question: how much is a 72 oz steak at the big texan

answers: $72

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: The Big Texan Steak Ranch The Big Texan Steak Ranch is a steakhouse restaurant and motel located in Amarillo, Texas, United States which opened on the previous U.S. Route 66 in the 4500 block of East Amarillo Boulevard in 1960. It relocated to its present location on Interstate 40 in 1970. Fire gutted the west wing of the restaurant in 1976 and destroyed $100,000 in antiques. The restaurant reopened as a larger facility in 1977. The building is painted a bright yellow, with blue trim. A large bull statue advertises their "free" 72 oz. steak (see below). The now-closed Texas

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: out of about 62,000 have accomplished this feat. According to the restaurant, when featured on the TV show "Man v. Food", the challenge started in 1960, when founder Bob Lee decided to hold a contest over which of the cowboys working in the stockyards could eat the most steaks in one hour, with a prize of $5 (over $41 when adjusted for inflation in 2017) at stake. One cowboy ate four and a half 1-pound steaks, a shrimp cocktail, baked potato, dinner roll, and a salad in the hour's time to win the $5. Lee was so impressed with the

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: other teams of competitors in the challenge, devouring two more meals in twenty minutes. The unofficial record (for all animals, including humans) was held by a 500-pound Siberian tiger who ate the steak in 90 seconds in 1999, until bested by a lioness in 2012 clocking in at 80 seconds. The Texas King meal is shown in the movie "Waking Up in Reno", with Billy Bob Thornton taking the challenge. It is also shown on the Travel Channel's "Man v. Food", where host Adam Richman completes the challenge and in "", where Bourdain declines to compete but his cameraman takes

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: part and fails. The Big Texan Steak Ranch is known for its Cadillac white stretch limos with longhorn hood ornaments, one of which appears in the 2006 animated film "Cars" as Texas oil baron Tex Dinoco. Becky Ransom and the Big Texan Steak Ranch ("free 72-ounce steak if consumed in 60 minutes") are acknowledged in the film's credits. In the Season 3 episode of "King of the Hill" "And They Call It Bobby Love", the Steak Ranch was parodied with a similar restaurant called the "Panhandler Steakhouse." Bobby Hill accepts the challenge only to spite the girl that spurned his

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: affections (who was also a vegetarian). He completes the challenge but upon returning home subsequently vomits. Located adjacent to the restaurant on The Big Texan Steak Ranch property is the 54-unit Big Texan Motel. The cinder-block construction motel is designed to resemble a main street in an old west town, and features Texas-themed decor and a Texas-shaped pool. In 2004, a 20-stall stable was added behind the main motel building. The Big Texan Brewery started serving handcrafted beers on June 24, 2011. Brews include Honey Blonde Ale, Palo Duro Ale, Texas Red Amber Ale, Pecan Porter, Rattlesnake IPA, 1836 Chocolate

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: Bock Lager, FNW Limelite, Raspberry Wheat, and Whisky Barrel Stout. In 2013, viewers of Bob Phillips's "Texas Country Reporter" voted the Big Texan the "No. 1 Steakhouse in Texas". The second and third place designees are the Little Rhein Steak House (in Downtown San Antonio along the famous River Walk) and Perini's Ranch Steakhouse (in Buffalo Gap, south of Abilene in Taylor County). The Big Texan Steak Ranch The Big Texan Steak Ranch is a steakhouse restaurant and motel located in Amarillo, Texas, United States which opened on the previous U.S. Route 66 in the 4500 block of East Amarillo

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: seconds), breaking Frank Pastore's 1987 record (of 9 minutes 30 seconds, which stood for 21 years) on his March 24, 2008 visit. On May 26, 2014, he was bested by 125-pound competitive eater Molly Schuyler, who polished off the meal in just 4 minutes 58 seconds, and came back for seconds (14 minutes and 57 seconds for two meals). She did not, however, eat a third steak meal in the same hour. Schuyler returned on April 19, 2015 and would finish her first meal in 4 minutes 18 seconds, beating her own record by 40 seconds. She had defeated four

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: achievement that he declared, "Whoever eats that much again in my restaurant, he gets it for free." Those who take on the Texas King challenge are required to pay for the meal in advance and, if they are successful, their money is refunded. The steak is cooked to the participant's preference, and the challenge takes place at a table for six on a raised platform in the middle of the main dining room. The record for the shortest time to finish the entire Texas King meal had been held by competitive eating champion Joey Chestnut (at 8 minutes and 52

title: Amarillo, Texas

text: 1860s and 1870s. The on Bull Road holds a free-to-the-public cattle auction on Tuesdays. Now located on Interstate 40, The Big Texan Steak Ranch is famous by offering visitors a free 72 ounce (2 kg) beef steak if it (and its accompanying dinner) is eaten in under an hour. Globe-News Center for the Performing Arts, opened in 2006, houses the Amarillo Opera, Amarillo Symphony, and Lone Star Ballet concerts. The facility, located just across the Amarillo Civic Center, features a 1,300-seat auditorium. The Globe-News Center was built in hope by city officials and others that it will revitalize the downtown

title: Steak

text: $62,286 per year as of 2007. Beef steaks are commonly grilled or occasionally fried. Grilled beef steaks can be cooked at different temperatures, or for different lengths of time; the resulting cooked steak ranges from blue (very rare) to overdone. The most common characteristics of a rare steak is a soft, cold, red center. The outside is seared for flavor, while the inside is cooked to suit the diner's preference. Steaks cooked well-done are usually cooked throughout the entire cut of meat. For example, a beefsteak cooked well-done will not have any pinkness in the middle when sliced. Uncooked beef

title: Molly Schuyler

text: a few weeks later, and in January 2013 she did so a third time. In early 2014, Schuyler broke the steak eating world record, having eaten it in 2 minutes and 44 seconds at Sayler's Old Country Kitchen in Portland, Oregon. The prior record at that restaurant was 12 minutes and 53 seconds. The prior world record was 6 minutes 38 seconds. Schuyler holds a similar May 2014 record at Amarillo's Big Texan Steak Ranch, polishing off a steak with side dishes in 4 minutes 58 seconds and returning for seconds (14 minutes 57 seconds for both meals). She did

title: Beefsteak

text: Beefsteak A beef steak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g). Beef steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled. The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole. Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized ("cf." cube steak). In Australia, beef steak is referred to as just 'steak' and can

title: To Sirloin with Love

text: the grill, but Hank assures him that he will be grilling his whole life. Bobby and Hank agree, with a mutual 'Yup', and continue grilling. While grilling, a total of 13 people invite themselves to the Hill's residence. In preparation of the unexpected guests, the Hills buy a total of $346.40 worth of steak from Megalo Mart. The episode fades with a camera pan over Arlen, bookending the beginning of the pilot episode, which opened on a pan down of the town, and Bill opening with a 'Yup'. The episode was written by Jim Dauterive, Tony Gama-Lobo, Rebecca May, and

title: Molly Schuyler

text: In January 2015, at Wing Bowl 23 in Philadelphia she ate 440 chicken wings, a new women's record, in 26 minutes, but was beaten by Chicago's Patrick Bertoletti, who ate a record 444. In March 2015, she set a world record by eating a four-pound sandwich and one pound of tater tots in 2 minutes and 55 seconds. That same month she established another world record by eating five pounds of bacon in 5 minutes and 2.1 seconds. In April 2015, she returned to Big Texan Steak Ranch and ate three 72-oz. steak dinners in 20 minutes. She completed the

title: Beefsteak

text: referred to as "black and blue" (black or "sooty" on the outside, and blue rare on the inside). Several other foods are called "steak" without actually being steaks: Beefsteak A beef steak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g). Beef steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled. The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole. Less tender cuts from

title: Texas Steakhouse & Saloon

text: live mesquite grills. The Texas Steakhouse menu also includes burgers, salads and classic southern-style foods such as chicken fried chicken. All Texas Steakhouse steaks are USDA Choice grade and aged for a minimum of 21 days. Texas Steakhouse & Saloon is an active supporter of the US Military, offering 10% discounts for all active duty and retired military. One dollar of every purchase of its Grandma's Shortcake dessert is given to the Wounded Warrior Project. Texas Steakhouse & Saloon provides some coupons or small gifts as rewards for customers who would like to share their valuable feedback through Texas Steakhouse

title: Lone Star Steakhouse & Saloon

text: were down to 64 locations. As of October 2018 the company website lists 3 locations 2 in Illinois and 1 in North Carolina and 1 in Guam. Curiously, none of the Texas-themed restaurants can be found in the state of Texas, from which the restaurant's name is derived. On August 18, 2006, Lone Star Steakhouse signed an agreement to be acquired by Lone Star Funds, an unaffiliated, Dallas-based private equity firm, for $27.10 per share in cash. This initial agreement was opposed by some major shareholders. On November 11, 2006, Lone Star Funds raised its offer to $27.35 per share.

