question: where do the blood vessels that supply the retinal cells lie

answers: optic nerve

answers: The optic nerve

title: Retina

text: is "wired wrongly" or "badly designed"; but in fact, the retina could not function if it were not inverted. The photoreceptor layer must be embedded in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which performs at least seven vital functions, one of the most obvious being to supply oxygen and other necessary nutrients needed for the photoreceptors to function. These nutrients include glucose, fatty acids, and retinal. The mammalian photoreceptor amplification process uses large quantities energy for vision in photopic conditions (requiring less under scotopic conditions) and, thus, requires the large supply nutrients supplied by the blood vessels in the choroid, which

title: Retina

text: of the forkhead transcription factors FOXD1 and FOXG1. Additional gradients are formed within the retina that aid in proper targeting of RGC axons that function to establish the retinotopic map. The retina is stratified into distinct layers, each containing specific cell types or cellular compartments that have metabolisms with different nutritional requirements. To satisfy these requirements, the ophthalmic artery bifurcates and supplies the retina via two distinct vascular networks: the choroidal network, which supplies the choroid and the outer retina, and the retinal network, which supplies the retina's inner layer. At first glance, one may think that the vertebrate retina

title: Retina

text: lies beyond the RPE. The choroid supplies about 75% of these nutrients to the retina and the retinal vasculature only 25%. When light strikes 11-cis-retinal (in the disks in the rods and cones), 11-cis-retinal changes to all-trans-retinal which then triggers changes in the opsins. Now, the outer segments do not regenerate the retinal back into the cis- form once it has been changed by light. Instead the retinal is pumped out to the surrounding RPE where it is regenerated and transported back into the outer segments of the photoreceptors. This recycling function of the RPE protects the photoreceptors against photo-oxidative

title: Conjunctiva

text: Conjunctiva The conjunctiva lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera (the white of the eye). It is composed of non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells, and also stratified columnar epithelium. The conjunctiva is highly vascularised, with many microvessels easily accessible for imaging studies. The conjunctiva is typically divided into three parts: Blood to the bulbar conjunctiva is primarily derived from the ophthalmic artery. The blood supply to the palpebral conjunctiva (the eyelid) is derived from the external carotid artery. However, the circulation of the bulbar conjunctiva and palpebral conjunctiva are linked, so both bulbar conjunctival and

title: Eye

text: pigment epithelium, and constitutes the cells of the dilator muscle. The vitreous is the transparent, colourless, gelatinous mass that fills the space between the lens of the eye and the retina lining the back of the eye. It is produced by certain retinal cells. It is of rather similar composition to the cornea, but contains very few cells (mostly phagocytes which remove unwanted cellular debris in the visual field, as well as the hyalocytes of Balazs of the surface of the vitreous, which reprocess the hyaluronic acid), no blood vessels, and 98–99% of its volume is water (as opposed to

title: Retina

text: Retina The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer, or "coat", of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which translates that image into electrical neural impulses to the brain to create visual perception, the retina serving much the same function as film or a CCD in a camera. The retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses. The neural retina refers to the three layers of neural cells (photo receptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells) within

title: Retinylidene protein

text: of retinal at the ground state that photoisomerizes to an all-"trans" retinal upon light activation. They are commonly found in the light-sensing organs, for example in the photoreceptor cells of vertebrate retina where they facilitate eyesight. Animal opsins can also be found in the skin of amphibians, the pineal glands of lizards and birds, the hypothalamus of toads, and the human brain. They can be categorized into several distinct classes including: The "visual purple" rhodopsin (opsin-2) of the rod cells in the vertebrate retina absorbs green-blue light. The photopsins of the cone cells of the retina differ in a few

title: Sclera

text: pass. The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva (which is a thin layer covering the sclera), those in the episclera render the inflamed eye bright red. In many vertebrates, the sclera is reinforced with plates of cartilage or bone, together forming a circular structure called the sclerotic ring. In primitive fish, this ring consists of four plates, but the number is lower in many living ray-finned fishes, and much higher

title: Retinal haemorrhage

text: Retinal haemorrhage Retinal haemorrhage is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form visual images. Retinal hemorrhage can affect adults, and newborn babies and infants may also suffer from this disorder. A retinal hemorrhage can be caused by several medical conditions such as hypertension, retinal vein occlusion (a blockage of a retinal vein), anemia, leukemia or diabetes

title: Retinopathy

text: blood to sludge, or thicken and flow slowly, through the retinal arteries. Other disorders that cause hyperviscosity syndrome may also cause blood sludging. Lastly, clots or central artery thrombosis directly blocks flow to the retina causing the cells to die. Proliferative retinopathy is the result of aberrant blood flow to the retina due to blood vessel overgrowth, or neovascularization. These pathologically overgrown blood vessels are often fragile, weak, and ineffective at perfusing the retinal tissues. These weak, fragile vessels are also often leaky, allowing fluids, protein, and other debris to leech out into the retina. They are also prone to

title: Retina

text: entire retina contains about 7 million cones and 75 to 150 million rods. The optic disc, a part of the retina sometimes called "the blind spot" because it lacks photoreceptors, is located at the optic papilla, where the optic-nerve fibres leave the eye. It appears as an oval white area of 3 mm². Temporal (in the direction of the temples) to this disc is the macula, at whose centre is the fovea, a pit that is responsible for our sharp central vision but is actually less sensitive to light because of its lack of rods. Human and non-human primates possess

title: Diabetic retinopathy

text: show areas of retinal thickening due to fluid accumulation from macular edema. In the second stage, abnormal new blood vessels (neovascularisation) form at the back of the eye as part of "proliferative diabetic retinopathy" (PDR); these can burst and bleed (vitreous hemorrhage) and blur the vision, because these new blood vessels are fragile. The first time this bleeding occurs, it may not be very severe. In most cases, it will leave just a few specks of blood, or spots floating in a person's visual field, though the spots often go away after a few hours. These spots are often followed

title: Epiretinal membrane

text: field dependent aniseikonia that cannot be fully corrected optically with glasses. Partial correction often improves the binocular vision considerably though. In the young (under 50 years of age), these cells occasionally pull free and disintegrate on their own; but in the majority of sufferers (over 60 years of age) the condition is permanent. The underlying photoreceptor cells, rod cells and cone cells, are usually not damaged unless the membrane becomes quite thick and hard; so usually there is no macular degeneration. The source of the cells in epiretinal membranes (ERM) has been found to comprise glial cells, retinal pigment epithelial

title: Special senses

text: light from its surroundings onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain that is isolated to serve as a transducer for the conversion of light into neuronal signals. Based on feedback from the visual system, the lens of the eye adjusts its thickness to focus light on the photoreceptive cells of the retina, also known as the rods and cones, which detect the photons of light and respond by producing neural impulses. These signals are processed via complex feedforward and feedback processes by different parts of the

title: Conjunctiva

text: palpebral conjunctival vessels will be supplied by both the ophthalmic artery and the external carotid artery, to varying extents. Sensory innervation of the conjunctiva is divided into four parts: The conjunctiva consists of non-keratinized, both stratified squamous and stratified columnar epithelium, with interspersed goblet cells. The epithelial layer contains blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and lymphatic channels. Accessory lacrimal glands in the conjunctiva constantly produce the aqueous portion of tears. Additional cells present in the conjunctival epithelium include melanocytes, T and B cell lymphocytes. The conjunctiva helps lubricate the eye by producing mucus and tears, although a smaller volume of tears

title: Rubeosis iridis

text: VEGF. These factors stimulate the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Unfortunately, these new vessels do not have the same characteristics as the blood vessels originally formed in the eye. In addition, new blood vessels can form in areas that do not have them. Specifically, new blood vessels can be observed on the iris. In addition to the blood vessels in the iris, they can grow into the angle of the eye. These blood vessels eventually go through a process called fibrosis which closes the normal physiologic anatomy of the angle. The closing of the angle prevents fluid from leaving

title: Retinol

text: (three forms/colors in humans), responsible for color vision and sensing relatively high light intensities (day vision), are less impaired at early stages of the vitamin A deficiency. All these protein-pigment complexes are located in the light-sensing cells in eye's retina. When stimulated by light, rhodopsin splits into a protein and a cofactor: opsin and all-"trans"-retinal (a form of vitamin A). The regeneration of active rhodopsin requires opsin and 11-"cis"-retinal. The regeneration of 11-"cis"-retinal occurs in vertebrates via a sequence of chemical transformations that constitute "the visual cycle" and which occurs primarily in the retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Without adequate amounts

title: Blood–retinal barrier

text: Blood–retinal barrier The blood–retinal barrier, or the BRB, is part of the blood–ocular barrier that consists of cells that are joined tightly together to prevent certain substances from entering the tissue of the retina. It consists of non-fenestrated capillaries of the retinal circulation and tight-junctions between retinal epithelial cells preventing passage of large molecules from choriocapillaris into the retina. The blood retinal barrier has two components: the retinal vascular endothelium and the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal blood vessels that are similar to cerebral blood vessels maintain the inner blood-ocular barrier. This physiological barrier comprises a single layer of non-fenestrated endothelial

title: Optics and vision

text: called the retina. The retina converts patterns of light into neuronal signals. The lens of the eye focuses light on the photoreceptive cells of the retina, which detect the photons of light and respond by producing neural impulses. These signals are processed in a hierarchical fashion by different parts of the brain, from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the primary and secondary visual cortex of the brain. Signals from the retina can also travel directly from the retina to the Superior colliculus. The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a

