question: when does season 13 of america's got talent premiere

answers: May 29, 2018

title: America's Got Talent (season 12)

text: America's Got Talent (season 12) Season twelve of the reality competition series "America's Got Talent" was ordered on August 2, 2016 and premiered on NBC on Tuesday, May 30, 2017. Howie Mandel, Mel B, Heidi Klum and Simon Cowell returned as judges for their respective eighth, fifth, fifth and second seasons. Supermodel and businesswoman Tyra Banks replaced Nick Cannon, who hosted for eight seasons, making her the first female host of the show and the second female to host a "Got Talent" show. The live shows returned to the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles beginning August 15, 2017. The format

title: America's Got Talent (season 5)

text: America's Got Talent (season 5) The fifth season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered in the United States on the NBC network and on Canada's Global on June 1, 2010. Soul singer Michael Grimm was named the winner on May 26, 2011, beating 10-year-old classical crossover singer Jackie Evancho. The season 5 selection process appears to carry over that of the past two seasons, but the Las Vegas Round was changed to that of the second and third seasons, which gave the performers a second chance to showcase their act. Instead of an audition

title: America's Got Talent

text: September 16, Paul Zerdin was announced the winner of the season, making him the second ventriloquist to win. Comedian Drew Lynch was runner-up, and magician mentalist Oz Pearlman was in Third Place. "America's Got Talent" was renewed for an eleventh season on September 1, 2015. The season would have preliminary open call auditions in Detroit, New York, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, Las Vegas, San Jose, San Diego, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Orlando, and Dallas. As in years past, hopeful contestants may also submit auditions online. On October 22, 2015, it was announced that creator Simon Cowell would replace Howard

title: America's Got Talent (season 12)

text: a headlining performance in Las Vegas. On October 4, 2016, Simon Cowell signed a contract to remain as a judge through 2019. Long-time host Nick Cannon announced, on February 13, 2017, that he would not return as host for season 12, soon after he made disparaging remarks about NBC in his 2017 Showtime comedy special, "Stand Up, Don't Shoot". Cannon was still under contract to host, and NBC executives did not initially accept his resignation, but they ultimately searched for a new host. On March 12, 2017, NBC announced supermodel Tyra Banks as the host for this season. The season

title: America's Got Talent (season 11)

text: America's Got Talent (season 11) Season eleven of the reality competition series "America's Got Talent" was ordered on September 1, 2015. The season premiered on NBC on Tuesday, May 31, 2016. Nick Cannon returned for his eighth and final season as host. Howie Mandel returned for his seventh season as a judge, while Mel B and Heidi Klum returned for their fourth season. Simon Cowell replaced Howard Stern as the fourth judge. The live shows began on July 26, at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles instead of Radio City Music Hall in New York from previous years. Due to

title: America's Got Talent (season 13)

text: directly to the live shows and will not compete in the Judge Cuts round. In the first episode, Tyra Banks was the first to press the golden buzzer for acrobatic and dance group Zurcaroh. Simon Cowell was second to press it for 40-year-old singer Michael Ketterer. Howie Mandel was third to press it for 13 year old singer Courtney Hadwin. Mel B was fourth to press it for 15 year old singer Amanda Mena. Heidi Klum was the final judge to use the golden buzzer, using it for 15 year old singer Makayla Phillips. The Judge Cuts rounds began airing

title: America's Got Talent (season 12)

text: Other celebrity appearances included Marlee Matlin and Jeff Dunham. The following chart describes the acts, appearances and segments presented during the finale. America's Got Talent (season 12) Season twelve of the reality competition series "America's Got Talent" was ordered on August 2, 2016 and premiered on NBC on Tuesday, May 30, 2017. Howie Mandel, Mel B, Heidi Klum and Simon Cowell returned as judges for their respective eighth, fifth, fifth and second seasons. Supermodel and businesswoman Tyra Banks replaced Nick Cannon, who hosted for eight seasons, making her the first female host of the show and the second female to

title: America's Got Talent (season 13)

text: broadcast live from the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles starting on August 14, 2018 with twelve acts performing each night. The following night the results will be announced to the public with seven of the twelve acts proceeding to the semifinals. Each week viewers of the show also have the opportunity to send one act, determined by popular vote, using "Google's Instant Save", sometimes also known as the "Dunkin' Save" due to a sponsorship contract with Dunkin Donuts, via the "America's Got Talent" app or the official website. In the first week of the Quarterfinals, Human Fountains received a buzzer

title: America's Got Talent (season 13)

text: on Tuesday, July 17, 2018. Like the previous season, one guest judge will join the judges' panel each show and will be given one golden buzzer opportunity to send an act straight to the live shows. Eighteen acts perform each week instead of twenty as in the previous three seasons. Of the eighteen acts performing each week seven acts advance including the guest judge's golden buzzer which immediately advances if used. Guest judges will not be given a red buzzer to use. Any act that will receive all four red buzzers will be immediately eliminated from the competition. The four

title: America's Got Talent (season 4)

text: America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of "America's Got Talent", an American television reality show talent competition, premiered on the NBC network on June 23, 2009. Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16, 2009. This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition. This season's host is Nick Cannon, who replaced Jerry Springer. Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments. David Hasselhoff, Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges, despite rumors that Osbourne would be leaving the show. Season four was Hasselhoff's final season as a

title: America's Got Talent (season 11)

text: WIB. But, since Monday, October 31, in addition to the weekend slot, the show has also been broadcast every Monday to Friday at 5.00 PM WIB as the replacement of the currently concluded TV drama, the second season of "", which was concluded on Friday, October 28, 2016. America's Got Talent (season 11) Season eleven of the reality competition series "America's Got Talent" was ordered on September 1, 2015. The season premiered on NBC on Tuesday, May 31, 2016. Nick Cannon returned for his eighth and final season as host. Howie Mandel returned for his seventh season as a judge,

title: America's Got Talent (season 5)

text: got to meet with and have a dinner and drinks with the judges, who offered advice to the contestants. The results show aired on Thursday, May 19, 2011 at 12:00am (1 hour) and featured performances from Sarah McLachlan and the cast of "American Idiot", determining who made the top four spots in the finals. Singing sensation Susan Boyle, who was a contestant on the third series of "Got Talent"'s sister show "Britain's Got Talent", was scheduled to perform at the results show but was not able to. The producers of the show had not been given the rights to the

title: America's Got Talent (season 3)

text: 1, 2008. America's Got Talent (season 3) The third season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered on NBC on June 17, 2008. Opera singer Neal E. Boyd was named the winner on October 1, 2008. Preliminary auditions were held in New York, Dallas, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Chicago, and MySpace from January to April. David Hasselhoff, Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned as judges. Jerry Springer also returned as host. It premiered in the United Kingdom on the channel ITV2, 7 months after the United States premiere. It premiered in Singapore on Channel 5 in

title: America's Got Talent (season 10)

text: place. On June 23rd, 2016 (during the Judge Cuts round) Howard Stern announced on his radio show that season 10 was going to be his last season. “I told them (NBC) that this is my last season.” It was announced a few weeks after Stern’s abrupt departure that Simon Cowell would replace him for season 11. Among the changes for the season are more extreme acts, an enhanced Golden Buzzer, and new elements in the boot camp round. The live shows began on Tuesday, August 11 and the later rounds returned to Radio City Music Hall. Some auditions were held

title: America's Got Talent

text: winner of the season, the first magic act to win the competition. Singer Emily West was the runner-up. Season ten premiered on May 26, 2015. Producer auditions began on November 2, 2014, in Tampa. Other audition sites included Nashville, Richmond (Virginia), New York, Chicago, St. Louis, San Antonio, Albuquerque, San Francisco, Seattle, Boise, Las Vegas, and Los Angeles. Online submissions were also accepted. Howard Stern rumored on his radio show on October 1, 2014, that he might not return, but announced on December 8 that he would return for the upcoming season. Nick Cannon returned for his seventh season as

title: America's Got Talent (season 2)

text: Performance: July 24, 2007 Result: July 31, 2007 Performance: July 31, 2007 Result: August 7, 2007 Performance: August 7, 2007 Result: August 14, 2007 Performance: August 14, 2007 Result: August 21, 2007 America's Got Talent (season 2) The second season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered on the NBC network on June 5, 2007 with a two-hour episode. Tabloid talk show host Jerry Springer succeeded Regis Philbin as host. Piers Morgan and David Hasselhoff returned as judges, joined by newcomer Sharon Osbourne. Brandy Norwood voluntarily stepped down as judge after a wrongful death lawsuit

title: America's Got Talent (season 10)

text: America's Got Talent (season 10) Season Ten of the reality competition television series "America's Got Talent" was the 10th annual installment of the series and premiered on May 26, 2015. It concluded on September 16, 2015. Nick Cannon returned as host for his seventh season. Howie Mandel returned for his sixth season as a judge, and Howard Stern returned for his fourth and final season. Mel B and Heidi Klum both returned for their third seasons on the judging panel. On July 29, the show aired a special two-hour tenth anniversary retrospective episode. The series returned to Radio City Music

title: America's Got Talent (season 6)

text: season six took place over two nights. The one-hour performance episode aired on September 13, 2011, and featured a performance from season two winner Terry Fator. The two-hour finale aired on September 14, 2011, featuring special performances from many guest performers, including Def Leppard, OneRepublic, a duet with Tony Bennett and Queen Latifah, the cast of Cirque du Soleil's "Iris", and season five runner-up Jackie Evancho. It also included celebrity-contestant duet performances. Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr. performed with Patti Labelle, Team iLuminate with Cobra Starship, the Silhouettes with LeAnn Rimes, and POPLYFE with Stevie Wonder. The performance show was watched

title: America's Got Talent (season 4)

text: is the list of the acts who passed through to the live rounds. America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of "America's Got Talent", an American television reality show talent competition, premiered on the NBC network on June 23, 2009. Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16, 2009. This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition. This season's host is Nick Cannon, who replaced Jerry Springer. Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments. David Hasselhoff, Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges, despite rumors that Osbourne

