question: when did the democratic party change its name

answers: the 1830s

title: Democrat Party (epithet)

text: always said "Democratic Party" and would continue to do so, which contrasted with his predecessor, Meade Alcorn, and with National Republican Senatorial Committee chairman Barry Goldwater, both of whom used "Democrat Party". According to Congressional Quarterly, at the 1968 Republican National Convention "the GOP did revert to the epithet of 'Democrat' party. The phrase had been used in 1952 and 1956 but not in 1960 and 1964". According to William Safire, Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen, campaign manager to Republican Wendell Willkie during the 1940 presidential campaign, explained that because the Democratic Party was at that time partly controlled by undemocratic

title: Democratic Party (United States)

text: but the name "Democratic Party" was eventually settled upon and became the official name in 1844. Members of the party are called "Democrats" or "Dems". The term "Democrat Party" has also been in local use, but has usually been used by opponents since 1952 as a disparaging term. The most common mascot symbol for the party has been the donkey, or jackass. Andrew Jackson's enemies twisted his name to "jackass" as a term of ridicule regarding a stupid and stubborn animal. However, the Democrats liked the common-man implications and picked it up too, therefore the image persisted and evolved. Its

title: Democrat Party (epithet)

text: city bosses, "by [Frank] Hague in New Jersey, [Tom] Pendergast in Missouri and [Edward Joseph] Kelly-Nash in Chicago, [it] should not be called a 'Democratic Party.' It should be called the 'Democrat Party.'" Columnist Russell Baker wrote in 1976: During the 1984 Republican National Convention, use of the term was a point of contention among the delegates. When a member of the Republican platform committee asked unanimous consent to change the phrasing of a platform amendment to read "Democrat Party" instead of "Democratic Party", New York Representative Jack Kemp objected, saying that would be "an insult to our Democratic friends;"

title: Progressive Democratic Party (South Carolina)

text: of the white Democratic party. They originally called their party the South Carolina Colored Democratic Party, but at a convention in Columbia on May 24 the party was formally established as the Progressive Democratic Party (PDP). The term colored was omitted from the name because their goal was racial inclusion and they did not want the appearance of an exclusively black party. A story was later concocted by McCray that the name was changed because an elderly white liberal woman wanted to join to the party. At the party's convention, they selected a slate of eighteen delegates for the Democratic

text: the margin that Olin D. Johnston needed to beat Strom Thurmond in the 1950 Senate election. In 1948, the party ceased functioning as a party and instead operated as a political action group. The PDP was urged by Thurgood Marshall among others to drop "Party" from their name so that the white party leaders would be unable to claim that they were discriminating in the same manner as the PDP. Thus when the Supreme Court ruled in "Brown v. Baskin" that the Democratic Party had to allow blacks into the party, the Progressive Democrats operated within the Democratic Party to

title: Democrat Party (epithet)

text: used by the London press as a synonym for the more common "Democratic Party" in 1890: "Whether a little farmer from South Carolina named Tillman is going to rule the Democrat Party in America—yet it is this, and not output, on which the proximate value of silver depends." In American history, many parties were named by their opponents (Federalists, Loco-Focos, Know Nothings, Populists, Dixiecrats), including the Democrats themselves, as the Federalists in the 1790s used "Democratic Party" as a term of ridicule. Addressing a gathering of Michigan Republicans in 1889, New Hampshire Republican Congressman Jacob H. Gallinger said: The 1919

title: Democrat Party (epithet)

text: rally he said, falsely, that "When you see 'Democratic Party,' it's wrong. There's no name, 'Democratic Party.'" According to Media Matters for America, the "ungrammatical" and "partisan" use of the phrase "Democrat Party" has been replicated by the Associated Press, "CNN", "The New York Times", "The Wall Street Journal", and the "Chicago Tribune". National Public Radio (NPR) directed its staff in 2010 to use the adjective "Democratic" rather than "Democrat". According to Ron Elving, NPR's senior Washington editor, it was the organization's policy to call parties by the name that they use to refer to themselves, saying: "We should not

title: Liberal Democratic Party (Australia)

text: Party. However, in 2008 the party successfully applied to the Australian Electoral Commission to change its federally registered name to Liberal Democratic Party. During this period, the party remained registered under its original name in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). In 2016 the Liberal Party again sought to challenge the name but ultimately abandoned the action. Liberal Democratic Party (Australia) The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP or Liberal Democrats) is an Australian political party founded in Canberra in 2001. The party espouses smaller government, and supports policies that are based on classical liberal and right-libertarian principles. The LDP is a registered

title: Democratic Socialist Federation

text: changed its name to "Social Democrats, USA" by a vote of 73 to 34. Changing the name of the Socialist Party to "Social Democrats USA" was intended to be "realistic." "The New York Times" observed that the Socialist Party had last sponsored a candidate for President in 1956, who received only 2,121 votes, which were cast in only six states. Because the Socialist Party no longer sponsored candidates in Presidential elections, continued use of the name "Party" was "misleading" and hindered the recruiting of activists who participated in the Democratic Party, according to the majority report. The name "Socialist" was

title: Democrat Party (epithet)

text: use the term in the August 2008 Republican platform for similar reasons was voted down, with leaders choosing to use "Democratic Party". "We probably should use what the actual name is," said Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour, the panel's chairman. "At least in writing." Following his inauguration in 2001, President George W. Bush often used the noun-as-adjective when referring to the Democratic party. Ruth Marcus, an opinion writer and columnist for "The Washington Post", wrote in 2006, "The derisive use of 'Democrat' in this way was a Bush staple during the recent campaign". Bush spoke of the "" in his 2007

title: Shinui

text: people and academics in 1974, following the 1973 Arab–Israeli Yom Kippur War, which shook the Israeli public. Prior to the 1977 elections, it formed an alliance with several other small liberal parties. Initially, the party was called Democrats-Shinui, but was soon changed to the "Democratic Movement for Change", and, as with many parties in Israel, became popularly known by its acronym, "Dash". The new party caught the public's imagination, with over 37,000 people signing up as members within a few weeks of its foundation. It also pioneered the use of primaries to choose its electoral list, something that was intended

title: Democratic Party (United States)

text: Democratic Party (United States) The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. The Democrats' dominant worldview was once social conservatism and economic liberalism while populism was its leading characteristic in the rural South. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate in the Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party, beginning a switch of political platforms

title: Louisiana Democratic Party

text: the 21st century. Because of demographic changes and political realignment, the Democratic Party has won fewer offices at the statewide and national levels in Louisiana. In 2004 Democrats held both Senate seats as well as six statewide offices. But in February 2011, Buddy Caldwell, Louisiana Attorney General and the only statewide elected Democrat, switched to the Republican Party of Louisiana. In September 2011, the Democratic Party did not field a major candidate for any of the statewide offices for the November elections. Despite this, the Democratic Party appears to be keeping its appeal at a local level. In November 2011,

title: Liberal Democratic Party (Australia)

text: South Wales branch of the Labor Party. Latham also announced that he was open to running as a candidate for the Liberal Democrats. Founded as the Liberal Democratic Party in 2001, changes to the Electoral Act by the Howard government forced all parties without parliamentary representation to deregister, and re-register under stricter naming rules. Advised by the Australian Electoral Commission that federal registration under the original name was uncertain given opposition by the Liberal Party of Australia, and lacking the funding to appeal a likely negative finding, in 2007 the party chose to register federally as the Liberty and Democracy

title: Democratic Party (South Africa)

text: Democratic Party (South Africa) The Democratic Party (DP) was the name of the South African political party now called the Democratic Alliance. Although the Democratic Party name dates from 1989, the party existed under other labels throughout the apartheid years, when it was the Parliamentary opposition to the ruling National Party's policies. The Progressive Federal Party had formed the main parliamentary opposition to the Apartheid regime in the whites-only House of Assembly since 1977. But the party was ousted as the official opposition in the 1987 election and pushed into third place behind the far-right Conservative Party, which opposed even

title: Democratic Party (United States)

text: official website. In September 2010, the Democratic Party unveiled its new logo, which featured a blue D inside a blue circle. It was the party's first official logo; the donkey logo had only been semi-official. Jefferson-Jackson Day is the annual fundraising event (dinner) held by Democratic Party organizations across the United States. It is named after Presidents Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson, whom the party regards as its distinguished early leaders. The song "Happy Days Are Here Again" is the unofficial song of the Democratic Party. It was used prominently when Franklin D. Roosevelt was nominated for president at the

title: Democratic Labour Party (Australia)

text: until 1974 played an important role in Australian politics. The Australian Electoral Commission considers the current DLP to be legally the same as the earlier DLP, and so the party was not affected by laws from the John Howard era (1996–2007) which deregistered parties which had never had a parliamentary presence and prohibited party names that include words from another party's name. A party named the Democratic Labor Party or Democratic Labour Party has competed in all elections since 1955. The original DLP resulted from the conservative Catholic National Civic Council's anti-communist entryist tactics within the ALP and Australian trade

title: History of the United States Democratic Party

text: Party to the Republican Party. The Democrats lost a net of six state governorships and a net 680 seats in state legislatures. The Democrats lost control of seven state Senate legislatures and 13 state Houses. This was the worst performance of the Democratic Party in a national election since the 1946 elections. The Blue Dog Coalition numbers in the House were reduced from 54 members in 2008 to 26 members in 2011 and were half of the Democratic defeats during the election. This was the first United States national election in which Super PACs were used by Democrats and Republicans.

