question: who designed the traffic circle in long beach ca

answers: German engineer Werner Ruchti

answers: Werner Ruchti

title: Los Alamitos Circle

text: significantly dropped, making the circle one of the safest statistically in the nation. The aforementioned modifications ran a cost of $350,000. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was very similar to the 1932 Garces Memorial Circle located in Bakersfield, though the Bakersfield circle has not undergone modernization to roundabout standards. Today the circle handles over 60,000 vehicles a day, mostly commuters from Orange County in the south heading to jobs in the South Bay area of Los Angeles County. The roadway is now owned by the State of California but managed by the City of Long Beach in cooperation with the

title: Los Alamitos Circle

text: California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The city provides landscaping and traffic code enforcement, while the state provides road maintenance. In addition to the main traffic circle, there is also an Outer Traffic Circle that is concentric with the main roundabout. The artery Atherton Street ends at the Outer Traffic Circle and does not continue toward the main roundabout Los Alamitos Circle The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle, informally known as the Long Beach Traffic Circle (or just the "Traffic Circle", as there is only 1 other high volume traffic circle in Southern California), is a roundabout at the intersection of Lakewood

title: Los Alamitos Circle

text: based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was one of the first of its kind to be constructed in the United States, and prior to their truncation, was also an end point of US 6 (which connects Provincetown, Massachusetts some to the east) and US 91. In 1993, the circle was converted from an old-style traffic circle to a modern

title: Leif Ourston

text: built two roundabouts in Nevada in the Summerlin master-planned community in the western Las Vegas valley in 1990, followed by others around the US. This allowed Caltrans to confidently convert the Long Beach Traffic Circle to a modern roundabout. These early demonstrations and others elsewhere gradually allowed statistical proof that roundabouts were also safe and effective in North America, paving the way for confident widespread use throughout the US and Canada. Leif Ourston Leif Ourston was a pioneer proponent of modern roundabouts in the United States, years before any had been built here. He opened his engineering company in 1984,

title: Leif Ourston

text: the same as old traffic circles, and are instead a valuable, proven, safe, and effective modern intersection suitable for general use in the United States. In the 1980s, roundabouts were regarded fearfully in the US, and met repeated setbacks as a result. Early proposals looked for special “suitable” sites for experiment, engendered strong opposition from road agencies and the public, and consequently had to be abandoned. Among many proposed California sites were Goleta and Santa Barbara (1985), Oxnard (1986), Ojai and Valencia (1988), and several locations in Long Beach. In May 1986, at his own expense, Ourston brought Frank Blackmore

title: Edward Killingsworth

text: and was one of Southern California's first post and beam structures. Edward Killingsworth partnered with Jules Brady (born 1908) and Waugh Smith (1917-2010) in 1953 and together they designed 4 Case Study Houses in 1960 (3 were built and are still standing, though one has been drastically altered), along with the Opdahl house and several other large projects. Waugh Smith left he partnership in 1963. From 1984 until his retirement in the early 2000s, Killingsworth became a partner in Killingsworth, Stricker, Lindgren, Wilson and Associate. He went on to design many highly acclaimed projects in Long Beach. One of them,

title: A.E. Hanson

text: architect George Washington Smith in Pasadena, California. In 1930, Hanson designed the gardens of the Monterey Colonial style mansion of D.C. Norcross designed by architect Roland Coate, located at 673 Siena Way in Bel Air, Los Angeles. He also designed the gardens of the Doheny Library on the campus of the University of Southern California. In the 1930s, Hanson developed two gated communities, Rolling Hills, California, as well as Hidden Hills, California. From 1932 to 1944, he served as President of the Palos Verdes Corporation. He also worked with architect Charles H. Cheney (1884-1943) to design a highway surrounding the

title: Terry Braunstein (artist)

text: mosaic street improvement project in downtown Long Beach; and a high book, made of Byzantine mosaic, stainless steel and glass for the City of Cerritos. She was commissioned to create two photo-installations for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's "Windows on Wilshire" series, curated by Howard Fox. In 2007 she completed mosaics and colored windows for the Sun Valley Health Center through the Los Angeles County Arts Commission, and projects for the L.B. Transit at six different bus stations, a North Long Beach Entryway mosaic for the Redevelopment Agency of Long Beach, and assisted Councilwoman Gerrie Schipske with art

title: Roundabout

text: of the first American roundabouts for both autos and streetcars (trams) in the Hanchett Residence Park in what is now San Jose, California. The first British circular junction was built in Letchworth Garden City in 1909. Its centre originally was intended partly as a traffic island for pedestrians. It was featured in the film "The World's End". In the early 20th century, numerous traffic circles were constructed in the United States, particularly in the northeast. Examples include a circle in Atherton, California. Widespread use of the modern roundabout began when the UK's Transport Research Laboratory engineers re-engineered and standardised circular

title: Long Beach Plaza

text: Long Beach Plaza Long Beach Plaza was a two-level shopping mall located in Downtown Long Beach, California. It was designed in the 1970s by The Hahn Company and opened in 1982. The eight-block dumbbell-shaped mall was an enclosed structure and included a two-story deck parking structure on both sides. The mall was previously anchored by J. C. Penney, Montgomery Ward and Buffums' (which closed in 1991). Problems with the mall included the fact that the mall structure (which included stores that faced inward) had no connection with the rest of Downtown Long Beach area. The closure of the nearby Naval

title: Bakersfield, California

text: Traffic Circle, informally known as Garces Circle or just The Circle, is the only traffic circle in Bakersfield, California. The traffic circle is located at the intersection of Chester Avenue, Golden State Avenue (State Route 204) and 30th St in Bakersfield. The Circle was built circa 1932 as a part of US 99. A large sculpture of Father Francisco Garces was erected inside the circle in 1939. Bakersfield is served by Golden Empire Transit. Eighteen routes are operated, the majority of which serve the urbanized portion of the county which includes the city of Bakersfield. Bakersfield is also served by

title: Edward Killingsworth

text: the "Opdahl House", also in Naples and just blocks away from Case Study House #25, stands as a monument to Mid-Century architecture. By the early-1960s, Killingsworth also went on to design civic and commercial buildings in Long Beach. For more than 40 years from 1962, he established and implemented the masterplan for the CSULB campus. Killingsworth designed the main architecture building of his alma mater, the USC School of Architecture's Watt Hall (1974) where he served as adjunct professor. As the years passed and the honors piled up, Killingsworth's architectural projects grew in size and scale, from residential buildings in

title: Sumner Spaulding

text: and Walter I. Webber, they designed the Malaga Cove Plaza, a shopping center in the gated community of Palos Verdes Estates from 1922 to 1924. They designed the fraternity house of Phi Kappa Sigma located at 10938 Strathmore Drive off the campus of UCLA in Westwood, Los Angeles in 1929. From 1928 to 1930, they designed the Eli P. Clark Dormitory on the campus of Pomona College. In partnership with Clarence Gordon DeSwarte and John Leon Rex, they designed the Leibig Guest House and Farmer's Cottage in Encino, California, which won an Honor Award from the Southern California Chapter of

title: Traffic circle

text: in order to exit the circle. Design criteria include: French architect Eugène Hénard was designing one-way circular intersections as early as 1877. American architect William Phelps Eno favored small traffic circles. He designed New York City's famous Columbus Circle, which was built in 1905. Other circular intersections were subsequently built in the United States, though many were large diameter 'rotaries' that enabled high speed merge and weave maneuvers. These designs were doomed to failure for two primary reasons: The experience with traffic circles and rotaries in the US was almost entirely negative, characterized by high accident rates and congestion problems.

title: Roland Coate

text: Hanson (1893-1986) was the landscape architect. In 1931, he designed the Monterey Colonial style Pasadena Town Club located at 378 South Madison Avenue in Pasadena, California. In 1933 and 1934, he designed the private residence of film producer David O. Selznick (1902-1965) in Beverly Hills. In 1934, he designed the W.B Hart House in Pasadena, California and the Parley Johnson House in Downey, California. The same year, he also designed the private residence of Henry W. O'Melveny located at 1709 Stone Canyon Road in Bel Air. In 1939, he designed the Everett Sebring House located at 612 Berkshire Avenue in

title: Gerald Desmond Bridge

text: of the original founders of Long Beach. Mark Bixby died in a March 2011 plane crash at the Long Beach Airport. Ocean Boulevard, currently carried by the 1968 bridge, is operated by the City of Long Beach. When the replacement bridge is completed, the roadway it carries will be redesignated the western extension of I-710, extending to its intersection with State Route 47, and it will become the responsibility of Caltrans, District 7. From west to east, the new bridge will span a total of , consisting of: By extending the approach structures, approach grades are reduced to no more

title: The Plaza (Orange, California)

text: The Plaza (Orange, California) The Plaza, also known as Orange Plaza or colloquially as The Circle, is a historic commercial and economic area that encompasses downtown Orange, California. The Plaza has roots dating back to 1886 when Orange was one of the first towns to originate out of Southern California. It was here where the founders of Orange (A. B. Chapman and Andrew Glassell) designed the layout for the city of Orange. In the center of the plaza, is a large round-a-bout with spokes coming off from the north, south, east and west. The two roads that intersect at The

title: Peter Kamnitzer

text: Shortly after, he co-founded the architectural firm Kamnitzer, Marks & Partners, later known as Kamnitzer & Cotton, and Kamnitzer Cotton Vreeland. He designed many high-rise residential buildings in Downtown Los Angeles, including housing projects. He designed Promenade Towers in Bunker Hill, Los Angeles(1985). He also designed the Keck Theater on the campus of Occidental College(1989). His other projects included the Esplanade Apartments, located in Sherman Oaks, California. (1967), Mariners Village Apartments, in the Marina Del Rey (1968), The Meadows Apartments in Culver City (1969), The Promenade Plaza in Bunker Hill Los Angeles, (1981), the Promenade West in Bunker Hill, Los