title: America's Got Talent (season 3)

text: America's Got Talent (season 3) The third season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered on NBC on June 17, 2008. Opera singer Neal E. Boyd was named the winner on October 1, 2008. Preliminary auditions were held in New York, Dallas, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Chicago, and MySpace from January to April. David Hasselhoff, Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned as judges. Jerry Springer also returned as host. It premiered in the United Kingdom on the channel ITV2, 7 months after the United States premiere. It premiered in Singapore on Channel 5 in September 2008,

title: America's Got Talent (season 2)

text: America's Got Talent (season 2) The second season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered on the NBC network on June 5, 2007 with a two-hour episode. Tabloid talk show host Jerry Springer succeeded Regis Philbin as host. Piers Morgan and David Hasselhoff returned as judges, joined by newcomer Sharon Osbourne. Brandy Norwood voluntarily stepped down as judge after a wrongful death lawsuit was brought against her for her involvement in a fatal car collision. The second season of the show was originally announced to debut in January 2007, with a timeslot of Sunday nights

title: America's Got Talent (season 11)

text: always been on the farthest left (from the live audience's perspective) whenever he's on the judging panel. Auditions in front of the judges began on March 3, 2016 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. The premiere aired on May 31, 2016. The season had preliminary open call auditions in Detroit, New York City, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, Las Vegas, San Jose, San Diego, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Orlando, and Dallas. As in years past, hopeful contestants could also submit online auditions. This season again featured the golden buzzer, which allowed each judge (and host Nick Cannon) to

title: America's Got Talent (season 8)

text: America's Got Talent (season 8) Season eight of the reality competition series "America's Got Talent" premiered on June 4, 2013, and ended on September 18, 2013. Judges Howie Mandel and Howard Stern returned for their respective fourth and second season. Sharon Osbourne was replaced by Heidi Klum following her departure after six seasons on the show, while Mel B became the fourth judge. Snapple continues to be the official beverage sponsor of "America's Got Talent" and their products are featured on the show throughout the season, along with their cups on the judges' desk. "America's Got Talent" shot their live

title: America's Got Talent (season 5)

text: show is once again hosted by Nick Cannon with Sharon Osbourne and Piers Morgan as judges. Piers Morgan announced on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" on July 27, 2010 that he signed a three year contract to stay on "Talent". America's Got Talent (season 5) The fifth season of America's Got Talent, an American television reality show talent competition, premiered in the United States on the NBC network and on Canada's Global on June 1, 2010. Soul singer Michael Grimm was named the winner on May 26, 2011, beating 10-year-old classical crossover singer Jackie Evancho. The season 5 selection

title: America's Got Talent (season 11)

text: first time that females placed in the top two positions. Magician Jon Dorenbos, an NFL long snapper for the Philadelphia Eagles, placed third. On October 22, 2015, it was announced that creator Simon Cowell would replace Howard Stern as a judge for season 11. On January 12, 2016, it was announced that Mel B, Heidi Klum, and Howie Mandel would all return as judges, with Nick Cannon returning as host. The live shows will also move from New York back to Los Angeles, due to Howard Stern's departure. The live shows will be held at the Dolby Theatre. This season

title: America's Got Talent

text: by NET. since October 22, 2016 every Saturday and Sunday at 10 pm WIB. But, since Monday, October 31, in addition to the weekend slot, the show has also been broadcast every Monday to Friday at 5 pm WIB as the replacement of the currently concluded TV drama, the second season of "", which was concluded on Friday, October 28, 2016. In the United Kingdom, TruTV, along with simulcasts on the Local Television Limited network, show America's Got Talent, with TruTV showing it from the tenth season. The thirteenth season of the show will air on AXN Asia, together with

title: America's Got Talent (season 9)

text: America's Got Talent (season 9) Season nine of the reality competition series "America's Got Talent" premiered on May 27, 2014 and was won by magician Mat Franco. Nick Cannon returned for his sixth season as host. This is Howie Mandel's fifth season, Howard Stern's third season, and Mel B and Heidi Klum both returned for their second season on the judging panel. The live shows were shot from Radio City Music Hall in New York. The season ended on September 17, 2014. Emily West took second place while Acro Army, a gymnastics group, took third place. On April 8, 2014,

title: America's Got Talent (season 1)

text: America's Got Talent (season 1) The first season of "America's Got Talent" premiered on June 21, 2006 and concluded on August 17, 2006. The audition tour took place in April 2006, stopping at Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago. Regis Philbin was the host for this season. David Hasselhoff, Brandy Norwood, and Piers Morgan were the judges. This season's winner was Bianca Ryan. For the audition round, each of the three judges has a red button in front of them that they can press when they do not want the act to continue; the button rings an electronic bell and

title: America's Got Talent

text: Stern as a judge for season 11. Mel B, Heidi Klum and Howie Mandel all returned as judges, with Nick Cannon returning as host. The live shows moved from New York back to Los Angeles, due to Stern's departure, at the Dolby Theatre. Auditions in front of the judges began on March 3, 2016 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. The season premiered on May 31, 2016. On September 14, 12-year-old singer-songwriter and ukulele player Grace VanderWaal was announced as the second female and second child to win "America's Got Talent" (Bianca Ryan, age 11, was first). Magician

title: America's Got Talent (season 13)

text: Season thirteen of the reality competition series America's Got Talent is set to premiere on May 29, 2018 on NBC.  Howie Mandel, Mel B, Heidi Klum and Simon Cowell are set to return as judges for their respective ninth, sixth, sixth, and third seasons. Meanwhile, Supermodel and businesswoman Tyra Banks will return for her second season as host. The live shows return to the Dolby Theatre. AGT is co-produced by FremantleMedia North America and Syco Entertainment, Cowell's company.

title: America's Got Talent (season 13)


question: who invented the submarine during the civil war

answers: Horace Lawson Hunley

title: National Guard Militia Museum of New Jersey

text: War II photographs and static displays of vehicles and aircraft. The Intelligent Whale, an experimental hand-cranked submarine based on an 1863 design is on display. Lawsuits and cost overruns meant the submarine wasn't available for combat in the Civil War. Originally planned to cost $15,000, the total cost ran up to quadruple the original estimate by the time it was completed in the late 1860s in Newark by the American Submarine Company. The submarine could carry four crew members who operated a hand-cranked propeller and could travel underwater at four knots. Compressed air allowed it to operate underwater for a

title: Turtle (submersible)

text: David Bush, where he taught school and practiced medicine. He died largely unknown in Georgia in 1824. After the war, inventors such as Robert Fulton were influenced by Bushnell's designs in the development of underwater explosives. Despite "Turtle"'s shortcomings, Bushnell's invention marked an important milestone in submarine technology. The American inventor Robert Fulton conceived of his submarine "Nautilus" in the first years of the nineteenth century and took it to Europe when the United States proved largely uninterested in the design. During the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America, faced with a similar situation to that of the

title: Jay A. DeLoach

text: down in a storm off the coast of North Carolina in 1863, close to where the USS "Monitor" went down. Using a variety of remote sensing instruments, researchers from NOAA, the Office of Naval Research, and East Carolina University conducted the first comprehensive hunt for lost Civil War vessel. The USS "Alligator" was the first submarine built during the Civil War by the Union Navy. The Navy wanted such a vessel to counter the threat posed to its wooden-hulled blockaders by the former screw frigate Merrimack which, according to intelligence reports, the Norfolk Navy Yard was rebuilding as an ironclad

title: Bayou St. John submarine

text: Bayou St. John submarine The Bayou St. John Confederate Submarine is an early military submarine built for use by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. The submarine is constructed of riveted iron, long, wide and deep, with a hand-cranked propeller. No period documentation for the submarine is known to exist, and its original name and many details about it remain unknown. The submarine was rediscovered in 1878 during dredging of Bayou St. John where it joins Lake Pontchartrain in New Orleans, Louisiana, where the submarine was presumably scuttled to prevent it falling into Union hands after

title: Bayou St. John submarine

text: In 1999 the submarine was transported to Baton Rouge, where the old concrete was removed as part of major restoration work. Afterwards, the submarine was placed on display at the Capitol Park Museum - Baton Rouge. Bayou St. John submarine The Bayou St. John Confederate Submarine is an early military submarine built for use by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. The submarine is constructed of riveted iron, long, wide and deep, with a hand-cranked propeller. No period documentation for the submarine is known to exist, and its original name and many details about it remain

title: Josiah Tuck

text: Josiah Tuck Josiah Hamilton Langdon Tuck (October 12, 1824 – October 14, 1900) was an American inventor and pioneering submarine designer. In addition to his submarine work, Tuck was granted several other patents. Tuck was granted for a "submarine vessel" in 1884. His submarine prototype, the "Peacemaker", was tested with mixed success in 1884, 1885 and 1886 in New York's harbor. In its final form, it was powered by a chemical reaction based on caustic soda and it was armed with electrically fused buoyant "torpedos" (), explosive charges that were intended to be planted under enemy ships. In 1888, the

title: Brutus de Villeroi

text: the performance of the submarine and its interest to the Navy: De Villeroi's next ship, the USS "Alligator", would be largely inspired from this design. De Villeroi proposed a submarine design to the United States Navy, to counter the threat of Confederate States Navy ironclad warships. The Navy signed a contract with him in autumn 1861, for the submarine to be built in 40 days, for a sum of $14,000. The ship became the US Navy's first submarine, the "Alligator". It was never officially commissioned and therefore does not have the "USS" prefix. De Villeroi supervised the first phases of

title: USS Alligator (1862)

text: USS Alligator (1862) The USS Alligator, the fourth United States Navy ship of that name, is the first known U.S. Navy submarine, and was active during the American Civil War. The first American submarine, built during the Revolutionary War, was "Turtle", which the civilian David Bushnell designed and built, and Sergeant Ezra Lee of the Continental Army operated. In the autumn of 1861, the Navy asked the firm of Neafie & Levy to construct a small submersible ship designed by the French engineer Brutus de Villeroi, who also acted as a supervisor during the first phase of the construction. The

