question: how did early humans make use of stones during the prehistoric period

answers: hunt

answers: start fires

answers: bury their dead

title: History of technology

text: million years ago. This era of stone tool use is called the "Paleolithic", or "Old stone age", and spans all of human history up to the development of agriculture approximately 12,000 years ago. To make a stone tool, a "core" of hard stone with specific flaking properties (such as flint) was struck with a hammerstone. This flaking produced sharp edges which could be used as tools, primarily in the form of choppers or scrapers. These tools greatly aided the early humans in their hunter-gatherer lifestyle to perform a variety of tasks including butchering carcasses (and breaking bones to get at

title: Stone Age

text: Stone Age The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking. Stone Age artifacts include tools used by modern humans and by their predecessor species in the genus "Homo", and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera "Australopithecus" and "Paranthropus". Bone tools were used during this period as well but are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The Stone Age is further subdivided

title: Stone Age

text: tools were made from a variety of stones. For example, flint and chert were shaped (or "chipped") for use as cutting tools and weapons, while basalt and sandstone were used for ground stone tools, such as quern-stones. Wood, bone, shell, antler (deer) and other materials were widely used, as well. During the most recent part of the period, sediments (such as clay) were used to make pottery. Agriculture was developed and certain animals were domesticated as well. Some species of non-primates are able to use stone tools, such as the sea otter, which breaks abalone shells with them. Primates can

title: Stone circle

text: explain their use, usually around providing a setting for ceremony or ritual, there is no consensus among archaeologists as to their intended function. Their construction often involved considerable communal effort, including specialist tasks such as planning, quarrying, transportation, laying the foundation trenches, and final construction. The earliest known circles were erected around five thousand years ago during the Neolithic period. During the Middle Neolithic (c. 3700–2500 BCE) stone circles began to appear in coastal and lowland areas towards the north of the United Kingdom. The Langdale axe industry in the Lake District appears to have been an important early centre

title: Quern-stone

text: turn them and this is thought to reflect the need to reduce wear and tear by having alternative points of contact when in active use. Quern-stones have been used by numerous civilizations throughout the world to grind materials, the most important of which was usually grain to make flour for bread-making. They were generally replaced by millstones once mechanised forms of milling appeared, particularly the water mill and the windmill, although animals were also used to operate the millstones. However, in many non-Westernised, non-mechanised cultures they are still manufactured and used regularly and have only been replaced in many parts

title: Stone circle

text: Stone circle A stone circle is a circular alignment of standing stones. They are commonly found across Northern Europe and Great Britain and typically date from the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age eras, with most concentrations appearing from 3000 BC. The best known examples include those at the henge monument at Avebury, the Rollright Stones and elements within the ring of standing stones at Stonehenge. Stone circles are usually grouped in terms of the shape and size of the stones, the span of their radius and their population within the local area. Although many theories have been advance to

title: Stone Age

text: recently. Starting in the grasslands of the rift, "Homo erectus", the predecessor of modern humans, found an ecological niche as a tool-maker and developed a dependence on it, becoming a "tool equipped savanna dweller". The oldest indirect evidence found of stone tool use is fossilised animal bones with tool marks; these are 3.4 million years old and were found in the Lower Awash Valley in Ethiopia. Archaeological discoveries in Kenya in 2015, identifying possibly the oldest known evidence of hominin use of tools to date, have indicated that Kenyanthropus platyops (a 3.2 to 3.5-million-year-old Pliocene hominin fossil discovered in Lake

title: History of technology

text: the marrow); chopping wood; cracking open nuts; skinning an animal for its hide, and even forming other tools out of softer materials such as bone and wood. The earliest stone tools were irrelevant, being little more than a fractured rock. In the Acheulian era, beginning approximately 1.65 million years ago, methods of working these stone into specific shapes, such as hand axes emerged. This early Stone Age is described as the Lower Paleolithic. The Middle Paleolithic, approximately 300,000 years ago, saw the introduction of the prepared-core technique, where multiple blades could be rapidly formed from a single core stone. The

title: Ica stones

text: Thus, a stone of uncertain origin can never be used to establish a conclusion which would otherwise be considered unlikely. The stones have been used by some creationists to claim that humans lived in proximity with dinosaurs, which contradicts evidence that the extinction of dinosaurs predates mankind by approximately 66 million years. At least one official creationist source has rejected their use as an argument for creationism. Believers in ancient astronauts have also attempted to use the stones as evidence of a lost, advanced civilization brought to man from other planets and mytho-historians have claimed them as evidence that ancient

title: Ground stone

text: ground stone tools appear during the Japanese Paleolithic, possibly predating adoption elsewhere in the Neolithic by 25,000 years. Ground stones were created and used for a wide variety of reasons. Each use resulted in a different development and process by which a person created their ground stone. For example, the process for creating the head of a hammer is different from the process used to create a detailed decoration piece for one’s home. That being said, there are some processes that are basic to most ground stone making. When choosing what type of stone to use for a ground stone

title: Stone tool

text: Stone tool A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone. Although stone tool-dependent societies and cultures still exist today, most stone tools are associated with prehistoric, particularly Stone Age cultures that have become extinct. Archaeologists often study such prehistoric societies, and refer to the study of stone tools as lithic analysis. Ethnoarchaeology has been a valuable research field in order to further the understanding and cultural implications of stone tool use and manufacture. Stone has been used to make a wide variety of different tools throughout history, including arrow

title: Animism

text: or a strand of wool. Various animistic cultures also comprehend as stones as persons. Discussing ethnographic work conducted among the Ojibwe, Harvey noted that their society generally conceived of stones as being inanimate, but with two notable exceptions: the stones of the Bell Rocks and those stones which are situated beneath trees struck by lightning, which were understood to have become Thunderers themselves. The Ojibwe conceived of weather as being capable of having personhood, with storms being conceived of as persons known as 'Thunderers' whose sounds conveyed communications and who engaged in seasonal conflict over the lakes and forests, throwing

title: Building material

text: for early settlers. Circular huts were constructed from loose granite rocks throughout the Neolithic and early Bronze Age, and the remains of an estimated 5,000 can still be seen today. Granite continued to be used throughout the Medieval period (see Dartmoor longhouse) and into modern times. Slate is another stone type, commonly used as roofing material in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world where it is found. Stone buildings can be seen in most major cities; some civilizations built entirely with stone such as the Egyptian and Aztec pyramids and the structures of the Inca civilization. Thatch

title: Lithic analysis

text: drilling, and incising, and includes things such as mortars/metates, pestles (or manos), grinding slabs, hammerstones, grooved and perforated stones, axes, etc., which appear in all human cultures in some form. Among the tool types analyzed are projectile points, bifaces, unifaces, ground stone artifacts, and lithic reduction by-products (debitage) such as flakes and cores. Stone is the one category of material which is used by (virtually) all human cultures and, for the vast majority of the human past, is the only record of human behaviour. The end of prehistory does not signify the end of stone working; stones were knapped in

title: Ground stone

text: Ground stone In archaeology, ground stone is a category of stone tool formed by the grinding of a coarse-grained tool stone, either purposely or incidentally. Ground stone tools are usually made of basalt, rhyolite, granite, or other cryptocrystalline and igneous stones whose coarse structure makes them ideal for grinding other materials, including plants and other stones. The adoption of ground stone technology is associated closely with the Neolithic, also called the New Stone Age. The Stone Age comes from the three-age system developed by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen. In the Levant ground stones appear in Mesolithic 2 (Natufian). In prehistoric Japan,

title: Horsham Stone

text: buried under hundreds of metres of further sediment over the next 100 million years and were then uplifted gradually by platetonic movement and then eroded to expose Wealden rocks. Horsham Stone would have been visible to early settlers after the Ice Age around 12,000 years ago. When quarried, Horsham Stone could be extracted in "flat grey slabs of varying thickness". Horsham Stone has a long history of use. The earliest record is from the Bronze Age. Archeologists at Amberley found quern fragments made of Horsham Stone at Amberley Mount. It was used extensively by the Romans including in the construction

title: History of technology

text: a lifestyle which involved limited tools and few permanent settlements. The first major technologies were tied to survival, hunting, and food preparation. Stone tools and weapons, fire, and clothing were technological developments of major importance during this period. Human ancestors have been using stone and other tools since long before the emergence of "Homo sapiens" approximately 200,000 years ago. The earliest methods of stone tool making, known as the Oldowan "industry", date back to at least 2.3 million years ago, with the earliest direct evidence of tool usage found in Ethiopia within the Great Rift Valley, dating back to 2.5

title: Nine Stones, Winterbourne Abbas

text: with the major phase of building taking place between 3000 and 1,300 BCE. These stone circles typically show very little evidence of human visitation during the period immediately following their creation. This suggests that they were not sites used for rituals that left archaeologically visible evidence, and may have been deliberately created to serve as what the historian Ronald Hutton describes as "silent and empty monuments". The archaeologist Mike Parker Pearson suggested that in Neolithic Britain, stone was associated with the dead and wood with the living. Other archaeologists have suggested that the stone might not represent ancestors, but rather

title: History of technology

text: Upper Paleolithic, beginning approximately 40,000 years ago, saw the introduction of pressure flaking, where a wood, bone, or antler punch could be used to shape a stone very finely. The end of the last Ice Age about 10,000 years ago is taken as the end point of the Upper Paleolithic and the beginning of the Epipaleolithic / Mesolithic. The Mesolithic technology included the use of microliths as composite stone tools, along with wood, bone, and antler tools. The later Stone Age, during which the rudiments of agricultural technology were developed, is called the Neolithic period. During this period, polished stone