title: Retinal ganglion cell

text: reference source, please consult "Connecting the Retina to the Brain" by Erskine et al. and "Retinal Axon Growth at the Optic Chiasm" by Petros TJ et al. Most information highlighted below comes from these two excellent reviews. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are born between embryonic day 11 (E11) and post-natals (PN) day zero (PN0) in the mouse and between week 5 and week 18 "in utero" in human development. In mammals, RGCs are typically added at the beginning in the dorsal-central aspect of the [[Optic cup (embryology)|optic cup]], which is located in the center of the eye. Then, RC growth

title: Retinal precursor cells

text: retina is generated from the precursor cells within the inner layer of the optic cup, as opposed to the retinal pigment epithelium that originate from the outer layer of the optic cup. In general, the developing retina is organized so that the least-committed precursor cells are located in the periphery of the retina, while the committed cells are located in the center of the retina. The differentiation of retinal precursor cells into the mature cell types found in the retina is coordinated in time and space by factors within the cell as well as factors in the environment of the

title: Blood–retinal barrier

text: cells, which have tight junctions. These junctions are impervious to tracer, so many substances can affect the metabolism of the eyeball. The retinal pigment epithelium maintains the outer blood–retinal barrier. Diabetic retinopathy, eye damage that frequently occurs as a result of diabetes, is related to the breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier. The barrier becomes more leaky in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Animal models have shown that the blood–retinal barrier becomes more permeable to substances in hypertensive animals (those with high blood pressure). Blood–retinal barrier The blood–retinal barrier, or the BRB, is part of the blood–ocular barrier that consists of cells

title: Retinal haemorrhage

text: and flaxseed oil. Retinal haemorrhage Retinal haemorrhage is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form visual images. Retinal hemorrhage can affect adults, and newborn babies and infants may also suffer from this disorder. A retinal hemorrhage can be caused by several medical conditions such as hypertension, retinal vein occlusion (a blockage of a retinal vein), anemia,

title: Retina

text: damage and allows the photoreceptor cells to have decades-long useful lives. The bird retina is devoid of blood vessels, perhaps to give unobscured passage of light for forming images, thus giving better resolution. It is, therefore, a considered view that the bird retina depends for nutrition and oxygen supply on a specialized organ, called the "pecten" or pecten oculi, located on the blind spot or optic disk. This organ is extremely rich in blood vessels and is thought to supply nutrition and oxygen to the bird retina by diffusion through the vitreous body. The pecten is highly rich in alkaline

title: Retina

title: Visual acuity

text: path called the visual axis. The eye's tissues and structures that are in the visual axis (and also the tissues adjacent to it) affect the quality of the image. These structures are: tear film, cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, vitreous, and finally the retina. The posterior part of the retina, called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is responsible for, among many other things, absorbing light that crosses the retina so it cannot bounce to other parts of the retina. In many vertebrates, such as cats, where high visual acuity is not a priority, there is a reflecting tapetum layer that

title: Retinotopy

text: circular image or angled lines about focus point. The radial map displays the distance from the center of vision. The angular map shows angular location using rays angled about the center of vision. Combining the radial and angular maps, you can see the separate regions of the visual cortex and the smaller maps in each region. Retinotopy Retinotopy (from Greek τόπος, place) is the mapping of visual input from the retina to neurons, particularly those neurons within the visual stream. For clarity, 'retinotopy' can be replaced with 'retinal mapping', and 'retinotopic' with 'retinally mapped'. Visual field maps (retinotopic maps) are

title: Fundus (eye)

text: regularity of the border of macular area, size and shape of the optic disc, apparent 'texturing' of retina, and pigmentation of retina. Medical signs that can be detected from observation of eye fundus (generally by funduscopy) include hemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots, blood vessel abnormalities (tortuosity, pulsation and new vessels) and pigmentation. Arteriolar constriction, seen as "silver wiring", and vascular tortuosities are seen in hypertensive retinopathy. The eye's fundus is the only part of the human body where the microcirculation can be observed directly. The diameter of the blood vessels around the optic disc is about 150 μm, and an

title: Retina

text: the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the nucleus of the optic tract. It passes through the other layers, creating the optic disc in primates. Additional structures, not directly associated with vision, are found as outgrowths of the retina in some vertebrate groups. In birds, the pecten is a vascular structure of complex shape that projects from the retina into the vitreous humour; it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the eye, and may also aid in vision. Reptiles have a similar, but much simpler, structure. In adult humans, the entire retina is approximately 72% of a sphere about 22 mm in diameter. The

title: Retinal ganglion cell

text: small size made them hard to find. About 10% of all retinal ganglion cells are bistratified cells, and these cells go through the koniocellular pathway. They receive inputs from intermediate numbers of rods and cones. They have moderate spatial resolution, moderate conduction velocity, and can respond to moderate-contrast stimuli. They may be involved in color vision. They have very large receptive fields that only have centers (no surrounds) and are always ON to the blue cone and OFF to both the red and green cone. Photosensitive ganglion cells, including but not limited to the giant retinal ganglion cells, contain their

title: Retina

long_answer: In section, the retina is no more than 0.5 mm thick. It has three layers of nerve cells and two of synapses, including the unique ribbon synapse. The optic nerve carries the ganglion cell axons to the brain, and the blood vessels that supply the retina. The ganglion cells lie innermost in the eye while the photoreceptive cells lie beyond. Because of this counter-intuitive arrangement, light must first pass through and around the ganglion cells and through the thickness of the retina, (including its capillary vessels, not shown) before reaching the rods and cones. Light is absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium or the choroid (both of which are opaque).

short_answers:
The optic nerve
optic nerve


question: when does elijah first appear in vampire diaries

answers: Rose

answers: "Rose"

answers: Season two

title: Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)

text: leaves Elijah to go to Jenna. In a flashback, we see that Elijah was in love with Katherine back in 1492. Elena tries to calm Jenna down and tells her the whole truth. Then, she goes back to Elijah, asking him to tell her about the curse. Elijah tells her that his mother was unfaithful to his father and Klaus is a brother from another father, a werewolf, something that makes Klaus both a vampire and a werewolf. Klaus wants to break the curse that is upon him so he can reawaken his werewolf side and create an army of

title: Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)

text: hybrids. Since Klaus is both a vampire and a werewolf, Elijah explains Elena that the dagger cannot kill him, and they have to try to do it using a witch when Klaus is on transition, a moment that makes him weak. Elena tells him that she knows a witch that can channel the power they need, and Elijah tells her that the curse needs to be broken during a full moon. Through another flashback, we see that Elijah found a way to protect the life of the doppelgänger during the sacrifice, meaning he can protect Elena's life. Katherine did not

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: they became vampires, can kill Originals. Elijah then works with a witch to locate Elena. The witch is able to locate her, so he goes to Mystic Falls to confront her, where he ends up saving her from a group of vampires who also wanted to take Elena. It is revealed that those vampires wanted to hand her over to Klaus. When Elijah discovers this, he makes peace with Elena and her friends, because he wants to use Elena as bait to draw out Klaus and kill him. He thus makes a deal with Elena that if she helps him

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 3)

text: premiered on Thursday, September 15, 2011. The series stars Nina Dobrev as Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce, Paul Wesley as Stefan Salvatore and Silas, Ian Somerhalder as Damon Salvatore, Steven R. McQueen as Jeremy Gilbert, Kat Graham as Bonnie Bennett, Candice Accola as Caroline Forbes, Zach Roerig as Matt Donovan, Michael Trevino as Tyler Lockwood, Matt Davis as Alaric Saltzman and Joseph Morgan as Klaus. 7th Heaven's David Gallagher was cast as werewolf Ray Sutton who has a run-in with Klaus in Tennessee. Australian actress, Claire Holt has been cast as Rebekah the sister of Klaus and Elijah, a beautiful

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Elijah is trapped in a room with animal heads which represent each brother of the family. To escape, Elijah discovers you must ruin the representation of each other, thus causing him to share with Klaus that he killed Tatia. When Klaus proves he is capable of forgiveness the spell is broken and they are free. Niklaus Mikaelson (more commonly called Klaus) is physically the most powerful immortal supernatural being in "The Vampire Diaries" and "The Originals" universe. He is shown to be cruel, sadistic, ruthless. He's portrayed by British actor Joseph Morgan. After the Original couple moved to the Americas,

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: not trust Elijah and chose to flee. Later, he would punish her for her betrayal by compelling her to stay in a tomb until he said otherwise. Elena is rescued by the Salvatore brothers not long after Elijah kills Trevor, who had betrayed Elijah in the past by helping Katerina escape. The Salvatores attack Elijah and succeed in staking him; however, he comes back to life at the end of the episode because he is an Original Vampire who can not be killed by any wooden stake. Only wood from the ancient White Oak Tree, which his family burned when

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: leaves Mystic Falls a tortured soul, ashamed of his own barbaric actions and those of his family's. He is shown to be one of the most sophisticated and peaceful of the Original siblings, alongside his older brother Finn. He is the most compromising regarding Elena and her friends. Elijah and Elena develop a sort of understanding, and Elena comes to be fond of Elijah's company. She thus feels especially betrayed when earlier Elijah threatened to allow Rebekah to kill Elena if the Salvatore brothers are not able to stop Esther Mikaelson from killing the Original Family. However, in the 18th

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 3)

text: an injury. She uses vampire blood to cure people and starts dating Alaric. On November 16, 2011, it was announced that Robert Ri'chard was cast as Jamie a new love interest for resident witch Bonnie. On November 22, 2011, it was announced that Daniel Newman was cast as Daniel Warren, appearing in one episode. Australian actor Nathaniel Buzolic has been cast to play Klaus and Elijah's brother Kol and English actor Caspar Zafer has been cast as their other brother Finn. On January 13, 2012, it was announced that Cassidy Freeman was cast as Sage. On March 31, 2012, Sara

