question: who was the first english child born in north america

answers: Virginia Dare

title: First white child

text: Quebec or before her family arrived on the continent in 1614. Hélène's maternal aunt was the mother of Eustache Martin, born in October 1621 in Quebec to Abraham Martin and Marguerite Langlois. Jonathan Guy, the son of Newfoundland settler Nicholas Guy, was the first child born to Anglophone parents in Canada, and one of the first born in any part of North America within a permanent settlement. He was born on 27 March 1613 in Cuper's Cove, a settlement that has been continuously occupied since 1610 and where his family remained long after his birth At Port Royal, Acadia in

title: European Americans

text: Roanoke Colony, present-day North Carolina was the first English child and girl, in a late 16th-century attempt by Queen Elizabeth I to establish a permanent English settlement in North America. In the 2016 American Community Survey, German Americans (13.9%), Irish Americans (10.0%), English Americans (7.4%), Italian Americans (5.2%), and Polish Americans (3%) were the five largest self-reported European ancestry groups in the United States forming over a third of the total population. However, the English Americans and British Americans demography is considered by some to be under-counted, as the people in that demographic tend to identify themselves simply as Americans

text: due to the almost constant wars with the Native Americans and French in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Her religious take on her experiences was heavily emphasized in her story. Hanson was born Elizabeth Meader, the youngest of four children. Her parents were John Meader Jr. and Sarah Follett. Little is known about her life before captivity other than her wedding date, July 23, 1703, to John Hanson, when she was nineteen. The two had seven children together. Because Elizabeth and her family were Quakers, they refused to take refuge in the garrison when the Abenaki first attacked their area

title: Anne Bradstreet

text: Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet (March 20, 1612 – September 16, 1672), née Dudley, was the most prominent of early English poets of North America and first writer in England's North American colonies to be published. She is the first Puritan figure in American Literature and notable for her large corpus of poetry, as well as personal writings published posthumously. Born to a wealthy Puritan family in Northampton, England, Bradstreet was a well-read scholar especially affected by the works of Du Bartas. A mother of eight children and the wife of a public officer in the New England community, Bradstreet wrote

title: Julia C. R. Dorr

text: (1882), "Bermuda,—an Idyl of the Summer Islands" (1884), and "Afternoon Songs" (1885). Julia Caroline Ripley was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on February 13, 1825. Her mother, Zulma De Lacy Thomas, shared a mingled Huguenot and Catholic descent. Her maternal grandparents were natives of France, who fled to South Carolina from San Domingo at the time of the servile insurrection in that island, near the close of the 18th century. Her father, William Young Ripley, was born in Middlebury, Vermont, the son of one of Vermont's pioneers, and it is through him that she inherited from the first New England

title: Bideford

text: English cleric and jurist lived in the town. Sir John Arundell was born in the town in 1421 - his father John Arundell, knight of the shire for Devon and Cornwall, lived in the town for some time. Sir Richard Grenville was born in Bideford in 1542. His servant Raleigh was one of the first Native Americans to be brought to England. He died in 1589 and is buried in the churchyard of St Mary's church in the town. Richard Vines a colonist was born in the town in 1585. Francis Small, a landowner and trader who immigrated to New

title: Nicholas Guy

text: Nicholas Guy Nicholas Guy (fl. 1612 – 1631) was one of the first settlers at the London and Bristol Company's Cuper's Cove, colony in Newfoundland, and was the father of the first English child born in Newfoundland and subsequently all of the country of Canada. Most likely born in Bristol, England, Nicholas Guy was a member of the first group of settlers to journey to Newfoundland for colonization. In the winter of 1612 - 1613 there were sixty-two people were living in the colony, and during that winter eight deaths were recorded and one birth, a boy born to Nicholas

text: Elizabeth Hanson (captive of Native Americans) Elizabeth Meader Hanson (September 17, 16841737) was a colonial Anglo-American woman from Dover, New Hampshire, who survived Native American Abenaki capture and captivity in the year 1725 alongside four of her children. Five months after capture, a French family ransomed Elizabeth and her two children in Canada. Her husband was then able to secure them and find another daughter before having to return home, leaving the eldest daughter, Sarah, behind. Elizabeth's captivity narrative became popular because of its detailed insights into Native American captivity, which was a threat to the people in New England

title: Charlotte Schreiber

text: of the Red Crosse"), Edmund Spenser ("The Faerie Queene", illustrated 1871), and Elizabeth Barrett Browning ("The Rhyme of the Duchess May", 1874). After a long and successful career in Canada, Schreiber moved back to England in 1898 after the death of her husband, and she died in Paignton, South Devon, England in 1922. Charlotte Schreiber Charlotte Mount Brock Schreiber (21 May 1834 – 3 July 1922) was an English-Canadian painter and illustrator, considered among the first and finest of Canada's female painters. Schreiber, née Morrell, was born in Essex, England. Before marrying and emigrating to Canada in 1875, she studied

title: Elizabeth Key Grinstead

text: Elizabeth Key Grinstead Elizabeth Key Grinstead (1630 – January 20, 1665) was one of the first persons of African ancestry in the North American colonies to sue for freedom from slavery and prevail. Elizabeth Key won her freedom and that of her infant son John Grinstead on July 21, 1656 in the colony of Virginia. Key based her suit on the fact that her father was an Englishman, and that she was a baptized Christian. Based on these two factors, her English attorney and common-law husband William Grinstead argued successfully that she should be freed. The lawsuit was one of

title: First white child

text: celebrated in the British colonies. Peregrine White, born aboard the "Mayflower" at Provincetown Harbor in 1620, was the first Pilgrim birth. Sarah Rapelje, born on June 6, 1625, was the first white child born in New Netherland in what is now New York state. Born in 1659, Kristian Gaapstörm was the first white child born in New Sweden. Hélène Desportes is often cited as the first white child born in New France, in what would later be Canada. She was born probably 1620, to Pierre Desportes and Françoise Langlois, although there is some disagreement about whether she was born in

title: Elizabeth Pabodie

text: Elizabeth Pabodie Elizabeth Pabodie (1623–1717), also known as Elizabeth Alden Pabodie or Elizabeth Peabody, was allegedly the first white child born in New England. Elizabeth Pabodie was born Elizabeth Alden in 1623, the first-born child of the Plymouth Colony settlers John Alden and Priscilla Mullins, who were both passengers on the "Mayflower" in 1620. She married William Pabodie (Peabody), a leader of Duxbury, Massachusetts, on December 26, 1644. All thirteen of their children were born in that settlement before Elisabeth eventually moved to Little Compton, Rhode Island in the 1680s. She died on May 31, 1717 in Little Compton and

title: Tisbury, Wiltshire

text: in 1642 established the first English settlement at Martha's Vineyard in North America, was born in Tisbury. Other people born in Tisbury include the Rev. William Jay (1769-1853, preacher); Etheldred Benett (1776-1845, geologist); Christopher Hinton (1901-1983, nuclear engineer); and Gillian Lewis (stage and television actress). Sir Matthew Arundell of Wardour Castle, a great landowner and a cousin of Queen Elizabeth, was entombed in the parish church in 1598. The churchyard also holds the graves of Rudyard Kipling's parents, John Lockwood Kipling and Alice Kipling (née MacDonald), and contains what is reputed to be the second oldest tree in Great Britain,

title: Henrietta Johnston

text: Henrietta Johnston Henrietta de Beaulieu Dering Johnston (ca. 1674 – March 9, 1729) was a pastelist of uncertain origin active in the English colonies in North America from approximately 1708 until her death. She is both the earliest recorded female artist and the first known pastelist working in the English colonies, and is the first portraitist known to have worked in what would become the southern United States. Both the date and place of Johnston's birth are unknown; it has been suggested, and is generally accepted, that she was born in northwestern France, near the town of Rennes. Her parents,

title: Amy Morris Bradley

text: Durham, North Carolina. Bradley's religious affiliation was an Unitarian. She died in January 1904. She is buried at Oakdale Cemetery in Wilmington, North Carolina. Amy Morris Bradley Amy Morris Bradley (September 12, 1823 – January 15, 1904) was an American educator from the U.S. state of Maine. She established the first English-language school in Central America. She also spent over 30 years establishing free schools in Wilmington, North Carolina. She was born September 12, 1823, in East Vassalboro, Maine. She was a granddaughter of Asa Bradley, a soldier of the American Revolution. When she was six years old, her mother

title: Raleigh (Native American)

text: Raleigh (Native American) Raleigh (died 2 April 1589) was an Native American who was among the first to be brought to England from America in the late 16th-century. Living in the home of Sir Richard Grenville in Bideford in Devon, he was the first Native American to have a Christian conversion and an English burial place. Sir Richard Grenville captured the Roanoke Island Native American Raleigh (named for Grenville's cousin Sir Walter Raleigh) following a skirmish in 1586 and brought him to Bideford. He may have been one of three Native Americans who were captured, remaining in captivity after the

title: William Vassall

text: William Vassall William Vassall (baptized August 27, 1592, Stepney, Middlesex (London), England, died 1656) was an English settler in North America. He was from the educated gentry, and a supporter of freedom of religion. In March 1629 he was recorded in the Charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company as a patentee, along with his brother Samuel. William Vassall was a son of John Vassall and Anne Russell. William Vassall's paternal grandfather John Vassall had been sent to England by his father, who was also named John, to escape persecution in France, as the Vassall family were Huguenots from Normandy in

title: Women in the Catholic Church

text: her piety. St Kateri Tekakwitha was born around 1656 in the Mohawk village of Ossernenon, Canada. Canonised as the first Native American saint in 2012, Takakwitha lived at a time of conflict between the Mohawks and French colonists, lost her family and was scarred by smallpox before converting to Catholicism, leading to persecution from her tribesmen. She became known for her piety and charity and after her death, by 1774, was being written of as the "Protectress of Canada". That same year, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton was born in New York. She would become the first saint born in the

