question: who plays meredith quill in guardians of the galaxy 2

answers: Laura Jane Haddock

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: had "big broad jaw, chin, and most importantly the way the laugh lines move[d] and crease[d] as he talk[ed]", similar to Russell's. Laura Haddock, reprising her role from the first film of Meredith Quill in the sequence, was also slightly de-aged to play the younger version of that character. Luma worked on the Sovereign people and their world, and Adam Warlock's cocoon. By August 2014, Gunn had "some ideas listed, but nothing for sure" in terms of songs to include in Quill's "Awesome Mix Vol. 2" mixtape, for which he felt "a little pressure" due to the positive response to

title: Chris Pratt

text: play Peter Quill/Star-Lord in Marvel Studios' "Guardians of the Galaxy", explaining that he did not "want another Captain Kirk or "Avatar" moment" (after humbling auditions for both). The film's casting director, Sarah Finn, suggested Pratt to director James Gunn, who had struggled to cast that role and dismissed the idea. Despite this, Finn arranged for a meeting between the two, at which point Gunn was convinced that Pratt was perfect for the role. Pratt also won over Marvel Studios President Kevin Feige, despite having gained weight again for the comedy film "Delivery Man". The role was part of a multi-film

title: Chris Pratt

text: to value a guy who works with his hands". Pratt reprised his role as Peter Quill / Star-Lord in the "Guardians of the Galaxy" sequel "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", which was released in May 2017. The film focuses on Quill's and his team's search for his father. Pratt also portrayed the character in "", which was released in April 2018, and will reprise the role in "", which is set to be released on April 26, 2019. On April 21, 2017, Pratt received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his achievements in motion pictures, located

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: moved up to May 5, 2017. In the following months, Michael Rooker said he would return as Yondu, and was looking forward to exploring new areas of the character. Chris Pratt, who played Peter Quill/Star-Lord in the first film, confirmed the sequel would be one of his next projects. Bradley Cooper expressed interest and excitement when asked if he would return as Rocket. Vin Diesel also confirmed he would return as Groot. In March 2015, Gunn revealed that filming would take place in Atlanta, Georgia with "major crew changes" from the first film, and that his brother, Sean Gunn, would

title: Star-Lord

text: same name. He has been featured in a variety of associated Marvel merchandise, including animated television series, toys and trading cards. Chris Pratt portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe beginning with the 2014 live action film "Guardians of the Galaxy", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" and "". He will also reprise the role in "". Wyatt Oleff portrays a young Peter Quill in the first two "Guardians of the Galaxy" films. The character first appeared in the black-and-white magazine publication "Marvel Preview" #4 (Jan 1976). Creator Steve Englehart had plans for the character that went unrealized. He

text: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (soundtrack) Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2: Awesome Mix Vol. 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the Marvel Studios film "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2". Featuring the songs present on Peter Quill's mixtape in the film, the album was released by Hollywood Records on April 21, 2017. A separate film score album, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (Original Score), composed by Tyler Bates, was also released by Hollywood Records on the same date. "Awesome Mix Vol. 2" was the United States' eighth best-selling album of 2017 with 600,000

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: in comparison to Loki, and then we see Ronan wipe his ass with him. So that I liked, but even that was sort of difficult, because it played as funnier when I first wrote it, and the humor didn't work so much." In September 2012, Gunn confirmed that he had signed on to direct the film and rewrite the script. By the end of November, Joel Edgerton, Jack Huston, Jim Sturgess, and Eddie Redmayne signed deals to test for the role of Peter Quill, as did Lee Pace, which he confirmed a week later in early December. Other actors who

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: Quill / Star-Lord, and the supporting cast members were subsequently confirmed. Principal photography began in July 2013 at Shepperton Studios in England, with filming continuing in London before wrapping up in October 2013. Post-production was finished on July 7, 2014. The film premiered in Hollywood on July 21, 2014, and was released in theaters on August 1, 2014 in the United States in the 3D and IMAX 3D formats. The film became a critical and commercial success, grossing $773.3 million worldwide and becoming the highest-grossing superhero film of 2014, as well as the third-highest-grossing film of 2014. The film was

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: scene, Gunn promised Marvel he would use his social media presence to clarify for fans that the character would not be seen in either of the Avengers' films. After the film's announcement, Gunn said he knew "a lot of where I want to go [in the sequel]", having written the backstory of Peter Quill, his father, and his history with Yondu during the making of the first film with the intention of exploring them in a future film. Gunn wanted to give the sequel a different structure from the first film, since "one of the reasons people like "Guardians" is

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: Karen Gillan, Djimon Hounsou, John C. Reilly, Glenn Close, and Benicio del Toro. In "Guardians of the Galaxy", Peter Quill forms an uneasy alliance with a group of extraterrestrial criminals who are fleeing after stealing a powerful artifact. Perlman began working on the screenplay in 2009. Producer Kevin Feige first publicly mentioned "Guardians of the Galaxy" as a potential film in 2010 and Marvel Studios announced it was in active development at the San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2012. Gunn was hired to write and direct the film that September. In February 2013, Pratt was hired to play Peter

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: Other", from "The Avengers". Ophelia Lovibond plays Carina, the Collector's slave; Peter Serafinowicz plays Denarian Garthan Saal, a Nova Corps officer; Gregg Henry plays Quill's grandfather; Laura Haddock plays Quill's mother, Meredith; Melia Kreiling plays Bereet; Christopher Fairbank plays The Broker; Mikaela Hoover plays Nova Prime's assistant; Marama Corlett plays a pit boss at the bar, The Boot; Emmett J. Scanlan plays a Nova riot guard; Alexis Rodney plays Moloka Dar; Tom Proctor plays Horuz, a Ravager; and Spencer Wilding plays a prison guard who confiscates Quill's Walkman. Canine actor Fred appears as Cosmo. Stephen Blackehart had a supporting role.

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: Russell. In "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", the Guardians travel throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his mysterious parentage. The film was officially announced at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International before the theatrical release of the first film, along with Gunn's return from the first film, with the title of the sequel revealed a year later in June 2015. Principal photography began in February 2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, with many crew changes from the first film due to other commitments. Filming concluded in June 2016. Gunn chose to

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: of an ancient, unknown species. Quill finally opens the last present he received from his mother: a cassette tape filled with her favorite songs. The Guardians leave in the rebuilt "Milano" along with a sapling cut from Groot. In a post-credits scene, Tivan sits in his destroyed archive with two of his living exhibits: a canine cosmonaut and an anthropomorphic duck. Additionally, Josh Brolin appears, uncredited, as Thanos through voice acting and performance capture. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos during filming and portrays Kraglin, Yondu's first mate in the Ravagers. Alexis Denisof reprises his role as Thanos's vizier, "The