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: kill Klaus, he will leave her family and her friends alone and keep them safe. However, he intends for Elena to be successfully sacrificed, as once Klaus breaks the curse and starts transforming, he will be left vulnerable enough to be killed. During a series of events, Elijah is temporarily "killed" when Elena stabs him with a mystical dagger that can kill an Original when dipped in ash from the White Oak Tree. When Klaus comes to town, Elena un-daggers Elijah because she needs his help, and he then reveals to her his family's history, and the fact that Klaus

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

text: curse is on Klaus, who therefore wants to kill her. But Elijah says he has an elixir that can save Elena from dying. Elena believes Elijah, but Damon says that there is another way to save her life and feeds her his blood. Stefan tries to stop him, but he stabs in the chest with the wooden dagger. Elena then cries that she will be a vampire against her will. Maddox kidnaps Tyler and Caroline. Damon frees them and is bitten. Then he goes to Klaus to tell him that he does not have a werewolf and witch, as he

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: episode of season 3, Elena professes that she hopes that her vampire friends are descended from Elijah's bloodline, so that he can be spared. Elijah returns to town in the season three finale episode, "The Departed", in order to make a deal with Elena and her friends. Elijah proposes that he be allowed to take Klaus's desiccated (by witch Bonnie and help from the Salvatores and Tyler) body with him and his siblings and leave town, and in exchange, he would make sure that Klaus would not be resurrected within Elena's lifetime or even that of her children, stating: "perhaps

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: to kill Klaus. When Elijah awakes, he undaggers the rest of his siblings who were located in similar coffins in the same room. They begin to plot their revenge against Klaus; however, before they can make their move, their mother Esther, thought to be dead, reappears and convinces the siblings to be a family again [which later turns out to be a front for her true motives; she wants to link her children's lives together and kill one of them to kill the rest, rendering vampires extinct]. After Elijah foils his mother's plans to kill him and his siblings, he

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

text: tells her that Klaus will be weakened by the sacrificial ritual, meaning that Elena has to die so that Elijah can kill him and free his sister. John gives Damon the special dagger to kill Elijah. Elena finds out that if a vampire uses the dagger, that vampire will die. Stefan warns Damon and Alaric stabs Elijah, but he pulls the dagger out and tells Elena their deal is off. Elena stabs herself in the stomach, and Elijah begs her to let him heal her. She stabs him with the dagger and leaves it in him. Elijah's death means that

title: The Dinner Party (The Vampire Diaries)

text: to keep her family and friends safe. Elijah does not seem to agree and Elena threatens to kill herself and become a vampire, just like Katherine did, something the will make her useless for him. Elijah calls her bluff but Elena moves on and stabs herself in the stomach. Elijah freaks out, accepts the deal and asks her to let him heal her. When he gets close enough, Elena stabs him with the dagger and Elijah falls dead. Stefan gives Elena his blood to heal her and Damon is also there reminding to not remove the dagger from the body.

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 3)

text: daughter has become a monster, but later accepts her. Alice Evans joined the cast as the original witch Esther, Klaus' mother. She was first seen in a flashback in episode eight. Daniel Gillies will also return first appearing in a flashback during episode eight as Klaus' brother, Elijah. Persia White has been cast as Bonnie's mother, Abby Bennett. On November 10, 2011, it was announced that Paul Wesley's wife Torrey DeVitto was cast as Meredith Fell (based off Meredith Sulez from the source novel), a young doctor who is fascinated by Alaric, when she notices how quickly he recovers from

title: All My Children (The Vampire Diaries)

text: All My Children (The Vampire Diaries) "All My Children" is the fifteenth episode of the third season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 59th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on February 16, 2012. The episode was written by Evan Bleiweiss & Michael Narducci and directed by Pascal Verschooris. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) finds evidence that Esther (Alice Evans) was casting a spell during the ball and he believes that Elena (Nina Dobrev) lied to him. He kidnaps Elena who tells him that Esther wants to kill them all. Elijah takes Elena into the tunnels

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 5)

text: Ian Somerhalder as Damon Salvatore; Steven R. McQueen as Jeremy Gilbert; Candice Accola as Caroline Forbes; Zach Roerig as Matt Donovan; Kat Graham as Bonnie Bennett and Michael Trevino as Tyler Lockwood, who is still under contract. Within the first three episodes, four new characters were introduced: Nadia, a girl with a mission of revenge who has traveled around the world, Jesse, an upper-class boy who goes to college, Actors Olga Fonda and Kendrick Sampson were cast in the roles of Nadia and Jesse, respectively. On August 2, 2013, it was announced that Janina Gavankar will play Tessa. The Vampire

title: Crying Wolf (The Vampire Diaries)

text: for a romantic weekend at her parents' house near the lake. When they get there, Elena remembers her parents and memories of them at the house come back to her mind. Stefan is there for her and they later find out a secret place where Elena's parents were hiding vampire weapons as well as other Gilbert journals. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) meets Elijah (Daniel Gillies) at the tea party Carol (Susan Walters) is organizing and tries to find out his plans and why he wants to keep Elena safe at the moment but Elijah does not seem willing to share his

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: with Katherine when he learns Klaus has fathered a child and returns to New Orleans to keep Klaus' unborn baby safe and help his brother. He follows his brother Klaus to New Orleans and finds out that Hayley is pregnant with Klaus' child. He begins to have feelings for Hayley and throughout 'The Originals' the two make their feelings for each other clear. When Esther returns, she reveals the truth about how Elijah's first love, Tatia, was killed, proving it was in fact himself who had fed on her when they had newly been vampires. During one of Finn's spells

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: that will teach him some manners". However, Klaus is staked, and Elijah and Rebekah believe him to be dead, even though Klaus actually possessed Tyler Lockwood's body and lives on. In season four, Elijah reappears as Katherine's lover, and is making a deal with Katherine for her to be granted her freedom from Klaus in exchange for the cure for immortality, which Klaus wants to give to Silas, the world's first and most dangerous immortal being, to avoid Silas' psychic torture. Elijah refuses Klaus the cure for Rebekah to take before Silas re-claims it, denying Katherine's freedom. Elijah breaks up

title: Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)

text: at their peaks when he is fully transformed into his werewolf form. Although stronger than his Original Vampire maternal half-siblings due to his werewolf heritage, some of his half-siblings have been shown to be able to fight with him almost equal terms; not enough to actually defeat Klaus, as the latter always quickly turns the tables on his half-siblings in the end. His supernatural and physical attributes aside, Klaus' greatest asset is his sharp intellect. His penchant for strategies and forming contingencies way ahead of time and surpasses Elijah's penchant for strategies and forming contingencies; as he has outsmarted Elijah

title: By the Light of the Moon (The Vampire Diaries)

text: talk to her. Elijah and Elena get in her room and he lets her know that he doesn't want to break the curse and that he also does not intend to hurt her or anyone she loves. He says that Klaus has become paranoid over the years and he just wants to find where he is so he can kill him. Elijah wants to use Elena as bait to draw Klaus out and he makes a deal with Elena: she is to stop trying to kill herself and he will keep her family safe in return. Elena agrees but wants

title: The Sun Also Rises (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Bonnie that they will offer Klaus to take him and leave Jenna live. Stefan talks to Elijah before he goes to Klaus and asks him if he can trust him since Klaus is his brother and Stefan himself had many opportunities to kill Damon but he never did it because he could not. Elijah tells Stefan that he had other siblings too and Klaus took them away from him. Stefan realizes that Elijah wants revenge and he leaves. Damon gets mad when he learns about Stefan's decision and along with Jeremy, Bonnie and John (David Anders) try to find a

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

title: Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)

text: plan, agrees, making Damon unhappy. Elijah explains to Elena how he and Klaus met Katherine and that Klaus is his brother. Jenna (Sara Canning) returns home after all the messages "Elena" left her about staying away from Alaric and calls Stefan to ask what is wrong. Stefan goes to meet her, only to find out that Alaric/Klaus is already there waiting for him. Damon goes to Alaric's apartment with Andy (Dawn Olivieri) to see if Katherine is there. When they find her, Damon gives her vervain to drink so that Klaus will not be able to compel her. Elijah continues

title: Daddy Issues (The Vampire Diaries)

text: doing anything and just right before the werewolves kill Damon, Stefan and Caroline, all the werewolves except from Tyler collapse. Jonas comes out of the woods and informs everyone that Elijah promised to keep them safe and that's what he is doing. Damon, Stefan and Caroline leave and Jonas tells Tyler to let his friends know that they should leave the town when they wake up. Stefan escorts Caroline back home but he is worried about her after what she has been through. She says she is fine and Stefan leaves but he knows that she needs some friends so

title: Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Klaus (The Vampire Diaries) "Klaus" is the 19th episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 41st episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 21, 2011. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by Joshua Butler. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) wakes up in the Salvatore basement after Elena (Nina Dobrev) removes the dagger from his body. Elena tries to keep him quiet so Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan (Paul Wesley) will not hear him. Elijah needs to get out of the house since he is not

title: Crying Wolf (The Vampire Diaries)

text: plans. At the same time, Bonnie (Kat Graham), with the help of Caroline (Candice Accola) and Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen), uses her magic to force Luka (Bryton James) tell her about Elijah's plans. Damon gets back to the Salvatore house with Alaric (Matt Davis) and they try to figure out what Elijah wants and how they are going to kill him. Alaric has to meet Jenna (Sara Canning) and gets up to leave, but on his way out he gets stabbed from a werewolf and Stevie drugs Damon. The werewolves tie Damon up and they start torturing him so he

title: Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)

text: invited in, and Elena, to convince him that he can trust her, hands him the dagger. Stefan wakes up the next morning and discovers that Elijah's body is gone while at the same time, Klaus needs his real body and asks Maddox (Gino Anthony Pesi) to take care of it. Stefan calls Elena to see if she is okay and asks her where Elijah is. Elena reassures him that she is fine and that Elijah is with her, asking Stefan to trust her and let her do what she thinks best. Stefan, even though he does not agree with her