title: Frances Anne Hopkins

text: to record an important aspect of Canadian history. Frances Anne Hopkins was the daughter of Frederick William Beechey, a hydrographer and a Rear Admiral in the Royal Navy, and Charlotte Stapleton. She was born in London, England on 2 February 1838. Hopkins was from an upper-middle-class family. There is a question whether her status had granted her access to education. She came from a family of artists and Arctic explorers. His father Sir Frederick was a water-colourist. Hopkin's aunt Anne Phyllis Beechey who was also known as Lady Beechey was a miniaturist. Her grandfather Sir William Beechey was also a

title: John Rolfe

text: had one child, Jane, who married Robert Bolling in 1675 and had a son, John, in 1676. She died later that same year. John Rolfe John Rolfe (1585–1622) was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia. Rolfe was born in Heacham, Norfolk, England, as the son of John Rolfe and Dorothea Mason, and was baptized on 6 May 1585. At the time, Spain held a virtual monopoly on the lucrative tobacco trade. Most Spanish colonies in the New World

title: Hélène Desportes

text: Hélène Desportes Hélène Desportes is often cited as the first white child born in Canada (New France) 1620 - Jun. 24, 1675. There is considerable disagreement about when she was born and, in particular, if she was born in Quebec or just before she arrived on the continent. Her parents were French habitants Pierre Desportes (1580- after 1629), who was in charge of the warehouse in Quebec as well as the village baker, and his wife Françoise Langlois (c1595- after 1629), who settled in Quebec. Her father was a lawyer in the Parlement de Paris and an investor in the

title: Edward Bennett (colonist)

text: Edward Bennett (colonist) Edward Bennett (1577 – bef. 1651), was a London merchant who established the first large plantation in the United States, luring more than 800 immigrants to the new world. Edward Bennett was born 2 February 1577, the 15th child of Robert Bennett, a tanner and Elizabeth (Adney) Bennett of Wiveliscombe, Somerset. Edward was christened in the Parish Church of Wiveliscombe on 5 June 1577. He became Chief among the Puritans who were among the first to settle in Isle of Wight County, and was elder of the Ancient Church at Amsterdam. The first English plantation in the

title: Mary Campbell (colonial settler)

text: Mary Campbell (colonial settler) Mary Campbell (later Mary Campbell Willford) was an American colonial settler, taken captive as a child by Native Americans during the French and Indian War. Later rescued, she is believed to have been the first white child to travel to the Western Reserve. Campbell was born in 1747 or 1748. According to oral tradition among her descendants, her family identified themselves as Scotch-Irish. Since members of this ethnic group came to America from the Ulster area of Ireland, Campbell would have been born either in Ireland or in America depending on whether her family immigrated before

title: Charlotte Sutherland

text: Charlotte Sutherland Charlotte Sutherland was born at Caron Point, near present-day Bathurst, New Brunswick in 1799, the daughter of James, an English settler. At the age of 20, she travelled overland in mid-winter to Fredericton, a distance of 250 km, to save the family farm from repossession by the province. James Sutherland, an Englishman of Scottish descent, and his wife arrived in Boston around 1786, shortly after the cessation of the American Revolution. He assaulted a Yankee in a heated political discussion between the two, whereupon the other man challenged him to a duel. He accepted, and then won the

title: Virginia Dare

text: Virginia Dare (born August 18, 1587, date of death unknown) was the first English child born in a New World English overseas possession, and was named after the territory of Virginia, her birthplace.  Her parents were Ananias Dare and Eleanor White (also spelled Ellinor or Elyonor).

title: Susanna Cole

text: given administration of her husband's estate, but was deceased by December 1713 when her son William took receipts concerning his parents' estate. Susanna Hutchinson was baptized in Alford, Lincolnshire on 15 November 1633. She was the youngest child of William and Anne Hutchinson to accompany her parents on the voyage from England to New England in 1634. She was the couple's 14th child, of whom 11 survived to make the trip to the New World; a 15th child was born in New England. The family settled in Boston and lived across the street from magistrate John Winthrop, who was a

title: Jonathan Fairbanks

text: The spelling Fairbanks carried on for 15 generations. Jonathan Fairbanks Jonathan Fairbanks (1594 – December 5, 1668) was an English colonist born in Heptonstall, Halifax, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England who immigrated to New England in 1633. Around 1636 Fairbanks built the Fairbanks House in Dedham, Massachusetts which is today the oldest surviving wood framed house in North America. Fairbanks married Grace Smith in Halifax on May 20, 1617. Together they had six children. To celebrate the Fairbanks' 400th wedding anniversary, the Fairbanks Family in America offered half price admission to the house, as well as wedding cake

title: Elizabeth Poole

text: Elizabeth Poole Elizabeth Poole or Pole (25 August 1588 – 21 May 1654) was an English settler in Plymouth Colony who founded the town of Taunton, Massachusetts. She was the first woman known to have founded a town in the Americas. Poole was a well-born woman from Shute in East Devon, near Axminster. She was the daughter of Sir William Pole, who was knighted by James I in 1601, and Mary Peryam, the daughter of Sir William Peryam, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. Until 2009, her family's descendants, the Pole-Carews, lived in the Devonshire house she was born in,

title: Elizabeth Amherst Hale

text: Elizabeth Amherst Hale Elizabeth Frances Amherst Hale (1774 – 18 June 1826) was a Canadian artist living in Lower Canada (later Quebec). The daughter of William Amherst and Elizabeth Patterson, she was born Elizabeth Frances Amherst in England and grew up there. Hale moved to Canada in 1799 when her husband, John Hale, an officer in the British Army, was posted to Quebec City. She is known for her drawings and paintings of landscapes, particularly a watercolour of the new city of York (now Toronto) in 1804. During the War of 1812 she took her children to England to avoid

text: Richard England (British Army officer, born 1793) General Sir Richard England, (1793 – 19 January 1883) was a British Army officer, born at Detroit, which was then part of Upper Canada. During the Napoleonic Wars he saw active service in Walcheren, Sicily, and at Waterloo, before commanding regiments and divisions in the Crimean War and in India. England was the son of Lieutenant General Richard England of Lifford, County Clare, a veteran of the War of American Independence, colonel of the 5th Regiment, lieutenant-governor of Plymouth, and one of the first colonists of Western Upper Canada, by Anne, daughter of

title: Virginia Dare


question: when did the word of wisdom become mandatory

answers: February 1834

title: Word of Wisdom

text: Society general president Emmeline B. Wells drank coffee; and church president George Albert Smith drank brandy for medicinal purposes. In 1921, church president Heber J. Grant made adherence to the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom an absolute requirement for entering the temple. Today, adherence to the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom is required for baptism and for entry into temples of the LDS Church. BYU historian Thomas G. Alexander points out that while the original Word of Wisdom as a "principle with promise" was given by revelation, there is no evidence that any church leader has claimed a

title: Word of Wisdom

text: will not serve the Lord, we will sever them from the Church. I will draw the line, and know who is for the Lord and who is not, and those who will not keep the Word of Wisdom, I will cut off from the Church; I throw out a challenge to all men and women. Though Young encouraged Mormons to follow the Word of Wisdom code, the church was tolerant of those who did not follow it. In 1860, he counseled those chewing tobacco in church meetings to at least be discreet and not excessive, but did not charge users

title: Word of Wisdom

text: tea or coffee. When Joseph F. Smith succeeded Snow as president of the church in 1901, he preached regularly against the "unnecessary destruction of life", and emphasized kindness to animals and the important stewardship humans have toward them . Despite these statements, restricting meat consumption was not made an explicit requirement for worthiness in the LDS Church as the standards for obedience to the Word of Wisdom were made increasingly central to LDS Church doctrine and practice in the early 20th century. The increased emphasis on the Word of Wisdom took place during the presidency of Heber J. Grant, a

title: Temperance movement

text: teachings, namely temperance. The Word of Wisdom is a health code followed by the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and other Latter Day Saint denominations which advises how to maintain good health: what one should do and what one should abstain from. One of the most prominent items in the Word of Wisdom is the complete abstinence from alcohol. When the Word of Wisdom was written, the Latter Day Saints were residing in Kirtland, Ohio and the Kirtland Temperance Society was organized on October 6, 1830 with 239 members. According to some scholars, the Word

title: Word of Wisdom

text: "principle with promise". The promise given to those who followed the advice of the word of wisdom is as follows: And all saints who remember to keep and do these sayings, walking in obedience to the commandments, shall receive health in their navel and marrow to their bones; and shall find wisdom and great treasures of knowledge, even hidden treasures; and shall run and not be weary, and shall walk and not faint. And I, the Lord, give unto them a promise, that the destroying angel shall pass by them, as the children of Israel, and not slay them. Originally,

title: Word of Wisdom

text: except under the care of a competent physician. Although avoiding the prohibitions of the Word of Wisdom is a requirement for admission to LDS Church temples, violation of the Word of Wisdom no longer results in church discipline, as it once did; the church instructs its leaders that church discipline "should not be [used] to discipline or threaten members who do not comply with the Word of Wisdom." LDS Church leaders have counseled church members that they should not have personal interpretations of, or become extreme in their observance of the Word of Wisdom. One church leader specifically warned that

title: Word of Wisdom

text: Word of Wisdom The "Word of Wisdom" is the common name of a section of the Doctrine and Covenants, a book considered by many churches within the Latter Day Saint movement to consist of revelations from God. It is also the name of a health code based on this scripture, practiced most strictly by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and Mormon fundamentalists, and to a lesser extent, some other Latter Day Saint denominations. In the LDS Church, compliance with the Word of Wisdom is currently a prerequisite for baptism, service in full-time missionary work, attendance

title: Word of Wisdom

text: separate new revelation, or even a spiritual confirmation, of changing the Word of Wisdom from "a principle with promise" to a commandment. The church's official statement on the interpretation of the Word of Wisdom is short: it reaffirms the long-standing meaning of "hot drinks" and extends the substances covered by prohibition: The only official interpretation of "hot drinks" (D&C 89:9) in the Word of Wisdom is the statement made by early Church leaders that the term "hot drinks" means tea and coffee. Members should not use any substance that contains illegal drugs. Nor should members use harmful or habit-forming substances