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (soundtrack)

text: something that is easily accessible to people at the same time. The music and the Earth stuff is one of those touchstones that we have to remind us that, yeah, [Quill] is a real person from planet Earth who's just like you and me. Except that he's in this big outer space adventure." All songs—with the exception of "Spirit in the Sky", which is played in the trailer—are featured in the film. "Never Been to Spain" by Three Dog Night, "Magic" by Pilot, and "Livin' Thing" by Electric Light Orchestra were also used during filming; however, the scenes in which

title: Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe

text: Cheo Hodari Coker wished to convey throughout the series. It is accompanied in the episode by a montage of "black men walking the streets in Cage’s signature 'bulletproof' hoodie". "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" features an original song in the film's credits. Co-written by the film's writer and director James Gunn and score composer Tyler Bates, it was "meant as a sort of "Guardians" take on Meco's disco "Star Wars" theme ["Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band"]." David Hasselhoff was chosen as the vocalist because he is one of Peter Quill's childhood heroes, and Gunn was a fan of Hasselhoff when

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: "It's striking the balance throughout the whole movie, through something that is very unique, but also something that is easily accessible to people at the same time. The music and the Earth stuff is one of those touchstones that we have to remind us that, yeah, [Quill] is a real person from planet Earth who's just like you and me. Except that he's in this big outer space adventure." When choosing the songs, Gunn revealed he "started the process by reading the "Billboard" charts for all of the top hits of the '70s", downloading "a few hundred" songs that were

text: copies. By August 2014, "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" writer and director James Gunn had "some ideas listed, but nothing for sure" in terms of songs to include in Quill's "Awesome Mix Vol. 2" mixtape. In April 2015, Gunn said he felt "a little pressure for the soundtrack because so many people loved <nowiki>[</nowiki>the first film's soundtrack<nowiki>]</nowiki> and we went platinum and all that other stuff. But I feel like the soundtrack in the second one is better." In June 2015, Gunn stated that all of the songs for "Awesome Mix Vol. 2" had been chosen and built into

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: set the sequel shortly after the first film to explore the characters' new roles as the Guardians, and to follow the storyline of Quill's father established throughout that previous film. Russell was confirmed as Quill's father in July 2016, portraying Ego, a departure from Quill's comic father. "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" premiered in Tokyo on April 10, 2017 and was released in the United States on May 5, in 3D and IMAX 3D. It grossed more than $863 million worldwide, making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2017, while also outgrossing its predecessor. The film received praise for

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: return as Kraglin alongside Karen Gillan as Nebula. He explained his relationship with Marvel, saying the company "let me go and do my thing, and I truly listen to their notes and ideas. I've never been told to put in any character or plot element at all... When they trust you they give you a wide berth... we just fit." In May, Gunn said the sequel would feature fewer characters than the first film, and that he had planned to introduce two major new characters in the script—Mantis and Adam Warlock. Talks had begun with an actor Gunn had in

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (soundtrack)

text: Guardians of the Galaxy (soundtrack) Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the Marvel Studios film "Guardians of the Galaxy". Featuring the songs present on Peter Quill's mixtape in the film, the album was released by Hollywood Records on July 29, 2014. A separate film score album, Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score), composed by Tyler Bates, was also released by Hollywood Records on the same date, along with a deluxe version featuring both albums. The soundtrack album reached number one on the US "Billboard" 200 chart, becoming the first

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: 2013, Zoe Saldana entered into negotiations to star as Gamora in the film, and it was confirmed she had been cast later that month. Also in April, Michael Rooker joined the film's cast as Yondu, and it was announced that Ophelia Lovibond had been cast in a supporting role. By this point in time, Lee Pace was in final negotiations to play the villain of the film. In May, Marvel offered John C. Reilly the role of Rhomann Dey. At the same time, it was disclosed that filmmakers were looking at actors including Hugh Laurie, Alan Rickman, and Ken Watanabe,

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: comprises the twelve songs from Quill's mixtape; and a deluxe edition featuring both albums. By August 2014, the album which mirrored Quill's mixtape had reached the top of the "Billboard" 200 chart, becoming the first soundtrack album in history consisting entirely of previously released songs to top the chart. Hollywood Records also released a cassette version of the "Awesome Mix Vol. 1" soundtrack on November 28, 2014, as an exclusive to Record Store Day participants. The cassette, which is the first cassette Disney Music Group has released since 2003, comes with a digital download version of the album. At Disney's

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: well as Charred Walls of the Damned drummer and "Howard Stern Show" personality Richard Christy in a cameo appearance. The other members of Stakar and Yondu's old team, based on the comic's original incarnation of the Guardians of the Galaxy, include Michael Rosenbaum as Martinex, Ving Rhames as Charlie-27, and Michelle Yeoh as Aleta Ogord. Also included in the team are the CG characters Krugarr and Mainframe, with the latter voiced, in an uncredited cameo, by Miley Cyrus. Rosenbaum had previously auditioned to play Peter Quill in "Vol. 1". Gunn cast Yeoh because of his love of 1990s Hong Kong

title: Guardians of the Galaxy (film)

text: praised for its humor, acting, direction, soundtrack, visual effects, and action sequences. At the 87th Academy Awards, the film received nominations for Best Visual Effects and Best Makeup and Hairstyling. A sequel, "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", was released on May 5, 2017. A third film, "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3", which was initially being developed for a 2020 release, has been put on hold after the firing of director James Gunn. In 1988, following his mother's death, a young Peter Quill is abducted from Earth by the Ravagers, a group of space pirates led by Yondu Udonta.

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2014's "Guardians of the Galaxy" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Written and directed by James Gunn, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: destroy the Guardians, naming him Adam; and a group of uninterested Watchers abandon their informant, who is discussing his experiences on Earth. Additionally, reprising their roles from the first film are Laura Haddock as Meredith Quill, Gregg Henry as her father, Seth Green as the voice of Howard the Duck, and canine actor Fred as Cosmo. Members of Yondu's Ravager crew appearing in the film include Evan Jones as Retch, Jimmy Urine as Half-Nut, Stephen Blackehart as Brahl, Steve Agee as Gef, Mike Escamilla as Scrote, Joe Fria as Oblo, Terence Rosemore as Narblik, and Tommy Flanagan as Tullk, as

title: Star-Lord

text: Star-Lord Star-Lord (Peter Jason Quill) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character, created by Steve Englehart and Steve Gan, first appeared in "Marvel Preview" #4 (January 1976). The son of human Meredith Quill and Spartoi J'son, Peter Quill assumes the mantle of Star-Lord, an interplanetary policeman. The character played prominent roles in the comic book storylines "Annihilation" (2006) and "" (2007), "War of Kings" (2008), and "The Thanos Imperative" (2009). He became the leader of the space-based superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy in the 2008 relaunch of the comic of the

title: Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series

text: chases after her, with either Gamora (Emily O'Brien) or Drax (Brandon Paul Elis). Onboard, they discover the bodies of thousands of Kree soldiers and learn that Hala intends to resurrect them and her son, Bal-Dinn (Johnny Yong Bosch). She mortally wounds Star-Lord, but he and his partner escapes with the Forge when the other Guardians arrive. Making it on board, Star-Lord dies from his injuries, only to be brought back to life by the Forge. Not knowing what to do with it, they visit Yondu (Mark Barbolak), a former space-pirate and the man who raised Peter Quill after his mother's

title: Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

text: Stakar Ogord. Gunn also introduced multiple actors who were playing Ravager characters, since the Ravagers have a larger presence in the film. On the decision to reveal Russell as Ego and Quill's father when he did, Gunn felt that since "people were going to figure it out eventually [...] it was better that we took the reins in our own hands" and make the reveal. Gunn also felt that this would move the focus of audiences from wanting to discover who Quill's father is to "the story and the relationship that these characters have". In August 2016, Gunn confirmed the

title: Laura Haddock

text: Laura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress.  She is best known for portraying Kacie Carter in Honest, Lucrezia in Da Vinci's Demons, Meredith Quill in Guardians of the Galaxy and its sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Alison in The Inbetweeners Movie and Viviane Wembly in Transformers: The Last Knight.