title: Submarine warfare

text: during the American Civil War. The 1860s was a time of many turning points in terms of how naval warfare was fought. Many new types of warships were being developed for use in the United States and Confederate States Navies. Submarine watercraft were among the newly created vessels. The first sinking of an enemy ship by a submarine occurred on 17 February 1864, when the Confederate submarine , a privateer sank the sloop in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Shortly afterward, however, "H. L. Hunley" sank, with the loss of her entire crew of eight. Submarine warfare in World War I

title: USS Alligator (1862)

text: United States Navy's first submarine. Attribution USS Alligator (1862) The USS Alligator, the fourth United States Navy ship of that name, is the first known U.S. Navy submarine, and was active during the American Civil War. The first American submarine, built during the Revolutionary War, was "Turtle", which the civilian David Bushnell designed and built, and Sergeant Ezra Lee of the Continental Army operated. In the autumn of 1861, the Navy asked the firm of Neafie & Levy to construct a small submersible ship designed by the French engineer Brutus de Villeroi, who also acted as a supervisor during the

title: French weapons in the American Civil War

text: it was converted after 6 months to a screw propeller powered by a hand crank. With a crew of 20, it was larger than Confederate submarines. "Alligator" was 47 feet (14.3 m) long and about 4 feet (1.2 m) in diameter. The submarine was lost in a storm off Cape Hatteras on April 1, 1863 with no crew and under tow to its first combat deployment at Charleston. As the Confederacy struggled against the North, it attempted to purchase one of the latest ironclads from France, the "Stonewall" (later acquired by Japan after the end of the war). The ship,

title: Josiah Tuck

text: US government announced a competition for submarine designs. Tuck submitted his design along with a number of other inventors, including John Philip Holland, Thorsten Nordenfelt and George C. Baker. Holland won the competition, but due to irregularities the contract was not awarded. Josiah Tuck Josiah Hamilton Langdon Tuck (October 12, 1824 – October 14, 1900) was an American inventor and pioneering submarine designer. In addition to his submarine work, Tuck was granted several other patents. Tuck was granted for a "submarine vessel" in 1884. His submarine prototype, the "Peacemaker", was tested with mixed success in 1884, 1885 and 1886 in

title: Brutus de Villeroi

text: ever been established. In 1856, de Villeroi emigrated to the United States. During the late 1850s, Brutus de Villeroi went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States, where he developed several submarines. He is recorded in an 1860 American census, where his occupation is described as "natural genius". His first American submarine was built for salvage purposes, and it gained fame when it was seized on May 16, 1861, by the suspicious Philadelphia police as it sailed up the Delaware River. Commander Henry K. Hoff, USN, wrote a report to Captain S.F. Dupont, Commanding Officer of Naval Station Philadelphia, describing

title: History of submarines

text: in 1814 Silas Halsey lost his life while using a submarine in an unsuccessful attack on a British warship stationed in New London harbor. During the American Civil War, the Union was the first to field a submarine. The French-designed "Alligator" was the first U.S. Navy sub and the first to feature compressed air (for air supply) and an air filtration system. It was the first submarine to carry a diver lock, which allowed a diver to plant electrically detonated mines on enemy ships. Initially hand-powered by oars, it was converted after 6 months to a screw propeller powered by

title: Charles A. Morris

text: The United States Navy's first commissioned submarine, . Morris served as the shipyard superintending engineer on the submarine project from 1896-1897. The pioneering submarine was purchased by the United States Government on 11 April 1900. Charles A. Morris Charles A. Morris (1853 - March 8, 1914) was a Bloomfield, New Jersey engineer who owned his own dredging firm in New Jersey in the 1880s. Born in 1853, Morris came from a family of engineers and inventors. He invented a sliding bucket used for loading ships and other shipping devices. He helped the pioneering inventor John Philip Holland gain acceptance of

title: Julius H. Kroehl

text: Julius H. Kroehl Julius Hermann Kroehl (in German, "Kröhl") was a German American inventor and engineer. He invented and built the first submarine able to dive and resurface on its own, the Sub Marine Explorer, technically advanced for its era. His achievements in architecture, civil and mechanical engineering were also significant. Julius Hermann Kröhl was born 1820 in Memel, East Prussia (today Klaipėda in Lithuania). His family moved to Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia around 1828. He arrived in New York City on 29 July 1844 on board the "Fairfield". While residing in New York City, he became an American citizen

title: Confederate Secret Service

text: Horace Hunley put together a group of investors to finance the submarine that bears his name, hoping to profit from the bounties. Private individuals with engineering experience such as E. C. Singer, C. Williams, and Zere McDaniel developed and patented new torpedoes and fuses. Developed by Thomas Courtenay of the Confederate Secret Service, coal torpedoes were hollow metal castings resembling a lump of coal. The castings were filled with powder and then secreted in the coal bunker of enemy vessels. When the coal replicas were shoveled into the fire boxes of ship's boilers, the resulting explosions either damaged or sank

title: George E. Dixon

text: George E. Dixon George Erasmus Dixon (1837? – February 17, 1864) was a first lieutenant in the Confederate Army in the American Civil War. He is best known as the commander of the Confederate submarine "H.L. Hunley" during her successful mission to sink the Union blockading ship off Charleston, South Carolina. Although Dixon's early life is largely unknown, the 1860 census lists him as a 23-year-old native of Kentucky or maybe South Carolina. He was a steamboat engineer and had lived in New Orleans, Louisiana before moving to Mobile, Alabama. Dixon's expensive tailor-made uniform and jewellery found on his remains

title: H. L. Hunley (submarine)

text: after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina. "Hunley", nearly long, was built at Mobile, Alabama, and launched in July 1863. She was then shipped by rail on August 12, 1863, to Charleston. "Hunley" (then referred to as the "fish boat", the "fish torpedo boat", or the "porpoise") sank on August 29, 1863, during a test run, killing five members of her crew. She sank again on October 15, 1863, killing all eight of her second crew, including Horace Hunley himself, who was aboard at the time, even though

title: Submarine

text: accommodate a single person. It was the first verified submarine capable of independent underwater operation and movement, and the first to use screws for propulsion. In 1800, France built a human-powered submarine designed by American Robert Fulton, the . The French eventually gave up on the experiment in 1804, as did the British when they later considered Fulton's submarine design. In 1864, late in the American Civil War, the Confederate navy's became the first military submarine to sink an enemy vessel, the Union sloop-of-war . In the aftermath of its successful attack against the ship, the "Hunley" also sank, possibly

title: H. L. Hunley (submarine)

text: to and egress from the hull difficult. The height of the ship's hull was . By July 1863, the "Hunley" was ready for a demonstration. Supervised by Confederate Admiral Franklin Buchanan, the "Hunley" successfully attacked a coal flatboat in Mobile Bay. Following this, the submarine was shipped by rail to Charleston, South Carolina, arriving on August 12, 1863. However, the Confederate military seized the submarine from her private builders and owners shortly after arriving, turning her over to the Confederate Army. The "Hunley" would operate as a Confederate Army vessel from then on, although Horace Hunley and his partners would

title: George Garrett (inventor)

text: George Garrett (inventor) George William Littler Garrett (4 July 1852 – 26 February 1902) was a British clergyman and inventor who pioneered submarine design. He was brought up in Moss Side in Manchester, Lancashire, England, the son of an Irish-born Church of England curate. He attended Rossall School near Fleetwood and then Manchester Grammar School, then studied Chemistry and General Science at Owens College (also in Manchester) before attending Trinity College, Dublin. He was appointed assistant master at the Manchester Mechanics' Institute and subsequently obtained a BA degree. In 1873, he passed the Cambridge Theological Examination and became a curate

title: Basil Zaharoff

text: vertical position, from which it sank by the stern. At this time Spanish inventor Isaac Peral designed and built the first submarine capable of navigating underwater with a decent level of control and with the ability to launch torpedoes both submerged and on the surface. This was the first proper submarine, solving the problems of propulsion, stability and armament all at once. Peral's submarine was driven by electric propulsion, and had a periscope, target practice apparatus, compensating compass needle, gyroscope, sliding electric torpedo tube launcher and servomotor (to maintain the stability and the trim of the ship in all circumstances).

title: American Diver

text: Hunley". The "Hunley" eventually became the first combat submarine to sink an enemy warship. The "Diver" was designed and built by the consortium in late 1862. Over the course of several months many costly attempts were made to propel the submarine with some type of electrical motor and then a steam engine, but both methods proved to be failures. The steam engine was finally replaced by a hand-crank. The submarine was ready for trials by January 1863. It required four crew members to turn the propeller crank and one to steer and was deemed to be too slow by the

title: Sinking of USS Housatonic

text: Sinking of USS Housatonic The Sinking of USS "Housatonic" on 17 February 1864 during the American Civil War was an important turning point in naval warfare. The Confederate States Navy submarine, "H.L. Hunley" made her first and only attack on a Union Navy warship when she staged a clandestine night attack on the in Charleston harbor. The "Hunley" approached just under the surface, avoiding detection until the last moments, then embedded and remotely detonated a spar torpedo that rapidly sank the sloop-of-war with the loss of five Union sailors. The "Hunley" became renowned as the first submarine to successfully sink

title: George Baker (inventor)

text: The contract ended up awarded to the Holland Torpedo Boat Company in 1895. The collaboration between Holland and the navy ultimately lead to the USS Holland (SS-1), the first modern submarine commissioned in the United States Navy. George Baker (inventor) George Collin Baker (December 21, 1844 - March 23, 1894) was an American inventor and submarine pioneer. In 1888, the US government announced a competition for submarine designs. Plans were submitted by Baker, John Philip Holland, Thorsten Nordenfelt and Josiah Tuck. Holland won the competition, but due to irregularities the contract was not awarded. Baker nevertheless built his submarine prototype