title: Sacrament (LDS Church)

text: from enemies, the church focused on producing its own wine, eventually owning and operating vineyards and wineries in Utah Territory and California during the 19th century. In 1833, Smith received the revelation known as the Word of Wisdom, part of which prohibits the consumption of alcohol, with the exception of sacramental wine. Initially, the Word of Wisdom was treated as a recommendation, and the early Latter Day Saints would still drink alcohol on occasion. During the late-19th century, church leaders began to interpret the Word of Wisdom as a mandatory requirement for members. This increased respect for the Word of

title: Word of Wisdom

text: Joseph F. Smith encouraged stake presidents to be liberal with old men who used tobacco and old ladies who drank tea. Of those who violated the revelation, it was mainly habitual drunkards that were excluded from the temple. Around the turn of the century, the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom were not strictly adhered to by such notable church leaders. Anthon H. Lund, a First Counselor in the First Presidency, drank beer and wine; apostle Matthias F. Cowley drank beer and wine; Charles W. Penrose, who also served as a First Counselor in the First Presidency, drank wine; Relief

title: Word of Wisdom

text: apostles Brigham Young, Jr. and John Henry Smith argued that the revelation did not prohibit beer. However, LDS Church leaders now teach that consumption of any form of alcohol, including beer, violates the Word of Wisdom. In a pamphlet written in 1930 called "The Word of Wisdom", apostle John A. Widtsoe taught that refined flour was contrary to the Word of Wisdom. The church, however, has never prohibited the use of refined flour. Adherence to the proscriptions of the Word of Wisdom was not made a requirement for entry into LDS Church temples until 1902. However, even then, church president

title: Word of Wisdom

text: of Wisdom ... Tea and coffee ... are what the Lord meant when He said "hot drinks". The charge of "not observing the Word of Wisdom" was one of five leveled against David Whitmer on April 13, 1838, which led to his excommunication. Nevertheless, contemporary records indicate that Joseph Smith was not, himself, a strict observer. Smith is recorded at various times as drinking tea, beer, and wine. There is a report he also smoked tobacco: according to Amasa Lyman, a member of the First Presidency under Smith, Smith once finished preaching a sermon on the Word of Wisdom and

title: Word of Wisdom

text: cancers, 64 for cardiovascular diseases, and 66 for all causes." For LDS high priests who exercised, had proper sleep, and never smoked cigarettes, the mortality rate was less. The results were largely duplicated in a separate study of an LDS-like subgroup of white non-smoking churchgoers in Alameda County, California. Word of Wisdom The "Word of Wisdom" is the common name of a section of the Doctrine and Covenants, a book considered by many churches within the Latter Day Saint movement to consist of revelations from God. It is also the name of a health code based on this scripture, practiced

title: Word of Wisdom

text: was first published as a stand-alone broadsheet in December 1833. In 1835, it was included as section 89 in the first edition of the Doctrine and Covenants. The revelation contains four parts: The introduction and explanation as presented by Smith is: A Word of Wisdom, for the benefit of the council of high priests, assembled in Kirtland, and the church, and also the saints in Zion— To be sent greeting; not by commandment or constraint, but by revelation and the word of wisdom, showing forth the order and will of God in the temporal salvation of all saints in the

title: Word of Wisdom

text: as soon as the pipe was out of their mouths a large chew of tobacco would then be taken. Often when the Prophet [Joseph Smith] entered the room to give the school instructions he would find himself in a cloud of tobacco smoke. This, and the complaints of his wife at having to clean so filthy a floor, made the Prophet think upon the matter, and he inquired of the Lord relating to the conduct of the Elders in using tobacco, and the revelation known as the Word of Wisdom was the result of his inquiry. The Word of Wisdom

title: Word of Wisdom

text: forbidden, including beer. The LDS Church currently interprets "hot drinks" to mean coffee and tea. According to Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, the Word of Wisdom was received in 1833 as a revelation from God. After Smith's death, Brigham Young stated that the revelation was given in response to problems encountered while conducting meetings in the Smith family home: When they assembled together in this room after breakfast, the first they did was to light their pipes, and, while smoking, talk about the great things of the kingdom, and spit all over the room, and

title: Word of Wisdom

text: years of age who would covenant to leave off the use of tobacco, whisky, and all things mentioned in the Word of Wisdom, to manifest it in the same manner, which was carried unanimously." The Patriarch then said, may the Lord bless you and help you to keep all your covenants. Amen. President Young amongst other things said he knew the goodness of the people, and the Lord bears with our weakness; we must serve the Lord, and those who go with me will keep the Word of Wisdom, and if the High Priests, the Seventies, the Elders, and others

title: Temperance movement

text: of Wisdom was influenced by the temperance movement. In June 1830, the "Millenial Harbinger" quoted from a book "The Simplicity of Health" which strongly condemned the use of alcohol, tobacco, and the untempered consumption of meat, similar to the provisions in the Word of Wisdom revealed three years later. This gave publicity to the movement and Temperance Societies began to form. On February 1, 1833, a few weeks before the Word of Wisdom came forth, all distilleries in the Kirtland area were shut down. During the early history of the Word of Wisdom, temperance and other items in the health

title: Teachings of Joseph Smith

text: who were disobedient and unrepentant would enter the telestial kingdom. One of his teachings during this era that did not directly relate to his review of the Bible was the Word of Wisdom. Smith taught that the Lord revealed to him an adaptable code of health designed for Latter Day Saints, in which members of the church were asked to abstain from tobacco, coffee, tea, alcohol, and to eat meat with moderation along with fruits and grains. In exchange for doing this, members were promised that they "shall receive health in their navel and marrow to their bones; … [they]

title: Christian views on alcohol

text: [a]lcohol." They base this teaching on the Word of Wisdom, a section in Doctrine and Covenants which is part of the the Church's canon, that recommends against the ordinary use of alcohol, though it makes an exception for the use of wine in the sacrament, their name for the Eucharist. However, the Church now uses water instead of wine in the sacrament, and since 1851, the Word of Wisdom's advice for wise living has been considered "a binding commandment on all Church members." Many Prohibitionist Christians have claimed that the wine Jesus created in John 2 and drank at the

title: Joseph Smith

text: herbs, fruits, grains, a sparing use of meat. It also recommended that Latter Day Saints avoid "strong" alcoholic drinks, tobacco, and "hot drinks" (later interpreted to mean tea and coffee). The Word of Wisdom was not originally framed as a commandment, but a recommendation. As such, Smith and other Latter Day Saints did not strictly follow this counsel, though it later became a requirement in the LDS Church. In 1835, Smith gave the "great revelation" that organized the priesthood into quorums and councils, and functioned as a complex blueprint for church structure. Smith's last revelation, on the "New and Everlasting

title: Word of wisdom

text: Word of wisdom In Christianity, the word of wisdom is a spiritual gift listed in 1 Corinthians 12:8. The function that this gift is given varies. Some Christians see in this gift a prophetic-like function. Others see in the word of wisdom a teaching function. This gift is closely related with the gift of the word of knowledge. Commentators have often placed this gift within the larger context of the biblical wisdom tradition, especially references to God’s secret wisdom in 1 Corinthians 2:6-10 and elsewhere in the letter. The secret wisdom pertains to the Gospel that Paul preached. This wisdom

title: Word of Wisdom

text: again spoke out against the use of cola drinks. Approximately fifty years later, the church issued an official statement which stated: With reference to cola drinks, the Church has never officially taken a position on this matter, but the leaders of the Church have advised, and we do now specifically advise, against the use of any drink containing harmful habit-forming drugs under circumstances that would result in acquiring the habit. Any beverage that contains ingredients harmful to the body should be avoided. Because of such statements, some adherents believe that caffeine is officially prohibited under the Word of Wisdom. In

title: Word of wisdom

text: with Divine persuasiveness, the hidden mysteries and the moral precepts of Christianity". Donald Gee writes: Word of wisdom In Christianity, the word of wisdom is a spiritual gift listed in 1 Corinthians 12:8. The function that this gift is given varies. Some Christians see in this gift a prophetic-like function. Others see in the word of wisdom a teaching function. This gift is closely related with the gift of the word of knowledge. Commentators have often placed this gift within the larger context of the biblical wisdom tradition, especially references to God’s secret wisdom in 1 Corinthians 2:6-10 and elsewhere

title: Word of Wisdom

text: Originally, abiding by the recommendations and prohibitions of the Word of Wisdom was not considered mandatory: it explicitly declares itself to be "not by commandment or constraint". In February 1834, however, Joseph Smith proposed a resolution before the high council of the church that stated, "No official member in this Church is worthy to hold an office after having the word of wisdom properly taught him; and he, the official member, neglecting to comply with and obey it."  This resolution was accepted unanimously by the council.