title: William Pereira

text: time of his death, Pereira had over 400 projects to his name. Among the structures he designed throughout Southern California were CBS Television City, Fox Plaza, the Los Angeles County Art Museum, the Howard Johnson Hotel and Water Playground in Anaheim, and the Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim. He is also responsible for creating the monumental Spanish-inspired facades that defined Robinson's department stores for nearly 20 years, and he was the architect of Pepperdine University at Malibu, named by the "Princeton Review" as the most beautiful college campus in America. Out of his immense body of work, three have really stood

title: Frederick Earl Emmons

text: draughtsman for McKim, Mead & White in 1930-1932. He worked for architect William Wurster from 1938 to 1939, and for Allied Engineers from 1940 to 1942. He served in the United States Navy Reserve from 1942 to 1946. By 1946, he started his own architectural practice in Los Angeles. Emmons opened an architectural practice with A. Quincy Jones in 1950. The first year, they designed the Sascha Brastoff Ceramics Factory located at 11520 West Olympic Boulevard in Downtown Los Angeles, the Brody House in the Pacific Palisades, the Romanoff's on the Rocks Restaurant on Highway 111 in Palm Springs, and

title: Ralph D. Cornell

text: the grounds of the Civic Center and the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, the Beverly Gardens Park in Beverly Hills, and the Glen Haven Memorial Park in Sylmar. He also restored the grounds of the Los Cerritos Ranch House in Long Beach. Additionally, he designed the grounds of Pomona College, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Hawaii. He was a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects. He died on April 6, 1972. Ralph D. Cornell Ralph D. Cornell (1890-1972) was an American landscape architect from Los Angeles, California. Ralph Dalton Cornell was

title: Mike Bonin

text: a recently settled $9.5 million lawsuit and the potential for increased liability, the city felt compelled to redesign Vista del Mar to dissuade unsafe and reckless driving behavior, as well as unsafe conditions for people walking, biking, and crossing the street to get to the beach. In order to accommodate safe U-turns, safe parking, and to reduce instances of dangerous speeding, the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) created a design that installed angled parking on the west side of the street for the beach, eliminated parking on the east side of the street, and reduced the road to two

title: Fred Earl Norris Jr.

text: 1237 Agate Street; 5210 Cardeno Drive, San Diego (1959-1960) Fred Earl Norris Jr. Fred Earl Norris Jr. (April 11, 1923 - November 9, 2006) was an American Mid-Century Modern architect, with a degree in architecture from University of California, Berkeley, who designed more than 250 homes on individual sites throughout Southern California from the mid-1950s through 1998 when he retired to Maui Hawaii. Notable Norris projects include designing and developing "Hollywood Park" in 1959 at North Pacific Beach, San Diego—-an enclave of 13 mid-century homes; the residence of G.G. (Gilbert George) Budwig, aviation pioneer and early Director of Air Regulation

title: Los Cerritos, Long Beach, California

text: Thomas Gilchrist, an Oklahoma oilman, purchased along La Linda Drive and subdivided them into a development called La Linda, Spanish for "the pretty." In 1929, 20th century architect Kirtland Cutter designed three award-winning homes in the Los Cerritos Neighborhood. Now one of Long Beach's oldest gated communities, the residential make-up of La Linda has changed. Many of the newer homes are larger. In 1985, a home on Country Club Drive in the Los Cerritos neighborhood was used as the Bueller family home in the 1986 comedy film "Ferris Bueller's Day Off" and subsequently used in the 2001 comedy film "Not

title: Los Alamitos Circle

text: In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models.  Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.

title: Los Alamitos Circle

text: roundabout by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). This was the first such conversion in the United States. Yield signs replaced Stop signs, giving drivers inside the circle the right of way, which increased traffic flow efficiency. PCH (the main thoroughfare) was given an additional entry lane at both north and south bound routes. Also added were widened feeder lanes, and dedicated lanes for traffic traveling only 90 of the 360 degrees of the circle - the equivalent of a right turn at a traditional American traffic light. After the conversion, both the total auto accident and the injury rate

title: Frederick Earl Emmons

text: same track were designed by Anshen & Allen. They also designed the Pardee-Phillips Housing Tract for Eichler in the Pacific Palisades. Additionally, they designed six houses for the Estates Oceanside Housing Development in San Luis Rey. With fellow architects Douglas Honnold, Arthur Gallion, A. Quincy Jones, Maynard Lyndon, John Leon Rex and Raphael Soriano, Emmons designed the San Pedro Community Hospital at 1300 West 7th Street in San Pedro, Los Angeles in 1958-1960. Emmons was a member of the Southern California chapter of the American Institute of Architects. He retired in 1972. Emmons died on August 23, 1999. Frederick Earl

title: Circle on Cavill

text: Circle on Cavill Circle on Cavill is a $551 million commercial development with two residential towers built by the Sunland Group and positioned in a key city block in the heart of the Surfers Paradise CBD, neighbouring with Towers of Chevron Renaissance shopping mall and resort apartment complex. Circle on Cavill is bounded by the main Surfers Paradise Boulevard at the western end of Cavill Mall and river end of Cavill Avenue, between the Gold Coast Highway and Ferny Avenue, in Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The street address for the Circle on Cavill residential apartments is

title: Long Beach Main Post Office

text: most prominent feature is the central tower rising four-and-a-half stories from the street level. The building's design has been credited to Louis A. Simon and the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore. From 1933 to 1939, Simon was the head of the Office of the Supervising Architect, an agency of the United States Treasury Department that designed federal government buildings. The building's architectural style has been described as "Starved Classicism" and "PWA/WPA Moderne". One writer has referred to the building as "Post-Quake Moderne," due to the fact that the Moderne style of Art Deco architecture was prevalent

title: Robert Irwin (artist)

text: campus of the University of California, San Diego. For "Sentinel Plaza" (1990) in the Pasadena Civic Center District, Irwin chose small desert plants and cacti. He later consulted on the master plan for , creating, in particular, the design and landscaping of the outdoor spaces, and the entrance building and the window design. He later designed and developed the Central Garden at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, built in 1997. In the Central Garden, Irwin's concept of integrating experiential relationships to the built environment is abundantly clear. Those experiential elements fill the space. This project is widely praised for

title: Los Alamitos Circle

short_answers:
German engineer Werner Ruchti
Werner Ruchti


question: what type of tale is the pardoner's tale

answers: a moral tale

answers: an extended exemplum

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: Pardoner might also be seen as a reinforcement of the Apostolic Authority of the priesthood, which, according to the Catholic Church, functions fully even when the one possessing that authority is in a state of mortal sin, which in this case is supported by how the corrupt Pardoner is able to tell a morally intact tale and turn others from his same sin. Thomas Aquinas, an influential theologian of the late medieval period, had a philosophy concerning how God was able to work through evil people and deeds to accomplish good ends. Chaucer may have also been referencing a doctrine

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: court of Rome. Ful loude he soong "Com hider, love, to me!" This Somonour bar to hym a stif burdoun ... A voys he hadde as smal as hath a goot. No berd hadde he, ne nevere sholde have; As smothe it was as it were late shave. I trowe he were a geldyng or a mare.</poem> The last three lines indicate that the narrator thought the Pardoner to be either a eunuch ("geldyng") or a homosexual. The Pardoner's Tale "The Pardoner's Tale" is one of "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the order of the Tales, it comes

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: roam the Earth until the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. One may compare this notion to the symbol and character of the Old Man in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. "The Pardoner's Tale" finds itself widely debated among those in the literary world. The question of Chaucer's motivation in writing the tale, as well as potential social comments made within it, have been the subject of controversy concerning "The Canterbury Tales". Gregory W. Gross, as dictated in Modern Language Studies, concludes that The Pardoner finds himself publicly shamed by the Host's reprimand at the end

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: then says they can find death at the foot of an oak tree. When the men arrive at the tree, they find a large amount of gold coins and forget about their quest to kill Death. They decide to sleep at the oak tree overnight, so they can take the coins in the morning. The three men draw straws to see who among them should fetch wine and food while the other two wait under the tree. The youngest of the three men draws the shortest straw and departs; while he is away, the remaining two plot to overpower and

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: Pardoner on behalf of the poet. Ultimately, it is plausible that Chaucer makes a societal statement long before his time that serves as a literary teaching moment in modern time as one further examines "The Canterbury Tales". In further analysis, psychological patterns of the character of the Pardoner is frequently analysed by readers and critics alike. In 1961, critic Eric W. Stockton defined the psychology-based research of the character, "The psychology of the Pardoner has perhaps gotten in the way of the task of interpreting the stories' meaning. This is indeed an age of psychology." As Stockton states, the character

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: pilgrims about his sin in the prologue before his tale commences. His preaching is correct and the results of his methods, despite their corruption, are good. Chaucer describes him as a "draughte of corny strong ale", which arguably suggests that the character candidly speaks thanks in part to intoxication. The Pardoner's confession is similar in that there is a revelation of details buried within the prologue by "The Wife of Bath Tale". The Wife of Bath gives away details about herself in the prologue to her particular tale. Chaucer describes The Pardoner as an excellent speaker in his portrait of

title: Prologue and Tale of Beryn

text: better off sleeping in a bog than with the barmaid. That night, the Pardoner goes to Kit's room where she feigns sleep. The Pardoner apologises for frightening Kit, who tells him to return after everyone is asleep. The Pardoner leaves, falsely assured that he will bed Kit (298–378). That night the Pardoner again notes how the Host serves The Knight and the prelates before the lower ranking members. After the meal, The Miller and The Cook continue drinking, and at the suggestion of the Pardoner, sing loudly, inciting reprimand from The Summoner, The Yeoman, The Manciple and The Reeve. At