title: Human evolution

text: ending around 350,000–300,000 years ago, the Middle Paleolithic (Middle Stone Age), until 50,000–30,000 years ago, and the Upper Paleolithic, (Late Stone Age), 50,000-10,000 years ago. Archaeologists working in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya have discovered the oldest known stone tools in the world. Dated to around 3.3 million years ago, the implements are some 700,000 years older than stone tools from Ethiopia that previously held this distinction. The period from 700,000–300,000 years ago is also known as the Acheulean, when "H. ergaster" (or "erectus") made large stone hand axes out of flint and quartzite, at first quite rough (Early

title: Rollright Stones

text: the island of domesticated species of animals and plants, as well as a changing material culture that included pottery. These developments allowed hunter-gatherers to settle down and produce their own food. As agriculture spread, people cleared land. At the same time, they also erected the first monuments to be seen in the local landscape, an activity interpreted as evidence of a change in the way people viewed their place in the world. The Early and the Middle Neolithic also saw the construction of large megalithic tombs across the British Isles. Because they housed the bodies of the dead, these tombs

title: Threshing stone

text: stones made of limestone. The use of threshing stones quickly faded as they were superseded by mechanized forms of threshing, especially by threshing machines, and eventually all farmers quit using them by around 1900 to 1905. The threshing stone is a cylindrical stone with teeth carved into it. Stones made in Kansas were approximately 29 to 30 inches long, 23 to 24 inches in diameter, with 7 notches (and rarely 8) resembling gear teeth, made of limestone, and 600 to 800 pounds in weight. Some smaller stones may weigh less than 400 pounds. In 2011, over 90 threshing stones have

title: Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany

text: original purposes of the stone ring monuments has been widely debated by antiquarians and archaeologists for several centuries. These stone circles typically show very little evidence of human visitation during the period immediately following their creation. This suggests that they were not sites used for rituals that left archaeologically visible evidence. They may have been deliberately left as "silent and empty monuments". The archaeologists Mike Parker Pearson and Ramilsonina suggested that in Neolithic Britain, stone was associated with the dead and wood with the living. Bradley noted that this interpretation was "consistent with the archaeological evidence from Britain", where evidence

title: Petroform

text: made from arranging large rocks and boulders, often over large areas of open ground, unlike the smaller petroglyphs and graphs which are inscribed on rock surfaces. They were originally made in North America by native peoples for astronomical, religious, sacred, healing, mnemonic devices, and teaching purposes. The specific names of these rock formations and the uses varied by political and religious group. Presently, some of these sites are still being used by First Nations, elders, and others. The first stone phase at Stonehenge has been dated to about 2600 BCE. Stone circles are still being made in Wales as part

title: Hampton Down Stone Circle

text: of their construction may have lasted for 2,400 years, from 3300 to 900 BCE, with the major phase of building taking place between 3000 and 1,300 BCE. These stone circles typically show very little evidence of human visitation during the period immediately following their creation. This suggests that they were not sites used for rituals that left archaeologically visible evidence, and may have been deliberately left as "silent and empty monuments". The archaeologist Mike Parker Pearson suggested that in Neolithic Britain, stone was associated with the dead and wood with the living. Other archaeologists have suggested that the stone might

title: Peter Lu

text: use of diamond, in neolithic China. Prior to this work, evidence for man's first use of diamond was known primarily from Indian texts dating to the latter half of the first millennium BC, and there was no reported evidence for its use in prehistoric times. In 2005, Lu and collaborators reported strong evidence that the ancient Chinese used diamonds to polish ceremonial stone burial axes as early as 2500 BC, placing the earliest known use of diamond two thousand years before the mineral is known to have been used elsewhere. These stone axes, made predominantly of the mineral corundum (sapphire

title: Stone (unit)

text: in customary use in Britain and Ireland used for measuring body weight, but was prohibited for commercial use in the UK by the Weights and Measures Act of 1985. The name "stone" derives from the use of stones for weights, a practice that dates back into antiquity. The Biblical law against the carrying of "diverse weights, a large and a small" is more literally translated as "you shall not carry a stone and a stone (), a large and a small". There was no standardised "stone" in the ancient Jewish world, but in Roman times stone weights were crafted to

title: Medicine wheel

text: the indigenous peoples of North America usually laid down smaller stones on the earth, rather than digging deep pits and erecting huge stones, such as at Stonehenge. The Royal Alberta Museum posits the possible point of origin, or parallel tradition, to other round structures such as the tipi lodge, stones used as "foundation stones" or "tent-pegs": Scattered across the plains of Alberta are tens of thousands of stone structures. Most of these are simple circles of cobble stones which once held down the edges of the famous tipi of the Plains Indians; these are known as "tipi rings." Others, however,

title: Stone tool

text: essentially because the handle gives the user protection against the flint and also improves leverage of the device. In prehistoric Japan, ground stone tools appear during the Japanese Paleolithic period, that lasted from around 40,000 BC to 14,000 BC. Elsewhere, ground stone tools became important during the Neolithic period beginning about 10,000 BC. These ground or polished implements are manufactured from larger-grained materials such as basalt, jade and jadeite, greenstone and some forms of rhyolite which are not suitable for flaking. The greenstone industry was important in the English Lake District, and is known as the Langdale axe industry. Ground

title: Prehistoric technology

text: Prehistoric technology is technology that predates recorded history. History is the study of the past using written records. Anything prior to the first written accounts of history is prehistoric, including earlier technologies. About 2.5 million years before writing was developed, technology began with the earliest hominids who used stone tools, which they may have used to start fires, hunt, and bury their dead.

title: Prehistoric technology

short_answers:
bury their dead
hunt
start fires


question: who wrote the text for jeanie with the light brown hair

answers: Stephen Foster

text: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair (TV series) The story begins in a small town in Pennsylvania in 1838. Jeanie MacDowell is a cheerful and beautiful girl with light brown hair (although this could be perceived as being blonde hair). Jeanie enjoys playing the piano and loves taking piano lessons from her mother. Steven, a good harmonica player, and Bill, a boy who is very good at playing the banjo, are great friends of Jeanie's. They enjoy playing music together like a small band. However, Jeanie's happy life changes dramatically after her mother suddenly passes away. Experiencing many difficulties and

title: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair

text: BMI's Jeannie [sic] With the Light Brown Hair been played that she was widely reported to have turned grey." Bing Crosby recorded the song on March 22, 1940, for Decca Records with John Scott Trotter and His Orchestra. Violinist Jascha Heifetz transcribed the song for the violin and it became a signature piece for him for years. The transcription has been performed by many subsequent violinists. The opening line notably got used as the basis for the title of the TV series "I Dream of Jeannie". In the 1956 Bugs Bunny short "Broomstick Bunny", a play on the title is

text: anime distributor Yamato Video. Scandinavian Titles Norwegian: Jeanie Med Det Lysebrune Håret. The series was broadcast in Norway on NRK in September 1996. Swedish: Jeanie Med Ljusbrunt Hår. The series was broadcast in Sweden on SVT2 in August 1996 Danish: Jeanie Med Lysebrunt Hår. The series was broadcast in Denmark on DR2 in May 1996 The anime was again being broadcast in all 3 countries in 1998 on the Scandinavian version of FOX Kids. In Indonesia it was broadcast on Spacetoon in mid-2000s. Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair (TV series) The story begins in a small town in Pennsylvania

text: anime was never released on DVD in France, and only received a TV airing. Italian Title: Fiocchi di Cotone per Jeanie ("Cotton Balls for Jeanie") The series was broadcast in Italy on the private television channel Italy 1 in June 1994, where it was well received. It has since been released on DVD by Yamato Video with both the original Japanese audio and the Italian dub. The Italian version also had its own theme song, "Flakes of Cotton for Jeanie," performed by Cristina D'Avena. It has also been published on a streaming channel on YouTube under "Yamato Animation" by Italian

title: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair

text: with its proper, correct lyrics until they know them by heart as punishment. In an animated alphabet segment from "Sesame Street" featuring a boy with a big egg on his knee and a girl jumping rope. they comment on the egg while reciting bits of the alphabet in rhyme; after they reach the end with Z, the egg bursts and hatches a tap dancing lizard who does a singing soft shoe version of the song. In the movie Beyond Tomorrow (1940), the character Jimmy Houston (Richard Carlson) sang the entire song during a Christmas dinner with a band accompaniment. Jeanie

title: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair

text: A few lines of the song's first stanza are sung loudly, a cappella, in the "Band of Brothers" episode "Bastogne" by soldiers Joseph Liebgott, James Alley and an unnamed soldier in a foxhole, shortly before being shelled by Nazi artillery. In the John Cassavetes motion picture "Faces", an important scene occurs which revolves around the singing of this song. The full title is used as the nickname for character Jeanie in "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip", most notably several times in the episode "The Cold Open". One of the Pink Panther animated cartoons is entitled "Genie with the Light

title: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair

text: used in the closing lines: "Hello, air-raid headquarters? Well, you're not gonna believe this, but I just saw a genie with light brown hair chasing a flying sorceress." Bugs would also, in other shorts, sing a variation: "I dream of Jeanie, she's a light brown hare." Episode 12 of the first season of the Phil Silvers Show, title "Singing Contest" involves his platoon very badly singing the same song throughout the show but a private in the platoon who has an excellent singing voice saves their chances to win and they all end up in Florida for the Army finals.