title: Laura Haddock


question: who is the guy on keeping up with the kardashians

answers: Jonathan Cheban

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: Keeping Up with the Kardashians Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. The fifteenth season premiered on August 5, 2018. The series focuses mainly on sisters Kourtney, Kim, and Khloé Kardashian and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner.

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: The episodes of "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" are also available on numerous streaming video on demand services, such as Amazon Video, iTunes, Google Play, Microsoft Movies & TV, Hulu, and Vudu, as well as the E! network's own streaming service. Keeping Up with the Kardashians Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14,

title: Dash Dolls

text: on "Keeping Up with the Kardashians", and her twin sister, Khadijah Haqq, who both act as co-managers of the store. The cast also includes store's merchandising manager Durrani Aisha Popal, sales associates Stephanie De Souza, Caroline Burt, Taylor Cuqua, and Melody "Mel" Rae Kandil, assistant manager Merhanz "Nazy" Farnoosh, store manager Jennifer Robi, sales coordinator Alexisamor "Lexi" Ramierz, and media and marketing expert Melissa "Missy" Flores. The Kardashian sisters, who own the store, are also expected to make guest appearances throughout the show. According to the press release issued by the network, the cast of the series is characterized as:

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: part of the sixth season; the special was highly successful with a combined 10.5 million viewers. A few days after Caitlyn Jenner (then Bruce) came out as a trans woman during a "20/20" interview with Diane Sawyer in May 2015, E! aired a two-part special on "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" entitled "About Bruce", in which another side of the story was told featuring family members who were not involved in the previous interview on "20/20". The first part of the special debuted on May 17, 2015, and attracted 2.92 million total viewers, a 40% increase from the previous episode,

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: to entertain." The following year, "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" was picked up for a third season. In April 2012, E! signed a three-year deal with the Kardashian family that kept the series airing through seasons seven, eight and nine. "Keeping up with the Kardashians" was later renewed for a tenth season which premiered on March 15, 2015. In February 2015, it was announced that the show had been renewed for four more years, along with an additional spin-off series, making it one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. In terms of the show's future, Kim Kardashian

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" has received very poor critical reviews since its premiere. It is often criticized for the high degree of emphasis on the "famous for being famous" concept, and for appearing to fabricate some aspects of its storylines. Several critics also noted the show's lack of intelligence. However, some critics recognized the reality series as a "guilty pleasure" and acknowledged the family's success. Despite the negative reviews, "Keeping Up with the Kardashians " has attracted high viewership ratings, becoming one of the network's most successful shows and winning several audience awards. The series' success has led additionally

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: large Hispanic populations, particularly in the Southwest". Despite negative reviews from critics, "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" has been nominated for, and won, several television awards. The reality series has received nominations for a Teen Choice Award in the Choice TV: Celebrity Reality Show category nine consecutive times between 2008 and 2016, winning the award in 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2016. The show also won a People's Choice Award as Favorite TV Guilty Pleasure in 2011. The Kardashian sisters have been nominated as part of the cast for five awards, winning four times; Kim Kardashian has been nominated for three

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: to deal with various LGBT-related issues. It was later cancelled after two seasons. In April 2017, it was announced E! had ordered an 8-episode spin-off "Life of Kylie" revolving around Kylie Jenner. It premiered on August 6, 2017. "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" has been the subject of constant panning by critics since its inception. Brian Lowry, reviewing the show for "Variety", said that the network: "widens its lens to encompass the whole irritating brood — including Kim's sisters Khloé and Kourtney, mom-manager Kris and stepdad Bruce Jenner, who now has the distinction of having two sets of useless rich

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: 2007, it was announced that the Kardashian and Jenner families would star in a yet-to-be-titled reality show on E! described as a "new non-scripted family sitcom", being produced by Ryan Seacrest and Bunim/Murray Productions. The series' announcement came one week after Paris Hilton and her friend Nicole Richie announced that their popular E! series, "The Simple Life", was ending. The show, entitled "Keeping Up With the Kardashians", premiered on October 14, 2007. The reality series centers around the members of the Kardashian-Jenner blended family, focusing on the sisters Kourtney, Kim and Khloé. Most episodes have very similar structure: the family

title: Rob Kardashian

text: Rob Kardashian Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality and businessman. He is known for appearing on "Keeping Up with the Kardashians", a reality television series that centers upon his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's "Dancing with the Stars", during which he placed second. Rob and his siblings derive most of their revenue by endorsing products such as Coca-Cola, for which they are paid (as of 2016) between $75,000 and $300,000 per post on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, as per CBC Marketplace and

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: The season ended on May 26, 2008 with an episode "Junk in the Trunk", which featured the Kardashian siblings sharing the most memorable moments of the season. The third season commenced airing on March 8, 2009 and concluded with two back-to-back episodes which aired on May 25. The subsequent season premiered with a two-hour long episode entitled "The Wedding" on November 8, and ended on February 21, 2010; some of the episodes aired throughout the season were extended to a full hour. The fifth season of "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" began airing on August 22, 2010 and concluded with

title: Dash Dolls

text: installment in the "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" franchise, following "Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons", and the first one not featuring any members of the Kardashian family as the main cast. The series is produced by Bunim/Murray Productions and Ryan Seacrest Productions, the same companies which produce "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" and their spin-offs; Gil Goldschein, Jeff Jenkins, Farnaz Farjam and Claudia Frank serve as executive producers, along with the Kardashian sisters and Kris Jenner. The network describes the premise of the show as: Dash is a chain of retail stores which was founded in 2006 by the

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: awards winning one in 2012. In 2010, Kris and Caitlyn Jenner received a Teen Choice Award nomination in a one-time Choice TV: Parental Unit category. "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" premiered on October 14, 2007 in the United States on the E! cable network at 10:30/9:30 pm ET/PT. The half-hour reality series continued to air every Sunday night in the same time slot, and the eight-episode first season of the show concluded on December 2. The subsequent season premiered the following year on March 9 in an earlier time slot at 10:00/9:00 pm with a repeated episode airing immediately afterwards.