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: Knight intervenes and urges them to make peace. The prologue—taking the form of a literary confession—was most probably modelled on that of "Faus Semblaunt" in the medieval French poem "Roman de la Rose". The tale of the three rioters is a version of a folk tale with a "remarkably wide range" and has numerous analogues: ancient Buddhist, Persian, and African. The relationship between tellers and tale is distinctly significant in "The Pardoner's Tale". The Pardoner is an enigmatic character, portrayed as grotesque in the General Prologue. He is seemingly aware of his sin—it is not clear why he tells the

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his "theme": "Radix malorum est cupiditas" ("Greed is the root of [all] evils"). In the order of "The Canterbury Tales", the Pardoner's Prologue and Tale are preceded by The Physician's Tale. The Physician's Tale is a harrowing tale about a judge who plots with a "churl [low fellow]" to abduct a beautiful young woman; rather than allow her to be raped,

title: English words first attested in Chaucer

text: relationship between a daughter and her father. " award, definitive, notable, vicar general " The Pardoner's Tale is a tale in the form of a moral example. " bet, cinque, cinq, clink, corny, corpus, domination, envelop, fen, Galianes, policy, rioter, saffron, sane, village " The Shipman's Tale is similar to some of Boccaccio's stories in his Decameron and tells the story of a stingy merchant, his greedy wife and her lover. " creance, porteous, score " "The Prioress's Tale" story is of a child martyr killed by Jews. " outcry, sold " "Tale of Sir Topas" is a self-portrait of

title: Prologue and Tale of Beryn

text: the request of the Host and The Merchant, they all sleep, except for the Pardoner (388–425). Meanwhile, Kit, her paramour, and the innkeeper have been dining on goose and wine bought with the Pardoner's money. Kit explains how she has tricked The Pardoner and her paramour promises to beat The Pardoner with his own staff. (426–466). Upon entering Kit's room, The Pardoner angrily finds Kit in bed with her paramour. The paramour attacks the Pardoner, yelling to the innkeeper that there is a thief in his inn. The Pardoner, armed with pan and ladle, hits the paramour on the nose,

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: a symbol of mortality. The Old Man in "The Pardoner's Tale" is oftentimes written off as one who does not provide any sort of substance to the play. However, critic, Alfred David, refutes such claims and asserts the possibility that the Old Man in "The Pardoner's Tale" is meant to symbolise more than unambiguous death, "the old man's identity does not admit a simple, unambiguous, and definitive answer such as Death or Death's Messenger". David goes on to assert that the Old Man may actually symbolise the "Wandering Jew" as defined to be a symbol of death that will supposedly

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: in Flanders at an indeterminate time, and opens with three young men drinking, gambling and blaspheming in a tavern. The Pardoner condemns each of these "tavern sins" in turn—gluttony, drinking, gambling, and swearing—with support from the Christian scriptures, before proceeding with the tale. The rioters hear a bell signalling a burial; their friend has been killed by a "privee theef" known as Death, who has also killed a thousand others. The men set out to avenge them and kill Death. An old man they brusquely query tells them that he has asked Death to take him but has failed. He

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: the character in the General Prologue to "The Canterbury Tales", which inherently reflects the quality of the narrative attributed to him. The old man who appears before the rioters has been the subject of considerable debate. Many persons and scholars reference him as "death in person", "the Wandering Jew", "Old Age itself", and "Death's messenger". W. J. B. Owen refutes these views as he points out that "He is seeking Death; and that Death or his agent should find death is contrary to all the logic of allegory." Owen argues that a character is merely an old man and not

title: Prologue and Tale of Beryn

text: groups: the Knight, the love-sick Squire and the Yeoman survey the town's defences; the Clerk advises the Summoner not to be offended by the tale the Friar has already told; the Monk, the Parson, and the Friar have drinks with an old friend of the Monk's; the Wife of Bath and the Prioress drink wine and talk in a garden; the Merchant, the Manciple, the Miller, the Reeve, and the Clerk go into the town (231–297). The Pardoner stays behind at the inn with the intention of sleeping with Kit. The narrator assures the reader that the Pardoner would be

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: stab him upon his return. However, the one who leaves for town plots to kill the other two: he purchases rat poison and laces the wine. When he returns with the food and drink, the other two kill him and then consume the poisoned wine, dying slow and painful deaths. Having completed his tale, the Pardoner — forgetful of his remarks during the prologue — appeals for gold and silver so that the pilgrims may receive pardons for their sins. The Host responds that he would sooner cut off the Pardoner's testicles than kiss his relics. At this point the

title: The Physician's Tale

text: wife. Chaucer's very careful, mollifying words on the difficult job and the virtues of governesses seem to be a very canny political move. The story is considered one of the moral tales, along with the Parson's tale and the Knight's tale. However, the fate of Virginius renders questionable the moral assertion at the story's end. The Host enjoys the tale and feels for the daughter but asks the Pardoner for a more merry tale. The Pardoner obliges and his tale has a similar but contrasting moral message. Unnamed but mentioned characters include Virginia's mother and the citizens who rise up

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: of the tale. There is an "undertone" of exclusion at this point in the work that, perhaps, leads to the question of the sexuality of The Pardoner and the social boundaries at hand. To reaffirm his claim, Gross points out the ridicule and "laughter" on behalf of the other pilgrims. Perhaps Chaucer is looking upon the Pardoner with a "compassionate eye", as the Host offers a kiss at the end of the tale. According to Gross, this could simply be the poet's way of easing the tension in the room, thus a sign of "compassion" towards the embarrassment of the

title: Prologue and Tale of Beryn

text: (which, as the narrator tells us, causes the man to experience chronic nasal problems for a week after the encounter). With the kitchen pan, the Pardoner injures the innkeeper's shin (which later becomes infected). Kit is the only one to escape unscathed. The paramour and the innkeeper, unable to find the Pardoner, decide to resume their search in the morning. Although the Pardoner is physically injured, the greatest wounds are to his pride. As the Pardoner attempts to return his room, he is attacked by a guard dog, which causes him to spend the night in the dog's litter (while

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: his moral character. Chaucer develops his description and analysis of the Pardoner throughout "The Pardoner's Tale" using suggestive analogies that provide the reader with the perception of a man of extreme sexual and spiritual poverty, willingly admitting that he abuses his authority and sells fake relics. "The Pardoner's tale" matches the unctuous nature of the Pardoner in many ways. Eugene Vance illustrates one parallel effectively fostered by Chaucer's sexual innuendoes. He writes: ""The kneeling posture to which the Pardoner summons the pilgrims would place their noses right before his deficient crotch"." In addition, Vance expands upon this comparison, identifying a

title: Prologue and Tale of Beryn

text: the dog takes his bed), immobile for fear, regretting his attempt to bed with Kit (467–655). The next morning, the Pardoner hides his injuries and leaves with the rest of the Company, who continue their game with the second tale of the Merchant, The Tale of Beryn (656–732). The Tale of Beryn is the first tale told on the journey back to the Tabard Inn in Southwark. Told by the Merchant, it is a long tale of 3,290 lines. Its portrayal of merchants in a positive (or at least neutral) light make it peculiar in the Middle Ages. Beryn is

title: Prologue and Tale of Beryn

text: naked,” complaining that she has no lover because hers has died (23–39). The Pardoner tells Kit not to stay loyal to her dead lover (40–59). Feigning flirtation, Kit attempts to make the Pardoner break his fast from alcoholic beverages (a customary practice for pilgrims before reaching a shrine). The Pardoner gives Kit money, calling her his treasurer, but refuses to break his fast (60–98). Kit describes a contrived dream to the Pardoner, who says it foretells her future marriage to a loving husband. He then leaves her, promising to return soon (99–118). Through an interjection by the narrator we learn

title: The Canterbury Tales (film)

text: gets into bed with the miller and tells him about his exploits with Molly, thinking that the miller is his companion. Seventh Tale (The Pardoner's Tale) Rufus, one of a group of four young men is killed by a thief, spurning the others to seek out Death for themselves. The youths then encounter an old man, who they accuse of conspiring with Death in order to kill the young, and demand at knifepoint that they tell him where Death is located. The old man tells them to look around a nearby oak tree, where they find instead an abundance of

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: will not be able to benefit from these relics. The Pardoner says to the pilgrims that by these tricks he has acquired a considerable sum of money. He goes on to relate how he stands like a clergy at the pulpit, and preaches against avarice but to gain the congregation's money; he doesn't care for the correction of sin or for their souls. Against anyone that offends either him or other pardoners, he will "stynge hym with my tonge smerte". Although he is guilty of avarice himself, he reiterates that his theme is always "Radix malorum ..." and that he

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: The tale itself is an extended exemplum.  Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his "theme": Radix malorum est cupiditas ("Greed is the root of [all] evils").