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

long_answer: The Vampire Diaries, a 40 minute American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010. The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m. ET. The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale. All the series regulars returned. Season two focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse, and the arrival of the original vampires. Tyler Lockwood's (Michael Trevino) uncle, Mason Lockwood (Taylor Kinney), arrives in town searching for the moonstone, a family heirloom. Tyler later learns of his family's werewolf curse. Meanwhile, Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola) is killed by Katherine while having Damon Salvatore's (Ian Somerhalder) blood in her system, turning her into a vampire. The arrival of the original vampires, Elijah (Daniel Gillies) and Klaus Mikaelson (Joseph Morgan), also bring about complications. Klaus is a vampire-werewolf hybrid, but his werewolf side had been forced into dormancy by witches, as nature would not stand for such an imbalance in power. Therefore, Klaus arrives in town with plans to break the curse and unleash his werewolf side by channelling the power of the full moon into the moonstone, sacrificing a vampire and a werewolf, and drinking the blood of the doppelgänger. The season is currently on air in Urdu on filmax channel in Pakistan. It became available on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2011.


question: who does the voice of nala in the lion king

answers: Niketa Calame

answers: Sally Dworsky

answers: Moira Kelly

answers: Laura Williams

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: Broadway musical adaptation of the film, first played by singer Heather Headley. The character also appears in the television series "The Lion Guard", with Gabrielle Union replacing Kelly as the voice of Nala. Beyoncé is set to voice the character in the upcoming 2019 remake of the original film directed by Jon Favreau. Screenwriter Linda Woolverton conceived Nala "as part of a gradual progression ... which have driven recent public conversation about what young girls should be able to expect from their cinematic role models." In early versions of the screenplay, Nala has a younger brother named Mheetu, who enjoys

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: voice of adult Nala." A straight woman character, Kelly described Nala as a sensible and nurturing yet authoritative character, while Amber Leab of Bitch Flicks described her as strong, independent and intelligent. According to Oh My Disney, Nala serves as "the proverbial glue that keeps "The Lion King" together", from whose perspective the audience watches the film because she "says EXACTLY what we’re thinking". Occupying the role of the film's female lead, Nala is "The Lion King"'s most important female character, who contributes to the film's "small romance element". Often identified as the film's deuteragonist, Taylor Orci of "The Atlantic"

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: footage from the first film was simply reused accordingly. Elton John's official website cites Kelly among the film's cast of actors who "would grace any red carpet." Kelly's performance as Nala is responsible for introducing the actress to a younger audience. Previously, she had been better known for appearing in more adult-oriented live-action films at that time. In 2011, Kelly revealed that fans of the film rarely recognize her speaking voice as the voice of Nala, although Robert DeSalvo of NextMovie.com claims that the actress "has a ... distinctive voice that "The Lion King" fans will instantly recognize as the

title: Tajja Isen

text: Nala in a Toronto production of Disney's "The Lion King" and was nominated for an Equity Emerging Artist Award for that role. Since 2008, she has been working on releasing her first solo album. She cites Tori Amos, Kate Bush and Paul McCartney as some of her influences. She has a younger sister Nissae Isen who is also a voice actress. Tajja Isen Tajja Isen (born June 29, 1991 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian actress and singer-songwriter best known for voicing the title character in the television series "Atomic Betty." She has several other voice credits, including the

title: Javine Hylton

text: played Nala in a production of "The Lion King" in London's West End. In a potentially risky move, she opted to channel this experience of live singing into an audition for ITV's "", a reality television talent show in which young hopefuls sought to be picked for a place in a new manufactured group. Her gamble paid off as she was one of the last six contenders for a place in the girl group, but she missed out on a spot in what later became the chart-topping group Girls Aloud, and instead embarked on a solo singing career. In the

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: audition because the filmmakers were interested in hearing different voices at the time. Kelly believes the directors had been searching for a specific "quality of voice ... a sort of authoritative voice but with a lot of warmth" to compliment Nala's sensible yet nurturing personality. After attending a series of callbacks, during which Kelly returned to Disney several times to re-read the character's lines, Kelly was selected as one of two finalists. Kelly would not officially be offered the part until several months after her audition; Disney's first choice for the role remains undisclosed. Actor Matthew Broderick, voice of Simba,

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: Lion King", which is expected to be released in July 19, 2019. The same day Shahadi Wright Joseph was cast as young Nala in the film. In the Broadway musical adaptation of "The Lion King", the role of Nala was originated by Trinidadian-American singer Heather Headley. Her Broadway debut, at first auditioning for the role proved a challenge for the singer due to her "Ragtime" contract, which her agent was eventually successful in getting her released from. Director Julie Taymor felt that Nala's journey in the film was underdeveloped and among the story's weaker elements, and thus decided to "strengthen"

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: was preceded by the made-for-television film "" (2015). Set within the time gap in "The Lion King II: Simba's Pride", the show revolves around Nala and Simba's son Kion who, being their second-born cub after Kiara, has been tasked with forming the next Lion Guard, a group responsible for protecting the Pride Lands. Although a fan of the "Lion King" franchise, Union avoided watching previous "Lion King" films in preparation for the role because she wanted to "put [her] own stamp" on the character. On November 1, 2017, it was confirmed that would voice adult Nala in Jon Favreau's "The

title: India Scandrick

text: India Scandrick India Scandrick is an American Broadway actress and one of two girls who landed the role as young Nala in the Broadway musical "The Lion King".The experience was a hallmark in a career that spans 11 years. Her resume is thick with experiences, including television acting roles in Tyler Perry’s “House of Payne,” “Disney 365” and Fox tv Sleepy Hollow She also has appeared in films such as “The Greening of Whitney Brown” and other musicals like “A Christmas Carol” and “The Wiz.” The actress continues to stay busy these days.Shes a Theatre Arts Major at Clark Atlanta

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: had already begun recording alongside another actress who had been cast as Nala before that actress was replaced with Kelly. Broderick was not informed that his original co-star had been recast, and only learned that Nala was voiced by Kelly at the film's premiere. The film's entire recording process took approximately three years to complete, during which Kelly's sessions were held in both the United States and Canada, while her co-stars Broderick and Jeremy Irons, voice of Scar, were recording in the United States and England, respectively. Each main cast member recorded their dialogue separately, which took Kelly some time

title: The Lion King

text: Nala, but she had not accepted the role yet due to a pregnancy. In April 2017, Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen joined the film as Timon and Pumbaa, respectively. Two months later, John Oliver was cast as Zazu. At the end of July 2017, had reportedly entered final negotiations to play Nala and contribute the soundtrack as well. The following month, Chiwetel Ejiofor entered talks to play Scar. Later on, Alfre Woodard and John Kani joined the film as Sarabi and Rafiki, respectively. On November 1, 2017, and Chiwetel Ejiofor were officially confirmed to voice Nala and Scar with Eric

title: Beyoncé

text: album-equivalent units, of which 70,000 were pure album sales. In film, Beyoncé will voice Nala in Jon Favreau's "The Lion King", which is expected to be released on July 19, 2019. Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music". Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child. Jon Pareles of "The New York Times" commented that her voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting". Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced

title: Diamond White (singer)

text: Diamond White (singer) Diamond White is an American singer, and actress who, in 2007, starred in a Chicago-based production of "The Color Purple" that also toured nationally. She voices Frankie Greene in "," Fuli on the Disney Junior series "The Lion Guard," and has had cameo appearances on "The Haunted Hathaways" and "Sofia the First" and a recurring role on "Phineas and Ferb." In 2012, she was a contestant on the second season of the American version of "The X Factor," finishing in fifth place. White was born in Detroit, Michigan. She played Young Nala in Disney's "The Lion King"

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: end of the film, Nala gains Kovu as her son-in-law after he marries Kiara. In "The Lion King 1½" (2004), which focuses instead on Timon and Pumbaa's friendship, Nala's role is virtually identical to that of her appearance in "The Lion King" because filmmakers reused most of the character's footage from the first film. Nala didn't appear in an episode of "Timon & Pumbaa", despite that she is the queen at that time. Voiced by actress Gabrielle Union, Nala reprises her role as Queen of the Pride Lands in the television series "The Lion Guard", the 2016 premiere of which

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: to get used to because she had grown accustomed to working with several other actors at a time on the sets of her live-action films. For "The Lion King", a director would often take the place of another actor for Kelly to act opposite of. Vocally, Kelly decided to approach the role as though she were reading to a child, explaining, "it's kind of fun to play with different voices and try to color the lines for the child so they can imagine it more fully", which she admitted is different than how the actress would approach a live-action role.

