question: hazels boyfriend in the fault in our stars

answers: Augustus Waters

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: following afternoon, they go to Van Houten's house, but are shocked to find he is a mean-spirited alcoholic. Lidewij arranged the meeting and their dinner without Van Houten knowing anything about it. Angered by his assistant's actions, he taunts Hazel for seeking serious answers to a piece of fiction and belittles her medical condition. She leaves, utterly distraught. Lidewij invites them to go sightseeing to make up for their ruined experience. The three visit the Anne Frank House, where Hazel struggles to climb the house's many stairs. They spend that night together in their hotel and have sex for the

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: gave the film 4 stars. He said Woodley's performance as Hazel was "transcendent, pure and authentic", stating that, "she's that memorable." Scott Mendelson of "Forbes" magazine said the film is "exceptionally high-quality mainstream entertainment" and called it "a genuine work of art." Anna Smith of "Empire" said it was a, "touching romance and Shailene Woodley's best performance yet." Emma Dibdin of Digital Spy wrote ""The Fault in Our Stars" is a sharp and emotionally-sophisticated weepie that imbues its teenage characters with rare intelligence, and tackles its bleak subject matter with acerbic wit and tenderness." Andy Lea of the "Daily Star"

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: plays the father of a young girl who asks about Hazel's cannula while at the airport. Green said: "They cut [the scene] because it was totally unnecessary to the movie-slash-I was terrible." Principal photography began on August 26, 2013, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Film locations included Oakmont, Pennsylvania, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the historic The Mansions on Fifth hotel. The church scenes were filmed at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in the Pittsburgh suburb of Mt. Lebanon. Filming in Pennsylvania continued until October 10, then the production moved to Amsterdam, where filming began on October 14. Filming was officially completed

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: and Oscar winner A.R. Rahman will compose its music. Actress Sanjana Sanghi was announced as the female lead later that month. The Fault in Our Stars (film) The Fault in Our Stars is a 2014 American romantic tragedy film directed by Josh Boone, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by John Green. The film stars Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort, Laura Dern, Sam Trammell, Nat Wolff, and Willem Dafoe playing supporting roles. Woodley plays Hazel Grace Lancaster, a sixteen-year-old cancer patient who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she meets and subsequently falls

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: drunk. Horrified by Van Houten's behavior, Lidewij confesses to having arranged the meeting on his behalf, angering Van Houten, who proceeds to insult Hazel's cancer, starting an argument and causing Hazel and Augustus to flee from his home. Then, they go to the Anne Frank House, where Augustus and Hazel share their first kiss. Later that night they have sex in Augustus's hotel room, the first time for both of them. During their intimacy, Hazel tells Augustus she loves him. Augustus confesses to Hazel that his cancer has returned. The two affirm their love and support for one another. Upon

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: but we do get to choose whom we allow to hurt us, and that he is happy with his choice, and hopes she likes hers too. The book closes with Hazel stating that she is happy with her choice. On December 21, 2011, Barnes & Noble accidentally shipped 1,500 copies of "The Fault in Our Stars" before the release date to people who had pre-ordered the book. Green released a statement saying, "Mistakes happen. The people who made this error were not bad or incompetent people, and they were not acting maliciously. We all make mistakes, and it is not

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: she use the "cancer wish" she received from Make-A-Wish Foundation but Hazel explains that she has already used hers to visit Walt Disney World. Augustus and Hazel go on a picnic date and begin to fall in love. Augustus surprises Hazel with tickets to Amsterdam. After a medical setback, Hazel's doctors eventually agree to allow the trip, since they expect that she will soon become incapable of doing anything at all. Hazel and Augustus arrive in Amsterdam and are presented with reservations at an expensive restaurant, pre-paid by Van Houten. During the meal, Augustus confesses his love for Hazel. The

title: Ansel Elgort

text: "The Fault in Our Stars", opposite Woodley who would play Hazel Grace Lancaster. The film followed the story of Hazel, a teenage cancer patient, who is forced by her parents to attend a support group, where she subsequently meets and falls in love with Waters, an ex-basketball player. The film, directed by Josh Boone, was released on June 6, 2014. Elgort next co-starred in the comedy film "Men, Women & Children", directed by Jason Reitman and released in October 2014. In 2014, Elgort was named one of the best actors under twenty years of age. Elgort reunited with Chloë Grace

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: first time. The next day Augustus tells Hazel that his cancer has returned and spread throughout his body and is terminal. Hazel is heartbroken, expressing how unfair life can be. After their return to Indianapolis, Augustus' health worsens. He is taken to the ICU and realizes he is close to death. Augustus invites his blind best friend Isaac and Hazel to his pre-funeral, where they deliver eulogies that they have both prepared. Hazel tells him she would not trade their short time together for anything, since he "gave me a forever within the numbered days." Augustus dies eight days later

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: sentence). Hazel explains that the novel's mysterious author, Peter Van Houten (Willem Dafoe), retreated to Amsterdam following the novel's publication and has not been heard from since. Weeks later, Augustus tells Hazel he has traced Van Houten's assistant, Lidewij, and has corresponded with Van Houten by email. She writes to him to find out more about the novel's ambiguous ending. Van Houten replies that he is only willing to answer her questions in person. Hazel asks her mother if she can travel to Amsterdam to visit him, but Frannie kindly refuses because of financial and medical constraints. Augustus suggests that

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: 28, author John Green announced that Mike Birbiglia would be playing Patrick. On September 6, he tweeted that Willem Dafoe would play Peter van Houten. Prior to these announcements, author John Green had tweeted that he would be happy if Mae Whitman played Hazel, and in February 2013, there had been speculation that Shailene Woodley and Hailee Steinfeld were among those being considered for the lead role. John Green filmed a cameo appearance; his scene was cut from the film but is included in the deleted scenes section of the film's DVD and Blu-ray releases. In the cut scene, Green

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: said: "as teen romances go, this is powerful stuff." Wilson Morales at "BlackFilm.com" praised Woodley and Elgort's performances, saying they: "are so captivating and genuine in their performances, they manage to make this intensely poignant film very moving, romantic and highly entertaining." "Time" magazine's Richard Corliss wrote: "Hazel and Augustus will live in film lore because of the young actors who play them." Chris Vongar of "Dallas Morning News" gave the film a B+ as "the movie is witty and alive and only very occasionally maudlin." "USA Today"s Claudia Puig called the film "well-written, well-acted, acerbic, funny and wisely observed",

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: and Hazel is astonished to find Van Houten at the funeral. He tells her that Augustus had demanded he attend his funeral to make up for the spoiled trip. Van Houten tells her that the novel is based on the experiences of his daughter Anna, who died from leukemia at a young age. He gives Hazel a piece of paper which she crumples up asking him to leave. Later, talking with Isaac, Hazel learns that Augustus had asked Van Houten to help him write a eulogy for her. She retrieves the crumpled paper and reads his words accepting his death

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: meeting to support Isaac, his friend who has eye cancer. They meet after the support group and begin to talk. When everything seems to be going well, Augustus pulls out a cigarette and puts it between his lips. Hazel is disgusted by this and yells at him saying that he's already got cancer and he wants to pay money for more cancer, Augustus explains that he does not actually light the cigarette. Hazel, impressed by this, goes to his house to watch a movie. Hazel and Augustus strike a bond immediately and agree to read each other's favorite novels. Augustus

title: The Fault in Our Stars (soundtrack)

text: The Fault in Our Stars (soundtrack) The Fault in Our Stars (Music from the Motion Picture) is the soundtrack for the American romantic comedy-drama film "The Fault in Our Stars". The full track list was released on April 13, 2014, and arranged by Nate Walcott and Mike Mogis of Bright Eyes. It includes a few high-profile artists like Kodaline, Birdy and Ed Sheeran, the last of whom wrote the song for the end credits ("All of the Stars"). The soundtrack was released in North America on May 19, 2014, and in the United Kingdom in June 23, 2014. The lead

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: Hazel that he has tracked down Van Houten's assistant, Lidewij, and, through her, has managed to start an e-mail correspondence with Van Houten. The two write to Van Houten with questions regarding the novel's ending and the fate of the mother of Anna. Van Houten eventually replies, explaining that he can only answer Hazel's questions in person. At a picnic, Augustus surprises Hazel with tickets to Amsterdam to meet Van Houten. While on the plane to Amsterdam, Augustus confesses his love for Hazel. Hazel and Augustus finally meet Van Houten but are shocked to find that he is a mean-spirited

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: The Fault in Our Stars The Fault in Our Stars, published in January 2012, is the sixth novel by author John Green. The title is inspired by Act 1, Scene 2 of Shakespeare's play "Julius Caesar", in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings." The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with thyroid cancer that has affected her lungs. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: Robbie Collin writing for "The Daily Telegraph" said: "Gus is something of a manic pixie dreamboat: the lesser-spotted male version of the kooky, adoring girlfriend-type sometimes played by Kirsten Dunst, Natalie Portman, and Zooey Deschanel." David Edelstein of NPR said: I know people who cried at the trailer of the romantic teen cancer movie "The Fault in Our Stars"at the movie they'll need a life preserver to keep from drowning in a flood of tears. Me, I didn't cry, though at times my tear ducts tingled; I was on the verge. The film is a little slick for my taste,

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: gives Hazel "The Price of Dawn", and Hazel recommends "An Imperial Affliction", a novel written by Peter Van Houten, who lives in Amsterdam, about a cancer-stricken girl named Anna that parallels Hazel's own experience. After Augustus finishes reading her book, he is frustrated upon learning that the novel ends abruptly without a conclusion. The novel ends in the middle of a sentence, which means she either died or became too sick to continue telling the story. Hazel explains the novel's author had retreated following the novel's publication and has not been heard from since. A week later, Augustus reveals to