title: Dash Dolls

text: because of its unique environment and famous owners. "Ultimately when you put a large group of girls together, you're game to get a bunch of drama," Haqq also added. Kim Kardashian has disclosed that she initially wanted "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" to focus more on their stores in order to bring people's attention and later said that she "didn’t think it would turn into what it turned into." The reality series chronicles the daily life of the employees working in one of the Dash boutiques. The show features Khloé Kardashian’s best friend Malika Haqq, who has also been appearing

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: million in the 1849 years adult demographic, the most sought after by advertisers. It was the highest rated cable show in its timeslot. The series finished as the most-social ad-supported cable program and, as of March 2015, "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" is the most-watched show on E! network. The first episode of the tenth season averaged 2.5 million viewers, slightly less than the premiere of the ninth season. In 2016, a "New York Times" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" "tends to most popular in areas with

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: about the Kardashians' intense hunger for fame. But even worseit is downright boring to watch this family live out their tedious lives." John Kubicek, the senior writer of BuddyTV, reviewed the premiere of the third season of the show and discussed the reason for the family's success by saying that: "the Kardashians' fame is a lot like Möbius strip or an M. C. Escher painting." Harriet Ryan and Adam Tschorn of the "Los Angeles Times" described "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" as a: "Hollywood version of "The Brady Bunch" -- the harmless high jinks of a loving blended family against

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: "show[s] off their privileged lifestyle and maybe get into one or two minor family squabbles before ultimately wrapping things up with a monologue that reinforces the importance of family," as noted by Caroline Siede of "Quartz". Harriet Ryan and Adam Tschorn of the "Los Angeles Times" described the reality series as a: "Hollywood version of "The Brady Bunch" -- the harmless high jinks of a loving blended family against a backdrop of wealth and famous connections". Kim Kardashian described the beginning of filming the show, "When we first started [the show], we came together as a family and said, 'If

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: and her husband Lamar Odom, became the third spin-off of "Keeping Up with the Kardashians". The show premiered on April 10, 2011, and lasted two seasons. In March 2014, E! announced the fourth spin-off entitled "Kourtney and Khloé Take The Hamptons". The series premiered on November 2, 2014, and followed Kourtney and Khloé who relocated to the Hamptons to work on opening a new Dash pop-up store. The fifth spin-off series called "Dash Dolls" premiered on September 20, 2015. The reality series chronicles the daily life of the employees of the Dash boutique in Los Angeles. In June 2016, the

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: to believe that these whores of attention have souls and would actually do something for their fellow man and not reap the benefits of their service, but two seasons' worth of self-absorbed egocentrism speaks to the contrary." Roxana Hadadi, reviewing "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" for "The Washington Post", was extremely negative towards the reality series due to its absurdity, and commented that the show: "firmly captures all of Kim and Co.'s dumbest instances from the series' debut from the simply self-absorbed to the downright despicable." Amaya Rivera, writing about the series for "Popmatters", noted: "Indeed, there is something disturbing

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: week. The reality series revolves around the children of Kris Jenner, and originally focused mainly on the children from her first marriage to deceased attorney Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob. Kris' children Kendall and Kylie from her subsequent marriage to American athlete Caitlyn (formerly Bruce) Jenner have also been featured on the show since its beginning, along with Jenner's son Brody from another marriage, although he appeared very few times during the early seasons, mostly being called by his step-brother Rob to babysit their half-sisters Kylie and Kendall. Kourtney's boyfriend Scott Disick has also been appearing frequently on

title: Kylie Jenner

text: Kylie Jenner Kylie Kristen Jenner (born August 10, 1997) is an American reality television personality, model, entrepreneur, socialite, and social media personality. She has starred in the E! reality television series "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" since 2007 and is the founder and owner of cosmetic company Kylie Cosmetics. In 2012, she collaborated with the clothing brand PacSun, along with her sister Kendall, and created a line of clothing, "Kendall & Kylie". In 2015, Jenner launched her own cosmetics line called Kylie Lip Kits, which was renamed to Kylie Cosmetics the following year. She also released a mobile app that

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: has commented that the reality series could go for an indefinite number of seasons saying that she: "hope[s] it goes on for as long as it can." "Keeping Up With the Kardashians", including its spin-off series, has become the cable network's flagship show and its most lucrative franchise. "It has changed the face of E!" said Lisa Berger, the network's executive producer. "We were a place to report on celebrity; we weren't a place to break and make celebrity, which is now the whole idea of the E! brand." The show's success contributed significantly towards building the "Kardashian brand", or

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: Entertainment which obtained the home entertainment distribution rights for a variety of programming from Comcast Entertainment Group, including "Keeping Up with the Kardashians". The second and third seasons of the series were released on November 10, 2009 and August 17, 2010, respectively. In Australia, all seasons are released on DVD by Universal Sony Pictures. The latest addition, which includes the eleventh season of the show, was released on April 28, 2016. In the United Kingdom, the reality series is distributed by Universal Pictures UK. The DVD set of the seventh season, the latest addition, was released on June 24, 2013.

title: Rob & Chyna

text: Kardashian and Chyna their own series: The series airs on E!, an American cable network which features mostly entertainment-related programming, and reality television series, including "Keeping Up with the Kardashians", another series that both Rob Kardashian and Blac Chyna have been part of. The show is produced by Bunim/Murray Productions and Ryan Seacrest Productions, which also produce "Keeping Up with the Kardashians". On December 14, 2016, E! renewed the series for a second season consisting of eight episodes that was expected to premiere in 2017. In July 2017, E! confirmed the series was put on hold, and not on their

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: as Brandon's wife at the time Leah, joined the cast for regular appearances. The success of the reality series resulted in the development of several spin-off shows and other related programming. In April 2009, E! announced the first spin-off of "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" entitled "Kourtney and Khloé in Miami", which was later renamed "Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami". The series followed the sisters who moved to Miami to open a new Dash boutique. Ted Harbert, president and CEO of Comcast Entertainment Group, considered the sisters capable of handling their own standalone series. "It's a very simple formula that

title: Kocktails with Khloé

text: Kocktails with Khloé Kocktails with Khloé is an American pop culture–themed variety talk show which premiered on the FYI cable channel on January 20, 2016 . The series is hosted by reality television personality Khloé Kardashian. In April 2016, FYI cancelled "Kocktails with Khloé" after one season. The series was greenlit on July 21, 2015. The network ordered eight one-hour episodes; the production of "Kocktails with Khloé" commenced immediately after the announcement. The talk show is hosted by television personality and socialite Khloé Kardashian, who is well known for appearing on the reality television series "Keeping Up with the Kardashians"

title: Kim Kardashian

text: Shared with Kourtney, Khloe, Rob and Kris D Shared with Kourtney, Khloe, Rob and Kris E With Kourtney, Khloe, Rob, Kris, Kendall, Kylie and Caitlyn (then Bruce) Kim Kardashian Kimberly Noel Kardashian West (; born October 21, 1980) is an American reality television personality, entrepreneur and socialite. Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton, but received wider notice after a 2003 sex tape with her former boyfriend Ray J was leaked in 2007. Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series "Keeping Up with the Kardashians".