title: Hamburger

text: States. In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. "Gus" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a higher-quality hamburger and offered it as a "steakburger" to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois. This burger used a combination of ground meat from the strip portion of T-bone steak and sirloin steak in its preparation. Steak burgers are a primary menu item at Steak 'n Shake restaurants, and the company's registered trademarks included "original steakburger" and "famous for steakburgers". Steak 'n Shake's "Prime Steakburgers" are now made of choice grade brisket and chuck. Beef is typical, although other meats

title: Molina's Cantina

text: enchilada dinner was offered for 70 cents, corresponding to the numerical, pre-inflation prices of 1941 (In today's money, the 1941 taco would cost $ each, and the 1941 enchilada dinner would cost $ each). In 2012 Katharine Shilcutt of the "Houston Press" said that "there's a good chance that most Houstonians have their own favorite dishes" at Molina's. In 2017 the chain closed its location on Washington Avenue due to parking issues and rent increases. Molina's Cantina Molina's Cantina is a Tex-Mex restaurant chain in Houston, Texas. As of 2012, Molina's is the oldest still-operating Tex-Mex restaurant in Houston. Molina's

title: Texan cuisine

text: Texan cuisine Texan cuisine is the food associated with the U.S. state of Texas. Texas is a large state, and its cuisine has been influenced by a wide range of cultures, including Southern, German, British, African American, Cajun/Creole, Mexican, Native American, Asian, and to a lesser degree, Jewish and Italian. Tex-Mex refers to a style of cooking that combines traditional Norteño (northern) Mexican cuisine adapted to the tastes and kitchen techniques of Texans of Anglo- and European origins. Tex-Mex cooking differs from traditional Mexican cooking by using different proportions or types of ingredients, such as meats (like ground beef), melted

title: Chicken fried steak

text: fries and cream gravy. Either is then known as "finger steaks". Typically, in Texas and surrounding states, chicken fried steak is fried in a thick layer of oil in a pan and served with traditional peppered milk gravy. A similar dish is sometimes known as "country fried steak" in other parts of the United States, where it is subject to some regional variations. On rare occasions there is a brown gravy, and occasionally the meat is either pan-fried with little oil, or simmered in the gravy. In some areas, "country steak" may refer to Salisbury steak, a chopped or minced

title: Steak and Ale

text: cake, and spice cake. The restaurant also featured wine samples for only 25 cents. Restaurant pioneer Norman Brinker founded Steak and Ale in 1966 in Dallas. The chain, with its dimly lit dining rooms, billed itself as offering an upscale steak experience at lower prices. It was seen as a model for the casual-dining steakhouse chain, and many executives there went on to run other large chains. It remained an independent chain until 1976, when Pillsbury purchased it and folded it into its restaurant group with Burger King, Bennigan's, and other stores. At the time, the company had 113 locations

title: LongHorn Steakhouse

text: As of 2017, a new restaurant is being built in Riocentro El Dorado, the biggest shopping mall in Ecuador and one of the biggest in Latin America, located in the city of Guayaquil. LongHorn Steakhouse has a Western/Texan theme. Each location is decorated with oil paintings, photos, and selected Western memorabilia that support this theme. The restaurant is best known for serving various kinds of steak, including its "Flo's Filet". In addition to steak, the menu also includes ribs, chicken, salmon, lobster, shrimp, and salads. Appetizers include their "Texas Tonion" and "Wild West Shrimp"; and side dishes are also served.

title: LongHorn Steakhouse

text: The restaurant offers a full bar with draft and bottled beer, wine, and several signature margaritas. A lunch menu that includes soups, salads, sandwiches, and hamburgers is available. According to research conducted between May 2016 - May 2017, 37.5 percent of diners preferred their steak done medium, 25.8 percent medium-well, 22.5 percent medium-rare, 11.7 percent well done, and only 2.5 percent preferred their steak to be rare. LongHorn Steakhouse LongHorn Steakhouse is an American casual dining restaurant chain that is owned and operated by Darden Restaurants, Inc., headquartered in Orlando, Florida. As of 2016, LongHorn Steakhouse generated $1.6 billion in

title: Texas de Brazil

text: Texas de Brazil Texas de Brazil is a family owned churrascaria (Brazilian steakhouse) restaurant chain with locations both internationally and domestically. It debuted October 13, 1998 in Addison, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. The restaurant is a Brazilian-American “churrascaria,” or steakhouse that combines the cuisines of southern Brazil with Texan style meats. Customers turn a piece of paper green side up to get meat, or red side up to no longer receive meat. The meats at this restaurant consist of roasted and seasoned cuts of beef, pork, lamb, chicken and Brazilian sausage. The meats are cooked over an open flame

title: Texas Roadhouse

text: and seafood. Their main suppliers are JBS Swift and Smithfield Foods. The chain boasts several cooking championships across the country with their ribs and steaks. Everything on the menu is made from scratch, with the exception of children's menu items Kraft Macaroni & Cheese, applesauce, and hot dogs. This includes the salads and dressings (the only dressing not made from scratch is low-fat ranch), sauces and side dishes. Each store employs its own baker and butcher or meat cutter. Their steaks are hand-cut (with the exception of the Porterhouse steaks, which are cut off-site and vacuum-packed) and are never frozen.

title: Texan cuisine

text: is most commonly served with white bread, spicy sauces, pickles, sliced onion, and jalapeños; sides include pinto beans, potato or rice salad, and cabbage slaw. Common desserts served with barbecue are fruit cobbler, banana pudding, and pecan pie. The earliest claim to the invention of the hamburger was Fletcher Davis of Athens, Texas, who was claimed to have served it at his restaurant at a time when there were more cows than people in Texas. According to oral histories, in the 1880s, he opened a lunch counter in Athens and served a "burger" of fried ground beef patties with mustard

title: Ranch steak

text: Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a "boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: "Ranch steak". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not cooked beyond medium when using dry heat cooking methods. It is best when it is braised, however it

title: Ranch steak

text: is excellent when grilled, broiled, or pan-fried if it is marinated first and if it is not overcooked. Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a "boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: "Ranch steak". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch

text: The Big Texan is best known for its 72 ounce (4.5 pounds or 2.04 kg) steak, nicknamed "The Texas King." The steak is free to anyone who, in one hour or less, can eat the entire meal, consisting of the steak itself, a bread roll with butter, a baked potato, shrimp cocktail, and a salad; otherwise, the meal costs $72.  Those who have successfully consumed the Texas King meal have their names recorded and posted at the restaurant. As of February 2018, over 9,500 people out of about 62,000 have accomplished this feat.

title: The Big Texan Steak Ranch


question: who propounded the idea of basic education in india

answers: Mahatma Gandhi

title: Pabitra Kumar Sen

text: Bengal, Agricultural Research Center of University of Calcutta, Degree college under Vidyasagar University, High School, Basic and pre-basic schools under the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Some of the contributions Pabitra Kumar Sen Pabitra Kumar Sen (born 1906, Comilla, Bangladesh, died 1997 Calcutta) was the Khaira Professor of Agriculture, Calcutta University, and founder of the College of Agriculture at Calcutta University in the 1950s. Sen obtained his doctoral degree from the Imperial College in London, England in the 1920s and served as plant physiologist and horticulturist under the British India government during the 1930s in Sabore, Bihar, India. He

title: Chitra Naik

text: Basic Education, New Delhi and chaired the Non-formal Education Committee of the Ministry of Human Resource Development. She was a member of the Planning Commission of India and attended to the responsibilities of the General education, Social welfare and Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe as the expert member of the commission for the Ninth Five Year Plan (1997–2002). She was a member of the Working Group on Adult Education (1978–83) under the Ministry of Human Resource Development and a permanent member of the "CABE Committee on Decentralised Management of Education" (1993) set up by the Central Advisory Board of Education She served

title: Amrit Kaur

text: inception that there should be free and compulsory education. Again, as far as proper facilities for the female education are concerned until such time as universal, free and compulsory primary education as well as an adequate supply of infant and girls’ schools equipped with trained women teachers are introduced, we must continue to do our utmost to have the system of education in our existing institutions changed." Amrit Kaur Rajkumari Amrit Kaur DStJ (2 February 1889 – 6 February 1964) was the first health minister of India and served for ten years in the capacity. She was an eminent Gandhian,

title: Bal Gangadhar Tilak

text: He stated: "Religion and practical life are not different.The real spirit is to make the country your family instead of working only for your own. The step beyond is to serve humanity and the next step is to serve God." Inspired by Vishnushastri Chiplunkar, he co-founded the New English school for secondary education in 1880 with a few of his college friends, including Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, Mahadev Ballal Namjoshi. and Vishnushastri Chiplunkar. Their goal was to improve the quality of education for India's youth.The success of the school led them to set up the Deccan Education Society in 1884 to

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: of Malcolm and Elizabeth Adiseshiah Trust (MEAT) for conducting programmes in the broad area of economics – teaching and research, both fundamental and applied. In 1993 and 1994, UNESCO PROSPECTS: Quarterly review of comparative education published a series of profiles of 100 famous educators from around of the world. In the company of illustrious intellectuals like Aristotle, Confucius, Freud, Gramsci, Locke, Plato, and Rousseu, the list includes seven Indians. They are: Malcolm Adiseshiah; Sri Aurobindo; Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi; Jiddu Krishnamurti; J.P. Naik; Rabindranath Tagore and Vivekananda. These articles have subsequently been collected and published under the title “Thinkers on Education”

title: Nai Talim

text: by the central government expressed its opposition to Gandhi's vision of Basic Education on several grounds. The Nehru government's vision of an industrialized, centrally planned economy had no place for 'basic education' or self-supported schools, rather it reflected the "vision of a powerful and growing class of industrialists, their supporters in politics and intellectuals with high qualifications in different areas, including science and technology." A further detailed history of the attempts to implement basic education in India is given by Marjorie Sykes, The History of Nai Talim. Finally, as has been noted by Krishna Kumar, "the implementation of Gandhi’s plan

title: Female education

text: literacy rate for women increased from 0.2% in 1882 to 6% in 1947. In western India, Jyotiba Phule and his wife Savitri Bai became pioneers of female education when they started a school for girls in 1848 in Pune. In eastern India, apart from important contributions by eminent Indian social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune was also a pioneer in promoting women's education in 19th-century India. With participation of like-minded social reformers like Ramgopal Ghosh, Raja Dakshinaranjan Mukherjee and Pandit Madan Mohan Tarkalankar, he established Calcutta's (now Kolkata) first school for girls