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: me about "The Daily Mail" piece was that it was a bit condescending to teenagers. I'm tired of adults telling teenagers that they aren't smart, that they can't read critically, that they aren't thoughtful, and I feel like that article made those arguments." In January 2012, Fox 2000, a division of 20th Century Fox, optioned the rights to adapt the novel into a feature film. Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber wrote the adapted screenplay. Josh Boone signed on to direct a year later, in February 2013. Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen produced the film. Shailene Woodley stars as Hazel,

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: their return to Indianapolis, Augustus's health worsens and he ends up in the ICU for a few days. Fearing his death, Augustus invites Isaac and Hazel to his pre-funeral, where they give eulogies. Augustus dies soon after, leaving Hazel heartbroken. Van Houten shows up at Augustus's funeral to apologize to Hazel, but Hazel does not forgive him. Hazel learns that Augustus was not writing a sequel to "An Imperial Affliction" like he told her, but an obituary for her, and reads it after Lidewij discovers it amidst Van Houten’s letters. It states that getting hurt in this world is inevitable,

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: on her." Green said he used the word "okay" in the book and the film because Hazel and Augustus used it to express their love for each other; it becomes a special word between them. The original novel was inspired by the late author Esther Earl, who used the word "okay" with her sister Abigail. The first trailer was released on January 29, 2014. The trailer had over 3 million views in less than 24 hours, and more than 15 million views in its first seven days. A video clip was shown before the show at the 2014 MTV Movie

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: play." Two Christian reviewers and some theologians have mentioned the presence of Christian themes in the film. Writing for Catholic News Agency, Robert Barron said: I don’t think it is the least bit accidental that Waters (Gus’s last name) and Grace (Hazel’s middle name) met in the sacred heart of Christ and thereby, despite their shared suffering, managed to give life to one another ... [and so] Hazel effectively repudiates her nihilism and materialism as she responds across the barrier of death to Gus’s 'okay'." He also noted: "[Is] this film a satisfying presentation of Christianity? Hardly. But for those

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: but turned it down because of its similarity to "Perks". On February 19, 2013, Josh Boone was hired as director; Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber were hired to adapt the novel into a screenplaytheir second adaptation for Fox, following "Rosaline". On March 19, 2013, "Entertainment Weekly" announced that Shailene Woodley (who had recently been cast in, and was filming, "Divergent") would play Hazel Grace Lancaster. Director Josh Boone said: "We read close to 150 actresses for the role, and I saw about 50 of those. Within ten or fifteen seconds of Shailene's audition, I knew she was Hazel. She

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: while Ansel Elgort plays Augustus. Nat Wolff was cast as Isaac, the friend who introduces them, and Laura Dern stars as Hazel's mother. Sam Trammell was cast as Mr. Lancaster, Hazel's father. On August 29, 2013, John Green announced that Mike Birbiglia would be playing Patrick, and on September 6, 2013, Green announced that Willem Dafoe would portray Peter Van Houten. Principal photography began on August 26, 2013, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which doubled for the novel's setting of Indianapolis, Indiana, with a few days in Amsterdam, before concluding October 16, 2013. The film was released on June 6, 2014, in

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: the screenplay. The film was also a blockbuster, becoming number one at the box office during its opening weekend, and grossing over $307 million worldwide against a budget of $12 million. It was released on Blu-ray and DVD on September 16, 2014, and grossed over $42 million in total domestic video sales. Hazel Grace Lancaster is a teenager living in Indianapolis, who has terminal thyroid cancer that has spread to her lungs. Believing she is depressed, her mother Frannie urges her to attend a weekly cancer patient support group to help her make friends with individuals who are going through

title: The Fault in Our Stars

text: book called it "a blend of melancholy, sweet, philosophical and funny" and said that it "stays the course of tragic realism", while noting that the book's unpleasant plot details "do nothing to diminish the romance; in Green's hands, they only make it more moving." NPR's Rachel Syme noted that "[Green's] voice is so compulsively readable that it defies categorization," saying that the "elegantly plotted" book "may be his best." "Time" called "The Fault in Our Stars" "damn near genius." "Entertainment Weekly" wrote, "[Augustus and Hazel's] love story is as real as it is doomed, and the gut-busting laughs that come

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: and about his love for her. She lies on her back on her lawn looking up at the stars, smiling as she remembers Augustus and says: "Okay." On January 31, 2012, it was announced that Fox 2000, a division of 20th Century Fox, had optioned the rights to adapt John Green's novel "The Fault in Our Stars" for a feature film. Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen were due to produce the film with their production company, Temple Hill Entertainment. Stephen Chbosky, who directed "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" (also filmed in Pittsburgh), was in talks to direct the film

title: The Fault in Our Stars (film)

text: Fault in Our Stars" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on September 16, 2014. "The Fault in Our Stars: Little Infinities" Blu-ray edition features the theatrical 126-minute and extended 133-minute versions of the film, a number of deleted scenes including the John Green cameo, and featurettes. The home video release grossed over $42.6 million in total domestic video sales. "The Fault in Our Stars" received generally positive reviews, with praise aimed at Woodley's and Elgort's performances, and the screenplay. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 80% based on 213 reviews, with an average rating

title: The Fault in Our Stars

title: The Fault in Our Stars

long_answer: The Fault in Our Stars is the sixth novel by author John Green, published in January 2012. The title is inspired by Act 1, Scene 2 of Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings." The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with 17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort and Nat Wolff was released on June 6, 2014. Both the book and its film adaptation were met with strong critical and commercial success.


question: when did italy enter the second world war

answers: 10 June 1940

title: World War II by country

text: the D-day landings was decided by an Atlantic ocean weather report from Blacksod Bay, County Mayo Ireland. Italy had completed conquests (Ethiopia and Albania) prior to its entry into World War II. After the initially successful campaigns of Nazi Germany, Italy joined in the war in June 1940, planning to get a share of Allied territory with the defeat of France. Italy's war effort went poorly, resulting in defeats in Greece and North Africa. The Allies started to invade Italy in the summer of 1943 and Mussolini's government collapsed. The new royal government of Marshal Pietro Badoglio signed an armistice

text: Britain, Italy contributed an expeditionary force, the Corpo Aereo Italiano, which took part in the Blitz from October 1940 until April 1941, at which time the last elements of the force were withdrawn. In November 1942, the Italian Royal Army occupied south-eastern Vichy France and Corsica as part of Case Anton. From December 1942, Italian military government of French departments east of the Rhône River was established, and continued until September 1943, when Italy quit the war. This had the effect of providing a "de facto" temporary haven for French Jews fleeing the Holocaust. In January 1943 the Italians refused

text: to work independently, focusing only on their fields, with little inter-service cooperation. Discrepancies in pay existed for personnel who were of equal rank, but from different units. Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, marked the beginning of World War II. Despite being an Axis power, Italy remained non-belligerent until June 1940. Following the German conquest of Poland, Mussolini hesitated to enter the war. The British commander for land forces in the Middle East and the eastern Mediterranean, General Sir Archibald Wavell, correctly predicted that Mussolini's pride would ultimately cause him to enter the war. Wavell would compare

title: Virginio Gayda

text: My second choice, however, is Virginio Gayda." Despite this, Gayda twice came into conflict with Mussolini. In the first incident, in a 1939 article titled ""Che farà l'Italia?"" ("What Will Italy Do?") written when Germany invaded Poland, Gayda cast doubt on the wisdom of Italy entering the world war on the side of Germany. Mussolini, who was at that time planning to enter the war, criticised this article strongly. Mussolini raised no publicized objection when Gayda warned against the likelihood of a swift victory one week after the June 1941 Axis invasion of Russia began. But on 17 February 1943

title: Foreign relations of Italy

text: invaded Albania and incorporated it into the Fascist state. During the Second World War (1939–45), Italy formed the axis alliance with Japan and Germany and occupied several territories (such as parts of France, Greece, Egypt and Tunisia) but was forced in the final peace to abandon all its colonies and protectorates. Following the civil war and the economic depression caused by World War II, Italy enjoyed an economic miracle, promoted European unity, joined NATO and became an active member of the European Union. Italy was granted a United Nations trust to administer Somaliland in 1950. When Somalia became independent in

text: Military history of Italy during World War II The participation of Italy in the Second World War was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. Italy joined the war as one of the Axis Powers in 1940, as the French surrendered, with a plan to concentrate Italian forces on a major offensive against the British Empire in Africa and the Middle East, while hoping for the collapse of the UK in the European theatre. The Italians bombed Mandatory Palestine, invaded Egypt and occupied British Somaliland with

title: Royal Italian Army during World War II

text: in Africa (Egypt, Kenya, and the Sudan). Italian forces invaded into Egypt, Kenya, and the Sudan. In August, the Royal Army obtained the only Italian victory in World War II without German intervention when it successfully carried out the conquest of British Somaliland. Indeed, in the first six months of war Italy obtained only minor conquests, as Mussolini mistakenly waited for a quick end of the war. But soon Britain struck back at the end of that year. In December 1940, British and Commonwealth forces launched Operation Compass which, by February 1941, ended in the conquering of all of Cyrenaica

title: Italy–United Kingdom relations

text: Germany, in 1940 Italy joined the Second World War on the side of Germany. Britain and Italy were thus at war through the early 1940s, until the Allied invasion of Sicily ended with Italy's defeat in 1943. The Italian government overthrew Mussolini in 1943, switch sides, and joined the Allied cause. Germany meanwhile invaded the northern half of Italy, released Mussolini, and set up the Italian Social Republic a puppet regime that helped Germany fight against the Allies until it collapsed in spring 1945. The United Kingdom and Italy now generally enjoy a warm and friendly relationship. Queen Elizabeth II

title: Italian invasion of France

text: entered the war. A potent symbol of Fascist modernisation, it was the most prestigious of Italy's service branches, as well as the most recently battle-hardened, having participated in the Spanish Civil War. The 1 Squadra Aerea in northern Italy, the most powerful and well-equipped of Italy's "squadre aeree", was responsible for supporting operations on the Alpine front. Italian aerial defences were weak. As early as August 1939 Italy had requested from Germany 150 batteries of 88-mm anti-aircraft (AA) guns. The request was renewed in March 1940, but declined on 8 June. On 13 June, Mussolini offered to send one Italian

