question: how many levels are there on the eiffel tower

answers: three

title: Eiffel Tower

text: a seasonal ice rink on the first level. A glass floor was installed on the first level during the 2014 refurbishment. The puddled iron (wrought iron) of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tons, and the addition of lifts, shops and antennae have brought the total weight to approximately 10,100 tons. As a demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7,300 tons of metal in the structure were melted down, it would fill the square base, on each side, to a depth of only assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8 tons per cubic metre. Additionally, a cubic

title: Eiffel Tower

text: football tournament in Paris in June. The apartment has a kitchen, two bedrooms, a lounge, and views of Paris landmarks including the Seine, the Sacre Coeur, and the Arc de Triomphe. The arrangement of the lifts has been changed several times during the tower's history. Given the elasticity of the cables and the time taken to align the cars with the landings, each lift, in normal service, takes an average of 8 minutes and 50 seconds to do the round trip, spending an average of 1 minute and 15 seconds at each level. The average journey time between levels is

title: Eiffel Tower

text: Parisian window always includes the tower. In reality, since zoning restrictions limit the height of most buildings in Paris to seven storeys, only a small number of tall buildings have a clear view of the tower. Maintenance of the tower includes applying 60 tons of paint every seven years to prevent it from rusting. The tower has been completely repainted at least 19 times since it was built. Lead paint was still being used as recently as 2001 when the practice was stopped out of concern for the environment. The nearest Paris Métro station is Bir-Hakeim and the nearest RER

title: Eiffel Tower

text: to explain various features. Most of the party chose to stop at the lower levels, but a few, including the structural engineer, Émile Nouguier, the head of construction, Jean Compagnon, the President of the City Council, and reporters from "Le Figaro" and "Le Monde Illustré", completed the ascent. At 2:35 pm, Eiffel hoisted a large Tricolour to the accompaniment of a 25-gun salute fired at the first level. There was still work to be done, particularly on the lifts and facilities, and the tower was not opened to the public until nine days after the opening of the exposition on

title: Eiffel Tower

text: station is Champ de Mars-Tour Eiffel. The tower itself is located at the intersection of the quai Branly and the Pont d'Iéna. More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889. In 2015, there were 6.91 million visitors. The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world. An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues. The tower has two restaurants: on the first level, and , a gourmet restaurant with its own lift on the second level. This restaurant has one star in the Michelin

title: Independence Day (video game)

text: missiles. Each new level brings a sense of deja vu that can make the Eiffel Tower level feel the same as the Grand Canyon [level]." Toxic Tommy of "GamePro" additionally found the gameplay overly cramped due to the boundaries set by the alien mothership, the buildings on the ground, and the surrounding force field, and assessed the game as too easy to provide any longevity for flight combat fans. However, he added that "mid-level jet jocks who give this game a chance could find that Independence is worth fighting for." IGN was far more harsh, claiming "grainy and undefined" graphics

title: Eiffel Tower

text: Eiffel's safety precautions and the use of movable gangways, guardrails and screens. Equipping the tower with adequate and safe passenger lifts was a major concern of the government commission overseeing the Exposition. Although some visitors could be expected to climb to the first level, or even the second, lifts clearly had to be the main means of ascent. Constructing lifts to reach the first level was relatively straightforward: the legs were wide enough at the bottom and so nearly straight that they could contain a straight track, and a contract was given to the French company Roux, Combaluzier & Lepape

title: Eiffel Tower

text: 1900 "Exposition Universelle", the lifts in the east and west legs were replaced by lifts running as far as the second level constructed by the French firm Fives-Lille. These had a compensating mechanism to keep the floor level as the angle of ascent changed at the first level, and were driven by a similar hydraulic mechanism to the Otis lifts, although this was situated at the base of the tower. Hydraulic pressure was provided by pressurised accumulators located near this mechanism. At the same time the lift in the north pillar was removed and replaced by a staircase to the

title: Eiffel Tower

text: from the cylinder, the water was pumped back up to the reservoir by two pumps in the machinery room at the base of the south leg. This reservoir also provided power to the lifts to the first level. The original lifts for the journey between the second and third levels were supplied by Léon Edoux. A pair of hydraulic rams were mounted on the second level, reaching nearly halfway up to the third level. One lift car was mounted on top of these rams: cables ran from the top of this car up to sheaves on the third level and

title: Eiffel Tower

text: level was more of a challenge because a straight track was impossible. No French company wanted to undertake the work. The European branch of Otis Brothers & Company submitted a proposal but this was rejected: the fair's charter ruled out the use of any foreign material in the construction of the tower. The deadline for bids was extended but still no French companies put themselves forward, and eventually the contract was given to Otis in July 1887. Otis were confident they would eventually be given the contract and had already started creating designs. The car was divided into two superimposed

title: Tower of Babel (1986 video game)

text: of the 64-story Tower of Babel. Upon reaching the Tower, he discovers that the only way to access the floors above him are to solve some challenging puzzles involving loose L-shaped blocks that he finds throughout the Tower. To his great surprise, the blocks are capable of balancing very well on top of one another, in order to form staircases. The player controls Indiana Borgnine through 64 levels, using L-shaped blocks and vines in order to reach the exit of each level. On some levels, the exit is blocked by a mask, and there are crystal balls throughout the level.

title: Millennium Palace

text: the end of the main volume of the building, or the top of the first floor of the Penthouse, or where the open pool is on the roof and where the last floor begins. Above this the Penthouse has one more floor plus the roof and the small version of the mini Eiffel tower. With the penthouse included, plus the roof over the same, it is tall in height. Above this, the building has a mini tower, small replica version of the Eiffel Tower at the top, on the roof below and going up. This small tower is tall in

title: Tour Montparnasse

text: station, the 59 floors of the tower are mainly occupied by offices. The 56th floor, with a restaurant called le Ciel de Paris, and the terrace on the top floor, are open to the public for viewing the city. The view covers a radius of ; aircraft can be seen taking off from Orly Airport. The guard rail, to which various antennae are attached, can be pneumatically lowered. The tower's simple architecture, large proportions and monolithic appearance have been often criticised for being out of place in Paris's urban landscape. As a result, two years after its completion the construction

title: Eiffel Tower

text: with Charles de Gaulle for the tower to be dismantled and temporarily relocated to Montreal to serve as a landmark and tourist attraction during Expo 67. The plan was allegedly vetoed by the company operating the tower out of fear that the French government could refuse permission for the tower to be restored in its original location. In 1982, the original lifts between the second and third levels were replaced after 97 years in service. These had been closed to the public between November and March because the water in the hydraulic drive tended to freeze. The new cars operate

title: Eiffel Tower

text: the top and bottom of the tower. He found more at the top than expected, incidentally discovering what are known today as cosmic rays. Just two years later, on 4 February 1912, Austrian tailor Franz Reichelt died after jumping from the first level of the tower (a height of 57 metres) to demonstrate his parachute design. In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, a radio transmitter located in the tower jammed German radio communications, seriously hindering their advance on Paris and contributing to the Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne. From 1925 to 1934, illuminated

title: Altitude (building)

text: on the 93rd floor. Above this, four levels of retail outlets totaling 8366 sq m exists, connected by 18 escalators. Levels 4 and 5 host the multiplex cinema with capacity for 1,420 viewers. The two entertainment decks within the 96 Iconic Tower are in levels 14 and 66 which include a library, indoor gaming centre, business centre, jogging track, children's play area, outdoor play area, lounge and coffee shop, gym, spa, outdoor yoga area, and sky decks. Levels 15–49, 51–64 and 67–90 are dedicated to residential developments, and there are seven service floors in total.The revolving restaurant is on levels

title: CIBC Tower

text: 15 and 29 are transfer floors; level 16 is a triple-height mechanical floor that is skipped in the floor numbering of the passenger elevators. Levels 42-44 are also mechanical floors; level 45 was originally an indoor observation deck but was closed in the 1970s. The top of the tower are actually an open-air raised partition, built sometime after construction, that hides the rooftop elevator control rooms. Without this extra structure, the actual roof height is , and approximately when counting the elevator penthouse. It is the fifth tallest building in Montreal, but an antenna raises the total height to ,

title: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Texas)

text: one tenth the height of the 1,063-foot original. A shiny red cowboy hat was added to the top of the spindle in 1998. The tower has 27 thirty-watt LED lights which are programmed by color according to season (red and green at Christmas), and used by announcements by expectant couples revealing the sex of their babies, pink (for girls) or blue (for boys). Eiffel Tower (Paris, Texas) Texas's Eiffel Tower is a landmark in the city of Paris, Texas. The tower was constructed in 1993. It is a model of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. This replica was built

title: Eiffel Tower

text: The critical stage of joining the legs at the first level was completed by the end of March 1888. Although the metalwork had been prepared with the utmost attention to detail, provision had been made to carry out small adjustments in order to precisely align the legs; hydraulic jacks were fitted to the shoes at the base of each leg, capable of exerting a force of 800 tonnes, and the legs were intentionally constructed at a slightly steeper angle than necessary, being supported by sandboxes on the scaffold. Although construction involved 300 on-site employees, only one person died, due to

title: Circus Charlie

text: levels in total. Levels 1, 2, 4 and 5 have 5 sublevels. Level 3 contains 7 sublevels. Each sublevel gets more difficult. Level 6 also has 5 sublevels, but repeats as long the user has lives. In the "Level Select" version of the game, the player can choose any of the stages to play, but only a limited number of times each, whereupon the level will become unselectable. There is no "ending" to the game—after the first five levels have each been played to their limit, the player then repeats the trapeze stage until all their lives are exhausted. In

title: Eiffel Tower

text: 2.5 million rivets. At first the legs were constructed as cantilevers, but about halfway to the first level, construction was paused in order to create a substantial timber scaffold. This renewed concerns about the structural integrity of the tower, and sensational headlines such as "Eiffel Suicide!" and "Gustave Eiffel Has Gone Mad: He Has Been Confined in an Asylum" appeared in the tabloid press. At this stage, a small "creeper" crane designed to move up the tower was installed in each leg. They made use of the guides for the lifts which were to be fitted in the four legs.