title: Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee

text: 34. Renaming the Party as SDUSA was meant to be "realistic". "The New York Times" observed that the Socialist Party had last sponsored a candidate for President in 1956, who received only 2,121 votes, which were cast in only 6 states. Because the party no longer sponsored candidates in presidential elections, the name "Party" had been "misleading" as "Party" had hindered the recruiting of activists who participated in the Democratic Party, according to the majority report. The name "Socialist" was replaced by "Social Democrats" because many American associated the word "socialism" with Soviet communism. The party also wished to distinguish

title: Democrat Party (epithet)

text: source of irritation to members of the Democratic Party. The term "Democrat Party" is an epithet for the Democratic Party of the United States, used disparagingly by the party's opponents. According to the news agency United Press International: Language expert Roy Copperud said it was used by Republicans who disliked the implication that "Democratic Party" implied to listeners that Democrats "are somehow the anointed custodians of the concept of democracy". According to Oxford Dictionaries, the use of "Democrat" rather than the adjective "Democratic" Political commentator William Safire wrote in 1993 that the "Democrat" of "Democrat Party" "does conveniently rhyme with

title: Democrat Party (epithet)

text: The host, Chris Matthews, responded by saying: Issa denied that he intended to use "fighting words", to which Matthews replied, "They call themselves the Democratic Party. Let's just call people what they call themselves and stop the Mickey Mouse here—save that for the stump." In March 2009, after Representative Jeb Hensarling (R–Texas) repeatedly used the phrase "Democrat Party" when questioning U.S. Office of Management and Budget director Peter Orszag, Representative Marcy Kaptur (D–Ohio) responded, saying: Democrat Party (epithet) Democrat Party is an epithet for the Democratic Party in the United States, used in a disparaging fashion by the party's opponents.

title: Democratic Party (South Korea, 2007)

text: Democratic Party (South Korea, 2007) The Democratic Party was a brief political party of South Korea found after the dissolution of the Democratic Party (2000). On 27 June 2007 the Democratic Party (2000) dissolved and formed the Democratic Party (2007). In-je was elected the party's Presidential candidate by the delegates on 14 October 2007 and the party changed its name to Centrist Reformists Democratic Party but received poor results in the election on December 19: He obtained only 0.7% of the vote On 17 February 2008 the party merged with the United New Democratic Party to form the United Democratic

title: Democratic Party (1943)

text: seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Liberal Democrat Party fused with it in August 1944 and the party was briefly known as the United Democratic Party before it became the NSW division of the Liberal Party the next year It was not related to the Democratic Party, a Catholic party which contested the 1922 state election. Democratic Party (1943) The Democratic Party was a short-lived, urban, conservative political party which was active in New South Wales, Australia between 1943 and 1945. In 1931 Joseph Lyons resigned from the Australian Labor Party and together with the opposition Nationalist Party, five dissident

title: Democratic Party of Georgia

text: the beginning of a decline for the Democratic Party of Georgia. Georgia House Speaker Tom Murphy, the longest serving Speaker in any state legislature, lost his bid for another term in the state House. Four Democrats in the Georgia State Senate changed their political affiliation, handing the upper house to the GOP. And in 2004, the Democratic Party lost control of the Georgia House of Representatives, putting the party in the minority for the first time in Georgia history. The Democratic Party of Georgia entered the 2010 elections with hopes that former Governor Roy Barnes could win back the Governor's

text: The modern Democratic Party emerged in the 1830s from former factions of the Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by 1824.  It was built by Martin Van Buren who assembled a cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson of Tennessee.

title: Democratic Party (South Korea, 2007)

text: Party. Democratic Party (South Korea, 2007) The Democratic Party was a brief political party of South Korea found after the dissolution of the Democratic Party (2000). On 27 June 2007 the Democratic Party (2000) dissolved and formed the Democratic Party (2007). In-je was elected the party's Presidential candidate by the delegates on 14 October 2007 and the party changed its name to Centrist Reformists Democratic Party but received poor results in the election on December 19: He obtained only 0.7% of the vote On 17 February 2008 the party merged with the United New Democratic Party to form the United

title: Democratic Party (Japan, 2016)

text: "minshu" ("democratic") and , not from "ishin" (innovation). A literal translation of the name in English would be "Democratic Progressive Party", identical to the Taiwanese centre-left party which also shared the same Chinese characters. However, the party officially stated its English name as the Democratic Party. The Democratic Party, like its predecessor Democratic Party of Japan, was composed of factions originating in the Liberal Democratic Party, Japan Socialist Party and the Democratic Socialist Party, augmented by the merger with the Japan Innovation Party. Significant factions existing within the party included: In the 2017 general election of members of the House

title: Social Democrats, USA

text: only six states. Because the SPA no longer sponsored party candidates in elections, continued use of the name "party" was "misleading" and hindered the recruiting of activists who participated in the Democratic Party according to the majority report. The name "Socialist" was replaced by "Social Democrats" because many American associated the word "socialism" with Soviet Communism. Moreover, the organization sought to distinguish itself from two small Marxist parties, the Socialist Workers Party and the Socialist Labor Party. During the 1972 Convention, the majority ("Unity Caucus") won every vote by a ratio of two to one. The Convention elected a national

title: Red-baiting

text: voted on by the entire RNC, that would call on the Democratic party to rename itself the "Democrat Socialist Party". If the RNC adopted this resolution, the RNC's official view would become that Democrats are socialists. From the resolution: RESOLVED, that we the members of the Republican National Committee call on the Democratic Party to be truthful and honest with the American people by acknowledging that they have evolved from a party of tax and spend to a party of tax and nationalize and, therefore, should agree to rename themselves the Democrat Socialist Party. On Wednesday 20 May 2009, supporters

title: Social Democrats, USA

text: criticized the "irresponsibility and élitism of the 'New Politics' liberals". The party changed its name to Social Democrats, USA by a vote of 73 to 34. Changing the name of the Socialist Party of America to Social Democrats, USA was intended to be "realistic" as the intention was to respond to the end of the running of actual SPA candidates for office and to respond to the confusions of Americans. "The New York Times" observed that the Socialist Party had last sponsored Darlington Hoopes as candidate for President in 1956 and who received only 2,121 votes, which were cast in


question: what percentage of global man-made co2 emissions comes from worldwide aviation

answers: 4 percent cumulative effect

title: Airline

text: global anthropogenic GHG emissions per annum. North America accounts for nearly 40 percent of the world's GHG emissions from aviation fuel use. CO2 emissions from the jet fuel burned per passenger on an average airline flight is about 353 kilograms (776 pounds). Loss of natural habitat potential associated with the jet fuel burned per passenger on a airline flight is estimated to be 250 square meters (2700 square feet). In the context of climate change and peak oil, there is a debate about possible taxation of air travel and the inclusion of aviation in an emissions trading scheme, with a

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: produces about 715 kg (1574 lb) of CO (but is equivalent to 1,917 kg (4,230 lb) of CO when the high altitude "climatic forcing" effect is taken into account). Within the categories of flights above, emissions from scheduled jet flights are substantially higher than turboprop or chartered jet flights. About 60 percent of aviation emissions arise from international flights, and these flights are not covered by the Kyoto Protocol and its emissions reduction targets. However, in a more recent development:The United Nations’ aviation arm overwhelmingly ratified an agreement Thursday [6 October 2016] to control global warming emissions from international airline

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: of radiative forcing." UK government policy statements have stressed the need for aviation to address its total climate change impacts and not simply the impact of CO. The IPCC has estimated that aviation is responsible for around 3.5 percent of anthropogenic climate change, a figure which includes both CO and non-CO induced effects. The IPCC has produced scenarios estimating what this figure could be in 2050. The central case estimate is that aviation's contribution could grow to five percent of the total contribution by 2050 if action is not taken to tackle these emissions, though the highest scenario is 15

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: increase the total impact on anthropogenic (human-made) climate change significantly. A 2007 report from Environmental Change Institute / Oxford University posits a range closer to four percent cumulative effect. Subsonic aircraft-in-flight contribute to climate change in four ways: CO emissions from aircraft-in-flight are the most significant and best understood element of aviation's total contribution to climate change. The level and effects of CO emissions are currently believed to be broadly the same regardless of altitude (i.e., they have the same atmospheric effects as ground-based emissions). In 1992, emissions of CO from aircraft were estimated at around two percent of all

text: The agreement has critics. It is not aligned with the 2015 Paris climate agreement, which set the objective of restricting global warming to 1.5 to 2 °C. A late draft of the agreement would have required the air transport industry to assess its share of global carbon budgeting to meet that objective, but the text was removed in the agreed version. CORSIA will regulate only about 25 percent of aviation's international emissions, since it grandfathers all emissions below the 2020 level, allowing unregulated growth until then. Only 65 nations will participate in the initial voluntary period, not including significant emitters

text: having a better than 50% chance of keeping global warming below 2 degrees Celsius, in 2050 aviation will make up 15% of global CO emissions. In more conventional scenarios its emissions will exceed the entire global carbon budget before then. This presents governments and the operators of aircraft with a responsibility to reduce the aviation industry's emissions. Mitigation of aviation's environmental impact can be achieved through a variety of measures, the most obvious and arguably the most economical of which is to reduce the fuel burn of the aircraft as this accounts for 28% of an airlines costs. However, there

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: account. Like all human activities involving combustion, most forms of aviation release carbon dioxide (CO) and other greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the acceleration of global warming and (in the case of CO) ocean acidification. These concerns are highlighted by the present volume of commercial aviation and its rate of growth. Globally, about 8.3 million people fly daily (three billion occupied seats per year), twice the total in 1999. U.S. airlines alone burned about 16.2 billion gallons of fuel during the twelve months between October 2013 and September 2014. In addition to the CO released by most

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: date. Under the agreement, the global aviation emissions target is a 50 percent reduction by 2050 relative to 2005. NGO reaction to the deal was mixed. The agreement has critics. It is not aligned with the 2015 Paris climate agreement, which set the objective of restricting global warming to 1.5 to 2 °C. A late draft of the agreement would have required the air transport industry to assess its share of global carbon budgeting to meet that objective, but the text was removed in the agreed version. CORSIA will regulate only about 25 percent of aviation's international emissions, since it

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide (which bonds with oxygen to become CO immediately upon release), incompletely burned hydrocarbons, tetraethyllead (piston aircraft only), and radicals such as hydroxyl, depending on the type of aircraft in use. Emissions weighting factor (EWFs) i.e., the factor by which aviation emissions should be multiplied to get the -equivalent emissions for annual fleet average conditions is in the range 1.3–2.9. In 1999 the contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO emissions was estimated to be around two percent. However, in the cases of high-altitude airliners which frequently fly near or in the stratosphere, non-CO altitude-sensitive effects may