title: Least of the Great Powers

text: In 1935–36, in its second invasion of Ethiopia Italy was successful and merged its new conquest with its older east African colonies. In 1939, Italy invaded Albania and incorporated it into the Fascist state. During the Second World War (1939–45), Italy formed the axis alliance with Japan and Germany and occupied several territories (such as parts of France, Greece, Egypt and Tunisia) but was forced in the final peace to abandon all of its protectorates. Following the civil war and the economic depression caused by World War II, Italy enjoyed an economic miracle, promoted European unity, joined NATO and became

text: act, which brought no military follow-up, was mainly to persuade the Allies that the new government of Italy deserved to be invited to the San Francisco Peace Conference, as a reward for its co-belligerence. However, the British Prime Minister Churchill and John Foster Dulles were resolutely against the idea, and so Italy's new government was left out of the Conference. Italy and Japan negotiated the resumption of their respective diplomatic ties after 1951, and later signed several bilateral agreements and treaties. Nearly four million Italians served in the Italian Army during the Second World War and nearly half a million

text: since the Mediterranean was Italy's only conduit to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In 1935, Italy initiated the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, "a nineteenth-century colonial campaign waged out of due time". The campaign gave rise to optimistic talk on raising a native Ethiopian army "to help conquer" Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The war also marked a shift towards a more aggressive Italian foreign policy and also "exposed [the] vulnerabilities" of the British and French. This in turn created the opportunity Mussolini needed to begin to realize his imperial goals. In 1936, the Spanish Civil War broke out. From the beginning, Italy played an

title: Military history of Italy

text: Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, but Italy remained neutral for the following ten months even though it was one of the Axis powers. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's Under-Secretary for War Production, Carlo Favagrossa, had estimated that Italy could not possibly be prepared for such a war until at least October 1942. This had been made clear during Italo-German negotiations for the Pact of Steel whereby it was stipulated that neither signatory was to make war without the other earlier than 1943. Although considered a major power, the Italian industrial sector was relatively weak compared to other European major

title: History of Italy

text: the Allied armed forces and the Kingdom of Italy joined the Allies in their war against Nazi Germany. Donald Detwiler notes that, "Italy's entrance into the war showed very early that her military strength was only a hollow shell. Italy's military failures against France, Greece, Yugoslavia and in the African Theatres of war shook Italy's new prestige mightily." Historians have long debated why Italy's military and its Fascist regime were so remarkably ineffective at an activity - war - that was central to their identity. MacGregor Knox says the explanation, "was first and foremost a failure of Italy's military culture

title: History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

text: notifying Mussolini in advance, the Italian dictator decided to proceed with his own annexation of Albania. Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III criticized the plan to take Albania as an unnecessary risk. On April 7, 1939, Italy invaded Albania; in a short campaign, the country was occupied and joined Italy in personal union. Italy strengthened its ties with Germany on May 22, 1939, when both nations signed the Pact of Steel. This document solidified the alliance between the two regimes. At the beginning of World War II Italy remained neutral (with the consent of Hitler), but it declared war on France

title: Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II

text: began the Italian invasion of Albania and within two days had occupied the country. In May 1939, Italy formally allied to Nazi Germany in the Pact of Steel. Italian foreign policy went through two stages during the Fascist regime. Until 1934–35, Mussolini followed a "modest ... and responsible" course and following that date there was "ceaseless activity and aggression". "Prior to the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, Mussolini had made military agreements with the French and formed a coalition with the British and French to prevent German aggression in Europe." The Ethiopian War "exposed vulnerabilities and created opportunities that Mussolini seized

title: Umberto Sclanizza

text: the Second World War approached, Umberto Sclanizza attempted to evacuate his family to a quiet part of the Middle East (his mother had gone to live in Egypt after her divorce, where she had given birth to a daughter, Ida Ruffato, in 1900). But as the British Embassy was about to issue Visas for Egypt, Italy entered the war on the side of the Axis. In an ironic twist, this gave him the opening into film for which he is remembered. Films included: "Un' Avventura di Salvator Rosa" ("The Adventure of Salvator Rosa") (1939); "Sei bambine ed il Perseo" ("Perseus

title: Royal Italian Army during World War II

text: the Kingdom of Italy. King Victor Emmanuel III remained Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Royal Armed Forces. Hence, Mussolini needed the consent of the King (who always looked at France as the center of European politics) to declare war and enter the Second World War. Initially the King and his staff (conscious of the Italian lack of preparation to war) did not approve Mussolini's intentions, but when France was clearly defeated in June 1940, the Italian Royal Army ("Regio Esercito") was abruptly sent to war. Mussolini made the mistake to believe that the United Kingdom would accept

title: Military history of Italy

text: his mind repeatedly as to whether he would enter the war. The British commander in Africa, General Archibald Wavell, correctly predicted that Mussolini's pride would ultimately cause him to enter the war. Wavell would compare Mussolini's situation to that of someone at the top of a diving board: "I think he must do something. If he cannot make a graceful dive, he will at least have to jump in somehow; he can hardly put on his dressing-gown and walk down the stairs again." Some historians believe that Italian leader Benito Mussolini was induced to enter the war against the Allies

title: Benito Mussolini

text: as they were eager to attack Italy in Libya. In September 1939, France swung to the opposite extreme, offering to discuss issues with Italy, but as the French were unwilling to discuss Corsica, Nice and Savoy, Mussolini did not answer. Historian Alexander Gibson stated that the Allies were certain that Italy would join the war on the Axis side, and tried to provoke Italy into fighting while she was still unprepared. In late November 1939, Adolf Hitler declared: "So long as the Duce lives, one can rest assured that Italy will seize every opportunity to achieve its imperialistic aims." Convinced

title: Kingdom of Italy

text: power to dismiss the Prime Minister on the advice of the Grand Council—which is what happened in 1943. When Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 beginning World War II, Mussolini publicly declared on 24 September 1939 that Italy had the choice of entering the war or to remain neutral which would cause the country to lose its national dignity. Nevertheless, despite his aggressive posture, Mussolini kept Italy out of the conflict for several months. Mussolini told his son in law Count Ciano that he was personally jealous over Hitler's accomplishments and hoped that Hitler's prowess would be slowed down

title: World War II by country

text: in the conflict. The Kingdom of Afghanistan maintained its neutrality. It was neither invaded nor sent an invasion force from or to a foreign nation, and was relatively unaffected during the war. After the Italian invasion of Albania in April 1939, 100,000 Italian soldiers and 11,000 Italian colonists who wanted to integrate Albania into the Italian Empire settled in the country. Initially the Albanian Fascist Party received support from the population, mainly because of the unification of Kosovo and other Albanian-populated territories with Albania proper after the conquest of Yugoslavia and Greece by the Axis in Spring 1941. Benito Mussolini

text: was focused on Adolf Hitler's aggression against Czechoslovakia, Mussolini looked to the Kingdom of Albania, across the Adriatic Sea from Italy. Italian forces invaded Albania on 7 April 1939 and swiftly took control of the small country. Even before the invasion, Albania had been politically dominated by Italy; after the invasion it was formally made part of Italy and the Italian king took the Albanian crown. Along with the intervention in the Spanish Civil War and the invasion of Abyssinia, the invasion of Albania was part of the Italian contribution to the disintegration of the collective security the League of

text: Nations instituted after World War I. As such, it was part of the "prelude to World War II". On 28 October 1940, Italy started the Greco-Italian War by launching an invasion of the Kingdom of Greece from Albania. In part, the Italians attacked Greece because of the growing influence of Germany in the Balkans. Both Yugoslavia and Greece had governments friendly to Germany. Mussolini launched the invasion of Greece in haste after the Kingdom of Romania, a state which he perceived as lying within the Italian sphere of influence, allied itself with Germany. The order to invade Greece was given

title: Benito Mussolini

text: 1939 with the German invasion of Poland eliciting the response of the United Kingdom and France declaring war on Germany, Italy did not become involved in the conflict. However, when the Germans incarcerated 183 professors from Jagiellonian University in Kraków on 6 November 1939, Mussolini personally intervened to Hitler against this action, leading to the freeing of 101 Poles. As World War II began, Ciano and Viscount Halifax were holding secret phone conversations. The British wanted Italy on their side against Germany as it had been in World War I. French government opinion was more geared towards action against Italy,

text: commanded by General Sir Harold Alexander) and regain the initiative in April. The Allies completed the defeat of the Axis armies in North Africa in May 1943. In addition to the well-known campaigns in the western desert during 1940, the Italians initiated operations in June 1940 from their East African colonies of Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland, and Eritrea. As in Egypt, Italian forces (roughly 70,000 Italian soldiers and 180,000 native troops) outnumbered their British opponents. Italian East Africa, however, was isolated and far from the Italian mainland, leaving the forces there cut off from supply and thus severely limited in the

text: On 7 April, Italian forces landed in the country and within three days had occupied the majority of the country. Albania represented a territory Italy could acquire for "'living space' to ease its overpopulation" as well as the foothold needed to launch other expansionist conflicts in the Balkans. On 22 May 1939, Italy and Germany signed the Pact of Steel joining both countries in a military alliance. The pact was the culmination of German-Italian relations from 1936 and was not defensive in nature. Rather, the pact was designed for a "joint war against France and Britain", although the Italian hierarchy

title: Military history of Italy

text: by secret negotiations with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, with whom he had an active mail correspondence between September 1939 and June 1940. The journalist Luciano Garibaldi wrote that "in those letters (which disappeared at Lake Como in 1945) Churchill may have extorted Mussolini to enter the war to mitigate Hitler's demands and dissuade him from continuing hostilities against Great Britain as France was inexorably moving toward defeat. In light of this, Mussolini could urge Hitler turn against the USSR, the common enemy of both Churchill and Mussolini". Initially, the entry into the war was clearly political opportunism, which led