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: has largely been overanalysed, especially amidst mid-century advances in psychoanalysis in the 1960s and 1970s. The religious climate at the time that Chaucer wrote this piece was pre-Reformation. Therefore, the Sacraments were still largely considered, as explained by St. Augustine, ""outward and visible signs of an inward and invisible grace"". The suggestion that outward appearances are reliable indicators of internal character was not considered radical or improper among contemporary audiences. Indeed, the vivid depiction of the Pardoner's hair, those locks ""yellow as wax "But smoothe "as a strike" (hank)" of flex" (flax)", does little to improve the reader's opinion of

title: Prologue and Tale of Beryn

text: Prologue and Tale of Beryn The Prologue and Tale of Beryn are spurious 15th century additions to Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales." They are both written in Middle English. The Prologue to the Tale of Beryn begins upon the pilgrims’ arrival in Canterbury, where they lodge at the inn, “The Checker of the Hoop.” (1–12). While the company is dining at the inn, the Pardoner, disgusted with how the meal is served according to social hierarchy, leaves the fellowship to instead speak with the barmaid, Kit (13–22). After giving the barmaid his staff, Kit shows the Pardoner where she sleeps, “al

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: sexual innuendo implicit in the Pardoner's many relics. ""The pardoner conspires to set himself up as a moveable shrine endowed with relics unsurpassed by those of anyone else in England"." Yet, of course, the relics are all fakes, creating a suggestion of both the Pardoner's impotence and his spiritual ill-worth. Though the Pardoner preaches against greed, the irony of the character is based in the Pardoner's hypocritical actions. He admits extortion of the poor, pocketing of indulgences, and failure to abide by teachings against jealousy and avarice. He also admits quite openly that he tricks the most guilty sinners into

title: The Canterbury Tales

text: gain. Chaucer's Pardoner openly admits the corruption of his practice while hawking his wares. Summoners were Church officers who brought sinners to the Church court for possible excommunication and other penalties. Corrupt summoners would write false citations and frighten people into bribing them to protect their interests. Chaucer's Summoner is portrayed as guilty of the very kinds of sins for which he is threatening to bring others to court, and is hinted as having a corrupt relationship with the Pardoner. In The Friar's Tale, one of the characters is a summoner who is shown to be working on the side

title: The Pardoner's Tale

text: of St. Augustine of Hippo concerning the Donatist heresy of fourth and fifth century Northern Africa in which Augustine argued that a priest's ability to perform valid sacraments was not invalidated by his own sin. Thus, it is possible that with the Pardoner, Chaucer was criticising the administrative and economic practices of the Church while simultaneously affirming his support for its religious authority and dogma. In the General Prologue of the Tales, the Pardoner is introduced with these lines: <poem> With hym ther rood a gentil Pardoner Of Rouncivale, his freend and his compeer, That streight was comen fro the

title: The Pardoner's Tale


question: who scored fastest 10000 runs in test cricket

answers: Alastair Cook

answers: Kumar Sangakkara

answers: Brian Lara

answers: Sachin Tendulkar

title: Vinod Kambli

text: the record for the fastest Indian player (14 innings) to reach 1000 runs in Tests. He scored 224 against England at Wankhede Stadium in 1993 as his maiden test century in his third test. In the next test against Zimbabwe, he scored 227. In his next test series he scored 125 and 120 against Sri Lanka. He is also the only cricketer to hit three consecutive test centuries in three innings, all centuries against different countries. In his 17 Tests, he averaged 69.13 in the first innings, and just 9.40 in the second innings, with a difference of 59.73. He

title: Cheteshwar Pujara

text: fastest batsman to reach 1000 runs in Test cricket in just 11 matches and his 18th Test Innings. He won the Emerging Cricketer of the Year 2013. In February 2017, during the one-off Test match against Bangladesh, he set a new record for the most runs by a batsman in an Indian first-class season, with 1,605 runs. The previous record was 1,604 runs set by Chandu Borde in 1964–65. In November 2017, he scored his twelfth double-century in first-class cricket, the most by an Indian batsman, breaking the previous record set by Vijay Merchant. He is regarded as India's Test

title: Sean Williams (cricketer)

text: first century was the fastest ever by any Zimbabwean in Test Cricket.He plays for Tshwane Spartans in Mzansi Super League. His father is Collin Williams, a former first-class cricketer and a national field hockey coach, and his brother Matthew Williams has played first-class cricket in Zimbabwe for Matabeleland Tuskers. His mother Patricia McKillop, was a field hockey player, who was a member of the Zimbabwe national team that won the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics His step brother, Michael McKillop is also a first-class cricketer and a field hockey player who played for Matabeleland and also served as

title: Virender Sehwag

text: of India, former Vice-Captain of India, former captain of Delhi Daredevils and former captain of Delhi Ranji Team. Sehwag holds multiple records including the highest score made by an Indian in Test cricket (319 against South Africa at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai), which was also the fastest triple century in the history of international cricket (reached 300 off only 278 balls) as well as the fastest 250 by any batsman (in 207 balls against Sri Lanka on 3 December 2009 at the Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai). Sehwag also holds the distinction of being one of four batsmen in

title: Hashim Amla

text: in his 40th ODI innings. He became the first South African to score a Test match triple century when he scored 311 not out against England in 2012. In the 57th innings of his ODI career, Amla became the fastest batsman to score 3,000 ODI runs, requiring 12 innings fewer than Sir Vivian Richards, and also became the fastest cricketer to reach 10 ODI centuries. On 8 December 2013, he became the fastest batsman to score 4,000 ODI runs, requiring 8 innings fewer than Richards. In 2014, he became the fastest cricketer to reach 15 centuries in ODIs in his

title: Tillakaratne Dilshan

text: the Harare Sports Club in the second test between Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. He scored an unbeaten 163* runs in the first innings and was awarded the player of the match award for his role in the Sri Lankan victory. Dilshan achieved his highest test score in England, where he scored 193 runs in the second test at the Lord's cricket ground, against England. Dilshan's One-Day International debut also came during Sri Lanka's tour of Zimbabwe in 1999, where he scored 31 runs against Zimbabwe. His maiden ODI century came against Netherlands on 4 July 2006, where he smashed an

title: Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)

text: Kevin O'Brien (cricketer) Kevin Joseph O'Brien (born 4 March 1984) is an Irish cricketer who plays for Ireland, Leinster and Railway Union Cricket Club and has played for several English county cricket clubs. He holds the world record for the fastest century ever scored at a World Cup, coming from 50 balls against England on 2 March 2011. He was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Ireland's first ever Test match, against Pakistan, in May 2018, scoring the first Test century for Ireland men's cricket and becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to represent his country 300 times.

title: Hashim Amla

text: 86th innings. In the same year he became the fastest cricketer to reach 16 centuries in ODIs in his 94th inning and fastest cricketer to 17 centuries in ODIs in his 98th innings. He scored 5 hundreds in ODIs in 2014. On 16 January 2015 against West Indies he became the fastest to reach 5,000 runs in ODIs in his 101st innings. On 18 January 2015 he became the fastest cricketer to 18 centuries in ODIs in his 102nd inning. On 3 March 2015 he became the fastest cricketer to reach 20 centuries in ODIs in his 108th inning. He

title: Jack Gregory (cricketer)

text: he scored a century from 67 balls in 70 minutes, which was at the time the fastest hundred in terms of both balls faced and minutes taken in the history of Test cricket. The record stood until 1985 when Viv Richards managed the feat with 56 balls but it remains the record for the fastest hundred in terms of minutes. His record of 15 catches in the 1920–21 Ashes series still stands as the record for the most catches by a fieldsman in a Test series. Jack was the nephew of two of the very early Australian cricketers, Dave and

title: Prakash Bhandari

text: wicket in the final Test match at Karachi. He made 19 before being bowled by Khan Mohammad who broke one of the stumps. He also appeared in Tests against New Zealand and Australia. His highest score was 39 against New Zealand at Delhi in 1954-55 where he batted at No. 8 and added 73 with Bapu Nadkarni. Against Rajasthan in the 1961–62 Ranji Trophy semifinal he scored a hundred in 60 minutes while Bengal was going for a declaration in the second innings. At the time it was believed to be the fastest hundred in Indian cricket, but a 60-minute

title: Hashim Amla

text: has scored ODI centuries against all Test playing countries and only the fourth person to do so. He was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 2013. In 2017, he scored 2 centuries in IPL, playing for Kings XI Punjab. He became fastest player to score 7,000 runs in ODIs. On 3rd June 2017, he became the fastest cricketer to 25 ODI centuries. He also became the fastest batsman to score 26 ODI hundred. Born to a South African Muslim Ansari family which has its roots in Gujarat, India, Amla is a devout Muslim. He was

title: Gary Ballance

text: West Indies. In the first Test of the three-Test series, he made ten runs in the first innings and then a century in the second innings. In addition to scoring the winning runs in the second Test, he became the third fastest England cricketer to reach 1,000 runs for his career, behind Herbert Sutcliffe and Len Hutton. In the third Test he was less prolific, making scores of 18 and 23 as England suffered two batting collapses to lose the game by five wickets and draw the series 1-1. Ballance endured a difficult series against New Zealand. He made one

title: Simon O'Donnell

text: Simon O'Donnell Simon Patrick O'Donnell (born 26 January 1963) is a former Australian cricketer, VFL footballer, and horse racing and cricket commentator. He is currently a horse breeder. He is a former record holder for the fastest ODI fifty, who was first cricketer to score fifty less than 20 balls in ODI history. O'Donnell played as an all-rounder for Victoria in the Sheffield Shield between 1984 and 1993, scoring a century in his first match. He went on to play 6 Test matches in 1985, 5 on the Ashes tour of England and one at home, but with a low

title: Sanath Jayasuriya

text: the first Test against England in Kandy in 2007, he announced he was to retire from Test cricket at the end of the match. In that inning he hit six fours in one over against James Anderson. Jayasuriya held the records for the fastest fifty (against Pakistan 17 balls), fastest 100 for Sri Lanka(against Pakistan 48 balls) and fastest 150 (against England in 95 balls) in ODI cricket. His fastest 50 stayed 19 years, where his half-century is regarded as the best because he achieved this feat in an era where no any fielding restrictions and power plays are available.