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: of seating configurations on carbon emissions that: In attempting to aggregate and quantify the total climate impact of aircraft emissions the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that aviation's total climate impact is some two to four times that of its direct CO emissions alone (excluding the potential impact of cirrus cloud enhancement). This is measured as radiative forcing. While there is uncertainty about the exact level of impact of NO and water vapour, governments have accepted the broad scientific view that they do have an effect. Globally in 2005, aviation contributed "possibly as much as 4.9 percent

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: percent. Moreover, if other industries achieve significant cuts in their own greenhouse gas emissions, aviation's share as a proportion of the remaining emissions could also rise. Even though there have been significant improvements in fuel efficiency through aircraft technology and operational management as described here, these improvements are being continually eclipsed by the increase in air traffic volume. A December 2015 report finds that aircraft could generate of carbon pollution through to 2050, consuming almost 5 percent of the remaining global climate budget. Without regulation, global aviation emissions may triple by mid-century and could emit more than of carbon annually

title: Environmental impact of transport

text: of increase in UK passenger air travel and with the government's targeted emissions reductions in other energy use sectors, by 2030 aviation would be causing 70% of the UK's allowable emissions. Worse, aircraft emissions at stratospheric altitudes have a greater contribution to radiative forcing than do emissions at sea level, due to effects several greenhouses gases in the emissions, apart from CO. The other GHGs include methane (CH), NO which leads to ozone [O], and water vapor. Overall, in 2005 the radiative forcing caused by aviation amounted to 4.9% of all human-caused radiative forcing on Earth's heat balance. Unleaded gasoline

title: Mode of transport

text: climate than if the same CO emissions were made at ground level, because of different atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing effects at the higher altitude. U.S. airlines alone burned about 16.2 billion gallons of fuel during the twelve months between October 2013 and September 2014. WHO estimates that globally as many as 500,000 people at a time are on planes. The global trend has been for increasing numbers of people to travel by air, and individually to do so with increasing frequency and over longer distances, a dilemma that has the attention of climate scientists and other researchers, the press,

text: pay $50 for offsetting emissions through renewable energy projects. Mitigation of aviation's environmental impact Aviation affects the environment due to aircraft engines emitting noise, particulates, and gases which contribute to climate change and global dimming. Despite emission reductions from automobiles and more fuel-efficient (and therefore less polluting) turbofan and turboprop engines, the rapid growth of air travel in recent years contributes to an increase in total pollution attributable to aviation. In the EU, greenhouse gas emissions from aviation increased by 87% between 1990 and 2006. At present aviation accounts for 2.5% of global CO emissions. Due to projected growth in

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: such anthropogenic emissions, and that year the atmospheric concentration of CO attributable to aviation was around one percent of the total anthropogenic increase since the industrial revolution, having accumulated largely over just the last 50 years. At the high altitudes flown by large jet airliners around the tropopause, emissions of NO are particularly effective in forming ozone (O) in the upper troposphere. High altitude (8–13 km) NO emissions result in greater concentrations of O than surface NO emissions, and these in turn have a greater global warming effect. The effect of O surface concentrations are regional and local, but it

text: Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation, or CORSIA, is an emission mitigation approach for the global airline industry, developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). CORSIA addresses emissions from international air travel. The proposal has been described as "a delicate compromise between all involved in its elaboration." As per an IPCC report published in 1999, aviation accounted for approximately two percent of global carbon emissions due to human activity, as of 1992 . Per capita emissions from air travel is one of the highest in comparison to various other

title: Airline

text: also share 40% of merchandise value in and out of Europe. Without even pressure from "green activists", targeting lower ticket prices, generally, airlines do what is possible to cut the fuel consumption (and gas emissions connected therewith). Further, according to some reports, it can be concluded that the last piston-powered aircraft were as fuel-efficient as the average jet in 2005. Despite continuing efficiency improvements from the major aircraft manufacturers, the expanding demand for global air travel has resulted in growing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Currently, the aviation sector, including US domestic and global international travel, make approximately 1.6 percent of

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: 5.2 percent per year. And in the European Union, greenhouse gas emissions from aviation increased by 87 percent between 1990 and 2006. Comprehensive research shows that despite anticipated efficiency innovations to airframes, engines, aerodynamics and flight operations, there is no end in sight, even many decades out, to rapid growth in CO emissions from air travel and air freight, due to projected continual growth in air travel. This is because international aviation emissions have escaped international regulation up to the ICAO triennial conference in October 2016 agreed on the CORSIA offset scheme.. In addition, due to low or non-existent taxes

title: Air transport in the United Kingdom

text: account the total impact of emissions attributable to aviation is estimated to be twice that of its carbon emissions alone. Although the Government has committed to reducing total UK carbon emissions by 80 per cent from existing levels by 2050, its policy is based on the use of "… economic instruments to ensure that growing industries are catered for within a reducing total." Even if this reduction in total carbon emissions is achieved, research published in February 2006 concluded that aviation could account for between 24 per cent and 50 per cent of the UK's carbon budget by 2050. The

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: en route. Also, the effect of a given amount of emissions on climate (radiative forcing) is greater at higher altitudes: see below. Some representative figures for CO emissions are provided by LIPASTO's survey of average direct emissions (not accounting for high-altitude radiative effects) of airliners expressed as CO and CO equivalent per passenger kilometre: These emissions are similar to a four-seat car occupied by one person; however, flying trips often cover longer distances than would be undertaken by car, so the total emissions are much higher. For perspective, per passenger a typical economy-class New York to Los Angeles round trip

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: flights, the first climate-change pact to set worldwide limits on a single industry. The agreement, adopted overwhelmingly by the 191-nation International Civil Aviation Organization at a meeting in Montreal, sets airlines' carbon emissions in the year 2020 as the upper limit of what carriers are allowed to discharge.Figures from British Airways suggest carbon dioxide emissions of 100 g per passenger kilometre for large jet airliners (a figure which does not account for the production of other pollutants or condensation trails). In 2013 the World Bank published a study of the effect on emissions of its staff's travel in business class

title: Airline

text: dimming. Growth of the industry in recent years raised a number of ecological questions. Domestic air transport grew in China at 15.5 percent annually from 2001 to 2006. The rate of air travel globally increased at 3.7 percent per year over the same time. In the EU greenhouse gas emissions from aviation increased by 87% between 1990 and 2006. However it must be compared with the flights increase, only in UK, between 1990 and 2006 terminal passengers increased from 100 000 thousands to 250 000 thousands., according to AEA reports every year, 750 million passengers travel by European airlines, which

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: to address the more than (2010) of carbon dioxide emitted annually by international passenger and cargo flights. The agreement will use an offsetting scheme called CORSIA (the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) under which forestry and other carbon-reducing activities are directly funded, amounting to about two percent of annual revenues for the sector. Rules against "double counting" should ensure that existing forest protection efforts are not recycled. The scheme does not take effect until 2021 and will be voluntary until 2027, but many countries, including the US and China, have promised to begin at its 2020 inception

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: aircraft in flight through the burning of fuels such as Jet-A (turbine aircraft) or Avgas (piston aircraft), the aviation industry contributes greenhouse gas emissions from ground airport vehicles and those used by passengers and staff to access airports, as well as through emissions generated by the production of energy used in airport buildings, the manufacture of aircraft and the construction of airport infrastructure. While the principal greenhouse gas emission from powered aircraft in flight is CO, other emissions may include nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (together termed oxides of nitrogen or NO), water vapour and particulates (soot and sulfate particles),

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: In 1999 the contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO2 emissions was estimated to be around 2%. However, in the case of high-altitude airliners which frequently fly near or in the stratosphere, non-CO2 altitude-sensitive effects may increase the total impact on anthropogenic (human-made) climate change significantly. A 2007 report from Environmental Change Institute / Oxford University posits a range closer to 4 percent cumulative effect.  Subsonic aircraft-in-flight contribute to climate change in four ways:

title: Energy conservation in the United Kingdom

text: international passengers were carried through UK airports (159.1 million in total, including domestic aviation). Due to the expansion of airport capacity envisaged by the Department for Transport's white paper "The Future of Air Transport", it is forecast that 470 million passengers are likely to be carried by 2030. Using the Department for Transport's 'best case' emission forecasts, in their August 2006 report the Environmental Audit Select Committee expect that the sector will account for 24% of the UK's emissions in 2050, compared to around 5% in 2006. In addition, due to a variety of altitude-related factors, carbon emissions from aviation

text: called CORSIA (the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) under which forestry and other carbon-reducing activities are directly funded, amounting to about 2% of annual revenues for the sector. Rules against 'double counting' should ensure that existing forest protection efforts are not recycled. The scheme does not take effect until 2021 and will be voluntary until 2027, but many countries, including the US and China, have promised to begin at its 2020 inception date. Under the agreement, the global aviation emissions target is a 50% reduction by 2050 relative to 2005. NGO reaction to the deal was mixed.