title: History of submarines

text: by Magnus Pegelius. Its fate was to become buried in mud. In 1596 the Scottish mathematician and theologian John Napier wrote in his "Secret Inventions" the following: "These inventions besides devises of sayling under water with divers, other devises and strategems for harming of the enemyes by the Grace of God and worke of expert Craftsmen I hope to perform." It's unclear whether or not Napier ever carried out his plans. Henry Briggs, who was professor of mathematics at Gresham College, London, and later at Oxford, was a friend of Napier, whom he visited in 1615 and 1616, and was

title: Brutus de Villeroi

text: Brutus de Villeroi Brutus de Villeroi (1794–1874) was a French engineer of the 19th century, born Brutus Amédée Villeroi (he added the aristocratic "de" in his later years) in the city of Tours and soon moved to Nantes, who developed some of the first operational submarines, and the first submarine of the United States Navy, the Alligator in 1862. In 1832, de Villeroi completed a small submarine, possibly named "Nautilus" in reference to the 1800 submarine created by Robert Fulton. The submarine was 10 feet, 6 inches long by 27 inches high by 25 inches wide and displaced about six

title: American Diver

text: team. Nonetheless, it was decided in February 1863, to tow the submarine down the bay to Fort Morgan and attempt an attack on the Union blockade of Mobile. However, the submarine foundered in the heavy chop caused by foul weather and the currents at the mouth of Mobile Bay and sank. The crew escaped, but the boat was not recovered. American Diver American Diver, also known as the Pioneer II, was a prototype submarine built for the Confederate States of America military. It was the first successor to the "Pioneer". The "Diver" was invented and built by the same consortium

title: H. L. Hunley (submarine)

title: H. L. Hunley (submarine)

long_answer: H. L. Hunley, often referred to as Hunley, was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that played a small part in the American Civil War. Hunley demonstrated the advantages and the dangers of undersea warfare. She was the first combat submarine to sink a warship (USS Housatonic), although Hunley was not completely submerged and, following her successful attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base. The Confederacy lost 21 crewmen in three sinkings of Hunley during her short career. She was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina.


question: who's winning the election in virginia for governor

answers: Ralph Northam

answers: Democratic nominee Ralph Northam

title: Republican Party of Virginia

text: starts this year in Virginia," said Michael Steele chair of the Republican National Committee. Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling, who declined to run for governor to avoid a primary fight with McDonnell, defeated Patrick Muldoon for the Lieutenant Governor nomination. State Senator Ken Cuccinelli, who the "Washington Post" described as "one of the most conservative members of the General Assembly," defeated John Brownlee and David M. Foster for the Attorney General nomination. All three candidates won handily in the November elections, in a victory for Republicans that was seen as a rebuke of the Democratic Party's policies in the White

title: 2009 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: and McDonnell both ran for Attorney General of Virginia in 2005. McDonnell won by just over 300 votes, in the same election in which Tim Kaine was elected Governor with 52% of the vote. The main themes of the election were the economy, transportation, and jobs. The first debate was in Hot Springs, Virginia on July 25. Vice President Joe Biden campaigned for Deeds in Henrico County, Virginia, a suburb of Richmond, Virginia on July 16. Also attending were Richmond Mayor Dwight Clinton Jones, state Senator A. Donald McEachin (D-Henrico), and Virginia first lady Anne Holton. On August 6, President

title: A Perfect Candidate

text: A Perfect Candidate A Perfect Candidate is a 1996 documentary about the 1994 U.S. Senate race in Virginia between Democrat Chuck Robb and Republican Oliver North. The film aired on television as part of the PBS series P.O.V. in 1997, earning the network an Emmy Award nomination. Screened at only a few locations, the film grossed $134,485 at the box office. The film received mostly positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives it a 88% "fresh" rating, based on 17 reviews and an average score of 7/10. Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars. On At the

title: 2009 United States gubernatorial elections

text: nomination included Terry McAuliffe, former Chairman of the Democratic National Committee and Hillary Clinton's former campaign manager; State Senator Creigh Deeds; and State Delegate Brian Moran. Deeds won the Democratic primary on June 9, 2009 with approximately 49% of the vote, beating out Terry McAliffe with 26% and Brian Moran with 23%. The Republican nominee was Virginia Attorney General Bob McDonnell. This was the sixth consecutive Virginian gubernatorial election where an elected Attorney General has run. On November 3, 2009, Bob McDonnell defeated Creigh Deeds to become Governor-elect of Virginia. His margin of victory was a landslide 59% to 41%.

text: 2009 Bob McDonnell gubernatorial campaign Former Attorney General of Virginia Bob McDonnell was the Republican nominee for the 2009 gubernatorial race in the U.S. Commonwealth of Virginia. At the Virginia State Convention on May 30, 2009, he officially received the party's nomination, as Republican Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling decided against opposing him. His opponent in the general election was State Senator Creigh Deeds, a Democrat from Bath County. Although the race was close in September, McDonnell began take a commanding leads in the poll heading into election day, when he defeated his opponent by a margin of 18 points. He

title: 2005 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: ads run by Kilgore, have also been cited as key to his decisive win. The election was the most expensive in Virginia history, with the candidates combined raising over $42 million Kilgore resigned as Attorney General in February 2005 to run for Governor (as is the convention in Virginia) and easily won the primary election against Warrenton Mayor George B. Fitch to become the Republican nominee. In the general election, he ran against Democratic nominee Tim Kaine, the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, and State Senator Russ Potts, a pro-choice Republican who ran as an independent candidate. Early in the race,

title: 2021 United States gubernatorial elections

text: 53.9% of the vote. He will be term-limited in 2021, as the Virginia Constitution does not allow governors to serve consecutive terms. Attorney General Mark Herring, a Democrat, announced he was running for governor. Other potential Democratic candidates include Lieutenant Governor of Virginia Justin Fairfax, former U.S. Representative and 2017 gubernatorial candidate Tom Perriello, and Richmond, Virginia mayor Levar Stoney. Potential Republican candidates include State Senator Frank Wagner, 2017 Gubernatorial Nominee Ed Gillespie, 2018 U.S. Senate nominee Corey Stewart, former Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling, former Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, U.S. Representatives Rob Wittman, Denver Riggleman, Bob Goodlatte, and Morgan Griffith.

title: 2013 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: of over $4.3 million worth of airtime for television ads supporting McAuliffe or opposing Cuccinelli. Americans for Prosperity, Citizens United, the Virginia Principles Fund PAC, National Rifle Association Political Victory Fund, the Ending Spending Fund, and the Fight for Tomorrow PAC have purchased a combined total of just over $2 million worth of airtime for television ads supporting Cuccinelli or opposing McAuliffe. Purple PAC, a Libertarian-leaning super PAC, spent over $300,000 in television ads designed to boost the Sarvis campaign before election day. Polls indicated McAuliffe would win comfortably on Election Day. However, the race was much closer than expected.

text: for the Democratic, Republican, and Green parties' respective nominees for president. Virginia voters do not register by party. The Democratic Party candidate, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton of New York, carried Virginia with a 49.7% plurality in the popular vote against businessman Donald Trump of New York, who carried 44.4%, a victory margin of 5.3%. Clinton seemed to benefit from having Tim Kaine on the ticket. Whereas the national popular vote swung 1.9% Republican from the previous election, Virginia swung 1.37% Democratic. Kaine himself became optimistic on election night after it became clear that he and Clinton would win

title: 2016 Virginia Democratic primary

text: rural Central Virginia and western Virginia including the Shenandoah Valley, winning 54-43 over Bernie Sanders and carrying the city of Roanoke. Clinton also won the eastern region of Virginia, including the major city of Richmond, by a margin of 66-34. She won in the Tidewater region of Virginia 72-28. 2016 Virginia Democratic primary The 2016 Virginia Democratic primary took place on March 1 in the U.S. state of Virginia as one of the Democratic Party's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. On the same day, dubbed "Super Tuesday," Democratic primaries were held in ten other states plus American Samoa,

title: Jamestown Associates

text: Republican Senatorial Committee ad to be broadcast in West Virginia. Beginning in 2012 and continuing through 2016, Miller and Jamestown took on several insurgent candidates challenging Republican incumbents. These included Richard Mourdock, in Indiana (who defeated longtime Sen. Richard Lugar in the 2012 primary, losing to Democrat Joe Donnelly in the fall; Congressman Paul Broun, who lost his nomination bid for Georgia Senator; and radiologist Milton Wolf, who nearly upset Kansas Sen. Pat Roberts in the August 2014 primary. They were retained by the Club for Growth PAC, in its challenge to a GOP incumbent in Mississippi and support for

title: 2005 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: for a Democrat in rural areas of the commonwealth, Kaine's win featured surprising triumphs in traditionally Republican areas such as Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, and the Northern Virginia suburbs of Prince William County and Loudoun County, as well as impressive showings in Democratic strongholds such as Richmond and Norfolk. 2005 Virginia gubernatorial election The Virginia gubernatorial election of 2005 was a race for the Governor of Virginia, United States, held on November 8, 2005, and won by Democrat Tim Kaine, who now serves as the junior senator for the state. Virginia is the only state in the United States to prohibit

text: 2006 United States Senate election in Virginia The 2006 United States Senate election in Virginia was held November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican George Allen ran for reelection to a second term, but lost in a narrow race to Democrat Jim Webb. Allen, who previously served as Governor of Virginia and was considered a possible candidate for president in 2008, was running for his second term. Webb, a decorated Vietnam War veteran, writer and former Secretary of the Navy under Ronald Reagan won the Democratic nomination after being drafted by netroots activists, such as those at the blog Raising Kaine. Polls

title: Jerry Kilgore (politician)

text: George B. Fitch to become the Republican nominee. In the general election, he ran against Democratic nominee Tim Kaine, the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, and State Senator Russ Potts, a pro-choice Republican who ran as an independent candidate. Early in the race, Kilgore showed solid leads of ten points or more in the polls, but Kaine steadily closed the gap and ultimately defeated Kilgore by a margin of 52% to 46%. Kilgore's campaign was at times criticized for taking steps to avoid debates; Kilgore refused to debate Potts for the majority of the campaign, at times leaving Kaine and Potts

