question: where did the crown of thorns starfish come from

answers: Indo-Pacific

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: occurs where coral reefs or hard coral communities occur in this region. The body form of the crown-of-thorns starfish is fundamentally the same as that of a typical starfish, with a central disk and radiating arms. Its special traits, however, include being disc-shaped, multiple-armed, flexible, prehensile, and heavily spined, and having a large ratio of stomach surface to body mass. Its prehensile ability arises from the two rows of numerous tube feet that extend to the tip of each arm. In being multiple-armed, it has lost the five-fold symmetry (pentamerism) typical of starfish, although it begins its life cycle with

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: the starfish found no evidence of the starfish in the fish's guts. These carnivorous fish were caught commercially on the coral reefs on the Gulf of Oman and examined at local fish markets. One problem with the concept of predators of large juvenile and adult starfish causing total mortality is that the starfish have good regenerative powers and they wouldn't keep still while being eaten. Also, they would need to be consumed completely or almost completely to die. 17–60% of starfish in various populations had missing or regenerating arms. Clearly the starfish experience various levels of sublethal predation. When the

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: it eradicates the bulk of the starfish in a given area, human divers can move in and remove the survivors. Field trials of the robot have begun in Moreton Bay in Brisbane to refine its navigation system, according to Queensland University of Technology researcher Matthew Dunbabin. There are no crown-of-thorns starfish in Moreton Bay, but when the navigation has been refined, the robot will be used on the reef. Crown-of-thorns starfish The crown-of-thorns starfish, "Acanthaster planci", is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia). The crown-of-thorns starfish receives its name from venomous thorn-like spines that

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: was an initial period of relatively slow growth while the starfish were feeding on coralline algae. This was followed by a phase of rapid growth which led to sexual maturity at the end of the second year. The starfish were in the vicinity of 200 mm diameter at this stage. They continued to grow rapidly and were in the order of 300 mm at 3 years of age. Then they reached a plateau between 3 and 4 years and tended to decline after 4 years. Gonad development was greater in the third and subsequent years than at 2 years and

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: (four locations), Micronesia (two locations), and samples from one location each of the Great Barrier Reef, Fiji, Hawaii, and Gulf of California. A sample of 10 specimens of "A. brevispinus" from the Great Barrier Reef region was included for comparison. There was considerable genetic differentiation between the "A. brevispinus" and "A. planci" populations (D= 0.20 +/- 0.02)(D is genetic distance). The genetic differences between geographic populations of "A. planci" were, however, small (D = 0.03 +/- 0.00; Fsr = 0.07 + 0.02) (Fsr is standardized genetic variance for each polymorphic locus) despite the great distances separating them. A positive correlation

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: between the Indian and Pacific Ocean populations. Those, however, off northern Western Australia had a strong Pacific affinity. With the exception of the very strong connection of southern Japanese populations to the Great Barrier Reef populations, the patterns of variation within regions were consistent with isolation by distance. Again, the pattern of decreasing levels of successful larval dispersal over long distances is apparent. Benzie suggests that the divergence between Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean populations began at least 1.6 million years ago and is likely to reflect responses to changes in climate and sea level. A more recent comprehensive geographic

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: spines on the sides of the starfish's arms and upper (aboral) surface resemble thorns and create a crown-like shape, giving the creature its name. The spines are stiff and very sharp, and readily pierce through soft surfaces. Despite the battery of sharp spines on the aboral surface and blunt spines on the oral surface, the crown-of-thorns starfish's general body surface is membranous and soft. When the starfish is removed from the water, the body surface ruptures and the body fluid leaks out, so the body collapses and flattens. The spines bend over and flatten, as well. They recover their shape

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: fecundity of this starfish. Babcock et al. (1993) monitored changes in fecundity and fertility (fertilisation rate) over the spawning season of the Crown-of-thorns starfish on Davies Reef, central Great Barrier Reef, from 1990 to 1992. The starfish were observed to spawn (photograph) from December to January (early to mid-summer) in this region with most observations being in January. However, both gonadosomatic index and fertility peaked early and declined to low levels by late January, indicating that most successful reproductive events took place early in the spawning season. In northern hemisphere coral reefs however, crown-of-thorns populations reproduce in April and May,

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: in the central (Hawaii) and eastern Pacific (Gulf of California) populations suggests they were derived from those in the western Pacific. Further details of the genetic relationship between "A. planci" and "Acanthaster brevispinus" are presented in the entry for the latter species. These are clearly sibling species and it is suggested that "A. planci", the specialised coral-feeding species arose from "A. brevispinus", the less specialised soft-bottom inhabitant. In a very comprehensive geographic study, Benzie examined allozyme loci variation in 20 populations of " A. planci", throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The most striking result was a very marked discontinuity

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: testes are readily distinguished with the former being more yellow and having larger lobes. In section they are very different with the ovaries densely filled with nutrient-packed ova (see ovum and photograph) and the testes densely filled with sperm, which consist of little more than a nucleus and flagellum. Fecundity in female Crown-of-thorns starfish is related to size with large starfish committing proportionally more energy into ova production such that a: In coral reefs in the Philippines, female specimens were found with a gonadosomatic index (ratio of gonad mass to body mass) as high as 22%, which underlines the high

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: ellisii" came to be used for the distinctive starfish in the eastern Pacific Gulf of California. The eastern Pacific "Acanthaster" is very distinctive (see image to the right) with its rather 'plump' body, large disk to total diameter ratio and short, blunt spines. It gives the impression of living in a habitat where having sharp defenses against predators has little value, although it lives on coral reef and feeds on coral. Nishida and Lucas examined variation at 14 allozyme loci of ten population samples of "A. planci" using starch-gel electrophoresis. The samples were from localities across the Pacific: Ryukyu archipelago

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: hypotheses focused on changes in the survival of juvenile and adult starfish - the "predator removal hypothesis": Many of the reports of fish preying on "Acanthaster" are single observations or presumed predation from the nature of the fish. For example, the humphead wrasse may prey on the starfish amongst its more usual diet. Individual puffer fish and trigger-fish have been observed to feed crown-of-thorns starfish in the Red Sea, but there is no evidence that they are a significant factor in population control. A study, however, based on the stomach contents of large carnivorous fish that are potential predators of

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: this symmetry. Adult crown-of-thorns starfish normally range in size from . They have up to 21 arms. Although the body of the crown of thorns has a stiff appearance, it is able to bend and twist to fit around the contours of the corals on which it feeds. The underside of each arm has a series of closely fitting plates which form a groove and extend in rows to the mouth. They are usually of subdued colours, pale brown to grey-green, but they may be garish with bright warning colours in some parts of their wide range. The long, sharp

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: survival rate increases to 0.1% (one in a thousand) throughout development from one spawning of 20 million eggs this would result in 20,000 adult starfish where the larvae have recruited. Since the larvae are the most abundant stages of development it is likely that changes in survival will be most importance during this phase of development. Temperature and salinity have little effect on the survival of crown-of-thorns larvae. However, abundance and species of the particular component of phytoplankton (unicellular flagellates) on which the larvae feed has a profound effect on survival and rate of growth. The abundance of phytoplankton cells

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: central Great Barrier Reef region, large starfish (40 cm and greater diameter) killed about 61 cm²/day in winter and 357–478 cm²/day in summer. Smaller starfish, 20–39 cm, killed 155 and 234 cm²/day in the equivalent seasons. The area killed by the large starfish is equivalent to about from these observations. Differences in feeding and locomotion rates between summer and winter reflect the fact that the crown-of-thorns, like all marine invertebrates, is a poikilotherm whose body temperature and metabolic rate are directly affected by the temperature of the surrounding water. In tropical coral reefs, crown-of-thorns specimens reach mean locomotion rates of

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: that it was first described in 1705. Rhumphius used the name "Stella marina quindecium radiotorum". Later, Linnaeus described it as "Asterias planci", based on an illustration by Plancus and Gualtieri (1743), when he introduced his system of binomial nomenclature. No type specimens are known; the specimen described by Plancus and Gualtieri (1743) is no longer extant. Subsequent generic names used for the crown-of-thorns starfish included "Stellonia", "Echinaster" and "Echinites", before settling on "Acanthaster" (Gervais 1841). Species names included "echintes", "solaris", "mauritensis", "ellisii", and "ellisii pseudoplanci" (with subspecies). Most of these names arose from confusion in the historical literature, but "Acanthaster

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: starfish larvae in experimental studies gave support for a mechanism for starfish outbreaks: increased terrestrial runoff → increased nutrients denser phytoplankton↑→ better larval survival → increased starfish populations There have been further conformations of these connections, however research by Olson (1987), Kaufmann (2002), and Byrne (2016) suggests terrestrial runoff has little or no impact on larval survival. The conflicting data describing the negligible role of terrestrial agricultural runoff has been described as "an inconvenient study". There is also a flow-on effect in that where there are large starfish populations producing large numbers of larvae, there is likely to be heavy

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: coral reefs where "A. planci" hasn't been found to the more typical reefs with "A. planci". Some ecologists suggest that the starfish has an important and active role in maintaining coral reef biodiversity, driving ecological succession. Before overpopulation became a significant issue, crown-of-thorns prevented fast-growing coral from overpowering the slower growing coral varieties. At high densities ('outbreaks', 'plagues'), which may be defined as when the starfish are too abundant for the coral food supply, coral cover goes into decline. The starfish must broaden their diet from their preferred species, colony size and shape. The starfish often aggregate during feeding, even