title: Buzz Bissinger

text: former Olympic decathlete, businessperson, and television personality Bruce Jenner to Caitlyn Jenner star of E!'s "Keeping Up With the Kardashians" and "I Am Cait", with photographs by Annie Leibovitz, was one of the biggest international scoops in years. Bissinger had exclusive access to Jenner both immediately before and after her cosmetic surgery. The 11,000-word article was months in the making and kept heavily under wraps until it was released on the magazine's website on June 1. Bissinger's article for "Vanity Fair", "Gone with the Wind" (August 2007), about the saga of 2006 Kentucky Derby Winner Barbaro, has been optioned by

title: Keeping Up with the Kardashians

text: the latter may have launched a multimedia empire, the former has made it last". Maura Kelly of "The Guardian" evaluated the aftermath of the failed wedding of Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries, which was documented on "Keeping Up with the Kardashians," and subsequently caused public outrage, including an online protest petition to cancel the show. "Since Kim doesn't exactly seem to be an exemplar of self-awareness, I suppose it's possible that she really believed she and Humphries would live happily ever after," Kelly speculated whether or not the marriage was a publicity stunt. "But more likely, she and E! are

title: Jonathan Cheban

text: Jonathan Cheban (born c. 1974) is a reality-television star and entrepreneur.  He is noted for his recurring role on the show Keeping Up with the Kardashians and its spinoffs.

title: Jonathan Cheban


question: locations for the film an englishman who went up a hill

answers: Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant

answers: Llansilin in Powys

text: The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain is a 1995 British film with a story by Ifor David Monger and Ivor Monger, written and directed by Christopher Monger. It was entered into the 19th Moscow International Film Festival and was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. The film is based on a story heard by Christopher Monger from his grandfather about the real village of Taff's Well, in the old county of Glamorgan, and its neighbouring

title: English-language accents in film

text: Green Was My Valley" (1941), set in Wales but filmed in California, director John Ford avoided depicting the Welsh accent by casting British and Irish actors who spoke with Irish accents. For the British film "The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain" (1995), director Christopher Monger sought to capture the accent onscreen by having actors Colm Meaney, Tara FitzGerald, and Ian Hart trained to sound like denizens of South Wales. In 2005, when Welsh-born actor Catherine Zeta-Jones encouraged Welsh singer-songwriter Charlotte Church to hide her native accent in pursuit of an acting career, Welsh film

text: call it a "be'chi'ngalw."" In Welsh, "be'chi'ngalw" is a placeholder name, like "whatchamacallit" or "thingamajig" in English. This is made obvious in the novel of the film. The 13th episode of Veggie Tales, "King George and the Ducky," contained a brief parody of "The Englishman Who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain" entitled "The Englishman Who Went up a Hill and Came Down with All the Bananas." The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain is a 1995 British film with

text: the film has often been compared with "Waking Ned", a comedy film written and directed by Kirk Jones. The movie has resulted in a stream of visitors climbing to the summit of The Garth, and the Pentyrch History Society and the local community council have erected a notice on the mountain to explain its real historical significance. One joke in the film which may not be obvious to non-Welsh speakers occurs when a mechanic is asked about a nondescript broken part he has removed from a car, and replies "Well I don't know the English word, but in Welsh we

title: The Hill (film)

text: The Hill (film) The Hill is a 1965 film directed by Sidney Lumet, set in a British army prison in North Africa in the Second World War. It stars Sean Connery, Harry Andrews, Ian Bannen, Ossie Davis, Ian Hendry, Alfred Lynch, Roy Kinnear and Michael Redgrave. In a British Army "glasshouse" (military prison) in the Libyan Desert, prisoners convicted of service offences such as insubordination, being drunk while on duty, going AWOL or petty theft etc. are subjected to repetitive drill in the blazing desert heat. The arrival of five new prisoners slowly leads to a clash with the camp

title: A Hill in Korea

text: A Hill in Korea A Hill in Korea is a 1956 British war film based on Max Catto's 1953 novel of the same name. The original name was Hell in Korea, but was changed for distribution reasons, except in the U.S. It was directed by Julian Amyes and the producer was Anthony Squire. Incidental music was written by Malcolm Arnold. It was the first major feature film to portray British troops in action during the Korean War and introduces Michael Caine (himself a veteran of the Korean War) in his first credited film role. During the retreat of 1951, a

title: The Hill (film)

text: because of my reputation as Bond that the backers put up the money for "The Hill"," he said. Lumet says he told Connery before filming began that, "'I'm going to make brutal demands of you, physically and emotionally', and he knew I'm not a director who has too much respect for 'stars' as such. The result is beyond my hopes. He is real and tough and not at all smooth or nice. In a way he's a 'heavy' but the real heavy is the Army." Filming took place in Almeria, Spain starting 8 September 1964. An old Spanish fort in

title: A View from a Hill (film)

text: Richards. It was built in 1853 and was purchased by the Ministry of Supply in 1952 who used as an Officers Mess. In 2004 it was purchased by a consortium headed by Crest Nicholson PLC since when it has been used for several film and TV dramas. It and other locations in Turville were chosen because of their proximity to London. The production was filmed on a limited budget, and writer Peter Harness had to cut or reduce several planned scenes for budgetary reasons. A View from a Hill (film) A View from a Hill is a 2005 British television

title: The Hill (film)

text: on 5 June 2007 as a Region 1 widescreen DVD. The Hill (film) The Hill is a 1965 film directed by Sidney Lumet, set in a British army prison in North Africa in the Second World War. It stars Sean Connery, Harry Andrews, Ian Bannen, Ossie Davis, Ian Hendry, Alfred Lynch, Roy Kinnear and Michael Redgrave. In a British Army "glasshouse" (military prison) in the Libyan Desert, prisoners convicted of service offences such as insubordination, being drunk while on duty, going AWOL or petty theft etc. are subjected to repetitive drill in the blazing desert heat. The arrival of five

text: cause outrage when they conclude that it is only a hill because it is slightly short of the required 1000 feet (305 m) in height. The villagers, aided and abetted by the wily Morgan the Goat (Colm Meaney) and the Reverend Mr Jones (Kenneth Griffith) (who after initially opposing the scheme, grasps its symbolism in restoring the community's war-damaged self-esteem), conspire with Morgan to delay the cartographers' departure while they build an earth mound on top of the hill to make it high enough to be considered a mountain. In regard to its humorous and affectionate description of the locals,

title: On the Black Hill (film)

text: at Llanfihangel Nant Brân near Sennybridge which was critical to its success," said Grieve at a screening of the film at Borderlines Film Festival in 2006. In fact, locations throughout the Welsh borders were used for the film, notably The Black Mountains, Hay-on-Wye and Crickhowell. Props and furniture for the film were borrowed from people and houses in the area and even the local WI was used to knit garments appropriate to the period. All of this firmly locates the film in its region and, as Grieve says, gives it a strong sense of reality. Grieve was brought up in