title: Mote Park (cricket ground)

text: until 2017 when it was surpassed by Sean Dickson and Joe Denly who made 382 runs for the 2nd wicket against Northants at County Cricket Ground, Beckenham. In 1910, Colin Blythe and Frank Woolley bowled unchanged throughout both innings of a fixture with Yorkshire repeating a performance from 1889, also against Yorkshire, by bowlers Walter Wright and Fred Martin. In 1995 Mark Ealham set a record for the fastest century in 40-over cricket. In 44 balls, Ealham scored a hundred, with nine sixes and nine fours. This remained the Kent record for the fastest century in List A cricket until

title: Adam Gilchrist

text: most by an Australian in Test cricket. His strike rate is amongst the highest in the history of both ODI and Test cricket; his century against England at Perth in December 2006 is the fourth-fastest century in all Test cricket. He was the first player to have hit 100 sixes in Test cricket. His 17 Test centuries are the most by a wicket-keeper and his 16 in ODIs second only to Sangakkara. He holds the unique record of scoring at least 50 runs in successive World Cup finals (in 1999, 2003 and 2007). His 149 off 104 balls against Sri

title: Chris Martin (cricketer)

text: 1st Test against Pakistan at Seddon Park. He took his 500th wicket in first-class cricket, with the dismissal of Tanvir Ahmed on the third day of the first Test against Pakistan in January 2011. He also holds the dubious distinction of scoring fewer runs (123) off his bat than wickets (233) taken in Test cricket; the only other cricketer with this distinction over a significant Test career is B. S. Chandrasekhar of India. Martin also holds the record of being the only cricketer to be dismissed for a diamond duck (run out on 0 without facing a ball) twice in

title: Indian cricket team in Australia in 2011–12

text: with opener David Warner scoring a century from only 69 deliveries to finish on 104* at stumps; it set a new record for the fastest Test century by an opening batsman, breaking the previous record set by Chris Gayle (70 balls) at the same venue in 2009–10. The century matched Shivnarine Chanderpaul to become the equal-fourth fastest Test century scored at that time. Warner (180) and Cowan (74) batted for the first hour of the day's play, and reached 214 without loss, before Cowan was bowled shortly before drinks in the morning session. Australia then suffered a batting collapse, losing

title: Jacob Oram

text: both Shane Warne and Glenn McGrath. His 3rd Test hundred was again South Africa, with a career highest of 133. On 28 January 2007, in Perth, Oram smashed an unbeaten 101 off 72 balls in an ODI against Australia. It was at the time the fastest ever ODI century by a New Zealander, and also the fastest ever made against Australia. His 137 run partnership with Brendon McCullum was, at the time, the highest ever for the New Zealand 6th wicket, though this record was broken the following month. He injured his left ring finger in an ODI prior to

title: Virat Kohli

text: became the fastest hundred against Australia and the third-fastest in a run-chase. He followed that innings with 68 in the next match at Mohali in another Indian defeat, before the next two matches were washed out by rain. In the sixth ODI at Nagpur, he struck 115 off only 66 balls to help India successfully chase the target of 351 and level the series 2–2 and won the man of the match. He reached the 100-run mark in 61 balls, making it the third-fastest ODI century by an Indian batsman, and also became the fastest batsman in the world to

title: Shivnarine Chanderpaul

text: in ODI cricket, hitting 149 not out in a losing cause against India. Later that year, he was the top-scorer for the West Indies during their series against England, aggregating 446 runs in three Tests at an average of almost 150. His achievements during the series earned him the man of the series accolade, and saw him named as one of the five Cricketers of the Year by the "Wisden Cricketers' Almanack". He was especially praised by "Wisden" for his third instance of batting for 1,000 or more minutes without being dismissed, and for his century in the third Test

title: Ali Brown

text: the fastest in the history of the Texaco Trophy – he never played in a Test match. His 16,898 first-class runs at 42.67, and more than 11,000 List A runs, make him one of the most successful English batsmen never to have won a test cap. Lawrence Booth described Brown as one of the best present-day (at the time of writing) English cricketers not to have played Test cricket. Ali Brown Alistair Duncan Brown (born 11 February 1970) is a former English cricketer who played for Surrey County Cricket Club, before moving to Nottinghamshire for the 2009 season. He was

title: Ross Taylor

text: first Kiwi batsman to score a Test double-hundred against Australia and the 2nd fastest among his countrymen to reach 5,000 Test career runs (in 120 innings). During the inning, his partnership with Kane Williamson of 265-run for the third wicket, which was New Zealand's highest of all time against Australia for any wicket. Taylor was dismissed for 290 runs with 43 fours. In December 2016, after the Test against Pakistan at Hamilton, Taylor underwent surgery to remove a pterygium on his left eye. He was out of action for several weeks, thus missing the Chappell-Hadlee Trophy series in Australia. Taylor

title: Mohammad Azharuddin

text: first and last Test matches. Azharuddin scored a record-equalling century for an India player in the Second Test at Calcutta during South Africa's India tour in 1996–97. In reply to South Africa's first innings score of 428, Azharuddin brought up his century off 74 deliveries, equalling Kapil Dev's record for the fastest Test century by an India player and fourth overall, in terms of balls faced. Resuming batting on day three on the fall of Javagal Srinath's wicket after retiring hurt the previous evening, Azharuddin reached 50 in 35 balls, then the second fastest for India and scored 91 runs

title: List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket

text: Brian Lara took the least number of innings (195) to reach the 10,000 run mark, later equalled by Sachin Tendulkar and Kumar Sangakkara, while Australia's Steve Waugh took 244 innings to achieve the feat. Alastair Cook is the fastest in terms of time span, taking 10 years and 87 days.  The time taken by Shivnarine Chanderpaul (18 years and 37 days) is the slowest among all. As of May 2017, Tendulkar leads the list with 15,921 runs followed by Ricky Ponting of Australia with 13,378.

title: Martin Guptill

text: his team finishing second to Australia. On 10 December 2015, Guptill scored his first test century in 4 years against Sri Lanka in Dunedin, in which he scored 7 ODI centuries in that span, and he took 70 innings (32 matches) to score 2000 Test runs, which is the fifth slowest New Zealand batsman to reach that mark (Vettori, Hadlee, Parore, Rutherford and Cairns). On 28 December 2015, Guptill scored the fastest half century by a New Zealander (17 balls), which is joint second all time, one ball behind AB de Villiers, as well as scoring 87 in the first

title: Andy Blignaut

text: in a Test match at Harare on 22 February 2004. He is the only bowler to take a Test hat-trick for Zimbabwe. Like Travis Friend and Henry Olonga before him, Blignaut was one of the few Zimbabwean bowlers who could exceed 90mph. In a land full of medium-fast bowlers, Blignaut (on his day) formed a lethal opening combination with the dependable Heath Streak, often rushing the batsmen for pace off the wicket. In an ODI against England at Durham in 2003, he bowled a 93mph thunderbolt to England allrounder Andrew Flintoff. In the same game, however, he went at 10

title: Shikhar Dhawan

text: In December 2017, he became the 2nd fastest Indian to reach 4000 ODI runs. During the 4th ODI against South Africa in Johannesburg, he became the first Indian and ninth overall to score a century in his 100th ODI game. On 14 June 2018, against Afghanistan, he became the sixth batsman, and the first for India, to score a century before lunch on day one of a Test. Shikhar holds the record for most runs in a calendar year in Twenty20 International cricket (689). Shikhar Dhawan was born on 5 December 1985 in Delhi in a Hindu Jat family to

title: Jimmy Sinclair

text: Jimmy Sinclair James Hugh Sinclair (16 October 1876 – 23 February 1913) was a South African cricketer who played in 25 Tests from 1896 to 1911. He scored South Africa's first three Test centuries and was the first person from any country to score a century and take five wickets in an innings in the same Test. He is one of the fastest-scoring Test batsmen of all. Jimmy Sinclair stood six feet four inches tall and was a "prodigious right-handed hitter and an excellent fast bowler, combining a nice variety of pace with a high delivery". He made his first-class

title: David Warner (cricketer)

text: Cricket, the ball was dropped in the outfield denying Warner a maiden Test match wicket. On 13 January 2012, in only his fifth Test match, Warner scored a 69-ball century against India at the WACA. At the time, this equalled West Indian Shivnarine Chanderpaul for the fourth fastest Test century of all time, in terms of balls faced. He ultimately built his innings to a score of 180 from 159 balls, setting a new personal high score in Test cricket. Warner scored 163 off 157 balls at the Gabba on 4 March 2012 in the first final of the CB

short_answers:
Alastair Cook
Brian Lara
Kumar Sangakkara
Sachin Tendulkar


question: when did red dead redemption 1 come out

answers: May 18, 2010

answers: May 2010

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: 2016, depicting the open world environment, and the second and third trailers—released on September 28, 2017, and May 2, 2018, respectively—introduced the game's characters and story. A trailer released on August 9 features the first gameplay footage. It demonstrates the shooting and horse mechanics, and the ability to maintain the player's gang and camps. To spur pre-order sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide special edition versions of the game. The "Special Edition" includes exclusive single-player content, while the "Ultimate Edition" features additional online content. The "Collector's Box" is a collection of physical merchandise relating to the game.