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: is especially important. As autotrophs, phytoplankton abundance is strongly influenced by the concentration of inorganic nutrients, such as nitrogenous compounds. Birkeland had observed a correlation between the abundance of crown-of-thorns on reefs adjacent to land masses. These occurred on mainland islands as distinct from coral atolls about three years after heavy rainfall that followed a period of drought. He suggested that runoff from such heavy rainfall may stimulate phytoplankton blooms of sufficient size to produce enough food for the larvae of "A. planci" through input of nutrients. Combining Birkeland observations with the influence of inorganic nutrients on survival of the

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: was observed between degree of genetic differentiation and geographic distance, suggesting the genetic homogeneity among "A. planci" populations is due to gene flow by planktonic larval dispersion. The distance effect on genetic differentiation most probably reflects decreasing levels of successful larval dispersal over long distances. In view of the level of macrogeographic homogeneity, significant allele frequency differences were observed between adjacent populations separated by approximately 10 km. The Hawaiian population was most differentiated from other populations. Treating the morphologically distinctive, eastern Pacific "Acanthaster" as a separate species, "A. ellisii", is not supported by these data. The lack of unique alleles

title: Environmental issues with coral reefs

text: one meter) starfish protected by long, venomous spines. Its enzyme system dissolves the wax in stony corals, and allows the starfish to feed on the living animal. Starfish face predators of their own, such as the giant triton sea snail. However, the giant triton is valued for its shell and has been over fished. As a result, crown-of-thorns starfish populations can periodically grow unchecked, devastating reefs. Although some marine aquarium fish species can reproduce in aquaria (such as Pomacentridae), most (95%) are collected from coral reefs. Intense harvesting, especially in maritime Southeast Asia (including Indonesia and the Philippines), damages the

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: ward off the starfish as it seeks to spread its stomach over the coral surface. In reef areas of low densities of hard coral, reflecting the nature of the reef community or due to feeding by high density crown-of-thorns, the starfish may be found feeding on soft corals (Alcyonacea). The starfish are cryptic in behavior during their first two years, emerging at night to feed. They usually remain so as adults when solitary. The only evidence of a hidden individual may be white feeding scars on adjacent coral. However, their behavior changes under two circumstances: The elongated sharp spines covering

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: of great anxiety about the nature of the starfish outbreaks on the GBR. They were regarded as not coming to terms with the unprecedented nature and magnitude of this problem and the two references above. Many scientists were criticised for not being able to give definitive but unsubstantiated answers. Others were more definitive in their answers Scientists were criticised for their reticence and for disagreeing on the nature and causes of the outbreaks on the GBR, hence the publication 'Starfish Wars' (cf. 'Star Wars'). There was serious discussion and some strongly held views about the causes of this phenomenon. Some

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: acunimata", were included in the aquaria with the encrusting algae and at about the time the juvenile starfish achieved their full number of arms they began feeding on the corals. Juvenile "A. planci" that had reached the stage of feeding on coral were then reared for some years in the same large closed-circuit seawater system that was used for the early juveniles. They were moved to larger tanks and kept supplied with coral so that food was not a limiting factor on growth rate. The growth curves of size versus age were sigmoidal, as seen in majority marine invertebrates. There

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: A. planci has a very wide Indo-Pacific distribution.  It is perhaps most common in Australia, but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the east African coast across the Indian Ocean, and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America. It occurs where coral reefs or hard coral communities occur in this region.

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: with the sigmoidal pattern of size versus age observed in laboratory studies, i.e. slow initial growth, a phase of very rapid growth beginning at coral feeding and tapering off of growth after the starfish reaches sexual maturity. In reefs in the Philippines, female and male specimens matured at 13 and 16 cm respectively. Stump identified bands in the upper surface spines of "A. planci" and attributed these to annual growth bands. He didn't report growth rates based on these age determinations, and mark and recapture data, but he reported that the growth bands revealed 12+ year-old starfish: much older than

title: Toxopneustes pileolus

text: internal organs of flower urchins. A follow-up study by Japanese researchers in 2001 confirmed that the viscera of flower urchins could indeed attract crown-of-thorns starfish in both aquarium and open sea experiments. The attractant compounds were isolated and identified as arachidonic acid and α-linolenic acid. The authors believe that this discovery may be used to augment population control measures of the crown-of-thorns starfish, which are highly destructive to coral reefs. Toxopneustes pileolus Toxopneustes pileolus, commonly known as the flower urchin, is a widespread and commonly encountered species of sea urchin from the Indo-West Pacific. It is considered highly dangerous, as

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: many newspaper reports and publications such as 'Requiem for the Reef', which also suggested that there was a cover-up of the extent of damage. There was a popular idea that the coral and with it whole reefs were being destroyed by the starfish. In fact, as described above, the starfish preys on coral by digesting the surface of living tissue from the coral skeletons. These skeletons persist, together with the mass of coralline algae that is essential for reef integrity. The initial change (first order effect) is loss of the veneer of living coral tissue. "A. planci" is a component

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: of a proportion of individuals with regenerating arms. A variety of about 11 species have been reported to prey occasionally on uninjured and healthy adults of "A. planci". All of these are generalist feeders and none of these, however, seems to specifically prefer the starfish as a food source. This number, however, is probably lower, as some of these presumed predators have not been witnessed reliably in the field. Some of those witnessed are: Gonads increase in size as the animals become sexually mature and at maturity fill the arms and extend into the disk region. The ripe ovaries and

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish

text: and 400 mm diameter females potentially spawn approximately 4, 30 and 50 million eggs, respectively (see also Gametes and embryos). Lucas adopted a different approach, focusing on the survival of the larvae arising from the eggs. The rationale for this approach was that small changes in the survival of larvae and developmental stages would result in very large changes in the adult population. Considering two hypothetical situations. Twenty million eggs, from a female spawning and having a survival rate of about 0.00000001% throughout development would replace two adult starfish in a low-density population where the larvae recruit. If, however, the

title: Crown-of-thorns starfish


question: when does the movie the star come out

answers: November 17, 2017

title: Movie Star (song)

text: Movie Star (song) "Movie Star" is a song by Irish singer Róisín Murphy from her second studio album, "Overpowered" (2007). It was written by Murphy, Paul "Seiji" Dolby and Mike Patto, while production was handled by Parrot & Dean. The song was released digitally in the United States on 14 October 2008 as the album's fourth and final single. The track was set to be released as the album's fourth single on 21 July 2008, but was then pushed back many times for a release in November. It was to be released as a double A-side single with a cover

title: The Movie Star

text: The Movie Star "The Movie Star" is the eleventh episode of the American television series, "Smash". The episode aired on April 16, 2012. Rehearsal with Rebecca Duvall (Uma Thurman) as Marilyn gets off to a bumpy start. Within minutes, everyone realizes Duvall can't sing very well. Additionally, Duvall is unprofessional and self-centered, continually trying to change the show, blowing off events and showing up late, and creating a scene when a drunken ex-lover crashes rehearsal. In order to compensate for Duvall's lack of theatrical skills, Derek creates bigger parts for Karen (Katharine McPhee) and the newly rehired Ivy (Megan Hilty).

title: Star (2001 film)

text: Star (2001 film) Star is a 2001 Tamil action film directed by Praveen Gandhi and produced by Vijaykrishna. The film stars Prashanth and Jyothika in the lead roles while Raghuvaran, Vijayakumar, and Praveen Gandhi play other pivotal roles. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by A.R. Rahman, while the film is edited by M. N. Rajan. The film opened to poor reviews and performed below average at the box office in July 2001. Murthy (Prashanth) earns his living taking the blame for the mistakes of other people, and so the jail is his second home. Dhanushkodi (Raghuvaran) has sworn

title: Movie star

text: Movie star A movie star (also known as a film star and cinema star) is an actor who is famous for their starring, or leading, roles in motion pictures. The term is used for actors who are marketable stars and whose names are used to promote movies, for example in trailers and posters. In the early days of silent movies, the names of the actors and actresses appearing in them were not publicized or credited because producers feared this would result in demands for higher salaries. However, audience curiosity soon undermined this policy. By 1909, actresses such as Florence Lawrence

title: Film Star (film)

text: Film Star (film) Film Star is a 2005 Hindi film directed by Tanuja Chandra and starring Priyanshu Chatterjee, Mahima Chaudhry Vasundhara Das and Anup Shukla Hira Pandit (Mahima Chaudhry) is an actress who is nothing if not full of herself. Arrogant and thriving on only one thing - people adoring her unabashedly, and without stopping, just loving her! So naturally when this adoration stars to wane, she can't take it. Her vanity can't bear the fact that her popularity is slipping, that she's not getting nominated for awards, that her films simply aren't working like they used to. And at

title: Film Star (film)

text: out...as she realizes...that life...is much more than films. Film Star (film) Film Star is a 2005 Hindi film directed by Tanuja Chandra and starring Priyanshu Chatterjee, Mahima Chaudhry Vasundhara Das and Anup Shukla Hira Pandit (Mahima Chaudhry) is an actress who is nothing if not full of herself. Arrogant and thriving on only one thing - people adoring her unabashedly, and without stopping, just loving her! So naturally when this adoration stars to wane, she can't take it. Her vanity can't bear the fact that her popularity is slipping, that she's not getting nominated for awards, that her films simply

title: Movie star

text: as Aaron Aziz and Adi Putra. Movie star A movie star (also known as a film star and cinema star) is an actor who is famous for their starring, or leading, roles in motion pictures. The term is used for actors who are marketable stars and whose names are used to promote movies, for example in trailers and posters. In the early days of silent movies, the names of the actors and actresses appearing in them were not publicized or credited because producers feared this would result in demands for higher salaries. However, audience curiosity soon undermined this policy. By

title: A Star Is Born (1976 film)

text: with an average rating of 5.3/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100 based on 8 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Roger Ebert gave the film two and a half stars out of four, writing in his review, "There is, to begin with, no denying Barbra Streisand's enormous talent. At the end of 'A Star Is Born' the camera stays on her for one unbroken shot of seven or eight minutes, and she sings her heart out, and we concede that she's one of the great stars of the movies, one of