title: Environmental impact of aviation

text: the century-end temperature increase to even 4° or 6° C. (See also: the 4 Degrees and Beyond International Climate Conference (2009) and its proceedings.) His charts show the projected domestic aviation carbon emission increase for the UK as growing from 11 MT in 2006 to 17 MT in 2012, at the UK's historic annual emission growth rate of seven percent. Beyond 2012 if the growth rate were reduced to three percent yearly, carbon emissions in 2030 would be 28 MT, which is 70 percent of the UK's entire carbon emissions budget that year for all sectors of society. This work

title: Carbon footprint

text: for CO emissions are provided by LIPASTO's survey of average direct emissions (not accounting for high-altitude radiative effects) of airliners expressed as CO and CO equivalent per passenger kilometre: However, emissions per unit distance traveled is not necessarily the best indicator for the carbon footprint of air travel, because the distances covered are commonly longer than by other modes of travel. It is the total emissions for a trip that matters for a carbon footprint, not the merely rate of emissions. For example, a greatly more distant holiday destination may be chosen than if another mode of travel were used,

text: Mitigation of aviation's environmental impact Aviation affects the environment due to aircraft engines emitting noise, particulates, and gases which contribute to climate change and global dimming. Despite emission reductions from automobiles and more fuel-efficient (and therefore less polluting) turbofan and turboprop engines, the rapid growth of air travel in recent years contributes to an increase in total pollution attributable to aviation. In the EU, greenhouse gas emissions from aviation increased by 87% between 1990 and 2006. At present aviation accounts for 2.5% of global CO emissions. Due to projected growth in air travel, in the most technologically radical scenarios for

title: Environmental impact of aviation


question: who won the 7 man elimination chamber match

answers: Roman Reigns

title: Elimination Chamber (2018)

text: simultaneously pinned Wyatt, and it was decided that both would be a part of the Elimination Chamber match, marking the first seven-man chamber match. The following week, all seven men participated in a gauntlet match that began with Reigns and Rollins. Reigns was eliminated followed by Cena. Elias then eliminated Rollins, but was in turn eliminated by Bálor, who was eliminated by The Miz. Strowman won the gauntlet match by pinning The Miz in what was the longest match in WWE history, lasting nearly two hours. On the January 29 episode of "Raw", Commissioner Stephanie McMahon convinced Asuka, who won

title: Elimination Chamber (2010)

text: Cody Rhodes, Triple H defeated Jack Swagger, Randy Orton defeated Shawn Michaels, Ted DiBiase defeated Mark Henry, and Kofi Kingston defeated The Big Show by disqualification. In the weeks prior to Elimination Chamber the participants faced off in several matches, which included DiBiase vs. Cena ending in a no contest, Sheamus defeating Orton by disqualification, DiBiase defeating Kingston via pinfall, and Cena vs. Triple H ending in a no contest due to Sheamus interfering and attacking both participants. The February 5 episode of "SmackDown" saw the five wrestlers qualify to challenge The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship in a

title: Elimination Chamber (2012)

text: on "Raw", Jericho won a Six-Pack Challenge featuring all six Elimination Chamber participants to earn the right to enter the match last. On February 3, 2012, it was announced that there will also be a SmackDown Elimination Chamber match for the World Heavyweight Championship. In the match, Daniel Bryan will defend his championship against Cody Rhodes, Wade Barrett, Big Show, The Great Khali, and Santino Marella. Originally, Mark Henry was named as a participant in the match, but was removed from the contest and suspended indefinitely by SmackDown General Manager Theodore Long for threatening him. The Great Khali replaced him

title: Elimination Chamber (2011)

text: Intercontinental Champion Kofi Kingston. Del Rio forced Kingston to submit to the Cross Armbreaker to win the match. Next was the Elimination Chamber match for the World Heavyweight Championship involving Edge, Rey Mysterio, Kane, Drew McIntyre, Big Show and Wade Barrett. Edge and Mysterio started the match. Barrett entered at #3, Kane entered at #4, McIntyre entered at #5 and Big Show entered at #6. Barrett was eliminated by Big Show after a KO Punch. Big Show was eliminated by Kane after a Chokeslam. McIntyre was eliminated by Kane after a Chokeslam. Kane was eliminated by Edge after a Spear.

title: Elimination Chamber (2011)

text: manager announced a Raw Rumble match, to determine the WWE Championship contender at Elimination Chamber, while the losing participants would be entered into an Elimination Chamber match to determine who will face the WWE Champion at WrestleMania XXVII. The participants were CM Punk, Randy Orton, King Sheamus, John Morrison, John Cena, Jerry Lawler, and R-Truth. Lawler last eliminated Sheamus to win the battle royal to earn himself the title match, while the other six contestants went on to participate in the Raw Elimination Chamber match. At the Royal Rumble, Alberto Del Rio won the eponymous match to earn himself a

title: Elimination Chamber (2018)

text: the Raw brand. Storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television show "Monday Night Raw". The card was highlighted by two Elimination Chamber matches, one of which was the first to involve women, and the men's chamber match was the first to have seven participants. At the Royal Rumble, Shinsuke Nakamura won the men's Royal Rumble match and decided to stay on SmackDown to challenge for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania 34. This left Brock Lesnar, who at the same event retained his Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, without an opponent at WrestleMania. In

title: Elimination Chamber (2013)

text: the World Heavyweight Championship with only six entrants allowed to participate by winning qualifying matches issued by Booker T and Teddy Long. Randy Orton defeated Wade Barrett to qualify and Daniel Bryan defeated Rey Mysterio to qualify also. Kane and Jack Swagger defeated Dolph Ziggler and Zack Ryder respectively to earn qualification. With Mark Henry and Chris Jericho making recent returns to the WWE, both demanded a spot in the Chamber. Both defeated men who had already qualified for the Elimination Chamber match; Henry defeated Orton and Jericho defeated Bryan. The pre-show saw Tensai and Brodus Clay defeat Team Rhodes

title: Elimination Chamber (2010)

text: hosting promotion, World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Storylines between the characters were produced on WWE's weekly television shows "Raw" and "SmackDown" with the Raw and SmackDown brands—storyline divisions in which WWE assigned its employees to different programs. The main event matches for the Elimination Chamber event consisted of two Elimination Chamber matches, with Raw's WWE Championship defended in one and SmackDown's World Heavyweight Championship defended in the other. Qualifying matches were held on the February 1 episode of "Raw" to determine the five challengers who would face the WWE Champion Sheamus in Raw's Elimination Chamber match. In qualifiers, John Cena defeated

title: Elimination Chamber

text: Elimination Chamber The Elimination Chamber is a professional wrestling elimination-based match held in the WWE. The match was created by Triple H and was introduced by Eric Bischoff in November 2002. It features a large chain-linked circular steel structure, which encloses the ring. The chamber's floor is platformed over the ringside area which elevates it to ring level. Within the chamber are four inner enclosures outside each ring corner. While similar in profile and nature to WWE's original large scale steel-structured match, Hell in a Cell, the Elimination Chamber match is a multiple participant match, wherein two participants begin the

title: Elimination Chamber (2015)

text: event was the first to include a tag-team Chamber match. In the main event, Dean Ambrose defeated WWE World Heavyweight Champion Seth Rollins by disqualification. Also, Kevin Owens defeated John Cena in his debut match at the event. The event was originally scheduled to be a house show, a wrestling show that is not televised, but it was announced during the May 11th "Raw" that Elimination Chamber would return and the show would be televised. The annual Elimination Chamber event was initially replaced during February by "Fastlane" because many arenas were not able to physically support the Elimination Chamber structure,

title: Elimination Chamber (2010)

text: featured six competitors: the defending champion and five challengers. Sheamus defended the WWE Championship against Triple H, Ted DiBiase, Randy Orton, John Cena, and Kofi Kingston in the Raw Elimination Chamber. In the SmackDown Elimination Chamber match, The Undertaker defended the World Heavyweight Championship against Chris Jericho, John Morrison, Rey Mysterio, CM Punk, and R-Truth. On the undercard, Drew McIntyre defended the WWE Intercontinental Championship against Kane, The Miz defended the WWE United States Championship against Montel Vontavious Porter, and Maryse and Gail Kim competed against LayCool (Layla and Michelle McCool) in an interbrand Divas tag team match. The event

title: Elimination Chamber

text: chamber opened, their weapon entered the match with them. The four weapons used in the match were a crowbar, a table, a steel folding chair, and a barbed wire-wrapped baseball bat. The 2015 Elimination Chamber event saw another slight variation of the match: the tag team chamber match. Both team members were inside of their respective pods, for a total of six tag teams in the match. The 2018 Elimination Chamber featured the first seven-man chamber match. Due to the extra person, three competitors started the match instead of two. The 2018 event also featured the first women's chamber match,

title: Finn Bálor

text: at the same time, where general manager Kurt Angle would announce following "Raw" that Bálor and Rollins would both be a part of the Chamber match, making it the first 7-man Elimination Chamber match. The next week, Bàlor wrestled in a Gauntlet match where he defeated Elias before losing to The Miz. He was unsuccessful in the Elimination Chamber Match, being eliminated by Braun Strowman. In the following weeks, he entered the Intercontinental Championship picture, feuding with both then-champion The Miz and fellow-challenger Seth Rollins. He unsuccessfully bid for the title at WrestleMania 34, in a triple threat match ultimately

title: Elimination Chamber

text: pipe which he used to eliminate Randy Orton in the match for the WWE Championship. Later in the night, Shawn Michaels broke into the Chamber match to cost The Undertaker his World Heavyweight Championship to Chris Jericho. At the 2013 Elimination Chamber event, Mark Henry took out the remaining participants in the Chamber match for a World Heavyweight Championship match at WrestleMania 29 after being eliminated until SmackDown GM Booker T broke it up. At the 2014 Elimination Chamber for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, The Wyatt Family interfered by attacking John Cena, which would lead to his eventual elimination.