title: Italian invasion of France

text: draw Mussolini away from an alliance with Germany, but Germany's rapid successes in the early phase of the war made Italian intervention on the German side inevitable by May 1940. Italy declared war on France and Britain on the evening of 10 June, to take effect just after midnight. The two sides exchanged air raids on the first day of war, but little transpired on the Alpine front, since both France and Italy had adopted a defensive posture along their frontier. There was some skirmishing between patrols and the French forts of the "Ligne Alpine" exchanged fire with their Italian

text: On 10 June 1940, as the French government fled to Bordeaux during the German invasion, declaring Paris an open city, Mussolini felt the conflict would soon end and declared war on Britain and France.  As he said to the Army's Chief-of-Staff, Marshal Badoglio:


question: who drives the number 95 car in nascar

answers: Michael Christopher McDowell

title: Mike Wheeler (NASCAR)

text: chief for the organization's No. 95 entry, driven by Matt DiBenedetto. Born on November 4, 1978 in Southold, New York, Wheeler attended Kettering University to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering. He graduated from the college in 2002, and currently resides in Huntersville, North Carolina. Mike Wheeler (NASCAR) Michael "Mike" Wheeler (born November 4, 1978), also known by his nickname 'Wheels', is an American racing crew chief for the No. 95 Toyota Camry, which Matt DiBenedetto drives in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. He was named crew chief to start the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season. He also

title: Regan Smith

text: a pit reporter for Cup and Xfinity races in 2018. On September 6, 2018, it was announced by Leavine Family Racing that Smith would be driving the No. 95 Chevrolet as a substitute for Kasey Kahne starting at the Brickyard 400. Smith has three top-20 finishes with the team, with 12th place at the fall Las Vegas race being his highest finish. Smith received the blessing of his Fox NASCAR superiors to take the ride with LFR. He said during the LFR stint that he never considers himself retired when looking for a ride, just not in the seat. Smith

title: Kasey Kahne

text: where he didn't lead a lap at all. Kahne announced he would drive the 95 Leavine Family Racing Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 in 2018, replacing Michael McDowell. On September 19, 2017, Kahne announced he would be driving the No. 95 for Leavine Family Racing in 2018. In the offseason, Leavine announced he would pair up with Hendrick Motorsports team engineer Travis Mack who previously substituted for Greg Ives when he Crew Chiefed for Dale Earnhardt Jr. to his best run in 2017. Kahne finished 10th in the All Star race after going 4 laps down from a wreck. After a very

title: Mike Wheeler (NASCAR)

text: Mike Wheeler (NASCAR) Michael "Mike" Wheeler (born November 4, 1978), also known by his nickname 'Wheels', is an American racing crew chief for the No. 95 Toyota Camry, which Matt DiBenedetto drives in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. He was named crew chief to start the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season. He also has crew chief experience in the Xfinity Series. Wheeler became the No. 11 team's engineer in 2005 with Jason Leffler. Even when Leffler left JGR, he stayed on the team with new driver Hamlin until the end of 2015. Wheeler was made crew chief of

title: Mike Dillon (racing driver)

text: is the son-in-law of Richard Childress. Mike Dillon (racing driver) Mike Dillon is a former NASCAR Busch Series race car driver for Richard Childress Racing, and the current general manager for the team after having raced in all three national series. He is the son-in-law of Richard Childress. Dillon made one Cup Series start in his career. Subbing for the injured Mike Skinner, he qualified the #31 Lowe's Chevrolet in the 27th position in the 1998 Fontana race. Dillon struggled in the race, finishing 35th, 11 laps down. Dillon also competed in the 1997 Mountain Dew Southern 500 as a

title: Number (sports)

text: owned by that team. Jeff Burton, for example, raced for three teams from 1994 to 2013, and had four numbers in that time. In 1994 and 1995 he raced the Number 8 car, then owned by the Stavola Brothers. From 1996 to mid-2004 he raced for Roush Racing, and drove the Number 99 car. After leaving Roush Racing for Richard Childress Racing, he changed to car Number 30 (for the rest of the 2004 season) and drove Number 31 (also an RCR car) from 2005 to 2013. The Number 99 car he used to drive for Roush was driven by

title: Derrike Cope

text: Landon Cassill was hired. Cope announced that they would hopefully run his No. 99 car at Texas Motor Speedway, though the team did not attempt to make that race. Cope and the 99 would make their 2018 debut at Dover International Speedway, the site of Cope's second Cup win in 1990. Season still in progress<br> Derrike Cope Derrike Wayne Cope (born November 3, 1958) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He is known for his win in the 1990 Daytona 500. He currently competes part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No.

title: Richard Childress

text: drivers' strike at Talladega Superspeedway left NASCAR President William France Sr. looking for scab drivers. Childress started his first race as a scab. By 1971, Childress began racing on the top level as an independent driver, using the number 96. He changed to number 3 in 1976 as a tribute to Junior Johnson's past as a driver. Although he never won as a driver, he proved to be average behind the wheel registering six top-5, seventy-six top-10 finishes, with a career-best of third in 1978. He retired from driving in 1981 after Rod Osterlund sold his NASCAR team to J.D.

title: Leavine Family Racing

text: Falk brought a charter granted to him, to the No. 95 team, guaranteeing the 95 its first full season of racing. The team formed an alliance with Richard Childress Racing. The No. 95 attempted all 36 races, with McDowell returning to run in at least 26 events with sponsorship from K-Love and Thrivent, and Ty Dillon driving in at max 10 races, with sponsorship from General Mills and AstraZeneca. McDowell ran the majority of the events, and ran the Daytona 500 in a second entry, the No. 59. On September 19, 2017, LFR announced former Hendrick Motorsports driver Kasey Kahne

title: D. J. Kennington

text: progress<br> D. J. Kennington Douglas James "D. J." Kennington (born July 15, 1977) is a Canadian professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Pinty's Series, driving the No. 17 Dodge Challenger for his own team DJK Racing. He won the 2010 and 2012 Pinty's Series championships. Kennington also competes part-time in Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 96 Toyota Camry for Gaunt Brothers Racing and the No. 7 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Premium Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 49 Chevrolet Silverado for Premium Motorsports. He

title: Stan Mullis

text: Stan Mullis Stan Mullins (born October 17, 1976) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the Nos. 13 and 66 Chevrolet Camaro and Toyota Camry for MBM Motorsports. Stan Mullis regularly drives at Las Vegas Motor speedway in the No. 20 Port City Racecar Sponsored By TLC Resorts Vacation Club In 2017, Mullis made his NASCAR debut in the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro for MBM Motorsports at Iowa. He started 39th and finished 32nd. In 2018, Mullis returned to MBM Motorsports, but drove the No. 66 Chevrolet instead at

title: D. J. Kennington

text: the son of Doug Kennington, a CASCAR driver and founder of St. Thomas Raceway Park. Kennington made his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut at the 2016 Can-Am 500 at Phoenix in the No. 55 for Premium Motorsports, where he finished 35th. In 2017, he joined newly-formed Gaunt Brothers Racing to run the Daytona 500 in the No. 96 Toyota Camry. He qualified in 28th after racing his way in during the second Can-Am Duel qualifying race, but got collected in a 16-car crash on lap 129. He attempted to qualify again for the team at Talladega, but failed to

title: Mike Skinner (racing driver)

text: drive the No. 3 GM Goodwrench-sponsored Chevrolet Silverado for the first NASCAR SuperTruck Series season. He won the first race in the series, and collected seven more victories en route to winning the first championship. He equaled his win total the following season, but fell to third in the standings. That year, he ran five races for RCR in the Winston Cup Series, qualifying in the top-ten three times and having a best finish of twelfth in the No. 31 Realtree-sponsored car. He also filled in for teammate Dale Earnhardt when Earnhardt was recovering from injuries suffered in a wreck

title: David Starr

text: 51 car at the 2018 Brickyard 400, finishing 39th in the race. Starr is scheduled to drive the No. 97 Toyota Camry in Obaika Racing's Cup debut at the 2018 1000Bulbs.com 500 at Talladega. Season still in progress<br> David Starr David Starr (born October 11, 1967) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 52 Chevrolet Camaro for Jimmy Means Racing and part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 51 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Rick Ware Racing and the No. 97 Toyota Camry for

title: Alex Bowman

text: of 12 after the fall Kansas race and finished 16th in points. Season still in progress.<br> Alex Bowman Alexander Michael Bowman (born April 25, 1993) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 88 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Hendrick Motorsports and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 23 Chevrolet Camaro for GMS Racing. He has competed in the ARCA Racing Series and the NASCAR Xfinity Series, finishing 11th in the latter series' 2013 standings. He is nicknamed Bowman the Showman, though he does

title: Mike Skinner (racing driver)

text: after a Cup event. Mike has two sons from his previous marriage, Jamie and Dustin, who both appeared in NASCAR races. Ineligible for series points Mike Skinner (racing driver) Michael Skinner (born June 28, 1957) is an American former stock car racing driver. He has competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, Busch Series and Camping World Truck Series. He has most recently driven the No. 98 Ford Fusion for Phil Parsons Racing in the Cup Series. He is the father of former NASCAR drivers Jamie Skinner and Dustin Skinner. He was born in Susanville, California. Skinner starred as the

title: Richard Boswell

text: Richard Boswell Richard Boswell (born April 14, 1984 in Friendship, Maryland) is a stock car driver. He currently works for Stewart-Haas Racing as a crew chief for the number #98 Xfinity team, which has been driven by Aric Almirola, Chase Briscoe, and Kevin Harvick. The son of former NASCAR Busch Series driver Dickie Boswell, Richard Boswell was selected to replace current Busch Series driver Shane Huffman in the USAR Hooters Pro Cup. He won the World Karting National Championship in 1998, and captured the World Karting Grand National Championship in the same year (at Lowe's Motor Speedway). He is also

title: Mike Dillon (racing driver)