title: Star! (film)

text: last countries in which the film was released. When the film was in production, 15,000 people responded to promotional ads placed by 20th Century Fox for advance ticket sales in New York City, but a year later, when the studio followed up by mailing them order forms, only a very small percentage actually bought tickets. Sales were higher for Wednesday matinees than for Saturday nights, which indicated that a crucial component—young adults—would not be a large part of the picture's audience. The film opened in the US with little advance sale, and good-to-mediocre reviews. "Star!" was a commercial disappointment in

title: A Star Is Born (1954 film)

text: rumored that film restorer (and friend of Liza Minnelli) Michael Arick had a complete print of the film. "A Star Is Born", a remake itself, was again remade in 1976 with Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson. The film was remade without permission in Bollywood as "Aashiqui 2" in 2013. The original film is in the public domain. The latest remake of "A Star Is Born" stars Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga, who also created new music for the project. Filming began April 17, 2017, and the film was released on October 5, 2018. The soundtrack has never been out of

title: Movie Star (song)

text: of Bryan Ferry's 1985 song "Slave to Love" to coincide with its use in the Gucci Pour Homme advertising campaign. On 4 December 2008, it was announced that the European and UK release of the single had been cancelled. Nevertheless, "Movie Star" was released digitally in the United States on 14 October 2008. Heather Phares of AllMusic referred to "Movie Star" as "Murphy's spin on Goldfrapp's glossy glam pop (and the only time she seems in danger of being overpowered by someone else's sound on the album)." Stephen Trouss of Pitchfork agreed, saying the song "laces itself a little too

title: A Star Is Born (2018 film)

text: theatrically released in the United States on October 5, 2018, by Warner Bros. The film has grossed over $376 million worldwide and received critical acclaim, with praise for Cooper, Gaga and Elliott's performances and Cooper's direction, as well as the screenplay, cinematography and music. It was chosen by both the National Board of Review and American Film Institute as one of the Top 10 Films of 2018, and received five nominations at the 76th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama. Jackson Maine, a famous country music singer privately battling an alcohol and drug addiction, plays a concert

title: The Star (2017 film)

text: as he felt that there was a lack of Christmas films centering on the Nativity of Jesus: "It felt like an opportunity to be part of a movie that has not been done before, that's really going to fill a void." The animation was produced by Cinesite Studios. Animation work began on January 2017. On January 5, 2017, it was reported that Oprah Winfrey and Tyler Perry would be in the film. The rest of the cast was announced on January 19, 2017. "The Star (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)" was released on October 27, 2017, including contributions from Jessie James

title: The Star (2017 film)

text: available on her YouTube channel. "The Star" was released on digital on February 6, 2018, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 20, 2018 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. "The Star" has grossed $40.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $22 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $62.8 million, against a production budget of $20 million. In the United States and Canada, "The Star" was released alongside "Justice League" and "Wonder", and was projected to gross around $10 million from 2,800 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $2.8 million on its first day.

title: A Star Is Born (2018 film)

text: Canada. Jeff Goldstein, President of Domestic Distribution, Warner Bros. Pictures, said, "Securing premium IMAX screens in this competitive holiday window, ten weeks into release, speaks to the quality of the film Bradley Cooper has delivered and the passion audiences have for this story. We are thrilled to be able to give moviegoers a chance to see 'A Star Is Born' again, or for the first time, in such an experiential format as IMAX." Warner Bros. announced that the film would be available for digital download through retailers on January 15, 2019, followed by its release on Blu-ray, DVD and 4K

title: A Star Is Born (2018 film)

text: on a journey that mirrors the experience of seeing the film." "A Star Is Born" had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 31, 2018. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, the San Sebastián International Film Festival, and the Zurich Film Festival in September 2018. The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 5, 2018, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, after initially having been set for September 28, 2018, and May 18, 2018, releases. From December 7, 2018, the film had a limited release in IMAX theaters across United States and

title: The Star (1952 film)

text: as a saleswoman in an upscale department store, but overhearing some unkind gossip from two customers wounds her pride and she runs out. Her old agent manages to get her a screen test for a role in a film she'd always wanted to play. She is offered and takes a screen test for a supporting role, believing that if she plays that character as a sexy younger woman -- rather than the middle-aged frump she is seen as by the studio -- she might be able to win the more coveted lead role. It does not work out. At a

title: The Star (2017 film)

text: The Star (2017 film) The Star is a 2017 American computer-animated Christian comedy film directed by Timothy Reckart. Based on the Nativity of Jesus, an original idea by Tom Sheridan, the screenplay was written by Carlos Kotkin and Simon Moore. It is produced by Sony Pictures Animation, with partnership from Walden Media, Affirm Films and The Jim Henson Company. It stars the voices of Steven Yeun, Gina Rodriguez, Zachary Levi, Keegan-Michael Key, Kelly Clarkson, Patricia Heaton, Kristin Chenoweth, Tracy Morgan, Tyler Perry, and Oprah Winfrey. The film was released by Columbia Pictures through its parental label Sony Pictures Entertainment on

title: A Star Is Born (2018 film)

text: A Star Is Born (2018 film) A Star Is Born is a 2018 American musical romantic drama film produced and directed by Bradley Cooper (in his directorial debut) and written by Eric Roth, Cooper and Will Fetters. A remake of the 1937 film of the same name, it stars Cooper, Lady Gaga, Andrew Dice Clay, Dave Chappelle, and Sam Elliott, and follows a hard-drinking musician (Cooper) who discovers and falls in love with a young singer (Gaga). It marks the fourth remake of the original 1937 film, after the 1954 musical, the 1976 rock musical and the 2013 Bollywood romance

title: The Star (2017 film)

text: It ended up grossing $9.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing 6th at the box office. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an average rating of 44% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""The Star" may not leave audiences singing 'Hallelujah', but its offbeat yet sincere approach to the nativity story makes for acceptably diverting holiday viewing." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 42 out of 100, based on 12 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences

title: The Star (1952 film)

text: The Star (1952 film) The Star is a 1952 American drama film directed by Stuart Heisler and starring Bette Davis. The plot tells the story of an aging, washed up actress who is desperate to restart her career. Even though the film was a critical and commercial failure, Bette Davis received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Academy Award-winning star Margaret "Maggie" Elliot (Bette Davis) is a bankrupt actress of a certain age struggling to accept her new non-wealthy reality. She is in denial, and confident she can somehow build herself up again and re-launch her career to its

title: A Star Is Born (1976 film)

text: being the 1954 musical starring Judy Garland and James Mason. The story was also adapted as the 2013 Bollywood film "Aashiqui 2". Bradley Cooper later starred, directed, and co-produced a 2018 retelling, with Lady Gaga co-starring and composing new music for the film. In 2006, the Region 1 DVD was released in North America in Dolby Digital 5.1 sound with extras including a full-length commentary by Barbra Streisand, 16 minutes of never before seen and additional footage and the original wardrobe test. In 2007 the Region 2 DVD with the same extras was released in Germany. In 2008 the Region

title: A Star Is Born (1937 film)

text: Price Hollywood?" (1932), released by RKO Radio Pictures. The 1932 film's original title was "The Truth About Hollywood" based on a story by Adela Rogers St. Johns. St. Johns loosely based her plot on the experiences of actress Colleen Moore and her husband, alcoholic producer John McCormick (1893–1961), and the life and death of director Tom Forman, who committed suicide following a nervous breakdown. Four years after "What Price Hollywood?" was released, Selznick approached George Cukor and asked him to direct "A Star Is Born". Cukor felt the plot was too similar to "What Price Hollywood?" so he declined. RKO

title: Movie Star (song)

text: features Murphy on a night out in London with several drag queens and performers, including Jodie Harsh and Theo Adams. Some scenes are inspired by the work of John Waters, such as the attack by "Lobstora" from his 1970 film "Multiple Maniacs" and the appearance of Divine lookalikes. Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Overpowered". Movie Star (song) "Movie Star" is a song by Irish singer Róisín Murphy from her second studio album, "Overpowered" (2007). It was written by Murphy, Paul "Seiji" Dolby and Mike Patto, while production was handled by Parrot & Dean. The song was released digitally

title: The Star (2017 film)

text: The film was released by Columbia Pictures through its parental label Sony Pictures Entertainment on November 17, 2017 in the United States.  It was met with mixed reviews and has grossed $61 million worldwide. The film received a nomination for Best Original Song ("The Star") at the 75th Golden Globe Awards.

