question: when does closure of the ductus arteriosus occur

answers: at birth

answers: birth

title: Fossa ovalis (heart)

text: ovale) shut, therefore closing the foramen ovale as well. In normal development, the closed foramen ovale fuses with the interatrial wall. During the first breath, vasoconstriction causes the ductus arterious to close, and during adult years, tissue occludes what once was the ductus arterious, creating the ligamentum arteriosum. Aneurysms can occur in adulthood if the foramen ovale is not closed correctly. An aneurysm happens when an artery becomes enlarged in a localized area due to weakening of the arterial wall. When this type of aneurysm occurs in the area of the fossa ovalis, an enlarged pouch is formed. This pouch

title: Aortic arch

text: bypass the pulmonary vessels as they develop. The final section of the aortic arch is known as the "isthmus of aorta". This is so called because it is a narrowing (isthmus) of the aorta as a result of decreased blood flow when in foetal life. As the left ventricle of the heart increases in size throughout life, the narrowing eventually dilates to become a normal size. If this does not occur, this can result in coarctation of the aorta. The ductus arteriosus connects to the final section of the arch in foetal life and the ligamentum arteriosum when the ductus

title: Ductus arteriosus

text: defect with impaired lung perfusion (e.g. Pulmonary stenosis and left-to-right shunt through the ductus), it may be advisable to improve oxygenation by maintaining the ductus open with prostaglandin treatment. However, such treatments are ineffective in an abnormal ductus. Persistence of the ductus may be associated with other abnormalities, and is much more common in females. By inhibiting PGE formation, EP4 receptor activation will decrease and normal circulation can begin. NSAIDs taken late in pregnancy can cross the placenta and lead to premature closure of the DA in the fetus. In this case, exogenous PDE can be administered to reverse the

title: Patent ductus arteriosus

text: from left-to-right shunt (acyanotic heart) to right-to-left shunt (cyanotic heart), called Eisenmenger's syndrome. Pulmonary hypertension is a potential long-term outcome, which may require a heart and/or lung transplant. Another complication of PDA is intraventricular hemorrhage. Robert E. Gross, MD performed the first successful ligation of a "patent ductus arteriosus" on an seven-year-old girl at Children's Hospital Boston in 1938. Since PDA is usually identified in infants, it is less common in adults, but it can have serious consequences, and is usually corrected surgically upon diagnosis. Patent ductus arteriosus Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails

title: Lungfish

text: air, the spiral valve of the conus arteriosus closes (minimizing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood), the third and fourth gill arches open, the second and fifth gill arches close (minimizing the possible loss of the oxygen obtained in the lungs through the gills), the sixth arteriole's ductus arteriosus is closed, and the pulmonary arteries open. Importantly, during air breathing, the sixth gill is still used in respiration; deoxygenated blood loses some of its carbon dioxide as it passes though the gill before reaching the lung. This is because carbon dioxide is more soluble in water. Air flow through

title: Interrupted aortic arch

text: to increased blood flow from the left side of the heart (oxygenated blood) to the right side (deoxygenated blood), inducing heart failure; pulmonary edema; and eventual closing of the ductus arteriosus. For an infant with an interrupted aortic arch, a patent (open) ductus arteriosus allows for blood to bypass the "interruption," without which blood will be unable to reach the lower half of the body. As a result, the kidneys fail and the blood becomes acidic, resulting in death. With modern surgical techniques, 81% of children with an interrupted aortic arch survive to be 15 years-old. The fate of survivors

title: Patent ductus arteriosus

text: than normal and often interferes with feeding in infancy. This condition, as a constellation of findings, is called congestive heart failure. In some congenital heart defects (such as in transposition of the great vessels) a PDA may need to remain open, as it is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix with deoxygenated blood. In these cases, prostaglandins are used to keep the DA open and NSAIDs should not be administered, until surgical correction of the heart defect is completed. Common symptoms include: Patients typically present in good health, with normal respirations and heart rate. If the PDA is

title: Lungfish

text: is configured similarly to the common fish. The spiral valve of the conus arteriosus is open, the bypass arterioles of the third and fourth gill arches (which do not actually have gills) are shut, the second, fifth and sixth gill arch arterioles are open, the ductus arteriosus branching off the sixth arteriole is open, and the pulmonary arteries are closed. As the water passes through the gills, the lungfish uses a buccal pump. Flow through the mouth and gills is unidirectional. Blood flow through the secondary lamellae is countercurrent to the water, maintaining a more constant concentration gradient. When breathing

title: Conjunctiva

text: each other. Paired arterioles are generally smaller than corresponding venules. The average bulbar conjunctival vessel has been reported to be 15.1 microns, which reflects the high number of small capillaries, which are typically <10 nano meters in diameter. The bulbar conjunctival microvasculature is in close proximity to ambient air, thus oxygen diffusion from ambient air strongly influences their blood oxygen saturation. It has been shown that because of oxygen diffusion, hypoxic bulbar conjunctival vessels will rapidly re-oxygenate (in under 10 seconds) when exposed to ambient air (i.e. when the eyelid is open). Closing the eyelid stops this oxygen diffusion by

title: Bradykinin

text: may result in angioedema, a medical emergency. People of African descent have up to 5x increased risk of ACE inhibitor induced angioedema due to hereditary predisposing risk factors such as hereditary angioedema. This refractory cough is a common cause for stopping ACE inhibitor therapy, in which case angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) are the next line of treatment. Overactivation of bradykinin is thought to play a role in a rare disease called hereditary angioedema, formerly known as hereditary angio-neurotic edema. Initial secretion of bradykinin post-natally causes constriction and eventual atrophy of the ductus arteriosus, forming the ligamentum arteriosum between the

title: Fish anatomy

text: atrium is called the sino-atrial valve, which closes during ventricular contraction. Between the atrium and ventricle is an ostial valve called the atrio-ventricular valve, and between the bulbus arteriosus and ventricle is an ostial valve called the bulbo-ventricular valve. The conus arteriosus has a variable number of semilunar valves. The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the dorsal aorta, into the rest of the body. (In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary artery). The circulatory systems of all

title: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction

text: has been proposed as helping to open the duct, though this is not always successful. The aim of massage is to generate enough hydrostatic pressure (downward, toward the nose) to "pop" open any obstruction. Additional massage may then be performed up toward the lacrimal punctum, in order to express any infectious material out of the nasolacrimal sac. When discharge or crusting is present, the lids should be gently cleaned using cooled pre-boiled water or saline. Referral to an ophthalmologist is indicated if symptoms are still present at 12 months, or sooner if significant symptoms or recurrent infections occur. Nasolacrimal duct

title: Polistes annularis

text: reservoir, but no filaments extend from the gland or sac as they do in the ants. The sac is closest to mandible’s medial portion. A duct exits the sac. The duct opening is encircled by a sphincter muscle controlling the gland’s secretions. The duct is opened by sclerotized bars in conjunction with the hypopharynx. When the hypopharynx moves, pressure forms on the opening of the duct via the bars. When the bars dissipate this pressure, the duct closes. The nest pedicel, which is the stalk by which the entire nest hangs from the horizontal face of the overhang, is made

title: Ductus venosus

text: Ductus venosus In the fetus, the ductus venosus (Arantius' duct after Julius Caesar Aranzi) shunts a portion of the left umbilical vein blood flow directly to the inferior vena cava. Thus, it allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver. Compared to the 50% shunting of umbilical blood through the ductus venosus found in animal experiments, the degree of shunting in the human fetus under physiological conditions is considerably less, 30% at 20 weeks, which decreases to 18% at 32 weeks, suggesting a higher priority of the fetal liver than previously realized. In conjunction with the other fetal

title: Nasolacrimal duct

text: watery eyes from an allergy, and why one can sometimes taste eye drops. For the same reason when applying some eye drops it is often advised to close the nasolacrimal duct by pressing it with a finger to prevent the medicine from escaping the eye and having unwanted side effects elsewhere in the body. Like the lacrimal sac, the duct is lined by stratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells, and is surrounded by connective tissue. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct may occur. This leads to the excess overflow of tears called "epiphora". A congenital obstruction can cause cystic expansion

title: Fossa ovalis (heart)

text: can protrude into the right atrium or the left atrium. The cause of this aneurysm is the result of abnormal, increased pressure within the heart. Even if the foramen ovale does seal shut, an aneurysm may occur, usually on the side of the right atrium. If the aneurysm stretches too far, it can narrow the opening of the inferior vena cava. This type of aneurysm can be a result of plaque build-up in the arteries from coronary heart disease, as well as diseases of the aortic valve or mitral valve. Surgery may be useful in helping to cope with the

title: Patent ductus arteriosus

text: PDA in preterm infants. A recent network meta-analysis that compared indomethacin, paracetamol and ibuprofen at different doses and administration schemes among them found that a high dose of oral ibuprofen may offer the highest likelihood of closure in preterm infants. More recently, PDAs can be closed by percutaneous interventional method (avoiding open heart surgery). A platinum coil can be deployed via a catheter through the femoral vein or femoral artery, which induces thrombosis (coil embolization). Alternatively, a PDA occluder device, composed of nitinol mesh, is deployed from the pulmonary artery through the PDA. If left untreated, the disease may progress