title: Tareq Salahi

text: White House gate crashing in detail. Critics have noted that the show's producers edited the material in ways that exaggerated the truth. In 2014, Salahi lost a celebrity boxing match to Jose Canseco on a DirecTV pay per view special. On April 25, 2012, Salahi announced his candidacy as a Republican for Governor of Virginia in the 2013 Virginia gubernatorial election. When making his announcement, Salahi stated that his candidacy would avenge a lawsuit that Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli II, who was hoping to become the Republican gubernatorial nominee, had recently brought against him. He added that the lawsuit

title: Bob Marshall (Virginia politician)

text: that he was running for John Warner's U.S. Senate seat. He was running against former Governor Jim Gilmore for the Republican nomination. Marshall ran well to Gilmore's right, claiming Gilmore is too soft on abortion. While Gilmore believes a woman should be able to choose whether to end her pregnancy in the first eight weeks, Marshall opposes abortion in all circumstances. After months of speculation, on January 12, 2012, Marshall confirmed that he would enter the race for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate seat held by the retiring Jim Webb. He formally announced his candidacy on January 16,

title: Jerry Kilgore (politician)

text: election, and a bitter division between the moderate and conservative wings of the Republican party over tax and spending priorities. Jerry Kilgore (politician) Jerry Walter Kilgore (born August 23, 1961) is an American attorney, politician and member of the Republican Party. He served as the Attorney General of Virginia from 2002 to 2005 and was the Republican nominee for Governor of Virginia in 2005, losing to Democratic nominee Tim Kaine. He is a partner with the law firm Cozen O'Connor and is a member of the firm's leading State Attorneys General practice in Washington, D.C. He also serves as finance

title: 2017 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: of Conservation Voters; Michael D. Bills; and the Laborers' International Union of North America. Gillespie's top five donors are the Republican Governors Association; A Stronger Virginia; Let's Grow Virginia; Marlene Ricketts; and Dwight Schar. Hyra's top five donors are Michael Chastain; Hyra himself; the Libertarian Party of Virginia; Paradise Indian Restaurant; and nine donors who have given the same amount. Even though polls in the weeks before the election showed a highly competitive race, some even showing Gillespie ahead, Northam won by a larger margin than expected, about nine percent, and more than 200,000 votes. Gillespie was unable to come

title: 2013 Republican Party of Virginia convention

text: candidates. Mark Obenshain narrowly defeated Rob Bell for the attorney general nomination. In 2008, incumbent Lt. Governor Bill Bolling made a deal with then-Attorney General Bob McDonnell whereby McDonnell would run for governor and Bolling would run for re-election as lieutenant governor in 2009, and then Bolling would receive McDonnell's support for his own candidacy for governor in 2013. The deal was widely known and as such, Bolling was effectively running for Governor since 2009, and in April 2010, Bolling filed the necessary paperwork to run in 2013. Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, elected alongside McDonnell and Bolling in 2009,

title: 2013 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: issues including transportation, federal healthcare, abortion, Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell, same-sex marriage, and other topics. PBS' Judy Woodruff moderated the debate. Libertarian Sarvis was not invited to join the debate, but he attended the event to greet voters. Cuccinelli and McAuliffe discussed their plans for Virginia's largest industry, agriculture and forest products, on Friday, August 2, 2013, at Wytheville Community College in Wytheville, Virginia. The candidates also discussed topics including transportation and healthcare. The forum was hosted by the Farm Bureau's Young Farmers Committee. Libertarian Sarvis was not invited. Cuccinelli and McAuliffe appeared Tuesday, August 6, 2013, at the Norfolk

title: Republican Party of Virginia

text: Senate in the 2012 election to replace Jim Webb. Former Virginia Governor and U.S. Senator George Allen, who lost his Senate seat in 2006 to Webb, won the nomination with 65% of the vote in the June 2012 primary. In the November general election, Allen lost to Tim Kaine by a margin of 53%-47%, and Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney lost Virginia to Barack Obama by a margin of 51%-47%. The party held on to its eight Virginia seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. In 2013, the party nominated Ken Cuccinelli for governor, E.W. Jackson for lieutenant governor, and

title: Terry McAuliffe

text: to Virginia." He also cited his ability to raise money for down-ticket Democratic candidates. McAuliffe's political team included campaign manager Mike Henry, senior strategist Mo Elleithee, and communications director Delacey Skinner. McAuliffe raised over $7.5 million during the campaign and donated an additional $500,000 to himself. In the primary election, McAuliffe faced two high-profile Democrats, State Senator Creigh Deeds, the 2005 Democratic nominee for Attorney General of Virginia, and Brian Moran, a former Virginia House of Delegates Minority Leader. On June 9, 2009, McAuliffe placed second with 26% of the vote; Deeds received 50% and Moran garnered 24%. On November

title: 2009 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: in which an Attorney General has run. McDonnell was the only Republican candidate to file with the election board before the November 2008 deadline. As a result, there was no Republican Party primary. McDonnell accepted the Republican nomination at a state convention on May 30, 2009, in Richmond. Chairman of the Republican National Committee Michael Steele had said that the election for governor of Virginia is one of the most important elections for the Republican Party. The Democratic primary campaign for governor unofficially began in December 2007 when State Senator Creigh Deeds announced his candidacy for governor. He was joined

text: Virginia has a significant number of African American voters, many of whom backed Clinton in the primary and both of President Barack Obama's wins in the state. The third was the state’s growing share of well-educated suburban voters, especially in the suburbs surrounding Washington, D.C., who were moving away from the Republican Party in response to Trump being nominated for president. The fourth was Clinton's pick of the state's own US Senator, Tim Kaine, as her Vice Presidential running mate. While polls throughout the campaign showed Clinton leading Republican Donald Trump by varying margins in Virginia, it was announced on

title: 2005 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: him speaking to voters about his religious convictions, his relentless in-person campaigning across the state, and his opposition to tax increases. Experienced attorney Lawrence Roberts served as Kaine's campaign chairman. In contrast, Kilgore's campaign had many political disadvantages, including a backlash over the death penalty ads that Kilgore's campaign ran in the fall, the relatively low poll numbers of then-President George W. Bush at the time the election, and a bitter division between the moderate and conservative wings of the Republican party over tax and spending priorities. While the previous Democratic Governor, Mark Warner, was credited with doing especially well

title: 2009 Virginia gubernatorial election

text: run for the Democratic nomination. State Delegate Brian Moran, brother of Congressman Jim Moran, joined Deeds on January 4, 2008, when he established a political action committee. Additionally, McLean resident Terry McAuliffe, former chairman of the Democratic National Committee and chairman of Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign announced on January 3, 2009, that he was running. The Democratic primary, which took place on June 9, 2009, was the first contested in over twenty years. Attorney General Bob McDonnell first announced his intention to run at American Legion's Boy's State of Virginia 2007. This is the sixth consecutive Virginian gubernatorial election

text: 2016 United States presidential election in Virginia The 2016 United States presidential election in Virginia was held on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated. Virginia voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her running mate, Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. On March 1, 2016, in the presidential primaries, Virginia voters expressed their preferences

title: Vermont is For Lovers, Too

text: containing campaign material has disappeared. The laptop is discovered at Governor Reston's campaign headquarters however material had been removed from it and it soon becomes clear that Candice planted the laptop in order to boost Josie's campaign. Olivia urges Josie to publicly fire Candice to make an example of her but instead she takes responsibility for Candice's actions and drops out of the race. Going home at night Olivia hears someone calling her name and recognizes her mother, who managed to escape from B613 and has managed to find her. The title references Virginia's tourism slogan Virginia is for Lovers.

title: George Barker (Virginia politician)

text: announced he planned to seek the Republican nomination. As of June 2011, O'Brien was no longer running, and Martin had been joined by two other Republican candidates, former Justice Department official Miller Baker and special-education assistant Andre Muange. Muange also dropped out, and Baker defeated Martin 73%-27% in the August 23, 2011 primary. The Barker-Baker contest was expected to be very close. The total spending for the two campaigns was $1.7 million, the seventh-highest among the 40 Senate contests. Barker won with over 53% of the vote. In July 2014, Barker, arguing for Medicaid expansion in Virginia, said that uncompensated

title: Virginia gubernatorial election, 2017

text: In the general election on November 7, 2017, Democratic nominee Ralph Northam defeated Republican nominee Ed Gillespie, winning by the largest margin for a Democrat since 1985.  Northam will become the 73rd governor of Virginia, and take office on January 13, 2018. The election had the highest voter turnout percentage in a Virginia gubernatorial election in twenty years with 47% of the state's constituency casting their ballot.