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: positive reviews as well. Sara Franks-Allen of ScreenCrush wrote that "If being a Disney princess is about being a good role model for little girls, then Nala has a lot in her favor", elaborating, "She's strong enough to take down Simba, ventures out on her own to find help for her pride and calls Simba out for ignoring his responsibilities." Meanwhile, Ella Ceron of "Thought Catalog" ranked Nala 14th on her list of "The 16 Most Awesome Female Characters From Disney Movies". Responsible for introducing the seasoned actress to a younger audience, Kelly's vocal performance as Nala has garnered critical

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: mind. However, John lobbied in favor of "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" being a love song performed as a duet by Nala and Simba, with which the filmmakers ultimately agreed. When asked by Disney if she was interested in reprising her role as Nala in "The Lion King II: Simba's Pride", Kelly immediately accepted, joking, "Sure, you wanna do a third, fourth, fifth? I'm right there". In the case of "The Lion King "1½, it took the actress only a few days to record her character's dialogue due to Nala's comparatively smaller role in the film; much of Nala's

title: Lisa Tucker (singer)

text: Kennedy High after she was voted off. Tucker was encouraged by her parents to audition for a production of "The Little Princess" at Orange County Children's Theater (OCCT). Despite the fact it was her first audition, she landed the lead role. At the age of ten, Tucker was referred by OCCT to Walt Disney Productions, who cast her as young Nala for the musical production of "The Lion King". It was her first paying job and Tucker said, "I would have done it for free!" Tucker played Nala for 11 months but had to stop due to child labor laws

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: also ranked Nala eighth on the website's "Definitive Ranking of Disney Cats" list. In a 2014 interview, actor Eddie Redmayne admitted that Nala was his first "celebrity crush", having been specifically attracted to the character's "sweet" face and singing voice, referring to the experience as his "sexual awakening". Nala (The Lion King) Nala is a fictional character who appears in Disney's "The" "Lion King" franchise. Introduced in the animated film "The Lion King" in 1994, Nala subsequently appears as a less prominent character in the film's sequels "" (1998) and "The Lion King 1½" (2004), and serves as a recurring

title: Susi Earnshaw Theatre School

text: and live entertainment agency. Pupils gain entry to the full-time school through auditions in drama, dance, singing and a personal interview. Famous past pupils of the school include six time Grammy Award winner Amy Winehouse, musical theatre star Alexia Khadime who played the role of Nala in the West End production of The Lion King, and in 2008, she became the first black female to play the role of Elphaba in the West End show Wicked, Amie Atkinson voted BBC Radio Musical Theatre Voice of The Year 2007, Jay Asforis of Simon Fuller group S Club 8, R&B Star Keisha

title: The Lion King (2019 film)

text: antagonistic performance as Baron Mordo in "Doctor Strange" (2016). Other stars Eric Andre, Florence Kasumba, and Keegan-Michael Key will be the voices of Azizi, Shenzi and Kamari while JD McCrary and Shahadi Wright Joseph will be the voices of young Simba and young Nala, respectively. In November 2018, Amy Sedaris was announced as having been cast in a role created for the film. Production on the film commenced in mid-2017 in Los Angeles, California, utilizing "virtual-reality tools", per Visual Effects Supervisor Rob Legato. Virtual Production Supervisor Girish Balakrishnan said on his professional website that the filmmakers used motion capture and

title: Girlband (Australian band)

text: in New Zealand and grew up in Australia. She graduated from the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts and has toured with a number of musical theatre productions, including "We Will Rock You", Disney's "The Lion King" (as the lead character of Nala). She has also appeared in "Anyone Can Whistle" (Fay Apple), "Songs for a New World", "West Side Story" (Maria) and "Prodigal" (Maddy). In 2010 she joined the cast of "Wicked", alternating the lead role of Elphaba with Jemma Rix. She had been the standby for the role previously and had taken time out to have a baby.

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: son named Kion, who serves as the protagonist of "The Lion Guard" Nala is the most significant female character in "The Lion King". As the film was inspired by William Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet", Nala is considered to be "The Lion King"'s equivalent of Hamlet's love interest Ophelia, although differences remain between the two characters. Many early concepts first developed for Nala were eventually abandoned, including a brother and father for the character, as well as her being romantically pursued by Scar. While critical reception towards Nala has been generally mixed, Kelly's vocal performance has been praised. Nala appears in the

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: the character's narrative for Broadway. Her role in the musical remains the same as the film except for a scene where during the song "The Madness of King Scar", Nala comes to Scar to urge him to do something about the drought in the Pride Lands, only for Scar to try and seduce her into becoming his queen and mother of his children. Nala refuses since she's already been betrothed to Simba, prince of the Pride Lands as an infant by their parents, Sarafina, Mufasa and Sarabi and flees the Pride Lands to find help. Critical reception towards Nala has

title: Nala (The Lion King)

text: Nala is a fictional lioness, a character who appears in the Disney Lion King franchise. Introduced in the animated film The Lion King in 1994, Nala subsequently appears as a less prominent character in the film's sequels The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and The Lion King 1½ (2004). In the original film, the adult Nala was voiced by American actress Moira Kelly. Young Nala's speaking voice is provided by actress Niketa Calame, while singers Laura Williams and Sally Dworsky provide the singing voices of young and adult Nala respectively.

title: Kissy Simmons

text: Kissy Simmons Kissy Simmons is an American actress. "Kissy" is short for Kissimmee, the Floridian city near Orlando about 80 miles from Floral City where she was born. She is best known for playing Nala in the Broadway production of "The Lion King" and as of 2011 is reprising the role in the Las Vegas production at Mandalay Bay beginning May 5, 2009. Simmons was state high-jump champion at Citrus High School in Florida, and attended the University of South Florida on a full track scholarship. She received a BA in speech communications before going on to a successful modeling

title: Shannon Tavarez

text: Shannon Tavarez Shannon Skye Tavarez (January 20, 1999 – November 1, 2010) was an American child actress and singer. She appeared in the Broadway theatre production of "The Lion King" by Walt Disney Theatrical, where she played the role of the young lion cub Nala. Tavarez was a resident of Bellerose, Queens, New York City, and attended P.S. 176. Cambria Heights She was chosen to play the role of Nala after a cattle call audition in 2008 at the Apollo Theater. She became one of two girls who split the role, with each girl performing four shows weekly. Several months

title: Shadowland (The Lion King)

text: on his own experience being exiled from South Africa during apartheid. Mancina arranged and produced the track himself. Nala contributes to two duets to the animated film: "I Just Can't Wait to be King" and "Can You Feel the Love Tonight". Director Julie Taymor consistently found herself drawn to the South African musical influences Lebo brought to the production during rehearsals. Citing the film's lack of prominent female roles, the director longed to expand Nala's role into that of a more complex, three dimensional female character for the stage musical and felt that "Shadowland" would help develop her into a

title: Perrette Pradier

text: in the French version of the Walt Disney Studios animated feature film, "The Lion King". Pradier died on 16 January 2013, aged 74, in Rueil-Malmaison, France. Perrette Pradier Perrette Pradier (17 April 1938 – 16 January 2013) was a French actress. She is best known for her work as a voice actress which earned her the nickname of "Queen" or "High Priestess" of dubbing. Pradier was born in Hanoi, French Indochina. Two years after making her film début, in 1961, she was awarded the Prix Suzanne Bianchetti as most promising new actress in France for her performance as "Amenita" in

title: Renée Elise Goldsberry

text: played a replacement Nala in the Broadway production of "The Lion King", and was in the cast of the United States national tour of "Dreamgirls". She was nominated for a Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance, and won a "New York" magazine Best of 2005 Award, for her performance as Sylvia in the 2005 Shakespeare in the Park revival of "Two Gentlemen of Verona". Goldsberry later originated the role of Nettie Harris in "The Color Purple", the Broadway musical adaptation of the Pulitzer Prize-winning 1982 novel of the same name. She starred in the production from November 2005 to January

title: Nala (The Lion King)

short_answers:
Laura Williams
Moira Kelly
Niketa Calame
Sally Dworsky


question: who sings god gave rock and roll to you

answers: the British band Argent

answers: Petra

answers: Kiss

title: God Gave Rock and Roll to You

text: a big hit for the band in many parts of the world, including making the Top Ten in the United Kingdom and Germany. It reached number 21 on "Billboard'"s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US, as well as its video receiving heavy rotation on music television channels. The version released as a single and on the soundtrack to "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey" differs slightly from that played in the film. In the film, a 40-second guitar solo is played by Steve Vai. It was later included on Steve Vai's album "The Elusive Light and Sound, Vol. 1"

title: Petra (band)

text: the second record, among them former e vocalist Greg X. Volz (that band's name being a lower-case abbreviation of "Emmanuel"). Volz took the lead vocals on two songs and backed up several others. Among Volz's songs was a cover of the Argent anthem "God Gave Rock and Roll to You", which Myrrh had hoped to release as a radio single to the secular market. The song was immediately controversial – and revolutionary. "It was the boldest statement anyone in Christian music had made until that time," said Ambassador Artist Agency president Wes Yoder. "This was a radical notion, especially in

title: Revenge (Kiss album)

text: on VH1 Classic, Simmons stated the importance of the song "God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II": "It's not just a cover song for a soundtrack, but a testament to Eric Carr, and I think a lot of people don't realize that." The first single released from the album was "God Gave Rock 'N' Roll to You II", which was a big hit in the UK and Switzerland, reaching #4. It peaked at #21 on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks Chart and #18 on the Australian Singles Charts. "Domino" was the next single from the album, peaking at #26

title: Rock and Roll Heaven

text: Roll Heaven. Rock and Roll Heaven "Rock and Roll Heaven" is song written by Alan O'Day and Johnny Stevenson and popularized by The Righteous Brothers. It is a paean to several deceased singers such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Otis Redding, and has been rewritten a number of times to include other singers. The song was first recorded by the band Climax in 1973, but it failed to chart. It was then covered by The Righteous Brothers in 1974 and reached number three on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100. The Righteous Brothers recorded "Rock and Roll Heaven" a few

title: Rock and Roll Heaven

text: Rock and Roll Heaven "Rock and Roll Heaven" is song written by Alan O'Day and Johnny Stevenson and popularized by The Righteous Brothers. It is a paean to several deceased singers such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Otis Redding, and has been rewritten a number of times to include other singers. The song was first recorded by the band Climax in 1973, but it failed to chart. It was then covered by The Righteous Brothers in 1974 and reached number three on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100. The Righteous Brothers recorded "Rock and Roll Heaven" a few weeks after

text: Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life) "Rock and Roll (I Gave You the Best Years of My Life)" is a 1973 song written and originally performed by Australian singer Kevin Johnson, most famously covered by American singer Mac Davis. Johnson's version reached number four in Australia. The guitar solo in Johnson's version was played by Rory O'Donoghue. In Australia, the UK and Ireland, it was only Johnson's original version which charted. In Canada, Terry Jacks got it into the charts. No version of the song charted in New Zealand, even though the country's very

title: Petra (band)

text: the minds of the leaders of conservative churches." Other guest singers featured in the album were Steve Camp, Karen Morrison, and Austin Roberts. The recording process also was marked by disputes: the label refused Hartman's request to name the album "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" while a bluesy, crowd-favorite track written by Hartman about rejecting the pre-Christian self, "Killing My Old Man", was deemed too controversial and cut from the album (the song would later appear on the album "Never Say Die"). With a harder-edged sound reminiscent of Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, "Come and Join Us" was