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: including Nouguier, Compagnon, the President of the City Council and reporters from "Le Figaro" and "Le Monde Illustré" completed the climb. At 2.35 Eiffel hoisted a large tricolour, to the accompaniment of a 25-gun salute fired from the lower level. By June construction had reached the second level platform, and on Bastille Day this was used for a fireworks display, and Eiffel held a celebratory banquet for the press on the first level platform. In 1887, Eiffel became involved with the French effort to construct a canal across the Panama Isthmus. The French Panama Canal Company, headed by Ferdinand de

title: Eiffel Tower

text: compartments, each holding 25 passengers, with the lift operator occupying an exterior platform on the first level. Motive power was provided by an inclined hydraulic ram long and in diameter in the tower leg with a stroke of : this moved a carriage carrying six sheaves. Five fixed sheaves were mounted higher up the leg, producing an arrangement similar to a block and tackle but acting in reverse, multiplying the stroke of the piston rather than the force generated. The hydraulic pressure in the driving cylinder was produced by a large open reservoir on the second level. After being exhausted

title: Eiffel Tower

text: series of acrobatic figures while bungee jumping from the second floor of the tower. Facing the Champ de Mars, Devaux used an electric winch between figures to go back up to the second floor. When firemen arrived, he stopped after the sixth jump. For its "Countdown to the Year 2000" celebration on 31 December 1999, flashing lights and high-powered searchlights were installed on the tower. Fireworks were set off all over it. An exhibition above a cafeteria on the first floor commemorates this event. The searchlights on top of the tower made it a beacon in Paris's night sky, and

title: Where's Waldo? (video game)

text: levels. The player's goal is to help Waldo get to the moon, by finding Waldo in various pictures in order to progress through the game. There are eight levels in the game. In the picture levels, the directional buttons control a magnifying glass and that must be placed over Waldo in order to "find" him and move to the next level and a new picture. In the easy and practice mode, the pictures are still images the size of the screen in the levels. In the Medium and Hard modes, the player has to scroll to the side to see

title: Scream! If You Know the Answer

text: ascends the tower, they can see a 4x4 board of panels on the ground, containing 8 pairs of symbols. Once at the top of the tower, the board is turned over, with each of the 16 panels being numbered. They must then shout out two numbers of what they think are matching symbols. If they are incorrect, or take longer than ten seconds to provide an answer, they are dropped from the top of the tower. Points are scored for each correctly matched pair. If they successfully match all 8 pairs, they are dropped anyway. Stop the Drop - Once

title: Eiffel Tower

text: back down to a second car. Each car only travelled half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers were required to change lifts halfway by means of a short gangway. The 10-ton cars each held 65 passengers. The main structural work was completed at the end of March 1889 and, on 31 March, Eiffel celebrated by leading a group of government officials, accompanied by representatives of the press, to the top of the tower. Because the lifts were not yet in operation, the ascent was made by foot, and took over an hour, with Eiffel stopping frequently

title: Eiffel (programming language)

text: machine- and operating-system level operations in C. Eiffel provides a straightforward interface to C routines, including support for "inline C" (writing the body of an Eiffel routine in C, typically for short machine-level operations). Although there is no direct connection between Eiffel and C, many Eiffel compilers (Visual Eiffel is one exception) output C source code as an intermediate language, to submit to a C compiler, for optimizing and portability. As such, they are examples of transcompilers. The Eiffel Compiler tecomp can execute Eiffel code directly (like an interpreter) without going via an intermediate C code or emit C code

title: Icy Tower

text: ends. It also ends if the player is standing on a floor that moves off the bottom of the screen. The goal is to reach the highest possible floor and accumulate the greatest number of points. Points are awarded based on the highest floor reached and the player's combos (if any). Because the tower is of infinite height, it is impossible to reach the top floor. When the game ends, a replay of the game may be saved for later viewing. The horizontal length of each floor depends on the player's progress, the version of the game, and a random

title: Eiffel Tower

text: The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels.  The top level's upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift (elevator) to the first and second levels. The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the climb from the first level to the second. Although there is a staircase to the top level, it is usually accessible only by lift.

title: Eiffel Tower


question: when will fairy tail final season be released

answers: 2018

title: Fairy Tail

text: English. On January 18, 2011, British anime distributor Manga Entertainment announced on Twitter that the company would release the anime series in bilingual format at the end of the year. On April 21, 2011, they had confirmed that the first volume with 12 episodes would be released in February 2012; however, they later announced that the first volume would be released on March 5, 2012. In 2011, North American anime distributor Funimation Entertainment announced that they had acquired the first season of the ongoing series. The series made its North American television debut on November 22, 2011 on the Funimation

title: Fairy Tail

text: Tail Zero", "Ice Trail", "Blue Mistral", "Fairy Girls", and all three installments of "Side Stories" are licensed for English release by Kodansha USA. A-1 Pictures, Dentsu Entertainment, and Satelight produced an anime adaptation of the manga. The anime, also titled "Fairy Tail" and directed by Shinji Ishihira, premiered on TV Tokyo on October 12, 2009. The series ended its run on March 30, 2013, with reruns beginning to air on April 4, 2013 under the title "Fairy Tail Best!". Forty-one DVD volumes containing four episodes each have been released. The Southeast Asian network Animax Asia aired the series locally in

title: Fairy Tail

text: "unexpected wrinkles in the story [...] keep the action from getting too stale," but calling the outcomes "predictable". Fairy Tail The manga has been adapted into an anime series produced by A-1 Pictures, Dentsu Inc., Satelight, Bridge, and CloverWorks which began broadcasting in Japan on October 12, 2009. Additionally, A-1 Pictures has developed seven original video animations and two animated feature films. The series ended its initial run on March 30, 2013. A second series premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2014, and ended on March 26, 2016. A third series of the anime series began airing on October

title: Fairy Tail

text: first volume of "Fairy Tail S: Tales from Fairy Tail" on October 24, 2017. The manga has also been licensed in other English-speaking countries. In the United Kingdom, the volumes are distributed by Turnaround Publisher Services. In Australia and New Zealand, the manga is distributed by Penguin Books Australia. Seven spin-off manga series based on "Fairy Tail" have been released. The first two series—"Fairy Tail Zero" by Mashima and "" by Yūsuke Shirato—were released with the launch of a monthly magazine titled "Monthly Fairy Tail Magazine" on July 17, 2014, and ended in the magazine's final issue published on July

title: Fairy Tail

text: for closed beta testing. The music for the anime was composed and arranged by Yasuharu Takanashi. Four original soundtrack CDs have been released, containing music from the anime: the first soundtrack volume was released on January 6, 2010, the second volume on July 7, 2010, the third soundtrack volume on July 6, 2011, and the fourth soundtrack volume on March 20, 2013. Character song singles were also produced; the first single, featuring Tetsuya Kakihara (Natsu) and Yuichi Nakamura (Gray) was released on February 17, while the second single, featuring Aya Hirano (Lucy) and Rie Kugimiya (Happy), was released on March

title: Fairy Tail

text: Channel. The anime is also licensed by Madman Entertainment, who streamed and simulcasted the series on AnimeLab in Australia and New Zealand Melanesian Region (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu), Polynesian Region (Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, and Tuvalu). On March 4, 2013, Mashima announced on his Twitter account that the anime would not end yet, and confirmed on July 11 that a sequel series was greenlit. The sequel series was officially confirmed in "Weekly Shonen Magazine" on December 28, 2013 with a special edition chapter. The sequel is produced by A-1 Pictures and Bridge, featuring character designs

title: Fairy Tail

text: released on September 16, 2016. The series was licensed for an English-language release in North America by Del Rey Manga. The company released the first volume of the series on March 25, 2008 and continued until the release of the 12th volume in September 2010. After Del Rey Manga shut down, Kodansha USA acquired the license and began publishing "Fairy Tail" volumes in May 2011. 61 English-language volumes have been published. Kodansha USA began publishing a larger omnibus version of the series in November 2015. Called "Fairy Tail: Master's Edition", each installment corresponds to five regular-sized volumes. They published the