title: Truncus arteriosus

text: conus cordis) gives rise to the aorta and pulmonary trunk with the truncus arteriosus. This makes its appearance in three portions. Failure of the truncus arteriosus to close results in the condition known as persistent truncus arteriosus, a rare congenital heart defect. This is often just referred to as "truncus arteriosus". Other pathologies of the truncus arteriosus include transposition of the great vessels (arteries in this case), and tetralogy of Fallot. Truncus arteriosus The truncus arteriosus is a structure that is present during embryonic development. It is an arterial trunk that originates from both ventricles of the heart that later

title: Fossa ovalis (heart)

text: aneurysm. If the atrial septum does not close properly, it leads to a patent foramen ovale (PFO). This type of defect generally works like a flap valve, opening during certain conditions of increased pressure in the chest, such as during strain while having a bowel movement, cough, or sneeze. With enough pressure, blood may travel from the right atrium to the left. If there is a clot in the right side of the heart, it can cross the PFO, enter the left atrium, and travel out of the heart and to the brain, causing a stroke. If the clot travels

title: Mitral valve

text: severe form known as caseous calcification of the mitral valve that can be mistaken for intracardiac mass or thrombus. The closing of the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve constitutes the first heart sound (S1), which can be heard with a stethoscope. It is not the valve closure itself which produces the sound but the sudden cessation of blood flow, when the mitral and tricuspid valves close.. Abnormalities associated with the mitral valve can often be heard when listening with a stethoscope. The mitral valve is often also investigated using an ultrasound scan, which can reveal the size and flow

title: Azotemia

text: Flow (RPF) is decreased due to hypoperfusion which results in a proportional decrease in GFR. In turn, the decreased flow and pressure to the kidney will be sensed by baroreceptors in the Juxtaglomerular (JG) Cells of the afferent arteriole. If the decrease in blood pressure is systemic (rather than occlusion of the renal artery) baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch will be stimulated. This leads to sympathetic nerve activation, resulting in renin secretion through β 1 -receptors. Constriction of the afferent arterioles causes a decrease in the intraglomerular pressure, reducing GFR proportionally. Renin is the main effector of

title: Lutembacher's syndrome

text: will usually cause the blood flow from the right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium. If mitral stenosis (the hardening of flap of tissue known as a valve which opens and closes between the left atrium and ventricle to control blood flow) is also present, blood will flow into the right atrium through the hole between the atria wall instead of flowing into the left ventricle and systemic circulation. Eventually this leads to other problems such as the right ventricle failing and a reduced blood flow to the left ventricle. In

title: Crista dividens

text: inferior edge of the interatrial septum and faces the opening of the IVC. As blood enters the heart from the IVC, it hits the crista dividens and is divided into two streams, with one stream entering the right atrium and the other entering the left atrium. The ductus venosus joins the terminal portion of the IVC, just before the right atrium. Before the ductus venosus joins the IVC, it is positioned in such a way that the oxygenated blood flowing into the IVC from the ductus venosus preferentially passes on the side of the crista dividens that directs the blood

title: Epiphora (medicine)

text: due to aging (a spontaneous process), conjunctivochalasis, infection (i.e. dacryocystitis), rhinitis, and in neonates or infants, failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open. Another cause could be poor reconstruction of the nasolacrimal duct system after trauma to the area. Cause of trauma could be facial fractures (including nasoethmoid fractures or maxillary Le Fort fractures), and soft tissue trauma involving the nose and/or the eyelid. This condition is often frustrating or irritating. A systematic review studying the usage of punctal plugs for treatment of dry eye reported a few cases of epiphora among participants. Diagnosis of epiphora is clinical by history

title: Fetal aortic stenosis

text: Fetal aortic stenosis impairs left ventricular development, which can lead to hypoplastic left heart syndrome. If untreated, HLHS is lethal, as a result of the inability of the left heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal organ function. In fetal life, this is condition is manageable because the ductus arteriosus acts as a bypass, and supports the delivery of oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation. However, the ductus arteriosus closes during the first few days of life, resulting in systemic circulation failure in babies born with aortic valve stenosis. Fetal aortic valve stenosis can be diagnosed by echocardiography before

title: Duct (anatomy)

text: Duct (anatomy) In anatomy and physiology, a duct is a circumscribed channel leading from an exocrine gland or organ. Examples include: As ducts travel from the acinus which generates the fluid to the target, the ducts become larger and the epithelium becomes thicker. The parts of the system are classified as follows: Some sources consider "lobar" ducts to be the same as "interlobar ducts", while others consider lobar ducts to be larger and more distal from the acinus. For sources that make the distinction, the interlobar ducts are more likely to classified with simple columnar epithelium (or pseudostratified epithelium), reserving

title: Atrioventricular canal

text: may be divided into "partial" or "complete" forms. In the partial form, openings between the left and right atria and improper formation of the mitral valve exist. In the complete form, there is free movement in all chambers because there is a large hole where the atria and ventricles meet, and instead of there being two valves there is one common valve. Surgery is usually conducted in-between the 3rd and 6th month of life, and with this condition the earlier the better. Usually, intracardiac repair involves closing the holes in the septum and the creation of two new atrioventricular valves

title: Efferent arteriole

text: the capillary plexus surrounding the tubules of the outer zone of the medulla. Blood in this plexus and returning from the inner medulla finds its way to the renal vein and the general circulation by pathways similar to those providing drainage for the rest of the cortex. When angiotensin II levels are increased due to activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, most of the arteries in the body experience vasoconstriction, in order to maintain adequate blood pressure. However, this reduces blood flow to the kidneys. To compensate, the efferent arterioles constrict to a greater degree than the other arteries, in response

title: Critical closing pressure

text: combined with activity in the sympathetic autonomic nerves supplying smooth muscle, leads to vasoconstriction to the extent that the vessels may collapse. This occurs at the critical closing pressure, closing off blood supply to tissues, which can lead to toxic shock. Critical closing pressure Critical closing pressure is the internal pressure at which a blood vessel collapses and closes completely. If blood pressure falls below critical closing pressure, then the vessels collapse. This happens during the measurement of blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer. At resting state the arterial critical closing pressure is ~ 20 mmHg. Critical closing pressure in arteries

title: Ductus arteriosus

text: In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs. Upon closure at birth, it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.  There are two other fetal shunts, the ductus venosus and the foramen ovale.

title: Ductus arteriosus

short_answers:
at birth
birth


question: who is the lead singer of depeche mode

answers: David Gahan

title: Andy Fletcher (musician)

text: Andy Fletcher (musician) Andrew John Leonard "Andy" Fletcher (born 8 July 1961), popularly known as "Fletch", is an English keyboard player and one of the founding members of the electronic band Depeche Mode. In the late 1970s, Fletcher and schoolmate Vince Clarke formed the short-lived band No Romance in China, in which Fletcher played bass guitar. In 1980, Fletcher met Martin Gore at the Van Gogh Pub on Paycocke Road in Basildon. With Clarke, the trio, now all on synthesizer, formed another group called Composition of Sound. Clarke served as chief songwriter and also provided lead vocals until singer Dave

title: Depeche Mode

text: Depeche Mode Depeche Mode (, or ) are an English electronic band formed in Basildon, Essex, in 1980, when Dave Gahan joined an existing duo consisting of Vince Clarke and Andy Fletcher. The group currently consists of Dave Gahan (lead vocals and co-songwriting), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar and chief songwriting), and Andy Fletcher (keyboards). Depeche Mode released their debut album "Speak & Spell" in 1981, bringing the band onto the British new wave scene. Clarke left after the release of the album; they recorded "A Broken Frame" as a trio. Gore took over as primary songwriter and, later in 1982,

title: Depeche Mode discography

text: Depeche Mode discography The discography of English electronic music group Depeche Mode consists of 14 studio albums, six live albums, ten compilation albums, eight box sets, 13 video albums, 55 singles and 70 music videos. The band's music has been released on several labels, including Some Bizzare, Mute Records, Sire Records, Reprise Records, and Columbia Records. Formed in Basildon, Essex, England in 1980, the group's original line-up was Dave Gahan (lead vocals), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar, vocals, chief songwriter after 1981), Andy Fletcher (keyboards) and Vince Clarke (keyboards, chief songwriter 1980–81). Vince Clarke left the band after the release of

title: Dave Gahan

text: Dave Gahan Dave Gahan (; born David Callcott; 9 May 1962) is an English singer-songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the electronic band Depeche Mode since their debut in 1980. He is also a successful solo artist, releasing albums in 2003 ("Paper Monsters") and 2007 ("Hourglass"). Although his bandmate Martin Gore continues to be the main Depeche Mode songwriter, Gahan has also contributed a number of songs to the band's most recent albums; "Playing the Angel" (2005), "Sounds of the Universe" (2009), "Delta Machine" (2013) and "Spirit" (2017). Four of these songs were released as singles, including "Suffer

title: Depeche Mode discography

text: omitted from the following list. Depeche Mode discography The discography of English electronic music group Depeche Mode consists of 14 studio albums, six live albums, ten compilation albums, eight box sets, 13 video albums, 55 singles and 70 music videos. The band's music has been released on several labels, including Some Bizzare, Mute Records, Sire Records, Reprise Records, and Columbia Records. Formed in Basildon, Essex, England in 1980, the group's original line-up was Dave Gahan (lead vocals), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar, vocals, chief songwriter after 1981), Andy Fletcher (keyboards) and Vince Clarke (keyboards, chief songwriter 1980–81). Vince Clarke left the

title: Depeche Mode

text: 2003 was Gore's second solo album "Counterfeit²". Fletcher founded his own record label, Toast Hawaii, specialising in promoting electronic music. A new remix compilation album, "Remixes 81–04", was released in 2004, featuring new and unreleased promo mixes of the band's singles from 1981 to 2004. A new version of "Enjoy the Silence," remixed by Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park, "Enjoy the Silence 04," was released as a single and reached No. 7 on the UK charts. In October 2005, the band released their 11th studio album "Playing the Angel". Produced by Ben Hillier, the album peaked at No. 1 in

title: Depeche Mode discography

text: their 1981 debut album "Speak & Spell" and was replaced by Alan Wilder (production, keyboards, drums), who was a band member from 1982 to 1995. Following Wilder's departure, Gahan, Gore, and Fletcher continued as a trio. Since their debut in 1981, Depeche Mode have had 54 songs in the UK Singles Chart, as well as one US, and two UK number one albums ("Songs of Faith and Devotion" and "Ultra"). Also they had 7 number one albums in the German Album Charts from 1993-2017. According to their record company, Depeche Mode have sold in excess of 100 million records worldwide.