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: sing-along chorus, rocking beat and carpe diem attitude." For Sam Lansky of "Idolator", the songwriting of the song handled by Dr. Luke protege Jacob Kasher, David Hodges from Evanescence and Peter Svensson from The Cardigans, "is a funny marriage of execrable alt-rock pedigree and genius pop pedigree." Lansky also noted that the song has "a 'stomp-stomp-clap' loop that shamelessly apes Queen's 'We Will Rock You', strategically placed gang vocals and a post-chorus 'Hey!' hook so catchy it’s effectively burning holes in your brain." Lyrically, "Rock n Roll" is a "boisterous" declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her

title: Avril Lavigne (album)

text: before, and I even throw a little bit of Japanese in it." She also described the song called "Rock n Roll" as "LOUD, impressive and it stands for so many other things than just music – that's really what it comes down to - and it's a song that I’m just putting the final touches to now." She also called her duet with Marilyn Manson as "heavier" and "rock". While responding what was her favourite song on the album, Lavigne answered, "'Give You What You Like,' 'Hush Hush' and 'Bad Girl.'" The album's opening track "Rock n Roll" is an

title: Rock n Roll Jesus (song)

text: Rock n Roll Jesus (song) "Rock n Roll Jesus" is the fifth single from Kid Rock's album of the same name. It was typical bravado-laced Kid Rock about sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll. The song was co-written by former lead guitarist Kenny Tudrick, who replaced Kenny Olson on the 2006 'Live' Trucker tour. The song and album title were attacked by some religious groups for being sacrilegious. The song along with "All Summer Long" and "Son of Detroit" were featured in the guitar game "". A live version was released on the Targer Version of Born Free in 2010.

title: Ronnie Weiser

text: Ronnie Weiser Ronny Weiser (born 1946 in Milan, Italy), also known as Rockin' Ronny Weiser, is an American record producer and founder of rockabilly record label Rollin' Rock. In Milan, Ronny discovered American rock'n'roll and rockabilly watching an Elvis Presley film, "Loving You". Upon immigrating to the United States in the 1960s, he published a rockabilly fanzine called Rollin' Rock, which evolved into full-fledged record label Rollin' Rock. In 1970, Rollin' Rock started reissuing 1950s recordings, and eventually recorded and released new recordings by 1950s artists such as Ray Campi, Mac Curtis, Gene Vincent, Alvis Wayne, Charlie Feathers, Johnny Carroll,

title: Rock and Roll Heaven

text: number four. The lyrics involving Jim Croce and Bobby Darin replaced Climax's lyrics for Buddy Holly ("Peggy Sue") and Ritchie Valens ("Donna"), both of whom died in a plane crash that had already been commemorated by another hit song, Don McLean's "American Pie." Also, in 1981, when the Righteous Brothers appeared for a one song reunion on "American Bandstand", they performed "Rock and Roll Heaven", and made it longer including new lyrics as tributes to Elvis Presley, John Lennon, and Keith Moon. It was rewritten with new lyrics in 1991 to mourn the passing of Elvis Presley (Love Me Tender),

title: Origins of rock and roll

text: singer Helen Ward. Other notable recordings using the words, both released in 1938, were "Rock It for Me" by Chick Webb, a swing number with Ella Fitzgerald on vocals featuring the lyrics "... Won't you satisfy my soul, With the rock and roll?"; and "Rock Me" by Sister Rosetta Tharpe, a gospel song originally written by Thomas Dorsey as "Hide Me in Thy Bosom". Tharpe performed the song in the style of a city blues, with secular lyrics, ecstatic vocals and electric guitar. She changed Dorsey's "singing" to "swinging," and the way she rolled the "R" in "rock me" led

title: Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture

text: Again" was used for a television promo for the film. Both songs were released one month prior on Neverland's self-titled debut album. The version of "God Gave Rock 'n Roll to You II" is not that which plays at the film's end as it lacks the intro by Steve Vai and the sound of girls chanting the chorus as the song fades to end. The intro solo was released by Steve Vai in his compilation album "The Elusive Light and Sound, Vol. 1", along with all of the other small pieces performed by him during the movie. Pieced together versions

title: Rock You

text: was road tested in concert, played for the first time at the Alrosa Villa in Columbus, Ohio. Helix vocalist Brian Vollmer claims that he wrote a new verse for the song but was denied a co-writing credit. The track was produced by the band with Rodney Mills, who was brought in due to his earlier mixing work with 38 Special. A brand new acoustic studio version was recorded and released in 2010 on the band's "Smash Hits...Unplugged!" CD. This version was produced by Aaron Murray, Sean Kelly and Vollmer. The chorus of "Rock You" has lent itself to Vollmer's autobiography,

title: Sister Rosetta Tharpe

text: by Decca, "Rock Me," "That's All," "My Man and I" and "The Lonesome Road" were instant hits, establishing Tharpe as an overnight sensation and one of the first commercially successful gospel recording artists. "Rock Me" influenced many rock-and-roll singers, such as Elvis Presley, Little Richard, and Jerry Lee Lewis. In 1942, the music critic Maurie Orodenker, describing Tharpe's "Rock Me", wrote that "It's Sister Rosetta Tharpe for the rock-and roll spiritual singing." She had signed a seven-year contract with Reminder and was managed by Mo Galye. Her records caused an immediate furor: many churchgoers were shocked by the mixture of

title: Who Loves You (song)

text: Who Loves You (song) "Who Loves You" is the title song of a 1975 album by The Four Seasons. It was composed by Bob Gaudio and Judy Parker and produced by Gaudio. It reached number 3 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in November 1975. After their release from Philips, the group signed with Motown and released one album and three singles for the organization in 1972 and 1973. All Motown recordings failed to chart in the U.S. and the company dropped the band. In August, "Who Loves You" entered the Hot 100 as Frankie Valli's "Swearin' to God" was sliding

title: The Statesmen Quartet

text: The Statesmen used the phrase "Rockin' and rollin'" in a song, and Hovie Lister's frantic boogie-woogie piano, piano bench acrobatics, and hair shaken down in his eyes would have great influence on early rock and roll artists, particularly on Jerry Lee Lewis, who was a fan of gospel music and the Statesmen. On July 4, 1955, the Blackwood/Statesmen team traveled to Texas for an engagement that would feature several secular artists on the same program. Among them was Elvis Presley. Elvis was planning to sing his rock hits, but refrained out of respect of his gospel idols. The Statesmen exerted

title: Wanda Jackson

text: rockabilly material when revivalists sought her out. She regularly toured Scandinavia, England, and Germany during the decade. Now embracing her rock-and-roll history, Jackson released the album "Rockabilly Fever" in 1984 (later issued by Rounder Records as "Rock N' Roll Your Blues Away" in 1986), her first secular album in a decade and her first recording of rock music in over twenty years. Cyndi Lauper acknowledged Jackson's classic rockabilly records were a major influence and inspiration for her during this period, and Jackson's fans also included a new generation of country music female vocalists, among them Rosanne Cash, Pam Tillis, Jann

title: Good Rocking Tonight

text: Sue, Sweet Georgia Brown, Caldonia, Elder Brown, and Deacon Jones. All of these characters had figured prominently in previous hit songs. The song has also been credited with being the most successful record to that point to use the word "rock" not as a euphemism for sex, but as a descriptive for the musical style, a connection which would become even clearer in 1954 when a version of "Good Rockin' Tonight" became Elvis Presley's second-ever single. While Brown missed out on the biggest hit version of his song, its success kicked off his own career, which included two #1 R&B

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: Epic Records. Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song) "Rock n Roll" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released as the second single from her self-titled fifth studio album by Sony Music Entertainment on August 23, 2013. The song was written by Lavigne, David Hodges, Chad Kroeger, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Rickard B. Göransson and Peter Svensson and was produced by Peter Svensson. "Rock n Roll" is an upbeat pop punk song, and lyrically it is a declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her "middle finger to the sky" to "let 'em know that

title: Rock and Roll Music

text: Rock and Roll Music "Rock and Roll Music" is a 1957 hit single written and recorded by rock and roll star Chuck Berry. The song has been widely covered and is recognized as one of Berry's most popular and enduring compositions. In the fall of 1957, his recording reached number 6 on "Billboard" magazine's R&B Singles chart and number 8 on its Hot 100 chart. The song has been recorded by many well-known artists. The Beatles' 1964 recording topped singles charts in Europe and in Australia, and the Beach Boys had a U.S. top ten hit with the song in

title: I Love Rock 'n' Roll

text: I Love Rock 'n' Roll "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City. The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said

title: Harry Hepcat

text: & roller from the 1950s. Had he been a little older back then, he would have been neck and neck with Bill Haley, Gene Vincent and even Elvis himself" Finally, in Harry Hepcat's own words, "I've devoted my life to this music. I've lived by the credo: Life without rock and roll is unthinkable." Harry Hepcat Harry Hepcat is a first-generation rock and roll artist, performing rock, blues, doo-wop and rockabilly over seven decades. He is noted as a singer, guitarist, band leader, songwriter, radio disc-jockey, writer, and media personality. A 1981 review stated, "His honest sense of fun distinguishes

title: God Gave Rock and Roll to You

text: "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" is a 1973 song by the British band Argent and covered by both Petra, in 1977 and 1984, and Kiss in 1991, both with modified lyrics.