title: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair

text: Pink Fur"; it is about a magic lamp that turns the Pink Panther into a genie. A song segment from "The Alvin Show" devoted to this song has Dave Seville courting a young woman named, interestingly enough, Jeanie, singing the song to her in a boat while she admires it; meanwhile Dave's charges the Chipmunks, disgusted with all this, counter with a very silly and inappropriate spoof, "I dream of Jeanie with the "green purple" hair/She looks so funny, people stop and stare.." which insults Jeanie and annoys Dave to the point of forcing the Chipmunks to sing the song

title: Swanee River (film)

text: "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair." However, Stephen's prosperity ends when his classical music fails and the advent of the Civil War brands his music as traitorous. When he turns to drinking, Jane leaves him, but two years later she returns to encourage him to write "Old Folks at Home." Stephen never hears the composition performed, however; for on the night that Christy presents the song to a New York audience, the composer dies of a heart attack. According to a news item in Hollywood Reporter, David O. Selznick was interested in working on this film. Material contained in the

title: Jeanie Lang

text: Jeanie Lang Jeanie Lang is an American actress, mostly known for having a lead role in the 1930 color film "King of Jazz". She was born on December 17, 1911 in Maplewood, Missouri, USA. She was an actress and singer and played in "King of Jazz" (1930) where she sings with Paul Whiteman and his orchestra ("Ragamuffin Romeo", "I Like to Do Things for You"), and in the shorts "Freshman Love" (1931) and "The Way of All Freshmen" (1933). She was married to Arthur C. Langkamer (Lang) who died in 1986. She died on September 19, 1993 in Broward, Florida,

title: Jeanie Lang

text: USA. Jeanie Lang Jeanie Lang is an American actress, mostly known for having a lead role in the 1930 color film "King of Jazz". She was born on December 17, 1911 in Maplewood, Missouri, USA. She was an actress and singer and played in "King of Jazz" (1930) where she sings with Paul Whiteman and his orchestra ("Ragamuffin Romeo", "I Like to Do Things for You"), and in the shorts "Freshman Love" (1931) and "The Way of All Freshmen" (1933). She was married to Arthur C. Langkamer (Lang) who died in 1986. She died on September 19, 1993 in Broward,

title: Me and Juliet

text: Larry sings the part of Me in the scene, as the curtain falls ("Finale of Our Play"). The cast consisted mostly of unknowns, though Isabel Bigley, who had just originated Sister Sarah Brown in "Guys and Dolls", was given the leading role of chorus girl Jeanie. For Larry, the assistant stage manager who falls in love with Jeanie, they cast Bill Hayes, a well-known stage and television actor. William Tabbert, the original Lt. Joe Cable in "South Pacific" was considered for the part of Larry, but lost out because he was thought to be too tall to be afraid of

title: Stephen Foster's sketchbook

text: and initials. In addition to the digital version, a photostat of the sketchbook was published by the staff of the Foster Hall Collection in 1933. This full transcript of the book was created by Deane L. Root and edited by Kathryn Miller Haines in June 2000. The Transcript field within the database contains the text and is searchable. Foliation (recto and verso) numbers were supplied in 1986 using archival techniques. The draft and original text for Foster's song "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" is contained in the sketchbook. In addition, Foster records his meeting with Charles Dickens while Dickens

title: Hair (musical)

text: Musical Show Album. When the Broadway cast transferred to London for the 2010 West-End revival, a mostly new tribe took over on Broadway on March 9, 2010, including former "American Idol" finalists Ace Young as Berger and Diana DeGarmo as Sheila. Kyle Riabko assumed the role of Claude, Annaleigh Ashford played Jeanie, and Vanessa Ray was Chrissie. Rachel Bay Jones later played Mother and other roles. Sales decreased after the original cast transferred to London, and the revival closed on June 27, 2010, after 29 previews and 519 regular performances. A U.S. National Tour of the production began on October

title: The Dreaming (Tokyopop comic)

text: The Dreaming (Tokyopop comic) The Dreaming is an original English-language manga series created by artist/author Queenie Chan and published by Tokyopop. It is one of the first manga put out by the company that were not made in Japan. "Jeanie" and "Amber Malkin" - identical twin sisters - are new students at the 100-year-old Greenwich Private College, a boarding school in North Sydney, Australia that lies on the edge of vast, virgin bushlands. After settling in and meeting new friends, the girls learn an unsettling secret: time and time again over the past century, students have wandered off into the

title: Marion Adams-Acton

text: with Mrs Gladstone called "The Bee". By the 1890s Jeanie was socialising in the highest circles with kings, queens and prime ministers, and although she wrote plays, one of which was performed at the Strand Theatre, she wrote no more fiction. She was looking for a new challenge in her life when her husband came home one day and announced that some friends had just walked from London to Dorset. Enamoured with this idea, she decided that the summer trip to Arran should be made that year on foot. Her husband quite reasonably objected on the grounds that his friends

title: Jeanie Cunningham

text: Jeanie Cunningham Jean Akin Cunningham (born September 3, 1956) is an American performer, composer, songwriter, producer, writer and host of the video based web site The Composers Corner. She has toured with Lionel Richie, David Crosby of Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young and worked closely with Ike and Tina Turner. She is also the co-author and voice of the ongoing children's audio book series, Los Diggities, written about three rescued dogs living in Los Angeles, (first published in 2010). Seven cds of her music have been released on both domestic and international labels, as well as 2 performance DVDs. Her

title: Jeanie Cunningham

text: the Internet with its own website dedicated to the education of music to those who are interested in pursuing it as a career. In 2007, and after a six-year dedicated effort, Jeanie completed 23 compositions for her first musical, "DULA", (from the play written by Paul Elliott), which gives a detailed and dramatic history of the folk-song legend, Tom Dooley, and how an innocent man was hung for a crime he did not commit in the years immediately following the Civil War. Its first staged reading was performed by Northwestern University in 2012 and the world premiere of the full

title: Their Eyes Were Watching God

text: When Janie marries Tea Cake and moves to the Everglades she becomes friendly with a woman named Mrs. Turner. Mrs. Turner compliments Janie on her light skin and her Caucasian features. She disagrees with Janie's marriage to Tea Cake, since he is darker skinned with more African features. Mrs. Turner tries to get Janie to leave Tea Cake and marry her brother, Mr. Turner. This results in Tea Cake's jealousy and distrust of Mrs. and Mr. Turner. Perhaps the strongest inspiration for Hurston's writing of "Their Eyes Were Watching God" was her former lover Percival Punter. Hurston writes in her

title: Jeanie Tracy

text: Jeanie Tracy Jeanie Tracy is an American singer-songwriter and actress, born in Houston, Texas and raised in Fresno, California. Growing up Tracy sang in a church and school choir in addition to studying opera and classical piano. Tracy moved to San Francisco and quickly began singing in night clubs and special events. Tracy went on to do the lead role in "Sing Mahalia Sing" upon Jennifer Holliday leaving the show under the direction of George Faison, and then working with director George Coates in the theatrical piece "Right Mind." Tracy was noticed by Harvey Fuqua who hired to her to

title: I Dream of Jeannie

text: he turned her into a genie at that time or if she had been born one.) In a 1966 paperback novel "I Dream of Jeannie", by Al Hine, writing pseudonymously as "Dennis Brewster", published by Pocket Books, very loosely based on the series, Jeannie (in the book, her real name is revealed as "Fawzia") and her immediate family were established in the story as genies living in Tehran hundreds of years before Tony found her bottle on an island in the Persian Gulf (instead of the South Pacific, as depicted on TV). The first-season theme music was an instrumental jazz

title: Jeanie Cunningham

text: production took place at the “Oh Look!” Performing Arts Center near Dallas, Texas in 2015. She has been seen performing at the Sommet Center in Nashville, (2007) and the New Orleans Morial Convention Center (2008) with Shaklee Corporation CEO, Roger Barnett, himself a gifted pianist and composer. The two of them penned a song for the Shaklee Company, "You Can Have It All" which they recorded together in Hollywood's famous Cherokee Studios. That recording was the last recording ever made at Cherokee before it closed its doors after over 40 years. (Music Connection Article). In October, 2015, Jeanie performed at

title: Janie Sell

text: Janie Sell Jane Ann "Janie" Sell (born October 1, 1939 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American actress. Sell won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for "Over Here!", which also starred the then-surviving Andrews Sisters Maxene and Patty. She also appeared in "George M!", "I Love My Wife", "Irene", "Dames at Sea" and a revival of "Pal Joey". She appeared off-Broadway in Kurt Vonnegut's "God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater" in 1979 at the Entermedia Theater. The musical comedy version of Vonnegut's novel was adapted and directed by Howard Ashman, with music by Alan Menken, and lyrics

title: Paule Marshall

text: detailed writing that I love… but it permits me to operate on many levels and to explore both the inner state of my characters as well as the worlds beyond them." Paule Marshall Paule Marshall (born April 9, 1929) is an American author, best known for her 1959 novel "Brown Girl, Brownstones". In 1992, at the age of 63, Marshall was awarded a Macarthur Fellowship Grant. Marshall was born Valenza Pauline Burke in Brooklyn, NY, to Adriana Viola Clement Burke and Sam Burke. Marshall's father had migrated from Barbados to New York in 1919 and, during her childhood, deserted the

title: Jeanie MacPherson

text: Jeanie MacPherson Jeanie MacPherson (May 18, 1886 – August 26, 1946) was an American actress, writer, and director from 1908 until the late 1940s. She was a pioneer for women in the film industry. She worked with some of the best filmmakers of the time period including D. W. Griffith and Cecil B. DeMille. While she started in the theater, and then had a brief stint as an actress, she ultimately dedicated her life's work to screenwriting for DeMille. She was appraised for her new level resourcefulness and attentiveness to the needs of DeMille. MacPherson was born Abbie Jean Macpherson