title: Martin Gore

text: to become a singer/songwriter himself. Gore has two younger half-sisters, Karen, born in 1967, and Jacqueline, born in 1968. In 1980, Gore met Andy "Fletch" Fletcher at the Van Gogh club. Fletcher recruited Gore into his band Composition of Sound along with Vince Clarke. Soon the band drafted Dave Gahan to be the lead singer after hearing him sing "Heroes" by David Bowie. Gahan is credited with the name "Depeche Mode" after seeing the phrase as a title of a French fashion magazine, which later considered taking them to court, but thought it would be good publicity for the magazine

title: Dave Gahan

text: of Sound, with Clarke on vocals and guitar, Gore on keyboards and Fletcher on bass. Clarke and Fletcher soon switched to synthesizers. The same year, Gahan joined the band after Clarke heard him perform David Bowie's "Heroes." The band was soon renamed "Depeche Mode", a name suggested by Gahan after he had come across a fashion magazine called "Dépêche-mode". A new wave/synthpop pioneer of the early 1980s, Depeche Mode have explored new musical directions for over 30 years, and their sound has remained diverse since their inception. They have released 14 studio albums, four greatest hits compilations and two remix

title: Alan Wilder

text: Alan Wilder Alan Charles Wilder (born 1 June 1959) is an English musician, composer, arranger and record producer, and a former member of the electronic band Depeche Mode from 1982 to 1995. Since his departure from the band, the musical project called Recoil became his primary musical enterprise, which initially started as a side project to Depeche Mode in 1986. Wilder has also provided production and remixing services to the bands Nitzer Ebb and Curve. He is a classically trained musician. Alan Charles Wilder was born into a middle class family and was raised in Acton, West London. He began

title: Daryl Bamonte

text: Daryl Bamonte Daryl Bamonte is known for working for Depeche Mode and The Cure. He is the owner of Bamonte Artist Management, the Managing Director of Schubert Music Publishing UK and keyboardist in Permafrost. He started off, according to the commentary of Depeche Mode 101, setting up and taking down equipment for the band, in their early days. He stayed with them, after they gained success, as the road manager. He is also credited in the film's commentary, as the 5th member of Depeche Mode. He's seen in many parts of the film, including one in which, he sings "I

title: Depeche Mode

text: live gig at the Bridge House in Canning Town, the band were approached by Daniel Miller, an electronic musician and founder of Mute Records, who was interested in their recording a single for his burgeoning label. The result of this verbal contract was their first single, "Dreaming of Me", recorded in December 1980 and released in February 1981. It reached number 57 in the UK charts. Encouraged by this, the band recorded their second single, "New Life", which climbed to number 11 in the UK charts and got them an appearance on "Top of the Pops". The band went to

title: Vince Clarke

text: Human League, Daniel Miller, and Fad Gadget. In the late-1970s, Clarke and schoolmate Andy Fletcher formed a short-lived band called No Romance in China. In 1980, he teamed up with Robert Marlow and Martin Gore to form French Look. Another band, named Composition of Sound, followed in 1980 with another addition of Martin Gore and Andy Fletcher. Clarke provided vocals until singer Dave Gahan joined the band, which was renamed Depeche Mode. At that time, he adopted the stage-name Vince Clarke, by which he is currently known. The band initially adopted a slick synthesized electropop sound, which produced the album

title: Andy Fletcher (musician)

text: a DJ. Currently, when he is on hiatus from Depeche Mode, Fletcher plays occasional festivals and club gigs in Europe, Asia, South America and "places where Depeche Mode haven't visited or been able to visit" and is known to include various exclusive Depeche remixes in his sets. A notable DJ set of Fletcher's from 2011 in Warsaw has been widely bootlegged. In late 2015, Fletcher embarked on a small tour of European clubs. Fletcher is the eldest of four siblings born to Joy and (the late) John Fletcher. The family moved to Basildon from Nottingham when Fletcher was two years

title: Mute Records

text: as Animal Lover and The Voice of Midnight. Mute released the single "Dirty Sticky Floors" in May 2003, from Depeche Mode singer Dave Gahan's debut solo album, "Paper Monsters". Gahan debuted as a songwriter on the album, written and recorded along with Gahan's friend, Knox Chandler. Mute released another Depeche Mode solo project that year, "Counterfeit²" by Martin Gore, a collection of cover songs recorded at Gore's home studio. The eleven tracks on the album included songs that were recorded originally by Iggy Pop, John Lennon, and Brian Eno. Goldfrapp released their fifth album, "Head First", in March 2010. Recorded

title: Depeche Mode

text: to 1977, when schoolmates Vince Clarke and Andy Fletcher formed a Cure-influenced band called No Romance In China, with Clarke on vocals and guitar and Fletcher on bass guitar. Fletcher would later recall, "Why am I in the band? It was accidental right from the beginning. I was actually forced to be in the band. I played the guitar and I had a bass; it was a question of them roping me in." In 1979, Clarke played guitar in an "Ultravox rip-off band", The Plan, with friends Robert Marlow and Paul Langwith. In 1978–79, Martin Gore played guitar in an

title: Martin Gore

text: composing music and writing lyrics for the majority of Depeche Mode's songs, Gore has also been the lead singer on some of them (examples include "Somebody", "A Question of Lust", "Home", and "One Caress"). He has been a backing singer on many others. In 1999, Gore received the Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors for "International Achievement". Martin Lee Gore was born in Dagenham, Essex in England. Gore's biological father was a Black-American G.I. stationed in Britain. Gore was raised by his stepfather and biological mother. He believed his stepfather was his biological father

title: Alan Wilder

text: has one other child named Clara Lake from a present relationship with Britt Rinde Hval, a Norwegian journalist. Wilder appeared on all of Depeche Mode's releases from "Get the Balance Right" (31 January 1983) up to "In Your Room" (10 January 1994), later taking part in reissues and compilations containing material from his time in the band. Alan organized with Omega an auction selling a lot of DM collectable items on 3 September 2011 in Manchester. A DVD called "Collected +" was released as promotion for these events. Alan Wilder Alan Charles Wilder (born 1 June 1959) is an English

title: Depeche Mode

text: metal. Depeche Mode were considered a teen pop band during their early period in the UK, and interviewed in teen pop magazines such as "Smash Hits". Following the departure of Vince Clarke, their music began to take on a darker tone, establishing a darker sound in the band's music, as Martin Gore assumed lead songwriting duties. Gore's lyrics included themes such as sex, religion, and politics. Gore has stated he feels lyrical themes which tackle issues related to solitude and loneliness are a better representation of reality, whereas he finds "happy songs" fake and unrealistic. At the same time, he

title: Alan Wilder

text: Wilder announced his departure from Depeche Mode: After his split from Depeche Mode, Wilder was approached by Robert Smith with an offer to join The Cure. Wilder respectfully declined. According to Wilder himself, the possibility was offered on behalf of The Cure by Daryl Bamonte (tour manager for both Depeche Mode and The Cure, and brother of The Cure member Perry Bamonte), and he declined as joining another band was the last thing on his mind. He briefly reunited with Depeche Mode during the Teenage Cancer Trust concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 17 February 2010, and

title: Depeche Mode

text: the sound of that." However, the magazine's name (and hence the band's) is "Fashion News" or "Fashion Update" ("dépêche", "dispatch," from Old French "despesche/despeche" or "news report," and "mode" or "fashion"). Gore recalled that the first time the band played as Depeche Mode was a school gig in May 1980. There is a plaque commemorating the gig at the James Hornsby School in Basildon, where Gore and Fletcher were pupils. The band made their recording debut in 1980 on the "Some Bizzare Album" with the song "Photographic", later re-recorded for their debut album "Speak & Spell". The band made a

title: Robert Marlow

text: Robert Marlow Robert Marlow (born Robert Allen, 21 October 1961) is a synthpop musician and songwriter. Robert Marlow grew up in Basildon with future Depeche Mode members Vince Clarke, Martin Gore and Andy Fletcher. He is also tied to Alison Moyet, with whom he played in a band, The Vandals. He knew Andy and Vince from the Basildon chapter of the Boys' Brigade. He and Vince would occasionally get together to play music. Vince on guitar, and Robert on the church's piano. Like Vince, he played in many local bands, and ended up playing in a band, with Vince, called