title: Virginia gubernatorial election, 2017

short_answers:
Democratic nominee Ralph Northam
Ralph Northam


question: when was the last time university of michigan won a national championship

answers: 1997

title: Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey

text: to the NCAA tournament came in 2016, which was also his last conference championship (this time in the Big Ten). Berenson announced his retirement on April 10, 2017. On April 24, 2017, Mel Pearson was announced as the new head coach at the University of Michigan. In his first season the team went 22-15-3, 11-10-3 in Big Ten play. They lost in the 2018 Big Ten Men's Ice Hockey Tournament to Ohio State 3-2 in overtime. The team qualified for the NCAA Tournament and went to the final four and lost to Notre Dame 4 to 3 on a last-second

title: Michigan Wolverines

text: 1996, 1998), which is also an NCAA record. In 2011, the team was invited to the NCAA tournament for a record 21st year in a row. In 2011, Michigan reached the national semi-finals (now referred to as the "Frozen Four") for an unmatched 24th time. Vic Heyliger led Michigan to a record six NCAA titles, including the first one in college hockey history in 1948. Heyliger, who played for the Wolverines from 1935–37, also won national titles as Michigan coach in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955 and 1956. He was inducted into the U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame in 1974, in

title: Michigan Wolverines field hockey

text: The achievement was the first NCAA title won by a women's sports team at the University of Michigan, and was also just the second time a Midwestern university had claimed the championship after Iowa had done it first in 1986. "Season-by-season results through the end of the 2018 season" As of February 22, 2018 Michigan has accumulated a total of 11 appearances in the NCAA tournament, including three Final Fours. In 2001, the Wolverines won their first NCAA championship by defeating Maryland in the final by a score of 2–0. The victory made them the first women's team at the

title: The Ten Year War

text: close call and what would become Schembechler's only unbeaten and untied regular-season team. Despite the 11–0 regular season, Michigan's national championship hopes were a long shot at best thanks to the presence of undefeated powerhouses at Nebraska and Alabama, as well as an Oklahoma team whose only loss was to Nebraska, but those faint hopes died with an upset defeat to an 8–3 Stanford squad minus 1970 Heisman Trophy recipient Jim Plunkett in the Rose Bowl. The Wolverines fell for a fake punt and eventually lost 13–12 on a last-second field goal. They would finish the season ranked #6. Ohio

title: 1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game

text: tied with the Spartans as time was winding down in regulation. Michigan State's Jack Quiggle made a half court shot that would have given the Spartans the lead, but the shot left his hands after time expired, nullifying the basket. In the first overtime, Michigan State had a two-point lead with eleven seconds remaining, while also having a player at the foul line. The Spartan missed both shots and Tar Heel Brennan gathered the rebound, dribbled down the court, and made a shot as time expired to send the game to a second overtime. The Tar Heels pulled away in

text: to cut the Seton Hall lead to 79-78. After a defensive stop, Gerald Greene fouled Rumeal Robinson with three seconds left in overtime. Robinson made both free throws and after Seton Hall's last-second shot came up short, Michigan won its first national championship. 1989 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game The 1989 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the final round of the 1989 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament and determined the national champion for the 1988–89 NCAA Division I men's basketball season The 1989 National Title Game was played on April 3, 1989 at the

title: Dan Dworsky

text: end of the regular season in 1947, Michigan was ranked No. 2 behind Notre Dame, but after defeating USC 49–0 in the Rose Bowl, the Associated Press held a special poll, and Michigan replaced Notre Dame as the national champion by a vote of 226 to 119. Dworsky later noted, "Notre Dame still claims that national championship and so do we." The 1948 Michigan Wolverines football team went 9–0 and outscored their opponents 252 to 44. The defensive unit led by Dworsky held its opponents to just 4.9 points per game, including shutouts against Oregon (14–0), Purdue (40–0), Northwestern (28–0),

title: Michigan State Spartans

text: the Spartans would stage a comeback in the final two minutes of regulation to upset Michigan in the Big Ten title game for their eleventh Big Ten Championship, and their seventh in ten years. In 1992, thirty former Spartan athletes, coaches, and administrators were inducted into the MSU Athletics Hall of Fame as its charter class. On October 1, 1999, the University opened its new Athletics Hall of Fame, in the Clara Bell Smith Student-Athlete Academic Center. Michigan State has won 20 NCAA national team titles. Below are 10 national team titles that were not bestowed by the NCAA. Michigan

title: Michigan Wolverines

text: Wolverines have won 16 Big Ten championships, advanced to 16 consecutive NCAA tournaments (1993–2008) and had seven seasons in which they finished in the Top 5 at the NCAA tournament. The Wolverines ice hockey team, which was a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association until 2013 and is now a member of the Big Ten Conference, plays its home contests at Yost Ice Arena. The hockey team was coached by Red Berenson, a former UM player and is currently coached by Mel Pearson. Altogether, the program has won nine NCAA national championships (1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1964,

title: Don Canham

text: Michigan Stadium. Since 1975, the school has sold over 100,000 tickets for every home football game—a string of more than 200 contests. At the University of Michigan, Canham was an athlete for the Michigan Wolverines men's track and field team, earning All-American honors by winning the 1940 NCAA title in the high jump and was both the indoor and outdoor Big Ten Conference champion in both 1940 and 1941. Canham completed his bachelor's degree in physical education, history, and science at Michigan in 1941 and Master of Arts degree at Michigan in 1948. From 1950 to 1968, he served as

title: Mercury Hayes

text: programs, including the Colorado Buffaloes, Florida State Seminoles, Arkansas Razorbacks, and USC Trojans. During Hayes' Michigan Wolverines career, the team's best finish was as 1992 Big Ten Conference Champions, when coached by Gary Moeller. During that year, the team finished ranked fifth nationally in both the Associated Press college football final poll and the CNN/USA Today college football final poll, and the team beat the Washington Huskies 38–31 in the January 1, 1993 Rose Bowl in a game that is memorable for Tyrone Wheatley's MVP performance. Hayes had a 10-yard reception during the game. Hayes' 179-yard performance against the Virginia

title: 1956–57 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season

text: with his third of the game the rest of the team followed suit and score five more times before Michigan got its fifth but by then it was far too late and the Tigers eventually cruised to a 13–6 victory, winning their second National Title. Bob McCusker tied the NCAA records for goals (4) and points (6) in a championship game and was the logical choice for Most Outstanding Player. McCusker was accompanied by Bill Hay and Don Wishart on the All-Tournament First Team while Dick McGhee and John Andrews made the Second Team. Conference games against Michigan State, Michigan

title: Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey

text: from the East to the West when it was previously thought to be the other way around. Led by Michigan, the West won 18 of the first 20 NCAA championships, setting the question rather emphatically. The run also ensured the team its place on campus for years to come, filling a hole created by the football and basketball teams' mediocrity during the fifties. Of Michigan's 53 players who have earned All-American status, almost half (24) played for Heyliger between 1948 and 1957. During that stretch he never had fewer than two players on the All-American team. Four times he had

title: College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS

text: Fame. The first contemporaneous poll to include teams across the country and selection of a national champions can be traced to Caspar Whitney in 1901. The last retroactive selection was made by Clyde Berryman in 1989 (Notre Dame). The tie was removed from college football in 1995 and the last consensus champion with a tie in its record was Georgia Tech in 1990. The 1947 Michigan Wolverines are often credited with a national championship on the basis of a "free poll" conducted by an AP sportswriter after the 1948 Rose Bowl, though that poll was unofficial and it is not

title: Michigan Wolverines men's basketball

text: Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year All-Americans National Coach of the Year Big Ten Coach of the Year The University of Michigan has an all-time 59–27* (52–23) record overall and 1–6* (1–4) championship game record in the NCAA Tournaments in 28* (24) appearances. Glen Rice holds the NCAA single-tournament scoring record with 184 points in 1989. The 1992 Final Four and all 1993, 1996, & 1998 games have been forfeited due to NCAA sanctions. The NCAA began seeding the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament with the 1979 edition. The 64-team field started in 1985, which guaranteed that a

text: Bowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid off, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll. Michigan State was named national champion in the final United Press International poll of coaches, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll. At the end of the 1947 season, the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular

title: 2017–18 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season

text: Dame in the National Semifinals after captain Jake Evans scored the game-winning goal with six seconds remaining. When the team reached the Frozen Four it marked the sixth time a school had reached the final four of the NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship and NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament in the same season: Michigan (1964, 1992*, 1993* and 2018) and Michigan State (1999 and 2001). During the 2016–17 ice hockey season Michigan went 13–19–3, including 6–12–2 in Big Ten Play. Michigan lost in the first round of the 2017 Big Ten Men's Ice Hockey Tournament to eventual tournament winner

title: University of Michigan

text: while the men's basketball team, which plays at the Crisler Center, has appeared in five Final Fours and won the national championship in 1989. The men's basketball program became involved in a scandal involving payments from a booster during the 1990s. This led to the program being placed on probation for a four-year period. The program also voluntarily vacated victories from its 1992–1993 and 1995–1999 seasons in which the payments took place, as well as its 1992 and 1993 Final Four appearances. The men's basketball team has most recently won back to back Big Ten Tournament Championships against Wisconsin in

title: Dan Farrell

text: the team's new home in Yost Ice Arena. His best season as the head coach at Michigan was 1976-1977 when the team compiled a record of 28-17-0 (.622) and advanced to the NCAA hockey tournament. The team reached its nadir under Farrell in the 1978-1979 season with a record of 8-27-1, but rebounded in 1979-1980 with a 23-13-2 record. Despite the rebound, Farrell resigned as Michigan's head coach in March 1980. He was replaced the following month by Wilf Martin, who played on Michigan's 1964 national championship team. Martin lasted less than eight months before he, too, resigned. After resigning

title: Jon Horford

text: Dome that Al had won the championship at in 2007. Michigan reached the championship game. On November 8, 2013, Horford posted a career high 12 rebounds against the UMass Lowell in the season opener. In the subsequent game against South Carolina State on November 12, Horford again established a career high of 15 rebounds and added 9 points leaving him a point shy of a double-double. Prior to the game, the last time a Michigan Wolverine had posted 15 or more rebounds was when Manny Harris posted 16 on December 29, 2008 against North Carolina Central. In the January 2

title: 1979 NCAA Division I Basketball Championship Game

text: he illegally stole the ball from Johnson while he was attempting an inbounds pass and attempted to score. Behind an offense that missed only 4 of 16 second half field goal attempts, Michigan State clinched its first men's basketball national championship by a 75–64 final score. Johnson was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player, having scored 53 points on 17-of-25 shooting during the Final Four. Johnson led all scorers in the national championship game with 24 points on 8-of-15 shooting. Kelser added 19 points and led the Spartans with 8 rebounds, one more than Johnson. Donnelly was the only other

title: Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry

text: Robinson completed a 20-yard pass on fourth down to advance Michigan to the MSU 25 yard line and with 9 seconds left Michigan spiked the ball. Brendan Gibbons lined up to kick the game-winning field goal and was iced by Mark Dantonio. Gibbons lined back up and split the uprights to win it for Michigan, 12–10. After the game, the students rushed the field in celebration. This was the 900th all-time win for the Wolverines, making them the first program to reach this level in college football history. 2013 November 2 in East Lansing, Michigan State dominated Michigan defensively, winning