title: Elimination Chamber

text: including the joint-branded match with ECW. Elimination Chamber has featured more Elimination Chamber matches than any other pay-per-view, with thirteen matches being held. Triple H has the most number of victories with four. Chris Jericho holds the distinctions of being involved in the most number of Elimination Chamber matches to date (8) and eliminating the most wrestlers (10). Braun Strowman has the most eliminations in a single Elimination Chamber match (5). The majority of matches have been contested for a top-tier championship with the World Heavyweight Championship being contested for the most in seven matches, the WWE Championship being contested

title: Elimination Chamber (2018)

text: the inaugural women's Royal Rumble match the previous night at the Royal Rumble, to wait until after Elimination Chamber to pick which championship to challenge for at WrestleMania 34, as Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss was scheduled to defend her title in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match. The following week, General Manager Kurt Angle announced that Bayley, Mandy Rose, Mickie James, Sasha Banks, and Sonya Deville would be the other competitors in the match. Bliss came out and questioned Angle as to why she had to defend her title in the Elimination Chamber match while Universal Champion Brock Lesnar

title: Elimination Chamber (2015)

text: the characters played out on WWE's primary television programs, "Raw" and "SmackDown". On May 17, an Elimination Chamber match for the vacant Intercontinental Championship was scheduled for the event. On the May 18 episode of "Raw", R-Truth, Sheamus, King Barrett, Ryback, Dolph Ziggler, and Rusev were added to the match. On May 31, Rusev was declared unable to compete because of an injury sustained three nights prior on "SmackDown". Rusev was replaced by Mark Henry. At Payback, The New Day defeated Tyson Kidd and Cesaro to retain the Tag Team Championship in a 2-out-of-3 falls Tag team match. Later in

title: Elimination Chamber

text: place on May 31, 2015 exclusively on the WWE Network. The 2018 event featured the first seven-man Elimination Chamber match as well as the first Elimination Chamber match for women with the Raw Women's Championship contested. In July 2010, WWE released "Satan's Prison: The Anthology of the Elimination Chamber", a DVD featuring every Elimination Chamber match as of Elimination Chamber 2010. The European release of the DVD is titled "Iron Will", primarily over the name change of the structure, match type, and pay-per-view in Germany to avoid a brand blunder with the "Elimination Chamber" name, as it may create imagery

title: Elimination Chamber

text: the match to feature participants from the Raw brand roster at the 2002 Survivor Series. The match was exclusive to the Raw brand for the first four matches and at joint-branded pay-per-view events, but upon the creation of the ECW brand in , the match was instead promoted for the newly created brand at the 2006 December to Dismember. Beginning in 2008, the match became exclusive to the No Way Out pay-per-view, and two Elimination Chamber matches were featured annually for two years among the three brands. In 2010, WWE replaced their No Way Out event with the self-titled WWE

title: Elimination Chamber (2010)

text: Elimination Chamber (2010) Elimination Chamber (2010) (also known as No Way Out (2010) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on February 21, 2010 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri. It was the first event in the Elimination Chamber series. Six matches were aired on the broadcast and one dark match occurred prior to the live broadcast. The concept of the event was that the two main event matches, one each for the World Heavyweight Championship and the WWE Championship, would occur in an Elimination Chamber. Each match

title: Elimination Chamber (2014)

text: the WWE Network, which launched the next night and would significantly erode the pay-per-view buyrates. The card consisted of eight matches, including one on the preshow, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by WWE's writers. Storylines between the characters played out on WWE's primary television programs, "Raw" and "SmackDown". The main event was the Elimination Chamber match, where Randy Orton defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship against five wrestlers after retaining it at

title: Elimination Chamber (2012)

text: to score the pinfall and retain her title. Next was the SmackDown Elimination Chamber match between reigning champion Daniel Bryan, Big Show, The Great Khali, Cody Rhodes, Wade Barrett and Santino Marella for the World Heavyweight Championship. Barrett and Big Show were the first two in the ring, attacking one another. Rhodes entered at #3, who worked with Barrett for much of the match, attempting to slow down Big Show. Marella entered at #4, who immediately got attacked by Big Show. Khali entered at #5, who got speared by Show straight away and pinned. Show climbed Bryan's pod, ripping off

title: Elimination Chamber (2011)

text: title. In the fourth match, The Miz faced Jerry Lawler for the WWE Championship. During the match, Lawler performed a Diving Fist Drop on Miz but Miz placed his foot on the bottom rope to void the pinfall. The Miz performed a Skull Crushing Finale on Lawler to retain the title. The main event was an Elimination Chamber match for a WWE Championship match at Wrestlemania XXVII between CM Punk, Randy Orton, King Sheamus, John Morrison, John Cena and R-Truth. Sheamus and Morrison started the match while the other four men were locked inside "pods". Orton entered at #3 and

title: Elimination Chamber (2010)

text: 19 episode of "SmackDown", Kane defeated Dolph Ziggler in a singles match. Following the match, he was attacked by McIntyre, but Kane was able to fight back and fend off the attack. Prior to the live broadcast of the pay-per-view, Christian defeated Ezekiel Jackson in a singles match by pinfall. The first match that aired on the pay-per-view was the Raw Elimination Chamber match for the WWE Championship, which involved Randy Orton, Triple H, Ted DiBiase, Kofi Kingston, John Cena, and defending champion Sheamus. Sheamus and Kingston started the match. Triple H was the first wrestler released, followed by Orton,

title: Elimination Chamber (2018)

title: Elimination Chamber (2017)

text: win the championship. In the main event, the WWE Championship was defended in the Elimination Chamber match. Defending champion John Cena and AJ Styles were the first two contestants. Intercontinental Champion Dean Ambrose entered next, followed by Bray Wyatt and Baron Corbin. As Miz was due to enter the chamber, he remained in his pod. Ambrose rolled-up a distracted Corbin to eliminate him. Corbin attacked Ambrose, threw him through a pod and performed the End of Days on Ambrose before leaving the chamber. Miz then quickly eliminated Ambrose. Cena eliminated Miz after an Attitude Adjustment. Styles and Wyatt attacked Cena

title: Elimination Chamber (2015)

text: Macho Mandow). The Meta Powers attacked The Miz to end the segment. The actual pay-per-view opened with the Elimination Chamber tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship. The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) entered at #1 whilst The Lucha Dragons (Kalisto and Sin Cara) entered at #2. Tyson Kidd and Cesaro entered at #3 and Los Matadores (Primo and Epico) entered at #4, along with their mascot El Torito. Los Matadores were eliminated by The Acension when Diego was pinned by Konnor after the "Fall of Man". The Lucha Dragons were eliminated by The Ascension when Kalisto was pinned

title: Elimination Chamber (2018)

text: over the champions, which was made official on February 23. On February 23, Bálor Club members Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson were scheduled to face The Miztourage (Bo Dallas and Curtis Axel) on the Elimination Chamber pre-show. During the pre-show, Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson of the Bálor Club faced The Miztourage (Bo Dallas and Curtis Axel). In the climax, Gallows and Anderson performed the "Magic Killer" on Axel for the win. The actual pay-per-view opened with the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match in which Alexa Bliss defended the Raw Women's Championship against Bayley, Sonya Deville, Sasha Banks, Mandy Rose,

title: Elimination Chamber

text: Kane would come out to help escort The Wyatt Family out of the Chamber match, but would then interfere costing Daniel Bryan the match to Randy Orton. The Elimination Chamber debuted at WWE's PPV event Survivor Series 2002 on November 17, 2002 at Madison Square Garden. Since the inaugural match, there have been 21 other matches (22 overall) as of Elimination Chamber 2018 on February 25, 2018. The Raw brand has been featured the most with ten matches, ECW has been featured in two matches, including its joint-branded match with SmackDown. The SmackDown brand has been featured in six matches

title: Elimination Chamber (2012)

text: Elimination Chamber (2012) Elimination Chamber (2012) (also known as No Escape (2012) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. The third event under the Elimination Chamber chronology, it took place on February 19, 2012 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Six matches were contested at the event, five of which was broadcast on the pay-per-view. In the main event, John Cena defeated Kane in an Ambulance Match. The event garnered 178,000 pay-per-view buys, down from 199,000 buys the previous year's event received. Elimination Chamber featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing

title: Elimination Chamber (2018)

long_answer: Six matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the first-ever seven-man Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and Asuka defeated Nia Jax to extend her undefeated streak and to keep Jax from being added to her WrestleMania 34 championship match. The event was also notable for Ronda Rousey signing her Raw contract, where she had a confrontation with Chief Operating Officer Triple H and Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon, which was the former's first appearance since the night after Survivor Series.


question: when did the royal mint move to wales

answers: 1968

answers: the 1960s.

answers: 17 December 1968

answers: the 1960s

title: Llantrisant

text: coins, moved from London to Llantrisant in 1967 in order to meet demand when the UK converted to decimal currency. The Royal Mint is now entirely located in Llantrisant after a phased move, and employs over 900 workers on its 38-acre site. In addition to British coins, the Royal Mint produces circulating coins for approximately 60 countries, as well as medals, bullion coins and bars. The Royal Mint has been in existence for around 1,100 years, first in the Tower of London, then Tower Hill, and now in Llantrisant. The Royal Mint also attracts tourists to Llantrisant to The Royal

title: Royal Mint

text: be faced with a heavy workload. Lack of space at the mint and with Decimal Day looming it became apparent that the mint needed to again relocate to a larger site. With a degree of urgency plans were made in April 1967 for a new site to be built outside of London, although over twenty sites were considered the small Welsh town of Llantrisant located north-west of Cardiff was chosen Up until now improvements at the Tower Hill mint had cost £800,000. Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a blank treatment plant and

title: Wales

text: so closed in 1908; since then, although banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland continue to have the right to issue banknotes in their own countries, the Bank of England has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes in Wales. The Commercial Bank of Wales, established in Cardiff by Sir Julian Hodge in 1971, was taken over by the Bank of Scotland in 1988 and absorbed into its parent company in 2002. The Royal Mint, who issue the coinage circulated through the whole of the UK, have been based at a single site in Llantrisant since 1980. Since decimalisation, in 1971,

title: Royal Mint Museum

text: a separate entity now called the Royal Mint Museum. In November 2010 the museum gained charity status. Royal Mint Museum The Royal Mint Museum is a numismatics museum located in Llantrisant, Wales, which houses coins, medals, artwork and minting equipment previous owned by the Royal Mint. Although the museum is located on the same site as the Royal Mint, the mint and the museum are separate companies. In partnership with the mint, a new £9 million visitor centre was built to allow members of the public to view part of the museum's collection. Following the privatisation of the Royal Mint

title: History of the English penny (1603–1707)

text: argument was not with the king but with his "evil advisors". In 1638 a new mint was opened at Aberystwyth castle, Wales, to produce smaller coins (penny to half-crown) from locally produced silver. These are identifiable by having plumes (like the Prince of Wales's feathers on the 1967–2007 era decimal Two decimal pence coin) on the reverse. Following damage to the castle mint in 1648 there was a short-lived mint located at the actual silver mine in Aberystwyth in 1648/9, but no records have survived of what coins were produced there. With the take-over by the English Parliament of the

title: Coins of the pound sterling

text: from coins, except Maundy coins, in 1947. The history of the Royal Mint stretches back to AD 886. For many centuries production was in London, initially at the Tower of London, and then at premises nearby in Tower Hill in what is today known as Royal Mint Court. In the 1970s production was transferred to Llantrisant in South Wales. Historically Scotland and England had separate coinage; the last Scottish coins were struck in 1709 shortly after union with England. Coins were originally hand-hammered — an ancient technique in which two dies are struck together with a blank coin between them.