title: Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry

text: 14, 2017, Funimation announced limited theatrical screenings of the film in North America. The film was screened on August 14, 2017 in a subtitled-only format in the United States and Canada, and on August 16 and 19 in a dubbed format in the United States. Screenings for the dub were scheduled for August 17 in Canada. The film was released on DVD and Blu-Ray in Japan on November 17th, 2017. Sarah Nelkin of Anime Now gave the film a positive review, calling it "a fun romp stuffed with all the elements "Fairy Tail" is known for that fans can enjoy,

title: Fairy Tail

text: and was released together with Volume 27 on June 17, 2011. The third, was released together with Volume 31 on February 17, 2012, and features an original story written by series creator Hiro Mashima. The fourth, "Fairies' Training Camp", is based on chapter 261 of the manga, and was released with Volume 35 on November 16, 2012. The fifth, is based on chapter 298 of the manga and was released with Volume 38 of the manga on June 17, 2013. A sixth OVA, titled is an adaptation of the omake of the same name and was released on August 16,

title: Fairy Tail

text: an animated adaptation of "Hajimari no Asa" as a bonus extra. The film was aired on Animax Asia on March 23, 2013. Funimation has licensed North American distribution rights to the film. The English dub premiered at Nan Desu Kan on September 13, 2013, and was released on Blu-ray/DVD on December 10, 2013. A second anime film was announced on May 15, 2015. On December 31, 2016, the official title of film was revealed as "", which was released on May 6, 2017 in Japan. An action video game for the PlayStation Portable, titled was unveiled at the 2009 Tokyo

title: Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry

text: The film's campaign promotes the climax of the "Fairy Tail" manga series, which concluded its run on July 26, 2017. The film was released in Japan on May 6, 2017, with an international release in select theaters scheduled the same month. Madman Entertainment announced plans to distribute the film theatrically in Australia and New Zealand. Anime Limited distributed and released the film on 17 May 2017 in the United Kingdom, with further screenings scheduled for 19 May 2017. German distributor KAZÉ Anime brought the film on June 27 and July 16 2017 in cinemas in Germany and Austria. On July

title: Fairy Tail Zero

text: The series ended in the magazine's 13th and final issue on July 17, 2015. The series is licensed in North America by Kodansha USA, who announced their license at an event at Books Kinokuniya in New York on November 15, 2015. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> An adaptation of "Fairy Tail Zero" was announced for the "Fairy Tail" anime television series on the jacket bands of "Fairy Tail" volume 52 and on the single collected volume of the series. The adaptation premiered on January 9, 2016. Funimation simulcasted the series with a broadcast dub in North America. The "tankōbon" of "Fairy Tail Zero"

title: Fairy Tail

text: 2013, with Volume 39 of the manga. An anime film adaptation of "Fairy Tail", titled "", was released on August 18, 2012. It was directed by Masaya Fujimori, and its screenplay was written by anime staff writer Masashi Sogo. Series creator Hiro Mashima was involved as the film's story planner and designer for guest characters appearing in the film. To promote the film, Mashima drew a 30-page prologue manga , which was bundled with advance tickets for the film. The DVD was bundled with a special edition release of Volume 36 of the manga on February 13, 2013, and included

title: Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry

text: Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry Set between "Fairy Tail"s penultimate and final story arcs, the film focuses on the members of the titular wizard guild infiltrating the Kingdom of Stella to recover a stolen staff of cataclysmic power. Tetsuya Kakihara, Aya Hirano, Rie Kugimiya, Yuichi Nakamura, Sayaka Ōhara, Satomi Satō, and Yui Horie all reprise their roles from the television series, with Makoto Furukawa, Aoi Yūki, and Jiro Saito co-starring as new characters designed by Mashima and Yūko Yamada. The film was released in Japan on May 6, 2017. It received limited theatrical screenings worldwide, with Funimation releasing the film in

title: Gonna be the Twin-Tail!!

text: anime television series adaptation, produced by Production IMS and directed by Hiroyuki Kanbe, aired in Japan from October 9, 2014 to December 25, 2014. The opening theme is by Maaya Uchida. The ending theme is sung by the voice actresses of the three main heroines: Tail Red (Sumire Uesaka), Tail Blue (Yūka Aisaka), and Tail Yellow (Chinatsu Akasaki). Both singles for the opening and ending themes were released on October 22, 2014. The anime has been licensed for streaming in North America by Funimation and in the Middle East, North Africa, Europe (excluding UK and Scandinavia) by Crunchyroll and AnimeLab

title: Fairy Tail

text: Nakahara (Juvia) as announcers. As of February 2017, the "Fairy Tail" manga had 60 million collected volumes in circulation. According to Oricon, "Fairy Tail" was the eighth best-selling manga series in Japan for 2009, fourth best in 2010 and 2011, fifth best of 2012, dropped to ninth in 2013, to 17th in 2014, and was 15th in 2015. The fifth volume of "Fairy Tail" was ranked seventh in a list of the top ten manga, and the series once again placed seventh after the release of the sixth volume. About.com's Deb Aoki listed "Fairy Tail" as the Best New Shōnen

title: Fairy Tail

text: 17, 2015. A third series, "Fairy Tail Blue Mistral" by Rui Watanabe, ran in Kodansha's shōjo manga magazine "Nakayoshi" from August 2, 2014 to December 1, 2015, while another, "Fairy Girls" by Boku, was released in Kodansha's "Magazine Special" from November 20, 2014 to August 20, 2015. Kyōta Shibano created a three-part meta-series titled "Fairy Tail Side Stories", which was launched in Kodansha's free weekly "Magazine Pocket" mobile app. The series began in 2015 with "Twin Dragons of Saber Tooth" from July 30 to November 4, continued with "Rhodonite" from November 18, 2015 to March 30, 2016, and concluded with

title: Fairy Tail

text: he went with the Japanese name for summer; Natsu. Mashima based the humorous aspects of the series on his daily life and jokes his assistants would make. Written and illustrated by Hiro Mashima "Fairy Tail" was serialized in the manga anthology "Weekly Shōnen Magazine" from August 2, 2006 to July 26, 2017. The 545 individual chapters were collected and published into 63 "tankōbon" volumes by Kodansha between December 15, 2006 and December 26, 2017. A special in "Weekly Shōnen Magazine" featured a crossover with "Flunk Punk Rumble", released in 2008. The official fanbook, "Fairy Tail+", was released on May 17,

title: Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry

text: story", warning that it would result in fans being "either be mildly confused or very spoiled". Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry Set between "Fairy Tail"s penultimate and final story arcs, the film focuses on the members of the titular wizard guild infiltrating the Kingdom of Stella to recover a stolen staff of cataclysmic power. Tetsuya Kakihara, Aya Hirano, Rie Kugimiya, Yuichi Nakamura, Sayaka Ōhara, Satomi Satō, and Yui Horie all reprise their roles from the television series, with Makoto Furukawa, Aoi Yūki, and Jiro Saito co-starring as new characters designed by Mashima and Yūko Yamada. The film was released in Japan

title: Fairy Tail

text: Kimlinger went so far as to say it makes it difficult to appreciate Mashima's "undeniable technical skill." The anime has also received a positive response from critics and viewers alike. In Southeast Asia, "Fairy Tail" won Animax Asia's "Anime of the Year" award in 2010. In 2012, the anime series won the "Meilleur Anime Japonais" (best Japanese anime) award and the best French dubbing award at the 19th Anime & Manga Grand Prix in Paris, France. In reviewing the first Funimation Entertainment DVD volumes, Carlo Santos of Anime News Network praised the visuals, characters, and English voice acting, as well

title: Fairy Tail

text: Game Show. The game was developed by Konami Examu Games inc. and was released on June 3, 2010. Two sequels to "Portable Guild" have also been released for the PlayStation Portable—the first, subtitled "Portable Guild 2", was released on March 10, 2011; the second, was released on March 22, 2012. Two fighting games, and were released for the Nintendo DS on July 22, 2010 and April 21, 2011, respectively. The characters Natsu and Lucy also appeared in the crossover video game "" as playable characters. In 2016, a browser game developed by GameSamba titled "" was announced to be open

title: Fairy Tail

text: 3, 2010. Another character song album, entitled "Eternal Fellows," was released on April 27, 2011. Two of the songs from the album, performed by anime cast members Tetsuya Kakihara (Natsu) and Aya Hirano (Lucy), were used for both OVAs as the opening and ending themes, respectively. Other songs on the volume are performed by Yuichi Nakamura (Gray), Sayaka Ohara (Erza), Satomi Satō (Wendy), Wataru Hatano (Gajeel), and a duet by Rie Kugimiya (Happy) and Yui Horie (Carla). An internet radio program began airing on HiBiKi Radio Station on February 11, 2012, featuring anime voice actors Tetsuya Kakihara (Natsu) and Mai