title: Depeche Mode videography

text: "Best Long Form Music Video" at the 37th Grammy Awards in 1995. <br> Depeche Mode videography This is a comprehensive listing of official video releases by Depeche Mode, a British electronic music group. Depeche Mode have released fifty-seven music videos (not including remixed and edited versions), twelve music VHS/DVDs, and six DVD singles on Mute Records, Sire Records and Reprise Records. Most of the group's early music videos were directed by Clive Richardson and Peter Care. Following the time with Richardson and Care, Depeche Mode developed a working relationship with award-winning director and photographer Anton Corbijn, who has directed the

title: Depeche Mode

text: leg, the band played a show at London's Royal Albert Hall in aid of the Teenage Cancer Trust, where former member Alan Wilder joined Martin Gore on stage for a performance of "Somebody". In total the band played to more than 2.7 million people across 32 countries and the tour was one of the most profitable in America in 2009. The concerts held at Palau Sant Jordi, Barcelona, Spain were filmed and later released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc release entitled "". In March 2010, Depeche Mode won the award for "Best International Group – Rock / Pop" at the

title: Remixes 81–04

text: by a second remix album, "", released on 3 June 2011. All songs written by Martin L. Gore except "Shout!", "Just Can't Get Enough" and "Photographic" by Vince Clarke, and "Route 66" by Bobby Troup. Remixes 81–04 Remixes 81–04 is an album by English electronic music band Depeche Mode, released on 25 October 2004. It was the band's first release since Daniel Miller's independent label Mute Records was acquired by industry major EMI in 2002. It features well-known remixes from the band's back catalog as well as previously unavailable mixes. There are three versions of "Remixes 81–04". The main version

title: Depeche Mode

text: resulted in Wilder's departure in 1995. Depeche Mode have had 54 songs in the UK Singles Chart and seventeen top 10 albums in the UK chart; they have sold more than 100 million records worldwide. "Q" included the band in the list of the "50 Bands That Changed the World!". Depeche Mode also rank number 98 on VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". In December 2016, "Billboard" named Depeche Mode the 10th most successful dance club artist of all time. They were nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2018. Depeche Mode's origins date

title: Andy Fletcher (musician)

text: Gahan was recruited into the band later that year, after which they adopted the name Depeche Mode at Gahan's suggestion. Clarke left the group in late 1981, shortly after the release of their debut album "Speak & Spell". Their 1982 follow-up album, "A Broken Frame", was recorded as a trio, with Gore taking over primary songwriting duties. Musician & producer Alan Wilder joined the band in late 1982 and the group continued as a quartet until Wilder's departure in 1995. Since then, the core trio of Gahan, Gore and Fletcher have remained active, most recently with the release of their

title: The Singles 81→85

text: Watson featured on the cover was displayed at the National Portrait Gallery in London. All tracks written by Martin L. Gore, except where noted. All tracks produced by Daniel Miller and Depeche Mode, except where noted. The Singles 81→85 The Singles 81→85 is a greatest hits album by English electronic music band Depeche Mode. It was released on 14 October 1985 by Mute Records. The compilation was not originally released in North America, being replaced by its counterpart "Catching Up with Depeche Mode". This was the first release to feature a picture of the band on the cover (other than

title: Andy Fletcher (musician)

text: old. He was active in the local Boys' Brigade from an early age, primarily to play football. It was in this Christian youth organisation that he met future Depeche Mode member Vince Clarke, and the two have both recollected in interviews the local missionary work they attempted on behalf of the organisation to convert non-believers. Fletcher married his longtime girlfriend Gráinne Mullan on 16 January 1991 and the couple have two children, Meghan and Joe. While Depeche Mode were touring with the band Blancmange in the early 1980s, Fletcher was renowned for his skill at chess. Neil Arthur of Blancmange

title: Dave Gahan

text: David Gahan (/ɡɑːn/; born David Callcott; 9 May 1962) is an English singer-songwriter, best known as the baritone lead singer of the electronic band Depeche Mode since their debut in 1980.  He is also a successful solo artist, releasing albums in 2003 (Paper Monsters) and 2007 (Hourglass).

title: Dave Gahan


question: what is the process to become a santero

answers: a cleansing ritual

answers: making Ochá (Saint)

title: Afro-Puerto Ricans

text: their followers, are known as "Orishas." According to Santería, the Orishas are the ones who choose the person each will watch over. Unlike other religions where a worshiper is closely identified with a sect (such as Christianity), the worshiper is not always a "Santero". Santeros are the priests and the only official practitioners. (These "Santeros" are not to be confused with the Puerto Rico's craftsmen who carve and create religious statues from wood, which are also called Santeros). A person becomes a Santero if he passes certain tests and has been chosen by the Orishas. As of the 2010 Census,

title: Santería

text: process of purification and divination whereby the initiated becomes like a newborn baby and begins a new life of deeper growth within the faith. Once the initiation is completed, depending on the individuals "house", there is a year-long waiting period, known as "iyaboraje", in which the newly appointed Priest and Priestess can not perform cleansings and other remedies. It is a time where the "Iyawo" or Bride of the "Orichá" must follow a strict regimen of wearing all white and must avoid physical contact with those who have not been initiated. Once the "" has been completed there will be

title: Patakí

text: to say how many patakís exist in an oral tradition that spans centuries. Some Santeros/as are also familiar with the patakís, but it is not a requirement for Santeros/as to memorize the stories in order to practice the religion. Where the patakí fits into this system is unique, because they are taught in Ilés and depending on the Ilé the same patakí might have slight variation. Newly initiated Babaaláwos are taught patakís and other secrets of the religion by Padrinos and for their first years study quite intensely. Aside from libretas, which are private religious notebooks used for passing down

title: Santería

text: herbs and divination, the Santería traditional healing is achieved through rituals that include animal sacrifice, offerings, altar building, music, dance, and possession trance. When the patient is a child, the "Santero" uses the curative system known as "santiguo", which means "to heal by blessing". Perceiving health problems, most "Santeros" recommend that the client seeks a medical doctor. Parallel to the medical treatment, the patient might be prescribed some herbal teas, cleansing baths, or a special diet from the traditional healing practice. Sometimes, a "Santero" might advise a client to receive "omiero", whose efficacy is widely disputed by many in the

title: Santería

text: represent Osún. This ritual begins a formal and lifelong relationship that the initiate will have with these Orichás, as the orichás devote their energies to protecting and providing for the initiate on their path. The last ritual of the initiation process is known as "Asiento" (ascending the throne), and is the most important and the most secretive ritual in Santería, as it is the ceremony where the "iyawo" (bride of the oricha) becomes "born again" into the faith. This ritual is a culmination of the previous rituals, and cannot be made unless the others have been completed. Asiento is a

title: Santería

text: for solutions/suggestions to certain difficulties. Divination establishes an interpretative frame for the situation a person finds himself in. Hence, the "Santeros" offer cowrie-shell divination or other appropriate traditional practices. Rituals, or the reading of patakís may be done to clarify a problem, of which sometimes the person consulting may not even be aware. Passed orally from many generations, "patakí" are parables used by diviners to guide or give insights or moral lessons to a person who came for consultation. The "patakí" recited by the "Santero" corresponds to the number that the cowrie shell divination brings. Aside from the use of

title: Santería

text: but also an interface with suffering and bad luck in life, believed to be brought on by the activity of bad spirits. Prevalent in Caribbean cultures, "" is a part of the Latin American traditional healing practice. Du Tout reveals that Santería has a "strong element of spiritism." McNeill also concurs that some "Santeros" have the power to communicate with spirits asking for guidance to improve the situation of a person consulting. However, in general, the "Santeros" of the "Regla de Ocha" primarily turn to religion as their practice to address personal challenges and identify means to improve a situation.

title: Santería

text: an end of year ceremony, which will enable the Priest or Priestess to consult clients, perform cleansings, provide remedies and perform initiations. And according to Gonzalez: "they are also regarded as royalty in the religion, as they are considered representatives of the "Orichás" and are vested with the power to work with the forces of those "Orichás" in full." With Santería rituals there are musical ceremonies and prayers that are referred to as "bembé", "", or "tambor". It is a celebration dedicated to an "Orichá", where the "batá" drums (set of three drums known as the "iya" (the largest drum),

title: Santería

text: from being herbalist, Santería traditional healing practice has a spiritual aspect. Santería has a holistic approach, acknowledging the connection with heart, mind, and body. In Santería, the world flows with the primal life energy called "aché" or growth, the force toward completeness and divinity. Aché is the current that Santería initiates channel so that it empowers them to fulfill their path in life, because aché is connected to all that has life or exhibits power; aché comprises blood, grace, and power. When a person is sick, the healer thinks, interprets and reacts, considering the illness not just a physical dysfunction

title: Virginia Romero

text: one of only a few non-Hispanic artists to master traditional New Mexican santero techniques. Romero's vocation as a santera was the result of personal crisis. Following her mother's death on 28 December 1998 at age of eighty-two, the artist began to make devotional retablos, eventually learning how to paint with natural pigments on pine panels with recipes for paints, gesso, and piñon varnish that master santero Charlie Carrillo wrote out for her on small pieces of paper, which Romero still has. Romero's studies of the Crucified Christ are examples of contemporary expressions of a traditional genre of New Mexican folk