title: Kevin Johnson (singer)

text: later recalled "Because I'd signed with an American company I couldn't record here ... two years writing and bashing my head against a brick wall". In September 1973 he issued "Rock and Roll I Gave You the Best Years of My Life". It peaked at No. 10 in Melbourne, and at No. 4 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. The lyrics describe a musician recalling his childhood dream of being a star and follows his life through his musical work, with some close breaks until he is faced with the ultimate realisation that he is not destined to

title: Mister Rock and Roll

text:
1975. The album was produced by Gene Summers and the executive producer was Michael Cattin. Recording engineer and mixdown by Dave Garner. Musicians included Joe Cook, Al Struble, Glen Struble, Kenny Hargis, Dan Edwards, Eddie Wayne Hill, Joel Colbert, Joe Donnell, Leonard Walters, David (Dave) Martin, James McClung, Jack Castleberry, Charlie Mendias, Ernest Walker, C.B. Williams, Buddy Stephens and Larry Jannasch. Background vocals were provided by Dan Edwards, Al Struble, Glen Struble and Tom Cunningham. Gene Summers discography from "Rockin' Country Style", US
 Gene Summers discography from "Rocky Productions", France
 Gene Summers discography from "Wangdangdula" Finland
 Gene Summers session data

title: Rock n Roll Jesus

text: of 5 stars, stating "His good-hearted faith in rock & roll delivers a powerful kick. As he well knows—and Rock N Roll Jesus proves—roaring guitars, truckloads of attitude and an unquenchable lust for life make up for a multitude of sins." "Billboard" stated "We may be more entertained at times by Rock's extramusical affairs, but the "Devil" should still be given his due as a clever and creative musical force." Allmusic was less enthusiastic, calling it "big, bold, and brainless" and stating, "splashy and silly though it may be, at least it gets the basic sound right, even if it's

title: Rock and roll

text: Rock and roll Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s from musical styles such as gospel, jump blues, jazz, boogie woogie, and rhythm and blues, along with country music. While elements of what was to become rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until 1954. According to Greg Kot, "rock and roll" refers to

title: Jeff Godwin

text: to Godwin, rock and roll music traces its origins back thousands of years. Its rhythms were written by Satan and his demons and have a subliminal power to control a listener's mind. The rhythms eventually found their way, via Africa, into blues, jazz and other forms of African American music before they appeared in rock music. In addition, rock music is loaded with references to sexual behavior of all kinds, and he believes it encourages fornication amongst youths and inspires lust. He also believe it inspires rage and it preaches "rebellion, hatred, drug abuse, suicide, fornication and the dark things

title: God Gave Rock and Roll to You

short_answers:
Kiss
Petra
the British band Argent


question: who was in charge of the revolutionary war

answers: General George Washington

answers: the king

title: Codorus State Park

text: employed as a deputy surveyor by the Penn Family. Stevenson organized wagons and supplies for the Forbes Campaign during the French and Indian War. When the British occupied Philadelphia and York became the capital of the Colonies, George Washington called on Stevenson to take charge of the supply lines. George Ross was a lawyer from Lancaster. During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the Provincial Assembly, the Provincial Conference and the Continental Congress. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He also introduced George Washington to the widow of his nephew, the flagmaker Betsy Ross. William Thompson emigrated from Ireland.

title: Henry Ludington

text: Ridgefield in April 1777, of the American Revolutionary War. The volunteers were mostly from the towns of Kent and Carmel of that county (later Putman County). Ludington was affiliated with George Washington as an aide-de-camp. He worked with Washington and helped establish the initial "secret service" in America. Washington, in his campaign for American independence, conceived the idea of gathering patriots in a secret service of espionage to gather information on British troops and their activities so he could gain an advantage in his military movements. He sent a letter on February 4, 1777, to the military commander Nathaniel Sackett

title: James Lovell (Continental Congress)

text: struggle for influence and command in the Continental Army. Lovell became a supporter of Horatio Gates in his lobbying quest for command. He encouraged Gates in reporting directly to Congress, in effect going over Washington's head. This reached its peak when Gates was given command of the Northern Department, replacing Philip Schuyler in the summer of 1777. The controversy also extended into his family along political lines as he was a fervent Whig as opposed to his father who was a Loyalist. Lovell was also a frequent correspondent with both John and Abigail Adams. In his correspondence to Abigail, he

title: Lipscomb Norvell

text: where he had received considerable lands as a bounty for his war service. At the time of his death, he lived with his family in Nashville, Tennessee. He is believed to be the first Revolutionary War officer buried in the Nashville City Cemetery. One of his sons was U.S. Senator John Norvell of Michigan and his grandson, William Walker, the son of Mary Norvell Walker, was the filibuster in Nicaragua. Lipscomb Norvell Lipscomb Norvell (September 1756 – March 2, 1843) was an American military officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Norvell was the son of John

title: Jeremiah Wadsworth

text: up as much pork as he could (both to furnish the American army and to keep it out of the hands and stomachs of the British forces). Having served effectively in these assignments in Connecticut, Congress elected him Deputy Commissary General of Purchases on June 17, 1777, but he resigned in August. When Congress reorganized the supply system, he became Commissary General in April 1778, resigning in December 1779. Reaching the rank of colonel, he became commissary for Comte de Rochambeau's army until the war's end. In the summer of 1783, he went to Paris to report to the French

title: Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War

text: specially designated officers to assist him in conducting intelligence operations. The first to assume this role appears to have been Joseph Reed, who fulfilled the duties of "Secretary, Adjutant General and Quarter Master, besides doing a thousand other little Things which fell incidentally." A later successor to Reed was Alexander Hamilton, who is known to have been deeply involved with the Commander-in-Chief's intelligence operations, including developing reports received in secret writing and investigating a suspected double agent. When Elias Boudinot was appointed Commissary General of Prisoners, responsible for screening captured soldiers and for dealing with the British concerning American patriots

title: Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau

text: appointed commander of land forces as part of the project code named Expédition Particulière. He was given the rank of Lieutenant General in command of some 7,000 French troops and sent to join the Continental Army under George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. Axel von Fersen the Younger served as his aide-de-camp and interpreter. The small size of the force at his disposal made him initially reluctant to lead the expedition. He landed at Newport, Rhode Island on July 10 but was held there inactive for a year due to his reluctance to abandon the French fleet blockaded by

title: James Randolph Reid

text: James Randolph Reid James Randolph Reid (August 11, 1750 – January 25, 1789) was an American soldier in the Revolutionary War. He later served as a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1787 until 1789. Reid was born in Hamilton Township in what was then York County, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton) in 1775 and joined the Continental Army as a lieutenant. He rose to the rank of major, and was 2nd in command of Congress' Own Regiment. After the war, Reid was one of the veterans who received a patent or

title: Ward Circle

text:
Leonard Crunelle at a cost of $50,000, the statue was unveiled on November 3, 1938 by Maj. Gen. Ward's great-great-great-granddaughter, Mrs. Lewis Wesley Feick. It shows Ward, the first Commander-in-Chief in the Revolutionary War, atop a granite pedestal in a Continental Army uniform. The pedestal of the statue bears the inscription: ARTEMAS WARD
 1727–1800
 SON OF MASSACHUSETTS
 GRADUATE OF HARVARD COLLEGE
 JUDGE AND LEGISLATOR
 DELEGATE 1780–1781 TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
 SOLDIER OF THREE WARS
 FIRST COMMANDER OF THE PATRIOT FORCES Located on the west of the circle, the home of American University's School of Public Affairs was named for and

title: Alured Clarke

text: Pembroke, and received a pension from him until 1790, but Clarke and she had no children. Alured Clarke Field Marshal Sir Alured Clarke (24 November 1744 – 16 September 1832) was a British army officer. He took charge of all British troops in Georgia in May 1780 and was then deployed to Philadelphia to supervise the evacuation of British prisoners of war at the closing stages of the American Revolutionary War. He went on to be Governor of Jamaica and then lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada in which role he had responsibility for implementing the Constitutional Act 1791. He was then

title: William Palfrey

text: American Revolution, and visited England in 1771. During the War of Independence, he served as an aide-de-camp to George Washington in March and April 1776, after which Hancock arranged to have him appointed paymaster-general in the Continental Army, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In November 1780, he was appointed consul-general in France by a unanimous vote of Congress, and embarked in a ship for that country, which was never heard of after she had left the capes. Lost at sea in December, 1780, while on special business to France by order of the Continental Congress. His grandson John G. Palfrey

title: Benjamin Chew

text: the extensive repairs necessary after the Battle of Germantown. While in Delaware, the Chews rented their house on Third Street to Don Juan de Miralles (the Spanish representative to the American government); the Marquis de Chastellux (principal liaison officer between the French Commander-in-Chief and George Washington); and to George and Martha Washington, from November 1781 to March 1782, during the Second Continental Congress. By 1783, the Chews concluded that the political situation was safe enough for their family to return to Philadelphia. They lived full-time in the house on South Third Street during the formation of the United States: the

title: Morgan Lewis (governor)