title: Fairy Tail Zero

text: ranked 11th in sales by the end of its first week of release, selling approximately 7,104,878 copies. The volume ranked 21st on its second week, and 40th on the third week. "The New York Times" listed the North American release as the 10th best selling manga at the end of its first week, and 8th on the second week. Fairy Tail Zero In X679, six-year-old Mavis Vermillion lives on Sirius Island as a servant at the wizards' guild, where she is bullied by the guild wizards and , the young daughter of Red Lizard's master. A violent skirmish breaks out

title: Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess

text: by Aya Hirano as Lucy Heartfilia, composed by Nobuo Uematsu, and written by Gorō Matsui. The film received a limited release in 73 Japanese theaters on August 18, 2012. Advance tickets were bundled with the 30-page manga drawn by Hiro Mashima to promote the film. It opened in 9th place at the Japanese box office, and received the highest per-screen average of any film shown that weekend. It held a top ten position until its second week. The film's DVD was bundled with a special edition release of Volume 36 of the manga on February 13, 2013, and included an

title: Fairy Tail

text: interests and the fans' on what will happen next in "Fairy Tail", the fans' take precedence. Mashima described his weekly schedule for creating individual chapters of "Fairy Tail" in 2008. Script and storyboards are written on Monday, rough sketches the following day, and drawing and inking are done Wednesday through Friday. Time in the weekends was for "Monster Hunter Orage", a monthly series Mashima was writing at the same time as "Fairy Tail". He usually thinks up new chapters while working on the current ones. Mashima had six assistants in 2008 that worked in an 8,000 sq. feet area with

title: Fairy Tail

text: Turnaround Publisher Services and in Australia by Penguin Books Australia. The anime has been licensed by Funimation for an English-language release in North America. As of February 2017, "Fairy Tail" had 60 million copies in print. The world of Earth-land is home to numerous guilds where skilled wizards apply their magical abilities for paid job requests. Natsu Dragneel, a dragon slayer wizard from the Fairy Tail guild, explores the Kingdom of Fiore in search of his missing adoptive father, the dragon Igneel. During his journey, he befriends a young celestial wizard named Lucy Heartfilia and invites her to join Fairy

title: Secret of the Wings

text: Woods and warns Periwinkle to go back before her wings wilt. As the twins hold hands and say goodbye, they touch their wings and blindingly white light bursts from their wings, which slowly heals Tink's broken wing. In an epilogue, it is shown that warm fairies now cross over into the Winter Woods and that the two "seasons" now interact and become good friends, even lovers. The film was given a limited theatre release in the United States between August 31, 2012 and September 13, 2012. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 23, 2012. It was the

title: Hiro Mashima

text: was adapted into an original video animation released in August 2013. A special 2013 issue of "Weekly Shōnen Magazine" featured a small crossover between "Fairy Tail" and Nakaba Suzuki's "The Seven Deadly Sins", where each artist drew a "yonkoma" (four-panel comic) of the other's series. An actual crossover chapter between these two ran in December 2013. Mashima's "Fairy Tail" has inspired several other works. From summer 2014 to July 17, 2015, "Fairy Tail" had its own monthly magazine titled "Monthly Fairy Tail", which included a prequel manga by Mashima himself titled "Fairy Tail Zero". In 2014, three spin-offs were released:

title: Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess

text: release of the anime up until then. Kyle Mills of DVD Talk described the movie as "a great one off story that is well developed and fantastically executed", distinguishing it from "typical" "shōnen" films with "little real development". He also praised the English dub cast, singling out Jessica Calvello and Todd Haberkorn as giving "standout" performances as Éclair and Natsu, respectively. Mills felt that the character designs looked "off" compared to the anime series, but added that it "shouldn't detract, since the film still looks better than your standard episode from the series". On the DVD's bonus features, Mills noted

title: List of Fairy Tail episodes

title: List of Fairy Tail episodes

long_answer: Fairy Tail is an anime series adapted from the manga of the same title by Hiro Mashima. Produced by A-1 Pictures and Satelight, and directed by Shinji Ishihira, it was broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 12, 2009, to March 30, 2013. It later continued its run on April 5, 2014, and ended on March 26, 2016. On July 20, 2017, Mashima confirmed on Twitter that the final season of Fairy Tail will air in 2018.  The series follows the adventures of Natsu Dragneel, a member of the Fairy Tail wizards' guild and mage who is searching for the dragon Igneel, and partners with Lucy Heartfilia, a celestial wizard.


question: when did somewhere over the rainbow come out

answers: 1939

text: Somewhere Over the Rainbow (Harold Mabern album) Somewhere Over the Rainbow is an album by pianist Harold Mabern. It was recorded in 2005 and released by Venus Records. The album was recorded on November 11, 2005, at The Studio in New York. It was produced by Tetsuo Hara and Todd Barkan. The personnel are Harold Mabern (piano), Dwayne Burno (bass), and Willie Jones III (drums). All of the compositions are by Harold Arlen. Mabern commented that, "I've always studied him because his music is very bluesy. And you don't really have to do anything to his music but just go

text: was probably like 500 pounds. And the first thing at hand is to find something for him to sit on." The building security found Israel a large steel chair. "Then I put up some microphones, do a quick sound check, roll tape, and the first thing he does is 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow.' He played and sang, one take, and it was over." At the time, copies of the recording were only made for Kamakawiwoʻole himself and Bertosa. The song was re-recorded as an "upbeat Jawaiian version" for Kamakawiwoʻole's debut album "Ka ʻAnoʻi", listed as "Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful

title: Over the Rainbow

text: Em tells her to "find yourself a place where you won't get into any trouble". This prompts her to walk off by herself, musing to Toto, "Some place where there isn't any trouble. Do you suppose there is such a place, Toto? There must be. It's not a place you can get to by a boat, or a train. It's far, far away. Behind the moon, beyond the rain...", at which point she begins singing. The "Over the Rainbow" and Kansas scenes were directed by the uncredited King Vidor. The song was deleted from the film after a preview in

title: Jewel (singer)

text: in June 2009. In early 2009 it was announced that Jewel would release a new studio album titled "Lullaby", a collection of lullabies which she described as "not just for children, but also adults". Its lead single, "Somewhere Over the Rainbow", was released on iTunes on March 17, 2009. The album was released on May 5, 2009. "Somewhere Over The Rainbow" was No. 1 on The Top Children's Songs the week of release. Like 2011's "The Merry Goes 'Round", it is sold under the Fisher Price brand which Jewel described as "a great partnership". She also recorded the "Make It

title: Over the Rainbow

text: week ending January 18, 2004). In the U.S., it was certified Platinum for 1,000,000 downloads sold. As of October 2014 it had sold over 4.2 million digital copies. In the UK, "Over the Rainbow" was released as a single under the title "Somewhere Over the Rainbow". It entered the UK Official Singles Chart in April 2007 at number 68. In Germany, the single also returned to the German Singles Chart in September 2010. After two weeks on that chart, it received gold status for selling 150,000 copies. In October 2010, it reached number one on the German charts. In 2011

text: World." In 1993, five years after the original recording, Bertosa played the song for producer Jon de Mello while the two were completing work on "Facing Future", and de Mello decided to include it in the album as "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World". "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" reached #12 on "Billboard"'s Hot Digital Tracks chart the week of January 31, 2004 (for the survey week ending January 18, 2004). According to the Israel Kamakawiwoʻole website, Universal Studios first became interested in using the song in the movie and on the soundtrack for "Meet Joe Black"

title: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album)

text: single's success, with the "Daily Mail" and "Daily Telegraph" attributing her success in America to her appeal to the Christian market, and to the success of her videos on YouTube. Talbot's father, Gavin, spoke about the song reaching number one, saying "When we received the phone call we were driving back from doing a round of radio interviews in London and Connie was asleep in the back of the car. When we told her she just took it in her stride. I just cannot believe that she is number one in America. We are all very proud of her. It

text: a single from the 2001 album "Wanted", which peaked at #11 on the UK Official Charts in 2001. Aselin Debison recorded the medley for her 2002 album "Sweet Is the Melody". Elisabeth von Trapp included her interpretation of the medley in her album "Poetic License", released in June 2004. During season seven of "American Idol", Jason Castro performed a cover of the song for his "Top 8" performance. Maddie Poppe and Caleb Lee Hutchinson performed the song as a duet during the grand finale of season sixteen of American Idol. !scope="row"|Total available sales: Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World

title: Over the Rainbow (band)

text: until Summer 2010. When asked about Over The Rainbow's plans to record a new album in an interview conducted by Neil Daniels, Bobby Rondinelli stated "Yes, in the near future." In 2011 band went to a "hiatus" so members of the band could pursue other projects according to Joe Lynn Turner's official website. Three of the five members (Morris, Smith, and Tuner) toured briefly thereafter in Joe Lynn Turner's band on the east coast but not for long. This included a performance in Clifton, NJ. Over the Rainbow (band) Over the Rainbow were a rock band formed in 2008 by