title: Jugatram Dave

text: the Vedchhi Ashram founded the Gandhi Vidyapith and the Shanti Sena Vidyalaya. He argued that in independent India basic educational curriculum must not only be productive and schooling rooted in society but also that it should emphasise on national ideas and character formation. Dave was a noted Gujarati biographer who penned the biographies of several prominent leaders of the freedom struggle besides also writing children's literature. Some of his works include "Our Bapu", "Prahlad", a play for children, "Atma Rachana" on rural reconstruction and the autobiography "Mari Jivanakatha". He was awarded the Jamnalal Bajaj Award for "outstanding contribution in constructive

title: Bodhram Dubey

text: Movement and was an active member of Congress Party. He became the member of first congress ministry from 1937 to 1939. He was in charge of Education under the premiership of late Bishwanath Das till 4th Nov, 1939. His Ministry Introduced the basis system of Education as per the recommendation of Zakir Hussain Committee and the committee constituted by the central advisory board of education (CABE). This was meant to encourage the spirit of self-help in young children in Orissa. Under his tenure as an education minister, the number of students in primary school rose from 279924 to 2869201 and

title: Krishna Kumar (educationist)

text: went to school and college. His father was a lawyer and writer of books on law, and his mother was one of the pioneers of girls’ education in MP. He completed his higher education at the University of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh and the University of Toronto where he attained Ph.D. in educational theory. Krishna Kumar started his teaching career at Kirori Mal College of Delhi University in 1971. Around the same time, he also started writing about children’s education in Dinaman and came under the influence of its editor, Raghuvir Sahay, a major poet and writer of modern Hindi. Kumar’s

title: Abul Kalam Azad

text: system with free primary education and modern institutions of higher education. He is also credited with the establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology and the foundation of the University Grants Commission, an important institution to supervise and advance higher education throughout the country. National Education Day (India) an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year in India. He also worked for Hindu-Muslim unity

title: V. T. Patil

text: V. T. Patil V. T. Patil (born 31 July 1900 - death unknown) was an education reformer and politician who represented Kolhapur as a Member of Parliament in the 3rd Lok Sabha that sat between 1962 and 1967. His interest in development of education in Kolhapur — a town in Maharashtra, India — is reflected in the various institutions that he either founded or was involved in founding. Patil was born in Shigaon, Sangli district, Bombay Presidency, British India on 31 July 1900. He graduated from the University of Bombay with a degree in law and between 1930-1950 he had

title: Radha Charan Das

text: Radha Charan Das Radha Charan Das was the Professor of Education and Vice-Chancellor of Berhampur University. He is the author of the book "Educational Technology: A Basic Text". He was Professor and Head of the Department of Teacher Education at the National Council of Educational Research and Training from 1974 to 1984. From 1980 to 1983, he also held additional charge as Principal of the Centre for Educational Technology(CET) under National Council of Educational Research and Training during which educational television programmes were first produced in four languages and transmitted through the satellite INSAT 1A to four states in India.

title: Modified Scheme of Elementary education 1953

text: Naidu, the former Director of Public Instruction, Madras, and the then Director of Public Instruction, Andhra Pradesh, as the Member Secretary. The Parulekar committee submitted its report on 23 November 1953. It found the scheme to be sound and endorsed the Government's position. It made additional recommendations including extending the scheme to rural areas, opening as many as 4000 new schools, revising the existing curriculum, providing training and remuneration to the craftsmen involved. The opposition campaign was successful in creating doubts about the scheme in the minds of the general public. There was dissent within the Congress party and Kamaraj

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: manner that enables the learners also to be able to make things with their own hands and learn skills that would make them self-supporting. This method of education was also adopted in some areas in Egypt. (See Reginald Reynolds, Beware of Africans). Zakir Husain was inspired by some European educationists and was able, with Gandhi's support, to dovetail this approach to the one favoured by the Basic Education method introduced by the Indian freedom movement. They believed that the education system, economy and social justice model for a future nation should be designed to suit the specific local requirements. While

title: Mushtaq Ahmed Azmi

text: number of studies and wrote books and technical documents, which are used by experts and activists in the field of adult education. He developed control, monitoring and evaluation systems for national literacy programs such as Total Literacy Campaigns (TLC) and Post Literacy Programs (PLP), and was an advocate of lifelong learning. Azmi was born in the village of Rajapur Sikror, Saraimeer Azamgarh district, Uttar Pradesh. His early education was in Burma. After separation of Burma from India in 1935 he came to India and enrolled at Jubilee College in Lucknow. He completed a graduate programme from Aligarh Muslim University and

title: Parshuram Mishra

text: was made the first vice chancellor. The Government of India honoured him in 1960, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his services to the nation. Dr. P. M. Institute of Advanced Study in Education, an institution started in 1988 for advanced studies in education is named after him. Parshuram Mishra Parshuram Mishra (24 January 1894 – 4 August 1981) was an Indian botanist, educationist and the first vice chancellor of the Sambalpur University. He completed his college studies at the University of Calcutta in 1961 and secured a doctoral degree (PhD) from the

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: of the curricula for primary and secondary education, vocationalisation, preparation of teaching material, introduction of science and technology at appropriate levels, preparation of syllabi for collegiate education, examination reform, giving a new thrust to the quality, content, direction and methodology of social science research, compilation and analysis of educational data and financing of education. He was instrumental in the setting up of the Asian Social Science Research Council, New Delhi and was its first President. He was a member of the Central Advisory Board of Education, the Indian National Commission for Co-operation with UNESCO, the Indian Council of Social Science

title: Fundamental rights in India

text: coming into force. Making elementary education an entitlement for children in the 6–14 age group, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act will directly benefit children who do not go to school at present. This act provides for appointment of teachers with the requisite entry and academic qualifications. The former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh announced the operationalisation of the Act. Children, who had either dropped out of schools or never been to any educational institution, will get elementary education as it will be binding on the part of the local and State governments to ensure that

title: Progressive education

text: outcry against No Child Left Behind testing and teaching to the test has brought progressive education again into the limelight. Despite the variations that still exist among the progressive programs throughout the country, most progressive schools today are vitalized by these common practices: Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) was one of the most effective practitioners of the concept of progressive education. He expanded Santiniketan, which is a small town near Bolpur in the Birbhum district of West Bengal, India, approximately 160 km north of Kolkata. He de-emphasized textbook learning in favor of varied learning resources from nature. The emphasis here was on

title: Banga Mahila Vidyalaya

text: Mary Carpenter on her third visit to India, a more ambitious scheme to train women for higher education was adopted with the establishment in 1876 of Banga Mahila Vidyalaya . The focus of conflict between the conservatives and progressives initially centred on one view that female education as preparatory for marriage and the other view that women should be educated on the same basis and to same levels as men. David Kopf writes, "Miss Akroyd played a leading part in this debate, sarcastically distinguishing Keshub, the rhetorician of women’s liberation in England from Keshub, the typical Hindu male keeping knowledge

title: Frederick William Savidge

text: Savidge was single-handedly responsible for introducing quality education in Mizoram (now the second highest in literacy rate in India). He is deservedly known as the Father of Mizo Education. Frederick William Savidge was born in 1862 in Stretham, a small village in Cambridgeshire. His family belonged to Baptist Church. He had BA and PhD degrees. He worked as schoolmaster in London, where he met his future missionary partner J. H. Lorrain. The two became friends through their congregation at the Highgate Road Baptist Church in London. In 1891 he accepted the missionary post offered by the Arthington Aborigines Mission to

title: Hari Raoji Chiplunkar

text: Hari Raoji Chiplunkar Rao Bahadur Hari Raoji Chiplunkar (1842-1896) Honorary Magistrate and President of the Landlord's Association in Pune, was a reformer, activist, and philanthropist, and close friend of intellectual and reformer, and founder of Satyashodhak Samaj, Jyotirao Phule. A prominent figure in the social and intellectual circles of Maharashtra, primarily Pune, Chiplunkar donated his land and funds, enabling Savitri and Jyotirao Phule to start the first girls schools in India in 1851 on Chiplunkar's estate, including donating a building for the primary education of lower caste children in 1864, currently operating as the Bholagir School, Municipal School No. 4.