title: Jeanie Bryson

text: Jeanie Bryson Jeanie Bryson (born March 10, 1958, in New York City) is an American singer with a combination of jazz, pop and Latin music. Her repertoire is based on durable jazz and pop standards, firmly rooted in the Great American Songbook and the legacies of Peggy Lee and Dinah Washington. Bryson is the daughter of songwriter Connie Bryson and Dizzy Gillespie. Her paternity was kept a secret until after Gillespie's death since he was married. In 1998, Bryson filed a lawsuit against his widow, Lorraine Willis, after her lawyer found court records from 1965 in which Gillespie admitted he

title: Jeannie Jeannie Jeannie

text: Jeannie Jeannie Jeannie "Jeannie Jeannie Jeannie" is a song by Eddie Cochran recorded and released as a single in January 1958 on Liberty Records 55123. It was a minor hit for Cochran and stalled at number 94 on the Billboard charts. "Jeannie, Jeannie, Jeannie" was posthumously released in the United Kingdom in 1961 on the London Records label and rose to number 31. Later versions are most commonly known as "Jeanie, Jeanie, Jeanie". The song was first written as "Johnny, Johnny, Johnny" for The Georgettes, but they never recorded it. The Stray Cats recorded a version of "Jeanie Jeanie Jeanie"

title: Sunny Johnson

text: death. Sunny Johnson Sunny Sue Johnson (September 21, 1953 – June 19, 1984) was an American actress who was most notable for portraying figure skater Jeanie in the 1983 film "Flashdance". The actress first appeared in the "Baretta" series on television. She also appeared in an episode of "Charlie's Angels". She also had roles in the films "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia" and the spoof "Dr. Heckyl and Mr. Hype" with the English actor Oliver Reed. She appears briefly in the movie "Animal House" as Fawn Liebowitz's sorority housemate at the girl's college during the fateful road

title: Jean (song)

text: Jean (song) "Jean" is a popular song from the 1969 movie "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie". It was written by the American poet and composer Rod McKuen, who also recorded a version of the song. The song was the theme to the 1969 film adaptation of Dame Muriel Spark's "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie", which starred noted British film actress Maggie Smith. Smith won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of the lead character in the film, Jean Brodie. The song was performed by songwriter McKuen, who was nominated for an Academy Award in the

title: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair

text: "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" is a parlor song by Stephen Foster (1826–1864).  It was published by Firth, Pond & Co. of New York in 1854. Foster wrote the song with his estranged wife Jane McDowell in mind. The lyrics allude to a permanent separation.

title: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair


question: where does the bob and tom show broadcast from

answers: WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana

answers: Indianapolis, Indiana

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: interviews" which airs new broadcasts every weekday morning live from 6 to 10 A.M. in the Eastern Time Zone (5–9 A.M. Central) or tape-delayed on affiliated stations in other time zones. There is an additional weekday segment which airs between 10:00 and 10:20 A.M. ET only on home station WFBQ. As of February 13, 2017, the post-show segment airs only on select dates rather than daily. Since January 31, 2011, "The Bob & Tom Show" has aired on the American Forces Network as the morning show on AFN's Legacy Channel-The World's Classic Rock Station. "The Bob & Tom Show" repurposes

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: their live morning show as an overnight show called "Bob & Tom All Nighter". "All Nighter" airs 12–5 A.M. on a few terrestrial affiliated stations and their streams. During the show, live or pre-recorded comic songs and skits are often played, including many from a huge library of archived pieces. There are frequent impromptu "calls" from numerous characters voiced primarily by Steve Salge, Ron Sexton, and Dean Metcalf. Several guests usually join the primary cast each day in the studio or via phone or satellite, including numerous comedians who tour nationally. The show has frequently featured up-and-coming comedians who went

title: WYCM

text: jockeys. The syndicated Bob & Tom Show aired on WSHP for the last time on October 20, 2010 (and still airs in the Lafayette area from its home studios at WFBQ, 94.7, Indianapolis). General manager Ernie Caldemone, as quoted in an October 28, 2010 Lafayette Journal and Courier article, said, "Every three to five years a contract (renewal) comes up and we just decided this was not a time to be broadcasting Bob and Tom. There are people who are upset. But after we share with them the reasoning for it, they understand. It's strictly a business decision." From Monday,

title: WGN America

text: that proved too expensive to maintain. On August 21, 2008, WGN America announced a partnership with Indianapolis radio station WFBQ to carry the television broadcast of "The Bob & Tom Show" radio program – which was originally produced for Tribune's duopoly of Fox affiliate WXIN (channel 59) and CW affiliate WTTV (channel 4, now a CBS affiliate) in that market. The program debuted on WGN America on November 3, 2008, originally airing in a standard late night slot, before being moved to overnights until the television broadcast ended on September 13, 2010. On December 19, 2008, WGN America reached a

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: iOS and Android in early 2016, through which users may hear live streams of new broadcasts on weekday mornings through affiliate stations plus "B&T 24/7," a continuous stream of "Best of "Bob & Tom"" shows. This marked the first time that a stream of broadcasts from the show's archive became available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at no charge to listeners. Previously, "B&T 24/7" was available only to paid subscribers of the "VIP" feature at the show's web site. "B&T 24/7" features segments recorded throughout the show's history, most featuring the original primary cast of Bob, Tom,

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: May 1, 2018, to "The Bob & Tom Show." iHeartMedia, corporate parent of flagship WFBQ "Q95" and another 12 of the show's 90+ syndication outlets, announced a renewed agreement on December 10, 2018, to continue airing the show on those iHeartMedia stations. Although the announcement did not detail the length of the agreement, news reports note that "The Bob & Tom Show" could conceivably celebrate its 40th anniversary at Q95 on March 7, 2023. The show's primary cast performed live on stage with guest comedians and live musicians at evening shows in venues around the country for several years in

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: it was moved to 2 a.m. ET). The program ended its run on WGN America on September 10, 2010, as part of an extensive revamp of the network's schedule. As part of the deal, WTTV Indianapolis (another Tribune-owned station) would be the first to air the nightly one-hour telecast. Over their career, the show has been actively involved in charitable work. Some of the albums they have produced since 1986 have been utilized to raise money for various charities. After the syndicated portion of their show ends at 10:00 a.m. Eastern they typically devote up to a half-hour to further

title: WNGZ

text: Snider's "House of Hair airs from 9:00 pm until Midnight. WNGZ WNGZ (104.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a mainstream rock format. Licensed to Montour Falls, New York, United States, the station serves the Elmira-Corning area. The station is currently owned by Community Broadcasters, LLC. The Bob and Tom Show airs 6 days a week (Monday - Saturday) from 6:00 am until 10:00 am. Ally hosts middays from 10:00 am to 3:00 pm (Monday - Friday) and Lancer hosts the afternoon show from 3:00 pm to 7:00 pm (Monday - Friday). The station plays an all-music format from 7:00

title: WIII (FM)

text: Classic Rock service. The Bob & Tom Show airs from 6-10 AM Monday - Saturday and the local Working Stiff Show with Kat Walters airs 11 AM – 6 PM. The WIII call letters have been in place since November 1994 - prior to that it was WYYS, WNYP-FM and WOKW. WIII joined the New York Giants Radio Network in 2012. WIII also broadcasts on the following translator: WIII (FM) WIII (branded as I-100) is a radio station serving the vicinity of Ithaca and Cortland, New York, with a classic rock format. This station broadcasts at 99.9 MHz in Cortland

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: "The Bob & Tom Show". Dave Wilson filled in for Chick at first and then Gunner filled in for the rest of Chick's absence. Steve Allee is the show's music director. He has co-produced more than 50 "Bob & Tom" albums over the past 25 years. In the early years of the show, Pat Carlini served as a fifth in-studio cast member, joining Bob, Tom, Chick, and Kristi during their second or third hour after Carlini completed her weather-casting and news anchor duties at WTHR television's morning news program. Since the show was first syndicated in January 1995, Dave "Gunner"

title: Bob & Brian

text: Bob & Brian Bob and Brian is a talk radio show broadcast from WHQG in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Topics of discussion include politics, celebrity gossip, and sports, along with the random daily events. The show broadcasts weekdays from 5:30 a.m. to 10:15 a.m. and repeats as a week-in-review show on Saturday mornings. It is syndicated in Wisconsin. Longtime friends who grew up in Union Grove, Wisconsin, Bob Madden and Brian Nelson went to high school and technical college together before teaming up to work in radio in January 1981. They had brief stints for stations in Florida, Missouri, Michigan, and Toledo,

title: Chick McGee

text: his former job on "The Bob & Tom Show". McGee joined "The Bob & Tom Show" on April 1, 1986, as the show’s announcer. His duties expanded to include recapping the day's sports news and being the show's comic foil. McGee started podcasting on July 24, 2012. It is regularly hosted by Chick and his (former) girlfriend Jessica Hooker. The podcast is an insightful look into his off-air personality. Chick talks about Fat Kid Weekends, Anger Sweats, who he would never allow on his podcast, and great off air radio stories. It was revealed in a very personal podcast with