title: Development of Red Dead Redemption

text: a select number of people at a Sony conference in 2005, promoting the release of the PlayStation 3. The trailer was a technology demonstration of the Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE). It was referred to as "Old West Project", and a sequel to "Red Dead Revolver". The trailer circulated throughout the Internet. On February 3, 2009, Rockstar Games officially announced "Red Dead Redemption". The April 2009 edition of "Game Informer" confirmed that the game would be released for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows; Rockstar later confirmed that this listing was a mistake, and that the game would

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: be one of the highest-selling games of 2018 and would have a great effect on other game sales during the fourth quarter. When discussing the delay until October 2018, a writer from "Forbes" said "A huge arrival for ["Red Dead Redemption 2"] could be a crater that dampens sales of all competitors in that window, so I have to imagine this shockwave is being felt pretty hard right now around the industry." In July 2018, The NPD Group, a market research company, published an article titled ""Video Game Industry Predictions for Holiday 2018"", where author and industry analyst Mat Piscatella

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: twice: first to Q1/Q2 2018, and later to October 26, 2018. The online multiplayer portion of the game called "Red Dead Online" was released as a closed beta on November 27, 2018, and unlocked for all players on November 30. During an IGN Q&A session with various Rockstar developers, when asked why it would not be available simultaneously with the base game, design director Imran Sarwar answered ""Red Dead Redemption 2" is an absolutely massive story-based game that we hope people will be lost in for a long time and we want people to experience everything that world has to

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: most gorgeous, seamless, rootinest, tootinest games ever made, and if you voluntarily miss out on it, you're either not a gamer or in a coma." "USgamer" said, "[i]s "Red Dead Redemption 2" better than the first game? Very much so. Is "Red Dead Redemption 2" perfect? No. Rockstar Games has crafted this huge, beautiful world with an attention to detail that's astounding..." and summarised by saying ""Red Dead Redemption 2" is a fantastic game that should keep players satisfied for another eight years." Alessandro Fillari of "GameSpot" praised the story, characters and animation and said ""Red Dead Redemption 2" is

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: of the game, was released as a beta version in November 2018. Broadly anticipated and marketed before release, "Red Dead Redemption 2" broke several records and had the second-biggest launch in history of entertainment, generating $725 million in sales from its opening weekend and shipping over 17 million copies in two weeks. It was universally acclaimed by critics, who praised the story, characters, visuals, soundtrack, open world, and considerable level of detail. "Red Dead Redemption 2" received a number of perfect scores and awards, including the "Critics Choice Award" at the 2018 Golden Joystick Awards, and honors such as "Best

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: offer before we build on that with the Online experience" while also stating that "we [at Rockstar] see them essentially as separate products that will grow and evolve independently of each other" and saying that the team has learned after launching online games that there are bound to be a few issues and that they wish to roll out the game as smoothly as possible. It was also mentioned that the game takes many of the favorite elements of "Grand Theft Auto Online" while also further expanding the original game's ideas. The game's debut trailer was released on October 20,

title: Red Dead Redemption

text: publications, and is considered by critics as one of the greatest video games ever made. After the game's release, several downloadable content additions were released; "", later released as a standalone game, added a new single-player experience in which Marston searches for a cure for an infectious zombie plague that has swept across the Old West. A "Game of the Year Edition" containing all additional content was released in October 2011. A prequel, "Red Dead Redemption 2", was released in October 2018 to further acclaim. "Red Dead Redemption" is a Western-themed action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: Red Dead Redemption 2 Red Dead Redemption 2 is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on October 26, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles. The third entry in the "Red Dead" series, it is a prequel to the 2010 game "Red Dead Redemption". Set in 1899 in a fictionalized version of the Western United States, the story centers on outlaw Arthur Morgan, a member of the Van der Linde gang dealing with the decline of the Wild West whilst attempting to survive against government forces, rival gangs, and other opponents.

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: "Red Dead Redemption 2" received "universal acclaim" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. It is the highest rated PlayStation 4 and Xbox One game on Metacritic along with Rockstar's "Grand Theft Auto V". "Game Informer" awarded the game a perfect score writing: "Rockstar Games has outdone itself again with "Red Dead Redemption II". The up-close portrayal of the outlaw Van der Linde gang's unraveling is a compelling companion story that blends seamlessly with the original game, and depth and breadth of the open world is a technical triumph that every gamer should experience." IGN also awarded the game full

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: to release two teaser images in the color and theme of "Red Dead Redemption". The teaser images led to considerable attention and raised the stock price of its parent company Take-Two Interactive by nearly six percent. On the day of its announcement for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, some fans started petitioning Rockstar Games for the game to be made available on Microsoft Windows as well. Per an exclusivity agreement with Sony Interactive Entertainment, certain online game content will be timed exclusives for the PlayStation 4. Originally due for release in the second half of 2017, the game was delayed

title: Red Dead Redemption

text: for free on September 13, 2011, added additional characters from the single-player campaign. A "Game of the Year Edition" containing all downloadable content was released for both PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, on October 11, 2011 in North America and on October 14, 2011 internationally. Additionally, Microsoft added the game to its backwards compatibility list for Xbox One platforms in July 2016. "Red Dead Redemption" was released to critical acclaim. Review aggregator website Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating in the 0–100 range, calculated an average score of 95 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim", based on 73 reviews for

title: Red Dead

text: series if "Red Dead Redemption 2" does well financially. In each game in the franchise, the player takes the role of an outlaw in the waning years of the American Old West. All three titles are third-person shooters (although "Red Dead Redemption 2" gives you the option to play in first-person) yet there are crucial differences between them. The first game in the series follows a linear storyline with fixed, limited locations. "Red Dead Redemption" however provides the player with an open world setting and gives them various options for exploration, random encounters and side-missions. "Red Dead Redemption 2" is

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: marks, commenting ""Red Dead Redemption 2" stands shoulder-to-shoulder with "Grand Theft Auto V" as one of the greatest games of the modern age. It's a gorgeous depiction of an ugly period that's patient, polished, and a huge amount of fun to play, and it's combined with Rockstar's best storytelling to date. Even after finishing the lengthy story I can't wait to go back and play more." In another full score review, "Electronic Gaming Monthly" wrote: "Criticisms often come easier than compliments, but in the case of "Red Dead Redemption 2", I am at a loss. This is one of the

title: Development of Red Dead Redemption

text: officially announced in 2009; it was heavily promoted and widely anticipated. Rockstar improved their proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) to increase its animation and draw distance rendering capabilities. The game uses the Euphoria and Bullet engines for further animation and environment rendering tasks. The developers felt inspired to create the game after realising the potential power of both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, having exhausted the use of older hardware on previous projects. The development team conducted extensive research, visiting historical American landmarks and analyzing classic Western films, to achieve realism while creating the game. The game's open

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: predicted that "Red Dead Redemption 2" would be the best-selling game of 2018, outselling other blockbuster titles like "", "Battlefield V", and "Fallout 76". "Red Dead Redemption 2" is the best-selling retail game in its first week of release and the second-fastest-selling game of 2018 in the UK, behind "FIFA 19". The game's opening week UK physical sales were doubled from its predecessor's with 68% of sales being the PS4 version and the remainder on the Xbox One. "Red Dead Redemption 2" is also the third-fastest-selling non-"FIFA" game released this generation, behind "" and "". Within its first week on

title: Red Dead

text: additional content was released in October 2011."Red Dead Redemption 2", averaging 97% for both platforms on Metacritic, was also widely acclaimed by critics, who praised the same aspects as well as its significant level of detail, winning a number of awards from publications. While not as best-selling as its sister franchise "Grand Theft Auto", "Red Dead" is still a financial success. "Red Dead Revolver" sold 920,000 copies in North America as of July 2, 2010."Red Dead Redemption" broke the records of its previous game, having shipped over 11 million copies by August 2011 and over 15 million copies by February

title: Red Dead Redemption

text: provide a rich experience for players. He summarized by stating "you can also expect a fantastic game that offers the Western experience we've all been waiting for." "Game Informer" called the scenery "breathtaking", and the cinematic cutscenes "vastly improved" over "Grand Theft Auto IV", and named it the "best-looking Rockstar game to date". The music, sound and voice acting in the game was also widely praised and spoken about. It won the Best Original Music and Best Voice Acting awards from GameSpot. When talking about the sound design of "Red Dead Redemption", "Game Informer" said "From pitch-perfect gunshots to the

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: an excellent prequel, but it's also an emotional, thought-provoking story in its own right, and it's a world that is hard to leave when it's done." Peter Suderman, writing for "The New York Times", considered "Red Dead Redemption 2" as an example of video games as a work of art, comparing the game's abilities to "[tell] individual stories against the backdrop of national and cultural identity, deconstructing their genres while advancing the form" to the current state of film and television with similar works like "The Godfather" and "The Sopranos". Some criticism focused on the game's control system, which was

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: Sadie, and Charles. Afterward, Sadie and Charles leave for other pursuits. The final scene shows Pinkerton agents Ross and Fordham observing John's ranch, initiating the events of "Red Dead Redemption". "Red Dead Redemption 2" was developed by Rockstar Studios, a collaborative effort between all of Rockstar Games' studios functioning as a single team, using the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE). Woody Jackson, who co-composed the score of "Red Dead Redemption", reprises his role. The game was announced in October 2016. In the two days prior, the company had used various social media platforms as well as their own website

title: Red Dead

text: 2017."Red Dead Redemption 2" however, marked the franchise's commercial achievement. In three days, the game generated $725 million in revenue, officially having the largest opening weekend in history of entertainment as well as being the second highest-selling entertainment launch, behind "Grand Theft Auto V", another widely popular title from Rockstar Games. Two weeks after launch, the game already shipped over 17 million units, thus exceeding its predecessors' lifetime sales. Red Dead Red Dead is a series of Western-themed action-adventure video games published by Rockstar Games. The first entry in the series, "Red Dead Revolver", was released on the PlayStation 2