text: Mike Dillon (racing driver) Mike Dillon is a former NASCAR Busch Series race car driver for Richard Childress Racing, and the current general manager for the team after having raced in all three national series. He is the son-in-law of Richard Childress. Dillon made one Cup Series start in his career. Subbing for the injured Mike Skinner, he qualified the #31 Lowe's Chevrolet in the 27th position in the 1998 Fontana race. Dillon struggled in the race, finishing 35th, 11 laps down. Dillon also competed in the 1997 Mountain Dew Southern 500 as a relief driver for Dale Earnhardt, finishing

title: Leavine Family Racing

text: would be replacing McDowell in the No. 95 for the 2018 season. On August 16, 2018, Kahne announced that he will step away from full time competition at the end of the year. On September 6, 2018, after heat exhaustion from the Southern 500, Kahne announced that he would sit out the Brickyard 400, which became the first race he missed since he began his full-time Cup Series career. Regan Smith currently drives the No. 95 car in Kahne's absence. On October 9, Kahne announced that he will miss the rest of the season due to lingering medical conditions. On

title: Mike Potter (racing driver)

text: last in the #0 Chevrolet, a Johnny Davis Motorsports secondary car. After Kertus Davis left the team, Potter took over the reins of the #01 SponsorDavis.com Chevrolet, the team's primary entry, for a couple of races. Mike ended up finishing a respectable 29th at the Camping World RV Sells 200 in June. Besides NASCAR, Potter also has experience in many other forms of stock car racing, including Hooters Pro Cup. Mike Potter (racing driver) Mike Potter is a NASCAR veteran. He was born on July 4, 1949 and currently resides in Johnson City, Tennessee. Over the course of his Winston

title: Ronnie Silver

text: with the team due to business obligations in his hometown of Asheville, North Carolina. Ronnie Silver Ronnie Silver (born July 20, 1951) is a former American stock car racer and crew chief. He raced in the NASCAR Busch Series for eight seasons, winning two races. A native of Asheville, North Carolina, Silver's career started in the Whelen All-American Series, in which he finished fourth in the 1982 Mid-Atlantic Region season. Eventually, Silver joined the Busch Series in its inaugural season as an owner driver, and finished 7th in the Southeastern 150 at Bristol Motor Speedway. Silver ended the season 15th

title: Jesse Little

text: Jesse Little Jesse Little (born April 15, 1997) is an American professional stock car racing driver. Son of Chad Little, he currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 97 Ford F-150 for JJL Motorsports, and part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 7 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Premium Motorsports and the No. 96 Toyota Camry for Gaunt Brothers Racing. A native of Sherrills Ford, North Carolina and a third-generation racer, Little began his racing career in quarter midgets at the age of 7, moving up to Bandoleros in 2007 and

title: Derrike Cope

text: Derrike Cope Derrike Wayne Cope (born November 3, 1958) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He is known for his win in the 1990 Daytona 500. He currently competes part-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 99 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for StarCom Racing. Cope also serves as team manager. Cope was born in San Diego, California, and was raised in Spanaway, Washington. In high school, he enjoyed auto racing and baseball. He was a catcher on the Bethel High School baseball team, and later attended Whitman College to continue his baseball

title: Justin Hobgood

text: at Talladega Superspeedway in the fall where he ended up 9th in a wild race. Justin Hobgood Justin Hobgood (born July 31, 1979 in Winnsboro, South Carolina) is an American race car driver in the NASCAR Nationwide Series and Camping World Truck Series. Chapman drove the No. 91 Chevy Monte Carlo part-time for MSRP Motorsports, a start and park team in the Nationwide series. His career best finish (27th) came in his first start in the 2003 Sam's Town 250 on October 18. He has made a handful of starts In 2003, 2008 and 2009 in the Nationwide Series. He

title: Bill Davis (NASCAR owner)

text: Bill Davis (NASCAR owner) Bill Davis is a former NASCAR car owner that won the Daytona 500 with Ward Burton in 2002, and the 2001 Southern 500, also with Burton. His former team, Bill Davis Racing, fielded the #22 Caterpillar Inc. Toyota Camry and the #23 & #27 Camrys in the Sprint Cup series, as well as Toyotas in the Camping World Truck Series for Mike Skinner, Tyler Walker, Johnny Benson, Bill Lester, and others. Davis was listed as owner of the #77 Penske Dodge in the Sprint Cup series, driven by Sam Hornish Jr in 2008. Davis built his

title: 1994 NASCAR Winston Cup Series

text: Woodland Jr., 92w-John Krebs, 22w-St. James Davis, 95w-Lance Wade, 58w-Wayne Jacks The Hooters 500 was held November 13 at Atlanta Motor Speedway. The No. 77 of Greg Sacks won the pole. Top ten results Failed to qualify: 55-Tim Fedewa, 98-Jeremy Mayfield, 64-Gary Wright, 47-Billy Standridge, 32-Dick Trickle, 45-Rich Bickle, 71-Dave Marcis, 80-Joe Ruttman, 35-Bill Venturini, 53-Brad Teague, 61-Rick Carelli, 34-Bob Brevak, 50-Brian Bonner Jeff Burton, driving the No. 8 Ford for Stavola Brothers Racing, was named Rookie of the Year for 1994, posting two top-five finishes. He was followed by fellow Busch Series graduates Steve Grissom and Joe Nemechek, each

title: Bobby Labonte

text: and Petty partnered with Gillett Evernham Motorsports. On January 13, 2009, Labonte was confirmed to be the driver of the No. 96 Ford Fusion for Hall of Fame Racing, now in a partnership with Yates Racing. In the 2009 Spring Las Vegas race, the Shelby 427, Labonte recorded his first Top 5 with Hall of Fame racing, and his best finish since he finished third in the Fall Martinsville race in 2006. However, that was his only Top 5 run for the year. With eleven races remaining in the 2009 season, Labonte was replaced for Erik Darnell for 7 of

title: Mike Harmon

text: Mike Harmon Michael "Mike" Joseph Harmon (born January 24, 1958) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 74 Dodge Challenger and Chevrolet Camaro for Mike Harmon Racing and part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 50 Chevrolet Silverado for Beaver Motorsports, the No. 74 Silverado for MHR, and the No. 15 Silverado for Premium Motorsports. In the past, he drove in the NASCAR Slim Jim All Pro Series, finishing 8th in points in 1997. Harmon made his NASCAR debut in 1996 driving the

title: Gaunt Brothers Racing

text: where Kennington drove the No. 96. The team announced its Pinty's Series involvement in May 2010, initially setting John Gaunt as driver of the No. 11 entry. Gaunt started seven of the twelve events in the series that year. In 2011, Jason Bowles joined the team for two races, winning the pole in one. Gaunt Brothers Racing Gaunt Brothers Racing is a Canadian professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. The team currently fields the No. 96 Toyota Camry part-time for D. J. Kennington, Parker Kligerman, Jeffrey Earnhardt, and Jesse Little. The

title: Michael McDowell (racing driver)

text: Michael Christopher McDowell (born December 21, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver.  He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 95 Chevrolet SS for Leavine Family Racing.

title: Michael McDowell (racing driver)


question: i was a great islamic scholar and mathematician who died in 1131 ce

answers: Omar Khayyam

title: Omar Khayyam

text: Nishapur owing to his declining health. Upon his return, he seemed to have lived the life of a recluse. Khayyam died in 1131, and is buried in the Khayyam Garden. Khayyam was famous during his life as a mathematician. His surviving mathematical works include: "A commentary on the difficulties concerning the postulates of Euclid's Elements" (, completed in December 1077), "On the division of a quadrant of a circle" (, undated but completed prior to the treatise on algebra), and "On proofs for problems concerning Algebra" (, most likely completed in 1079). He furthermore wrote a treatise on extracting the

title: Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

text: Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī ( 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din Tusi (; or simply Tusi in the West), was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian. He is often considered the creator of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right. He was a Twelver Muslim. The Muslim scholar Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) considered Tusi to be the greatest of the later Persian scholars. Nasir al-Din Tusi was born in the city of Tus in medieval Khorasan (northeastern Iran) in the year 1201 and began his

title: Mu'izzi

text: Mu'izzi Amīr ash-Shu‘arā’ Abū Abdullāh Muḥammad b. ‘Abd al-Malik Mu‘izzī (also written "Mu'ezzi") of Neyshāpūr (born Nisa 1048 CE, died 1125) was a Persian poet. He ranks as one of the great masters of the Persian panegyric form known as "qasideh". Mu‘izzī's father, ‘Abd al-Malik Burhānī, was poet laureate of Sanjar under Malik Shāh I and Sultān Sanjar. His son followed, self-consciously, in his footsteps, styling himself as his father's deputy ("nāyib") and inheriting his role. He was renowned both in his own time and to later scholarship. His surviving "divan" extends to 18,000 distichs. Anvari accuses Mu'izzi of copying

title: Abu Nasr Mansur

text: on math, but some of his writings were on astronomy. In mathematics, he had many important writings on trigonometry, which were developed from the writings of Ptolemy. He also preserved the writings of Menelaus of Alexandria and reworked many of the Greeks theorems. He died in the Ghaznavid Empire (modern-day Afghanistan) near the city of Ghazna. Abu Nasr Mansur Abu Nasri Mansur ibn Ali ibn Iraq (; c. 960 – 1036) was a Persian Muslim mathematician and astronomer. He is well known for his work with the spherical sine law. Abu Nasr Mansur was born in Gilan, Persia, to the

title: Jabir ibn Aflah

text: Jabir ibn Aflah Abū Muḥammad Jābir ibn Aflaḥ (, ; 1100–1150) was an Arab Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville, who was active in 12th century al-Andalus. His work "Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭi" (Correction of the "Almagest") influenced Islamic, Jewish, and Christian astronomers. This work is a commentary and reworking of Ptolemy's "Almagest" and is the first criticism of it in the Islamic West. He particularly criticized the mathematical basis of the work. For example, he replaced the use of Menelaus' theorem with ones based on spherical trigonometry, in what seems to be an attempt to increase the mathematical precision of the