title: Al Renfrew

text: hockey coach, and Renfrew accepted the job as Heyliger's replacement. As the coach of the Wolverines hockey team from 1957–1973, Renfrew had a record of 223-206-11 and one national championship. The national championship as coach came in 1964 season, when Michigan had a record of 24-4-1. Renfrew's 1964 team, behind the leadership of captain Gordon Wilkie and by Mel Wakabayashi's two goals, beat Denver 6-3 in their home arena to capture the programs seventh NCAA title. With the win Al Renfrew also became the first person to play on a NCAA championship college hockey team and later coach a national

title: Michigan State University

text: Tournament Championships with 11. Along with the University of Michigan (U-M) and the Ohio State University, it was one of three Big Ten schools in the CCHA. As with other sports, the hockey rivalry between MSU and U-M is a fierce one, and on October 6, 2001, MSU faced U-M in the Cold War, during which a world record crowd of 74,554 packed Spartan Stadium to watch the game end in a 3–3 tie. In the 2006–2007 season, the Men's Ice Hockey team defeated Boston College for its third NCAA hockey championship. Between World War I and World War II,

title: 1947 college football season

text: Michigan won by a vote of 226 to 119. During the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the college football teams that would later be described as "Division I-A". The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of the Associated Press poll of sportswriters (the UPI Coaches Poll would not start until 1950). The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual "NCAA Football Guide" of the "unofficial" national champions. The Associated Press did not poll the writers until after the games of October 4. Among the five teams

title: Ron Mason

text: over defending national champion Wisconsin in the 1978 NCAA Frozen Four. In 1978-79 Mason coached BGSU to a then NCAA record 37 wins. The record would be broken in 1984-85 by Mason's own Michigan State team. Michigan State University Athletic Director Joseph Kearney hired Mason to replace the retiring Amo Bessone on April 1, 1979. In his third season at MSU, Mason guided Michigan State to their first NCAA tournament in 15 seasons. Four seasons later in 1986, Mason led Michigan State to the school's second national title. Michigan State returned to the championship game the following season but lost

title: Wally Gacek

text: University of Minnesota in the season's final game. In 1948, he played for the Michigan team that won the first ever NCAA Frozen Four ice hockey championship. Four teams were selected to play in the first Frozen Four tournament, held at The Broadmoor World Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The four teams were Michigan, Boston College, Dartmouth College, and Colorado College. The semifinal game went into overtime, and Gacek scored 18 seconds into the overtime period, and then scored again with a half minute left in overtime, as Michigan beat Boston College 6–4. In the championship game against Dartmouth, Gacek

title: Fab Five (University of Michigan)

text: played in terms of households (although not viewers), and were a marketing juggernaut whose merchandise sales even dwarfed those of the national champion 1988–89 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team. In the documentary, Jackson noted that this was a special era for Michigan Wolverines athletics. During the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season, Desmond Howard won the Heisman Trophy playing for the 1991 Michigan Wolverines football team. Also, the 1991–92 and 1992–93 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team reached the Frozen Four in the same two springs (1992 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament & 1993 NCAA Division I Men's

title: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game

text: NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player. The Michigan Wolverines last won the NCAA Tournament in 1989. Their most recent appearance in the championship game was in 2013. At one point unranked in the AP Poll, Michigan won their final 14 games before the title game to end the 2017–18 regular season with a 28–7 win-loss record after winning the 2018 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament. They earned the No. 3 seed in the West Regional. Michigan defeated the No. 14 Montana Grizzlies in the first round by a score of 61–47. They then reached the Sweet 16 by defeating

title: Michigan Wolverines football

text: Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, and other than a hiatus from 1907 to 1916, have been members since. Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 38 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll.

title: Michigan Wolverines football


question: who was elected senator of illinois in 1858

answers: Stephen A. Douglas

title: James Shields (politician, born 1806)

text: James Shields (politician, born 1806) James Shields (May 10, 1806June 1, 1879) was an Irish American Democratic politician and United States Army officer, who is the only person in U.S. history to serve as a Senator for three different states. Shields represented Illinois from 1849 to 1855, in the 31st, 32nd, and 33rd Congresses, Minnesota from 1858 to 1859, in the 35th Congress, and Missouri in 1879, in the 45th Congress. Born and initially educated in Ireland, Shields emigrated to the America in 1826. He was briefly a sailor, and spent time in Quebec, before settling in Kaskaskia, Illinois, where

title: Lyman Trumbull

text: Lyman Trumbull Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was a United States Senator from Illinois and the co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Born in Colchester, Connecticut, Trumbull established a law practice in Greenville, Georgia, before moving to Alton, Illinois, in 1837. He served as the Illinois Secretary of State from 1841 to 1843 and as a justice of the Illinois Supreme Court from 1848 to 1853. He was elected to the Senate in 1855 and became a member of the Republican Party. As chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1861 to

title: Jasper D. Ward

text: Jasper D. Ward Jasper Delos Ward (February 1, 1829 – August 6, 1902) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Java, Wyoming County, New York, Ward attended Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, in 1849 and 1850. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1852 and commenced practice in Chicago, Illinois. He served as a member of the board of aldermen of Chicago in 1855, 1856, 1859, and 1860. During the Civil War he enlisted in the Western Engineers Regiment in 1861 and served for about eight months. He served as a member of the Illinois Senate 1862-1870.

title: Orville Hickman Browning

text: Orville Hickman Browning Orville Hickman Browning (February 10, 1806 – August 10, 1881) was an attorney in Illinois and a politician who was active in the Whig and Republican Parties. He is notable for his service as a U.S. Senator and the United States Secretary of the Interior. Born in Kentucky, and trained as a lawyer, Browning settled in Illinois, where he served in the militia during the Black Hawk War, established himself as a successful attorney, and became involved in politics as a Whig. He served in the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives, and ran

title: Thomas Marshall (Illinois politician)

text: The political Graveyard states he was a Republican while other sources make him a Democrat. According to the Political Graveyard he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency. In 1847 Marshall was a Delegate to the Illinois state constitutional convention and in the 1850s he was a member of the Illinois Senate where he advanced to the President. In March 1860 Governor William Henry Bissell died and his Lieutenant Governor John Wood followed him as Governor. In his function as President of the State Senate Marshall replaced Wood as acting

title: Charles B. Farwell

text: married to Hobart Chatfield-Taylor. Charles B. Farwell Charles Benjamin Farwell (July 1, 1823 – September 23, 1903) was a U.S. Representative and Senator from Illinois. Farwell was born in Painted Post, New York, and attended Elmira Academy before moving to Illinois in 1838. He first tried his hand at surveying and farming before moving to Chicago in 1844, when he went into banking. From 1853-1861, he served as the Clerk of Cook County. Farwell was "one of the principal builders in [Chicago's] business district" in the last quarter of the 19th century. That he was able to amass a sizeable

title: Ninian Wirt Edwards

text: Public Instruction in 1854–1857. Ninian Wirt Edwards Ninian Wirt Edwards (April 15, 1809 – September 2, 1899) was an American politician. Born in Sangamon County, Illinois, Edwards was the son of Ninian Edwards the Illinois territorial and state Governor of Illinois. He was married to Elizabeth Todd, sister of Mary Todd Lincoln who was married to President Abraham Lincoln. In 1834–1835, Edwards served as Illinois Attorney General. Then during 1837–1841 and 1849–1853 he served in the Illinois House of Representatives. Edwards also served in the Illinois State Senate 1845–1849. He then served in the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1847 and

title: Archibald A. Glenn

text: justice of the peace and served as postmaster. He rose to become clerk of the county court and recorder of deeds. Glenn was a delegate to the Illinois constitutional convention of 1862 and served on the State Board of Equalization of Taxes. He also served for four years as the Brown County superintendent of schools. He was elected to the Illinois Senate as a Democrat in 1872 and served two two-year terms. He was elected President of the Illinois Senate for the second term; this made him the acting Lieutenant Governor of Illinois from 1875 to 1877. He would be

title: John M. Palmer (politician)

text: 1848. Between 1852 and 1855, he was a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate, but joined the Republican party upon its organization and became one of its leaders in Illinois. He presided over the 1856 Illinois Republican Convention in Bloomington that founded the party in his home state. In 1859 he was the Republican candidate in a special election to a vacancy in the 36th Congress caused by the death of Thomas L. Harris, but he was defeated by John A. McClernand. He later became a Republican presidential elector in 1860, and was one of the leading people who got

title: Edward Dickinson Baker

text: a by-product served to spread awareness of his skill in public oratory, an activity that eventually made him famous. A year after his marriage, Baker participated in the Black Hawk War but did not engage in hostilities. Around 1835, he became acquainted with Abraham Lincoln and soon became involved in local politics, being elected to the Illinois House of Representatives on July 1, 1837, and serving on the Illinois Senate from 1840 to 1844. In 1844, while living in Springfield, he defeated Lincoln for the nomination for the 7th U.S. congressional seat and was elected as a Whig. Baker and

title: George E. Adams

text: George E. Adams George Everett Adams (June 18, 1840 – October 5, 1917) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Keene, New Hampshire, Adams moved with his parents to Chicago, Illinois, in 1853. He attended Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire, and graduated from Harvard University in 1860. During the Civil War, he served in the First Illinois Artillery. After his war service, he attended Harvard Law School, was admitted to the bar in 1865 and commenced practice in Chicago. He served as a member of the state Senate from 1880 until March 3, 1883, when he resigned to

title: Alexander M. Jenkins

text: Democratic Party, serving under Governor Joseph Duncan, a Whig. Jenkins resigned mid-way through his term to become President of the Illinois Central Railroad. He was later Receiver of Public Moneys at the General Land Office in Edwardsville, Illinois and was a delegate to the Illinois state constitutional convention from Jackson County in 1847. In 1859, he was elected Circuit Judge for the Third Judicial Circuit and was re-elected in 1861. He died on February 13, 1864. Jenkins was the uncle of John A. Logan, later a General of the Union Army and U.S. Senator from Illinois, to whom he taught