title: Over the Rainbow

text: quick sound check, roll tape, and the first thing he does is 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow.' He played and sang, one take, and it was over." Eva Cassidy recorded a version of the song for "The Other Side" (1992). After her death in 1996, it was included on the posthumous compilation "Songbird" (1998) and released as a single in 2001. It debuted at number 88 on the UK Singles Chart in February 2001 and climbed to number 42 in May, becoming Cassidy's first single to chart in the United Kingdom. In Scotland, it reached number 36, giving Cassidy her first

title: The Del-Vikings

text: The overdubbed demo was included as a track on an eight-song album subsequently released by Luniverse. Only one single was released from these Luniverse overdubs—"Somewhere Over The Rainbow"/ "Hey Senorita". Johnson's Dot group had an extra advantage—he had been discharged from the USAF and his group could tour freely, while the original group needed to seek military leave in order to tour. Mercury sued, claiming it had sole rights to any spelling of the group's name, and the Dell-Vikings briefly became The Versatiles, with singles being billed to "Kripp Johnson and the Versatiles" or "Chuck Jackson and the Versatiles". The

title: Katharine McPhee

text: Destiny" was released on June 27, 2006 by RCA Records. "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" peaked at number 12 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and "My Destiny" peaked at number 60. 32 weeks after its release, "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/My Destiny" had climbed to number four on the "Billboard" Hot Singles Sales charts. It was the second-highest best-selling single of 2006 after Taylor Hicks' "Do I Make You Proud". "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/My Destiny" remained on the chart for more than 58 weeks. In July, McPhee missed the first three weeks of the American Idol Tour due to laryngitis and bronchitis.

title: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album)

text: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album) Over the Rainbow is the debut album of the child singer Connie Talbot, and was released 26 November 2007 by Rainbow Recording Company. Talbot, who had entered the public eye after her appearance on the first series of "Britain's Got Talent" at age six, signed with Rainbow, an independent label, after briefly recording with Sony BMG. "Over the Rainbow" consists entirely of covers of pop and Christmas songs, and was recorded primarily in a spare room in the house of Talbot's aunt, in an attempt not to interrupt Talbot's childhood by disrupting her regular

title: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album)

text: saying "I love it here, it's brilliant, really fun", but she had to be ushered off-stage by the police. Talbot performed publicly in Walsall's HMV store, and in Birmingham's Centenary Square. TV appearances included slots on GMTV and "5 News", both on the day of the album's release. In April and May 2008, Talbot toured Asia to promote "Over the Rainbow". Asian journalists attributed her success in the region to her videos on YouTube, with writers for the "Sun.Star" noting that her most-viewed video had been watched over 14 million times, and Bernard Koh, of "The Straits Times", saying that

title: Over the Rainbow (band)

text: Over the Rainbow (band) Over the Rainbow were a rock band formed in 2008 by former members of Rainbow, along with Rainbow leader Ritchie Blackmore's son Jürgen (replacing his father on guitar). Members include Joe Lynn Turner (Rainbow 1980-1984), Bobby Rondinelli (Rainbow 1980-1983), Tony Carey (Rainbow 1975-1977) and Greg Smith (Rainbow 1994-1997). Playing lead guitar is Rainbow founder Ritchie Blackmore's son, Jürgen Blackmore. There was originally at least one member in the band from every part of Rainbow's career except for the years 1979 to 1980. In late 2009, Carey was replaced by Paul Morris (Rainbow 1994-1997). They performed songs

title: I Wake Up Screaming

text: the book by pulp writer Steve Fisher. In a jarring move that works in an odd way, 'Somewhere over the Rainbow' is the soundtrack that can be heard throughout. This early film noir, shot in a naturalistic style, showed how dark photography can increase a brooding mood and make the film more tense ... The conclusion is filled with plot twists and surprise character revelations, as the marvelously sinister performance by Laird Cregar as the sicko detective dominates the screen." The film's score was made up of "Over the Rainbow" and the theme from the 1931 film "Street Scene", written

title: Tony Carey

text: with Jürgen Blackmore, Ritchie Blackmore's son, to form Over the Rainbow to perform Rainbow songs in concerts in Russia and Eastern Europe. Due to illness, however, Tony Carey left Over the Rainbow in the spring of 2009, just prior to the band's live debut at the Sweden Rock Festival, where he was replaced by Paul Morris. In March 2009 Carey was diagnosed with a virulent form of bladder cancer. At one point he was told his odds of survival were ten percent. After twelve weeks in the hospital and five surgeries, he made a full recovery. "I tried to get

text: Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" (also known as "Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World") is a medley of the songs "Over the Rainbow" and "What a Wonderful World", by Israel Kamakawiwoʻole and released on his albums "Ka ʻAnoʻi" and "Facing Future". The song was originally recorded in a spur-of-the-moment demo session in 1988. Israel called the recording studio at 3am, and was given 15 minutes to arrive by recording engineer Milan Bertosa. Bertosa is quoted as saying ″And in walks the largest human being I had seen in my life. Israel

title: Over the Rainbow (Mai Kuraki album)

text: Over the Rainbow (Mai Kuraki album) Over the Rainbow (stylized as "OVER THE RAINBOW") is the tenth studio album by Japanese singer and songwriter Mai Kuraki. It was released on January 11, 2012, by Northern Music. Some of the songs on "Over the Rainbow" are themed about the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, from which Kuraki has continuously contributed to the reconstruction in several ways. In Japan, the album debuted at number two on the Oricon Weekly Albums chart, selling 29,618 copies in its first week, and spent 11 weeks on the chart. In Taiwan, "Over the Rainbow" debuted at

title: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album)

text: they should. The final version of "Over the Rainbow" was recorded at Olympic Studios, on 12 October 2007. Arnison described the recording process by saying that Talbot "hadn't sung nursery rhymes; she'd always sung classic tracks. So it was actually quite an easy task to make the record". The album was released on 26 November 2007, with an initial pressing of 50,000 copies. However, an additional 120,000 had to be created after the album sold out in a matter of days. "Over the Rainbow" was re-released on 18 June 2008, with the new version being made available for pre-order in

title: The Jane Austen Argument

text: Argument supported The Dresden Dolls as an opening act on their tour of Australia. On 24 February 2012, the Jane Austen Argument's debut album, Somewhere Under the Rainbow, was made available for pre-release download for those who donated to the Pozible fund. On 27 February 2012, Somewhere Under The Rainbow was made available for pre-order. Pre-ordering the album allowed buyers to download the first three tracks of the album prior to the release. The pre-order peaked at Number 1 on Bandcamp on the same day. The duo launched their album to the public on 2 March 2012 during a round

title: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album)

text: album; "Over the Rainbow" achieved more success on Asian charts, reaching number one in Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong. "Over the Rainbow" was rereleased on 18 June 2008 with an updated track list, replacing some of the Christmas-themed tracks of the original with more general covers. The first single from the album, a cover of Bob Marley's "Three Little Birds," was released in June 2008, and a music video for the song was shot in Jamaica. On 14 October, the album was released in the US, appearing on several "Billboard" charts. Talbot visited the US to promote the album,

title: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album)

text: activities. Although public appearances were initially kept to a minimum, Talbot did make appearances to promote the album, and performed in public several times after the British release. "Over the Rainbow" received poor reviews. Though praising Talbot's voice, critics noted a lack of depth in the performances, and questioned the appropriateness of releasing and rating work by such a young artist. The album peaked at number 35 on the UK Albums Chart. Despite its poor chart performance, additional copies of the album had to be pressed after sales were higher than expected. Talbot later toured Asia in support of the

title: Over the Rainbow

text: Over the Rainbow "Over the Rainbow" is a ballad composed by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg. It was written for the movie "The Wizard of Oz" and was sung by actress Judy Garland in her starring role as Dorothy Gale. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Garland's signature song. About five minutes into the film, Dorothy sings the song after failing to get Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, and the farm hands to listen to her story of an unpleasant incident involving her dog, Toto, and the town spinster, Miss Gulch (Margaret Hamilton). Aunt

title: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album)

text: performed on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" and appeared as a guest on "The Oprah Winfrey Show". She made appearances in Los Angeles, Philadelphia, New York City and Washington D.C. Following the television appearances, sales of the album were boosted in the US. Talbot again travelled to the US to promote her single "I Will Always Love You" in April 2009, returning again in May. Appearances included a performance on "Good Day New York" on Fox Broadcasting Company's WNYW. "Over the Rainbow" received negative reviews from music critics. Sharon Mawer, of AllMusic, praised Talbot, saying that she "can sing, for a

title: Over the Rainbow (Connie Talbot album)

text: appearing on national television. Connie Talbot entered the public eye appearing, aged six, on the first series of the reality programme "Britain's Got Talent", reaching the final. After briefly recording with Sony BMG, Talbot was signed to Rainbow Recording Company, an offshoot of the label Rhythm Riders made specifically for her. To produce "Over the Rainbow", Talbot worked with John Arnison, then-manager to Gabrielle and Billy Ocean, and Marc Marot, a former managing director of Island Records. It was produced and mixed by Simon Hill and Rob May. A recording schedule was worked out so that Talbot could continue with