title: Ahmad ibn Munim al-Abdari

text: the first book in the history of mathematics to devote a whole chapter to combinatorial problems. Ahmad ibn Munim al-Abdari Ahmad ibn Ibrahim ibn Ali ibn Munim al-Abdari (; died 1228) was a mathematician, originally from Dénia in Andalusia. He lived and taught in Marrakesh where he was known as one of the best scholars in geometry and number theory. He is often confused with Muhammad ibn 'Abd al Mun'im, a different mathematician who worked in the court of Roger II of Sicily. Only three of his many mathematical texts are known today; one on magic squares, one on geometry

title: Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam

text: Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam Abu Kamil made important contributions to algebra and geometry. He was the first Islamic mathematician to work easily with algebraic equations with powers higher than formula_1 (up to formula_2), and solved sets of non-linear simultaneous equations with three unknown variables. He wrote all problems rhetorically, and some of his books lacked any mathematical notation beside those of integers. For example, he uses the Arabic expression "māl māl shayʾ" ("square-square-thing") for formula_3 (i.e., formula_4). The muslim encyclopedist Ibn Khaldūn classified Abū Kāmil as the second greatest algebraist chronologically after al-Khwarizmi. Almost nothing is known about the

title: 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i

text: 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i Abd al-'Aziz ibn Muhammad al-Qahiri al-Wafa'i known as Ibn al-Aqba'i (1408–1471) was an Egyptian astronomer and mathematician in the 15th century. He was born in 811 H.E. (1408 AD) and died in 876 H.E (1471 AD). Some sources say that he died in 874 or 879 H.E. He was a student of Ibn al-Majdi and Nur al-din al-Naqqash. He became a time keeper at the Mu'ayyad Mosque in Cairo. He also became the chief of the time keepers of the Azhar mosque and the Maridani Mosque. He was interested in the calculation of the local times of

title: Science in the medieval Islamic world

text: By the second half of the ninth century, Islamic mathematicians were already making contributions to the most sophisticated parts of Greek geometry. Islamic mathematics reached its apogee in the Eastern part of the Islamic world between the tenth and twelfth centuries. Most mathematical works were written in Arabic, others in Persian. al-Khwarizmi (8th–9th centuries), considered the greatest mathematician of Islamic civilization, was instrumental in the adoption of the Indian numbering system. He developed algebra, which also had Indian antecedents, introduced methods of simplifying equations, and used Euclidean geometry in his proofs. Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (801–873) worked on cryptography for the

title: Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

text: of Technology in Iran and Observatory of Shamakhy in the Republic of Azerbaijan are also named after him. In February 2013, Google celebrated his 812th birthday with a doodle, which was accessible in its websites with Arabic language calling him "al-farsi" (the Persian). Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī ( 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din Tusi (; or simply Tusi in the West), was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian. He is often considered the creator of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right. He

title: Abu-Mahmud Khojandi

text: n = 3, but his attempted proof of the theorem was incorrect. The spherical law of sines may have also been discovered by Khujandi, but it is uncertain whether he discovered it first, or whether Abu Nasr Mansur, Abul Wafa or Nasir al-Din al-Tusi discovered it first. Abu-Mahmud Khojandi Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn Khidr Khojandi (known as Abu Mahmood Khojandi, Alkhujandi or al-Khujandi, Persian: ابومحمود خجندی, c. 940 - 1000) was a Central Asian astronomer and mathematician who lived in the late 10th century and helped build an observatory, near the city of Ray (near today's Tehran), in Iran. He

title: Ahmad al-Buni

text: Ahmad al-Buni Ahmad ibn ‘Ali al-Buni (), also called Sharaf al-Din or Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Buni al-Maliki al-ifriqi (born in Annaba, Algeria died 1225) was an Arab mathematician and a well known Sufi and writer on the esoteric value of letters and topics relating to mathematics, "sihr" (sorcery) and spirituality, but very little is known about him. Al-Buni lived in Egypt and learned from many eminent Sufi masters of his time. A contemporary of Ibn Arabi, he is best known for writing one of the most important books of his era; the "Shams al-Ma'arif", a book

title: Abu al-Jud

text: Abu al-Jud Abū al-Jūd, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. al-Layth was an Iranian mathematician. He lived during 10th century and was a contemporary of Al-Biruni. Not much is known about his life. He seems to have lived in the east of Khurasan, within Samanid territory. Sa'id al-Andalusi claimed that he lived in Valencia (Balansiya) and died in 1014 or 1015, but other sources didn't mention these information. It is likely that he became a scribe after acquiring basic knowledge on mathematics. In the 10th century, Abu al-Jud used conics to solve quartic and cubic equations, a century before the more famous

title: Mathematics in medieval Islam

text: name of which is derived from the Arabic word meaning completion or "reunion of broken parts", flourished during the Islamic golden age. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, a scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, is along with the Greek mathematician Diophantus, known as the father of algebra. In his book "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing", Al-Khwarizmi deals with ways to solve for the positive roots of first and second degree (linear and quadratic) polynomial equations. He also introduces the method of reduction, and unlike Diophantus, gives general solutions for the equations he deals with. Al-Khwarizmi's

title: Ibn Sahl (mathematician)

text: Ibn Sahl (mathematician) Ibn Sahl (full name "Abū Saʿd al-ʿAlāʾ ibn Sahl" ; c. 940–1000) was a Muslim Persian mathematician and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age, associated with the Buwayhid court of Baghdad. Nothing in his name allows us to glimpse his country of origin. He is known to have written an optical treatise around 984. The text of this treatise was reconstructed by Roshdi Rashed from two manuscripts (edited 1993).: Damascus, al-Ẓāhirīya MS 4871, 3 fols., and Tehran, Millī MS 867, 51 fols. The Tehran manuscript is much longer, but it is badly damaged, and the Damascus ms.

title: Ibn al-Yasamin

text: important work is "Talqih al-afkar bi rushum huruf al-ghubar" (Fertilization of Thoughts with the Help of Dust Letters (Hindu Numerals)). It is a book of two hundred folios about (among other things) the science of calculation and geometry. He also wrote three poems (urzaja), one on algebra, one on irrational quadratic numbers and one on the method of false position. Ibn al-Yasamin Abu Muhammad 'Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Hajjaj ibn al-Yasmin al-Adrini al-Ishbili (died 1204) more commonly known as ibn al-Yasmin, was Berber mathematician. His place of birth is unknown, but he received his education in Sevilla, Spain. Little is

title: Abū al‐ʿUqūl

text: Yemen during the time of the Rasulid Sultan al-Ashraf Umar II and was contemporary to another famous astronomer Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr al‐Fārisī. Abū al‐ʿUqūl Abū al‐ʿUqūl Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al‐Ṭabarī (flourished in Yemen during the 14th century) was a leading astronomer in Ta'izz and the first teacher of astronomy at the Muʾayyadiyya Madrasa. Of Iranian origin, he is known for compiling the largest single corpus of tables for astronomical timekeeping in a specific latitude during medieval times, with over 100,000 entries. Another interesting feature of his work was determining the latitude of Ta'izz as 13° 37' (where the actual

title: Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi

text: the calculator's craving"). He included sections on arithmetic and algebraic methods. He is also the author of "Kulliyat", a short work on legal questions and judgements in the Maliki madhab. Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi Abu Abdallah Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Muhammad Ibn Ghazi al-'Utmani al-Miknasi (1437–1513) was a Moroccan scholar in the field of history, Islamic law, Arabic philology and mathematics. He was born in Meknes from banu uthman, a clan in the Berber kutama tribe, but spent his life in Fez. Ibn Ghazi wrote a three-volume history of Meknes and a commentary to the treatise of Ibn al-Banna, "Munyat al-hussab".

title: Al-Muqtadir

text: many names that would become famous in the world of literature and science lived during this and the following reigns. Among the best known are: Ishaq ibn Hunayn (d. 911) (son of Hunayn ibn Ishaq), a physician and translator of Greek philosophical works into Arabic; ibn Fadlan, explorer; al Battani (d. 923), astronomer; Tabari (d. 923), historian and theologian; al-Razi (d. 930), a philosopher who made fundamental and lasting contributions to the fields of medicine and chemistry; al-Farabi (d. 950), chemist and philosopher; Abu Nasr Mansur (d. 1036), mathematician; Alhazen (d. 1040), mathematician; al-Biruni (d. 1048), mathematician, astronomer, physicist; Omar

title: Mathematics in medieval Islam

text: on the Indian numerals introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world. His "Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations. In Renaissance Europe, he was considered the original inventor of algebra, although it is now known that his work is based on older Indian or Greek sources. He revised Ptolemy's "Geography" and wrote on astronomy and astrology. However, C.A. Nallino suggests that al-Khwarizmi's original work was not based on Ptolemy but on a derivative world map, presumably in Syriac or Arabic. The spherical law of sines was

title: Mu'izzi

text: the verses of other poets (which cannot be proven for certain), yet Anvari himself is known to have copied Mu'izzi's verses. Mu'izzi is said to have died by the arrow shot at him by the King's son in 1125 CE for reasons unknown. He was accidentally shot by Sanjar. Mu'izzi Amīr ash-Shu‘arā’ Abū Abdullāh Muḥammad b. ‘Abd al-Malik Mu‘izzī (also written "Mu'ezzi") of Neyshāpūr (born Nisa 1048 CE, died 1125) was a Persian poet. He ranks as one of the great masters of the Persian panegyric form known as "qasideh". Mu‘izzī's father, ‘Abd al-Malik Burhānī, was poet laureate of Sanjar

title: Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī

text: Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī Tusi was probably born in Tus, Iran. Little is known about his life, except what is found in the biographies of other scientists. Around 1165, he moved to Damascus and taught mathematics there. He then lived in Aleppo for three years, before moving to Mosul, where he met his most famous disciple Kamal al-Din ibn Yunus (1156-1242). This Kamal al-Din would later become the teacher of another famous mathematician from Tus, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. According to Ibn Abi Usaibi'a, Sharaf al-Din was "outstanding in geometry and the mathematical sciences, having no equal in his time". Sharaf al-Din