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: the late 1990s and early 2000s. Later, they supported the which featured many of their frequent guests and spawned Comedy Central broadcasts and a . Many fictional characters and parodies of real-life people have sprung up during the show's history, some voiced by Bob Kevoian, Tom Griswold, Chick McGee, on-air producer Dean Metcalf, Steve Salge, and Ron Sexton. The show also takes calls from actual live listeners, plus miscellaneous "crazy listener" caricatures. On November 3, 2008, WGN America began airing an hour-long TV show taken from the day's radio broadcast at Midnight ET Monday through Friday (as of November 2009,

title: Chick McGee

text: Fine Arts Hall of Fame of the London City Schools. He began his career at a small 1,000-watt radio station in West Virginia and held various on-air positions at stations in West Virginia and Ohio. Prior to joining "The Bob and Tom Show," he went by the name Chuck Mikelz. On April 1, 1986, Chick joined "The Bob & Tom Show". In January 1995, Chick left "The Bob and Tom Show" to become co-host of a show called "Kevin & McGee" at KGB-FM in San Diego, California. After six months in San Diego, McGee returned on July 10, 1995 to

title: WMMS

text: Mornings with Sean, Cristi, and Hunter" (Sean Kelly, Cristi Cantle, Hunter Scott), came and went in quick succession. "The Bob and Tom Show" aired from 2006 through early 2008, the only time since adopting a rock format that WMMS carried a syndicated program in that time slot with no connection to the station throughout the duration of its run. Ohio native Maxwell (Benjamin Bornstein) was hired on for the WMMS afternoon drive in April 2004 following the departure of Slats (Tim Guinane) for rival station WXTM. An experienced on-air personality, Maxwell was joined by WMMS music director Dan Stansbury and

title: WEND

text: local affiliate of the syndicated Bob and Tom Show until March 31, 2010. Woody & Wilcox, from KBFX in Anchorage, Alaska, moved their morning show to Charlotte on April 19, 2010, though they continued to air on KBFX. The audience for mornings jumped 74 percent. On February 24, 2014, co-owned WVBZ in Greensboro, North Carolina became the first station other than WEND and KBFX to add the team. During 2014, Woody & Wilcox added three other affiliates: KKZX in Spokane, Washington; KKED in Fairbanks, Alaska on September 29; and KPAW in Fort Collins, Colorado. WEND has aired weekend specialty shows

title: IHeartMedia

text: day and voicetracked at night. Some stations run "Rockline" with Bob Coburn and/or "Little Steven's Underground Garage" as well. While iHeartMedia classic rock stations operate under a wide variety of monikers, many are branded as "The Fox" or "The Brew". Often, these stations will carry Bob and Tom in morning drive. In the Southern United States, "John Boy and Billy" is carried instead in most cases. (Both of the aforementioned shows are syndicated by Premiere.) Other shows include the "Walton and Johnson Show" out of Houston and Rover's Morning Glory out of Cleveland. Starting with WQBW Milwaukee (which has since

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: Chick, and Kristi. For most of "The Bob & Tom Show’s" 35+ year history, the cast consisted of hosts Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold, sports commentator and comic foil Chick McGee, news director Kristi Lee, and producer Dean Metcalf. Kevoian and Griswold originally teamed up in the early 1980s at Petoskey, Michigan station WJML before being lured to WFBQ "Q95" Indianapolis in 1983 to host what was initially a music-heavy morning show. After McGee (in 1986) and Lee (in 1988) joined the show, the primary cast that listeners would know for decades simply as “Bob, Tom, Chick, and Kristi” was

title: WFBQ

text: has been the home of "The Bob & Tom Show" since 1983, remaining the flagship station even after distribution switched from iHeartMedia to rival Cumulus Media in 2014. It was the flagship station for Indianapolis Colts game broadcasts from 1998 through the 2007 Super Bowl. The rights have since been acquired by Emmis Communications' WLHK. WFBQ is the State Primary Source for the Indiana Emergency Alert System. At a 1991 Guns N' Roses concert in Noblesville, Indiana, frontman Axl Rose (a Lafayette native) spotted a fan wearing a Q95 T-shirt and proceeded to tell the crowd about how he listened

title: WYDL

text: airing Top 40 hits of the 80s, 90s and Today. However, in 2007, for a brief time, WILD 100.7 decided to take on syndication in the mornings with Bob & Tom, therefore placing Mike B (TIC TAK) in the afternoon drive time. October 19, 2007, was the last day for Bob & Tom, and a new local morning show took its place. That moved TIC TAK back to Morning Drive and paired him with Wild's night personality ACE, forming "The T&A Morning Show". In October 2009, yet another change to the "Wild" lineup, adding Elvis Duran from Z100 New York

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: morning show on sister station WNDE. Hosting duties for "Best of" broadcasts have subsequently been handled by Christopher Geisen, formerly of WOFX-FM in Cincinnati, and the Kerrigan & Christopher morning show at WTUE in Dayton, Ohio, and now a member of the show's staff. On September 1, 2015, Bob and Tom were selected as inductees to the National Radio Hall of Fame. The induction ceremony took place on November 5, 2015, at the Museum of Broadcast Communications in downtown Chicago. During his induction speech, Bob announced his retirement effective at the end of 2015. Before Bob's retirement, Scott Potasnik ("P-taz")

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: April 3, 2017, Bob made his first live on-air appearance since his retirement for the show's annual Cincinnati Reds Opening Day broadcast. On May 26, 2017, Bob made his second appearance and his first with Kristi Lee at the Indy 500 Carb Day show. The "master control" seat, historically occupied by Bob, had been filled after his retirement mostly by "Bob & Tom" staffers who did not speak on the air until Ace Cosby joined the show in 2017 as its in-studio engineer and occasional on-air contributor. Cosby joined "Bob & Tom" flagship WFBQ in the early 1980s as an

title: WTTV

text: in the production of the Hoosier Lottery's daily drawings to fulfill requirements of channel 4's contract with the lottery commission, which required the evening drawings to air during local newscasts. In August 2008, Clear Channel-owned radio station WFBQ (94.7 FM) formed a partnership with the Tribune Company to produce a television broadcast of the nationally syndicated radio program "The Bob & Tom Show" (hosted by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold); the pre-recorded hour-long program – featuring highlights taken from that day's radio broadcast – aired on WTTV and co-owned Chicago-based cable superstation WGN America, in an effort by Tribune to

title: WKRU

text: schedule features "The Bob & Tom Show" in morning drive; "Bob & Tom", which is distributed by Cumulus-owned Westwood One, had aired in Green Bay on the rock-formatted WOZZ/WRQE (93.5 FM) before that station's 2014 flip to classic country as WGEE. WKRU WKRU (106.7 FM) is a classic rock radio station licensed to Allouez, Wisconsin and serving the Green Bay area. The station is owned by Cumulus Media. WKRU's studios are located on Victoria Street in Green Bay, while its transmitter is located off Kepler Drive in the eastern part of Green Bay. The station began broadcasts in December 1996,

title: Bob and Tom Radio: The Comedy Tour

text: past few years, Kevoian and Griswold have organized comedy show tours around the USA, with select groups of 4-5 comedians and usually one of their stalwart show members as an emcee, like Kristi Lee or Chick McGee. These are now known collectively as the Bob and Tom Radio Comedy Tours and they play in venues all over the country throughout the year. The high penetration of their 150-station syndication almost guarantees a full house of folks who are very much in tune with the comedians through their radio presence on the Bob and Tom Show. As a way to extend

title: WLUM-FM

text: was wholly incompatible for the rest of WLUM's younger-skewing broadcast day. The "Bob and Tom" agreement ran out in 2005, and a locally oriented morning show, "Kramp and Adler", debuted on St. Patrick's Day. This was a sign of more changes to come. On July 10, 2006, WLUM began stunting as "Quick 102" and started playing five second song clips back-to-back. At the same time, via on-air promos, they poked fun at themselves and their many failed on-air tweaks and changes over the years. At 5:00 PM the next day, the modern rock format was relaunched with a new programming

title: The Bob and Sheri Show

text: The Bob and Sheri Show Bob and Sheri is a syndicated U.S. radio program hosted by Bob Lacey and Sheri Lynch. Its flagship radio station WLNK in Charlotte, North Carolina. The show is owned by Westwood One and runs live on over 40 nationwide affiliates, as well as worldwide in 177 countries and 150 ships at sea through the American Forces Network, from 6 to 10 AM ET. Bob Lacey and Sheri Lynch have co-hosted the show since 1992 when Bob, already established on WLNK's morning drive time show, chose Sheri as co-host from over 65 applicants. Although the show

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: on-air personality and helped Kristi get her first job at the station. Tom refers to him as "the legendary Ace Cosby" as an homage to Cosby's 30 years of popularity with Indianapolis-area listeners and personal relationships with numerous rock musicians. After Tom announced via social media that Finley, his four-year-old daughter with Kelly McCarthy, would be undergoing surgery for the removal of a benign brain tumor, "The Bob & Tom Show" announced that Bob would fill in for Tom during the show's regular broadcast on Friday, December 8, 2017. National radio syndicator Westwood One granted a multi-year contract extension on

title: WGFN

text: Bear station in the region is WCHY, which airs the same programming and playlist as WGFN, but features differing station identifications and commercial content for its market. Both stations aired the popular syndicated morning radio program "The Bob & Tom Show" until September 2017, and currently air Detroit Tigers baseball games and Detroit Lions football games. The current lineup includes Omelette and Coates in morning drive, "NASCAR" Steve in mid-days, and Jay Roberts on afternoon drive. Until 2009, WGFN was joined by 97.9 WIHC in Newberry, 105.1 WGFM in Cheboygan, and 107.1 WCKC in Cadillac in Northern Star Broadcasting's then-Classic

title: The Bob & Tom Show

text: The Bob & Tom Show is a syndicated US radio program established by Bob Kevoian and Tom Griswold at radio station WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana, March 7, 1983, and syndicated nationally since January 6, 1995.  Originally syndicated by Premiere Networks, the show moved to Cumulus Media Networks (now Westwood One) at the beginning of 2014.