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: sale in Japan, the PlayStation 4 version of Red Dead Redemption 2 sold 132,984 copies, which placed it at number one on the all format video game sales chart. Rockstar Games announced that "Red Dead Redemption 2" had the largest opening weekend in the history of entertainment, making over $725 million in revenue in three days, and over 17 million copies in total in two weeks, exceeding the lifetime sales of "Red Dead Redemption". Additionally, "Red Dead Redemption 2" is also the second highest-grossing entertainment launch (behind "Grand Theft Auto V") and set records for largest ever preorders, largest first-day

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: as those from the Ku Klux Klan. On November 8, 2018, YouTube restored the channel and designated an age restriction to the suffragette videos, commenting "Sometimes we make mistakes, which is why we have multiple escalation paths for reviewers to raise tough decisions and we give creators the right to appeal. The reviewer will be educated on this outcome and on how to avoid repeating this mistake." Red Dead Redemption 2 Red Dead Redemption 2 is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on October 26, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One

title: Development of Red Dead Redemption

text: "Red Dead Redemption" was the focus of the May 7, 2010 episode of "GameTrailers TV with Geoff Keighley", featuring exclusive gameplay footage of the game. The final pre-launch trailer was released on May 13, 2010. Viral marketing strategies were used to market the game. The official "Red Dead Redemption" website was redesigned on March 16, April 14, April 21, April 26, May 10, and May 12, 2010. To encourage pre-order sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide pre-order bonuses. These included an exclusive outfit, weapon and horse for players to use in the game. The game's official soundtrack

title: Red Dead Redemption

title: Development of Red Dead Redemption

text: fourth gameplay video, titled "Life in the West Part II", was released on April 2, 2010. It further showcased the activities available in the game. This was followed by "Multiplayer Free Roam" on April 8, 2010 and "Multiplayer Competitive Modes" on April 22, 2010, both of which displayed exclusive footage from the online multiplayer mode of the game. From April 27, 2010, a trailer for the game was aired as a television commercial in the United States. A further video for the game, titled "Revolution", was released on May 7, 2010. It focused on the Mexican characters of the game.

title: Development of Red Dead Redemption

text: began in 2005; full development commenced in 2006, following the formation of a core development team. Rockstar San Diego co-opted a number of other studios owned by parent company Rockstar Games to facilitate development between a full team of over 800. Media analysts estimated the development budget for the game was between US$80 million and US$100 million, making "Red Dead Redemption" one of the most expensive video games ever made. "Red Dead Redemption" primarily takes place in 1911. The team chose this time period as they felt that exploring the transformation from "the old West" into the modern world was

title: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: The story also follows fellow gang member John Marston, protagonist from the first "Red Dead Redemption". "Red Dead Redemption 2" is presented through both first and third-person perspectives, and the player may freely roam in its interactive open world. Gameplay elements include shootouts, heists, hunting, horseback riding, interacting with any non-player character (NPC), and maintaining the character's honor rating through moral choices and deeds. A bounty system similar to the "wanted" system from the "Grand Theft Auto" franchise governs the response of law enforcement and bounty hunters to crimes committed by the player. "Red Dead Online", the online multiplayer mode

title: Call of Duty: Black Ops 4

text: "Call of Duty 2"; titles since then have all been released in November. The release of "Call of Duty: Black Ops 4" a month earlier was thought to be due to Rockstar Games's much anticipated release of "Red Dead Redemption 2" on October 26. Like previous titles, a private beta for the multiplayer mode was offered to players who pre-ordered the game. On July 11, 2018, Activision and Treyarch announced the dates for the multiplayer beta: PlayStation 4 players had an exclusive first beta weekend from August 3 to 6, while a second weekend from August 10 to 13 was

title: Red Dead Redemption

text: the PlayStation 3 version and 96 reviews for the Xbox 360 version. Commercially, the game has also been very successful. By August 2011, the game had shipped over 11 million copies, 2 million of which were retail units of "Undead Nightmare". , "Red Dead Redemption" has shipped over 15 million units. Many critics praised the landscape, environment and graphics of "Red Dead Redemption". Erik Brudvig of IGN lauded the environmental details, noting the player can even scare a flock of birds from the bushes as they ride past. He also noted that the game's dynamic events, weather and ambient sounds

title: Red Dead Redemption

long_answer: Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in May 2010. It is the second title in the Red Dead franchise, after 2004's Red Dead Revolver. The game, set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911, follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets out to bring the three members of his former gang to justice.


question: when was the first driver's license required

answers: 1888

answers: 1 January 1904

title: Driver's license

text: the last of them being Belgium where, until 1977, it was possible to purchase and hold a license without having to undergo a driving test. As automobile-related fatalities soared in North America, public outcry provoked legislators to begin studying the French and German statutes as models. On August 1, 1910, North America's first licensing law for motor vehicles went into effect in the US state of New York, though it initially applied only to professional chauffeurs. In July 1913, the state of New Jersey became the first to require "all" drivers to pass a mandatory examination before receiving a license.

title: Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles

text: themselves. The plate numbers 1-100 were assigned to various state officials. In 1927, the DMV was established as a separate department. Charles Pierce became the first Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The first Financial Responsibility Insurance Act was passed (possibly the first Act of its kind in the United States). In 1928 after the Secretary of State suggested denying driving privileges to all of those who are under 18 years of age, a compromise was reached whereby those age 16 and 17 may apply for "Junior Operator" licenses, the first of which were issued in January. In 1935 the legislature passed

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: . As the number of motor vehicles reached tens of thousands, state and local governments assumed a new power: authorizing vehicles and drivers. In 1901, New York became the first state to register automobiles; by 1918 all states required license plates. States were slower to require licenses for drivers. Only 39 states issued them by 1935 and few required a test, despite widespread concern about incompetent drivers. Early motorists were taught to drive by automobile salesmen, family and friends, or organizations like the YMCA. By the 1930s, many high schools offered driver education. Some states also have additional classifications. Hawaii,

title: Leonard Mackenzie Reilly

text: passed his last driver's license test at age 95. He first entered political life in 1947, running as an aldermanic candidate. He was elected as one of two councillors in Ward 9 in Toronto. He was re-elected as a councillor in 1948, but he lost in 1949 when he attempted to secure one of the four positions on the Board of Control. In 1951, he returned to municipal politics, winning acclamation as a councillor in Ward 9, a position he successfully defended in the elections in 1952, 1953 and 1954. He chose not to run in the 1955 election. Reilly

title: Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles

text: the first motor vehicle inspection law. It also passed an act authorizing prison inmates to manufacture license plates, a practice that continues today. By 1936 the number of licensed operators in the State exceeded 100,000. A person who lives and drives in Vermont must obtain a Vermont driver's license. A person who has moved into the state from another jurisdiction with a valid license from that state must obtain a Vermont license within 60 days of moving into the state. In accordance with state and federal law, any person holding a commercial driver license from another state must transfer their

title: David Renton

text: that "Democracy has its limitations." His memoirs, "The Spice of Life", were published in 2006. In July 2003, just short of his 95th birthday, he passed his driving test for the first time. He was a regular driver since 1934, at a time when there was no formal driving test in the United Kingdom, although he stopped driving some time before he died. In passing his driving test, he became the oldest person to pass the driving test in the United Kingdom. He married Claire Cicely ("Paddy") Duncan in 1947. They had three daughters. His wife died of cancer in

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: the first such license approved under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative; according to a Homeland Security press release, the department is also working with Arizonan authorities to develop enhanced driver's licenses. On September 16, 2008, New York began issuing enhanced driver's licenses that meet WHTI requirements. Texas was expected to also implement an enhanced driver's license program, but the program has been blocked by Texas Governor Rick Perry, despite a state law authorizing the Texas Department of Public Safety to issue EDLs and a ruling by the state attorney general, Greg Abbott, that Texas's production of EDLs would comply with