title: The Star (2017 film)

text: polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. "The A.V. Club"s Ignatiy Vishnevetsky criticized "The Star" as a "rote cartoon feature" existing for purely commercial reasons: "...even the kid-friendliest, Sunday-school-iest kind of religious art can't spring from religion alone; it needs artistry, too. Otherwise, you end up with a generic product aimed at a market segment who'll buy anything as long as it seems sufficiently churchy." The Star (2017 film) The Star is a 2017 American computer-animated Christian comedy film directed by Timothy Reckart. Based on the Nativity of Jesus, an

title: Rock Star (2001 film)

text: aspect of the movie." Hill was quick to add "I watched it once. I don't have the urge to watch it again." A small number of the songs featured in the film and on the soundtrack were released after the dates given in the film. They are marked with an asterisk. Partial list of songs that were featured in the movie but did not appear on the soundtrack CD: Rock Star (2001 film) Rock Star is a 2001 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Herek and starring Mark Wahlberg and Jennifer Aniston. It tells the story of Chris "Izzy"

title: Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool

text: specifically for the film. In August 2017, Sony Pictures Classics acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on 1 September 2017. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2017. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 16 November 2017 by Lionsgate. and in the United States on 29 December 2017. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 80% based on 146 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Film Stars Dont

title: A Star Is Born (2018 film)

text: film in the role of the manager to Cooper's character, though he ultimately was not involved. On March 17, 2017, Sam Elliott joined the film, with Andrew Dice Clay entering negotiations to play Lorenzo, the father of Lady Gaga's character. Clay was selected over Robert De Niro, John Turturro and John Travolta. In April 2017, Rafi Gavron, Michael Harney, and Rebecca Field also joined the cast. Filming began on April 17, 2017. In May, Dave Chappelle was cast in the film. In April 2018, it was announced that Halsey would have a small role. After seeing him perform at Desert

title: The Star (1952 film)

text: earlier brilliance. After suffering another big disappointment while vainly striving to get that last one good role, she gets drunk, is arrested for DUI, and spends a night in jail. She is bailed out by Jim Johannsen (Sterling Hayden), a younger former actor whom she had helped in the past. Jim, now comfortably settled as the owner of a boatyard, admits that he has loved her ever since those days and, helped by Margaret's daughter Gretchen (Natalie Wood), tries to help Margaret see that her big screen days as a famous actress are already over. She reluctantly tries to work

title: The Star (2017 film)


question: who did bette midler portray in the rose

answers: Mary Rose Foster

title: Bette (TV series)

text: short run. Guest stars included Danny DeVito, George Segal, Brenda Song, Sharon Lawrence, Tim Curry, David James Elliott, Oprah Winfrey, Ashley Tisdale, Tony Danza, Dolly Parton, Olivia Newton-John, Jon Lovitz, and the ladies from rival network ABC's "The View" all as themselves. When "Bette" went into production, Lindsay Lohan was the original choice to play Rose. After the completion of the pilot episode, Midler decided that the series would shoot in Los Angeles, instead of New York City, where the pilot was filmed. Lohan did not want to continually commute from her family's current residence in New York City, as

title: Bette Midler

text: critics. Midler fared somewhat better with her other 1991 project "For the Boys", on which she reteamed with "The Rose" director Mark Rydell. A historical musical drama, it tells the story of 1940s actress and singer Dixie Leonard, played by Midler, who teams up with Eddie Sparks, a famous performer to entertain American troops. While the film received a mixed reception from critics, Midler earned rave review for her portrayal. The following year she was awarded her second Golden Globe and received her second Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Midler turned down the lead role in the musical comedy

title: Bette Midler

text: commercial and critical failure and went on to be her all-time lowest charting album, peaking at No. 65 on the "Billboard" album chart. Soon afterward, she began a world concert tour, with one of her shows in Pasadena being filmed and released as the concert film "Divine Madness" (1980). Her performance in "The Rose" earned her a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actress, a role for which she won the Golden Globe for Best Actress (Comedy or Musical). The film's acclaimed soundtrack album sold over two million copies in the United States alone, earning a Double Platinum certification. The

title: Bette Midler

text: charts, including her renditions of "The Rose", "Wind Beneath My Wings", "Do You Want to Dance", "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy", and "From a Distance". In 2008, she signed a contract with Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to perform a show titled "Bette Midler: The Showgirl Must Go On", which ended in 2010. Midler made her motion picture debut in 1979 with "The Rose", which earned her a Golden Globe for Best Actress, as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She has since starred in a number of hit films, which include: "Down and Out in

title: Bette of Roses

text: Bette of Roses Bette of Roses is the eighth studio album by the American singer Bette Midler, released on Atlantic Records in 1995. It became Midler's final album for the label, twenty-three years after the release of her debut album "The Divine Miss M" (Midler was transferred to Atlantic's sister label Warner Bros. Records for her next two albums, then left the Warner group completely in 2002 when she signed with the Sony-owned Columbia Records). The title "Bette of Roses" is a play on one of the tracks, "Bed of Roses". "Bette of Roses" was Midler's first full-length studio album

title: Bette Midler

text: was released. It reached number 66 on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 chart, and number six in the United Kingdom, where it was certified platinum for sales of over 300,000 copies. As her only film appearance that year, Midler had a small role in Diane English's comedy film "The Women", starring Meg Ryan, Annette Bening and Eva Mendes among others. An updated version of the George Cukor-directed 1939 film of the same name based on a 1936 play by Clare Boothe Luce, the film was widely panned by critics, who found it "...a toothless remake of the 1939 classic, lacking the

title: Bette (TV series)

text: and "Family Law" (a cross promotion by CBS), and starred in a TV Halloween special with Dolly Parton (who appeared as herself and was said to be longtime friend of the Bette character; Parton and Midler are friends in real life). Other stories were out of the spotlight and closer to home; in one, Bette volunteered at Rose's school with surprising results, and in another, flashbacks were shown depicting the first time Bette met Connie, Roy, and Oscar (in that order), along with one featuring the birth of Rose. Many of Midler's celebrity friends appeared as themselves during the show's

title: Bette Midler

text: remake of the 1975 film of the same name also based on the Ira Levin novel. Also starring Nicole Kidman, Matthew Broderick, Christopher Walken and Glenn Close, Midler played Bobbie Markowitz, a writer and recovering alcoholic. The project underwent numerous production problems that occurred throughout its shooting schedule, with reports of problems on-set between director Oz and the actors being rampant in the press. Oz later blamed Midler — who was amid recording her next album and rehearsing for her tour — for being under a lot of stress by other projects and making "the mistake of bringing her stress

title: The Rose (soundtrack)

text: The Rose (soundtrack) The Rose is the soundtrack to the feature film of the same name starring Bette Midler which was released in 1979. Midler performs all the songs on the album, with the exception of the instrumental "Camellia". Apart from the title track, the soundtrack was entirely recorded live and also features concert monologues, with Midler portraying the character The Rose, loosely based on blues singer Janis Joplin. The soundtrack was produced by Paul A. Rothchild, who in fact also had worked with Joplin on what was to become her final album before her death in 1970, entitled "Pearl"

title: The Rose (film)

text: The Rose (film) The Rose is a 1979 American drama film which tells the story of a self-destructive 1960s rock star who struggles to cope with the constant pressures of her career and the demands of her ruthless business manager. The film stars Bette Midler, Alan Bates, Frederic Forrest, Harry Dean Stanton, Barry Primus, and David Keith. The story is loosely based on the life of singer Janis Joplin. Originally titled "Pearl", after Joplin's nickname, and the title of her last album, it was fictionalized after her family declined to allow the producers the rights to her story. It was

title: Bette Midler

text: by critics, who felt the film was "sweet but milquetoast", box office totals for the movie were higher than initially expected. In 2013, Midler performed on Broadway for the first time in more than 30 years in a play about the Hollywood superagent Sue Mengers. The play, titled "" and dramatized by John Logan, opened on April 24, 2013 at the Booth Theatre. After the show's success in New York, recouping its initial $2.4 million investment, it was decided to perform the play in Los Angeles at the Geffen Playhouse. In December, it was announced that Midler would portray actress

title: Bette Midler

text: "Sister Act" in 1992, which instead went to Whoopi Goldberg. Midler won an Emmy Award in 1992 for her performance on the penultimate episode of "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" in May 1992, during which she sang an emotion-laden "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)" to Johnny Carson. That night, Midler began singing "Here's That Rainy Day", Carson's favorite song; Carson joined in a few lyrics later. In 1993, she starred with Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy in the Walt Disney comedy fantasy film, "Hocus Pocus", as Winifred Sanderson, the head witch of the

title: Bette Midler

text: in Watertown, New York, who, determined to give her daughter all the opportunities she never had, ultimately makes a selfless sacrifice to ensure her happiness. The movie scored mediocre reviews, while Midler received her first Razzie Award nomination for Worst Actress. She co-starred with Woody Allen in the 1991 film "Scenes from a Mall", again for Paul Mazursky. In the film, Allen's character reveals to his author wife Deborah, played by Midler, after years of a happy marriage, that he has had an affair, resulting in her request for divorce. The movie performed poorly, and received a mixed reception by

title: Gypsy (1993 film)

text: deserves both an Emmy and a Grammy." "Midler was sensational as Mama Rose in the recent TV version of "Gypsy"," wrote "The Buffalo News". "The Chicago Sun-Times" said, "Midler has the perfect blend of energy and maturity to portray vaudeville's ultimate stage mother. But the guiding force behind the new, sparkling "Gypsy" comes from the perceptive and reverent direction of Oscar winner Emile Ardolino, who artfully preserves the spirit of a stage play within the confines of television." In another article, the publication wrote, "Bette Midler's star turn in CBS' "Gypsy" not only brought the TV musical back from the

title: Bette Midler

text: the PBS educational series "Vegetable Soup." In 1977, Midler's first television special, whose title, "Ol' Red Hair is Back", was a takeoff on Frank Sinatra's "Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back", premiered, featuring guest stars Dustin Hoffman and Emmett Kelly. It went on to win the "Emmy Award" for Outstanding Special — Comedy-Variety or Music. Midler made her first motion picture in 1979, starring in the 1960s-era rock and roll tragedy "The Rose", as a drug-addicted rock star modeled after Janis Joplin. That year, she also released her fifth studio album, "Thighs and Whispers." Midler's first foray into disco was a

title: Bette Midler

text: on the set." While the original book and film had tremendous cultural impact, the remake was marked by poor reviews by many critics, and a financial loss of approximately $40 million at the box office. Midler joined forces again with Manilow for another tribute album, "Bette Midler Sings the Peggy Lee Songbook". Released in October 2005, the album sold 55,000 copies the first week of release, returned Midler to the top ten of US "Billboard" 200, and was nominated for a Grammy Award. Midler released a new Christmas album titled "Cool Yule" in 2006, which featured a duet of Christmastime