title: Royal Mint Museum

text: Royal Mint Museum The Royal Mint Museum is a numismatics museum located in Llantrisant, Wales, which houses coins, medals, artwork and minting equipment previous owned by the Royal Mint. Although the museum is located on the same site as the Royal Mint, the mint and the museum are separate companies. In partnership with the mint, a new £9 million visitor centre was built to allow members of the public to view part of the museum's collection. Following the privatisation of the Royal Mint in 2009, whereby it became a limited company, much of the mint's numismatic collection was separated into

title: Royal Mint

text: million. Coin minting and production gradually shifted to the new site over the next seven years until the last coin, a gold sovereign, was struck in London in November 1975. In an attempt to consolidate all previous coin-related acts, the "Coinage Act of 1971" was passed, which among other things effectively abolished the individual role of Master of the Mint. Under this act, the Chancellor of the Exchequer took over the role, with a Deputy Master being appointed by the Treasury to exercise all the powers and duties of the Master within the mint. After moving to Wales, the mint

title: Royal Mint

text: with the English Pound Sterling which caused the Edinburgh mint to eventually close on 4 August 1710. As Britain's empire continued to expand, so to was the need to supply its coinage. This along with the need for new mint machinery and cramped conditions within the Tower of London, led to plans for the mint to move to nearby East Smithfield. Located opposite from the Tower of London on Tower Hill, the new purpose-built mint began construction in 1805 and was completed by 1809. However it was not until 1812 that the move became official, when keys from the old

title: Coins of the pound sterling

text: as the Welsh Dragon), because the Royal Shield does not include a specifically Welsh symbol. Wrexham MP Ian Lucas, who was also campaigning to have the Welsh Dragon included on the Union Flag, called the omission "disappointing", and stated that he would be writing to the Queen to request that the Royal Standard be changed to include Wales. The Royal Mint stated that "the Shield of the Royal Arms is symbolic of the whole of the United Kingdom and as such, represents Wales, Scotland, England and Northern Ireland." Designer Dent stated "I am a Welshman and proud of it, but

title: Prince of Wales's feathers

text: British two pence coins minted between 1971 and 2008, many of which remain in circulation. The badge appears as a provenance mark on those silver coins minted using Welsh mined silver in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During the English Civil War, most coins minted by Charles I at his various provincial wartime mints carry the feathers. The feathers appear on these coins because Charles I had no access to the Royal Mint in London and instead transferred the Aberystwyth Mint (originally established to coin Welsh silver) to Shrewsbury and then Oxford as an emergency measure. All the Civil War

title: Royal Mint

text: around 80–60 B.C. imitated those of Marseille through casting instead of hammering. After the Romans began their invasion of Britain in AD 43, they set up mints across the land, including in London which produced Roman coins for some 40 years before closing. A mint in London reopened briefly in 383 AD until closing swiftly as Roman rule in Britain came to an end. For the next 200 years no coins appear to have been minted in Britain until the emergence of English kingdoms in 650 AD when as many as 30 mints are recorded across Britain with one being

title: Wales

text: at least one of the coins in UK circulation has depicted a Welsh design, e.g. the 1995 and 2000 one Pound coin (above). However, Wales has not been represented on any coin minted from 2008. The M4 motorway running from West London to South Wales links Newport, Cardiff and Swansea. The section of the motorway managed by the Welsh Government is from the Second Severn Crossing to Pont Abraham services. The A55 expressway has a similar role along the north Wales coast, connecting Holyhead and Bangor with Wrexham and Flintshire. It also links to northwest England, principally Chester. The main

title: Banknotes of the pound sterling

text: 1908 upon the closure of the last Welsh bank, the North and South Wales Bank. An attempt was made in 1969 by a Welsh banker to revive Welsh banknotes, but the venture was short-lived and the notes did not enter general circulation, surviving today only as a collectors' curiosity. All Bank of England notes issued since Series C in 1960 depict Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse side, in full view facing left; her image also appears as a hidden watermark, facing right; recent issues have the anti-photocopier security EURion constellation around. In the mid 1960s, shortly after the introduction

title: Welsh Seal

text: Wales in January 2011. The seal is one-sided and represents both the monarch and the Welsh nation; it also features the Royal Badge of Wales. The final design of the seal was decided on 23 June 2011 by the Royal Mint Advisory Committee on the Design of Coins, Medals, Seals and Decorations, with the advice of the College of Arms. The design was made public in December 2011, following a visit by First Minister Carwyn Jones to The Royal Mint where the seal was about to be made. Queen Elizabeth II formally delivered the seal into the custody of the

title: Royal Mint

text: British Isles in Colchester, Chester, Cork, Edinburgh, Dublin, Exeter, Salisbury, parts of Cornwall including Truro, Weymouth, Worcester, York, Carlisle, Newark, Pontefract and Scarborough (see also siege money). After raising the royal standard in Nottingham marking the beginning of the war, Charles called upon loyalist mining engineer Thomas Bushell, the owner of a mint and silver mine in Aberystwyth, to move his operations to the royalist-held Shrewsbury, possibly within in the grounds of Shrewsbury Castle. The mint there was however short-lived, operating for no more than three months before Charles ordered Bushell to relocate the mint to his headquarters in the

title: Royal Mint

text: has remained since. In 2009 after recommendations for the mint to be privatised the Royal Mint ceased being an executive government agency and became a state-owned company wholly owned by HM Treasury. Since then the mint has expanded its business interests by reviving its bullion trade and developing a £9 million visitor centre. The history of coins in Great Britain can be traced back to the second century BC when they were introduced by Celtic tribes from across the English Channel. The first record of coins being minted in Britain is attributed to Kentish tribes such as the Cantii who

title: Coins of the pound sterling

text: The redesign was the result of a competition launched by the Royal Mint in August 2005, which closed on 14 November 2005. The competition was open to the public and received over 4,000 entries. The winning entry was unveiled on 2 April 2008, designed by Matthew Dent. The Royal Mint stated the new designs were "reflecting a twenty-first century Britain". An advisor to the Royal Mint described the new coins as "post-modern" and said that this was something that could not have been done 50 years previously. The redesign was criticised by some for having no specifically Welsh symbol (such

title: Royal Mint

text: resume minting their own supplementary tokens. In 1672 the Royal Mint finally took over the production of copper coinage. Prior to the outbreak of the English Civil War, England signed a treaty in 1630 with Spain which ensured a steady supply of silver bullion to the Tower mint. Additional branch mints to aid the one in London were set up including one at Aberystwyth Castle, in Wales. In 1642 parliament seized control of the Tower mint and after Charles I tried to arrest the Five Members he was forced to flee London, establishing at least 16 emergency mints across the

title: Twenty pounds (British coin)

text: of the Royal Mint visitor centre. In 2017 the welsh dragon twenty pound coin was struck again featuring the Royal Mint visitor centre on the card. This happened again in 2018 with coin placed on another view of the visitor centre. These 2016, 2017 and 2018 Royal Mint Experience editions were only available from the Royal Mint gift shop. Twenty pounds (British coin) The British twenty pound (£20) coin is a commemorative coin, first issued by the Royal Mint in 2013. It is minted in .999 fine silver. Twenty pound coins are legal tender but are intended as souvenirs and

title: Conder token

text: Parys Mine Company. The British mint master did not entertain the offer. By 1786, two-thirds of the coins in circulation in Britain were counterfeit, and the Royal Mint responded by shutting itself down, worsening the situation. Few of the silver coins being passed were genuine. Even the copper coins were melted down and replaced with lightweight fakes. The Royal Mint struck no copper coins for 48 years, from 1773 until 1821. On the rare occasions when the Royal Mint did strike coins, they were relatively crude, with quality control nonexistent. In February 1787 Williams oversaw the minting of the first

title: Mints of Scotland

text: the reign of James IV (1488–1513), the sole mint was located at Edinburgh. After this time, the only other active mint was at Stirling, where bawbees, or halfpennies, were minted under Queen Mary. Minting ceased in Scotland in 1709 when the Edinburgh Mint produced its last batch of coins at the end of the 1707–1710 Scottish recoinage, although it retained its permanent officials (though not other staff) for a further hundred years, until 1814. The mint was finally abolished in 1817 and sold in 1830. The title of 'Governor of the Mint of Scotland', which passed to the Chancellor of

text: Tower mint in 1642, the king set up his permanent headquarters at Oxford and established his main mint there. Most pennies produced there were made from dies from the Aberystwyth mint, so they look very similar to Aberystwyth coins. There is a very rare "Declaration penny" produced in 1644 where the reverse contains the declaration — "The religion of the Protestants the laws of England the liberty of Parliament". The Oxford mint closed in 1646. Bristol was captured by the Royalists in July 1643 and a mint was established there, producing pennies with the plume reverse, but it was closed

title: Royal Mint

text: coins to be removed from circulation so as to help pay for the war effort. The government started to issue £1 and 10 shilling treasury notes as replacement paving the way for Britain leaving the gold standard in 1931. From 1928, the Irish Free State (later Republic of Ireland) issued its own coins. These were produced by the Royal Mint until Ireland established its own Currency Centre in Dublin in 1978. During World War II the Mint played an important role in ensuring that people were paid for their services with hard currency rather than banknotes. Under Operation Bernhard, the

title: Royal Mint

title: Royal Mint

text: as part of a wartime effort. It struck sovereign from 15 Aug 1918 til 22 Apr 1919. before closing in May 1919. A sixth and final overseas mint was established in the Union of South Africa in Pretoria on 1 January 1923, producing £83,114,575 worth of sovereigns of its lifetime. As South Africa began cutting ties with Britain, the mint closed on 30 June 1941 only to be later reopened as the South African Mint. Although just six mints were officially controlled by London's Royal Mint, many more independent mints were set up to facilitate parts of the British Empire.