title: Word of wisdom

text: relates to that which God had previously hidden and destined for the glory of believers. It is a wisdom that speaks of those things that God has prepared for those who love him. These emphases from the broader context of the Corinthian letter could imply that the word of wisdom involves insight into God's plan of salvation and the proclamation of Christ crucified. Commentators have noted both a prophetic and a teaching character to the word of wisdom. Among Pentecostals and charismatics, the gift is often defined as a revelation of the Holy Spirit that applies scriptural wisdom to a

title: Temperance movement

text: Joseph Smith often drank alcohol in his own home or the homes of his friends in Kirtland. In Nauvoo, Illinois Smith was far less discreet with his drinking habits. However, at the end of the nineteenth century, second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Brigham Young said that the Saints could no longer justify disobeying the Word of Wisdom because of the way that it was originally presented. In 1921, Heber J. Grant, then president of the LDS church, officially called on the Latter-day Saints to strictly adhere to the Word of Wisdom, including complete abstinence

title: Word of wisdom

text: specific situation that a Christian community faces. According to Pentecostal theologian Donald Gee, "One is deeply conscious that the supremely right thing has been said and the true course of action indicated. No further appeal is desired because the heart rests in a calm satisfaction that the will of God has been revealed". Some commentators translate the term as "teaching of wisdom" and prefer to focus on the gift's function in teaching the truths of scripture. "The Catholic Encyclopedia" defines it as "the grace of propounding the Faith effectively, of bringing home to the minds and hearts of the listener

title: Wisdom (personification)

text: opening verses and applied to Jesus Christ as the eternal Word (Logos) of God the Father. According to Perkins, in early Gnosticism (1st-2nd century CE) a wisdom tradition developed, in which Jesus' sayings were interpreted as pointers to an esoteric wisdom, in which the soul could be divinized through identification with wisdom. According to Earl Doherty, a prominent proponent of the Christ myth theory, the Q-authors may have regarded themselves as "spokespersons for the Wisdom of God," with Jesus being the embodiment of this Wisdom. In time, the gospel-narrative of this embodiment of Wisdom became interpreted as the literal history

title: Word of Wisdom

text: conference of the church held on September 9, 1851, Young called on the attendees to "leave off the use of" items mentioned in the Word of Wisdom: The Patriarch <nowiki>[</nowiki>John Smith<nowiki>]</nowiki> again rose to speak on the Word of Wisdom, and urging on the brethren to leave off using tobacco, &c. President Young rose to put the motion and called on all the sisters who will leave off the use of tea, coffee, &c., to manifest it by raising the right hand; seconded and carried. And then put the following motion; calling on all the boys who were under ninety

title: Word of Wisdom


question: mount everest is part of what mountain range

answers: Himalayas

title: Timeline of Mount Everest expeditions

text: Timeline of Mount Everest expeditions Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain, with a peak at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) above sea level. It is situated in the Himalayan range. The first British expedition—organized and financed by the newly formed Mount Everest Committee—came under the leadership of Colonel Charles Howard-Bury, with Harold Raeburn as mountaineering leader, and included George Mallory, Guy Bullock, and Edward Oliver Wheeler. It was primarily for mapping and reconnaissance to discover whether a route to the summit could be found from the north side. As the health of Raeburn broke down, Mallory assumed responsibility for most

title: Mountain

text: skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice. All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety. Heights of mountains are typically measured above sea level. Using this metric, Mount Everest is the highest mountain on Earth, at . There are at least 100 mountains with heights of over above sea level, all of which are located in central and southern Asia. The highest mountains above sea level are generally not the highest above the surrounding terrain. There is no precise definition of surrounding base, but Denali, Mount Kilimanjaro and Nanga Parbat are

title: Mount Everest

text: being 29,029, although re-measurement by teams have come up with somewhat varying figures including 29,022 and 29,035. One of the issues is if the height is from the rock summit or includes the ice and snow, which can add a significant amount of height. It is known the height of Everest may be changing due to its position on tectonic plates, which can alternately raise or lower it depending on the type of tectonic event. Another goal in 2018 that many organizations have, is to remove trash from the mountain and nature areas. Nepal honoured several mountain climbers, including those

title: Everest (1998 film)

text: Everest (1998 film) Everest is a 70mm American documentary film, from MacGillivray Freeman Films, about the struggles involved in climbing Mount Everest, the highest mountain peak on Earth, located in the Himalayan region of Nepal. It was released to IMAX theaters in March 1998 and became the highest-grossing film made in the IMAX format. The 45-minute documentary is narrated by Irish actor Liam Neeson and was filmed entirely in IMAX. It includes a description of the training required in order to climb the 29,029 feet to the summit of Mount Everest and the challenges faced during the ascent, such as

title: Kingdom of Nepal

text: by a narrow strip of land about 21 kilometre (13 mi) wide, called the Chicken's Neck. Efforts are underway to make this area a free-trade zone. Situated in the Great Himalayan Range in Northern part of Nepal, Mount Everest has the highest altitude of any mountain in the world. Technically, the south-east ridge on the Nepali side of the mountain is easier to climb, so most climbers travel to Everest through Nepal. The Annapurna mountain range also lies in Nepal. Nepal was divided into 14 zones and 75 districts, grouped into 5 development regions. Each district was headed by a

title: Mount Everest

text: Everest as well. Despite its height above sea level of only , Denali sits atop a sloping plain with elevations from , yielding a height above base in the range of ; a commonly quoted figure is . By comparison, reasonable base elevations for Everest range from on the south side to on the Tibetan Plateau, yielding a height above base in the range of . The summit of Chimborazo in Ecuador is farther from earth's centre () than that of Everest (), because the earth bulges at the equator. This is despite Chimborazo having a peak above sea level

title: Khumbu

text: (11,000 feet) to the 8,848 m (29,029 ft) summit of Mount Everest, the highest place on Earth. The Khumbu region includes both Sagarmatha National Park (above Monju) and the Sagarmatha National Park Buffer Zone, between Lukla and Monju. The Khumbu is a glacier believed to be the result of the last great Ice Age, ~500,000 years ago. Lonely Planet has ranked Khumbu region in sixth best region in the world to travel. Khumbu Khumbu (also known as the Everest Region) is a region of northeastern Nepal on the Nepalese side of Mount Everest. It is part of the Solukhumbu District,

title: Kusum Kanguru

text: village of Thado Koshi. Kusum Kanguru is one of the first high snowy mountains that is seen when trekking from Jiri to Mount Everest base camp. With an altitude of 6,367 metres (6,369m or 6,370m according to other map sources), the mountain is classified as a trekking peak, but it is considered one of the most difficult to climb. Out of twenty two attempts between 1978 and 1998, nine successful expeditions have been reported. After four previously unsuccessful attempts by British, Japanese and two prior New Zealand expeditions, a Japanese expedition led by Ken Kanazawa reached the subsidiary northeast summit

title: Mount Everest

text: forms the base of Mount Everest. It consists of sillimanite-K-feldspar grade schist and gneiss intruded by numerous sills and dikes of leucogranite ranging in thickness from 1 cm to 1,500 m (0.4 in to 4,900 ft). These leucogranites are part of a belt of Late Oligocene–Miocene intrusive rocks known as the Higher Himalayan leucogranite. They formed as the result of partial melting of Paleoproterozoic to Ordovician high-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Higher Himalayan Sequence about 20 to 24 million years ago during the subduction of the Indian Plate. Mount Everest consists of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks that have been faulted

title: Mount Everest

text: Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal). In 2010, an agreement was reached by both sides that the height of Everest is 8,848 m, and Nepal recognizes China's claim that the rock height of Everest is 8,844 m. In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society, upon a recommendation by Andrew Waugh, the British . As there appeared to be several different local names, Waugh chose to name the mountain after his predecessor in the post, Sir George Everest,

title: Mount Everest

text: Indian Ocean to Everest's south side. During the winter the west-southwest flowing jet stream shifts south and blows on the peak. Because Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, it has attracted considerable attention and climbing attempts. A set of climbing routes has been established over several decades of climbing expeditions to the mountain. Whether the mountain was climbed in ancient times is unknown. It may have been climbed in 1924. Everest's first known summitting occurred by 1953, and interest by climbers increased. Despite the effort and attention poured into expeditions, only about 200 people had summitted by

title: David Sharp (mountaineer)

text: with the help of other climbers and supplementary oxygen later in the morning on 15 May 2006, and he subsequently died in Green Boots' Cave. The top of Everest is nearly 9000 m above sea level. The peak was officially recognized in 2010 to be at an elevation of with the usual presence of snow and ice. Above about , which is approaching the cruising altitude of pressurized commercial jetliners, the air pressure is so low that the amount of available oxygen to breathe is less than one-third than at sea level, and there are significantly lower ambient air temperatures.

title: Skiing Everest

text: above 8,000 meters (26,247 ft.) when they skied from the summit of Shisha Pangma in Tibet in 2000, and then challenged the highest slopes in the world on Mount Everest and Cho Oyu. The film follows the Marolts and their childhood friends Jim Gile, and John Callahan, who was an Olympic cross-country skier, on skiing expeditions into the death zone above 26,000 ft., without using bottled oxygen. At the top of the world, they lock into their skis and challenge the most dangerous slopes in the world. "Skiing Everest" also tells the history of high-altitude skiing, dating back to the

title: Summit

text: the quantities, are often considered "subsummits" (or "subpeaks") of the higher peak, and are considered part of the same mountain. A pyramidal peak is an exaggerated form produced by ice erosion of a mountain top. Summit may also refer to the highest point along a line, trail, or route. The highest summit in the world is Everest with height of 8844.43 m above sea level (29,029 ft). The first official ascent was made by Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary. They reached the mountain`s peak in 1953. The UIAA definition is that a summit is independent if it has a

title: Topographic prominence

text: to the summit is the topographic prominence of the summit. The parent peak may be either close or far from the subject peak. The summit of Mount Everest is the parent peak of Aconcagua at a distance of 17,755 km (11,032 miles), as well as the parent of the South Summit of Mount Everest at a distance of 360 m (1200 feet). The key col may also be close or far from the subject peak. The key col for Aconcagua, if sea level is disregarded, is the Bering Strait at a distance of 13,655 km (8,485 miles). The key col

title: Tiger Hill, Darjeeling

text: From Tiger Hill, Mount Everest (8848m) is just visible. Makalu (8481m) looks higher than Mt. Everest, owing to the curvature of the Earth, as it is several miles closer than Everest. The distance in a straight line from Tiger Hill to Everest is . On a clear day, Kurseong is visible to the south and in the distance, along with Teesta River, Mahanada River, Balason River and Mechi River meandering down to the south. Chumal Rhi mountain of Tibet, away, is visible over the Chola Range. Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary is close to Tiger Hill. Chowrasta Darjeeling Mahakal Temple Darjeeling Tiger