title: The Thorn

text: Joseph; John Greenburg as John the Baptist; Fred LaBour as the Angel Fred; Richard Pollard as Rabbi Gabriel; Diana David as Salome; and Jack Castor and Chi Chi as queens. All of these actors were unknown and had no other film credits, with the exception of Bette Midler who was just beginning to build her singing career, had acted in a Broadway musical, and had briefly played a lead role in the off-Broadway musical "Salvation" in 1969. Midler had a brief appearance as a boat passenger in the 1966 film "Hawaii". Originally conceived as "The Greatest Story Overtold", an irreverent

title: Bette Midler

text: Gallagher Levi, continuing through January 2018, in the Broadway revival of "Hello, Dolly!" for which she won her second Tony Award. In 2017 she also appeared in the role of Muv in the 2017 film "Freak Show". On April 20, 2018 it was announced that Midler will be returning to "Hello, Dolly!" on July 17 to close out the run of the successful revival. In 1991, Midler was an early sponsor of the Adopt-a-Highway, paying $2,000 a month for a crew to clean up a 2-mile section of the Ventura Freeway in Burbank, California. Signs at both ends of the

title: The Rose (soundtrack)

text: The "Rose" soundtrack also included one song that since its original release has become a mainstay in Midler's live repertoire, Jerry Ragovoy's despairing blues ballad "Stay With Me". "The Rose" peaked at #12 on Billboard's album chart in the Spring of 1980, making it Midler's bestselling album since 1973's "Bette Midler". The album was digitally remastered and reissued on CD by Atlantic Records/Warner Music in 1995 but with no bonus tracks. "All tracks recorded live unless otherwise noted" Side A Side B The Rose Concert Band "Love Me With a Feeling" Band "The Rose" Ensemble The Rose (soundtrack) The Rose

title: Bette of Roses

text: Knuckles and Junior Vasquez, although it in fact had been remixed and re-produced by Arif Mardin himself. The promo video was also re-edited and re-released, then using the dance remix instead of the original "Bette of Roses" recording. In Europe, Australia and New Zealand the remix single was issued to promote Atlantic/Warner Music's expanded re-release of Midler's 1993 hits compilation ""—on which it was placed as the opening track—instead of the actual "Bette of Roses" album. Although notably different to Midler's original recording of the song and indeed the whole "Bette of Roses" album project as such, the dance remix

title: Bette Midler

text: "Isn't She Great" and "Drowning Mona". In Andrew Bergman's "Isn't She Great", a highly fictionalized account of the life and career of author Jacqueline Susann, she played alongside Nathan Lane and Stockard Channing, portraying Susann with her early struggles as an aspiring actress relentlessly hungry for fame, her relationship with press agent Irving Mansfield, her success as the author of "Valley of the Dolls", and her battle with and subsequent death from breast cancer. The dramedy garnered largely negative reviews by critics, who dismissed it as "bland material [that] produces entirely forgettable comic performances." For her performance in the film,

title: The Rose (film)

text: North American rentals of $19.1 million. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: The Criterion Collection released the film on Blu-ray and DVD on May 19, 2015. The Rose (film) The Rose is a 1979 American drama film which tells the story of a self-destructive 1960s rock star who struggles to cope with the constant pressures of her career and the demands of her ruthless business manager. The film stars Bette Midler, Alan Bates, Frederic Forrest, Harry Dean Stanton, Barry Primus, and David Keith. The story is loosely based on the life of singer Janis Joplin.

title: Marilyn Michaels

text: as Bette Midler, Bo Derek, Julie Andrews, Barbra Streisand, Donna Summer, Lily Tomlin and Brooke Shields. She reprised some of these characters while working with Debbie Reynolds on "The Love Boat" in 1982. In that year, Woody Allen also cast her in a cameo as 30's film star Mae West in "Zelig". When Allen decided to cut the piece, preferring documentary footage to an impression, Marilyn wrote of her experience working with Allen, including photos showing her dressed in Woody's garb, for "U.S. Magazine". In 1988 she performed five voices for the PBS series "Reading Rainbow" for the book "Gregory

title: Janis Joplin

text: "I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die" (1967). At the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival, Nina Simone, whom Joplin admired greatly, commented on Joplin and referred to the documentary "Janis" (1975) that evidently was screened at the festival: The film "The Rose" (1979) is loosely based on Joplin's life. Originally planned to be titled "Pearl"—Joplin's nickname and the title of her last album—the film was fictionalized after her family declined to allow the producers the rights to her story. Bette Midler earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film. In 1988, on what would have been Joplin's 45th birthday,

title: The Rose (film)

title: Bette of Roses

text: be Midler's lowest-charting studio album since 1983's new wave/rock-influenced "No Frills", peaking at #45 on "Billboard"'s album chart and #55 in the UK. This resulted in the release of a radically remixed dance version of Maria McKee's country rock ballad "To Deserve You", which more or less only retained the lead vocals and a sample of the spoken line ""I would die for you"" from the album version, which had been arranged by the composer herself. The original backing track was replaced with a 123 BPM mid-'90s dance production in the style of house music remixers like Shep Pettibone, Frankie

title: The Rose (soundtrack)

text: and released posthumously. Midler's portrayal of The Rose, which was her acting debut, earned her an Oscar nomination for Best Actress in 1980 and became the start of her career in movies. The first single to be lifted off the soundtrack was Midler's rendition of Percy Sledge's "When a Man Loves a Woman" which became a moderate chart hit, peaking at #35 on "Billboard"'s single chart. The studio recorded title track (written by Amanda McBroom) which closes the album however became a top 3 hit for Midler, and also a #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart, and today counts as

title: Sharon Redd

text: the role of Sherrye in the U.S. television sitcom "Rhoda". 1978 also saw Redd feature as a guest in the musical "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". In the mid-1970s, Bette Midler was looking to replace Merle Miller and Gail Kantor, both of whom had left after Midler's 1973 tour to pursue their own interests. Midler auditioned over 70 performers, but Redd landed the job, becoming one of Bette's Harlettes. Aside from performing as a Harlette, Redd also provided backing vocals for Carol Douglas ("Burnin'" and "Night Fever") and Norman Connors ("You Are My Starship"). Having ended their association with

title: Just Hits

text: third appearance on this compilation. The picture used for the cover of "Just Hits" is in fact the very same as the K-Tel version of "The Best of Bette" which shows Midler in concert, taken from the movie "The Rose". The first Bette Midler "greatest hits" compilation to be released worldwide, including the US and Canada, was 1993's "Experience the Divine". Side A Side B Just Hits Just Hits is a compilation album by American singer Bette Midler, released on the Atlantic Records label in Australia and New Zealand in 1987. The album was the third greatest hits compilation with

title: Bette Midler

text: charm, wit and compelling protagonists of the original." Midler appeared on the Bravo TV show "My Life on the D-List" with Kathy Griffin in an episode that aired in June 2009. In December of the same year, she appeared in the "Royal Variety Performance", an annual British charity event attended by Queen Elizabeth II. Midler performed "In My Life" and "Wind Beneath My Wings" as the closing act. In 2010, Midler voiced the character Kitty Galore in the animated film "." The film was a success, grossing $112 million worldwide. In November 2010, Midler released "Memories of You", another compilation

title: The Rose (film)

long_answer: In late 1969, Mary Rose Foster (Bette Midler) is a famous rock and roll diva known as The Rose. Although a success, she is burnt out and lonely but is kept working by her gruff, greedy manager and promoter Rudge Campbell (Alan Bates). Though loud and brassy, Rose is an insecure alcoholic and former drug user who seems to crave approval in her life. As such, she is determined to return to her hometown, now as a superstar. After being humiliated by a country singing star named Billy Ray (Harry Dean Stanton) whose songs she performs in her show, Rose takes off with a limousine driver named Huston Dyer (Frederic Forrest) and begins a romance with him. Rudge thinks Huston is just another hanger on, but Rose thinks she has finally met her true love. Huston tells her that he is actually an AWOL sergeant from the Army, and she tells him of her past in Florida. They have a rocky relationship and her lifestyle of "Sex, Drugs, and Rock & Roll", constant touring, and Huston's jealousy over Rose's lesbian lover Sarah lead her to an inevitable breakdown at a tour stop in Memphis. Huston and Rose break up and she returns to her hometown of Jacksonville, Florida with PFC Mal, whom she met in Texas, as a security escort, telling him about her past.