title: Amethi

text: Rahul Gandhi’s attention to education is rooted in his firm belief that a good education is the foundation of development in any society. For the progress of any region and upward mobility of its people, education is a prerequisite. Member of Parliament, Rahul Gandhi's focus has been to provide quality education to every student in his constituency by prioritising investments in a robust network of primary education and establishing world class institutes. He has transformed the face of education in Amethi, setting up five institutes of higher and specialised education. The former prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru's grandsons Sanjay and Rajiv

title: Chief Ministership of Rajagopalachari

text: the confidence motion. The Modified Scheme of Elementary Education or New Scheme of Elementary Education or Madras Scheme of Elementary Education called by its critics as Kula Kalvi Thittam (Hereditary Education Policy), was an abortive attempt at education reform introduced by the Indian National Congress Government of the Madras State, led by C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) in 1953. The scheme proposed the introduction of two shifts or sessions in elementary schools. In one session regular teaching would be done and during the second session, the students would be sent home to learn the occupations of their parents or attached to a

title: William Carey (missionary)

text: women being completely unschooled. Carey started Sunday Schools in which children learned to read using the Bible as their textbook. In 1794 Carey opened, at his own cost, what is considered the first primary school in all of India. The public school system that Carey initiated expanded to include girls in an era when the education of the female was considered unthinkable. Carey’s work is considered to have provided the starting point of what blossomed in to the Christian Vernacular Education Society providing English medium education across India. Carey has at least nine schools named after him: William Carey Christian

title: Krishna Kumar (educationist)

text: he writes essays and short stories in Hindi, and has also written for children. He has taught at the Central Institute of Education, University of Delhi, from 1981 to 2016. He was also the Dean and Head of the institution. From 2004 to 2010, he was Director of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), an apex organization for curricular reforms in India. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the President of India in 2011. Born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, in 1951, Krishna Kumar grew up in Tikamgarh, a district town in Madhya Pradesh (MP) where he

title: Rakesh Popli

text: from 1984 to 1988. In 1986, following in the footsteps of the early followers of Swami Vivekananda, some young educationists began to work with tribal people who lived in the dense forests of Jharkhand. Sri Bhao Rao Devras had outlined the concept of One Teacher Schools in 1986. Rakesh Popli and his wife Rama Popli, an expert in child education, then refined the concept. He wrote the syllabus for the pioneering schools that were established among the tribes of Gumla, about away from BIT Mesra. Sponsored by the India Development Service, a charity, in July/August 1986, Rakesh Popli visited about

title: Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya

text: 1911. The teachers working there Lt. Shri Nagesh Mahadev Kale, Lt. Shri Krushnaji Mahadev Barve, Lt. Shri Deshmukh, Lt. Shri Koranne and Lt. Shri Aaras, who were highly motivated, came together and decided to start an Independent School. During the period of 1911 King George V from England visited India. He was known for his calm nature and was extremely inclined towards education. During his visit, he announced the slogan ‘Educate and Agitate’. He encouraged people to open schools for spreading awareness of literacy. At times he even extended his help for this noble cause. Inspired by his efforts these

title: Basic education

text: The pedagogic goals of Basic Education by Mahatma Gandhi are general and complex pedagogic targets and conrete pedagogic targets.  The general targets are lifelong education, social education and integral education. The conrete pedagogic targets are craftwork, native language, co-education, the village community, hygiene - the Programme of safai - and reading and writing.

title: Basic education


question: when did korn's follow the leader come out

answers: August 18, 1998

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: said in an interview for a Michigan newspaper that the music is "indecent, vulgar, obscene, and intends to be insulting". She said this after giving a student a one-day suspension for wearing a shirt with Korn on it. "Follow the Leader" received generally positive reviews. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called it "an effective follow-up to their first two alt-metal landmarks." David Fricke of "Rolling Stone" wrote that Korn "have an ideal record for those long, black days when all you can do is say 'What the Fuck! What the Fuck! What the Fuck!' at bloody murder volume". Yahoo! Music

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: described Korn's work as having "shaped rap, metal, and punk into a sonic maelstrom that is brutal, aggressive - and reasonably musical". "The Daily News" said that "the band shovels chunky beats into an already complex sound..." Michael Mehle of "Rocky Mountain News" said, "For the uninitiated, the classic Korn sound comes rumbling out of the speakers on the first cut: It's On! grinds fuzzy guitars, thunderous beats, and shouts of gut-wrenching rage into an anthem for the alienated", and gave other positive remarks. The "Charlotte Observer" said the album was dark, but humble. A Zeeland high school assistant principal

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: Life", and "Freak on a Leash", both charted on more than three charts, and their music videos are considered to be the first music videos retired from MTV, most notably the MTV show "Total Request Live". The album generally received positive reviews by critics and sold around 14 million copies worldwide. Korn was praised by AllMusic saying the album is "an effective follow-up to their first two alt-metal landmarks.". The Family Values Tour promoted the album, along with its five singles. The song "Freak on a Leash" was nominated for nine MTV Video Music Awards, and won for the Best

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: Rock Video award, as well as Best Editing. The music video for "Freak on a Leash" won Best Short Form Music Video at the 2000 Grammy Awards. By early 1998, Korn returned to the studio to record "Follow the Leader". Even though Korn was impressed by the work Ross Robinson had done on their previous albums, they decided to work with Steve Thompson and Toby Wright. Robinson did however work with singer Jonathan Davis as a vocal coach for the album. Korn was shown making the video on KornTV. The reason they exposed themselves making the album was because they

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: concept that begun with bassist Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu and sketched by a friend of Jonathan Davis before being submitted to McFarlane. It marked the third straight Korn cover featuring children in a disturbing context, which Davis explained by saying that "Children are always scared when they're all happy and stuff. They're the most beautiful thing in the world, but when you see it in our artwork, the way we've placed it, it's just kinda fuckin' weird." The "Freak on a Leash" music video features animated segments by McFarlane featuring this cover art. "Follow the Leader" is recognized as Korn's mainstream

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: free with each purchase of the album. Band artists (at the time) featured on this CD included Kid Rock, Orgy, Powerman 5000 and Limp Bizkit. The album had five singles issued: "All in the Family", "Got the Life", "Freak on a Leash", "Children of the Korn", and "B.B.K." "Follow the Leader" is seventy minutes and eight seconds long. "AllMusic" said, "They write songs, but those wind up not being nearly as memorable as their lurching metallic hip-hop grind." "Entertainment Weekly" commented that "Follow the Leader" was Korn's "gimmick", while saying the album had "steely riffs" and "stomping beats". Tower Records

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: execration, and a confused sexual identity..." In a negative review, Robert Christgau of "The Village Voice" said that, although Korn "deny they're metal", they "nevertheless demonstrate that the essence of metal ... is self-obliterating volume and self-aggrandizing display." The album is featured in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". "Follow the Leader" peaked at number one on four charts, including the "Billboard" 200. "Follow the Leader" peaked at number five in the United Kingdom. The album received a 5× platinum certification in the United States, as well as a triple platinum in Australia and Canada. "Follow

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: the Leader" also received a gold certification in the Netherlands. The album's first charting single, "Got the Life", released on July 24, 1998, peaked at number fifteen on the Mainstream Rock Songs chart, and received a gold certification in Australia. The album's next charting single, "Freak on a Leash", released in February 1999, peaked at number six on the Alternative Songs chart, as well as number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100, and like "Got the Life", received a gold certification in Australia. "Freak on a Leash" was nominated for nine MTV Video Music Awards, and won for the

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: of alcohol, drugs, and women in the studio. Davis explained further, saying that while recording the vocals for "It's On", there were "people getting blowjobs right behind me, there was girls banging each other in front of me, people getting boned in the closet right behind me, it was the craziest shit I've ever seen in my life and I sang that song." According to Davis, he only agreed to begin tracking vocals when producer Toby Wright met his demands for an eight-ball (a one-eighth ounce of cocaine). The artwork for "Follow the Leader" was done by Todd McFarlane Entertainment,

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: more than thirty dollars. Korn toured with the band Limp Bizkit, as well as Ice Cube, Orgy, Incubus, and Rammstein. The tour was considered to be a major success, and promoted "Follow the Leader" to sales that were considered to have "skyrocketed". The album was also promoted through Concrete Marketing's Concrete Corner program with Jim Rose of Jim Rose Circus as the pitchman. The promotion saw 100,000 copies of a compilation CD featuring tracks of breakthrough artists approved by Korn, as well as a previously unreleased Korn track, being shrink-wrapped to the album at participating stores and given away for

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: critic Janiss Garza described the album as "intensely tortured and savage as ever", while noting that "in spite of all this distress and suffering, Korn does loosen up". "Entertainment Weekly" reviewer Jim Farber called it "a big load of dumb fun" and "also incredibly perverse, going to almost laughable lengths to mess with metal cliché", concluding that if "hardly innovative enough to rival the classics of metal, at least Korn's LP gives this once-stagnant style kernels of something new". Jon Pareles from "The New York Times" said the album was "choppy", describing Davis as "wrestling with self-hatred, violent impulses, parental

title: Korn

text: Marin himself). Korn launched a political campaign-style tour to promote the release of "Follow the Leader". The tour took the group, on a chartered jet, all over North America to help promote "Follow the Leader". They talked to fans and answered questions during special "fan conferences", which were organized at every stop along the tour route, and signed autographs. Jim Rose of the Jim Rose Circus hosted the entire "Kampaign" tour. The album was considered by band members a complete success, debuting at number one on the "Billboard" 200 with at least 268,000 copies sold in its first week of

title: Korn

text: Breakthrough Video, Best Direction, Best Special Effects, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, and Viewer's Choice. It eventually won two awards, one being for Best Rock Video and the other for Best Editing. "Freak on a Leash" failed to enter the "Billboard" Hot 100, although it did manage to peak at number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart. "Follow the Leader" is considered by members of Korn to be the band's most commercially–successful album, being certified five-times Platinum by the RIAA, and having sold almost ten million copies worldwide. In order to mark the 20th anniversary of