title: Puerto Ricans

text: be eligible, applicants must have been born in Puerto Rico; born outside of Puerto Rico to a Puerto Rican-born parent; or be an American citizen with at least one year residence in Puerto Rico. The citizenship is internationally recognized by Spain, which considers Puerto Rico to be an Ibero-American nation. Therefore, Puerto Rican citizens have the ability to apply for Spanish citizenship after only two years residency in Spain (instead of the standard 10 years). Since 1953, the UN has been considering the political status of Puerto Rico and how to assist it in achieving "independence" or "decolonization". In 1978,

title: Santería

text: but not limited to Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Panama, and Colombia. There is also a large population who practice it in the United States. In 2001, there were an estimated 22,000 practitioners in the US alone, but the number may be higher as some practitioners may be reluctant to disclose their religion on a government census or to an academic researcher. Of those living in the United States, some are fully committed priests and priestesses, others are godchildren or members of a particular house-tradition, and many are non-committal clients seeking help with their everyday problems. A similar

title: Santería

text: and have his/her head washed by the "olo orichá". The "elekes" serves as the sacred banners for the "Orishás" and act as a sign of the "<nowiki>Orichá'</nowiki>s" presence and protection; however, it must never be worn during a woman's menstruation period, nor during sex, nor when bathing. The second important ritual is known as "", the creation of an image of the orichá Eleguá. The individual will go through a consultation with a Santero, where all the recipients' life, past, present, and future, will be reviewed. During the consultation, the Santero determines which path of Eleguá the recipient will receive.

title: James S. Wall

text: of the arts, has renovated a chapel which serves as part of the spiritual formation of local seminarians as they prepare to pastor churches in the future. The chapel has been renovated with sacred art from local artisans who work in styles native to New Mexico. The style of art in the chapel, called "santero," is a folk art based on Spanish colonial art. Artists in the style make their own pigments, and pray while they are creating their work. Arlene Sena, who produced the paintings found in the sanctuary, explains that prayer is "the key to this tradition." Sena

title: Santera Tequila

text: Santera Tequila Santera Tequila is a brand of tequila 100% blue weber agave tequila produced and bottled in Jalisco, Mexico. The agave for Santera Tequila is grown in the red volcanic soil of the dormant Volcán de Tequila. It is created by master distiller Sebastian Melendrez. The tequila is made with highland agave containing 21 degrees brix (sugar content), the pinas are roasted for up to 54 hours in hornos (brick ovens). After distillation, Santera Tequila undergoes a proprietary filtration process for each interpretation. The Blanco is unaged, the Reposado is aged for seven months and the Añejo for sixteen

title: Santería

text: medical community. An "omiero" is claimed by believers to be a sacred mixture that is made for specific Santería ceremonies and to embody the "orichá" ruler of herbs, Osaín. Most clients who see "Santeros" would never be told to drink it. Santería traditional healing is just one of the many traditional healing practices used in Caribbean and Latin American cultures. Traditional healing practices are practiced side by side with mainstream medical practices through the Cuban healthcare system. Traditional healers recognize but do not compete with Western medicine. Santería is a religion found in Latin America. It is mainly practiced in

title: Martinez Familia Sangeros

text: the ones responsible for killing, robbing, collecting, driving, and making small sales on the streets. They operated the boats and made shipments to other countries and parts of the island. They had to find ways to make money for the Family and could become a made man in the Puerto Rican mafia. Soldiers could be of any nationality, but ultimately only full blooded Puerto Ricans could be made men. Being a made man did not always mean they were becoming a casta. It could simply mean they were officially a Sangero, a member of the family with certain rights and

title: Santería

text: Then, based on his findings, he chooses materials that will be used to construct the image of the Eleguá, a sculpture that is used to keep evil spirits away from the initiator's home. This ritual is only prepared by men as the orichás take some of the Santero's "manly" spirit in the process. The third ritual, known as "receiving the warriors", is a ritual where the initiated receives objects from their padrino that represents the warriors; Iron tools to represent Ogún; an iron bow and arrow to represent Ochosi; and an iron or silver chalice surmounted by a rooster to

title: Santería

text: healing, they will undergo the "" (blessing of the head), in which coconut water and cotton are applied on the head to feed it. Once cleansed, there are four major initiation rituals that the initiator will have to undergo: obtaining the "elekes" (beaded necklace), receiving "Los Guerreros" (the Warriors), making "Ocha" (Saint), and "Asiento" (ascending the throne). The first ritual is known as the acquisition of the beaded necklaces (known as "ilekes"); according to De La Torre, "the colors and patterns of the beads on the ilekes will be those of the orichá that serves as the iyawo's (bride) ruling

title: Santería

text: interchangeably among practitioners.) Spanish colonial planters who saw the enslaved African people celebrating on saints' days did not know that they were actually performing rituals related to "Orichás", and assumed that they were showing more interest in Catholic saints than in the Christian God—hence the origin of the term Santería. The historical veiling of the relationship between Catholic saints and Orichás is compounded by the fact that the vast majority of "santeros" in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic, are also Roman Catholics, have been baptized, and often require initiates to be baptized in Roman Catholicism as well. The

title: Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico

text: Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico Santurce is one of the districts (or barrios) of San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States. It is also the biggest and most populated of all the districts in the capital. With a total population of 94,067, Santurce has a bigger population than most municipalities of Puerto Rico. As a result, it is also one of the most densely populated areas of the island (17,955.7 persons per square mile). Santurce is one of the top ten most-populated areas of the island. It includes the neighborhoods of Miramar, Loíza, Isla Grande, Barrio Obrero, and Condado, which are

title: Santería

text: "itoltele", and "okonkolo") are played in the "<nowiki>Orichá'</nowiki>"s honor. Through these sacred drums, messages of worshippers reach the "orichás" and the "orichás" respond to their devotees. These drums are used only by men and must always be treated with respect; for example, dancers must never turn their backs towards the drums while dancing, as it is considered disrespectful. Priests are commonly known as "Santeros" or "Olorichas". Once those priests have initiated other priests, they become known as "babalorichás", "fathers of "orichá"" (for men), and as "iyalorichás", "mothers of "orichá"" (for women). Priests can commonly be referred to as "Santeros" (male)

title: Puerto Rican citizenship

text: Organic Law 4/2000 (enacted January 11, 2000 and amended by Royal Decree on April 20, 2011) which covers the awarding of the Spanish citizenship to foreigners, those that possess the document are considered Ibero-American nationals. On June 25, 2007, the General Directory of Registry and Notary Affairs of the Ministry of Justice the passed RDGRN 25-06-2007, which recognized Puerto Rico as an Ibero-American country as far as the Spanish Civil Code is concerned. To further confirm this stance, the Ministry of Justice has included Puerto Rico in their list of Ibero-American countries eligible to acquire the Spanish citizenship with priority,

title: Mexican mask-folk art

text: dance to make the appropriate masks. Most mask makers have other occupations such as baker, wax worker, factory worker or carpenter. A number of mask makers are also makers of religious images called “santeros.” These craftsmen tend to make masks with fine features and finishes that imitate human skin. Production is aimed almost exclusively to dancers, although they are also made for collectors, and more fantastic ones for the tourist market, especially in Guerrero. It can be difficult to distinguish these masks from more “authentic” ones for dances. In a few communities, there is enough demand to have full-time mask

title: Santería

text: Santería Santería, also known as Regla de Ocha, La Regla de Ifá, or Lucumí, is an Afro-American religion of Caribbean origin that developed in the Spanish Empire among West African descendants. "Santería" is a Spanish word that means the "worship of saints". Santería is influenced by and syncretized with Roman Catholicism. Its sacred language is the Lucumí language, a variety of Yoruba. Santería is a system of beliefs that merges aspects of Yoruba religion brought to the New World by enslaved Yoruba people along with Christianity and the religions of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. The Yoruba people carried

title: Penitentes (New Mexico)

text: and conviction are chosen to undergo the initiation. New candidates express their desire for novitiate status by application to the Hermano Mayor, the secretary, or some other official of the ' of intention. After a thorough investigation of the petitioner's life and motives, he receives elaborate instruction in the Brotherhood's regulations and rituals. If he passes an examination on this material, he is allowed to present himself, together with a sponsor, at the ' door for the actual rite of initiation. Aspirants might apply for admission to the Brotherhood after mature thought, as a matter of course, or as the

title: Engineer's degree

text: Carrera" (Degree Project), which involves a combination of application development and some research work. Students submit a dissertation that they have to defend. The Spanish official name for the degree is "Ingeniero" (Engineer) or other degree called "Ingeniero Técnico" (Technical Engineer), which is a three to four years degree (involving also a Final Degree Project) and is equivalent to a Bachelor of Engineering, the Technical Engineer in Spain has full competencies and legal authority in their field. A distinctive characteristic of Spanish engineering degrees is that the average duration of studies up to graduation is about 40 percent above the

title: Afro-Puerto Ricans

text: practices altogether. Santería is a syncretic religion created between the diverse images drawn from the Catholic Church and the representational deities of the African Yoruba ethnic group of Nigeria. Santería is widely practiced in the town of Loíza. Sister traditions emerged in their own particular ways on many of the smaller islands. Similarly, throughout Europe, early Christianity absorbed influences from differing practices among the peoples, which varied considerably according to region, language and ethnicity. Santería has many deities said to be the "top" or "head" God. These deities, which are said to have descended from heaven to help and console