title: The Jane Austen Argument

text: The Plan Behind (The Beautiful Mess We Made), which itself launched on 28 July 2011. On 21 July 2011, the band announced their intentions to record their debut album, "Somewhere Under The Rainbow", in Seattle. However, at that point they had not yet accumulated the finances to do this, so simultaneously, they announced a fundraiser, hosted by Australian crowdfunding website Pozible. Although the band required an additional $10 000 for their fund, they set their target donation total at $5 000, offering fans special gifts in exchange for donations. Rewards were conditional to the amount donated, and included a vast

title: My Destiny (Katharine McPhee song)

text: of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" as the B-side. McPhee's rendition of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" was originally performed during the top 3 finalists' judge's choice round, chosen by Simon Cowell. McPhee performed sitting on the stage and wearing red shoes. She sang the little-known opening verse a cappella. The judges had high praise for McPhee's performance, and it is believed that the song was responsible for vaulting her into the season's final two. Several critics, including Cowell, consider McPhee's performance to be the best of the entire series. McPhee reprised her performance of the song in the final performance show

title: Grace Kelly (musician)

text: The track was also included on the label's "9 Mile Road" compilation. Kelly is a featured performer in the 2014 documentary film "", co-produced by author Michael Connelly and directed by N.C. Heikin. In the documentary, she performs "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" as part of a tribute concert held in San Quentin State Prison, where the late Frank Morgan was incarcerated at different times in his life. The documentary had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 14, 2014 and was followed the next day by a tribute concert at the Grammy Museum, featuring Kelly, George

title: Over the Rainbow

text: The very first artist to record the song was actually big band singer Bea Wain, but MGM prohibited the release until The Wizard of Oz (1939) had opened and audiences heard Judy Garland perform it.

title: Over the Rainbow


question: which layer of the osi model handles physical addressing

answers: physical layer or layer 1

title: OSI model

text: OSI model The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard protocols. The model partitions a communication system into abstraction layers. The original version of the model defined seven layers. A layer serves the layer above it and is served by the layer below it. For example, a layer that provides error-free communications across a network provides the path needed by applications above it, while

title: OSI model

text: its own right. OSI model The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard protocols. The model partitions a communication system into abstraction layers. The original version of the model defined seven layers. A layer serves the layer above it and is served by the layer below it. For example, a layer that provides error-free communications across a network provides the path needed by applications

title: Denial-of-service attack

text: above it and is served by the layer below it. For example, a layer that provides error-free communications across a network provides the communications path needed by applications above it, while it calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that traverse that path. In the OSI model, the definition of its application layer is narrower in scope than is often implemented. The OSI model defines the application layer as being the user interface. The OSI application layer is responsible for displaying data and images to the user in a human-recognizable format and to interface with the presentation

title: Denial-of-service attack

text: network-level attacks continue to be of high capacity, they are occurring less frequently. Ali further notes that although network-level attacks are becoming less frequent, data from Cloudflare demonstrates that application-layer attacks are still showing no sign of slowing down. The OSI model (ISO/IEC 7498-1) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the internal functions of a communication system by partitioning it into abstraction layers. The model is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection project at the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The model groups similar communication functions into one of seven logical layers. A layer serves the layer

title: Network architecture

text: networks or nodes in the network, or the usage of specific types of hardware links. The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection effort at the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). OSI defines and codifies the concept of layered network architecture. It is a way of sub-dividing a communications system further into smaller parts called layers. A layer is a collection of similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it. On each layer, an instance provides services to the instances at the layer

title: Internet protocol suite

text: use the best-effort UDP transport. Different authors have interpreted the TCP/IP model differently, and disagree whether the link layer, or the entire TCP/IP model, covers OSI layer 1 (physical layer) issues, or whether a hardware layer is assumed below the link layer. Several authors have attempted to incorporate the OSI model's layers 1 and 2 into the TCP/IP model, since these are commonly referred to in modern standards (for example, by IEEE and ITU). This often results in a model with five layers, where the link layer or network access layer is split into the OSI model's layers 1 and

title: Layer 8

text: Layer 8 Layer 8 is used to refer to "user" or "political" layer on top of the OSI model of computer networking. The OSI model is a 7-layer abstract model that describes an architecture of data communications for networked computers. The layers build upon each other, allowing for abstraction of specific functions in each one. The top (7th) layer is the Application Layer describing methods and protocols of software applications. It is then held that the user is the 8th layer. Network appliances vendor like Cyberoam claim that Layer 8 allows IT administrators to identify users, control Internet activity of

title: OSI model

text: to 7. Layer 1 is the lowest layer in this model. At each level "N", two entities at the communicating devices (layer N "peers") exchange protocol data units (PDUs) by means of a layer N "protocol". Each PDU contains a payload, called the service data unit (SDU), along with protocol-related headers or footers. Data processing by two communicating OSI-compatible devices is done as such: Some orthogonal aspects, such as management and security, involve all of the layers (See ITU-T X.800 Recommendation). These services are aimed at improving the CIA triad - confidentiality, integrity, and availability - of the transmitted data.

title: OSI model

text: it calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that comprise the contents of that path. Two instances at the same layer are visualized as connected by a "horizontal" connection in that layer. The model is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection project at the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In the late 1970s, one project was administered by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), while another was undertaken by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT, from French: Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique). These two international standards bodies each developed a document that defined

title: OSI model

text: In practice, the availability of a communication service is determined by the interaction between network design and network management protocols. Appropriate choices for both of these are needed to protect against denial of service. The physical layer is responsible for the transmission and reception of unstructured raw data between a device and a physical transmission medium. It converts the digital bits into electrical, radio, or optical signals. Layer specifications define characteristics such as voltage levels, the timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, and physical connectors. This includes the layout of pins, voltages, line impedance, cable specifications,

title: OSI model

text: host to interact with a corresponding entity at the same layer in another host. Service definitions abstractly describe the functionality provided to an (N)-layer by an (N-1) layer, where N was one of the seven layers of protocols operating in the local host. The OSI standards documents are available from the ITU-T as the X.200-series of recommendations. Some of the protocol specifications were also available as part of the ITU-T X series. The equivalent ISO and ISO/IEC standards for the OSI model were available from ISO. Not all are free of charge. The recommendation X.200 describes seven layers, labeled 1

title: Unisys 2200 Series system architecture

text: command packets with real memory and device addresses which are then passed to the I/O processor. Firmware in the I/O processor actually creates the device specific (e.g., SCSI) packets, sets up the DMA, issues the I/O, and services the interrupts. Unisys 2200 Series system architecture The figure shows a high-level architecture of the OS 2200 system identifying major hardware and software components. The majority of the Unisys software is included in the subsystems and applications area of the model. For example, the database managers are subsystems and the compilers are applications. The details of the system architecture are covered in

title: OSI model

text: specific protocols. The concept of a seven-layer model was provided by the work of Charles Bachman at Honeywell Information Services. Various aspects of OSI design evolved from experiences with the ARPANET, NPLNET, EIN, CYCLADES network and the work in IFIP WG6.1. The new design was documented in ISO 7498 and its various addenda. In this model, a networking system was divided into layers. Within each layer, one or more entities implement its functionality. Each entity interacted directly only with the layer immediately beneath it, and provided facilities for use by the layer above it. Protocols enable an entity in one

title: OSI model

text: protocols specify any programming interfaces, other than deliberately abstract service specifications. Protocol specifications precisely define the interfaces between different computers, but the software interfaces inside computers, known as network sockets are implementation-specific. For example, Microsoft Windows' Winsock, and Unix's Berkeley sockets and System V Transport Layer Interface, are interfaces between applications (layer 5 and above) and the transport (layer 4). NDIS and ODI are interfaces between the media (layer 2) and the network protocol (layer 3). Interface standards, except for the physical layer to media, are approximate implementations of OSI service specifications. The design of protocols in the TCP/IP model

title: PHY (chip)

text: offerings from Intel and ICS. PHY (chip) PHY is an abbreviation for the physical layer of the OSI model and refers to the circuitry required to implement physical layer functions. A PHY connects a link layer device (often called MAC as an acronym for medium access control) to a physical medium such as an optical fiber or copper cable. A PHY device typically includes both Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) and Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) layer functionality. The Ethernet PHY is a component that operates at the physical layer of the OSI network model. It implements the Ethernet physical layer portion

title: Open Systems Interconnection

text: Open Systems Interconnection The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard protocols. The model partitions a communication system into abstraction layers. The original version of the model defined seven layers. Prior to OSI, networking was largely either government-sponsored (ARPANET in the US, CYCLADES in France) or vendor-developed and proprietary standards (such as the System network architecture (SNA) of IBM and DECnet of Digital Equipment