title: Royal Badge of Wales

text: for £1 coins minted from 1985 until 2000. The badge formerly appeared on the covers of Assembly Measures; since the 2011 referendum, it now appears on the cover of Acts passed by the National Assembly for Wales and its escutcheon, ribbon and motto are depicted on the Welsh Seal. The current badge follows in a long line of heraldic devices representing Wales. Its predecessors have all been variations on either the Red Dragon, an ancient emblem revived by Henry VII, or the arms of Llywelyn. Whereas the arms of England, Scotland and Ireland are represented in the Royal Arms of

title: Coins of the pound sterling

text: I never thought about the fact we did not have a dragon or another representation of Wales on the design because as far as I am concerned Wales is represented on the Royal Arms. This was never an issue for me." The designs were also criticised for not including a portrayal of Britannia, the female personification of Britain whose image has appeared on British coinage continuously since 1672. In response to the concern over the loss of Britannia, the chairman of the Royal Mint Advisory Committee stated "There are 806 million Britannias in circulation at the moment [on the old

title: Royal Mint Court

text: 2016 planning permission was granted for the grade II-listed building to be refurbished and the site redeveloped. The site of "Royal Mint Court" comprises three buildings, two of which are original 19th century creations for the Royal Mint. The third building is an interconnecting office complex built in the late 1980s after the mint relocated to Wales. In addition to the buildings, two listed structure are also within the site's forecourt; a 19th-century entrance lodge built by Robert Smirke and a set of cast iron lamps on stone white plinths. Designed in 1805 by James Johnson, the building was constructed

title: Llantrisant

text: which manufactures all British coins. The Royal Mint transferred to Llantrisant in 1967 and its attractions include the Mint's museum. The Mint employs around 900 people. Since 2013 a number of new independent retailers have successfully found a home in Llantrisant Town. In addition to the Bullring Stores, traditional toy shop, galleries and restaurants, Llantrisant now boasts a florist, local butcher, tailor and specialist patchwork and quilting shop. From March 2015 a new gallery and tea room is planned on the site of the old town library. The history of education in Llantrisant is firmly based in the varied religious

title: Royal Mint

long_answer: Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a blank treatment plant and plant for striking. This first phase of the mint was officially opened on 17 December 1968 by the royal attendance of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and their son Prince Charles. Originally there were fears that the Royal family would face protests because of the Investiture of Prince Charles as the Prince of Wales; however, such protests failed to materialise. The second phase of construction began in 1973 and included the addition of a means to mint coins from virgin metals completing the full minting process. Upon completion the final cost for the land, buildings and plant came to £8 million. Coin minting and production gradually shifted to the new site over the next seven years until the last coin, a gold sovereign, was struck in London in November 1975. In an attempt to consolidate all previous coin-related acts, the Coinage Act of 1971 was passed, which among other things effectively abolished the individual role of Master of the Mint. Under this act, the Chancellor of the Exchequer took over the role, with a Deputy Master being appointed by the Treasury to exercise all the powers and duties of the Master within the mint.


question: when did marathon change its name to snickers

answers: 19 July 1990

title: Snickers

text: bar was marketed under the name "Marathon" in the UK and Ireland until 1990, when Mars decided to align the UK product with the global Snickers name (Mars had marketed and discontinued an unrelated bar named Marathon in the United States during the 1970s). There are also several other Snickers products such as Snickers mini, dark chocolate, ice cream bars, Snickers with almonds, Snickers with hazelnuts, Snickers peanut butter bars, Snickers protein and Snickers with Extra Caramel, as well as espresso, fiery, and sweet & salty versions. A replacement for the king size Snickers bar was launched in the UK

title: Curly Wurly

text: In 1976 this was changed to look more similar to the US version. In the UK, the Marathon was a chocolate covered peanut bar in a brown packet with blue lettering, also manufactured by Mars Inc. It was eventually renamed Snickers. Curly Wurly Curly Wurly is a brand of chocolate bar currently manufactured by Cadbury UK and sold in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Malta, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Romania, Malaysia, U.A.E and the United Kingdom. It was launched in the UK in 1970. Its shape resembles two flattened, intertwined serpentine strings. The bar is made of chocolate-coated

title: Snickers

text: Snickers Snickers is a brand name chocolate bar made by the American company Mars, Incorporated, consisting of nougat topped with caramel and peanuts that has been enrobed in milk chocolate. The annual global sales of Snickers was $2 billion . In the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold under the brand name Marathon until 1990. Snickers-brand Marathon energy bars have since been sold in some markets. In 1930, Mars introduced Snickers, named after the favorite horse of the Mars family. The Snickers chocolate bar consists of nougat, peanuts, and caramel with a chocolate coating. The

title: Snickers

text: was homophobic. These adverts usually ended with Mr. T saying "Snickers: Get Some Nuts!" In NASCAR racing, Snickers (and the rest of the Mars affiliated brands) sponsor Kyle Busch's #18 Toyota for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that the brand served as a primary sponsor for Ricky Rudd's #88 Robert Yates Racing Ford as well as an associate sponsor for the team's #38 car driven first by Elliott Sadler and then by David Gilliland, and an associate sponsor for the MB2 Motorsports #36 Pontiac driven by Derrike Cope, Ernie Irvan, Ken Schrader, and others. In 1990, Bobby Hillin drove for

title: Marathon Media

text: Marathon Media Marathon Media (now known as Zodiak Kids Studios) is a worldwide French television production company based in Neuilly-sur-Seine that produces scripted live-action and cartoon shows for children. The most popular shows that the production company is known for is Martin Mystery & Totally Spies!. The company was co-founded by Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel. The shows are dubbed into French, Japanese, English, Thai, German, Dutch, Malay, Arabic, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, Serbian and other languages dubbed and shown around the world. Marathon Media Group was acquired by Zodiak Entertainment in 2008 and renamed Marathon Media. In February 2016

title: Snickers

text: and chips shops in Scotland in 1995, and in the early 2000s, became popular at American state fairs. In 2012, the British Food Commission highlighted celebrity chef Antony Worrall Thompson's "Snickers pie", which contained five Snickers bars among other ingredients, suggesting it was one of the unhealthiest desserts ever; one slice providing "over from sugar and fat alone", more than half a day's requirement for an average adult. The pie had featured on his BBC Saturday programme some two years earlier and the chef described it as an occasional treat only. In 1980, Snickers (and Marathon) ran ads which featured

title: Snickers

text: in 2004, and designed to conform to the September 2004 Food and Drink Federation (FDF) "Manifesto for Food and Health". Part of the FDF manifesto was seven pledges of action to encourage the food and drink industry to be more health conscious. Reducing portion size, clearer food labels, and reduction of the levels of fat, sugar, and salt were among the FDF pledges. Mars Incorporated pledged to phase out their king-size bars in 2005 and replace them with shareable bars. A Mars spokesman said: "Our king-size bars that come in one portion will be changed so they are shareable or

title: TheSpeedGamers

text: reviews, but over time, the idea evolved into forming a marathon group. Finally, they decided that if they ran marathons, then they should do it for a worthy cause. They adopted a Speedrun mentality and ran their first marathon, with a Zelda theme. Since then, the group has continued on for over nine years, hosting multiple marathons and still going strong . On January 24, 2014, TheSpeedGamers re-branded themselves as TSG.TV with an ongoing overhaul of their website, forums, and other features. To mark the re-branding, the group did an unannounced 24-hour marathon of Sonic and Mario games, raising money

title: Snickers

text: markets. Beginning in 1995, Snickers ran ads which featured someone making a self-inflicted mistake, with the voice-over saying "Not going anywhere for a while? Grab a Snickers!" The tag line at the end of each ad proclaimed, "Hungry? Why Wait?" One such ad had a player for a fictional American football team showing off his new tattoo of the team's logo on his back to his teammates. He then shows it to his head coach who, after complimenting the tattoo, immediately tells him that he's been traded to Miami. The player then goes to have his old team's logo replaced

title: Snickers

text: Stavola Brothers Racing in the #8 Snickers Buick, marking the candy's first appearance as a sponsor; it had since been driven by Rick Wilson and Dick Trickle. Snickers was the Official Sponsor of the FIFA World Cup from 1990 until 1998 editions and the UEFA European Championship from 1996 until 2000. In 2010, a new advertising campaign was launched, usually based around people turning into different people (usually celebrities) as a result of hunger (taking the new campaign's name "You're Not You When You're Hungry" quite literally). The tagline varied depending on the commercial's location or what variety the commercial

title: Snickers

text: with the new team's logo. Some of the ads were done in conjunction with the National Football League, with whom Snickers had a sponsorship deal at the time. One ad featured a member of the grounds crew at Arrowhead Stadium painting the field for an upcoming Kansas City Chiefs game in hot, late-summer weather. After finishing one of the end zones, and visibly exhausted, one of the Chiefs players walks up to him and says the field looks great, "but who are the Chefs?", showing that despite all the hard work the painter accidentally omitted the "i" in Chiefs. Another

title: Checker Marathon

text: Marathon remained virtually unchanged during its 21-year production run. However, Checker did comply with all safety and emissions requirements while in production. Some of these changes help in identifying the year of a Checker, and included: The final Marathon was manufactured in 1982, when Checker exited the automobile manufacturing business. The company continued operations for an additional 27 years producing body stampings for General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler, until January 2009, when it entered bankruptcy liquidation as a result of the downturn in the USA auto industry. Notably, the Marathon's front suspension A-frames interchange with a 1956 Ford. The engines

title: Vancouver Marathon

text: Marathon"" after runners were misdirected during its running — adding an extra 561 yards to the race. Currently, several different options are available for participants: Its current title sponsor is the BMO Bank of Montreal thus the marathon is known as BMO Vancouver Marathon. Previous title sponsor was Adidas in 2001-2005, known as the Adidas Vancouver International Marathon. The event is hosted by the Vancouver International Marathon Society (VIMS), a non-profit organization run by a volunteer Board of Directors, and managed by staff of the Society. Each year, VIMS recruit volunteers to help with pre-race preparations and race day operation.