title: Solukhumbu District

text: three levels: Mahalangur and other Himalayan mountain ranges are located in this section. This section is located on the northern border with Tibet. Mount Everest (8,848m), Lhotse (8,516m), Makalu (8,485m), Cho Oyu (8,201m), Gyachung Kang (7,952m) etc are some of the world's highest mountains in this range. Khumbu valley is the highland region which is worldwide famous for treking and hiking. Kulung and Sherpa are the main inhabitants in this region. Khumbu Pasanglhamu is the administrative division in this region. It includes the town of Namche Bazaar as well as the villages of Thame, Khumjung, Pangboche, Pheriche and Kunde. The

text: should stand for human freedoms and dignity, to bolster its territorial claim over Tibet." 2008 Summer Olympics summit of Mt. Everest The 2008 Summer Olympics summit of Mt. Everest was the special route of the torch relay as part of the 2008 Summer Olympics taking place in China. Torchbearers reached Mt. Everest at 9.20 in the morning (local time) on May 8, in parallel with the Shenzhen route. Another name for the climb is the Beijing Olympics Torch Relay Qomolangma Leg. The route taking the Olympic torch to the summit of the world's tallest peak was a side spur of

title: Mount Everest

text: per year (upwards) and per year (northeastwards), but another account mentions more lateral movement (), and even shrinkage has been suggested. The summit of Everest is the point at which earth's surface reaches the greatest distance above sea level. Several other mountains are sometimes claimed to be the "tallest mountains on earth". Mauna Kea in Hawaii is tallest when measured from its base; it rises over when measured from its base on the mid-ocean floor, but only attains above sea level. By the same measure of base to summit, Denali, in Alaska, also known as Mount McKinley, is taller than

title: M. Magendran

text: Youth and Sports of Malaysia. Also with their team of ten people was M. Moorthy (Moorthy Maniam), a Malaysian of Indian descent. Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain, with a peak at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) above sea level. Its summit was first achieved in 1953 after numerous failed attempts that began in 1921. The first person to finally set foot on its summit was New Zealander Sir Edmund Hillary, who was accompanied by Tenzing Norgay of Nepal. Both M. Magendran and N. Mohanadas were conferred Datukships by the Penang state government in 2010 for their Himalayan achievement. Both

title: Mount Everest

text: the local Tibetan name. The article argued that British colonialists did not "first discover" the mountain, as it had been known to the Tibetans and mapped by the Chinese as "Qomolangma" since at least 1719. In the early 1960s, the Nepalese government coined a Nepali name for Mount Everest, "Sagarmāthā" or "Sagar-Matha" (सागर-मथ्था, "goddess of the sky"). The height given is officially recognised by Nepal and China, although Nepal plans a new survey. In 1856, Andrew Waugh announced Everest (then known as Peak XV) as high, after several years of calculations based on observations made by the Great Trigonometric Survey.

title: Tomas Olsson

text: photographer Fredrik Schenholm approached Everest from the Tibetan side in Spring 2006. Olsson climbed the mountain from Advanced Base Camp, 6400 meters above sea level, to the summit (8848 m) in a 2 days effort. The route he follows known as the Mallory route normally takes climbers five days to complete. Olsson and Graneheim reached Everest's peak on 16 May 2006. The pair then skied into the North Face by the Norton Couloir, a 55 degree steep and nearly 3000 meter high mountain face. North Col (North Face) Route is one of the most difficult of all the difficult routes

title: Timeline of Mount Everest expeditions

text: the mountain's other side, the North Ridge, where several climbers also died, was detailed in a first hand account by British filmmaker and writer Matt Dickinson in his book "The Other Side of Everest". Vicky Jacks of Balquidder, Scotland, summited Everest in May 2004 aged 51yrs. At the time the oldest woman to have achieved this, and Scotland's first woman climber. Timeline of Mount Everest expeditions Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain, with a peak at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) above sea level. It is situated in the Himalayan range. The first British expedition—organized and financed by the newly

text: 2008 Summer Olympics summit of Mt. Everest The 2008 Summer Olympics summit of Mt. Everest was the special route of the torch relay as part of the 2008 Summer Olympics taking place in China. Torchbearers reached Mt. Everest at 9.20 in the morning (local time) on May 8, in parallel with the Shenzhen route. Another name for the climb is the Beijing Olympics Torch Relay Qomolangma Leg. The route taking the Olympic torch to the summit of the world's tallest peak was a side spur of the main relay, whilst the main relay continued elsewhere in China. It was the

title: Mount Everest

text: Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.  The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.

title: Mount Everest

text: plastic 50-gallon barrels fitted with a toilet seat and enclosed. The problem of human waste is compounded by the presence of more anodyne waste: spent oxygen tanks, abandoned tents, empty cans and bottles. The Nepalese government now requires each climber to pack out eight kilograms of waste when descending the mountain. Nearby peaks include Lhotse, ; Nuptse, , and Changtse, among others. Another nearby peak is Khumbutse, and many of the highest mountains in the world are near Mount Everest. On the southwest side, a major feature in the lower areas is the Khumbu icefall and glacier, a famous obstacle

title: Mount Everest

text: by both the 1999 and 2005 surveys. A detailed photogrammetric map (at a scale of 1:50,000) of the Khumbu region, including the south side of Mount Everest, was made by Erwin Schneider as part of the 1955 International Himalayan Expedition, which also attempted Lhotse. An even more detailed topographic map of the Everest area was made in the late-1980s under the direction of Bradford Washburn, using extensive aerial photography. On 9 October 2005, after several months of measurement and calculation, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announced the height of Everest as with

title: Mount Everest

text: about below the summit of Mount Everest, consists of sediments trapped, bound, and cemented by the biofilms of micro-organisms, especially cyanobacteria, in shallow marine waters. The Qomolangma Formation is broken up by several high-angle faults that terminate at the low angle normal fault, the Qomolangma Detachment. This detachment separates it from the underlying Yellow Band. The lower five metres of the Qomolangma Formation overlying this detachment are very highly deformed. The bulk of Mount Everest, between , consists of the North Col Formation, of which the Yellow Band forms its upper part between . The Yellow Band consists of intercalated

title: 1996 Indo-Tibetan Border Police expedition to Mount Everest

text: m (500 ft) short of the topmost point. This is based on the interview given by a later Japanese team to Richard Cowpens of the London "Financial Express". Due to bad visibility and thick clouds which obscured the summit, the climbers believed they had reached the top. This also explains why the climbers did not run into the teams that summitted from the South Side. The three climbers left an offering of prayer flags, katas, and pitons. Samanla, the summit team leader, decided to spend extra time for religious ceremonies and instructed the other two climbers to begin their descent.

title: Mount Everest webcam

text: Mount Everest webcam The Mount Everest webcam was a camera located on Kala Patthar, a mountain in the Nepalese Himalaya, at an altitude of . The webcam captured video footage of the summit of Mount Everest and was the highest webcam in the world. It was installed by Italian scientists as part of the Everest Share 2011 research project by the Nepalese Ev-K2-CNR team, which was intended to gather information regarding climate change by working together with the Everest weather station. As of 2018, the camera is no longer operating. The camera was an M12-type model made by the German-based

title: Mount Everest


question: who is the president of the republic of zambia

answers: Edgar Lungu

title: Elijah Mudenda

text: Elijah Mudenda Elijah Haatuakali Kaiba Mudenda (6 June 1927 – 2 November 2008) was a Zambian politician. He served as the 2nd Prime Minister of Zambia from 27 May 1975 to 20 July 1977. Mudenda was born in Macha, in the Choma District of Southern Province. He attended primary school at Macha Central and did his upper standards at Sikalongo Boys School. He then attended Munali Secondary School, Makerere University and the University of Fort Hare in South Africa where he earned a master's degree. He later obtained a BSc in agriculture at Peterhouse, University of Cambridge, UK. On returning

title: Kalusha Bwalya

text: of 2006, Bwalya resigned from his position as the Zambia coach but having served as vice president of the Football Association of Zambia until 2008, he was voted in to be president as of 2008. This was as a result of pressure from members of the Football Association of Zambia as well as the media. On 23 February 2008, he was elected into the CAF Executive Committee. Kalusha Bwalya Kalusha Bwalya (Great Kalu) is a Zambian former international footballer. He is Zambia's eighth-most capped player and third on the list of all-time top goalscorers behind Godfrey Chitalu and Alex Chola.

text: Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia The Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia is a position established under Article 69(1) of the constitution. The Speaker is elected by members of the Assembly from anyone eligible to be elected to the National Assembly, but cannot be a sitting member. The post of Speaker was first created on 10 November 1948 when the Governor appointed Thomas Spurgeon Page to preside over the Legislative Council following the 1948 general elections. Previously the Governor had also held the position of the President of the Legislative Council. The Speakers of the Legislative Council

title: Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika

text: President of Zambia in the elections of 2001, capturing about 0.6 percent of the vote under the Agenda for Zambia (AZ) banner. After the election she became Ambassador and Special Envoy for, Levy Mwanawasa, the new Zambian President when he was Chairman of the African Union. She was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by her alma mater, California Polytechnic State University, in 2009. She is the daughter of King Lewanika II of Barotseland. Her brother, Akashambatwa Mbikusita-Lewanika, is also a politician. She is married and has two daughters. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika Her Excellency Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika (born 10

title: Vice-President of Zambia

text: Vice-President of Zambia The Vice-President of Zambia is the second highest position in the executive branch of the Republic of Zambia. The Vice-President was previously appointed by the President before the amendment of the Constitution. Under the amended Constitution, when a sitting President dies, resigns or is removed from office, the Vice-President automatically assumes the presidency, unlike when the Constitution demanded holding of presidential by-election within 90 days. This is so because now every presidential candidate shall pick a running mate for Vice-President and the two will share the vote meaning voting for a President is an automatic vote for