title: Malvern Hills

text: of the hills from 'Madams' in Gloucestershire and from the 'Rising Sun' hotel on Cleeve Hill near Cheltenham. Dame Laura Knight painted in a studio near Wynds Point below British Camp. The opening scene in "Elgar", a drama documentary made in 1962 by the British director Ken Russell, depicts a young Elgar riding a white pony over the Malvern Hills. Made for BBC Television's long-running "Monitor" programme, it dramatised the life of the composer Edward Elgar. The film significantly raised the public profile of the composer. The Tank Quarry on North Hill and West of England Quarry on the Worcestershire

title: On the Black Hill (film)

text: On the Black Hill (film) On the Black Hill is a 1987 film directed by Andrew Grieve, based upon the novel of the same name by Bruce Chatwin. Although Bruce Chatwin initially considered his novel about 80 years of rural family life in the Welsh border country unfilmable, he changed his mind when he saw how keen director Andrew Grieve was to make it and they went together to see some of the places and meet some of the people that Chatwin had been inspired by. Chatwin told Grieve to use the book for his film and make it his

title: Downhill (1927 film)

text: Downhill (1927 film) Downhill is a 1927 British silent drama film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Ivor Novello, Robin Irvine, and Isabel Jeans, and based on the play "Down Hill" by Novello and Constance Collier. The film was made by Gainsborough Pictures at their Islington studios. "Downhill" was Hitchcock's fourth film as director, but the fifth to be released. Its American alternative title for was When Boys Leave Home. At an expensive English boarding school for boys, Roddy Berwick (Ivor Novello) is School Captain and star rugby player. He and his best friend Tim Wakely (Robin Irvine) start seeing a

title: A View from a Hill (film)

text: and there is nothing left of it but a few stones. That night, Fanshawe goes alone to Gallows Hill. He hears rustling in the bushes and comes to the spot where the gallows were slid into the ground. Thoroughly frightened by the fact he's being watched, Fanshawe eventually manages to stumble out of the woods and make his way back to the Squire's house. At dinner later, Richards' butler Patten, explains to Fanshawe how a previous historian, a local clockmaker called Baxter, became obsessed with the old abbey and began sneaking off at night to dig up the bones of

title: A View from a Hill (film)

text: hanging, though he subsequently recovers. The next day Patten burns all of the sketches and boiled bones in a bonfire and throws the binoculars in after them. Squire Richards accompanies Fanshawe to the railway station and then leaves. As Fanshawe sits on a bench waiting for the train, he hears a loud rustling noise in the woods behind him, implying that the ghosts of Gallows Hill will always be with him. The film was entirely filmed on location in the Thames Valley in November 2005; The Manor House in Chertsey, originally named Barrow Hills, featured as the home of Squire

title: The Wild Geese

text: took place at Messina Border Region. The fictional country is said to lie on the border with Burundi, Rhodesia and Rwanda and Zambia, Uganda and Swaziland are also mentioned to be close by. The rugby scenes were filmed over a period of two days at Marble Hill Park in Twickenham with extras drafted in from nearby Teddington Boys' School. Marble Hill Close near Marble Hill Park was also used as a location. Hardy Krüger later complained about the film: For this kind of a delicate story in Africa with an element of battle in it, there has to be some

title: On the Black Hill (film)

text: mid Wales and so his understanding of the region and its people was crucial to the film’s atmosphere. The cinematography, by Thaddeus O'Sullivan, has been widely acclaimed. On the Black Hill (film) On the Black Hill is a 1987 film directed by Andrew Grieve, based upon the novel of the same name by Bruce Chatwin. Although Bruce Chatwin initially considered his novel about 80 years of rural family life in the Welsh border country unfilmable, he changed his mind when he saw how keen director Andrew Grieve was to make it and they went together to see some of the

title: Overhill

text: Overhill Overhill is a 2013 British horror thriller film, directed by Will Hutchinson and starring Lorna Beckett. The story focuses on Londoner, Rebecca, who takes Overhill cottage in Pendeen as a quiet and secluded place to get her novel finished. She quickly finds that the locals know more about her than she anticipated, and peace is in short supply. Set and largely shot over four days in 2011 in the village of Pendeen in Cornwall, and featuring many local actors, it was completed for just £600. The film had its worldwide premiere at the East End Film Festival on Thursday

title: A View from a Hill (film)

text: A View from a Hill (film) A View from a Hill is a 2005 British television film based on the M. R. James short story of the same name. It was adapted by Peter Harness for BBC Four's revival of the "Ghost Story for Christmas" tradition. It stars Mark Letheren as Dr Fanshawe. The film opens with historian Dr Fanshawe waiting at a railway station for a car to arrive to take him to the house of Squire Richards, where he is to catalogue and value an archaeological collection which is to be sold. He finally gives up waiting and

title: Christopher Monger

text: include: "The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain" (1995) for Miramax Films, adapted from his novel of the same name. It stars Hugh Grant, Colm Meaney, Tara FitzGerald and Harry Kretchmer. "The Englishman et cetera" was entered into the 19th Moscow International Film Festival He directed "Waiting for the Light", starring Shirley MacLaine and Teri Garr. Also "Crime Pays" for Film Four International, starring Ronnie Williams and Veronica Quilligan, and "Voice Over" starring Ian McNeice. He wrote the television film "Seeing Red" for Granada and WGBH, f,or which he received a Christopher Award; and wrote

title: The Offence

text: during its original run in London in 1968. Seeing potential in the story, Connery bought the option on the film rights and asked Hopkins to adapt the script for the big screen. Having made two films with Sidney Lumet, "The Hill" and "The Anderson Tapes" Connery appreciated his straightforward approach and offered him the job of directing. Lumet was keen to work with Connery again and accepted. Ian Bannen, who had also appeared in "The Hill" was hired as co-star. The film was shot on a small budget of £385,000 in March and April 1972 in and around Bracknell, Berkshire

title: Overhill

text: 27 June 2013, followed by a question-and-answer session with director Will Hutchinson, writer Leo Whetter and Guardian journalist David Stubbs. Overhill Overhill is a 2013 British horror thriller film, directed by Will Hutchinson and starring Lorna Beckett. The story focuses on Londoner, Rebecca, who takes Overhill cottage in Pendeen as a quiet and secluded place to get her novel finished. She quickly finds that the locals know more about her than she anticipated, and peace is in short supply. Set and largely shot over four days in 2011 in the village of Pendeen in Cornwall, and featuring many local actors,

title: A Hill in Korea

text: and up a winding path towards an isolated temple located on a hill, with only a steep cliff to its rear. On the way, Wyatt throws away the only radio because he cannot be bothered to carry it up the hill. Then they run into an enemy patrol on the path. They ambush the Chinese, and continue up to the temple. With the Chinese knowing now exactly where they are, Butler must keep his troops together, and fend off the enemy attacks. A Hill in Korea A Hill in Korea is a 1956 British war film based on Max Catto's

title: Home from the Hill (film)

text: Home from the Hill (film) Home from the Hill is a 1960 American Metrocolor drama film in CinemaScope directed by Vincente Minnelli and starring Robert Mitchum, Eleanor Parker, George Peppard, George Hamilton, Everett Sloane, and Luana Patten. The script was adapted from the 1958 novel of the same name by William Humphrey. The film was entered into the 1960 Cannes Film Festival. The film's title is from the last line of Robert Louis Stevenson's short poem "Requiem". This film was originally intended for actors Clark Gable and Bette Davis, but the roles then went to Robert Mitchum and Eleanor Parker.