title: Snickerdoodle

text: cookies," a company statement explains, "we believe the apps should be simple, classic and delicious." A small single board computer called Snickerdoodle was introduced by krtkl inc. in October 2015. Snickerdoodle A snickerdoodle is a type of cookie made with butter or oil, sugar, and flour, and rolled in cinnamon sugar. Eggs may also sometimes be used as an ingredient, with cream of tartar and baking soda added to leaven the dough. Snickerdoodles are characterized by a cracked surface and can be crisp or soft depending on the ingredients used. Snickerdoodles are often referred to as "sugar cookies". However, traditional

title: SNICK

text: a couple gallons of blue cheese, being painted with peanut butter and licked by dogs, hanging upside down and being dipped in dog food, having buckets of worms dumped on the cast member's head, drinking a gallon of sweat, sitting in a giant bowl of chili, dressing up as a girl and competing in a beauty pageant, eating 1000 toe nails, Put an entire Scorpion in your mouth, get pecked by Hungry Chickens or shaving their school principal's legs. During this era of SNICK, the SNICK line-ups went through some major transitions that included the phasing out of "The Nick

title: Karrimor

text: March 2004, its assets were bought out for £5 million by Lonsdale Sports, part of the Sports Direct group of companies, who broke up the company, sold the outlets (both YHA and Karrimor's own), retaining mainly the rights to the brand name, which was licensed to such events as the long-standing Karrimor International Mountain Marathon (which later became the Original Mountain Marathon), and the company's intellectual property. Following completion of the transaction, customer service activities such as lifetime warranties and repair services on previously sold goods were cancelled or outsourced. Manufacturing in the UK largely ended. Some of Karrimor's previous

title: Marathon Artists

text: Marathon Artists Marathon Artists is a London-based independent record label founded by Paul-René Albertini, Philippe Ascoli and Jimmy Mikaoui in 2012. The label also runs its own publishing and management divisions. Artists on the label include Courtney Barnett, Pond, Hazel English, Childhood, Max Jury, Sonia Stein, Jamie Isaac, Tiny Ruins, Baaba Maal, Shock Machine, Afro B, Alaskalaska and Jen Cloher. Marathon Artists is also home to imprint labels House Anxiety, MOVES and Mahogany Records. House Anxiety launched in 2008, with releases from King Krule to Forth Wanderers, Childhood to The Big Pink. As of 2018, the label both developed future

title: Marathon Media

text: are the documentaries produced by Marathon Production: Marathon Media Marathon Media (now known as Zodiak Kids Studios) is a worldwide French television production company based in Neuilly-sur-Seine that produces scripted live-action and cartoon shows for children. The most popular shows that the production company is known for is Martin Mystery & Totally Spies!. The company was co-founded by Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel. The shows are dubbed into French, Japanese, English, Thai, German, Dutch, Malay, Arabic, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, Serbian and other languages dubbed and shown around the world. Marathon Media Group was acquired by Zodiak Entertainment in 2008

title: Nick at Nite

text: to further augment that series' ratings. Programming marathons were an innovation that began with Nick at Nite in 1985, eventually leading to the phenomenon of "binge-watching". Working together at college radio station WKCR-FM while attending New York City's prestigious Columbia University, Fred/Alan, Inc. founders Alan Goodman and Fred Seibert saw the ratings success of radio marathons featuring music from Ludwig van Beethoven, John Coltrane and Charles Mingus. As the Nick at Nite "oldies" format was adapted from radio, they suggested the multi-hour (sometimes multi-day) marathon might also work with television programming. The marathon format proved successful and became a ratings

title: SNICK

text: Cannon Show" and "Cousin Skeeter" and the addition of a new show, "Romeo!" September 2002–February 2003: February–June 2004: During SNICK's "summer vacation", graphic design company "Beehive" created brand new bumpers for Saturdays on Nick, featuring orange SPLATs morphing into a show's character. Instead of saying "SNICK", the announcer said "Friday Night Nickelodeon". TEENick Saturday Night replaced SNICK and Saturday Night Nick for the 2004-2005 television season and onward until the TEENick name was dropped in February 2009, to later be used (with its spelling changed to TeenNick) as the name for the rebranded The N cable channel. June–August 2004 TeenNick

title: Marathon, Queensland

text: Marathon, Queensland Marathon is a town within the locality of Stamford in the Flinders Shire, Queensland, Australia that failed to develop. The undeveloped town of Marathon lies between the Flinders Highway and the Marathon railway station on the Great Northern railway line from Townsville to Mount Isa. Although the town did not develop, the Flinders Highway deviates to bypass it. The name Marathon drives from the pastoral run name first used by the lessees in 1863, at the suggestion of William Lempriere Frederick Sheaffe, the Commissioner of Crown Lands Kennedy District, using Greek historical name. The town of Marathon first

title: Tastykake

text: brand name, as well as several private-label items. In May 2007, Tasty Baking announced it would move its headquarters and main bakery to the Philadelphia Naval Business Center in South Philadelphia. The new bakery is located on South 26th Street, with the headquarters on Crescent Drive. The move was completed in May 2010. The Tasty Baking Company went public on the NYSE in 1961 under the ticker symbol TBC. On October 21, 2005, the company transitioned to the NASDAQ National Market and changed their ticker symbol to TSTY. The company's ticker symbol was ceased from trading at the close of

title: Marathon Enterprises, Inc.

text: Marathon Enterprises, Inc. Marathon Enterprises, Inc. is a major regional supplier of meats and gourmet delicatessen products to the food service industry in the New York City metropolitan area. Headquartered in Englewood, New Jersey, it is a private corporation, and sells its products under the "Sabrett" brand name. Samuel Ogus (1891-1970), who emigrated from Latvia in 1909, started the wholesale bakery, the Star Baking Company, later to become Sabrett Food Products, in 1928 with a partner, Fritz Frankel. Mr. Ogus was what they used to call the "inside" man - running the factory and even designing much of the equipment,

title: Snickers

text: has sponsored superstars such as Enzo Amore and Big Cass with their signature term, SAWFT, which is labelled at the back of the chocolate bar. Since 2011, Snickers has been the official sponsor of Six Flags' annual Fright Fest event at its theme parks. Snickers Snickers is a brand name chocolate bar made by the American company Mars, Incorporated, consisting of nougat topped with caramel and peanuts that has been enrobed in milk chocolate. The annual global sales of Snickers was $2 billion . In the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold under the brand

title: Snickers

text: In the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold under the brand name Marathon until 19 July 1990.  Snickers brand Marathon energy bars have since been sold in some markets.

title: Snickerdoodle

text: in origin, and that the name is a corruption of the German word , a Palatine variety of "schnecken". It is also possible that the name is simply a nonsense word with no particular meaning, originating from a New England tradition of whimsical cookie names. The snickerdoodle is a very common cookie in Canada and the United States, but is relatively unknown in other countries. In more recent times, the Snickerdoodle cookie has transformed into a popular flavor of desserts, sweets, drinks, etc. Big brands have taken the simple dessert and turned them into their own original products. For example,

title: Speedway LLC

text: Speedway started as Speedway 79, the name of a gasoline chain based in Michigan for much of the first half of the 20th century. In 1959, Marathon, then known as the Ohio Oil Company, purchased the chain and promptly converted its outlets to the Marathon brand. As self-service gasoline became legalized in many states, Marathon decided to use "Speedway" (without the "79") at higher-volume self-service stations with convenience stores. The concept turned out to be one of the few bright spots for Marathon during this time, and the company quickly expanded this concept across Marathon's main territories across the Midwest

title: Marathon Enterprises, Inc.

text: was run by the son-in-law (Mac) and the grandsons-in-law, (Eric and Boyd) of the two original founders. Hans Mueller, a German immigrant, was a sausage maker at Sabrett from 1956-1994, and the 'working foreman' from the mid-1970s until 1994. When Sabrett was sold to Gregory Papalexsis of Marathon Industries in 1989, only Boyd Adelman remained in management. Marathon bought rights to retain the Sabrett name which is synonymous with hotdogs in New York City. Gregory Papalexis, of Greek descent, was the owner and president of the company. After he graduated from New York University in 1948, Papalexis and a partner

title: Snickers

text: version, except that men doing extreme sports turning into the Mexican singer Anahí as a result of hunger. In 2013, the late Robin Williams and Bobcat Goldthwait also appeared in a Snickers football commercial. In March 2014, a commercial featuring Godzilla was released to promote the 2014 Godzilla film. In the commercial, Godzilla is shown hanging out with humans on the beach, riding dirt bikes, and water skiing; he only begins rampaging once he's hungry. After being fed a Snickers bar, he resumes having fun with the humans. In February 2015, Snickers' Super Bowl XLIX commercial featured a parody of

title: SNICK

text: in orange-colored cassette tapes. SNICK SNICK (full for Saturday Night Nickelodeon) was a two-hour programming block on the American cable television network Nickelodeon, geared toward older (preteen to teen) audiences, that ran from August 15, 1992 until August 28, 2004. It was aired on Saturdays starting at 8 p.m and ending at 10 p.m. ET. In 2004, SNICK was revamped as the Saturday night edition of TEENick. Nickelodeon continues to run a Saturday night programming block today, though since the TEENick name was removed from the lineup in February 2009, the block no longer goes by any name. The block

title: Snickers