title: Balanta people

text: has become a landowner and taken on family responsibilities, he can then be chosen by his maternal uncle to participate in the Fanado initiation. Once chosen for the Fanado, a Balanta man cannot refuse the family’s wishes. The Fanado initiation ceremony takes place once every four years. The Fanado is a two-month process in the “sacred woods” which is the ultimate phase of initiation rites and social hierarchy. Initiation during the Fanado ritual opens the doors of maturity and wisdom in the Balanta community. Depicted on the back of the 50-peso note (No. 1) is a man in the costume

title: Santería

title: Santería

long_answer: To become a Santero or Santera (Priest or Priestess of Santería), the initiator must go through an intensive week-long initiation process in which the teaching of the ritual skills and moral behavior occurs informally and nonverbally. To begin with, the initiator goes through what is called a cleansing ritual. The initiator's Padrino (godfather) cleanses the head with special herbs and water. The Padrino rubs the herbs and water in a specific pattern of movements into the scalp of the head. However, if a person is entering Santería for the need of healing, they will undergo the rogación de la cabeza (blessing of the head), in which coconut water and cotton are applied on the head to feed it. Once cleansed, there are four major initiation rituals that the initiator will have to undergo: obtaining the elekes (beaded necklace), receiving Los Guerreros (the Warriors), making Ochá (Saint), and Asiento (ascending the throne).

short_answers:
a cleansing ritual
making Ochá (Saint)


question: how many countries participated for the first time in the 2014 olympic winter games in sochi

answers: Brazil

answers: Uzbekistan

answers: Turkey

title: 2014 Winter Olympics medal table

text: 2014 Winter Olympics medal table The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event held in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February. A total of 2,873 athletes from 88 nations participated in 98 events in 7 sports across 15 different disciplines. Initially, host nation Russia matched the Soviet Union's 1976 achievement of thirteen gold medals, but 4 gold medals (13 overall) were stripped later due to doping. Norway achieved the leading position in the medal table on 24 November 2017, when Russia was stripped of two gold medals in bobsleigh. However,

title: 2014 Winter Olympics medal table

text: 2018 Games. 3 Russian athletes are still waiting for their hearing which will be conducted after the 2018 Games. General Specific 2014 Winter Olympics medal table The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event held in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February. A total of 2,873 athletes from 88 nations participated in 98 events in 7 sports across 15 different disciplines. Initially, host nation Russia matched the Soviet Union's 1976 achievement of thirteen gold medals, but 4 gold medals (13 overall) were stripped later due to doping. Norway achieved the

title: South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics South Korea competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team consisted of 71 athletes and 49 officials. This marks an increase of 25 athletes from four years prior. Originally 64 athletes were named to the team but reallocations brought the final team size to 71 athletes. South Korea left Sochi with a total of 8 medals (3 gold, 3 silver, and 2 bronze), its lowest total at the Winter Olympics since 2002; female athletes won seven of these medals. With Pyeongchang being the host

text: United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics The United States competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from February 7 to 23, 2014. Team USA consisted of 230 athletes competing in all 15 sports. After winning an Olympic record 37 medals at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the United States had a somewhat disappointing performance during these games. Although the delegation ranked second in overall medals with 28, it ranked out of the top three in gold medals (with a total of nine) for the first time since Nagano in 1998 when it placed 6th in overall

title: Norway at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Norway at the 2014 Winter Olympics Norway competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. The 2014 Games marked the first time a Norwegian Olympic team competed in Russia, as Norway and 64 western countries took part at the American-led boycott in the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow due to the Soviet war in Afghanistan. According to the quota allocation released on 24 January 2014, Norway qualified a total quota of ten athletes in alpine skiing. Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships, Norway qualified 6 men

title: Finland at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Finland at the 2014 Winter Olympics Finland competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The Finnish team consisted of 103 competitors who participated in alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing, freestyle skiing, ice hockey, ski jumping, snowboarding and speed skating. The Finnish Olympic Committee launched its Sochi 2014 coaching program in June 2010, distributing financial support in winter sports to member federations and top level athletes directly. In August 2013, "Helsingin Sanomat" quoted the President of the Board of the Finnish Olympic Committee Risto Nieminen, that it is forbidding its athletes the rainbow-patterned

title: Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics Russia competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, from 7 to 23 February 2014 as the host nation. As host, Russia participated in all 15 sports, with a team consisting of 232 athletes. It is Russia's largest Winter Olympics team to date. In preparation for the Games Russian Olympic Committee naturalized a Korean-born short-track speed-skater Ahn Hyun-soo and an American-born snowboarder Vic Wild. They won a total of 5 golds and 1 bronze in Sochi. Russia's medal count in 2014, 33 (before doping disqualifications), was its highest ever in the Winter Olympics, improving

title: Finland at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: received a reservation merely for the final days of the games. Finland at the 2014 Winter Olympics Finland competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The Finnish team consisted of 103 competitors who participated in alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing, freestyle skiing, ice hockey, ski jumping, snowboarding and speed skating. The Finnish Olympic Committee launched its Sochi 2014 coaching program in June 2010, distributing financial support in winter sports to member federations and top level athletes directly. In August 2013, "Helsingin Sanomat" quoted the President of the Board of the Finnish Olympic

title: Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics Canada competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from February 7 to 23, 2014. Canadians competed in every discipline except Nordic combined. The 2014 Games marked the first time a Canadian Olympic team competed in Russia, as Canada and 64 western countries did not take part at the American-led boycott in the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow due to the Soviet war in Afghanistan. The youngest athlete in Canada's delegation was figure skater Gabrielle Daleman, who turned 16 in January, while curler Jennifer Jones was the oldest athlete at 39. Canada

title: Lithuania at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Lithuania at the 2014 Winter Olympics Lithuania competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team consists of nine athletes competing in five sports. The nine athletes mark the most athletes the country has ever qualified for a Winter Olympics. On 19 December 2013 in Brussels, Belgium Lithuanian president Dalia Grybauskaitė stated that she won't go to the Games due to Russia’s politics and said "Amid the current situation where I see human rights violations, as well as an attitude towards and treatment of Eastern Partners, including Lithuania, and the economic sanctions

title: Poland at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Poland at the 2014 Winter Olympics Poland competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. The Polish team consisted of 59 athletes in 11 sports, which was the largest ever Polish team, surpassing the 56 athletes that competed in 1972. With 4 gold medals won (and 6 medals overall), this was the most successful Winter Olympics for Poland in its history. According to the quota allocation released on 20 January 2014, Poland qualified six athletes. Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships, Poland qualified 5 men and 5

text: nations participated (the numbers of athletes are shown in parentheses). Chinese Taipei made its debut in the sport. Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics Speed skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Adler Arena, Sochi, Russia, between 8 and 22 February 2014. The following is the competition schedule for all twelve events. With the exception of the Team pursuit events, all rounds of each event were concluded within a single session. Netherlands dominated in speed skating, winning a total of 23 medals including eight out of the twelve gold medals and medals in all events. There

text: Independent Olympic Participants at the 2014 Winter Olympics Three athletes represented India at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. They initially entered the competition as Independent Olympic Participants, competing under the Olympic flag, as the Indian Olympic Association had been suspended by the IOC since 2012. However, on 11 February 2014 the IOC reinstated the India's NOC after they held an election, allowing the two athletes that still had competitions planned to compete under the Indian flag rather than as independent athletes. India still has yet to win its first Winter Olympic medal.

title: Austria at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Austria at the 2014 Winter Olympics Austria competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team was composed of 132 athletes in 14 sports, consisting of 90 men and 42 women. The 132 athletes is 27 more than the country's previous largest Winter Olympics team. Originally Benjamin Raich was scheduled to carry the flag at the opening ceremony, however he withdrew after he decided to skip the combined competition, thus delaying his arrival in Sochi. Nordic combined athlete Mario Stecher was named his replacement. The Austrian Olympic Committee received a Russian letter

text: from 54 nations participated, with number of athletes in parentheses. Chile made its Olympic debut in the sport. Dominica, qualified for the Winter Olympics for the first time, and its two athletes competed in cross-country skiing. India's athlete was planned to compete as an Independent Olympic Participants, as the Indian Olympic Association was suspended by the International Olympic Committee, but the suspension had since been lifted. Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex near Krasnaya Polyana, Russia. The twelve events took place between 8–23

title: Switzerland at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Switzerland at the 2014 Winter Olympics Switzerland competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. 163 athletes were participating, making it the largest team Switzerland has ever sent to the Olympic Winter Games. The four-time Olympic gold medalist Simon Ammann was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony. The Swiss Olympic selection committee named the following 21 athletes to the Winter Olympic team. Both Silvan Zurbriggen and Nadja Kamer were selected to the team but did not compete in any race. Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships,

title: 1998 Winter Olympics medal table

text: medal, while Bulgaria and the Czech Republic won their first Winter Games gold medals. Azerbaijan, Kenya, Macedonia, Uruguay, and Venezuela competed for the first time, but none of them won a medal. Varying statistics are reported for the number of participants at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The Sports-Reference website states that 2,180 athletes from 72 nations participated in 68 events from 14 sports and disciplines. Olympic historian Bill Mallon, in his "Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement", agrees with the figure of 2,180 participants. In contrast, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) website reports that 2,176 athletes competed at the Games.