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: wanted to let their fans see what they were doing in the studio and behind the scenes. "Follow the Leader" features numerous guest vocalists, including Ice Cube on "Children of the Korn", Tre Hardson of The Pharcyde on "Cameltosis" and Limp Bizkit's Fred Durst on "All in the Family". The songs for the album were written and copyrighted in 1997, with the exception of "Children of the Korn", "All in the Family" and "Cameltosis", which are copyrighted from 1998. In a 2013 interview, the band revealed that they partied heavily during the production of "Follow the Leader", with massive amounts

title: David Silveria

text: say in a later post that he blamed the band's "cookie cutter" musical direction after "Follow the Leader" for his lack of interest from that point. On August 17, 2013 Silveria responded to the repeated misquoting of his post on Ray Luzier and Korn with "To be clear I am NOT talking bad about Ray. My posts have been about my work with Korn during our early years specifically during our first three records." Silveria has claimed that he could restore Korn's original sound, and says that he would like to have a discussion with the band about their early

title: Korn

text: a staple on "Total Request Live", two of which made it to retirement. "Issues" was described by Stephen Thomas Erlewine to be less hip hop-oriented than "Follow the Leader". It was certified three-times Platinum, following up the success of "Follow the Leader". On June 11, 2002, Korn re-emerged into the media with their fifth album, "Untouchables". It debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200 with 434,000 in sales. The band has blamed music piracy for the drop in sales, as an unmastered version of the album had leaked three months prior to its official release date. On April 2,

title: Freak on a Leash

text: Freak on a Leash "Freak on a Leash" is a song by the American nu metal band Korn, featured on the group's 1998 studio album, "Follow the Leader". Prior to the album's release, Korn had an instrumental section of the song, described as a "noisy guitar break." The section was taken out of the song after their fans requested it be taken out. After "Follow the Leader"s release, the song was released as a single on May 25, 1999, and since then, it has been re-released over ten times. The song uses dissonance, distortion, various guitar effects, and a heavy,

title: Freak on a Leash

text: and Valerie Faris. The music video contains a mixture of animation and live performance footage. Although it was expected to be released in January 1999, it was pushed back to February 1999. The video starts with an animated segment directed by McFarlane, where the children (including a cameo appearance of Korn as some of the children) playing hopscotch on a cliff the artist drew for the "Follow the Leader" cover are interrupted by a policeman. An accidentally-fired bullet from the policeman's gun breaks out of the animated world into the real world and wreaks much property damage (while narrowly avoiding

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: said the album "combines streamlined metal with ominous industrial touches and an undercurrent of hip-hop rhythm," and also said it was an "urban nightmare". The album is considered to be nu metal, but also spans other genres such as alternative metal and heavy metal. The album features 25 tracks, 12 of which last five seconds of silence, making the first 1 minute of the album all silent. The concept of the song "Justin" was about a boy with the same name dying of intestinal cancer. His last wish was to meet the members of Korn. "Winston-Salem Journal" writer Ed Bumgardner

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: with McFarlane and fellow Image Comics artists Greg Capullo (penciller) and Brian Haberlin (colorist) doing the album cover, and designer Brent Ashe handling the graphics work. According to drummer David Silveria, the band got interested in McFarlane after hearing that "Todd had actually referred to us as 'the Doors of the 90's'", leading to them recording a song for "Spawn", a film based on a comic book by McFarlane, and eventually approaching the artist to make an album cover for them. The cover art depicts a child hopscotching off a cliff and a gathering of kids waiting to follow, a

title: Korn

text: was released on July 14, 1997. The band gained more popularity after co-headlining the Lollapalooza music festival in 1997 with Tool. However, Korn was forced to stop touring after Shaffer was diagnosed with viral meningitis. A promotional disc was released in 1997 to promote both the band and the "Life Is Peachy" Tour featuring Incubus and The Urge, and included three live tracks. Prior to the release of 1998's "Follow the Leader", Gretchen Plewes, a Zeeland, Michigan high school assistant principal, said in an interview for a Michigan newspaper that Korn's music is "indecent, vulgar, obscene and intends to be

title: Freak on a Leash

text: aggressive style. The "Freak on a Leash" music video was released on February 5, 1999. Directed by Todd McFarlane in Los Angeles, California, the video explores both animations and live performances mixed together. As a result, the band released a music video that won three awards, and was retired from "Total Request Live". The single peaked at number six on the Alternative Songs chart, 10 on the Mainstream Rock Songs chart, and 24 on the UK Singles Chart. Following the release of "Follow the Leader", Korn promoted the studio album by headlining the Family Values Tour in 1998. The tour

title: Korn

text: parents and told them about it, and they thought I was lying and joking around. They never did shit about it. They didn't believe it was happening to their son... I don't really like to talk about that song. This is as much as I've ever talked about it..." "Kill You" was written about Davis's experiences as a child with his step mother. "Follow the Leader" marked the first album where the majority of the lyrics did not have origins relating to early occurrences, with songs like "Justin" and "Pretty" written about incidents occurring during adulthood. Bassist Reginald Arvizu plays

title: B.B.K. (song)

text: B.B.K. (song) "B.B.K." is a song written and recorded by American nu metal band Korn for their third studio album, "Follow the Leader". It was released as a promotional single in 1998. The song prominently features harsh guitar sounds with somewhat of an influence of industrial music coming through, and features scat vocals in the spots of the song where most traditional metal bands would have opted to implement a guitar solo. The song was frequently performed live during Korn's Family Values tour in 1998. They performed the song during their Follow the Leader tour in San Francisco, Hollywood, and

title: Korn

text: free to record companies and on request to members of the public. Their debut album, "Korn", was released in 1994, followed by "Life Is Peachy" in 1996. The band first experienced mainstream success with "Follow the Leader" (1998) and "Issues" (1999), both of which debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200. The band's mainstream success continued with "Untouchables" (2002), "Take a Look in the Mirror" (2003) and "See You on the Other Side" (2005). A compilation album, "Greatest Hits Vol. 1", was released in 2004, spanning a decade of singles and concluding the band's recording contract with Immortal Records

title: B.B.K. (song)

text: Las Vegas in September of 2018. https://www.setlist.fm/news/09-18/korn-20th-anniversary-of-follow-the-leader-at-the-palladium-concert-review-5bd6bb48 B.B.K. (song) "B.B.K." is a song written and recorded by American nu metal band Korn for their third studio album, "Follow the Leader". It was released as a promotional single in 1998. The song prominently features harsh guitar sounds with somewhat of an influence of industrial music coming through, and features scat vocals in the spots of the song where most traditional metal bands would have opted to implement a guitar solo. The song was frequently performed live during Korn's Family Values tour in 1998. They performed the song during their Follow the

title: Korn

text: the album the band partnered with Pleasures, a clothing company to release clothing merchandise dedicated to the album. On May 15, 2018, Korn announced the dates of special shows in order to mark the 20th anniversary of their album, Follow the Leader. The band's fourth album, "Issues", produced by Brendan O'Brien, was released on November 16, 1999, featuring cover art designed by Alfredo Carlos, who won a contest held for the fans by MTV. "Issues" was released during a week of many highly anticipated records. It debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200 with more at least 573,000 copies

title: MTV

text: of the boy bands that MTV was airing at the time. Meanwhile, some rock bands that were not receiving MTV support, such as Korn and Creed, continued to sell albums. Then, upon the release of Korn's rock/rap hybrid album "Follow the Leader", MTV began playing Korn's videos "Got the Life" and "Freak on a Leash". A band sponsored by Korn, Limp Bizkit, received airtime for its cover of George Michael's "Faith", which became a hit. Subsequently, MTV began airing more rap/rock hybrid acts, such as Limp Bizkit and Kid Rock. Some rock acts with more comical videos, such as Rob

title: Freak on a Leash

text: "Guitar Hero Live" in addition to appearing as downloadable content for "Rock Band 3". In a 2016 episode of "Adam Ruins Everything" titled Adam Ruins Animals, a cartoon dog says, "I'm a freak! On a leash!" Freak on a Leash "Freak on a Leash" is a song by the American nu metal band Korn, featured on the group's 1998 studio album, "Follow the Leader". Prior to the album's release, Korn had an instrumental section of the song, described as a "noisy guitar break." The section was taken out of the song after their fans requested it be taken out. After

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)

text: Follow the Leader is the third studio album by the American nu metal band Korn. The album was released on August 18, 1998, through Immortal/Epic.  This was their first album not produced by Ross Robinson. Instead, it was produced by Steve Thompson and Toby Wright.

title: Follow the Leader (Korn album)


question: when did new york stop using the electric chair

answers: 1963

answers: 1972

title: Electric chair

text: to early 1880s, the spread of arc lighting, a type of brilliant outdoor street lighting that required high voltages in the range of 3000-6000 volts, was followed by one story after another in newspapers about how the high voltages used were killing people, usually unwary linemen, a strange new phenomenon that seemed to instantaneously strike a victim dead without leaving a mark. One of these accidents, in Buffalo, New York, on August 7, 1881, led to the inception of the electric chair. That evening a drunken dock worker, looking for the thrill of a tingling sensation he had noticed before,

title: Harold P. Brown

text: of highly publicized deaths that year caused by alternating current. At the same time that Brown was campaigning against alternating current a New York state bill replacing hanging with electrocution was signed into law (June 4, 1888) and set to go into effect on January 1, 1889. A Buffalo, New York dentist named Alfred P. Southwick had been developing a method using a device similar to a dental chair, an execution device referred to as the electric chair. The law did not specify the type of current to use, or the means, so the New York Medico-Legal Society, an informal

title: Electric chair

text: that should be used and the New York Medico-Legal Society, an informal society composed of doctors and lawyers, was given the task of determining these factors. In September 1888, a committee was formed and recommended 3000 volts, although the type of electricity, direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC), was not determined, and since tests up to that point had been done on animals smaller than a human (dogs), some members were unsure that the lethality of AC had been conclusively proven. At this point the state's efforts to design the electric chair became intermixed with what has become to

title: Electric chair

text: protocol change, an initial eight-second application of current at 2,450 volts was administered, followed by a one-second pause, then a 22-second application at 480 volts. After a 20-second break, the cycle was repeated three more times.) In 1946, the electric chair failed to kill Willie Francis, who reportedly shrieked, "Take it off! Let me breathe!", after the current was applied. It turned out that the portable electric chair had been improperly set up by an intoxicated prison guard and inmate. A case was brought before the U.S. Supreme Court "(Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber)", with lawyers for the condemned