title: Mathematics in medieval Islam

text: Mathematics in medieval Islam Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built on Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta). Important progress was made, such as the full development of the decimal place-value system to include decimal fractions, the first systematised study of algebra (named for "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" by scholar Al-Khwarizmi), and advances in geometry and trigonometry. Arabic works also played an important role in the transmission of mathematics to Europe during the 10th to 12th centuries. The study of algebra, the

title: Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī

text: "Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta", into Arabic as "Az-Zīj ‛alā Sinī al-‛Arab"., or the "Sindhind". This translation was possibly the vehicle by means of which the Hindu numerals were transmitted from India to Islam. Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Samra ibn Jundab al-Fazari (died 796 or 806) was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He is not to be confused with his father Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer and mathematician. Some sources refer to him as an Arab, other sources state that he was a Persian. Al-Fazārī translated many scientific books into Arabic and Persian. He is credited to

title: Muhammad I Tapar

text: I had Ahmad imprisoned for ten years. Muhammad I died in 1118 and was succeeded by Mahmud II, although after Muhammad II's death Sanjar was clearly the chief power in the Seljuq realms. <br> Muhammad I Tapar Muhammad I (also known as Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad or Muhammad Tapar, died 1118) was a son of Seljuq Sultan Malik Shah I. In Turkish, Tapar means "he who obtains, finds". He succeeded his nephew, Malik Shah II, as Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad, and thus was theoretically the head of the dynasty, although his brother Ahmed Sanjar in Khorasan held more practical power. Muhammad

title: Bahmanyār

text: Bahmanyār Abul-Ḥasan Bahmanyār ibn Marzubān Salari 'Ajamī Aḍarbāyijānī, known as Bahmanyār (died 1067) lived during the Sallarid Dynasty and was a famous pupil of Avicenna. He was of Persian Zoroastrian background, though he later converted to Islam. His knowledge of Arabic was not perfect. His correspondence with Avicenna and his master's answers to his questions were compiled in the book "Mubahathat" (dialogues). His main work, the "Ketab al-tahasil," which summarises Avicenna's logic, physics and metaphysics was written in Isfahan between 1024 and 1037 and dedicated to his uncle, the Zoroastrian Abu Mansur b. Bahram b. Khurshid b. Yazdyar. Bayhaqi also

title: Muhyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī

text: horoscopes and planetary conjunctions used to tell the future. Muhyi al-Din is most known for his works in trigonometry, "Book on the theorem of Menelaus", "Treatise on the calculation of sines". He is also known for his commentaries on classic Greek mathematical works, in particular, his commentary on Book XV of "Elements" about measurements of the regular polyhedra. His writings on trigonometry "contain certain original elements". Muhyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī Muḥyī al‐Milla wa al‐Dīn Yaḥyā Abū ʿAbdallāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī al‐Shukr al‐Maghribī al‐Andalusī (; died 1283 CE) was an Andalusī astronomer, astrologer and mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. He

title: Al-Khazini

text: Al-Khazini Abū al-Fath Abd al-Rahman Mansūr al-Khāzini or simply al-Khāzini (, flourished 1115–1130) was an astronomer of Greek origin from Seljuk Persia. His astronomical tables written under the patronage of Sultan Sanjar ("", 1115) is considered to be one of the major works in mathematical astronomy of the medieval period. He provided the positions of fixed stars, and for oblique ascensions and time-equations for the latitude of Marv in which he was based. He also wrote extensively on various calendrical systems and on the various manipulations of the calendars. He was the author of an encyclopedia on scales and water-balances.

title: Bahmanyār

text: writes that he wrote a book on logic and one on music and other works are attributed to him. Bahmanyār Abul-Ḥasan Bahmanyār ibn Marzubān Salari 'Ajamī Aḍarbāyijānī, known as Bahmanyār (died 1067) lived during the Sallarid Dynasty and was a famous pupil of Avicenna. He was of Persian Zoroastrian background, though he later converted to Islam. His knowledge of Arabic was not perfect. His correspondence with Avicenna and his master's answers to his questions were compiled in the book "Mubahathat" (dialogues). His main work, the "Ketab al-tahasil," which summarises Avicenna's logic, physics and metaphysics was written in Isfahan between 1024

title: Omar Khayyam

text: Omar Khayyam (Persian pronunciation: [xæjˈjɑːm]; عمر خیّام  (Persian); 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet.

title: Omar Khayyam


question: where does sleeping freshmen never lie take place

answers: J.P. Zenger High

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: "most readers will find plenty of amusing, accurate observations about freshman life, from the insecurities of first dates to the dangers of walking the hall between classes". Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie is a 2005 young adult novel by David Lubar. It is a story about the high school experiences of a fourteen-year-old boy named Scott Hudson. The book was one of the ALA's book picks for 2006. "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie" follows the character of Scott Hudson as he attempts to survive high school and attract the attention of his crush Julia, a girl who recently

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie is a 2005 young adult novel by David Lubar. It is a story about the high school experiences of a fourteen-year-old boy named Scott Hudson. The book was one of the ALA's book picks for 2006. "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie" follows the character of Scott Hudson as he attempts to survive high school and attract the attention of his crush Julia, a girl who recently became beautiful. If dealing with school activities and growing up isn't stressful enough, Scott's mother has announced that she's going to have a baby. In an attempt

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: book was "Fresh, funny and perfectly plausible as a demonstration of various writing exercises for classroom use, but only if you like laughter." AudioFile praised the production values of the audio version. The School Library Journal called "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie" "an excellent choice for public and school libraries". Publishers Weekly wrote that the book "strains too hard to be clever" and that "most readers will breathe a sigh of relief when the gimmicks start to fade". Booklist criticized "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", stating that it "delivers too many messages as Scott learns one important lesson after another" but that

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he is not in classes with his friends since he is carrying all honors and college prep classes. He tries his best from the very start to get the attention of Julia Baskins, a girl who was in his kindergarten class and has recently

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: comes to school in October. She sports bright green short chopped hair, lots of piercings, some of which are actually safety pins, and wears all black. Her and Scott start to get along after bonding about poetry and literature talked about in their honors English class. She is misunderstood by everyone in school and is often bullied for her appearance. Scott protects her when there is a threat posted on her locker and each time after in the book. She proves to be the best friend Scott has because of their similar interests. Wesley Cobble: A senior who is feared

title: Dorm Life

text: lives of actual college freshmen. It takes place almost entirely within their dorm floor, 5 South. Each character has a webcam for the purpose of individual reflection or addresses to the audience. There are also separate webcam clips aside from those of the main episodes, as well as profiles maintained by each character on the website's "community lounge," with interactions between them and with fans on the website's forum. Dorm Life Dorm Life is a mockumentary web series created by former students of UCLA. It follows the fictional lives of the inhabitants of the college dorm floor 5 South. It

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: his sibling, and growing apart from his friends as they find their own space in high school. Scott learns a lot about himself throughout his freshmen year as well. He learns about standing up for himself and what it means to be a good friend. Actions have Consequences: Another theme is that actions have consequences. Scott has to grow up to be able to make the decisions in life, yet sometimes it can lead to consequences. Critical reception for "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie" was mixed to positive, with TeenReads praising the character of Scott Hudson. Kirkus Reviews wrote that the

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: much to say. Halfway through their freshmen year, he has to move away to Texas and then to Japan because of his father's job. Mouth: A kid who has been in Scott's classes since kindergarten. Louden is his real name, but nobody ever mentions him by anything other than Mouth. He is called Mouth because he never stops talking and often finds himself in sticky situations because of this word vomit. He thinks he is always doing what is best but it often will get someone in trouble because he doesn't know better. Due to stress and rejection, Mouth tries

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: wins a seat, only to find out that she has not won. Because of this, Scott resigns from his position on the student council. It turns out that a lot of other members also resigned including the president, meaning Julia who happened to have the second most votes is now president. He also auditions for the school play and is selected as a member of the crew, thinking that Julia is also auditioning for the play. However, Julia has not been selected as a member of the cast or crew. Soon, a new girl named Lee arrives at school, who

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: There are several brothers in the book as well as bonds that are like brothers.There is the weak bond between Scott and his older brother Bobby; the hate bond that Scott has with his soon-to-be baby brother or sister; the bond between Scott and his childhood friends that slowly diminishes; the new bond between Scott and Wesley; and the faint bond between Scott and his AP English teacher. Growing Up: An obvious theme for a book about going from middle school to high school. Scott deals with fitting in, dealing with stress, a new baby on the way to be

title: Digital Exploration of Interior Design

text: is in a sleep lab, and Troy and Abed are in the dorms with plans to construct a pillow fort. Pierce comes across information in the Greendale bylaws and calls the Dean over. The rules states that a Greendale student must have partial ownership of any commercial business on campus. A young man then introduces himself as Subway and explains that he is both a student and corporate representative. Later, Jeff is following Annie and asking her to let him in on the sleep lab as he believes it to be another blow off class. He is surprised to learn

title: Saint Mary's College of California

text: shared bathrooms). The only exceptions are Aquinas hall which has students live in suites with their own bathroom, and the first floor of Assumption, which is coeducational with separate bathrooms for each sex. Currently, first years living on campus are guaranteed a spot on campus for their second year. Sophomores live in Becket Hall, More Hall, North and South Claeys Halls, and Ageno A, B, and C Halls. All of these halls are "suite" style living and each suite comes with three or four bedrooms, accommodates six students, and has its own bathroom and shower. Floors on suite buildings are