title: OSI protocols

text: form a hierarchy of functionality starting with the physical hardware components to the user interfaces at the software application level. Each layer receives information from the layer above, processes it and passes it down to the next layer. Each layer adds encapsulation information (header) to the incoming information before it is passed to the lower layer. Headers generally include address of source and destination, error control information, protocol identification and protocol parameters such as flow control options and sequence numbers. This layer deals with the physical plugs and sockets and electrical specification of signals only. This is the medium over

title: Communication protocol

text: conforming to the various layer specifications. In the OSI model, communicating systems are assumed to be connected by an underlying physical medium providing a basic (and unspecified) transmission mechanism. The layers above it are numbered (from one to seven); the n layer is referred to as (n)-layer. Each layer provides service to the layer above it (or at the top to the application process) using the services of the layer immediately below it. The layers communicate with each other by means of an interface, called a "service access point". Corresponding layers at each system are called "peer entities". To communicate,

title: Internet protocol suite

text: top layers in the OSI model, i.e. the application layer, the presentation layer and the session layer, are not distinguished separately in the TCP/IP model which only has an application layer above the transport layer. While some pure OSI protocol applications, such as X.400, also combined them, there is no requirement that a TCP/IP protocol stack must impose monolithic architecture above the transport layer. For example, the NFS application protocol runs over the eXternal Data Representation (XDR) presentation protocol, which, in turn, runs over a protocol called Remote Procedure Call (RPC). RPC provides reliable record transmission, so it can safely

title: Abstraction layer

text: bytes model is used for file I/O, socket I/O, and terminal I/O in order to provide device independence. In order to read and write to a device at the application level, the program calls a function to open the device, which may be a real device such as a terminal or a virtual device such as a network port or a file in a file system. The device's physical characteristics are mediated by the operating system which in turn presents an abstract interface that allows the programmer to read and write bytes from/to the device. The operating system then performs

title: OSI model

text: is the distinction between the application-entity and the application. For example, a reservation website might have two application-entities: one using HTTP to communicate with its users, and one for a remote database protocol to record reservations. Neither of these protocols have anything to do with reservations. That logic is in the application itself. The application layer per se has no means to determine the availability of resources in the network. Cross-layer functions are services that are not tied to a given layer, but may affect more than one layer. Examples include the following: Neither the OSI Reference Model nor OSI

title: OSI model

text: seven-layer protocol model as defined in ISO 7498, rather than refinements in such things as the internal organization of the network layer document. The presumably strict layering of the OSI model as it is usually described does not present contradictions in TCP/IP, as it is permissible that protocol usage does not follow the hierarchy implied in a layered model. Such examples exist in some routing protocols (for example OSPF), or in the description of tunneling protocols, which provide a link layer for an application, although the tunnel host protocol might well be a transport or even an application-layer protocol in

title: OSI model

text: similar networking models. In 1983, these two documents were merged to form a standard called The Basic Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection. The standard is usually referred to as the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model, the OSI Reference Model, or simply the OSI model. It was published in 1984 by both the ISO, as standard ISO 7498, and the renamed CCITT (now called the Telecommunications Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union or ITU-T) as standard X.200. OSI had two major components, an "abstract model" of networking, called the Basic Reference Model or seven-layer model, and a set of

title: CAN bus

text: the number of stuff bits inserted. ISO 11898 series specifies physical and data link layer (levels 1 and 2 of the ISO/OSI model) of serial communication technology called Controller Area Network that supports distributed real-time control and multiplexing for use within road vehicles. There are several CAN physical layer and other standards: ISO 11898-1:2015 specifies the data link layer (DLL) and physical signalling of the controller area network (CAN). This document describes the general architecture of CAN in terms of hierarchical layers according to the ISO reference model for open systems interconnection (OSI) established in ISO/IEC 7498-1 and provides the

title: Protocol data unit

text: The letters themselves are SDUs when the bags are opened but become PDUs when the address is read for final delivery. When the addressee finally opens the envelope, the top-level SDU, the letter itself, emerges. Protocol data units of the OSI model are: Given a context pertaining to a specific OSI layer, "PDU" is sometimes used as a synonym for its representation at that layer. Protocol data units for the Internet Protocol Suite are: On TCP/IP over Ethernet, the bit stream on the physical layer is commonly called an Ethernet Packet. ATM's corresponding data link layer PDU is called a

title: PHY (chip)

text: PHY (chip) PHY is an abbreviation for the physical layer of the OSI model and refers to the circuitry required to implement physical layer functions. A PHY connects a link layer device (often called MAC as an acronym for medium access control) to a physical medium such as an optical fiber or copper cable. A PHY device typically includes both Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) and Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) layer functionality. The Ethernet PHY is a component that operates at the physical layer of the OSI network model. It implements the Ethernet physical layer portion of the 1000BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and

title: Subnetwork Access Protocol

text: order to allow the receiving node to pass each received frame to an appropriate device driver which understands given protocol. The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model uses a SAP to define the communication between layers (like Network, Transport, Session, and the other layers of the Seven-Layered Model), that is to identify which protocol should process an incoming message. Within a given layer, programs can exchange data by a mutually agreed upon protocol mechanism. A pair of programs that do not support a common protocol cannot communicate with each other. Thus for multiple protocols to coexist within a layer, it is

title: OSI model

text: 3 packets to deliver to the endpoint. L2TP carries PPP frames inside transport segments. Although not developed under the OSI Reference Model and not strictly conforming to the OSI definition of the transport layer, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) of the Internet Protocol Suite are commonly categorized as layer-4 protocols within OSI. The session layer controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application. It provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex operation, and establishes checkpointing, adjournment, termination, and restart procedures. The OSI model made

title: Open Systems Interconnection

text: to interoperate with other devices because of a lack of common protocols. However, while OSI developed its networking standards, TCP/IP came into widespread use on multivendor networks for internetworking, while on the local network level both Ethernet and token ring gained prominence. The OSI reference model was a major advance in the teaching of network concepts. It promoted the idea of a consistent model of protocol layers, defining interoperability between network devices and software. The OSI model was very defined in raw form in Washington, DC in February 1978 by Hubert Zimmermann of France and the refined standard was published

title: Physical layer

text: In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer.  This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip.

title: Physical layer


question: when does season 7 game of thrones dvd release

answers: December 12, 2017

title: George R. R. Martin

text: a dozen Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series. By the end of 2016, all seasons up to season 6 (which premiered on April 24, 2016) had been aired on HBO and all seasons had been released on DVD and/or Blu-ray for home viewing (see List of Game of Thrones episodes). The company confirmed on July 18, 2016 that season 7 would consist of seven episodes instead of the usual ten, and would premiere later than usual, in mid-2017, because of the later filming schedule. This was necessary in order to be shooting during the winter season in Europe. Season 7

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: in February 2017. In an interview with the showrunners, it was announced that the filming of the seventh season would be delayed until later in the year due to necessary weather conditions for filming. The showrunners stated "We're starting a bit later because, you know, at the end of this season, winter is here, and that means that sunny weather doesn't really serve our purposes any more. We kind of pushed everything down the line so we could get some grim, gray weather even in the sunnier places that we shoot." Girona, Spain did not return as one of the

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: August 4, 2017, it was reported that, two days before its original broadcast, the fourth episode of the season was leaked online from Star India, one of HBO's international network partners. The leaked copy has the "for internal viewing only" watermark. On July 31, 2017, due to a security breach, HBO was the victim of 1.5 terabytes of stolen data. However, "this was not related to this episode leak", according to "The Verge". On August 16, 2017, four days before its intended release, it was reported that HBO Spain and HBO Nordic accidentally allowed the sixth episode of the series

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: Bender, who worked on the show's sixth season, said that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes. Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14 month time frame, as Weiss said "It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule." HBO confirmed on July 18, 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule. Later it was confirmed that the season would debut on July 16. The seventh

title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: broadcast on HBO in the United States from April 1, 2012 to June 3, 2012. DVD/Blu-ray box sets and digital downloads of the second season were released in North America on February 19, 2013. The DVD set contains a 30-minute feature covering the production of the episode "Blackwater", actor interviews, character profiles, twelve audio commentaries by cast and crew, and a discussion about Westerosi religions by the showrunners and George R. R. Martin. The Blu-ray set additionally contains a feature about the "War of the Five Kings" that breaks out in season two, as well as 19 animated histories of

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: On March 9, 2017, HBO hosted a live stream on the "Game of Thrones" Facebook page that revealed the premiere date for the seventh season as being July 16, 2017. It was accompanied by a teaser trailer. On March 30, 2017, the first official promo for the show was released, highlighting the thrones of Daenerys Targaryen, Jon Snow, and Cersei Lannister. On April 20, 2017, HBO released 15 official photos shot during the season. On May 22, 2017, HBO released several new photos from the new season. On May 23, 2017, HBO released the official posters featuring the Night King.