question: what is the setting of the story sorry wrong number

answers: Manhattan

title: Sorry, Wrong Number

text: Again" and the 2014 action-thriller "". The latter two films were directed by Kenneth Branagh. Sorry, Wrong Number Sorry, Wrong Number is a 1948 American thriller film noir directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Burt Lancaster. It tells the story of a woman who overhears a murder plot. The film was adapted by Lucille Fletcher from her 1943 radio play. It is one of the few pre-1950 Paramount Pictures films that remained in the studio's library (the rest are currently owned by NBCUniversal). Leona Stevenson is the spoiled, bedridden daughter of wealthy businessman James Cotterell. One day,

title: Sorry, Wrong Number

text: Sorry, Wrong Number Sorry, Wrong Number is a 1948 American thriller film noir directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Burt Lancaster. It tells the story of a woman who overhears a murder plot. The film was adapted by Lucille Fletcher from her 1943 radio play. It is one of the few pre-1950 Paramount Pictures films that remained in the studio's library (the rest are currently owned by NBCUniversal). Leona Stevenson is the spoiled, bedridden daughter of wealthy businessman James Cotterell. One day, while listening to what seems to be a crossed telephone connection, she hears two men

title: Sorry, Right Number

text: Sorry, Right Number "Sorry, Right Number" is a teleplay written by author Stephen King for an episode of the horror anthology series "Tales from the Darkside". It was later included in King's short story collection "Nightmares & Dreamscapes", and is the only such work that King has included in any of his anthologies. It appears in script format, and begins with an authors' guide for screenplays and abbreviations. The "Tales from the Darkside" episode originally aired in 1987, and starred Deborah Harmon and Arthur Taxier as Katie and Bill Weiderman, with Rhonda Dotson as Katie's sister Dawn and Katherine Britton,

title: Wrong Number (2004 film)

text: Wrong Number (2004 film) Wrong Number also () is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language film. The film released on 25 March 2004 in all over Bangladesh. The film directed by Motin Rahman. And produced-distributed by Impress Telefilm Limited. Stars Riaz, Shrabanti, Abdul Qader, Nasir Rahman, Dolly Johur, Tushar Khan, Amol Bosh, Tahsina, Taskina and many more. The story revolves around different comical events regarding telephonic conversation. Athoi (Shrabanti). a young girl loves to dial wrong numbers and through such an incident, gets involved with a boy Abir ( Riaz ).The story advances through a series of humorous events. Wrong Number films music

title: Sorry, Right Number

text: Brandon Stewart and Nicole Huntington as the Weiderman children. It was later produced as a short film in 2005, directed and adapted by Brian Berkowitz. The cast included Darrin Stevens, Karla Droege, Michael Brady, Kimberly D'Armond, Karoline Striplin, and Barbara Weetman. The title is a pun on the title of the radio play and film "Sorry, Wrong Number". Katie Weiderman is talking to her sister on the phone one night. Her husband, Bill, is in his study trying to find inspiration for a new novel. Her children are arguing about whether or not to watch "Ghost Kiss", a gory TV

title: Wrong No.

text: . Wednesday was the first working day for the film, but it yet registered 90% occupancies, collecting on Wednesday. The film collected on Thursday. The film was again 95% on the second weekend as it collected , taking the total to . In the UK until the second weekend. At the end of its 50 Days run in Pakistan, the film collected 15 crores from local markets emerging as a blockbuster. The film did a business of over 30 crores worldwide Wrong No. Wrong No. (also written as Wrong Number) is a 2015 Pakistani romantic comedy film directed by Yasir

title: Misdialed call

text: order to attempt to sell or lease the numbers to the named organisation or its local chapters. Misdialled calls serve as a plot device in 1948 film "Sorry, Wrong Number", in television series episodes such as the Dad's Army episode "Sorry, Wrong Number" and on the Touch-Tone Terrorists prank call CD series. Misdialed call A misdialed call or wrong number is a telephone call to an incorrect telephone number. This may occur because the number has been physically misdialled, the number is simply incorrect, or because the area code or ownership of the number has changed. In North America, toll-free

title: The Right Number

text: as readers aren't taken out of the experience as they may when using a hyperlink to move to the next page. "The Right Number" has an advantage over infinitely-scrollable webcomics in that it preserves the rhythm of reading the comic, while scrollers may start to "drag on and on." The time the webcomic spends zooming in on panels forces the reader to pace themselves. "The Right Number" follows a man who accidentally meets up with a stranger rather than his own girlfriend after misdialing a phone call. The woman he meets looks, sounds, and acts significantly like his wife, however,

title: Sorry, Wrong Number

text: play originally aired on the "Suspense" radio program on May 25, 1943, essentially a one-woman show with Agnes Moorehead as Mrs. Stevenson. The play was reprised seven times, each starring Moorehead. The final broadcast was on February 14, 1960. Orson Welles called "Sorry, Wrong Number" "the greatest single radio script ever written". In 2015, the May 25, 1943 broadcast was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for inclusion in the National Recording Registry. Clips from "Sorry, Wrong Number" were used for the 1982 comedy-mystery "Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid", the 1991 thriller "Dead

title: Wrong Number (George Jones song)

text: a wrong number and hangs up. Although not a major hit, "Wrong Number" is another in a long list of obscure George Jones songs that he sings, as Nick Tosches put it in the "Texas Monthly" in 1994, "as if his soul were on fire." Wrong Number (George Jones song) "Wrong Number" is a song by American country singer George Jones. Jones composed the song with Dickie Overby. It was released as a promotional single in 1965 and rose to #14 on the "Billboard" country chart. The song tells the story of a man who, filled with despair, calls his

title: The Right Number

text: The Right Number The Right Number is an infinite canvas webcomic by Scott McCloud. The webcomic makes use of an experimental zooming user interface, where each subsequent panel is nested inside of the panel that comes before it. "The Right Number" follows a man who discovers that one can figure out someone's character traits based on their phone number, and starts to abuse the patterns he finds to search the perfect girlfriend. The story is focused on obsession and how it is impossible to find the perfect mate. Two of its three parts were published in 2003 through the BitPass

title: Wrong Number (George Jones song)

text: Wrong Number (George Jones song) "Wrong Number" is a song by American country singer George Jones. Jones composed the song with Dickie Overby. It was released as a promotional single in 1965 and rose to #14 on the "Billboard" country chart. The song tells the story of a man who, filled with despair, calls his former lover on the telephone because he wants to hear her voice again. However, he dares not speak: "I bite my lip till the blood runs free and keep the words 'I love you' hidden deep, deep inside of me..." The woman assumes it is

title: Wrong No.

text: India at a later date. The film was scheduled to be released in the US on December 11, 2015. Rafay Mahmood of "The Express Tribune" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "It is the small moments and performances by the side actors that make an otherwise ordinary film a joyride. Beyond that, it is a test of your bladder and brain, whatever lets go first." Momin Ali Munshi of "Galaxy Lollywood" rated 3.8/5 overall and summed up his review as, "Wrong Number is a complete commercial pot-boiler which has all the elements that are required to

title: Lucille Fletcher

text: Douglass Wallop, a writer, on January 6, 1949. They remained married until his death in 1985. Lucille Fletcher died on August 31, 2000, after suffering a stroke. "Sorry, Wrong Number" received the Edgar Allan Poe Award from the Mystery Writers of America. Lucille Fletcher Violet Lucille Fletcher (March 28, 1912August 31, 2000) was an American screenwriter of film, radio and television. Her credits include "The Hitch-Hiker," an original radio play written for Orson Welles and adapted for a notable episode of "The Twilight Zone" television series. Lucille Fletcher also wrote "Sorry, Wrong Number", one of the most celebrated plays in

title: Misdialed call

text: Misdialed call A misdialed call or wrong number is a telephone call to an incorrect telephone number. This may occur because the number has been physically misdialled, the number is simply incorrect, or because the area code or ownership of the number has changed. In North America, toll-free numbers are a frequent source of wrong numbers because they often have a history of prior ownership. In the United Kingdom, many misdialled calls have been due to public confusion over the dialling codes for some areas. The recipient of a wrong number is usually unknown to the caller. This aspect has

title: The Right Number

text: and the protagonist finds that this girl is a "better version" of his girlfriend. He starts to experiment with his phone, and discovers a pattern where women with similar phone numbers have similar character traits. He then abuses this system to find the perfect girlfriend, as he starts to obsess over the smallest details. McCloud describes "The Right Number" as "a story about obsession" and calls this a theme he returns to often. In an interview with Joe Zabel, McCloud said that he is "pessimistic about the wisdom of trying to find the perfect mate," which is what the protagonist

title: Sorry, Right Number

text: adaptation of Bill's earlier novel. Katie receives a second phone call. The incoming call is a sobbing and traumatized caller who sputters, "Take... please... take" before the line goes dead. Katie immediately assumes the call came from her daughter Polly, who is away at boarding school, but a call to Polly proves otherwise. Katie also rules out her mother, but she cannot reach her sister Dawn. Katie and Bill rush over to Dawn's house; despite the appearance of a forced entry, Dawn is all right and did not call. Assuming that someone must have dialed the wrong number, Katie forgets

title: Wrong No.

text: make a blockbuster. This masala entertainer will make you fall in love with the characters and will also make sure that you fall off your seat every few minutes courtesy the heavy doses of laughter that will come your way. But be warned that if you are easily offended and rate humour as being clean or dirty then this is surely not your cup of tea." Asad Haroon of "Dispatch News Desk" said, "Wrong Number is a slapstick comedy filled with humor. One can't stop laughing throughout the movie and the dialogues are pretty well written and up to the

title: Wrong No.