title: Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba

text: in the August 2016 presidential election. Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba (born 15 March 1959) is a Zambian businessman and politician who is currently vice president of the United Party for National Development (UPND) and Member of Parliament for Kasama District in the Northern Province of Zambia. Under the Patriotic Front government of President Michael Sata, he served as Minister of Defence from 2011 to 2013. Mwamba was expelled from the ruling PF in February 2014. On 23 July 2015, he endorsed the main opposition party, the UPND. On 3 June 2016 he successfullapers to stand as the running

title: Vice-President of Zambia

text: the Vice-President. The Vice-President also heads the Office of the Vice-President, a government ministry. Vice-President of Zambia The Vice-President of Zambia is the second highest position in the executive branch of the Republic of Zambia. The Vice-President was previously appointed by the President before the amendment of the Constitution. Under the amended Constitution, when a sitting President dies, resigns or is removed from office, the Vice-President automatically assumes the presidency, unlike when the Constitution demanded holding of presidential by-election within 90 days. This is so because now every presidential candidate shall pick a running mate for Vice-President and the two

title: Rupiah Banda

text: Rupiah Banda Rupiah Bwezani Banda (born 13 February 1937) is a Zambian politician who was President of Zambia from 2008 to 2011. During the Presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, Banda held important diplomatic posts and was active in politics as a member of the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Years later, he was appointed as Vice-President by President Levy Mwanawasa in October 2006, following the latter's re-election. He took over Mwanawasa's presidential responsibilities after Mwanawasa suffered a stroke in June 2008, and following Mwanawasa's death in August 2008, he became acting President. As the candidate of the governing Movement for Multiparty

title: Fwanyanga Mulikita

text: children and owned a farm at Chilanga. Fwanyanga Mulikita Fwanyanga Matale Mulikita (24 November 1928 – 2 September 1998) was a Zambian politician. He held several ministerial positions during the late 1960s and 1970s, and was later Speaker of the National Assembly Mulikita was born in Sefula in the Barotseland region of Northern Rhodesia in 1928. He attended Barotseland National School for his primary education, before moving onto Munali Secondary School in Lusaka. He then attended the University of Fort Hare in South Africa, earning a BA. After obtaining a scholarship, he studied at Stanford and Columbia University in the

title: Levy Mwanawasa

text: Levy Mwanawasa Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (3 September 1948 – 19 August 2008) was the third Republican President of Zambia. He ruled the country from January 2002 until his death in August 2008. Mwanawasa is credited for having initiated a campaign to rid the corruption situation in Zambia during his term. Prior to Mwanwasa's election, he served as vice-president from 1992 to 1994 whilst an elected Member of Parliament of Chifubu Constituency. Mwanawasa was born in Mufulira, Northern Rhodesia, as the second of 10 children. He held a law degree from the University of Zambia. He worked in private law firms

title: Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba

text: Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba (born 15 March 1959) is a Zambian businessman and politician who is currently vice president of the United Party for National Development (UPND) and Member of Parliament for Kasama District in the Northern Province of Zambia. Under the Patriotic Front government of President Michael Sata, he served as Minister of Defence from 2011 to 2013. Mwamba was expelled from the ruling PF in February 2014. On 23 July 2015, he endorsed the main opposition party, the UPND. On 3 June 2016 he successfullapers to stand as the running mate of UPND candidate Hakainde Hichilema

title: Benjamin Mwila

text: a member of the Movement for Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), whose other members included Frederick Chiluba. Chiluba was elected President of Zambia in 1991. Mwila was also elected to the National Assembly as an MP from the Luanshya constituency in the 1991 general election. President Chiluba appointed Benjamin Mwila as a member of his cabinet. He served as Minister of Defence from 1991 to 1997, and he also served for a time as Minister of Energy and Water Development. Mwila left the MMD in 2000 after being criticized by fellow party members for considering a presidential candidacy. He founded

title: Inonge Wina

text: Inonge Wina Inonge Mutukwa Wina (born April 2, 1941) is a Zambian politician who has been Vice President of Zambia since 2015. She is the first woman to hold the position, making her the highest ranking woman in the history of the Zambian government. Wina attended primary school in Senanga, at the Barotse National School (now Kambule Secondary School) in Mongu. She eventually completed her high school education at Santa Monica High School in Los Angeles, California. She obtained a diploma in social work at Santa Monica City College. She also obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University

title: Andrew Kamanga

text: Andrew Kamanga Andrew Ndanga Kamanga (born 21 December 1966) is a Zambian football administrator and current president of the Football Association of Zambia (FAZ). Previously, he was chairman of Kabwe Warriors F.C. and was elected president during the 2016 FAZ Annual General Meeting replacing Kalusha Bwalya on 19 March 2016. Kamanga was born in Kabwe and attended Kalonga Secondary School, where he played football for the school team as a right winger and harboured ambitions of emulating his heroes by playing for Kabwe Warriors but his father advised him to concentrate on school instead. Upon completion of his secondary school

title: Tilyenji Kaunda

text: Tilyenji Kaunda Tilyenji Kaunda (born 1954) is a Zambian politician who is the President of the United National Independence Party (UNIP). He became party leader in 2001, succeeding Francis Nkhoma. His father, former Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, was the President of UNIP from 1960 to 2000. Kaunda stood as a candidate for the office of President of Zambia in the 2001 general election. In 2006, he served as chairman of the short-lived United Democratic Alliance (UDA), which floated Hakainde Hichilema as a coalition candidate for president. Kaunda and the UNIP backed MMD candidate Rupiah Banda for the presidency in the

title: Frederick Chiluba

text: Frederick Chiluba Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (April 30, 1943 – June 18, 2011) was a Zambian politician who was the second President of Zambia from 1991 to 2002. Chiluba, a trade union leader, won the country's multi-party presidential election in 1991 as the candidate of the Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD), defeating long-time President Kenneth Kaunda. He was re-elected in 1996. As he was unable to run for a third term in 2001, former Vice President Levy Mwanawasa instead ran as the MMD candidate and succeeded him. After leaving office, Chiluba was the subject of a long investigation and trial

title: Linda Kasonde

text: Linda Kasonde Linda Kasonde is a Zambian legal practitioner and partner at Mulenga Mundashi Kasonde Legal Practitioners. She rose to prominence as the first elected female President of the Law Association of Zambia (LAZ) and for her advocacy of human rights. Linda Kasonde was born in Lusaka, Zambia on 12 October 1978 to businessman Joseph Mutale Kasonde and a doctor Dorothy Kalangu Kasonde. Kasonde obtained her LLB Law Degree from Leicester University in England in the year 2000. Thereafter, she was admitted to the Zambian Bar in 2001. She obtained her commercially biased Masters in Law (LLM) in 2007 from

title: Patrick Matibini

text: opposition candidate Richard Kapita received 77 votes. Matibini was subsequently installed as President of the National Assembly. He succeeded Amusaa Mwanamwambwa. Matibini is married. Patrick Matibini Patrick Matibini (born 20 July 1959) is a Zambian politician, lawyer and former judge. He has been Speaker of the National Assembly since 6 October 2011. Matibini was born on 20 July 1959. He studied at the University of Zambia, where he obtained both a Bachelor and master's degree in Law and subsequently a PhD. Matibini has worked as a law professor at the university since 1993. He is a lawyer by profession. In

title: Joyce Nonde-Simukoko

text: Joyce Nonde-Simukoko Joyce Nonde-Simukoko a Zambian politician. She is the Minister of Labour and Social Security in the Cabinet of Zambia. She was appointed to that position by Edgar Chagwa Lungu, the president of Zambia, on 15 September 2016. In the past, she served as the president of the Federation of Free Trade Unions of Zambia (FFTUZ). Immediately before her cabinet appointment, she served at the chairperson for Labour and Social Security in the Patriotic Front (Zambia) political party. In September 2016, she was appointed minister of Labour and Social Security in the Cabinet of Zambia and nominated as Member

title: Michael Sata

text: Michael Sata Michael Charles Chilufya Sata (6 July 1937 – 28 October 2014) was a Zambian politician who was the fifth President of Zambia, from 23 September 2011 until his death on 28 October 2014. A social democrat, he led the Patriotic Front (PF), a major political party in Zambia. Under President Frederick Chiluba, Sata was a minister during the 1990s as part of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) government; he went into opposition in 2001, forming the PF. As an opposition leader, Sata – popularly known as "King Cobra" – emerged as the leading opposition presidential contender and

title: Guy Scott

text: Scott married his wife, British-born doctor Charlotte Harland Scott, in a ceremony at the Lusaka Civic Centre in 1994. They currently reside in Lusaka. Guy Scott Guy Lindsay Scott (born 1 June 1944) is a Zambian politician who was the acting President of Zambia between October 2014 and January 2015 and as the 12th Vice-President of Zambia from 2011 to 2014. Scott was named acting President upon Michael Sata's death in office on 28 October 2014. He was the first white president of Zambia and the first white president in sub-Saharan Africa since F. W. de Klerk, South Africa's last

title: Alexander Chikwanda

text: of the National Assembly again after being nominated by President Michael Sata. He was an uncle of the former President Michael Sata. Alexander Chikwanda Alexander Bwalya Chikwanda (born 24 December 1938) is a Zambian politician. He was a member of the National Assembly during the 1960s and again in the 2010s, also serving as Minister of Finance from October 2011 to September 2016. He studied economics at Lund University in Sweden. In the 1964 general elections he was elected to the Legislative Council in the Kitwe North constituency, but later gave up his seat so that it could be contested

title: 2008 Zambian presidential election

text: 2008 Zambian presidential election Presidential elections were held in Zambia on 30 October 2008 following the death of the incumbent President Levy Mwanawasa on 19 August 2008, as the elections had to be called within 90 days of his death. It was expected that there would be internal problems within the ruling Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) as Mwanawasa had not declared a successor prior to his death, but Acting President Rupiah Banda was selected as the MMD's candidate without apparent problems. Michael Sata stood as the candidate of the Patriotic Front (PF), while Hakainde Hichilema stood as the candidate

title: Rupiah Banda

text: immunity removed. This was due to accusations of abuse of authority, corruption and the misappropriation of oil revenue. Rupiah Banda Rupiah Bwezani Banda (born 13 February 1937) is a Zambian politician who was President of Zambia from 2008 to 2011. During the Presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, Banda held important diplomatic posts and was active in politics as a member of the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Years later, he was appointed as Vice-President by President Levy Mwanawasa in October 2006, following the latter's re-election. He took over Mwanawasa's presidential responsibilities after Mwanawasa suffered a stroke in June 2008, and following

title: List of Presidents of Zambia

text: The President of Zambia is the head of state and the head of government of Zambia. The office was first held by Kenneth Kaunda following independence in 1964. Since 1991, when Kaunda left the Presidency, the office has been held by five others: Frederick Chiluba, Levy Mwanawasa, Rupiah Banda, Michael Sata, and current President Edgar Lungu.  In addition, Acting President Guy Scott served in an interim capacity after the death of President Michael Sata.