title: Austria at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: fall World Cups during the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup season, Austria earned the following start quotas: Austria at the 2014 Winter Olympics Austria competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team was composed of 132 athletes in 14 sports, consisting of 90 men and 42 women. The 132 athletes is 27 more than the country's previous largest Winter Olympics team. Originally Benjamin Raich was scheduled to carry the flag at the opening ceremony, however he withdrew after he decided to skip the combined competition, thus delaying his arrival in

title: Japan at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Japan at the 2014 Winter Olympics Japan competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. Japan's team consisted of 136 athletes in all 15 sports. Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe attended the opening ceremony, wanting to show the Russians how important the relationship between the two countries is. According to the quota allocation released on January 27, 2014, Japan has achieved two quota spots in alpine skiing. No one of the several female skiers regularly competing in the World Cup managed to achieve qualification. Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013

title: 2014 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations

text: 2014 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations During the Parade of Nations at the 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony, held beginning at 20:14 MST () on 7 February 2014, 88 athletes bearing the flags of their respective nations lead their national delegations as they paraded into the Fisht Olympic Stadium in the host city of Sochi, Russia. Athletes entered the stadium in an order dictated by tradition. As the originator of the Olympics, Greece entered first. The Russian team entered last, representing the host nation. The names of the nations were announced first in French, followed by English and finally Russian,

title: 2014 Winter Olympics

text: 2014 Winter Olympics The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games () () and commonly known as Sochi 2014, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony, 6 February 2014. Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics to be

title: Sweden at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Sweden at the 2014 Winter Olympics Sweden competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. The Swedish Olympic Committee (Swedish: "Sveriges Olympiska Kommitté, SOK") sent 106 athletes to the Games, 61 men and 45 women, to compete in nine sports. 38 of the 98 events had Swedish participation. The youngest athlete in the delegation was freestyle skier Sandra Näslund, at 17 years old, while ice hockey player Daniel Alfredsson was the oldest athlete at 41. Alfredsson competed in his fifth Olympics, and he thus became the first Swedish ice hockey player that has

title: Kazakhstan at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: on the results from the fall World Cups during the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup season, Kazakhstan earned the following start quotas: Kazakhstan at the 2014 Winter Olympics Kazakhstan competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. Kazakhstan's team consisted of 52 athletes competing in 11 sports, an increase of 14 athletes from four years prior. According to the final quota allocation released on 20 January 2014, Kazakhstan had four athletes in qualification position. Lyudmila Fedotova was selected to compete but she did not participate in any of her scheduled events. Based

title: Azerbaijan at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Azerbaijan at the 2014 Winter Olympics Azerbaijan competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. Even though all the athletes that competed for Azerbaijan werere foreign-born, the head of the Azerbaijani delegation at the Sochi Olympics Kenul Nurullayeva said: "if Azerbaijan is mentioned, at least for three times during the opening ceremony of the Olympics, it will be a big deal for us. What else do we need besides the publicity? We work for this". At the 2014 Winter Olympics Azerbaijan offered the biggest bonuses for medal-winning athletes among other competing countries ($510,000

title: Kazakhstan at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: Kazakhstan at the 2014 Winter Olympics Kazakhstan competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. Kazakhstan's team consisted of 52 athletes competing in 11 sports, an increase of 14 athletes from four years prior. According to the final quota allocation released on 20 January 2014, Kazakhstan had four athletes in qualification position. Lyudmila Fedotova was selected to compete but she did not participate in any of her scheduled events. Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships, Kazakhstan qualified 5 men and 5 women. According to the final quota

title: France at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: France at the 2014 Winter Olympics France competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. French President François Hollande did not attend the 2014 Winter Olympics. He has not said publicly that the decision was a political gesture. The French delegation won a total of 15 medals (including 4 gold), its most ever at a Winter Olympic Games and ranked eighth in overall medals. On 22 January 2014, 14 provisional slots have been filled by the French alpine skiing team. The remainder of the team, including pending selections, was officially announced on 27

title: Sweden at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: participated in five Olympic tournaments. 55 athletes were Olympic debutants. Sweden won 15 medals in total, making the Sochi games Sweden's most successful Winter Games ever in terms of medals. However, the number of gold medals (2) was lower than in the two previous Winter Games. On 8 February, the first competition day, cross-country skier Charlotte Kalla won the first Swedish medal at the Games. She won the silver medal in the women's 15 km skiathlon event, finishing behind Norway's Marit Bjørgen. Snowboarder Sven Thorgren finished in fourth place in the men's slopestyle, just 1.25 points behind the bronze medalist.

title: Poland at the 2014 Winter Olympics

text: five athletes. According to the quota allocation released on 20 January 2014, Poland qualified five athletes. Based on the results from the fall World Cups during the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup season, Poland earned the following start quotas: Poland at the 2014 Winter Olympics Poland competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from 7 to 23 February 2014. The Polish team consisted of 59 athletes in 11 sports, which was the largest ever Polish team, surpassing the 56 athletes that competed in 1972. With 4 gold medals won (and 6 medals overall), this was the most

title: Winter Olympic Games

text: selected as the host city for the 2014 Winter Olympics over Salzburg, Austria, and Pyeongchang, South Korea. This was the first time that Russia had hosted a Winter Olympics. The Games took place from 7 to 23 February 2014. A record 2,800 athletes from 88 countries competed in 98 events. The Olympic Village and Olympic Stadium were located on the Black Sea coast. All of the mountain venues were 50 kilometres (31 miles) away in the alpine region known as Krasnaya Polyana. The Games were the most expensive so far, with a cost of £30 billion (USD 51 billion). On

title: 2014 Winter Paralympics

text: Brazil, Turkey and Uzbekistan made their Winter Paralympic debut in Sochi, while Hungary and South Africa, who participated in Vancouver, did not send any athletes.

title: 2014 Winter Paralympics

short_answers: Brazil Turkey Uzbekistan


question: how many episodes in series 7 of game of thrones are there

answers: 7

answers: seven

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: of 77 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes, the seventh season has a 94% approval rating from 46 critics with an average rating of 8.31 out of 10, and a 92% average episode score, with the site's consensus reading, "After a year-long wait, "Game of Thrones" roars back with powerful storytelling and a focused interest in its central characters—particularly the female ones." The series premiere surpassed 30 million viewers across all of the network's domestic platforms weeks after its release. The show's numbers continued to climb in other countries as well. In

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: season of the series includes its longest episode, with the finale running for 81 minutes. The penultimate episode also runs for 71 minutes – around 16 minutes longer than an average "Game of Thrones" episode. The first five episodes mostly run longer than average (55 minutes), at 59, 59, 63, 50, and 59 minutes respectively. The previous longest episode in the series was the sixth-season finale, "The Winds of Winter", which ran for 69 minutes. Ramin Djawadi returned as the composer of the show for the seventh season. On Metacritic, the season (based on the first episode) has a score

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: fifth season. New York Mets baseball pitcher Noah Syndergaard made a background cameo as a javelin-throwing Lannister soldier in "The Spoils of War." On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of "Game of Thrones", just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season. In a June 2016 interview with "Variety", co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss revealed the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were "down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap." Director Jack

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: in February 2017. In an interview with the showrunners, it was announced that the filming of the seventh season would be delayed until later in the year due to necessary weather conditions for filming. The showrunners stated "We're starting a bit later because, you know, at the end of this season, winter is here, and that means that sunny weather doesn't really serve our purposes any more. We kind of pushed everything down the line so we could get some grim, gray weather even in the sunnier places that we shoot." Girona, Spain did not return as one of the

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: "Game of Thrones" was the most-pirated TV series in 2016. Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" premiered on HBO on April 24, 2016, and concluded on June 26, 2016. It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 50–60 minutes long, largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's "A Song of Ice and Fire" series. Some story elements were derived from the novels and from information Martin revealed to the show-runners. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered

title: Game of Thrones (season 8)

text: be the last time that we would be doing this". In an interview with "Entertainment Weekly", HBO programming president Casey Bloys stated that instead of the series finale being a feature film, the final season would be "six one-hour movies" on television. He continued, "The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so, than film. What they're doing is monumental." Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. Co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth season would likely consist of fewer

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: filming locations. Girona stood in for Braavos and parts of King's Landing. It was later announced that the seventh season would film in Northern Ireland, Spain and Iceland, with filming in Northern Ireland beginning in August 2016. The series filmed in the Spanish cities Seville, Cáceres, Almodóvar del Río, Santiponce, Zumaia and Bermeo. Spanish sources announced that the series would be filming the seventh season on Muriola Beach in Barrika, Las Atarazanas, the Royal Dockyards of Seville and at the shores of San Juan de Gaztelugatxe, an islet belonging to the city of Bermeo. The series returned to film at

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: 50 chart. The season received highly positive reviews, with special praise directed at the episodes "The Door", "Battle of the Bastards" and "The Winds of Winter". On Metacritic, the season (based on the first episode) has a score of 73 out of 100 based on 9 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes, the sixth season has a 95% approval rating from 30 critics with an average rating of 8.33 out of 10. The season also received a 94% episode average score on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus reads, "Bloody and captivating as always, "Game of Thrones" plunges

title: Game of Thrones

text: had positive reviews of 91 percent or higher on Rotten Tomatoes, and a 97-percent rating (based on 50 reviews) for the season as a whole. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 95 percent and an average score of 8.6 out of 10 (based on 52 reviews). The season has a rating of 96 percent on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average score of 8.4 out of 10 based on 29 reviews. After the first episode aired, the seventh season held a rating of 97 percent on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average score of 8.2 out of 10 based on