title: Electric chair

text: from then on would be called the "electric chair". After a series of botched hangings in the United States, there was mounting criticism of this form of capital punishment and the death penalty in general. In 1886, newly elected New York State governor David B. Hill set up a three-member death penalty commission, which was chaired by the human rights advocate and reformer Elbridge Thomas Gerry and included New York lawyer and politician Matthew Hale and Southwick, to investigate a more humane means of execution. The commission members surveyed the history of execution and sent out a fact-finding questionnaire to

title: Electrocution

text: volts) after 1880 led to many people dying from coming in contact with these high-voltage lines, a strange new phenomenon which seemed to kill instantaneously without leaving a mark on the victim. This would lead to execution by electricity in the electric chair in the late 1890s as an official method of capital punishment in the U.S. state of New York, thought to be a more humane alternative to hanging. After an 1881 death in Buffalo, New York caused by a high voltage arc lighting system, a local dentist named Alfred P. Southwick sought to develop this phenomenon into a

title: Electric chair

text: dogs trying to discern exactly how electricity killed a subject. In 1888, the Commission recommended electrocution using Southwick's electric chair idea with metal conductors attached to the condemned person's head and feet. They further recommended that executions be handled by the state instead of the individual counties with three electric chairs set up at Auburn, Clinton, and Sing Sing prisons. A bill following these recommendations passed the legislature and was signed by Governor Hill on June 4, 1888, set to go into effect on January 1, 1889. The bill itself contained no details on the type or amount of electricity

title: Capital punishment in New York

text: York lawyer and politician Matthew Hale, and Buffalo dentist and experimenter Alfred P. Southwick. Southwick had been developing an idea since the early 1880s of using electric current as a means of capital punishment after hearing about how relatively painlessly and quickly a drunken man died due to grabbing the energized parts on a generator. Southwick had published this proposal first in 1882 and, being a dentist accustomed to performing procedures on subjects in chairs, used the form of a chair in his designs, which became known as the "electric chair". The commission reviewed ancient and modern forms of execution

title: Electrocution

text: way to execute condemned criminals with him basing his device on form he knew well, a dental chair. The next nine years saw promotion by Southwick, the New York state Gerry commission (which included Southwick) recommending execution by electricity, a June 4, 1888 law making it the state form of execution on January 2, 1889, and a further state committee of doctors and lawyers to finalize the details of the method used. The adoption of the electric chair became mixed up in the "war of currents" between Thomas Edison's direct current system and industrialist George Westinghouse's alternating current system in

title: Electric chair

text: widely accepted for conducting judicial executions. Other countries appear to have contemplated using the method, sometimes for special reasons. The only country other than the United States to use the electric chair was the Philippines, although the method was discontinued after 1976. The United Kingdom considered replacing hanging with the electric chair (as well as considering the gas chamber, shooting, the guillotine and lethal injection) during the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment, the findings of which were published in 1953. The Commission concluded that the electric chair had no particular advantages over hanging, and so, the electric chair was not

title: War of the currents

text: Buffalo ASPCA, electrocuting hundreds of stray dogs, to come up with a method to euthanize animals via electricity. Southwick's 1882 and 1883 articles on how electrocution could be a replacement for hanging, using a restraint similar to a dental chair (an electric chair) caught the attention of New York State politicians who, following a series of botched hangings, were desperately seeking an alternative. An 1886 commission appointed by New York governor David B. Hill, which including Southwick, recommended in 1888 that executions be carried out by electricity using the electric chair. There were early indications that this new form of

title: Electric chair

text: rival, the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, a move that made sure that Westinghouse's equipment would be associated with the first execution. The electric chair was built by Edwin F. Davis, the first "state electrician" (executioner) for the State of New York. The first person in line to die under New York's new electrocution law was Joseph Chappleau, convicted for beating his neighbor to death with a sled stake, but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. The next person scheduled to be executed was William Kemmler, convicted of murdering his wife with a hatchet. An appeal on Kemmler's behalf was made

title: George Fell

text: by a foot operated bellows and procedure for the insertion and extraction of the tube down the patients trachea, using specially designed instruments. The late 1870s/early 1880s introduction of arc lighting systems (a new type of bright street light running from central generating stations producing 3000–6000 volts) was followed by the strange new phenomenon of people being killed (almost instantaneously) by the high voltages used. Buffalo dentist Alfred P. Southwick's exploration into this phenomenon would eventually lead to the invention of the electric chair. Early on he enlisted the help of Dr. George Fell, along with the head of the

title: Old Sparky

text: choose death by electrocution rather than death by lethal injection or if lethal injection is declared unconstitutional by a court. Prior to this legislated date, 163 deaths had occurred in Kentucky's electric chair. The last such execution by electric chair occurred on July 1, 1997, when convicted murderer Harold McQueen was executed in it. In 1887, New York State established a committee to determine a new, more humane system of execution to replace hanging. Alfred P. Southwick, a member of the committee, developed the idea of putting electric current through a device after hearing about how relatively painlessly and quickly

title: Electric chair

text: her sentence to life in a mental institution after a medical commission declared her insane. A second woman sentenced to death in 1895, Maria Barbella, was acquitted the next year. Martha M. Place became the first woman to receive the deadly current in the electric chair at Sing Sing Prison on March 20, 1899, for the murder of her 17-year-old stepdaughter, Ida Place. Leon Czolgosz was executed at the Auburn State Prison in New York on October 29, 1901 for the assassination of President William McKinley. In a botched electrocution at Sing Sing in 1903, Fred Van Wormer was electrocuted

title: Thomas Edison

text: AC as dangerous, and joined with self-styled New York anti-AC crusader Harold P. Brown in a propaganda campaign, aiding Brown in the public electrocution of animals with AC, and supported legislation to control and severely limit AC installations and voltages (to the point of making it an ineffective power delivery system) in what was now being referred to as a "battle of currents". The development of the electric chair was used in an attempt to portray AC as having a greater lethal potential than DC and smear Westinghouse at the same time via Edison colluding with Brown and Westinghouse's chief

title: George Fell

text: other cause of death, the effect electricity was having on the nervous system. Although Fell was opposed to capital punishment he assisted in the development of the electric chair since it was considered a more "humane" form of execution. He demonstrated his experiments and shared his findings on the effects of electrocution with the 1886–1888 New York State Gerry Commission, chaired by the human rights advocate and reformer Elbridge Thomas Gerry, during their investigation to find a more humane form of execution. The mode they finally chose, death via electrocution in the electric chair proposed by commission member Alfred P.

title: Electric chair

text: The entire execution took about eight minutes. George Westinghouse later commented that, "They would have done better using an axe", and a witnessing reporter claimed that it was "an awful spectacle, far worse than hanging". The electric chair was adopted by Ohio (1897), Massachusetts (1900), New Jersey (1906) and Virginia (1908), and soon became the prevalent method of execution in the United States, replacing hanging. Most of the states that currently use or have used the electric chair lie east of the Mississippi River. The electric chair remained the most prominent execution method until the mid-1980s when lethal injection became

title: Electric chair

text: to the New York Court of Appeals on the grounds that use of electricity as a means of execution constituted a cruel and unusual punishment and was thus contrary to the constitutions of the United States and the state of New York. On December 30, 1889, the writ of habeas corpus sworn out on Kemmler's behalf was denied by the court, with Judge Dwight writing in a lengthy ruling: We have no doubt that if the Legislature of this State should undertake to proscribe for any offense against its laws the punishment of burning at the stake, breaking at the

title: Electric chair

text: Brown's July 1888 public electrocution of dogs with AC at Columbia College, an attempt by Brown to prove AC was more deadly than DC. Technical assistance in these demonstrations was provided by Thomas Edison's West Orange laboratory and there grew to be some form of collusion between Edison Electric and Brown. Back at West Orange on December 5, 1888 Brown set up an experiment with members of the press, members of the Medico-Legal Society including Elbridge Gerry who was also chairman of the death penalty commission, and Thomas Edison looking on. Brown used alternating current for all of his tests

title: Electric chair

text: Electric chair Execution by electrocution, performed using an electric chair, is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and left ankle. This execution method, conceived in 1881 by a Buffalo, New York, dentist named Alfred P. Southwick, was developed throughout the 1880s as a "humane alternative" to hanging, and first used in 1890. This execution method has been used in the United States and, for a period of several decades, in the Philippines. Once the person was

title: Old Sparky

text: a drunken man died after touching exposed power lines. As Southwick was a dentist accustomed to performing procedures on sitting subjects, his electrical device appeared in the form of a chair. On June 4, 1888, Governor David B. Hill authorized the introduction of the electric chair. It was first used two years later when William Kemmler became the first person in the world to be executed by electricity at Auburn Prison, Auburn, New York on August 6, 1890. "Old Sparky" was first used at Sing Sing prison for a mass execution on July 7, 1891. The order of execution, which

title: Electric chair

text: in the same electric chair in Florida on January 24, 1989. The last person to be executed by electric chair without the choice of an alternative method was Lynda Lyon Block on May 10, 2002, in Alabama. The use of the electric chair has declined as legislators sought what they believed to be more humane methods of execution. Lethal injection became the most widely used method, aided by media reports of botched electrocutions in the early 1980s. The electric chair has been criticized because of several instances in which the subjects were killed only after being subjected to multiple electric

title: Electric chair

text: on animals larger than a human, including 4 calves and a lame horse, all dispatched with 750 volts of AC. Based on these results the Medico-Legal Society recommended the use of 1000-1500 volts of alternating current for executions and newspapers noted the AC used was half the voltage used in the power lines over the streets of American cities. Westinghouse criticized these test as a skewed self-serving demonstration designed to be a direct attack on alternating current and accused Brown of being in the employ of Edison. At the request of death penalty commission chairman Gerry, Medico-Legal Society members; electrotherapy

title: Electrocution

text: 1889 when noted anti-AC activist Harold P. Brown became a consultant to the committee. Brown pushed, with the assistance and sometimes collusion of Edison Electric and Westinghouse's chief AC rival, the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, for the successful adoption of alternating current to power the chair, an attempt to portray AC as a public menace and the "executioners current". In May 1889 the state of New York sentenced its first criminal, a street merchant named William Kemmler, to be executed in their new form of capital punishment. Tabloid newspapers, trying to describe this new form of electrical execution, started settling on

title: Electric chair

text: on August 6, 1890; the "state electrician" was Edwin F. Davis. The first 17-second passage of 1,000 volts AC of current through Kemmler caused unconsciousness, but failed to stop his heart and breathing. The attending physicians, Edward Charles Spitzka and Carlos F. MacDonald, came forward to examine Kemmler. After confirming Kemmler was still alive, Spitzka reportedly called out, "Have the current turned on again, quick, no delay." The generator needed time to re-charge, however. In the second attempt, Kemmler received a 2,000 volt AC shock. Blood vessels under the skin ruptured and bled, and the areas around the electrodes singed.