text: Wrong No. Wrong No. (also written as Wrong Number) is a 2015 Pakistani romantic comedy film directed by Yasir Nawaz and co-produced by Yasir Nawaz, Nida Yasir and Hassan Zia under the production banner YNH Films. The film features Javed Sheikh, Danish Taimoor, Nadeem Jaffri, Danish Nawaz, Shafqat Cheema, Sohai Ali Abro and Janita Asma in lead roles. "Wrong No." is the directorial debut of Yasir Nawaz. The film was released by ARY Films in cinemas nationwide on July 18, 2015 (Eid al-Fitr). In its opening weekend, it took in at the local box office. The story revolves around Sallu

title: Misdialed call

text: been used in social science experiments designed to study the willingness of people to help strangers, and the extent to which this is affected by characteristics such as race. This experimental method is known as the "wrong-number technique". Proper telephone etiquette recommends that the wrongly dialled party politely inform the caller of that fact, and also that the caller apologize rather than simply hanging up. Often the two parties will confirm whether or not the intended number is indeed the number that was reached (e.g. "Is this 555-0184?") before ending the call. It is widely considered "dangerous" for the called

title: Nightmares & Dreamscapes

text: film "Quicksilver Highway". "Sorry, Right Number" was telecast as an episode of "Tales from the Darkside" before it was published in "Nightmares & Dreamscapes". "The Moving Finger" was adapted into an episode of the TV show "Monsters". "Home Delivery" and "Rainy Season" were adapted into short films. During the summer of 2006, TNT produced an eight-episode miniseries on various short stories by Stephen King. Although one may assume from the title that all of the episodes in the miniseries are from the collection of the same name, this is true for only five of the eight ("Battleground" was featured in

title: Lucille Fletcher

text: a well-dressed woman with an obnoxious manner refused to allow Fletcher to go ahead of her in line. Herrmann described the drama as an "act of revenge". Barbara Stanwyck starred in the 1948 film version of "Sorry, Wrong Number" and, in 1952, performed the original radio play over the airwaves. A 1959 version produced for the CBS radio series "Suspense" received a 1960 Edgar Award for Best Radio Drama. Two operas were based on the play, which Orson Welles called "the greatest single radio script ever written". Fletcher adapted the first part of the Emily Brontë novel "Wuthering Heights" into

title: Wrong Number (2004 film)

text: directed by the Popular composers Ayub Bachchu, Imon Shaha, Tutul and Indian singer Nachiketa composed the music for the movie while Kanakchampa, Asif, Panthakanai, Nachiketa, Udit Narayan, Ferdous Ara and Mehreen lent their voice for the playbacks. Wrong Number (2004 film) Wrong Number also () is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language film. The film released on 25 March 2004 in all over Bangladesh. The film directed by Motin Rahman. And produced-distributed by Impress Telefilm Limited. Stars Riaz, Shrabanti, Abdul Qader, Nasir Rahman, Dolly Johur, Tushar Khan, Amol Bosh, Tahsina, Taskina and many more. The story revolves around different comical events regarding telephonic

title: John Bromfield

text: John Bromfield John Bromfield (born Farron Bromfield; June 11, 1922 – September 19, 2005) was an American film and television actor. Farron Bromfield was born in South Bend, Indiana. He played football and was a boxing champion at Saint Mary's College of California, where he also lettered in football, baseball, track and swimming. In the 1940s, he gained his first acting experience at the La Jolla Playhouse. Bromfield served in the United States Navy in World War II. Bromfield's screen debut came in "Harpoon" (1948). The same year, he was cast as a detective in "Sorry, Wrong Number", starring Burt

title: Sorry, Wrong Number

text: Sorry, Wrong Number conforms to many of the conventions of film noir. The movie plays in real time, with many flashbacks to flesh out the story. Stanwyck's bedroom window overlooks the night skyline of Manhattan.  The film is shot very dark, with looming shadows and a circling camera used to maintain a high level of suspense.

title: The Right Number

text: review of the first part of "The Right Number" that it is tempting to "[argue] over whether the use of the form and technology is sufficiently 'innovative,'" but that such discussions lose sight of the more important questions of whether the story is worth reading and the art is worth looking at. In the case of "The Right Number", Kross answered both of these questions with "yes". The Right Number The Right Number is an infinite canvas webcomic by Scott McCloud. The webcomic makes use of an experimental zooming user interface, where each subsequent panel is nested inside of the

title: Wrong No.

text: mark. The script of the movie wasn’t predictable that much but the dialogues were totally unpredictable and funny to such an extent that one could say that "I didn't see that coming". The production quality of Wrong number is not that great as of Bin Roye but the screen is pretty bright of wrong number." The film had a 90% opening day, registering . The film was almost 95-100% in the next two days, taking the Eid weekend total to . Tuesday was again a holiday due to Eid, and the film was again 95-100% on Tuesday as it collected

title: What's Your Number?

text: What's Your Number? What's Your Number? is a 2011 romantic comedy film directed by Mark Mylod and starring Anna Faris and Chris Evans. Written by Gabrielle Allan and Jennifer Crittenden, it is based on Karyn Bosnak's book "20 Times a Lady". The film was released on , 2011. In Boston, Ally Darling is a thirty-something woman who is struggling to make better decisions with her life. Her boyfriend Rick breaks up with her when she asks him to attend her sister Daisy's upcoming wedding, and she then gets laid off from her job. While taking the subway home, Ally comes

title: Sorry, Right Number

text: that is about to happen, and tries to say, "Take him to the hospital! If you want him to live, take him to the hospital!" In her state of shock, she is only able to say, "Take... please take...," before the line goes dead. She realizes the truth of what happened that night, and breaks down sobbing over her lost opportunity. The episode is available on VHS as part of volume 4 of the "Tales from the Darkside" compilation, as well as part of the complete collection released on DVD on October 19, 2010. Sorry, Right Number "Sorry, Right Number"

title: Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number

text: release for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita on 10 March 2015 in North America, on 11 March 2015 in Europe, and on 25 June 2015 in Japan. An Android port was released on 4 August 2015. Gameplay of "Wrong Number" plays the same to that of its predecessor "Hotline Miami". "Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number" features a new hard mode, unlocked after completing the Normal story. In Hard mode, enemies are more difficult to take down and some abilities are taken away from the player, such as "enemy-locking". Thirteen characters are playable as opposed to just Jacket and

title: Sorry, Wrong Number


question: when was the last time anyone was on the moon

answers: 14 December 1972 UTC

answers: December 1972

title: Gene Cernan

text: standing on the lunar surface: Cernan's status as the last person to walk on the Moon means Purdue University is the "alma mater" of both the first person to walk on the Moon—Neil Armstrong—and the most recent. Cernan is one of only three astronauts to travel to the Moon on two occasions; the others being Jim Lovell and John Young. , he is also one of only twelve people to have walked on the Moon. Apollo 10 holds the record for the highest speed attained by any manned vehicle at during its return from the Moon on May 26, 1969.

title: Darlah

text: of the "DP7 event on Earth in 2019" (Mia killing everybody) and have found a letter written by Mia. She says goodbye in this letter, saying she has very little time left and that the space suit's gloves make it hard to write. The report ends. Prior to the US release of "172 Hours on the Moon" in July 2012, Little, Brown, the publishing house, created an extensive media campaign to promote the book. A website was made, where visitors were met by the text "Do you want to go to the moon? Are you between the ages of 14

title: Luna 24

text: sample for a lunar sample from NASA in December 1976. "Luna 24" was the last lunar spacecraft to be launched by the Soviet Union. It was also the last spacecraft to make a soft landing on the Moon until the landing of "Chang'e 3" on December 14, 2013, 37 years later. In February 1978 soviet scientists M. Akhmanova, B. Dement'ev, and M. Markov of the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytic Chemistry published a paper claiming a detection of water fairly definitively. Their study showed that the samples returned to Earth by the probe contained about 0.1% water by mass,

title: Apollo 7

text: complete technical success, giving NASA the confidence to send Apollo 8 into orbit around the Moon two months later. The flight would prove to be the final space flight for all of its three crew members—and the only one for both Cunningham and Eisele—when it splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean on October 22, 1968. It was also the only manned launch from Launch Complex 34, as well as the last launch from the complex. Schirra, Eisele, and Cunningham were first named as an Apollo crew on September 29, 1966. They were to fly a second Earth orbital test of

title: Tranquility Base

text: Tranquility Base Tranquility Base (Latin: Statio Tranquillitatis) is the site on the Moon where, in 1969, humans landed and walked on another celestial body for the first time. On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 crewmembers Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Apollo Lunar Module "Eagle" at approximately 20:17:40 UTC. Six hours later, the two astronauts exited the spacecraft and spent 2 hours 31 minutes on the lunar surface, examining and photographing it, setting up some scientific experiment packages, and collecting of dirt and rock samples for return to Earth. They lifted off the surface on July 21 at 17:54

title: The Dark Side of the Moon

text: food?", before moving on to themes more central to the album (such as madness, violence, and death). Questions such as "When was the last time you were violent?", followed immediately by "Were you in the right?", were answered in the order they were presented. Roger "The Hat" Manifold proved difficult to find, and was the only contributor recorded in a conventional sit-down interview, as by then the flashcards had been mislaid. Waters asked him about a violent encounter he had had with another motorist, and Manifold replied "... give 'em a quick, short, sharp shock ..." When asked about death

title: Far side of the Moon

text: 17 missions since that time, and photographed by multiple lunar probes. Spacecraft passing behind the Moon were out of direct radio communication with the Earth, and had to wait until the orbit allowed transmission. During the Apollo missions, the main engine of the Service Module was fired when the vessel was behind the Moon, producing some tense moments in Mission Control before the craft reappeared. Geologist-astronaut Harrison Schmitt, who became the last to step onto the Moon, had aggressively lobbied for his landing site to be on the far side of the Moon, targeting the lava-filled crater Tsiolkovskiy. Schmitt's ambitious

title: Gene Cernan

text: on a rock. He states in the 2014 documentary "The Last Man on the Moon" that he wrote them in the lunar dust as he left the rover to return to the LEM and Earth. The true story of leaving the initials on the lunar surface was prominently mentioned in an episode (Season 3 Episode 20: The Last Walt) of "Modern Family". A recording of Cernan's voice during the Apollo 17 mission was sampled by Daft Punk for "Contact", the last track on their 2013 album "Random Access Memories". Cernan's last words from the lunar surface, along with Lunar Module

title: Gene Cernan

text: Aldrin spent outside the LM on Apollo 11. During this time Cernan and Schmitt covered more than using the Lunar Rover and spent a great deal of time collecting geologic samples (including a record 34 kilograms (75 lb) of samples, the most of any Apollo mission) that would shed light on the Moon's early history. Cernan piloted the rover on its final sortie, recording a maximum speed of , giving him the unofficial lunar land speed record. As Cernan prepared to climb the ladder for the final time, he spoke these words, currently the last spoken by a human being