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: in honors classes while his childhood friends are in less advanced classes, becomes involved in many activities in school and ends up making some very interesting friends throughout his freshmen year. Julia Baskins: A girl who was in kindergarten with Scott. Scott refers to her at first sight as "an honest-to-goodness goddess". She shares an honors English course with Scott and often says the things he is thinking which only increases his admiration for her. She is extremely intelligent and kind but finds her place with the popular girls and pays no attention to Scott. Lee: A new girl that

title: UIUC Residence Halls

text: these halls are not required to purchase a meal plan. In lieu of privately owned apartments, the housing department also offers apartments instead of traditional dormitories. These apartments are most commonly utilized by graduate students, students with families, and faculty. Freshman cannot live in these apartments. Orchard Downs is located about a mile from campus, Goodwin-Green is located near the Illinois Street Residence Halls, and Ashton Woods is located near the university's research park. There are a number of private residence halls around campus, as well as a few houses that are outside of the Greek system and offer a

title: Someone Else's Summer

text: sleeping at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. Cameron and Anna head there but Anna is surprised when she contacts her aunt and learns that despite being accepted into her dream college Storm never sent the cheque to secure her down payment on the university. She and Cameron go to the Carolina Beach Lake Park to the dive-in theatre and learn that it was destroyed by Hurricane Irene and never rebuilt. Sleeping in the dorm, Anna is suspicious about why Storm wanted to spend a night there despite the fact that she was supposed to spend the following year

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: by most of the other students in the school. He often shakes down freshmen for their loose change and lunch money. Wesley befriends Scott after Scott lies to him about why he was in the principal's office. He then bonds with Scott over good books and unexpected food favorites like hot cocoa with little marshmallows. He becomes an older brother figure for Scott. Bobby Hudson: Scott's older brother. He comes and goes, often looking like he was dragged through the mud whenever he shows up again. He is a good brother to Scott but never very present. Used to be

title: University of Notre Dame residence halls

text: cookie contest, and a horse-drawn carriage from LaFortune student center all the way to Carroll. Previously, into the mid-1990s, Carroll Hall held an annual haunted house on the Friday closest to Halloween. Cavanaugh Hall is located directly south of Zahm Hall and is directly north of Lafortune Student Center. Cavanaugh houses around 200 undergraduate students. Even in the cold of winter, girls need not trek far to make their way around campus since the dorm is centrally located. The dorm boasts rooms with private bathrooms as well as a stellar view of the golden dome. Cavanaugh was originally built as

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: to commit suicide by hanging himself, but survives, and is then transferred to a different school. Mitch: One of Scott's three childhood friends. He quickly gets a girlfriend coming into high school and ignores his friends from that point on. Vernon: A member of the school football team and Julia's boyfriend, Vernon is tough and sometimes bullies other people. He gets angry when there is no mention of him in the school paper. He then beats Scott up when he finds out about his crush on Julia. Because of this however, Julia dumps him and starts dating someone else. Brotherhood:

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: starts dating a nicer guy, though she is now close to Scott enough to give him a kiss on the cheek. Scott Hudson: Scott is the main protagonist and narrator. A young boy who starts off in the novel transitioning from middle school to high school. At the start he struggles to keep up with the level of homework, dealing with upperclassmen, and maintaining a relationship with his friends. On top of all that, he also finds himself crushing on a girl who he previously didn't notice. Scott is very well-read and smart. He starts off in high school being

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: to it. In his entries to the baby, he often shows disdain by using degrading terms to talk to it such as "Smelly" or "Blob of unformed goo". But he writes it to be a good older brother to this new baby since Scott's own brother was rarely present. As time goes by, Scott tries to find his place, but he starts to lose his best friends. Mitch finds a girlfriend and soon forgets the group, Patrick moves to Texas, then to Japan, and Kyle joins the wrestling team and soon puts Scott down for having a crush on Julia.

title: Campus of New York University

text: placed in the halls closest to the main campus area. Therefore, historically, most of the students who lived in dorms found off-campus were sophomores. However, beginning in the fall 2006 semester, sophomores received priority housing, giving them first choice of residence halls. The purpose of this initiative was to keep the sophomore class together in the Union Square area. As a result, the junior class (class of 2008) and the senior class (class of 2007) never benefited from first choice as sophomores or seniors. The university operates its own transit system to transport its students, by bus or trolley, to

title: Penn State Erie, The Behrend College

text: Behrend freshmen live in Lawrence, Niagara or Perry Halls. Some students live in Senat Hall, which is reserved for upperclassmen. Honors students live in Ohio Hall and Almy Hall. In 2018 the campus saw the addition of the newest building, Trippe Hall. Sophomores, juniors, and seniors often opt to live in 8 person/4 bedroom suites in Tiffany, Tigress, and Porcupine Halls. On-campus apartments are also available at the Behrend Apartments, located in the upper section of the main campus area. These apartment buildings include Ariel Hall, Caledonia Hall, Champlin Hall, Elliott Hall, Packet Hall, Scorpion Hall, Somers Hall, Turner Hall,

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

text: wears face pins and weird clothes, and has wildly colored hair. Both soon realize that they share the same interests, but he cannot get past his crush on Julia. Scott suddenly has another "friend" named Wesley, a high school senior. Though they share some interests, they have little in common. Then to put the cherry on top of all this excitement going on in his life, his mother announces that she is pregnant. He copes with all of this by creating a tip book for his soon-to-be baby sibling to help him, or her, survive high school when they get

title: Christopher Newport University

text: Campus" and is primarily used to house upper-class students. Residence halls on campus are usually segregated into the class of student living in them. In the recent years, new policies have been enacted that require all freshman and sophomore students to live in an on campus housing facility, unless they live in the commuting zone. Starting with the class of 2014, all students must live on campus during the junior year in addition to their freshman and sophomore years. The oldest housing facility on campus is Santoro Hall. Opened in 1992, the hall was named in honor of then President

title: Princeton University

text: are comparable, but only residential colleges have dining halls. Nonetheless, any undergraduate may purchase a meal plan and eat in a residential college dining hall. Recently, upperclassmen have been given the option of remaining in their college for all four years. Juniors and seniors also have the option of living off-campus, but high rent in the Princeton area encourages almost all students to live in university housing. Undergraduate social life revolves around the residential colleges and a number of coeducational eating clubs, which students may choose to join in the spring of their sophomore year. Eating clubs, which are not

title: New York University residence halls

text: the lottery system and are by tradition placed in the halls closest to the main campus area. Therefore, historically, most of the students who lived in halls found far from Washington Square were sophomores. However, beginning in the fall 2006 semester, sophomores received priority housing, giving them first choice of residence halls. The purpose of this initiative was to keep the sophomore class together in the Union Square area. As a result, that year's junior class (class of 2008) and senior class (class of 2007) never benefited from having first choice, either as seniors under the old system or sophomores

title: Freshmen (comics)

text: Freshmen (comics) Freshmen is a comic book series published by Top Cow, co-created by Seth Green and Hugh Sterbakov. The publication is marketed as "The adventures of college freshmen with extraordinary powers." Issue #1 was dated June 8, 2005. "Freshmen II" was released between November 2006 and July 2007. Fourteen college freshmen are cast out of the main dormitory and forced to live in temporary housing in the Boughl Science Building where they are given superhuman powers by the "ax-cell-erator" after an explosion. Dr. Theodore Tomlinson asks for the help of the super-powered freshmen to repair the device. Kenneth "Norrin"

title: Saint Benedict's Preparatory School

text: Acting, Physics, Intense Exercising, karate, and cooking. Freshmen don't have a choice. At the end of the Freshmen Year, Freshmen spend a week together. They sleep in tents. Freshman team members take turns cooking for one another, preparing food they have carried on their backs. The Backpacking Project is a five-day trek over of the Appalachian Trail in the mountains of western New Jersey. Freshmen form themselves into 16 teams of eight members each and elect a leader. Upon selecting a leader they also make decisions for the rest of available positions, which are the camping specialists(2), the cooks (2),

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

title: Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

long_answer: Scott Hudson enters J.P. Zenger High as a freshman, along with his three best friends, Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle, and quickly realizes that it is very different from middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he's not in classes with his friends since he's carrying all honors and college prep classes. He tries his best from the very start to get the attention of Julia Baskins, a girl who was in his kindergarten class and has recently become very beautiful over the summer. Because of her beauty she quickly blends in with the popular girls and is attracted to the football players who are often bullying Scott. Scott is also connected to another classmate named Louden, who is better known as Mouth. Scott tries every attempt to get Julia's attention such as joining the school paper, because he thinks that she is part of the staff, only to discover that she has written only a single column for the paper. He then runs for student council, after finding out that Julia is also running as well, and wins a seat, only to find out that she has not won. Because of this, Scott resigns from his position on the student council. It turns out that a lot of other members also resigned including the president meaning Julia who happened to have the 2nd most amount of votes is now president. He also auditions for the school play and is selected as a member of the crew, thinking that Julia is also auditioning for the play. However, Julia has not been selected as a member of the cast or crew. Soon, a new girl named Lee arrives at school, who wears face pins and weird clothes, and has wildly colored hair. Both soon realize that they share the same interests, but he can't get past his crush on Julia. Scott suddenly has another "friend" named Wesley, a high school senior. Though they share some interests, they have little in common. Then to put the cherry on top of all this excitement going on in his life, his mother announces that she is pregnant. He copes with all of this by creating a tip book for his soon-to-be baby sibling to help him, or her, survive high school when they get to it. In his entries to the baby, he often shows disdain by using degrading terms to talk to it such as "Smelly" or "Blob of unformed goo". But he writes it to be a good older brother to this new baby since Scott's own brother was never very present. As time goes by, Scott tries to find his place, but he starts to lose his best friends. Mitch finds a girlfriend and soon forgets the group, Patrick moves to Texas, then to Japan, and Kyle joins the wrestling team and soon puts Scott down for having a crush on Julia. Soon, Julia's boyfriend Vernon beats up Scott after finding out from Kyle (who lost a fight with Scott) that Scott has a crush on his girlfriend. Scott realizes that what a person says and does can affect the life of another after Mouth attempts to commit suicide. Later, he learns that not everything is what it seems once he finds out that his older brother, Bobby, who is struggling to find a job, can barely read. Scott's mother eventually gives birth to a new baby boy, whom they name Sean. Meanwhile, Bobby finds a job through guitar-playing and Julia eventually starts dating a nicer guy, though she is now close to Scott enough to give him a kiss on the cheek.