text: Army. Lewis was then made a captain of a regiment of the New York militia. Once the 2nd New York militia regiment was organized, he was promoted to the rank of major. He was then appointed chief-of-staff to General Horatio Gates, with the rank of colonel, and accompanied him into Canada, and soon after congress appointed him quartermaster-general of the Northern Army. In 1775, he planned and executed the night attack on Stone Arabia, and was in command at the battle of Crown Point, where he was accompanied by New York Governor George Clinton. He was prominent throughout the campaign

title: Joseph Trumbull (commissary general)

text: appoint his nephew Walter Livingston as commissary for Schuyler's Northern Department. Trumbull was charged with corruption but an official inquiry cleared him of wrongdoing in December 1775. Trumbull resigned in 1777 when Congress took away some of his duties. Congress then appointed him to the Board of War, and he served from August 1777 until his resignation in April 1778 due to sickness. He died three months later in Lebanon and was buried in the East Cemetery. Joseph Trumbull (commissary general) Joseph Trumbull (March 11, 1737 – July 23, 1778), son of Governor Jonathan Trumbull of Connecticut, was the first

title: John Brown of Pittsfield

text: John Brown of Pittsfield John Brown (October 19, 1744 – October 19, 1780) of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, was a Revolutionary War officer, a state legislator, and a Berkshire County judge. He played key roles in the conquest of Fort Ticonderoga at the start of the war, during the American invasion of Canada in 1775-1776, and once again in 1777 during Lieutenant General John Burgoyne's invasion of the United States by way of Lake Champlain and the Hudson River. Brown was the first man to bring formal charges against Benedict Arnold, who was then a prominent American general. Brown died in battle

title: Robert H. Harrison

text: Robert H. Harrison Robert Hanson Harrison (1745 – April 2, 1790) was an American Army officer, attorney, and judge. A Continental Army veteran of the American Revolution, he is most notable for his service as George Washington's military secretary, the "de facto" chief of staff of Washington's headquarters for most of the war. Born in Charles County, Maryland, Robert Hanson Harrison was the son of Dorothy (Hanson) Harrison and Colonel Richard Harrison, who served in offices including justice of the peace and member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Little is known of the younger Harrison's early life and education,

title: Richard Platt (military officer)

text: Richard Platt (military officer) Richard Platt (1754 - 1830.) was an aide-de-camp to Alexander McDougall during the Revolutionary War. Platt served as the chairman of the Committee of Arrangements in organizing New York's Federal Procession of 1788, which celebrated the ratification of the United States Constitution. Platt was also a member of the Society of the Cincinnati of the State of New York, for which he served as Treasurer alongside Alexander Hamilton, who served as the society's Vice President Platt served as the chairman of the Committee of Arrangements in organizing New York's Federal Procession of 1788, which celebrated the

title: John Cleves Symmes Jr.

text: John Cleves Symmes Jr. John Cleves Symmes Jr. (November 5, 1780 – May 28, 1829) was an American Army officer, trader, and lecturer. Symmes is best known for his 1818 variant of the Hollow Earth Theory, which introduced the concept of openings to the inner world at the poles. John Cleves Symmes Jr. was born in Sussex County, New Jersey, son of Thomas and Mercy ("née" Harker) Symmes. He was named for his uncle John Cleves Symmes, a delegate to the Continental Congress, a Colonel in the Revolutionary War, Chief Justice of New Jersey, father-in-law of US President William Henry

title: Thomas Mifflin

text: on March 4, 1767. They had no children. Early in the Revolutionary War, Mifflin left the Continental Congress to serve in the Continental Army. He was commissioned as a major, then became an "aide-de-camp" of George Washington. On August 14, 1775, Washington appointed him to become the army's first Quartermaster General, under order of Congress. Although it has been said that he was good at the job despite preferring to be on the front lines, questions were raised regarding his failure to properly supply Washington and the troops at Valley Forge, alleging that he had instead warehoused and sold supplies

title: David Franks (aide-de-camp)

text: David Franks (aide-de-camp) David Salisbury Franks (1740–1793) was aide-de-camp for General Benedict Arnold during the American War of Independence. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he was living in Quebec with his parents when the American Revolution broke out. A Jew, Franks in 1775 was president of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue of Montreal, the oldest Jewish congregation in Canada, but then less than a decade old (Franks' congregation should not be confused with a similarly named congregation in New York). According to the late historian Jacob Rader Marcus, Franks publicly defended the right of a protester to compare King George III

title: Washington's aides-de-camp

text: the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775. He traveled to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and took command of the Siege of Boston on July 3. His headquarters staff initially consisted of his military secretary, Joseph Reed, and one "aide-de-camp", Thomas Mifflin. The responsibilities of the headquarters staff included managing Washington's military correspondence, making copies of each day's General Orders (to be distributed to the commanding officer at each military post), and making copies of individual orders. The 19-year-old artist John Trumbull, who was skilled at drawing maps, was appointed an "aide-de-camp" on July 27, and served three

title: George Baylor

text: George Baylor George Baylor (January 12, 1752 in New Market, Virginia – March 1784 in Bridgetown, Barbados) was an officer in the Continental Army, serving throughout the American Revolution. Baylor was first aide-de-camp to George Washington, and brought the news of the Battle of Trenton to the Continental Congress. He was later appointed to lead the 3rd Regiment of Continental Light Dragoons, which often acted as the escort for Martha Washington. While commanding his Dragoons in September 1778, his forces were attacked on the night of the 28th as they slept in local homes and barns on Overkill Road in

title: Josiah Harmar

text: George Washington and Henry Lee during the war. Harmar was one of the officers of the Continental Army who served under Washington during the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Washington had a high opinion of Harmar during the Revolutionary War, writing that Harmar was one of the "gentlemen...personally known to me as one of the best officers in the Army". By the end of the war, Harmar was serving as adjutant to General Nathanael Greene, who commanded the Continental Army in the South. A lieutenant colonel at its conclusion, he was chosen by Congress in 1784 to relay the

title: George Washington Hockley

text: George Washington Hockley George Washington Hockley (1802 – June 6, 1854) was a Texas revolutionary who served as Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas. Hockley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His parents were Thomas Hockley (1764 to 1805), a Philadelphia merchant, and his wife Mary Wescott (1764 to 1848). In the above-mentioned recollections of Mr. Howard, he states that then-Major Hockley was an executor of his aunt Patience Wescott of Philadelphia; she had owned 32,500 acres of land in Tipton County, Tennessee. Hockley, serving in the Texas Army as a colonel, was in charge of the artillery at

title: American Revolution

title: Jonathan Gostelowe

text: Streets in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He married Mary Duffield at Christ Church, Philadelphia on June 16, 1768. She died on May 13, 1770 at age 26, and was buried in Christ Church Burial Ground. He served in the 4th Artillery Regiment of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, attaining the rank of major. He was paid for supplying drums to the army, possibly items he made himself. In August 1778, he completed an inventory of all arms and materiel held by the Continental Army in southeastern Pennsylvania. This inventory included illustrations of thirteen standards (regimental flags), which may have

title: Alured Clarke

text: Alured Clarke Field Marshal Sir Alured Clarke (24 November 1744 – 16 September 1832) was a British army officer. He took charge of all British troops in Georgia in May 1780 and was then deployed to Philadelphia to supervise the evacuation of British prisoners of war at the closing stages of the American Revolutionary War. He went on to be Governor of Jamaica and then lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada in which role he had responsibility for implementing the Constitutional Act 1791. He was then sent to India where he became Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army, then briefly Governor-General of India

title: David Henley

text: David Henley David Henley (February 5/12, 1748/9 – January 1, 1823) was a Continental Army officer during the American Revolutionary War, who served as George Washington's intelligence officer and prisoner of war commandant. He later served as the Agent for the United States Department of War for the Southwest Territory (later Tennessee) in the 1790s. Henley was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, the eldest child of Samuel and Elizabeth Cheever Henley. On January 8, 1776, he set fire to Charlestown which was occupied by the British. In that same year, he served a brigade-major under General William Heath, and briefly as

title: Joseph Fay (politician)

text: the Battle of Bennington; Fay's brother John was the battle's first casualty. In 1780, Fay was appointed an assistant commissary, responsible for procuring, storing, and transporting food and other supplies for the military. In 1781 and 1782, Fay and Ira Allen negotiated with the British government in Canada on the subject of exchanging British prisoners held in Skenesborough. He was also involved with Ira and Ethan Allen in the Haldimand negotiations, which on the surface involved the government of Vermont possibly joining the British empire, but were likely designed to prevent the British in Canada from invading Vermont during the

title: Elisha Lawrence

text: the Revolutionary War he was appointed by his county brigadier general of the Monmouth militia of the surveyed blazing line when wars loud conflict racked the brain. Now sheltered in the realms divine he treads heavens ever-peaceful plan lead on by softer, mercy’s mildest ray while fellow warriors hail him on his way.” The bottom of the stone reads, “By indulgence of the general’s family, his companions in arms erect this tribute of affection the first day of January 1800.” Elisha Lawrence Elisha Lawrence (1746July 23, 1799) was an American Federalist Party politician, who represented Monmouth County in the New

title: American Revolution

long_answer: Tensions erupted into battle between Patriot militia and British regulars when the king's army attempted to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies at Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. The conflict then developed into a global war, during which the Patriots (and later their French, Spanish, and Dutch allies) fought the British and Loyalists in what became known as the American Revolutionary War (1775–83). Each of the thirteen colonies formed a Provincial Congress that assumed power from the old colonial governments and suppressed Loyalism, and from there they built a Continental Army under the leadership of General George Washington. The Continental Congress determined King George's rule to be tyrannical and infringing the colonists' rights as Englishmen, and they declared the colonies free and independent states on July 2, 1776. The Patriot leadership professed the political philosophies of liberalism and republicanism to reject monarchy and aristocracy, and they proclaimed that all men are created equal.

short_answers:
General George Washington
the king