title: Patrick Matibini

text: Patrick Matibini Patrick Matibini (born 20 July 1959) is a Zambian politician, lawyer and former judge. He has been Speaker of the National Assembly since 6 October 2011. Matibini was born on 20 July 1959. He studied at the University of Zambia, where he obtained both a Bachelor and master's degree in Law and subsequently a PhD. Matibini has worked as a law professor at the university since 1993. He is a lawyer by profession. In 2002 Matibini worked with the Zambia Independent Media Association to draft three bills for the National Assembly, these being the Freedom of Information Bill,

title: Chileshe Kapwepwe

text: Chileshe Kapwepwe Chileshe Mpundu Kapwepwe, is a Zambian accountant and corporate executive, who serves as the Secretary General of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), effective 18 July 2018. She was elected at the 20th Heads of State COMESA summit in Lusaka, Zambia's capital city. Immediately prior to her current assignment, she was the chairperson of "Zambia Revenue Authority". She replaces Sindiso Ngwenya, from Zimbabwe, whose two consecutive terms in office, had expired. Chileshe Mpundu Kapwepwe was born in Zambia on 10 July 1958. She has a twin sister, Mulenga Mpundu Kapwepwe, who is an author and

title: Zambia

text: Sata, until Sata died on 28 October 2014. After Sata's death, Vice President Guy Scott, a Zambian of Scottish descent, became acting President of Zambia. On 24 January 2015 it was announced that Edgar Chagwa Lungu had won the election to become the 6th President in a tightly contested race. He won 48.33% of the vote, a lead of 1.66% over his closest rival, Hakainde Hichilema, with 46.67%. 9 other candidates all got less than 1% each. After independence in 1964 the foreign relations of Zambia were mostly focused on supporting liberation movements in other countries in Southern Africa, such

title: Guy Scott

text: Guy Scott Guy Lindsay Scott (born 1 June 1944) is a Zambian politician who was the acting President of Zambia between October 2014 and January 2015 and as the 12th Vice-President of Zambia from 2011 to 2014. Scott was named acting President upon Michael Sata's death in office on 28 October 2014. He was the first white president of Zambia and the first white president in sub-Saharan Africa since F. W. de Klerk, South Africa's last apartheid-era president, left office in 1994. Guy Lindsay Scott was born on 1 June 1944 in the border city of Livingstone, the pre-1935 capital

title: Ali Simbule

text: Thus, the two critics of British policy within the Commonwealth of Nations in southern Africa were pushed into the defensive .On January 26, 1971, Simbule declared that the words of the first Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda were considered the joke of the day. In 1980, Simbule was sentenced to 18 months of hard labor for illegal possession of emeralds. Ali Simbule Ali Simbule is a former Zambian politician and diplomat. Simbule was born in 1935. He studied at the University of Oxford. On January 7, 1965 he was accredited as a High Commissioner in Daressalam. In April 1966 the British

title: List of Presidents of Zambia


question: where was the salvation army's christmas collection kettle first introduced

answers: San Francisco

answers: in San Francisco

title: The Salvation Army

text: in some places, gold coins or rings or bundles of large bills are anonymously inserted into the kettles. This was first recorded in 1982, in Crystal Lake, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. The red kettles are not only used during the Christmas season though. They are used throughout the year at other fundraising events, such as on National Doughnut Day in the U.S. On this day, some donut shops that teamed up with the Salvation Army have a red kettle set up for donations. Each corps has a specific goal chosen for them by DHQ [Divisional Headquarters] which differs based

title: Christmas Kettle

text: Lake, Illinois in 1982. Since this drop, many others have taken to dropping not only gold coins, but also other bullion and rare coins, gold medals, jewelry, and large checks. The anonymous donations have included: Christmas Kettle The Christmas Kettle (also referred to as the Red Kettle due to its color) is The Salvation Army's most famous street campaign. It is most recognized during the Christmas season through its volunteers who stand outside of businesses and play or sing Christmas carols, or ring bells to inspire passersby to place donations of cash and checks inside the trademark red kettles. A

title: Salvation Army bonnet

text: created by the studio of Caroline Reboux for spring 1938. This was part of a Victorian and Edwardian revival in fashion that the newspaper described as dominating fashion during winter 1938. Salvation Army bonnet The Salvation Army bonnet was a millinery design worn by female members of the Salvation Army. It was introduced in 1880 in the UK and was worn as headgear by most female officers in western countries. It began to be phased out from the late 1970s. The Salvation Army bonnet was first seen on Wednesday 16 June 1880 at William and Catherine Booth's silver wedding anniversary

title: Christmas Kettle

text: Christmas music, and Credit Card capabilities. Since 1997, the Christmas kettle campaign is traditionally kicked off during the halftime of the Dallas Cowboys Thanksgiving Day football game. An oversized kettle sits just outside the playing field, which has on at least four occasions been featured after touchdown celebrations: A tradition has developed in the United States where, in some places, gold coins are anonymously inserted into the kettles in which the bell ringers collect donations. The tradition appears to have started in the Midwest when the first known drop of a gold coin was put into a kettle in Crystal

title: Salvation Army bonnet

text: Salvation Army bonnet The Salvation Army bonnet was a millinery design worn by female members of the Salvation Army. It was introduced in 1880 in the UK and was worn as headgear by most female officers in western countries. It began to be phased out from the late 1970s. The Salvation Army bonnet was first seen on Wednesday 16 June 1880 at William and Catherine Booth's silver wedding anniversary celebration in Whitechapel, London. Its design was due, in part, to the fact that one of the cadets training at the Salvation Army's Hackney college in 1880 was a milliner from

title: Merry Hell

text: Merry Hell Merry Hell is an English folk rock band from Wigan, Greater Manchester, formed in 2010. The core members of the band include the three Kettle brothers, who were previously members of The Tansads. Guitarist and songwriter John Kettle and his brothers, mandolin player Bob and vocalist Andrew were members of the 1990s folk rock band The Tansads. In 2010, over a decade since they last performed together, former members of the band reunited for a series of concerts in St Helens. Following the successful gigs, some of the musicians involved, including the three brothers, decided to continue as

title: Salvation Army bonnet

text: Barnsley called Annie E. Lockwood. She trimmed a bonnet chosen from straw designs supplied by local companies – initially the ribbon chosen was blue, but later this would become black. In design, it was similar to the poke bonnet that had been popularly worn by women earlier in the century. In 1881, the Salvation Army published some general rules prohibiting alteration of the distinctive bonnet. This was among the more identifiable parts of the uniform as the guidance at this time was simply to wear modest clothing suitable for a military organisation. The design also became popularly known as the

title: Design For All (product line)

text: were household items, the first and most notable of which was a tea kettle that bore a close resemblance to a well-known kettle Graves designed for Alessi in 1985. The Target version of the tea kettle offered a similar design at a more affordable price. At the same time the Michael Graves products were released, Target also introduced a new line of clothing by Mossimo, as well as a line of cosmetics by Sonia Kashuk, expanding their designer partnerships throughout the departments within their discount stores. Although other discount retailers like K-Mart had collaborated with celebrities in the past, the

title: The Johnston Collection

text: and/or the story of Christmas itself. The Johnston Collection The Johnston Collection is a museum of fine and decorative art in East Melbourne, Victoria. The museum complex incorporates the house museum, "Fairhall", as well as a gallery and reference library. The WR Johnston Trust was founded in 1986 as the result of a bequest by the late William Robert Johnston, a prominent 20th century antiques dealer and collector of Georgian, Regency and Louis XV furniture, 18th and 19th century porcelain, and paintings ranging from the 16th–19th centuries. The Collection, which first opened in 1990, as part of the Spoleto Festival

title: Kettledrum (horse)

text: refurbished in early 2014, a couple visiting the UK from Australia donated an unusual memento to the owners in the shape of a silver-mounted ink-well fashioned from a horse's hoof. They claimed that the hoof was actually taken from Kettledrum after his death, and the underside of this somewhat grisly item does indeed have "Kettledrum 1861" scratched into it. However, there is absolutely no provenance for this item and many feel that the hoof and the attached shoe are too small to be that of a racehorse. Writing under the pseudonym "Kettledrum" named after the Derby winner, Edward Hulton was

title: Peter Russell (fashion designer)

text: the 1948 edition of "Shopping" placed his background in rural Norfolk and revealed he had served in the Royal Field Artillery in World War I before being injured. The article also stated that he first developed his design skills while working in Malaysia, initially by assisting the wife of a fellow rubber planter in creating a gown for the government house ball. Researchers for the Victoria and Albert Museum have confirmed much of the above, and clarified that Russell was born Thomas Christmas Russell in Cawston, Norfolk in 1886, Russell moved to Canada in 1909 where he worked as a

title: John Aiken Carleton

text: the supervision of the Trade Department, which Carleton was part of, a repair shop was opened in the basement of the Salvation Army International Headquarters in 1889 in Southwark Street but was quickly relocated in 1890 to Clerkenwell Road, London. By 1893 the Salvation Army was making their own instruments. As their production expanded, they relocated to Fortress Road, London in 1896 and then opened a factory in St Albans in 1901. In 1972 the factory was bought by Boosey & Hawkes. In August, 1886, William Booth delivered a challenge at London’s Exeter Hall, encouraging support so that the Salvation