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: and eighth season. It was later reported that the actors had gone through a renegotiation, for which they had increased their salary to $1.1 million per episode for the last two seasons. On August 31, 2016, "Entertainment Weekly" reported that Jim Broadbent had been cast for the seventh season in a "significant" role. It was announced that the role of Dickon Tarly has been recast, with Tom Hopper replacing Freddie Stroma, who had previously played the role in "Blood of My Blood". The seventh season sees the return of Mark Gatiss as Tycho Nestoris, who did not appear in the

title: Game of Thrones (season 5)

text: million at the seventh episode, "The Gift". "Business Insider" cites two likely reasons for the lower ratings: backlash over the rape scene in "Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken", one of many deviations from the novels throughout the season that "have upset fans," and increased online streaming through HBO Now. It also acknowledged a possible effect of the first four episodes leaking online before the season premiere and the decision to air on Memorial Day weekend in the United States (a weekend that had been skipped in previous seasons). "Business Insider" reached out to HBO for comment, HBO responded that it is seeing

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" premiered on HBO on April 24, 2016, and concluded on June 26, 2016. It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 50–60 minutes long, largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's "A Song of Ice and Fire" series. Some story elements were derived from the novels and from information Martin revealed to the show-runners. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the season on April 8, 2014, together with the fifth

title: Game of Thrones (season 5)

text: 18 million different IP addresses downloaded the leaked episodes, totaling 32 million downloads during the first week. The fifth season of "Game of Thrones" was the most-pirated TV series in 2015. Game of Thrones (season 5) The fifth season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" premiered on HBO on April 12, and concluded on June 14, 2015. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season primarily adapts material from "A Feast for Crows" and "A Dance with Dragons", the fourth and fifth

title: Game of Thrones (season 5)

text: the novels, and his meeting with Daenerys was particularly lauded. The gross viewing figure per episode for the show, which include streaming, DVR recordings and repeat showings, averaged at 20 million this season. "Business Insider" noted a significant difference in the ratings between this season and previous seasons. The typical pattern involves "Solid premiere viewings followed by a slow but steady gain of momentum through to the finale. Historically, the finale episodes of each season have beaten the premiere for total number of viewers". However, this season showed a significant decline from 8 million viewers at the premiere to 5.4

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: Now and HBO Go apps are included. Over the season, the viewer numbers averaged at over 30 million per episode across all platforms. The season was simulcast around the world by HBO and its broadcast partners in 186 countries. In some countries, it aired the day after its first release. On July 23, 2016, a teaser production trailer was released by HBO at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con. The trailer mostly consisted of voice overs, and shots of crew members creating sets and props. The first footage from the season was revealed in a new promotional video released by HBO

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: On March 9, 2017, HBO hosted a live stream on the "Game of Thrones" Facebook page that revealed the premiere date for the seventh season as being July 16, 2017. It was accompanied by a teaser trailer. On March 30, 2017, the first official promo for the show was released, highlighting the thrones of Daenerys Targaryen, Jon Snow, and Cersei Lannister. On April 20, 2017, HBO released 15 official photos shot during the season. On May 22, 2017, HBO released several new photos from the new season. On May 23, 2017, HBO released the official posters featuring the Night King.

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: August 4, 2017, it was reported that, two days before its original broadcast, the fourth episode of the season was leaked online from Star India, one of HBO's international network partners. The leaked copy has the "for internal viewing only" watermark. On July 31, 2017, due to a security breach, HBO was the victim of 1.5 terabytes of stolen data. However, "this was not related to this episode leak", according to "The Verge". On August 16, 2017, four days before its intended release, it was reported that HBO Spain and HBO Nordic accidentally allowed the sixth episode of the series

title: Game of Thrones (season 8)

text: of six episodes, and is expected to premiere later than usual for the same reason. Benioff and Weiss spoke about the end of the show, saying, "From the beginning we've wanted to tell a 70-hour movie. It will turn out to be a 73-hour movie, but it's stayed relatively the same of having the beginning, middle and now we're coming to the end. It would have been really tough if we lost any core cast members along the way, I'm very happy we've kept everyone and we get to finish it the way we want to." The season is scheduled

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: back into the midst of a world touched by grief, dread, and precarious sexuality." The season finale had 8.89 million viewers on its initial airing on HBO, up ten percent from the previous season's finale, which was the most-watched episode prior to this episode. The average gross viewing figure per episode for the show, which include streaming, DVR recordings and repeat showings, reached over 25 million this season, and it was described as the last consensus show on television. The figure went up by 25% compared to previous year, and viewing figures of the show this season on its on

title: A Song of Ice and Fire

text: season premiered in April 2014, HBO renewed "Game of Thrones" for a fifth and sixth season. Season 5 premiered on April 12, 2015 and set a Guinness World Records for winning the highest number of Emmy Awards for a series in a single season and year, winning 12 out of 24 nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series. These episodes were watched by 8 million viewers, setting a record number for the series. The sixth season premiered on April 24, 2016. These episodes received the most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards with 23, winning 12, including the award for Outstanding

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: season, which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Iceland and Canada. Each episode cost over $10 million. The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne. The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle, and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North. Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe. At King's Landing, the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras, but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow, who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen.

title: Game of Thrones

text: out of 100 (based on 29 reviews) on Metacritic. The sixth season has been praised by critics, though not as highly as its predecessors. It has a score of 73 on Metacritic (based on nine reviews), indicating "generally favorable reviews". The seventh season scored 77 out of 100 (based on twelve reviews) and was praised for its action sequences and focused central characters, but received criticism for its breakneck pace and plot developments that "defied logic." Despite its otherwise enthusiastic reception by critics, "Game of Thrones" has been criticized for the amount of female nudity, violence, and sexual violence (especially

title: Game of Thrones

text: part, to Martin's skill at fusing these elements into a seamless, credible version of alternate history. Martin acknowledges, "I take [history] and I file off the serial numbers and I turn it up to 11." "Game of Thrones" has an ensemble cast estimated to be the largest on television; during its third season, 257 cast names were recorded. In 2014, several actor contracts were renegotiated to include a seventh-season option, with raises which reportedly made them among the highest-paid performers on cable TV. In 2016, several actor contracts were again renegotiated, reportedly increasing the salary of five of the main

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: Miguel Sapochnik (episodes 9 and 10). Sackheim and Bender were first-time "Game of Thrones" directors, with the rest each having directed two episodes in the previous season. With the end of the fifth season, the content of the show has reached the plot of the latest novel in Martin's "A Song of Ice and Fire" series, "A Dance with Dragons". Season 6 director Jeremy Podeswa said in August 2015: "Right now in season six, what we're shooting currently isn't based on anything in the book. It's fully based on discussions the writers have had with George Martin, because the series

title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: 3.9 million to 4.2 million by the season finale. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The recurring actors listed here are those who appeared in season 2. They are listed by the region in which they first appear: HBO ordered a second season of "Game of Thrones" on April 19, 2011, two days after the series premiere. The second season obtained a 15% increase in budget in order to be able to stage the war's most important battle, the Battle of the Blackwater, in episode nine. Filming took place during 106 shooting days. During three-quarters of those, two crews ("Dragon" and "Wolf") were working simultaneously

title: Game of Thrones title sequence

text: Winterfell and the Horse Gate at Vaes Dothrak are also added at the various locations. The locations shown varies depending on the locations visited in that particular episode, and three or four variations of the title sequence are shown in each season. However, due to the limitation on time for the title sequence, no more than 6 locations may be shown in any episode. Also because of their importance in the show, every episode features King's Landing, Winterfell, The Wall and wherever Daenerys may be regardless of whether any of these locations are featured in that episode. The sigils of

title: Game of Thrones (season 5)

text: (episodes 9 and 10). Nutter is the only returning director with the rest being first-time "Game of Thrones" directors. This season features more original material than previous seasons. The deviations from Martin's novels are in part attributable to the way the television series has covered most of the novel series' published material and in part to the directors' opinions of the actors' abilities. For example, Sansa Stark arrives at Winterfell to marry Ramsay Bolton in "High Sparrow," a plotline that had been given to a minor character in the novels. In an interview, show writer David Benioff explains that Sophie

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: sixth season. Filming for season six began in July 2015, and ended on December 17, 2015. The budget for the sixth season increased compared to the previous seasons as each episode did cost over $10 million per episode, totaling over $100 million for the full season and setting a new high for the series. The season filmed in five different countries, Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Iceland and Canada. Like the previous seasons, a large amount of production took place in Northern Ireland, mainly in Belfast and on the Causeway Coast, including film locations in the Binevenagh, Magilligan area which was

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: having directed multiple episodes in previous seasons. Michele Clapton returned to the show as costume designer, after spending some time away from the show in the sixth season. She previously worked on the show for the first five seasons, as well as the end of the sixth season. The seventh season contains original material not found in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series. Some of the show's sixth season also consists of material revealed to the writers of the television series during discussions with Martin. Filming began on August 31, 2016, at Titanic Studios in Belfast, and ended

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: The seventh season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven.  Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)