title: The Bob & Tom Show

short_answers:
Indianapolis, Indiana
WFBQ in Indianapolis, Indiana


question: what part of brain is responsible for complex thinking

answers: the frontal lobe

title: Al's Brain

text: many different styles of animation. It starts with a picture of the brain which then starts to move. It shows you that he brain is "divided into two hemispheres" and that the left side "controls your right side and your left controls your right side" which happen to be "tied together" by the Corpus Callosum, as well showing that the brain is covered with a meninges layer, cerebral spinal fluid and afterwards you are looking at the four lobes of the brain, which compose of the Frontal, the temporal, the parietal and the occipital lobes and that they are all

title: Chemoreceptor trigger zone

text: is located, and therefore also the area postrema and the CTZ. Then later lifeforms developed another segment of the brain, which includes the limbic system. This area of the brain is responsible for producing emotion and emotional responses to external stimuli, and also is significantly involved in memory and reward systems. Evolutionarily, the cerebral cortex is the most recent development. This area of the brain is responsible for critical thinking and reasoning, and is actively involved in decision making. It has been discovered that a major cause of increased intelligence in species including humans is the increase in cortical neurons

title: Thalamus

text: circuits in the cortex appropriate for the current context and thereby contribute to the flexibility (of the mammalian brain) to make complex decisions by wiring the many associations on which decisions depend into weakly connected cortical circuits." Researchers founds that "enhancing MD activity magnified the ability of mice to “think,” driving down by more than 25 percent their error rate in deciding which conflicting sensory stimuli to follow to find the reward." The thalamic complex is composed of the perithalamus (or prethalamus, previously also known as ventral thalamus), the mid-diencephalic organiser (which forms later the zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI) )

title: Visual language

text: mind are seeking pattern and simple whole shapes. When we look at more complex visual images such as paintings we can see that art has been a continuous attempt to "notate" visual information. Thought processes are diffused and interconnected and are cognitive at a sensory level. The mind thinks at its deepest level in sense material, and the two hemispheres of the brain deal with different kinds of thought. The brain is divided into two hemispheres and a thick bundle of nerve fibres enable these two halves to communicate with each other. In most people the ability to organize and

title: Ten percent of the brain myth

text: propagated simply by a truncation of the idea that some use a small percentage of their brains at any given time. In the same article in "Scientific American", John Henley, a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota states: "Evidence would show over a day you use 100 percent of the brain". Although parts of the brain have broadly understood functions, many mysteries remain about how brain cells (i.e., neurons and glia) work together to produce complex behaviors and disorders. Perhaps the broadest, most mysterious question is how diverse regions of the brain collaborate to form conscious experiences. So

title: Executive functions

text: associated with the particular regions of the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, in their review, Alvarez and Emory state that: "The frontal lobes have multiple connections to cortical, subcortical and brain stem sites. The basis of 'higher-level' cognitive functions such as inhibition, flexibility of thinking, problem solving, planning, impulse control, concept formation, abstract thinking, and creativity often arise from much simpler, 'lower-level' forms of cognition and behavior. Thus, the concept of executive function must be broad enough to include anatomical structures that represent a diverse and diffuse portion of the central nervous system." The cerebellum also appears to be involved in mediating

title: Evolution of the brain

text: change is called the cerebrum, or neocortex. In reptiles and fish, this area is called the pallium, and is smaller and simpler relative to body mass than what is found in mammals. According to research, the cerebrum first developed about 200 million years ago. It's responsible for higher cognitive functions - for example, language, thinking, and related forms of information processing. It's also responsible for processing sensory input (together with the thalamus, a part of the limbic system that acts as an information router). Most of its function is subconscious, that is, not available for inspection or intervention by the

title: Thought

text: the body for action. Neurons do not go through mitosis and usually cannot be replaced after being destroyed, although astrocytes have been observed to turn into neurons, as they are sometimes pluripotent. Psychologists have concentrated on thinking as an intellectual exertion aimed at finding an answer to a question or the solution of a practical problem. Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that investigates internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. The school of thought arising from this approach is known as cognitivism, which is interested in how people mentally represent information processing. It had its

title: Donald O. Hebb

text: thought in terms of brain function, explaining cognitive processes in terms of connections between neuron assemblies. These ideas played a large part in his views on education and learning. Hebb viewed motivation and learning as related properties. He believed that everything in the brain was interrelated and worked together. His theory was that everything we experience in our environment fires a set of neurons called a cell assembly. This cell assembly is the brain's thoughts or ideas. These cell assemblies then work together to form phase sequences, which are streams of thoughts. Once these cell assemblies and phase sequences are

title: Albert Einstein's brain

text: the operculum called Broca's area plays an important role in speech production. To compensate, the inferior parietal lobe was 15 percent wider than normal. The inferior parietal region is responsible for mathematical thought, visuospatial cognition, and imagery of movement. Dr. Dahlia Zaidel of the University of California, Los Angeles, examined two slices of Albert Einstein's brain containing the hippocampus in 2001. The hippocampus is a subcortical brain structure that plays an important role in learning and memory. The neurons on the left side of the hippocampus were found to be significantly larger than those on the right, and when compared

title: Human brain

text: is the outermost membrane of the cortex. The living brain is very soft, having a gel-like consistency similar to soft tofu. The cortical layers of neurons constitute much of the brain's grey matter, while the deeper subcortical regions of myelinated axons, make up the white matter. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, and is divided into nearly symmetrical left and right hemispheres by a deep groove, the longitudinal fissure. The outer part of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, made up of grey matter arranged in layers. It is thick, and deeply folded to give a

title: Human brain

text: a contralateral organisation with each hemisphere of the brain interacting primarily with one half of the body: the left side of the brain interacts with the right side of the body, and vice versa. The developmental cause for this is uncertain. Motor connections from the brain to the spinal cord, and sensory connections from the spinal cord to the brain, both cross sides in the brainstem. Visual input follows a more complex rule: the optic nerves from the two eyes come together at a point called the optic chiasm, and half of the fibres from each nerve split off to

title: The Organized Mind

text: latest brain science to explain how the brain can organize this flood of information. Levitin then demonstrates methods that readers can use to regain a sense of mastery over the way they organize their homes, workplaces, and time. It answers three fundamental questions: Why does the brain pay attention to some things and not others? Why do we remember some things and not others? And how can we use that knowledge to better organize our home and workplaces, our time, social world, and decision making? The book is divided in three parts. The first part focuses on attention. Levitin explains

title: Biology of depression

text: parts of the brain. Several areas of the brain are implicated in studies seeking to more fully understand the biology of depression: Studies have shown that Brodmann area 25, also known as subgenual cingulate, is metabolically overactive in treatment-resistant depression. This region is extremely rich in serotonin transporters and is considered as a governor for a vast network involving areas like hypothalamus and brain stem, which influences changes in appetite and sleep; the amygdala and insula, which affect the mood and anxiety; the hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory formation; and some parts of the frontal cortex responsible

title: Coma

text: of these components is sufficient to cause a patient to experience a coma. The cerebral cortex is a group of tight, dense, "gray matter" composed of the nuclei of the neurons whose axons then form the "white matter," and is responsible for perception, relay of the sensory input via the thalamic pathway, and many other neurological functions, including complex thinking. RAS, on the other hand, is a more primitive structure in the brainstem which includes the reticular formation (RF). The RAS area of the brain has two tracts, the ascending and descending tract. Made up of a system of acetylcholine-producing

title: Cortical cooling

text: Cortical cooling Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation

title: Imagination

text: forms require information to be taught in a specific manner so as to use various regions of the brain when being processed. This information can potentially help develop programs for young students to cultivate or further enhance their creative abilities from a young age. The neocortex and thalamus are responsible for controlling the brain's imagination, along with many of the brain's other functions such as consciousness and abstract thought. Since imagination involves many different brain functions, such as emotions, memory, thoughts, etc., portions of the brain where multiple functions occur—such as the thalamus and neocortex—are the main regions where imaginative

title: Theory of mind

text: mind tasks in children. In addition to these hypotheses, there is also evidence that the neural networks between the areas of the brain responsible for language and theory of mind are closely connected. The temporoparietal junction has been shown to be involved in the ability to acquire new vocabulary, as well as perceive and reproduce words. The temporoparietal junction also contains areas that specialize in recognizing faces, voices, and biological motion, in addition to theory of mind. Since all of these areas are located so closely together, it is reasonable to conclude that they work together. Moreover, studies have reported

title: Human brain

text: and lateral prefrontal cortex, appeared to be involved in generating the emotions, while weaker evidence was found for the ventral tegmental area, ventral pallidum and nucleus accumbens in incentive salience. Others, however, have found evidence of activation of specific regions, such as the basal ganglia in happiness, the subcallosal cingulate cortex in sadness, and amygdala in fear. The brain is responsible for cognition, which functions through numerous processes and executive functions. Executive functions include the ability to filter information and tune out irrelevant stimuli with attentional control and cognitive inhibition, the ability to process and manipulate information held in working

title: Cerebrum

text: cerebellum, the cerebrum controls all voluntary actions in the body. The Latin word cerebrum comes . The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. Depending upon the position of the animal it lies either in front or on top of the brainstem. In humans, the cerebrum is the largest and best-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices, (the outer layers of grey matter), and the underlying regions of white matter. Its subcortical structures include the hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb. The cerebrum consists

title: Neuropsychology

text: of neuropsychological functioning is known as functional localization. This is based on the principle that if a specific cognitive problem can be found after an injury to a specific area of the brain, it is possible that this part of the brain is in some way involved. However, there may be reason to believe that the link between mental functions and neural regions is not so simple. An alternative model of the link between mind and brain, such as parallel processing, may have more explanatory power for the workings and dysfunction of the human brain. Yet another approach investigates how