title: Brian Kettle

text: Brian Kettle Brian Kettle (born April 22, 1956 in Prescot) is an English former footballer who played as a left-back. Kettle began his career with Liverpool, signing professional forms in 1973. He was to remain at Anfield for seven years, but could never rise above reserve level. He was very successful in the reserve team, however, captaining the side for many years, as it won five Central League titles, and three Liverpool Senior Cups. He could never break into the first-team, however, only making four appearances before departing in 1980. He then signed for Wigan Athletic, but was released after

title: Tom Kettle

text: on active service, until, with his health somewhat improved, he received a commission into the 9th Battalion of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, amidst the 16th (Irish) Division, which in early 1916 he went to France with, becoming a friend of Emmet Dalton who was serving at the front in the same battalion. The conditions in the trenches of the Western Front broke his health again, and he returned to Dublin shortly after the failure of the abortive Fenian Revolution on sick leave, seeing the wreckage of the city's centre caused by the fighting that had occurred there. He was also

title: Williams & Kettle

text: Napier shipping agency. His new partnership with F W Williams was reported in the local newspaper beside the account of his colleagues' presentation on his departure on 28 July 1885. Kettle was a son of surveyor Charles Kettle and his wife, Lena, was the only daughter of Major Von Tempsky. They had married in 1880. The close relationship with Nelson Brothers would last until soon after the First World War when it was sold to W & R Fletcher, the local subsidiary of Vestey Brothers. F W Williams & Kettle advertised they were willing to make "liberal cash advances" on

title: Williams & Kettle

text: Kettle was bought by Wrightson in early 2005 following their bidding war with rivals Fonterra and Pyne Gould Guinness. At that time Williams & Kettle operated through 35 branches mainly spread throughout the east coast and centre of the North Island. The Williams & Kettle brand began leaving buildings, vehicles and staff uniforms in late 2008. Williams & Kettle Williams & Kettle Limited with headquarters in Napier, New Zealand owned a stock and station agency business and a general merchants business with branches throughout the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Incorporated as a co-operative in 1891,

title: Jim Ede

text: 'open house', giving personal tours of the collection to students from the University of Cambridge over afternoon tea. Students could also borrow paintings from his collection to hang in their rooms during term-time. In 1966, Ede gave the house and collection to the University, establishing Kettle's Yard art gallery. Ede continued to live at Kettle's Yard until 1973, and then moved to Edinburgh where he lived out his retirement. Savage Messiah (1972 film) Jim Ede Harold Stanley Ede (7 April 1895 – 15 March 1990), also known as Jim Ede, was a British collector of art and friend to artists.

title: Brian Kettle

text: with his resignation in March 1995 citing personal reasons with Billy Ayre appointed to oversee and cement the third-place finish. Brian Kettle Brian Kettle (born April 22, 1956 in Prescot) is an English former footballer who played as a left-back. Kettle began his career with Liverpool, signing professional forms in 1973. He was to remain at Anfield for seven years, but could never rise above reserve level. He was very successful in the reserve team, however, captaining the side for many years, as it won five Central League titles, and three Liverpool Senior Cups. He could never break into the

title: The Singing Kettle

text: worked as a backing vocalist on some of The Singing Kettle's LP's and albums before joining the group as a front in 1995. She left the band after the "Winter Wonderland Tour" in 2002 to join Motormark and is now in FANGS. Kevin Macleod (born 9 March 1969) worked as The Singing Kettle's stage manager for years before joining the group. McLeod first appeared in the 2001 Christmas tour 'Winter Wonderland' and can be heard on the cassette. This was a cross-over show, that also featured Jane prior to her departure. This was the only time there were 5 members

title: John Kettley

text: John Kettley John Graham Kettley (born 11 July 1952 in Halifax, West Yorkshire) is an English freelance weatherman. Brought up on "Commercial Street" and educated at Todmorden Grammar School (now called Todmorden High School) on "Ferney Lee Road" in Todmorden, he played cricket for Burnley and Todmorden. A geography teacher at his school sparked his interest in weather forecasting. He started Geography A-level, but never took the exam. He worked at the meteorological office at Manchester Airport for two years from 1970 before studying applied health and social care at what is now Coventry University, where he met his wife.

title: The Spirit of Christmas 1995

text: department store, wished to continue their philanthropic support in the community, "whilst at the same time providing something special for everyone to enjoy". They choose the Salvation Army's Red Shield Appeal for at-risk children and youth throughout the country as the recipients. Session and touring musician, Lindsay Field was appointed the executive producer and compiler. Field contacted various fellow Australian musicians – including those he had worked with personally – to donate a track for the compilation, most commonly a new rendition of a standard Christmas carol. Together with Glenn Wheatley (former member of The Masters Apprentices and manager of

title: Digger Kettle

text: Digger Kettle Albert Henry "Digger" Kettle (3 June 1922 – 1 March 1999) was a footballer who played for Colchester United. Born in Colchester, Kettle served in the Royal Air Force in Rhodesia and Italy during World War II. After playing for Stanway Rovers, Chapel and Wakes Colne and Arclight Sports as a teenager, he signed for Colchester United in 1946. Remaining part-time, he played as a full-back for Colchester in the Southern League and Football League whilst continuing to work for Woods, a fan manufacturer in Colchester. After 23 appearances in the Football League, Kettle signed for Sudbury Town

title: The Singing Kettle

text: The Singing Kettle The Singing Kettle were a Scottish folk music and entertainment group who performed traditional children's songs, along with live theatre performances. Originally from the village of Kingskettle in Fife, they were formed by established folk singers Cilla Fisher and Artie Trezise, eventually being joined by musician Gary Coupland. In 2012, founding members Fisher and Trezise retired from performing with the group, and three years later in 2015 the group performed their last live shows. The group were awarded a BAFTA for best children's TV programme and Fisher, Trezise and Coupland were made MBEs for their services to

title: Byers' Choice

text: expanded their line of products to include a variety of other holidays, themes, and styles including many spring and autumn pieces themed around Easter, Halloween, and Thanksgiving. The company has also created a number of specialty pieces based on classic stories including Charles Dickens’ "A Christmas Carol" and the ballet "The Nutcracker." There is also a line of collectable models of antique automobiles. In 1992 the company worked with the Salvation Army to create a Caroler depicting an iconic Salvation Army red kettle and bell ringer. Byers’ Choice continues to produce Salvation Army Carolers and donates a portion of the

title: Christmas Kettle

title: Kettle's Yard

text: interior of the house has been left untouched. During the closure, there were displays of the collection at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge and the Jerwood Gallery in Hastings. Kettle's Yard is part of the University of Cambridge Museums consortium. The permanent collection is composed of paintings, sculptures and objects collected by Ede. It is largely based on associations and friendships formed when Ede was a curator at Tate Gallery, and as such it is biased towards works from the British avant-garde of the first half of the 20th century. Ian Hamilton Finlay described Ede's "fusion of art and found

title: The Spirit of Christmas 1999

text: store, wished to continue their philanthropic support in the community, "whilst at the same time providing something special for everyone to enjoy". They choose the Salvation Army's Red Shield Appeal for at-risk children and youth throughout the country as the first recipients but in 1996 and 1998 they choose the Australian branch of the Starlight Foundation and returned to the Salvation Army in 1999. Session and touring musician, Lindsay Field was the executive producer and compiler. Field contacted various fellow Australian musicians – including those he had worked with personally – to donate a track for the compilation, most commonly

title: Tom Kettle

text: Tom Kettle Thomas Michael Kettle (9 February 1880 – 9 September 1916) was an Irish economist, journalist, barrister, writer, poet, soldier and Home Rule politician. As a member of the Irish Parliamentary Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for East Tyrone from 1906 to 1910 at Westminster. He joined the Irish Volunteers in 1913, then on the outbreak of World War I in 1914 enlisted for service in the British Army, with which he was killed in action on the Western Front in the Autumn of 1916. He was a much admired old comrade of James Joyce, who considered

title: Catherine Booth

text: Salvation Army (1892) Female Teaching Catherine Booth Catherine Booth (nee Mumford, 17 January 1829 – 4 October 1890) was co-founder of The Salvation Army, along with her husband William Booth. Because of her influence in the formation of The Salvation Army she was known as the 'Mother of The Salvation Army'. She was born as Catherine Mumford in Ashbourne, Derbyshire, England, in 1829 to Methodist parents, John Mumford and Sarah Milward. Her father was an occasional lay preacher and carriage maker. Her family later moved to Boston, Lincolnshire, and later lived in Brixton, London. From an early age, Catherine was

title: Boosey & Hawkes

text: Salvation Army name and crest on them such as The Bandmaster cornets. Boosey & Hawkes' musical instruments division was gradually scaled down from the mid-1970s as it became less viable to have such an extensive range of products. Various lines were outsourced and sold off. By the time of the closure of the Edgware factory in 2001, brass instruments were the only thriving part of the instrument range. Production was moved to Watford, Hertfordshire, and the instruments rebranded Besson. It took nearly 20 years for Boosey & Hawkes to regain the leading position in the international music scene that it

title: Christmas Kettle

long_answer: A tradition on the "kettle" started in 1891, in San Francisco, by Salvation Army officer Captain Joseph McFee. Captain McFee, resolving to provide a free Christmas dinner to the poor of San Francisco, remembered a sight he saw in Liverpool, England. From his days as a sailor McFee remembered a large pot displayed on the Stage Landing, called "Simpson's Pot." The pot took in donations put in by passersby. Taking this idea, McFee asked for permission from San Francisco city authorities to place a crab pot and tripod at the Oakland ferry landing. The kettle - and McFee's call of "Keep the Pot Boiling!" - drew in passengers and donations.

short_answers:
San Francisco
in San Francisco