title: New York State Electrician

text: duration of the position's existence. New York did not prohibit the officeholder from performing executions for other states or for the federal government, and such arrangements were common, with the New York State Electrician being retained to conduct notable executions such as that of Lindbergh baby killer Richard Hauptmann by the State of New Jersey, Sacco and Vanzetti by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and the Rosenbergs by the United States. New York State Electrician New York State Electrician was a title given to the chief executioner of the State of New York during the use of the electric chair from

title: Electric chair

text: adopted for use in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom performed its last execution in 1964, and abolished capital punishment for murder the following year, thereby rendering any debate over method moot. A number of states still allow the condemned person to choose between electrocution and lethal injection. In all, fourteen inmates nationwide – seven in Virginia, three in South Carolina, three in Tennessee and one in Arkansas – have opted for electrocution over lethal injection. The most recent use of the chair was on December 6, 2018, when David Earl Miller was executed in Tennessee after he elected to

title: Old Sparky

text: been posted on the Website as a warning to all potentially dangerous criminals. Some Florida politicians vowed never to eliminate the electric chair despite the debate, but events rapidly changed after the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal from the Florida Supreme Court's split decision upholding electrocution. This action shocked some in Florida's leadership. The nation's high court had declined to review appeals after the prior three malfunctions, so observers concluded that the nation's high court now had come to view Florida's death penalty problems more dimly. Partly on the advice of Attorney General Butterworth, Florida's Governor Jeb

title: Capital punishment in New York

text: Capital punishment is not in force in the State of New York. The last execution took place in 1963, when Eddie Mays was electrocuted at Sing Sing Prison. The state was the first to adopt the electric chair as a method of execution, which replaced hanging. Following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling declaring existing capital punishment statutes unconstitutional in Furman v. Georgia (1972), New York was without a death penalty until 1995, when then-Governor George Pataki signed a new statute into law, which provided for execution by lethal injection.

title: Capital punishment in New York


question: who played tibbs on in the heat of the night

answers: Howard Ellsworth Rollins Jr.

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: In the Heat of the Night (film) In the Heat of the Night is a 1967 American mystery drama film directed by Norman Jewison. It is based on John Ball's 1965 novel of the same name and tells the story of Virgil Tibbs, a black police detective from Philadelphia, who becomes involved in a murder investigation in a small town in Mississippi. It stars Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger, and was produced by Walter Mirisch. The screenplay was by Stirling Silliphant. The film won five Academy Awards, including the 1967 awards for Best Picture and Rod Steiger for Best Actor.

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: and tries to get Tibbs to make a confession. However, he is embarrassed to learn that Tibbs is a top homicide detective from Philadelphia. Gillespie phones Tibbs' chief, who confirms this and recommends that Tibbs should assist them. This idea does not appeal to Gillespie or Tibbs, but they reluctantly agree. Gillespie arrests another suspect, but Tibbs clears him. The victim's widow is frustrated by the ineptitude of the local police and impressed by Tibbs. She threatens to stop the construction of the factory unless Tibbs leads the investigation. Despite the rocky start, the two policemen begin to respect each

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: other as they are forced to work together. Tibbs initially suspects plantation owner Endicott, a racist who publicly opposes the new factory. When Tibbs attempts to interrogate Endicott, Endicott slaps him in the face and Tibbs slaps him back. Endicott sends a gang of hooligans after Tibbs. Gillespie rescues him from the fight and tells him to leave town for his safety, but Tibbs is convinced he can solve the case. He examines Colbert's body and suggests the murder happened earlier than initially thought. He examines Colbert's car and deduces that Colbert was murdered elsewhere and the culprit moved the

title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: the beginning of the seventh season, Tibbs takes a leave of absence, moving to Jackson, Mississippi, to complete his law degree on a compressed schedule. Upon his return to Sparta, he and his wife Althea have separated, and they later divorce. She moves back to Philadelphia with their twins to be near her parents. Through the hard work of Sparta Councilwoman Harriet Delong, Tibbs is able to retire and keep his city pension, although he was two months shy of the qualifying period. He begins practicing law when he accepts a position in Ben Taylor's law office. Rollins' final appearance

title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: In the Heat of the Night (TV series) In the Heat of the Night is an American drama television series based on the 1967 film and the 1965 novel of the same title. It starred Carroll O'Connor as police chief William Gillespie and Howard Rollins as police detective Virgil Tibbs, and was broadcast on NBC from March 6, 1988 until May 19, 1992, then on CBS from October 28, 1992 until May 16, 1995. Its executive producers were Fred Silverman, Juanita Bartlett and O'Connor. In the premiere episode, Philadelphia detective Virgil Tibbs has returned to his fictional home town of

title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: of the cast members had homes in the area and were often spotted in local restaurants and retail stores. The cast members would also go around to local schools to speak to students. The theme song, "In the Heat of the Night," was recorded by Quincy Jones, and is usually paired with "They Call Me Mr. Tibbs" on albums. Bill Champlin of the band Chicago sang the opening theme song for the television series. Randall Franks and Alan Autry co-produced the cast CD "Christmas Time's A Comin'" for Sonlite and MGM/UA featuring the entire cast and a host of music

title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: "Hello in There", "December Days", and "An Angry Woman". MGM worked around his rehab schedule. Episodes were not necessarily aired in the order they were filmed, which explains why Tibbs was present one week and not the next. To explain his absence, he was said to be in New Orleans working for the FBI. He considered committing suicide shortly before Christmas 1989, prompting his stay in rehab. Carroll O'Connor threatened to sue a tabloid which published a story saying that MGM and Carroll had fired Rollins for being absent from the set due to his problems. Denise Nicholas, who played

title: In the Heat of the Night (novel)

text: In the Heat of the Night (novel) In the Heat of the Night is a 1965 novel by John Ball set in the community of Wells, South Carolina. The main character is a black police detective named Virgil Tibbs passing through the small town during a time of bigotry and the civil rights movement. The novel is the basis of the 1967 award-winning film of the same name, directed by Norman Jewison and starring Sidney Poitier, as well as a subsequent television series. Ball would feature Tibbs in the subsequent novels "The Cool Cottontail" (1966), "Johnny Get Your Gun" (1969),

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: get revenge. Tibbs reveals that the murder was committed at the site of the planned factory and clears Wood. He also admits that he knew why Wood had changed his route: Delores is an exhibitionist and Wood has been spying on her. Tibbs visits a backstreet abortionist, who reveals that someone paid for Delores to have an abortion. When Delores arrives, Tibbs follows her outside and is confronted by the murderer, Ralph. Purdy's mob tracks down Tibbs and holds him at gunpoint; he responds by proving that Ralph got Delores pregnant. Ralph shoots Purdy dead before Tibbs disarms him. Ralph

title: Virgil Tibbs

text: Virgil Tibbs Virgil Tibbs is one of the two fictional main characters in John Ball's 1965 novel "In the Heat of the Night". He is also the protagonist in six sequels to that novel. On screen, Tibbs is the protagonist in the Oscar-winning 1967 film "In the Heat of the Night" and in its sequels, "They Call Me Mister Tibbs!" (1970) and "The Organization" (1971). He is also portrayed in the 1988-1995 television series. In the novels, Tibbs works for the police force of Pasadena, California. In the films, portrayed by Academy Award winner Sidney Poitier, he first works in

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: Poitier occasionally went to the Capitol Theatre in New York to amuse themselves seeing how many black and white audience members there were, which could be immediately ascertained by listening to the former cheering Tibbs's retaliatory slap and the latter whispering "Oh!" in astonishment. Then-freshman critic Roger Ebert in 1967 gave "In the Heat of the Night" a positive review and placed it at number ten on his top ten list of 1967 films. AD Murphy of "Variety magazine" felt it was a good but uneven film. The film currently holds a 96% "Certified Fresh" rating on the review aggregate

title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: stars and it was released Christmas 1991 and 1992 and was among the top holiday recordings of those years around the South and Midwest. In the Heat of the Night (TV series) In the Heat of the Night is an American drama television series based on the 1967 film and the 1965 novel of the same title. It starred Carroll O'Connor as police chief William Gillespie and Howard Rollins as police detective Virgil Tibbs, and was broadcast on NBC from March 6, 1988 until May 19, 1992, then on CBS from October 28, 1992 until May 16, 1995. Its executive