title: Downhill (1927 film)

text: based on the play, "Down Hill", written by its star Ivor Novello and Constance Collier under the combined alias David L'Estrange. The stage performance had a short run in the West End and longer in the provinces. In the play Novello thrilled his female fans by washing his bare legs after the rugby match. An appreciative James Agate, drama critic for the London "Sunday Times", wrote "The scent of good honest soap crosses the footlights". Hitchcock included a similar scene of Novello for the film in which he is shown naked from the waist up. Hitchcock's emerging style is well

title: Mynydd y Glyn

text: Mynydd y Glyn Mynydd y Glyn is a mountain in South Wales, between the towns of Pontypridd and Tonyrefail. It has a height above sea level of 377 metres. It is the mountain which was used in "The Englishman who went up a Hill and came down a Mountain" in which Hugh Grant and Ian McNeice star as English cartographers. In the film the mountain is known as 'Ffynnon Garw'. In the story, set in the First World War years, written by Ifor Christopher and Ivor Monger, Welsh villagers are determined to stop their local mountain being downgraded to a

title: From Up on Poppy Hill

text: From Up on Poppy Hill Set in 1964 Yokohama, Japan, the film tells the story of Umi Matsuzaki, a high school girl living in a boarding house, 'Coquelicot Manor'. When Umi meets Shun Kazama, a member of the school's newspaper club, they decide to clean up the school's clubhouse, "Quartier Latin". However, Tokumaru, the chairman of the local high school and a businessman, intends to demolish the building for redevelopment and Umi and Shun, along with Shirō Mizunuma, must persuade him to reconsider. "From Up on Poppy Hill" premiered on July 16, 2011, in Japan. It received positive reviews from

title: People of the Mountains

text: Catholic". The film was shot on location in Transylvania which had been occupied by Hungarian troops following the Second Vienna Award during the Second World War while interior scenes were filmed at the Hunnia Film Studio in Budapest. The film was originally conceived as a short film, but studios bosses agreed to make it a feature film as long as costs could be kept low. Szőts had a relatively small film crew, and cast largely unknown actors in the leading roles. People of the Mountains People of the Mountains (Hungarian: Emberek a havason) is a 1942 Hungarian drama film directed

text: The film is based on a story heard by Christopher Monger from his grandfather about the real village of Taff's Well, in the old county of Glamorgan, and its neighbouring Garth Hill. Due to 20th century urbanisation of the area, it was filmed in the more rural Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant and Llansilin in Powys.  The Welsh Male Voice Choir used to provide background music throughout the film was, in fact, the London-based Gwalia Male Choir.

short_answers:
Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant
Llansilin in Powys


question: when did bihar bifurcate from bengal and some parts of chota nagpur merged into bengal

answers: 1912

title: Chota Nagpur Tributary States

text: Indian independence in 1947, the rulers of the states all chose to accede to the Dominion of India. Changbhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja and Udaipur later became part of Madhya Pradesh state, but Gangpur and Bonai part of Orissa state, and Kharsawan and Saraikela part of Bihar state. In November 2000, the new states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand were separated from Madhya Pradesh and Bihar, respectively. The following princely states were collectively called 'Chhota Nagpur Tributary States' : Chota Nagpur Tributary States The Chota Nagpur Tributary States or Chota Nagpur States were a group of non-salute states (minor princely states) at

title: Chota Nagpur Division

text: Chota Nagpur Division Chota Nagpur Division, also known as the South-West Frontier, was an administrative division of British India. It included most of the present-day state of Jharkhand as well as adjacent portions of West Bengal, Orissa, and Chhattisgarh. Chota Nagpur division was a hilly and forested area. The region came under the control of the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was annexed to the Bengal Presidency, the largest province of British India. After the Kol rebellion of 1831-2, the division was exempted by Regulation XIII of 1833 from the general laws and regulations governing Bengal, and

title: Chota Nagpur Division

text: of the division was at Ranchi. The total area of the division was 27,101 square miles (70,161 km.), and the population was 4,900,429 in 1901. In 1901 Hindus constituted 68.5% of the total population, animists 22.7%, Muslims 5.7%, Christians 2.9%, and 853 Jains. The Chota Nagpur States, a group of princely states, was under the political authority of the division's commissioner. The division included five districts: Chota Nagpur Division Chota Nagpur Division, also known as the South-West Frontier, was an administrative division of British India. It included most of the present-day state of Jharkhand as well as adjacent portions of

title: Chota Nagpur Division

text: every branch of the administration was vested in an officer appointed by the supreme Government and called the Agent to the Governor-General of India for the South-West Frontier. In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur and it began to be administered as a Non-regulation province under the Lieutenant Governor of the then Bihar. In 1855-56 there was the great uprising of the Santhals against the British but was brutally suppressed. was changed to Chota Nagpur by Act XX of that year, and was administered thereafter as a non-regulation province under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal

title: Chota Nagpur Tributary States

text: Chota Nagpur Tributary States The Chota Nagpur Tributary States or Chota Nagpur States were a group of non-salute states (minor princely states) at the time of British Raj, located on the Chhota Nagpur Plateau. British suzerainty over the states was exercised through the government of the Bengal Presidency. These states were nine in number and they became part of the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa following Indian Independence. In the 18th century, the states came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire, but they became tributary states of British India as a result of the

title: Bengal Presidency

text: State, were transferred from Bengal to the Central Provinces; and Sambalpur State and the five Oriya states of Bamra, Rairakhol, Sonepur, Patna and Kalahandi were transferred from the Central Provinces to Bengal. The province of West Bengal then consisted of the thirty-three districts of Burdwan, Birbhum, Bankura, Midnapur, Hughli, Howrah, Twenty-four Parganas, Calcutta, Nadia, Murshidabad, Jessore, Khulna, Patna, Gaya, Shahabad, Saran, Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Monghyr, Bhagalpur, Purnea, Santhal Parganas, Cuttack, Balasore, Angul and Kandhmal, Puri, Sambalpur, Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Palamau, and Manbhum. The princely states of Sikkim and the tributary states of Odisha and Chhota Nagpur were not part of