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: on-demand viewing for one hour before being removed. Data from piracy monitoring firm MUSO indicates that season seven was pirated more than one billion times mostly by unauthorized streaming, with torrent and direct downloads accounting for about 15 percent of this piracy. On average, each episode is estimated to have been pirated 140 million times, making "Game of Thrones" the most-pirated television series in 2017. Game of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons

title: Game of Thrones

text: 19, 2013. First-day sales broke HBO records, with 241,000 box sets sold and 355,000 episodes downloaded. The third season was made available for purchase as a digital download on the Australian iTunes Store, parallel to the U.S. premiere, and was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on February 18, 2014. The fourth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 17, 2015, and the fifth season on March 15, 2016. The sixth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on November 15, 2016. Beginning in 2016, HBO began issuing Steelbook Blu-ray sets which include both Dolby TrueHD

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: by HBO. After the screening of the season premiere "The Red Woman", HBO released a second official trailer. As well, in July 2016, HBO released a "blooper reel" online, a video of outtakes from season 6. "After the Thrones", a live aftershow in which hosts Andy Greenwald and Chris Ryan discuss episodes of the series, airs on the stand-alone streaming service HBO Now on the Monday following each episode of the show's sixth season. The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on November 15, 2016. The set includes extra background, behind-the-scenes material and deleted scenes. The sixth season of

title: Game of Thrones (season 1)

text: 2011. The first season of "Game of Thrones" was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on March 6, 2012. The set includes extra background and behind-the-scenes material, but no deleted scenes, because almost all footage shot for the first season was used in the show. HBO released a "Collector's Edition" DVD/Blu-ray combo pack of the first season, which includes a resin-carved Dragon Egg Paperweight. The set was released in the United States and Canada on November 20, 2012. The first season was released on 4K UHD Blu-ray on June 5, 2018. Game of Thrones (season 1) The first season of

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: of 77 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes, the seventh season has a 94% approval rating from 46 critics with an average rating of 8.31 out of 10, and a 92% average episode score, with the site's consensus reading, "After a year-long wait, "Game of Thrones" roars back with powerful storytelling and a focused interest in its central characters—particularly the female ones." The series premiere surpassed 30 million viewers across all of the network's domestic platforms weeks after its release. The show's numbers continued to climb in other countries as well. In

title: Game of Thrones

text: scenes, since nearly all the footage shot for the first season was used. The box set sold over 350,000 copies in the first week after release, the largest first-week DVD sales ever for an HBO series, and the series set an HBO-series record for digital-download sales. A collector's-edition box set was released in November 2012, combining the DVD and Blu-ray versions of the first season with the first episode of season two. A paperweight in the shape of a dragon egg is included in the set. DVD-Blu-ray box sets and digital downloads of the second season became available on February

title: Game of Thrones (season 3)

text: as a digital download on the iTunes store, in Australia only, in parallel to the U.S. premiere. However, on May 14, 2013, Foxtel blocked the Australian iTunes store from making the episodes available soon after they screened in the U.S. Season 3 was reported to be the most infringed TV show via torrents during spring 2013, estimated to be 5.2 million downloads via BitTorrent. The third season of "Game of Thrones" was the most-pirated TV series in 2013. Game of Thrones (season 3) The third season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" premiered in the United States

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: Game of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven. Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's "A Song of Ice and Fire" series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.

title: Game of Thrones (season 8)

text: episodes, stating that after season six, they were "down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap." Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14-month time frame, as Weiss said, "It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule." HBO confirmed in July 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule. Benioff and Weiss later confirmed that the eighth season will consist

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: 50 chart. The season received highly positive reviews, with special praise directed at the episodes "The Door", "Battle of the Bastards" and "The Winds of Winter". On Metacritic, the season (based on the first episode) has a score of 73 out of 100 based on 9 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". On Rotten Tomatoes, the sixth season has a 95% approval rating from 30 critics with an average rating of 8.33 out of 10. The season also received a 94% episode average score on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus reads, "Bloody and captivating as always, "Game of Thrones" plunges

title: Game of Thrones (season 8)

text: Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R. R. Martin's "A Song of Ice and Fire" series and will also adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series, "The Winds of Winter" and "A

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: the Seven Kingdoms. HBO ordered the seventh season on April 21, 2016, three days before the premiere of the show's sixth season, and began filming on August 31, 2016. The season was filmed primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia and Iceland. "Game of Thrones" features a large ensemble cast, including Peter Dinklage, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke, and Kit Harington. The season introduces several new cast members, including Jim Broadbent and Tom Hopper. The series received 22 nominations for the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, and won for Outstanding Drama Series and Dinklage won for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: Now and HBO Go apps are included. Over the season, the viewer numbers averaged at over 30 million per episode across all platforms. The season was simulcast around the world by HBO and its broadcast partners in 186 countries. In some countries, it aired the day after its first release. On July 23, 2016, a teaser production trailer was released by HBO at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con. The trailer mostly consisted of voice overs, and shots of crew members creating sets and props. The first footage from the season was revealed in a new promotional video released by HBO

title: Game of Thrones (season 5)

text: key crew members. The first official trailer for season 5 was released on January 30, 2015, and the season's second trailer was released on March 9, 2015. The world premiere of the first episode of the fifth season was held at the Tower of London on March 18, 2015. The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 15, 2016, in region 1 and March 14, 2016, in region 2. On April 11, prior to the airing of the season's first episode, screener copies of the first four episodes were leaked to several file sharing sites. According to TorrentFreak,

title: Game of Thrones (season 8)

text: be the last time that we would be doing this". In an interview with "Entertainment Weekly", HBO programming president Casey Bloys stated that instead of the series finale being a feature film, the final season would be "six one-hour movies" on television. He continued, "The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so, than film. What they're doing is monumental." Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. Co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth season would likely consist of fewer

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: fifth season. New York Mets baseball pitcher Noah Syndergaard made a background cameo as a javelin-throwing Lannister soldier in "The Spoils of War." On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of "Game of Thrones", just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season. In a June 2016 interview with "Variety", co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss revealed the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were "down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap." Director Jack

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: filming locations. Girona stood in for Braavos and parts of King's Landing. It was later announced that the seventh season would film in Northern Ireland, Spain and Iceland, with filming in Northern Ireland beginning in August 2016. The series filmed in the Spanish cities Seville, Cáceres, Almodóvar del Río, Santiponce, Zumaia and Bermeo. Spanish sources announced that the series would be filming the seventh season on Muriola Beach in Barrika, Las Atarazanas, the Royal Dockyards of Seville and at the shores of San Juan de Gaztelugatxe, an islet belonging to the city of Bermeo. The series returned to film at

title: Game of Thrones (season 8)

text: to premiere in April 2019. Ramin Djawadi is set to return as the composer of the show for the eighth season. On December 6, 2018, HBO released the first official teaser trailer for the eighth season. Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found

title: Game of Thrones

text: content. In April 2016, the showrunners' plan was to shoot 13 more episodes after the sixth season: seven episodes in the seventh season and six episodes in the eighth. Later that month, the series was renewed for a seventh season with a seven-episode order. Eight seasons were ordered and filmed, adapting the novels at a rate of about 48 seconds per page for the first three seasons. The first two seasons adapted one novel each. For the later seasons, its creators see "Game of Thrones" as an adaptation of "A Song of Ice and Fire" as a whole rather than

title: Game of Thrones

text: as Córdoba. The sixth season, which began filming in July 2015, returned to Spain and filmed in Navarra, Guadalajara, Seville, Almeria, Girona and Peniscola. Filming also returned to Dubrovnik, Croatia. Filming of the seven episodes of season 7 began on August 31, 2016, at Titanic Studios in Belfast, with other filming in Iceland, Northern Ireland and many locations in Spain, including Seville, Cáceres, Almodovar del Rio, Santiponce, Zumaia and Bermeo. The series also filmed in Dubrovnik, which is used for location of King's Landing. Filming continued until the end of February 2017 as necessary to ensure winter weather in some

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: having directed multiple episodes in previous seasons. Michele Clapton returned to the show as costume designer, after spending some time away from the show in the sixth season. She previously worked on the show for the first five seasons, as well as the end of the sixth season. The seventh season contains original material not found in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series. Some of the show's sixth season also consists of material revealed to the writers of the television series during discussions with Martin. Filming began on August 31, 2016, at Titanic Studios in Belfast, and ended

title: Game of Thrones

text: of the BitTorrent filesharing protocol, with over 250,000 simultaneous sharers and over 1.5 million downloads in eight hours. For the sixth season, HBO did not send screeners to the press, so as to prevent the spread of unlicensed copies and possible spoilers. Observers, including series director David Petrarca and Time Warner CEO Jeff Bewkes, said that illegal downloads did not hurt the series' prospects; it benefited from "buzz" and social commentary, and the high piracy rate did not significantly translate to lost subscriptions. According to "Polygon", HBO's relaxed attitude towards piracy and the sharing of login credentials amounted to a

title: Game of Thrones (season 6)

text: season, which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Iceland and Canada. Each episode cost over $10 million. The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne. The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle, and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North. Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe. At King's Landing, the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras, but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow, who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen.

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)

text: The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on December 12, 2017.

title: Game of Thrones (season 7)