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: surprised and perhaps shocked audiences at the time occurs when Tibbs is slapped by Endicott. Tibbs responds by slapping him back. In a San Francisco pre-screening, Jewison was concerned when the young audience was laughing at the film as if it were a comedy. The audience's stunned reaction to the slapping scene convinced Jewison that the film was effective as drama. That scene helped make the film so popular for audiences, finally seeing the top black film actor physically strike back against bigotry, that the film earned the nickname, "Super-spade Versus the Rednecks". During the film's initial run, Steiger and

title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: Tibbs and assists on three of the Sparta PD's cases after having moved into Ben Taylor's law office. Other cases involve a friend of Bubba Skinner's being given the AIDS virus from a lover who knew he had it, a nine-year-old little girl being killed because of a drunk driver (Hagman-directed), a young inter-racial couple being stalked by a white supremacist (Brent Lunay), first seen in the episode "Odessa", written by Denise Nicholas. Other cases include Parker's being accused of police brutality, and the return of Daddy Roy and Miz Rhoda. Both Anne Meara and Jerry Stiller make special guest

title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: Sparta, Mississippi, for his mother's funeral. By virtue of his relationship with William Gillespie, the white police chief, fostered during a previous murder investigation in which he assisted, Tibbs is persuaded to remain in Sparta as chief of detectives. Gillespie wants him to be part of his effort to help overcome the local squad's reputation of being racist and underskilled. Although the team suffers friction over Tibbs' dissatisfaction with the department's limited resources and racial attitudes, and Gillespie is annoyed at the detective's condescending suspicions about his home town, the two men prove highly effective in enforcing the law. At

title: Sweet, Sweet Blues

text: Sweet, Sweet Blues "Sweet, Sweet Blues" is an award winning episode of the NBC drama series "In the Heat of the Night", starring Carroll O'Connor as Chief Bill Gillespie and Howard Rollins as Detective Virgil Tibbs."In the Heat of the Night" was based on the 1965 novel by John Ball, which was also the basis for the Academy Award winning film of the same name starring Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier, directed by Norman Jewison. Directed by Vincent McEveety ("Firecreek") and written by William James Royce, the episode guest stars musician Bobby Short as bluesman Chester "Cat" Collins and actor

title: Gary Tibbs

text: Gary Tibbs Gary Tibbs (born Gary Brian Tibbs, 25 January 1958) is a bass guitarist and actor. He is best known as a member of Adam and the Ants and Roxy Music. He also appeared (playing the part of bass guitarist, Dave) in the film "Breaking Glass", alongside Hazel O'Connor. Tibbs was born in Northwood, London. He was a member of Adam and the Ants, and is mentioned by name in the lyrics of the band's UK top ten hit "Ant Rap". At various times he was a member of Zu Zu Sharks, Code Blue, Roxy Music, The Vibrators and

title: They Call Me Mister Tibbs!

text: Heat of the Night". It was followed by a third film called "The Organization" (1971). The film was the last appearance of veteran actor Juano Hernández, who died in July 1970, a few days after the film premiered. The film did not attract the same response as the series' 1967 debut, "In the Heat of the Night". The film has a 60% rating on Rotten Tomatoes as of June 2009. The film score was composed, arranged and conducted by Quincy Jones, and the soundtrack album was released on the United Artists label in 1970. Allmusic's Steven McDonald said ""They Call

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: body. Tibbs asks Wood to retrace his car patrol route on the night of the murder, and Gillespie joins them. When Tibbs notices that Wood has changed his route, Gillespie starts suspecting Wood, though Tibbs hints there is another reason. Gillespie discovers that Wood made a sizable deposit into his bank account the day after the murder while Purdy, a local, files charges against Wood for getting his 16-year-old sister Delores pregnant. Gillespie arrests Wood, despite Tibbs' protests, and Delores is interrogated. Purdy is offended that a black man was present at the interrogation, and he gathers a mob to

title: They Call Me Mister Tibbs!

text: the culprit. Sharpe confesses but requests Tibbs give him some time to complete his work on one last political issue. Told this wouldn't be possible, Sharpe takes his own life. Quincy Jones wrote the score, as he did with "In the Heat of the Night", although the tone of the music in both is markedly different. The previous film, owing to its setting, had a country and bluesy sound, whereas his work for this film was in the funk "milieu" that would become Jones' trademark in the early 1970s. The film's title was taken from Virgil's line in "In the

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: and Freeburg (Compton's diner), Illinois. The famous scene of Tibbs slapping Endicott is not present in the novel. According to Poitier, the scene was almost not in the movie. In the textbook "Civil Rights and Race Relations in the USA 1850-2009 (Access to History)," Poitier states: "I said, 'I'll tell you what, I'll make this movie for you if you give me your absolute guarantee when he slaps me I slap him right back and you guarantee that it will play in every version of this movie.' I try not to do things that are against nature." However, Poitier's version

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: is arrested and confesses to Colbert's murder: he robbed Colbert to fund Delores's abortion but accidentally killed him. The final scene shows Tibbs boarding a train bound for Philadelphia, as Gillespie respectfully bids him farewell. Jewison, Poitier, and Steiger worked together and got along well during the filming, but Jewison had problems with the Southern authorities, and Poitier had reservations about coming south of the Mason–Dixon Line for filming. However, despite their reservations, Jewison decided to film part of the film in Dyersburg and Union City, Tennessee, anyway while the rest was filmed in Sparta, Chester (Harvey Oberst chase scene),

title: John Ball (author)

text: John Ball (author) John Dudley Ball (July 8, 1911 – October 15, 1988) was an American writer best known for mystery novels involving the African-American police detective Virgil Tibbs. Tibbs was introduced in the 1965 novel "In the Heat of the Night", which won the Edgar Award for Best First Novel from the Mystery Writers of America and was made into an Oscar-winning film of the same name, starring Sidney Poitier and Rod Steiger. Ball was born in Schenectady, New York, grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and attended Carroll College in Waukesha, Wisconsin. He wrote for a number of magazines

title: William James Royce

text: William James Royce William James Royce is an American playwright/director, screenwriter, and novelist. Television William Royce began his television career writing for the NBC television series "In the Heat of the Night", starring Emmy Award winning actor Carroll O'Connor as Chief William O. Gillespie and Academy Award nominee Howard Rollins as Detective Virgil Tibbs. Royce wrote 22 episodes while serving as Executive Story Editor, a position he inherited from writer Matt Harris (Carroll O'Connor). In 1991, Royce wrote the screenplay, as well as the music and lyrics, for the award winning episode entitled, "Sweet, Sweet Blues", inspired by the real

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: you against the world. It's like going to war. Everybody is trying to tell you something different and they are always putting obstacles in your way." In one famous scene, Gillespie mocks the name 'Virgil' by saying "That's a funny name for a nigger boy that comes from Philadelphia! What do they call you up there?" An irritated Tibbs replies: "They call me Mr. Tibbs!" The line was later listed as number 16 on the American Film Institute's "100 Years...100 Movie Quotes", a list of top film quotes, and was also the title of the sequel. An iconic scene that

title: Gary Tibbs

text: The Fixx. He first played on The Fixx's 2003 album, "Want That Life". Tibbs also played on select tracks on Brian May’s 1993 solo album "Back to the Light". He also formed a band called Merrick and Tibbs with Chris Hughes (a.k.a. Merrick), just after leaving Adam & the Ants. They released a single in 1982 entitled "Call of the Wild". In February 2008, Tibbs left The Fixx upon the return of previous bassist, Dan K. Brown. Gary Tibbs Gary Tibbs (born Gary Brian Tibbs, 25 January 1958) is a bass guitarist and actor. He is best known as a

title: They Call Me Mister Tibbs!

text: They Call Me Mister Tibbs! They Call Me Mister Tibbs! is a 1970 American DeLuxe Color crime drama film directed by Gordon Douglas. The second installment in a trilogy, the release was preceded by "In the Heat of the Night" (1967) and followed by "The Organization" (1971). The film's title was taken from a line in the first film. Sidney Poitier reprised his role of police detective Virgil Tibbs, though in this sequel, Tibbs is working for the San Francisco Police rather than the Philadelphia Police (as in the original film) or the Pasadena Police (as in the novels). Detective

title: In the Heat of the Night (film)

text: film quotes. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In 1966, a wealthy industrialist named Phillip Colbert has moved from Chicago to Sparta, Mississippi to build a factory. One night, police officer Sam Wood discovers that Colbert has been murdered. Chief Gillespie leads the investigation. A doctor estimates that Colbert had been dead for a few hours. Wood finds a black man named Virgil Tibbs at the train station and arrests him. Gillespie quickly assumes that Tibbs is the culprit

title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

text: Sparta to rob the mill and former workplace of his employer where a cop was murdered during the attempt to apprehend the robbers. Vic Glendon is later convicted and sent to death row at Parchman Prison. Althea Tibbs witnesses the suicide of one of her students, Garth Watkins (played by Walton Goggins), causing her to suffer a near mental breakdown. Garth's girlfriend has long broken up with him and taken to older, married men, but Garth is still obsessed with her. Garth steals the boots and gun of his girlfriend's stepfather and travels to Pervis Lake and sits in wait

title: Howard Rollins

text: Howard Ellsworth Rollins Jr. (October 17, 1950 – December 8, 1996) was an American stage, film and television actor.  Howard Rollins was best known for his role as Andrew Young in 1978's King, George Haley in the 1979 miniseries Roots:The Next Generations, Coalhouse Walker Jr. in the 1981 film Ragtime, Captain Davenport in the 1984 film A Soldier's Story, and as Virgil Tibbs on the crime drama In the Heat of the Night.

title: Howard Rollins