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving organization for the use of photo ID age verification in conjunction with increasing the drinking age to 21 in order to reduce underage drinking led to photographs being added to all state licenses. New York and Tennessee were the last states to add photos in 1986. However, New Jersey later allowed drivers to get non-photo licenses; this was later revoked. Vermont license holders have the option of receiving a non-photo license. All Tennessee drivers aged 60 years of age or older had the option of a non-photo driver's license prior to January 2013, when

title: Commercial driver's license

text: license (CDL) Program in 1986, licensing requirements for driving larger vehicles and buses varied from state to state. Many drivers were operating motor vehicles that they may not have been trained or qualified to drive. This lack of training resulted in a large number of preventable traffic deaths and accidents. 1986 when the Act became law, all drivers have been required to have a CDL in order to drive a Commercial Motor Vehicle. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed testing standards for licensing drivers. U.S. states are able to issue CDLs only after a written and practical test have

title: Driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in the United States

text: were able to get a driver's license since the early 1990s. However, California blocked off this access in 1991, by asking all driver license applicants to provide a social security number. Two years later, California explicitly committed to denying illegal aliens access to state issued driver's licenses by passing Senate Bill 976. Under SB 976 anyone requesting a driver's license from the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) needed to provide proof of lawful presence in the United States. The denial of driver's licenses to the undocumented community did not sit well with some of California's state legislators. Gil Cedillo, for

title: Joshua's Law

text: Joshua's Law Joshua’s Law is a Georgia state law enacted in 2007 changing the driver's license requirements for teen drivers. A teen driver must meet the requirements to obtain a Georgia driver’s license. The law was named after Joshua Brown, who lost his life in an accident in 2003. Joshua’s parents rallied with legislators in an effort to put stronger driver training laws into effect. The end result was The Teenage and Adult Driver Responsibility Act (TADRA), a law that requires teens get specific driving experience and instruction before obtaining licensing beyond the learner's permit. The law also implemented a

title: Graduated driver licensing

text: driver of 21 years of age or older. A 16-year-old licensee may be able to drive unsupervised with permission. However, between 12 am and 6 am, 16-year-olds need supervision unless performing necessary activities. According to the National Safety Council, other states follow similar types of restrictions. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) first commenced in Australia in the mid-1960s with New South Wales introducing provisional licences on 4 January 1966. Learner licences had been in use since 1952. The provisional phase was for 12 months and had 40 mph speed restriction. Today in all Australian states, newly licensed drivers are required by

title: Ignition interlock device

text: their driver license. This was mandated in honor of Leandra Rosado who died riding in a vehicle driven by a drunk driver. A conviction of Driving While Impaired with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.15 or more or another conviction within the past seven years will require an ignition interlock device to be installed on the vehicle. Effective July 2, 2009, anyone convicted of a DUI, whether it be a first offense or a subsequent offense, will be required to have an ignition interlock device placed on their car — for 18 months for first time offense. Effective July 1,

title: Russell Pearce

text: application or via SSOLV, and remains on the Arizona drivers license file. Pearce oversaw the implementation of a law requiring that applicants for drivers licenses provide either a birth certificate proving they are United States citizens, or documents proving they are in the United States legally. Pearce was discharged from the position of Director of the Arizona Motor Vehicle Division in August 1999 by Arizona Department of Transportation Director Mary Peters, after an investigation revealed that two of Pearce's subordinates had tampered with a Tucson woman's driving record. Pearce later said he was cleared of wrongdoing, but Peters told the

title: Lori Erica Ruff

text: where she obtained a state ID card on June 16 using the girl's birth certificate. After obtaining the driver's license, Ruff went before a judge in Dallas on July 5, 1988 and legally changed her name to Lori Erica Kennedy; a week later she obtained a Social Security number, effectively erasing her past. She received a Texas driver license in 1989, and the next year qualified for a GED. She enrolled in Dallas County Community College. She eventually graduated from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1997, with a degree in Business Administration. A man who knew Ruff has

title: Driver's license

text: the motor vehicle must be in possession of a valid Driver's Permit on their person and is legally endorsed for that class of vehicle. Contravention to the aforementioned could warrant a fine of up to and imprisonment. The eligible age to first obtain a driver's license varies substantially from state to state, from 14 years, three months, in South Dakota to 17 in New Jersey. In a majority of states one can obtain a license that allows driving without adult supervision by age 16, after passing the requisite tests. Since the driver's license is a commonplace document that carries much

title: Newly licensed driver plate

text: usually 12 months later. After passing the driver must display 'P' plates. Holders of a provisional/probationary licence may be restricted compared to fully licensed drivers in speed, blood alcohol limits, limits on the type and power of their car's engine (i.e., no more than 6 cylinders, no forced induction), and number of demerit points that can be deducted. VicRoads, the Victorian road authority, publish information for learner drivers on the L-Site. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) first commenced in Australia in the mid-1960s with New South Wales introducing learner and provisional licences in 1966. In all states, newly licensed drivers are

title: Jean Frances Howard

text: to provide the tests, Howard was made a "special" test administrator. Despite an added responsibility on top of her dispatcher position, Howard was still paid her original salary. After Alaska ratified the Equal Rights Amendment, she applied to become an Alaska state trooper. She passed the required tests and on September 17, 1969, Howard became the first woman state trooper in Alaska. She also became "the first unrestricted state officer in the United States". Upon becoming a state trooper, Howard denied being a "women's rights advocate", and that "it just sorta happened", referring to her becoming a trooper. In 2009,

title: Mary Millicent Miller

text: in New Orleans as supervising inspector of the SIS Tenth District, Folger proclaimed that she should be allowed a master's license if she could do the expected work of a master with no allowance for her sex. Miller took the tests required for a master's license, and took the required oath on February 16, 1884. That same day, "Harper's Weekly" ran a cartoon entitled, "By All Means Commission The Ladies," and her picture appeared in the same publication on March 8, 1884. From then on she was the captain of their ship, the "Saline". Respected steamboat masters publicly proclaimed her

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: the state of Arizona. Most states require that when a driver establishes residence in a state, he or she must obtain a license issued by that state within a certain time frame. Because there is no national identity card in the United States, the driver's license is often used as the "de facto" equivalent for completion of many common business and governmental transactions. As a result, driver's licenses are the focus of many kinds of identity theft. Driver's licenses were not always identification cards. In many states, driver's licenses did not even have a photograph well into the 1980s. Activism

title: Driver licence in New Zealand

text: in rural areas without access to public transport to drive themselves to school, when they become old enough to drive. At 105 as of 2018, New Zealand's oldest driver is Bill Mitchell. He has been driving over 90 years. Driver licence in New Zealand The New Zealand driver licence system is a graduated system that has been in place (with modifications, such as the L-plate requirement) since 1987. It consists of three phases for a car licence, each with varying levels of conditions. The New Zealand driver licence allows the holder to drive specified vehicles with or without restrictions on

title: Gertrude Jeannette

text: Rock, Arkansas during the Great Depression, and she enrolled at the segregated Dunbar High School. In 1935 she became the first woman to get a license to drive a motorcycle in New York City, and she joined her husband's motorcycle club in the early 1940s. In 1942, she took and passed the cab driver's test and became the first female cab driver in New York City. In 1949, she was present at the Peekskill Riots, when the Ku Klux Klan attempted to lynch Paul Robeson. Her husband worked as a bodyguard for Robeson, and during the riot, she and her

title: Dorsey Schroeder

text: 19, he became the first person under the age of 21 to be issued an SCCA National competition license. Dorsey was a successful sports car driver throughout the 1990s in the Trans-Am series, winning the championship with Roush Racing as a rookie in 1989 with six wins. In 1990, he was named IMSA GT Championship GTO class champion with three wins. Between 1998 and 2002, he also competed in Grand-Am and American Le Mans series events, recording a win at Mid-Ohio in 1998 for Dyson Racing. In recent years, Schroeder has competed in IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship races at Daytona

title: Driver's license

text: while under the supervision of an authorised driving instructor, is 18. A provisional driving licence is obtained once the individual has passed the basic theory test. PDL holders are then required to sit for and pass the final theory test before they are allowed to sit for the practical driving test. Once they have passed the practical driving test, they are issued with a driving licence which allows for driving without supervision, though new drivers are required to display probationary plates when driving for the first year after their licence is issued. In South Korea, one must be holding a

title: Driver's license

text: Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his Motorwagen.  Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly ad hoc, if at all.

title: Annie Walker (Coronation Street)

text: she continued to rule with an iron fist. In 1976, when her business was threatened by Renee Bradshaw's (Madge Hindle) application to turn the Corner Shop into an off-licence, Annie petitioned against her, but the matter was settled in court in favour of Renee. At 67, Annie decided to learn to drive, and to pass her test after fewer than 86 lessons - the number her friend and rival Nellie Harvey (Mollie Sugden) had taken. To the surprise of all (after her first lesson ended with her hitting a lamp post), she passed her test first time and bought a

title: Driver's manual

text: manuals. The beginning of every manual starts with how to get a driver’s license. It informs us about what types of identification is needed, and who is eligible to apply for a license. In most states, you “must provide documentary proof of their full legal name, age, Social Security number, citizenship, or legal presence and address.” (Ohio Driver’s Manual). In all states there is a minimum age requirement for getting a driver’s permit, which later leads into receiving a full driver’s license. This age limit varies by state. “The person must also be in good general health, and can have

title: Driver's license

text: given, the driver must satisfy the condition below to be able to drive. Drving a vehicle without satisfying the given condition is considered as unlicensed driving. New E-Smart Card driving licenses are available in Sri Lanka. These cards are intended for the use in the proposed "Point System". In Sri Lanka, a driving license is the official document which authorizes its holder to operate various types of motor vehicles on public roads. They are administered by the Department of Motor Traffic (DMT). The minimum age is 18 years for all vehicle types. Driving in Thailand without a driver's license is

title: Ann Richards

text: backed proposals to reduce the sale of semi-automatic firearms and "cop-killer" bullets in the state. She signed into law the amendment of the Texas Financial Responsibility Law where renewal of a motor vehicle's registration (also covers initial registration of a motor vehicle), safety inspection sticker, driver's license, and/or obtaining new license plates require that a motorist must have a valid auto insurance policy. The law, which passed on September 1, 1991, broadens the 1982 law where a police officer will request a driver's license and proof of insurance during a traffic stop. She appointed then State Representative Lena Guerrero of

title: Graduated driver licensing

text: license status (and hence of restrictions that may apply). Receipt of a full drivers license typically requires a specific minimum age, a minimum time period of driving experience, and may require the passing of a final road test of driving skills or the passing of a hazard perception test. The first graduated driver licensing systems involving a learner licensing phase, an intermediate, provisional or probationary licensing phase, and full licensing were developed in Australia in the 1960s, but the advocacy of graduated driver licensing in North America is associated with Professor Patricia Waller, of the University of North Carolina Injury

title: Driver's license