title: Samuel McRoberts

text: Samuel McRoberts Samuel McRoberts (April 12, 1799March 27, 1843) was a United States Senator from Illinois. Born near Maeystown, he was educated by private tutors and graduated from the law department of Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky. He was admitted to the bar in 1821 and commenced practice in Monroe County, and was clerk of the circuit court of Monroe County from 1819 to 1821. He was State circuit judge from 1824 to 1827 and a member of the Illinois State Senate from 1828 to 1830. McRoberts was appointed United States Attorney by President Andrew Jackson in 1830 and served

title: Thomas Hynes

text: Thomas Hynes Thomas C. Hynes (born November 5, 1938) is a former Cook County Assessor, President of the Illinois Senate, candidate for mayor of Chicago (in 1987) and 19th Ward Democratic Committeeman. He is the father of former Illinois Comptroller Dan Hynes. Born in on the south side of Chicago, Hynes served in the United States Army Reserve as a captain. He received his bachelor's degree from Loyola University Chicago and his law degree from Loyola University Chicago School of Law. He practiced law and taught law at John Marshall Law School (Chicago). He was elected to the Illinois State

title: John McLean (Illinois politician)

text: John McLean (Illinois politician) John McLean (February 4, 1791 – October 14, 1830) was a United States Representative and a Senator from Illinois. He was the brother of Finis McLean and uncle of James David Walker. Born near Guilford Court House (now Greensboro), Guilford County, North Carolina, February 4, 1791, McLean moved with his parents to Logan County, Kentucky in 1795. He moved to Illinois Territory in 1815. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Shawneetown, Gallatin County, Illinois. When Illinois was admitted as a State into the Union, McLean was elected to the

title: Charles B. Farwell

text: Charles B. Farwell Charles Benjamin Farwell (July 1, 1823 – September 23, 1903) was a U.S. Representative and Senator from Illinois. Farwell was born in Painted Post, New York, and attended Elmira Academy before moving to Illinois in 1838. He first tried his hand at surveying and farming before moving to Chicago in 1844, when he went into banking. From 1853-1861, he served as the Clerk of Cook County. Farwell was "one of the principal builders in [Chicago's] business district" in the last quarter of the 19th century. That he was able to amass a sizeable fortune can be proven

title: Ninian Wirt Edwards

text: Ninian Wirt Edwards Ninian Wirt Edwards (April 15, 1809 – September 2, 1899) was an American politician. Born in Sangamon County, Illinois, Edwards was the son of Ninian Edwards the Illinois territorial and state Governor of Illinois. He was married to Elizabeth Todd, sister of Mary Todd Lincoln who was married to President Abraham Lincoln. In 1834–1835, Edwards served as Illinois Attorney General. Then during 1837–1841 and 1849–1853 he served in the Illinois House of Representatives. Edwards also served in the Illinois State Senate 1845–1849. He then served in the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1847 and was Illinois Superintendent of

title: James Hutchinson Woodworth

text: James Hutchinson Woodworth James Hutchinson Woodworth (December 4, 1804 – March 26, 1869; interred in Oak Woods Cemetery, Chicago), was a member of the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois State House of Representatives, served as a Chicago Alderman, was elected to consecutive terms as Mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1848–1850) as an Independent Democrat, and served one term in the US House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party. Woodworth completed his career in Chicago as one of the city's most noteworthy bankers. He is a member of the Woodworth political family. He was born in Greenwich in

title: Anthony Thornton (representative)

text: 1862, and was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives in 1851–52. In 1856, he held a joint debate with Abraham Lincoln in Shelbyville, Illinois. Thornton was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1866. He resumed the practice of law. He served as justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1870 to 1873, when he resigned. He served as president of the Illinois State Bar Association for four terms. He served as chairman of the State board of arbitration 1895–1897. He

title: Philip C. Hayes

text: Philip C. Hayes Philip Cornelius Hayes (February 3, 1833 – July 13, 1916) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois, as well as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Born in Granby, Connecticut, Hayes moved with his father's family to La Salle County, Illinois. He attended the country schools and graduated from Oberlin (Ohio) College in 1860 and from the Theological Seminary, Oberlin, Ohio, in 1863. He enlisted in the Union Army during the Civil War and was commissioned as a captain in the 103rd Ohio Infantry on July 16, 1862. He was promoted to lieutenant

title: William C. Goudy

text: William C. Goudy William Charles Goudy (May 15, 1824 – April 29, 1893) was an American politician and attorney from Indiana. Arriving in Illinois in 1833, he matriculated at Illinois College and then studied law with Stephen T. Logan. He opened a successful law practice in Lewistown, Illinois and was elected district attorney in 1853. He was elected to the Illinois Senate, serving from 1856 to 1860. Goudy moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1859 and became consul for the Chicago and North Western Railway Company William Charles Goudy was born on May 15, 1824, in Indiana. He attended public schools

title: Thomas J. Turner

text: He served as member of the constitutional convention in 1863. He was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for United States Senator in 1871. He moved to Chicago in 1871 and resumed the practice of law. He died in Hot Springs, Arkansas, April 4, 1874. He was interred in the City Cemetery, Freeport, Illinois. Thomas J. Turner Thomas Johnston Turner (April 5, 1815 – April 4, 1874) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Trumbull County, Ohio, Turner completed preparatory studies. He moved with his parents to Butler County, Pennsylvania in 1825. He moved to Lake County, Indiana in 1837 and

title: David Davis (Supreme Court justice)

text: David Davis (Supreme Court justice) David Davis (March 9, 1815 – June 26, 1886) was a United States Senator from Illinois and associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. He also served as Abraham Lincoln's campaign manager at the 1860 Republican National Convention, engineering Lincoln's nomination alongside Ward Hill Lamon and Leonard Swett. Educated at Kenyon College and Yale University, Davis settled in Bloomington, Illinois in the 1830s, where he practiced law. He served in the Illinois legislature and as a delegate to the state constitutional convention before becoming a state judge in 1848. After Lincoln won the presidency,

title: William H. Neece

text: He served in the State senate 1878-1882. Neece was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1886 to the Fiftieth Congress. He resumed the practice of his profession and also interested in stock raising. He died in Chicago, Illinois, January 3, 1909. He was interred in Oakwood Cemetery, Macomb, Illinois. William H. Neece William Henry Neece (February 26, 1831 – January 3, 1909) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born near Springfield, Sangamon County (later part of Logan County), Illinois, Neece moved

title: William McKendree Springer

text: William McKendree Springer William McKendree Springer (May 30, 1836 – December 4, 1903) was a United States Representative from Illinois. He was born near New Lebanon, Sullivan County, Indiana, May 30, 1836; moved to Jacksonville, Illinois, with his parents in 1848; attended the public schools in New Lebanon and Jacksonville and the Illinois College at Jacksonville where he was a member of Phi Alpha Literary Society; graduated from Indiana University in 1858; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1859 and practiced in Lincoln, Illinois and Springfield, Illinois; was secretary of the State constitutional convention in 1862 at the

title: Lyman Trumbull

text: Senator. The Lyman Trumbull House is a National Historic Landmark. Trumbull has a street named after him in the city of Chicago; Lyman Trumbull Elementary School in Chicago was named after the Senator. Trumbull Park and adjacent Trumbull Park Homes in Chicago are named after the Senator. Lyman Trumbull Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was a United States Senator from Illinois and the co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Born in Colchester, Connecticut, Trumbull established a law practice in Greenville, Georgia, before moving to Alton, Illinois, in 1837. He served as the

title: Sharon Tyndale

text: Sharon Tyndale Sharon Tyndale (January 19, 1816 – April 29, 1871) was the Secretary of State of Illinois, United States, from 1865 to 1869. His tenure is notable for his redesign of the Great Seal of the State of Illinois. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Tyndale moved to Belleville, Illinois in 1833 and worked in the mercantile business. He moved back to Philadelphia and worked in the mercantile business with his father. In 1845, he moved to Peoria, Illinois and studied to be a civil engineer. In 1857, Tyndale was elected County Surveyor of St. Clair County, Illinois. President Abraham Lincoln

title: Thomas L. Harris

text: he raised and commanded a company and joined the Fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Harris was subsequently elected major of the regiment. Whilst absent and with the US Army, Harris was elected a member of the State senate in 1846. He was presented with a sword by the State of Illinois for gallantry at the Battle of Cerro Gordo, Mexico. Harris was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first Congress (March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1850 to the Thirty-second Congress. He was not a candidate in 1852. Harris was elected

title: Thomas Marshall (Illinois politician)

text: Thomas Marshall (Illinois politician) Thomas Alexander Marshall (4 November 1817 – 11 November 1873) was an American politician. In 1861 he served for a short time as Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. Thomas Marshall graduated from the "Kenyon College" in Ohio. Afterwards he studied law at the Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky. After his admission to the bar he practiced as a lawyer. Later he moved to Charleston, Illinois where he became a banker. In addition he founded his own firm which he called "T. A. Marshall Co". His party affiliation is uncertain because the sources are contradictory in this question.

title: Lincoln–Douglas debates

title: Lincoln–Douglas debates

long_answer: On election day, as the districts were drawn to favor Douglas' party, the Democrats won 40 seats in the state house of Representatives, and the Republicans won 35. In the state senate, Republicans held 11 seats, and Democrats held 14. Stephen A. Douglas was reelected by the legislature, 54-46, even though Lincoln's Republicans won the popular vote with a percentage of 50.6%, or by 3,402 votes. However, the widespread media coverage of the debates greatly raised Lincoln's national profile, making him a viable candidate for nomination as the Republican candidate in the upcoming 1860 presidential election. He would go on to secure both the nomination and the presidency, beating Douglas (as the Northern Democratic candidate), among others, in the process.