title: Creativity

text: on considerable evidence that all processes of working memory (responsible for processing all thought) are adaptively modeled for increased efficiency by the cerebellum. The cerebellum (consisting of 100 billion neurons, which is more than the entirety of the rest of the brain) is also widely known to adaptively model all bodily movement for efficiency. The cerebellum's adaptive models of working memory processing are then fed back to especially frontal lobe working memory control processes where creative and innovative thoughts arise. (Apparently, creative insight or the "aha" experience is then triggered in the temporal lobe.) According to Vandervert, the details of

title: Sam Schmidt Paralysis Foundation

text: the search for effective treatments. The central nervous system (CNS) controls most functions of the body and mind. It consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the center of our thoughts, the interpreter of our external environment, and the origin of control over body movement. Like a central computer, it interprets information from our eyes (sight), ears (sound), nose (smell), tongue (taste) and skin (touch), as well as from internal organs such as the stomach. It controls all voluntary movement, such as speech and walking, and involuntary movement like blinking and breathing. It is

title: Central nervous system

text: such as hunger, thirst and maternal bonding. This is regulated partly through control of secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. Additionally the hypothalamus plays a role in motivation and many other behaviors of the individual. The cerebrum of cerebral hemispheres make up the largest visual portion of the human brain. Various structures combine to form the cerebral hemispheres, among others: the cortex, basal ganglia, amygdala and hippocampus. The hemispheres together control a large portion of the functions of the human brain such as emotion, memory, perception and motor functions. Apart from this the cerebral hemispheres stand for the cognitive

title: Brain

text: of the brain consists of areas of so-called grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter, with a lighter color. Further information can be gained by staining slices of brain tissue with a variety of chemicals that bring out areas where specific types of molecules are present in high concentrations. It is also possible to examine the microstructure of brain tissue using a microscope, and to trace the pattern of connections from one brain area to another. The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial

title: Brain

text: sharp edges move across specific points in the field of view—a discovery for which they won a Nobel Prize. Follow-up studies in higher-order visual areas found cells that detect binocular disparity, color, movement, and aspects of shape, with areas located at increasing distances from the primary visual cortex showing increasingly complex responses. Other investigations of brain areas unrelated to vision have revealed cells with a wide variety of response correlates, some related to memory, some to abstract types of cognition such as space. Theorists have worked to understand these response patterns by constructing mathematical models of neurons and neural networks,

title: Wendy Suzuki

text: started with studying underlying memory. Her lab focused on the role of the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain that is responsible for memory of facts and events, otherwise known as declarative or explicit memory. Her research group was the first to identify major changes to patterns of neural activity in the hippocampus as subjects worked to form memories that associated unrelated objects with one another, known as "associative memories." They identified neural patterns associated with how the brain forms memories in a temporal order, showing the critical role of the hippocampus in how timing is incorporated into

title: Brain

text: Brain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which

title: Human brain

text: the cranial cavity, lying beneath the occipital lobes, and is separated from these by the cerebellar tentorium, a sheet of fibre. It is connected to the midbrain of the brainstem by the superior cerebellar peduncles, to the pons by the middle cerebellar peduncles, and to the medulla by the inferior cerebellar peduncles. The cerebellum consists of an inner medulla of white matter and an outer cortex of richly folded grey matter. The cerebellum's anterior and posterior lobes appear to play a role in the coordination and smoothing of complex motor movements, and the flocculonodular lobe in the maintenance of balance

title: Frontal lobe

text: The function of the frontal lobe involves the ability to project future consequences resulting from current actions, the choice between good and bad actions (or better and best) (also known as conscience), the override and suppression of socially unacceptable responses, and the determination of similarities and differences between things or events.

title: Frontal lobe


question: who won the champions league final in 2016

answers: Real Madrid

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: by Trent Alexander-Arnold went through a defender's legs and forced a late save by Keylor Navas. Two minutes later, Liverpool forward Mohamed Salah was injured competing for the ball with Sergio Ramos, who had locked Salah's arm resulting in a fall. Due to a dislocated shoulder, Salah was substituted four minutes later for Adam Lallana. Madrid's Dani Carvajal was substituted in the 37th minute with a hamstring injury after an unsuccessful backheel. Minutes later, Karim Benzema's goal was disallowed after he was determined to be offside while finishing a shot started by Cristiano Ronaldo's header. The first half ended scoreless,

title: 2017 UEFA Champions League Final

text: League titles, having won the 2016–17 La Liga on 21 May, the final day of the season. "Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away)." The ambassador for the final was former Wales international Ian Rush, who won the European Cup with Liverpool in 1984, and also played for Juventus from 1987 to 1988. UEFA unveiled the brand identity of the final on 25 August 2016 in Monaco during the group stage draw. With a stadium capacity of 66,000 for the final, a total amount of 41,500 tickets were available to

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: with Madrid dominating possession but Liverpool having more chances to score. The second half began with a shot by Isco, who hit the crossbar. In the 51st minute, Benzema scored the match's first goal by deflecting a throw by Liverpool goalkeeper Loris Karius back into the net. Liverpool equalised four minutes later with a tap-in by Sadio Mané, who finished a header by Dejan Lovren after a corner kick by James Milner from the right. Gareth Bale was substituted in for Isco in the 61st minute and scored Madrid's second goal two minutes later, using an acrobatic bicycle kick to

title: 2017 UEFA Champions League Final

text: replaced striker Karim Benzema with Gareth Bale, a Cardiff native who had not been fit enough to start but was given a homecoming. Cuadrado picked up a second yellow card and was sent off in the 84th minute for a shove on Sergio Ramos, who went down while holding his foot. Marco Asensio scored Madrid's fourth and final goal in the 90th minute, a tap-in from after a cut-back from Marcelo from the left. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw, which was held on 21 April 2017 at UEFA

title: 2016 UEFA Champions League Final

text: were former Argentine international Javier Zanetti, who won the Champions League with Internazionale against Bayern Munich in 2010, and former Italian international Paolo Maldini, who won five European Cups with Milan. UEFA unveiled the brand identity of the final on 27 August 2015 in Monaco ahead of the group stage draw. The logo features the Milan landmark Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II. With a stadium capacity of 71,500, a total amount of 46,000 tickets were available to fans and the general public, with the two finalist teams receiving 20,000 tickets each and with 6,000 tickets being available for sale to fans

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: by Clarence Seedorf in 2007 and by Andrés Iniesta in 2015. Gareth Bale became the first substitute to score two goals in a Champions League final and was named man of the match. His first goal received acclaim as one of the best in Champions League history and was compared to Ronaldo's bicycle kick goal against Juventus in the quarter-final and manager Zinedine Zidane's goal in the 2002 final. Sergio Ramos's tackle on Mohamed Salah received mixed reactions from the press and fans on whether the injury was the result of a deliberate blow or an accident. Egyptian fans responded

title: 2015 UEFA Champions League Final

text: added-time addition by Neymar. Six days later at the Allianz Arena, Bayern took the lead through Medhi Benatia, and Neymar put Barcelona into the lead by half time. Second-half goals by Robert Lewandowski and Thomas Müller gave Bayern a 3–2 win on the night, but Barcelona advanced 5–3 on aggregate. Former Germany international player Karl-Heinz Riedle, who won the Champions League with Borussia Dortmund against Juventus in 1997, was named the ambassador for the final. UEFA unveiled the visual identity of the final on 29 August 2014. It blends the stadium with the city's Brandenburg Gate. With a stadium capacity

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: 13th overall Champions League title, becoming the first team to achieve three back-to-back titles since Bayern Munich defeated Saint-Étienne in the 1976 European Cup Final; it was additionally their fourth title in five seasons. They also earned the right to play the winners of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League, Atlético Madrid, in the 2018 UEFA Super Cup and to enter the semi-finals of the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup. They also qualified to enter the group stage of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, but since they already qualified through their league performance, the berth reserved was given to the champions

title: 2014 UEFA Champions League Final

text: finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). It was the fourth Champions League final for their current coach Carlo Ancelotti, who previously coached Milan to victories in 2003 and 2007 and defeat in 2005, equalling the record shared by Alex Ferguson, and Miguel Muñoz. He joined Bob Paisley as the only manager to have won three titles, and also became the fifth manager to win titles with two different clubs, after Ernst Happel, Ottmar Hitzfeld, José Mourinho, and Jupp Heynckes. Atlético Madrid, who a week earlier had won their first La

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: was the fifth consecutive title for a Spanish side in the Champions League, becoming the longest run for the trophy to be held by teams from the same country since English sides won six consecutive titles between 1977 and 1982. Manager Zinedine Zidane became the first to win three consecutive Champions League titles and matched Carlo Ancelotti's record of Champions League era wins. Five days after the final, Zidane announced that he would step down as manager in favour of a "different voice". Cristiano Ronaldo became the first player to win the Champions League five times, surpassing the record set

title: Michael Lang (footballer)

text: Lang won the Swiss Super League championship at the end of the 2015–16 Super League season and again at the end of the 2016–17 Super League season. For the club this was the eighth title in a row and their 20th championship title in total. They also won the Swiss Cup for the twelfth time, which meant they had won the double for the sixth time in the clubs history. Lang scored his first Champions League goal in the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage home game on 27 September against Benfica. It was the first goal of the game

title: Dani Alves

text: worn by his friend Éric Abidal, to whom he offered to donate part of his liver during Abidal's treatment for liver cancer. On 6 June 2015, Alves started for "Barça" in the 2015 Champions League final as the club won its fifth European Cup by beating Juventus at the Olympiastadion in Berlin. This made Barcelona the first club in history to win the treble of domestic league, domestic cup and European Cup twice. Alves, Lionel Messi, Andrés Iniesta, Xavi, Gerard Piqué, Pedro and Sergio Busquets are the only players to have been a part of both treble-winning teams. On 9