title: Earth

text: walked on the Moon. Normally, the only humans in space are those on the International Space Station. The station's crew, made up of six people, is usually replaced every six months. The farthest that humans have traveled from Earth is , achieved during the Apollo 13 mission in 1970. The Moon is a relatively large, terrestrial, planet-like natural satellite, with a diameter about one-quarter of Earth's. It is the largest moon in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, although Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet Pluto. The natural satellites of other planets are also

title: Apollo 8

text: to be performed perfectly, and due to orbital mechanics had to be on the far side of the Moon, out of contact with the Earth. After Mission Control was polled for a "go/no go" decision, the crew was told at 68 hours that they were Go and "riding the best bird we can find". Lovell replied, "We'll see you on the other side", and for the first time in history, humans travelled behind the Moon and out of radio contact with the Earth. With 10 minutes remaining before LOI-1, the crew began one last check of the spacecraft systems and

title: Harrison Schmitt

text: second-to-last person to step off of the Moon (he boarded the Lunar Module shortly before commander Eugene Cernan). Schmitt also remains the first and only professional scientist to have flown beyond low Earth orbit and to have visited the Moon. He was influential within the community of geologists supporting the Apollo program and, before starting his own preparations for an Apollo mission, had been one of the scientists training those Apollo astronauts chosen to visit the lunar surface. Schmitt resigned from NASA in August 1975 in order to run for election to the United States Senate as a member from

title: Ronald Evans (astronaut)

text: the Moon as his two crewmates descended to the surface. Consequently, he is the last person to orbit the Moon alone and holds the record for the most time spent in lunar orbit at 148 hours. In 1975 Evans served as backup Command Module Pilot for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission. Evans was born on November 10, 1933, in St. Francis, Kansas, to parents Clarence Ellwin Evans (1911–1985) and Marie A. Evans (; 1913–1992). He had two siblings, Larry Joe Evans (1935–1951) and Jay Evans. He was active in the Boy Scouts of America where he achieved its second highest

title: Homer E. Newell Jr.

text: last human being (and only scientist) to set foot on the surface of the moon. Newell retired from NASA in 1974. He wrote at least eight books, one of which, Vector Analysis, (McGraw Hill, NY,1955) remains in print today. His last book, Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Science (NASA SP-4211), is widely referenced as a historical source. Newell died on July 18, 1983, leaving behind his wife, four children, eleven grandchildren, his books and a robust space science program. His name, while not widely recognized today by non-specialists, was commemorated in the Goddard Space Flight Center's Homer E.

title: Exploration of the Moon

text: and indeed of human history in general. The first man-made object to reach the Moon was the unmanned Soviet probe Luna 2, which made a hard landing on September 14, 1959, at 21:02:24 Z. The far side of the Moon was first photographed on October 7, 1959, by the Soviet probe Luna 3. Though vague by today's standards, the photos showed that the far side of the Moon almost completely lacked maria. In an effort to compete with these Soviet successes, U.S. President John F. Kennedy proposed the national goal of landing a human on the Moon. Speaking to a

title: Space Race

text: about , and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon waited six hours before they left their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon. The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing footpad were, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin

title: Gene Cernan

text: Gene Cernan Eugene Andrew Cernan (; March 14, 1934 – January 16, 2017) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, and fighter pilot. During the Apollo 17 mission, Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon. Since he re-entered the lunar module after Harrison Schmitt on their third and final lunar excursion, he is the last person to have walked on the Moon. Cernan traveled into space three times; as pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966, as lunar module pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969, and as commander of Apollo 17 in December

title: NASA

text: These missions returned a wealth of scientific data and of lunar samples. Topics covered by experiments performed included soil mechanics, meteoroids, seismology, heat flow, lunar ranging, magnetic fields, and solar wind. The Moon landing marked the end of the space race; and as a gesture, Armstrong mentioned mankind when he stepped down on the Moon. Apollo set major milestones in human spaceflight. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit, and landing humans on another celestial body. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body, while Apollo 17 marked the last moonwalk and

title: Extravehicular activity

text: were performed among six Apollo crews, including Charles "Pete" Conrad, Alan Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell, David Scott, James Irwin, John Young, Charles Duke, Eugene Cernan, and Harrison "Jack" Schmitt. Cernan was the last Apollo astronaut to step off the surface of the Moon. Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Al Worden made an EVA on August 5, 1971, on the return trip from the Moon, to retrieve a film and data recording canister from the Service Module. He was assisted by Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin standing up in the Command Module hatch. This procedure was repeated by Ken Mattingly

title: Nothing Ever Happens on the Moon

text: lunar "day" and reduced gravity. Bruce is an Eagle Scout from Colorado on his way to Venus with a three-week layover on the Moon. He hopes to qualify as an Eagle Scout (Luna) and then go on to become an Eagle Scout (Venus), the first triple Eagle. Shortly after his arrival on the Moon things get off to a rocky start when he gets a hard time from the troop he's assigned to, because nobody, not even the scoutmaster, believes he can make the grade. But quickly he is taken good care of by another scout, Sam, as the troop

title: David Scott

text: as Command Module Pilot aboard Apollo 9, his second spaceflight, along with Commander James McDivitt and Lunar Module Pilot Rusty Schweickart. During this mission, Scott became the last American to fly solo in Earth orbit (not counting subsequent untethered EVAs). Scott made his third and final flight into space as commander of the Apollo 15 mission, the fourth human lunar landing, becoming the seventh person to walk on the Moon and the first person to drive on the Moon. Scott was born June 6, 1932, on Randolph Field (for which he received his middle name) near San Antonio, Texas and

title: Neil Armstrong

text: American to orbit the Earth. In his eulogy, Charles Bolden praised Armstrong's "courage, grace, and humility". Cernan recalled Armstrong's low-fuel approach to the Moon: "When the gauge says empty, we all know there's a gallon or two left in the tank!" Diana Krall sang the song "Fly Me to the Moon". Collins led prayers. Scott spoke, possibly for the first time, about an incident during their Gemini 8 mission: Minutes before the hatch was to be sealed. glue spilled on his harness and prevented it from being buckled, threatening to abort the mission. Armstrong then called on Conrad to solve

title: Neil Armstrong

text: a post-flight press conference, he said that he chose the words "just prior to leaving the LM." In a 1983 interview in "Esquire Magazine", he explained to George Plimpton: "I always knew there was a good chance of being able to return to Earth, but I thought the chances of a successful touch down on the moon surface were about even money—fifty–fifty ... Most people don't realize how difficult the mission was. So it didn't seem to me there was much point in thinking of something to say if we'd have to abort landing." In 2012, his brother Dean Armstrong

title: Alan Shepard

text: showing Shepard hitting a golf ball on the Moon. There are no still images of this event; the only record is TV footage. The book was turned into a TV miniseries in 1994. Shepard was diagnosed with leukemia in 1996 and died from complications of the disease in Pebble Beach, California, on July 21, 1998. He was the second astronaut who had walked on the Moon to die, Jim Irwin being the first, in 1991. Shepard's widow Louise resolved to cremate his remains and scatter the ashes, but she died from a heart attack on August 25, 1998, at 17:00,

title: Moon landing

text: To date, the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972.

title: John Young (astronaut)

text: landing was almost aborted when a malfunction was detected in the SPS engine control system in the Service Module. It was determined that the problem could be worked around, and the mission continued. On the surface, Young took three moonwalks in the Descartes Highlands with Charles Duke on April 21, 22 and 23, 1972, making Young the ninth person to walk on the surface of the Moon, while Ken Mattingly flew the Command Module in lunar orbit. Young's final assignment in Apollo was as the backup commander for Cernan on Apollo 17. The backup crew was originally the Apollo 15

title: Ranger 7

text: craggy and rocky with debris everywhere". After speaking to the media, NASA officials were peppered with the obvious question – did the Moon have a surface solid enough that humans could safely land on it? Geologist Eugene Kupier replied that, judging by the images, it seemed likely that at least some of the Moon was smooth enough to land a spacecraft on. However, the actual hardness of the surface couldn't be determined with certainty until a soft landing was made. Nonetheless, Ranger 7's images did seem to suggest that it was solid enough. Ranger 7 reached the Moon on 31

title: Soyuz 8

text: that no docking had been intended, but this seems unlikely, given the docking adapters carried by the spacecraft, and the fact that both Shatalov and Yeliseyev were veterans of the previous successful docking mission. This was the last time that the Soviet-crewed Moon landing hardware was tested in orbit, and the failure seems to have been one of the final nails in the coffin of the programme. The radio call sign of the spacecraft was , meaning "Granite". This word is apparently used as the name of a reactive or defensive squadron in Soviet military training, and, just like the

title: Apollo 17

text: which the series was based, Austin remembers watching the Earth "fall away during Apollo XVII." In the 1998 film "Deep Impact" fictional astronaut Spurgeon "Fish" Tanner, portrayed by Robert Duvall, was described at a Presidential press conference as the "last man to walk on the Moon" by the President of the United States, portrayed by Morgan Freeman. In the Anime "Aldnoah.Zero", the Apollo 17 mission locates an ancient transporter gate leading to Mars left by an unknown, extinct alien race. This discovery is the divergence point for the story's alternative history. The song "Contact" from Daft Punk includes audio from

title: Neil Armstrong

text: the surface of the Moon occurred several seconds after 20:17:40 UTC on July 20, 1969. One of three probes attached to three of the lunar module's four legs made contact with the surface, a panel light in the LM illuminated, and Aldrin called out, "Contact light." Armstrong shut the engine off and said, "Shutdown." As the LM settled onto the surface, Aldrin said, "Okay, engine stop"; then they both called out some post-landing checklist items. After a ten-second pause, Duke acknowledged the landing with, "We copy you down, "Eagle"." Armstrong announced the landing to Mission Control and the world with

title: Moon landing