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: finish a cross by Marcelo from the left. Liverpool pressed for a second equalising goal, with a shot by Mané that hit the goal post and calls for a penalty for an alleged handball, but were also losing possession to Madrid. Ronaldo had a chance to score his first goal of the match during a counterattack in the 73rd minute, but was tackled by Liverpool defender Andrew Robertson in the penalty box. Bale scored his second goal of the match in the 83rd minute on a shot that swerved in front of Karius and went through his hands and into

title: UEFA Euro 2016 Final

text: Viktor Kassai was chosen as the fourth official, with his fellow countryman György Ring as the reserve assistant. Clattenburg became the second official to officiate both a Champions League final and European Championship final in the same season, after Pedro Proença in 2012. This made it a hat-trick of cup finals for Clattenburg, after the 2016 FA Cup Final and the aforementioned 2016 UEFA Champions League Final, all within a seven-week span. In addition, Clattenburg, FIFA listed since 2007 and a UEFA Elite referee, has officiated the 2012 Olympics gold medal match and the 2014 UEFA Super Cup. Domestically, he

title: Patrice Evra

text: 2015, Evra started for Juventus in the 2015 UEFA Champions League final as Juventus were defeated 3–1 by Barcelona at Berlin's Olympiastadion. The match was the fifth Champions League final in which he had appeared, and the defeat meant he became the first player to lose four Champions League finals. Evra made his 100th UEFA Champions League appearance in a 1–0 home win over Manchester City on 25 November 2015, becoming the second French player to do so after Thierry Henry. Evra scored a goal in the last match of the 2015–16 Serie A season on 14 May 2016, in

title: 2016 UEFA Champions League Final

text: cleared off the line by goalkeeper Jan Oblak. Five minutes later, Dani Carvajal received the first yellow card of the match after a late tackle on Antoine Griezmann. In the 15th minute, Toni Kroos sent a free-kick into Atlético's penalty box, which was flicked on by Bale. In the subsequent scramble, Sergio Ramos touched the ball past Oblak to score for Real. The goal stood despite video evidence subsequently showing Ramos was in an offside position, meaning the goal should have been disallowed. In the 46th minute, Fernando Torres won a penalty kick for Atlético after a foul from behind

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: match and that, according to him, it was possible the concussion would affect the player's performance. Liverpool manager Jürgen Klopp lost his sixth of seven major finals, including Champions League and league cups. After the match, Loris Karius tearfully apologised to Liverpool supporters who remained in the stands and stated that his mistakes "lost the team the final". After the match, Karius received online death threats and hate messages directed at him and his family. 2018 UEFA Champions League Final The 2018 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, the 63rd season of

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: final, their first since 2007, after a 7–6 aggregate win against Italian side Roma. They have won the final on five occasions (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 2005), and have lost twice (1985 and 2007). This was also their 13th final in UEFA seasonal competitions, having played in one Cup Winners' Cup final (losing in 1966) and four UEFA Cup/Europa League finals (winning in 1973, 1976 and 2001; and losing in 2016). Liverpool were the first team since Bayern Munich in 2011–12 to reach the final having qualified for the competition through the play-off round. This was also the most

title: Karim Benzema

text: 2018, Benzema scored the first goal of the match in 2018 UEFA Champions League Final by intercepting Loris Karius's throw in a 3–1 victory over Liverpool, when Madrid won their third consecutive and 13th overall Champions League title. Benzema is a former France youth international having earned caps at all levels for which he was eligible, excluding the under-16 team. He is a member of the group, commonly known in France as the "Génération 1987", a youth class that produced current internationals Hatem Ben Arfa, Jérémy Ménez and Samir Nasri, alongside himself. Benzema was the last of the four to

title: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final

text: by 20 masked hooligans. On 7 May 2018, UEFA announced that Serbian Milorad Mažić would officiate the final. Mažić has been a FIFA referee since 2009, and gained UEFA's elite referee status in 2013. He was joined by his fellow countrymen, with Milovan Ristić and Dalibor Đurdević as assistant referees, Nenad Đokić and Danilo Grujić as additional assistant referees, and Nemanja Petrović as reserve assistant referee. The fourth official for the final was Frenchman Clément Turpin. The match began with Liverpool's kickoff and the team's successive attacks to counter Madrid's slower, possession-based buildup. In the 23rd minute, a low shot

title: 2009 UEFA Champions League Final

text: final through suspension: right back Dani Alves, who picked up his third yellow card of the tournament in Barcelona's semi-final second leg against Chelsea on 6 May 2009; and left back Éric Abidal, who was sent off in the same game for a professional foul on Nicolas Anelka. Defender Rafael Márquez also missed the match after he picked up a knee injury in the first leg of the semi-final, ruling him out for the rest of the season. Forward Thierry Henry and semi-final-winning midfielder Andrés Iniesta were also doubts for the final; Henry damaged his right posterior cruciate ligament in

title: FC Barcelona

text: 2016, Barcelona won their sixth La Liga title in eight seasons. The front three of Messi, Suárez and Neymar finished the season with 131 goals, breaking the record they had set the previous year for most goals by an attacking trio in a single season. On 8 March 2017, Barcelona made the largest comeback in Champions League history in the 2016-17 UEFA Champions League in second Leg, beating Paris Saint-Germain by a score of 6–1 (aggregate score 6–5), despite losing the first leg in France by a score of 4–0. On 29 May 2017, former player Ernesto Valverde was named

title: 2019 UEFA Champions League Final

text: García, who won the UEFA Champions League with Liverpool in 2005. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws, which will be held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> 2019 UEFA Champions League Final The 2019 UEFA Champions League Final will be the final match of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, the 64th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 27th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA

title: 2015 UEFA Champions League Final

text: with a 3–1 home win over PSG on 10 December. They initially fell behind to a goal by Zlatan Ibrahimović, but replied with a goal each from the South American forward line of Messi, Neymar and Suárez. In the last 16, Barcelona faced Manchester City, winners of the 2013–14 Premier League and Group E runners-up. In the first leg at the City of Manchester Stadium on 24 February 2015, Suárez scored twice in the first 30 minutes, and Sergio Agüero got a goal back for the hosts after the break. In the return game on 18 March, City goalkeeper limited

title: Dani Carvajal

text: last minute against FC Barcelona at the Nou Camp, he celebrated the goal by giving opposing fans the middle finger, but later apologised; after nearly one month on the sidelines, he returned to action just in time to start at the Champions League final on 3 June, which they won for the third time in four years. On 17 September 2017, Carvajal's contract was extended until 2022. Early in the following month, he was sidelined with a heart condition; he made eight appearances during that year's Champions League, and Madrid won their third consecutive and 13th overall title in the

title: 2017–18 Liverpool F.C. season

text: cruised to a 4–0 victory and, as a result, fourth place in the Premier League. Kiev's Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex hosted the Champions League final on 26 May against the two-time defending champions in Madrid. Liverpool suffered an early blow as Salah sustained what Klopp later specified as a serious injury to "either the collarbone or the shoulder" after just 30 minutes of play. Regardless, the score was 0–0 at the half but in the 51st minute, Karim Benzema pounced on a Karius roll-out of the ball and ultimately get a foot to direct the ball net-bound and give Madrid

title: 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final

text: UEFA Champions League and 2016 UEFA Super Cup. With his final hat-trick, Cristiano Ronaldo was named the man of the match. He also finished as the tournament's top scorer, with four goals. Additionally, he was awarded the adidas Golden Ball for best player of the tournament. Teammate Luka Modrić came in second, receiving the Silver Ball. Kashima midfielder Gaku Shibasaki came in third, and was given the Bronze Ball following his brace in the final. Kashima Antlers were also awarded the fair play award with the best fair play record during the tournament. Following the match, Real manager Zinedine Zidane

title: Ivan Rakitić

text: champions Manchester City in the round of 16 second leg at Camp Nou. On 6 June 2015, Rakitić scored the opening goal in a 3–1 win against Italian champions Juventus in the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final at Berlin's Olympiastadion. This made Barcelona the first club in history to win the treble of domestic league, domestic cup and European Cup twice. Rakitić, for the second year in a row, was included in the La Liga and European (Champions League) team of the season. On 11 August 2015, Rakitić played the full 120 minutes as Barcelona defeated his former club Sevilla

title: Luis Enrique (footballer)

text: the UEFA Champions League and, on 17 May, led it to its 23rd national championship with one match to spare following a 1–0 win at the Vicente Calderón Stadium against Atlético Madrid. On 6 June, having earlier won the domestic cup against Athletic Bilbao by the same score, Barcelona sealed a treble with a 3–1 win over Juventus F.C. in the Champions League Final in Berlin, and three days later he signed a new contract until 2017. On 11 August 2015, Barcelona won the UEFA Super Cup after a 5–4 win against Sevilla FC. On 2 December, against CF Villanovense

title: 2016 UEFA Champions League Final

title: 2016 UEFA Champions League Final

long_answer: The 2016 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, the 61st season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 24th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the San Siro stadium in Milan, Italy, on 28 May 2016, between Spanish teams Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid, in a repeat of the 2014 final. It was the second time in the tournament's history that both finalists were from the same city. Real Madrid won 5–3 on a penalty shoot-out after a 1–1 draw at the end of extra time, securing a record-extending 11th title in the competition.