title: Chota Nagpur Tributary States

text: Anglo-Maratha Wars in the early 19th century. In October 1905, the exercise of British influence over the predominantly Hindi-speaking states of Chang Bhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja, and Udaipur was transferred from the Bengal government to that of the Central Provinces, while the two Oriya-speaking states of Gangpur and Bonai were attached to the Orissa Tributary States, leaving only Kharsawan and Saraikela answerable to the Bengal governor. In 1936, all nine states were transferred to the Eastern States Agency, the officials of which came under the direct authority of the Governor-General of India, rather than under that of any Provinces. After

title: Administration in Bihar

text: a result of the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 passed by the Parliament, the strength of the Bihar Legislative Council has been reduced from 96 to 75 members. Administration in Bihar Bihar is a state situated in North India. It is surrounded by West Bengal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the west, Jharkhand to the south and Nepal to the north. Before 1905, Bihar was a part of British East India Company's Bengal Presidency. In 1905 the Bengal Presidency was divided and created two new provinces: East Bengal and West Bengal. Until then Bihar was part of West Bengal. Again

title: Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)

text: To have a greater Control over the area, East India Company split the area into smaller districts like Panchet (1773), Jungle-Mahal (1805) and Manbhum (1833). The Manbhum District was formed with an area of 7,896 square miles. The district of Manbhum was again split in 1845, 1846, 1871 and finally in 1879, and as a result the area of Manbhum was reduced to 4,112 square miles. The Partition of Bengal was started in 1905, and, as an effect of that, a new state, Bihar-Odisha, was formed. The Manbhum District was included to the Bihar-Odisha. The whole district started protesting against

title: Greater Bangladesh

text: and Orissa and East Bengal and Assam however the westernmost part of the Bihar and Orissa province and East Bengal were reunited to become a smaller but yet united Bengal. This province was partitioned again in 1947 into Hindu-majority West Bengal and Muslim-majority East Bengal (now Bangladesh) to facilitate the creation of the separate Muslim state of Pakistan, of which East Bengal became a province. In January 1947, Sarat Chandra Bose resigned from the Indian National Congress, partially in protest against the partition of Bengal. He called for an Independent Bengal separate from both India and Pakistan, and formed his

title: Jharkhand

text: independence in 1947, the rulers of the states all chose to accede to the Dominion of India. Changbhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja and Udaipur later became part of Madhya Pradesh state, but Gangpur and Bonai part of Orissa state, and Kharsawan and Saraikela part of Bihar state. After the last Assembly election in the state resulted in a hung assembly, RJD's dependence on the Congress extended support on the precondition that RJD would not pose a hurdle to the passage of the Bihar reorganisation Bill (Jharkhand Bill). Finally, with the support from both RJD and Congress, the ruling coalition at the

title: History of Jharkhand

text: valiantly with their own canons but the old fort was besieged by the British on 19 March 1771. The fort was finally occupied by the British in 1772. Region under Kings of Chero dynasty, Nagvansh and Ramgarh became parts of British Raj. The Princly states in Chota Nagpur Plateau, came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire, but they became tributary states of East India Company as a result of the Anglo-Maratha Wars known as Chota Nagpur Tributary States. The subjugation and colonisation of Jharkhand region by the British East India Company resulted in spontaneous resistance from the

title: Eastern States Union

text: in December 1947, it was dissolved early in 1948. The states that had formed the union then became part of the newly established states of Orissa, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. Following the demise of the Eastern States Union the states that became part of Orissa (now Odisha) were Gangpur, Bonai, Bamra, Keonjhar, Rairakhol, Sonepur, Athmallik, Pal Lahara, Talcher, Patna, Baudh, Dhenkanal, Hindol, Daspalla, Narsinghpur, Baramba, Athgarh, Tigiria, Nayagarh, Ranpur and Kalahandi. Kharsawan and Seraikela, joined Bihar in May 1948. The states that became part of Madhya Pradesh were Changbhakar, Koriya, Surguja, Jashpur, Udaipur, Raigarh, Sarangarh, Kawardha, Khairagarh, Nandgaon and Kanker.

title: History of West Bengal

text: History of West Bengal The history of West Bengal began in 1947, when the Hindu-dominated western part of British Bengal Province became the Indian state of West Bengal. When India gained independence in 1947, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines. The western part went to India (and was named West Bengal) while the eastern part joined Pakistan as a province called East Bengal (later renamed East Pakistan, giving rise to independent Bangladesh in 1971). In 1950, the Princely State of Koch Bihar merged with West Bengal after King Jagaddipendra Narayan had signed the Instrument of Accession with India. In 1955,

title: Chhattisgarh Division

text: 18th century. The Kingdom of Nagpur was annexed to British India in 1853, becoming Nagpur Province. In 1861 Nagpur Province was merged with the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories to form the Central Provinces. All the princely states of the Central Provinces were in Chhattisgarh Division, except for Makrai, which was in the Hoshangabad District of the Nerbudda Division. In 1905, most of Sambalpur District and the princely states of Bamra, Rairakhol, Sonpur, Patna, and Kalahandi were transferred to Bengal Province and the princely states of Changbhakar, Korea, Surguja, Udaipur, and Jashpur were transferred from Bengal to the Central Provinces. In

title: Nagpur division

text: British in 1853 by means of the Doctrine of lapse. The British Nagpur Division included the current districts as well as Balaghat District, currently part of Madhya Pradesh. After Indian Independence, The Central Provinces and Berar (Amravati Division) became the new state of Madhya Pradesh. The Indian states were reorganised along linguistic lines in 1956, and on 1 November Nagpur and Amravati Divisions were transferred to Bombay State, while Balaghat District remained in Madhya Pradesh. The Marathi-speaking portion of Bombay State became Maharashtra State in 1960. Nagpur Division has 6 districts. Following table shows the districts of Nagpur Division and

title: Central Provinces

text: Vidarbha region, which includes Nagpur, the capital of the province. The eastern portion of the state lay in the upper Mahanadi River basin, which forms fertile rice-growing region of Chhattisgarh. The Maikal Range separates the basins of the Narmada and the Mahanadi. The Chota Nagpur Plateau extended into the northeast corner of the province. General censuses were held in 1866, 1872, 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, and 1931. The population in 1866 was over 9 million, and in 1872 over 9.25 million. 1869 was a famine year. There were epidemics of smallpox and cholera in 1872, 1878, and 1879. By

title: Singhbhum district

text: 1936 and then under Chhota Nagpur Division until the end of the British Raj. Following the independence of India Singhbhum District became part of the Indian Union as a district of Bihar. The district has in recent decades been divided into three smaller districts, being East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and Saraikela Kharsawan. All the three are currently part of Jharkhand state of India. The major Indian languages spoken in this region are Bengali, Odia, Kurmali and many tribal languages. The literal meaning of Singhbhum or Singhbhumi is "Land of lions": "Singh" in Odia Language means "lion" and "Bhum" or Bhumi

title: Nagpur

text: with an idea of creating a Hindu nation. After the 1927 Nagpur riots RSS gained further popularity in Nagpur and the organisation grew nationwide. After India gained independence in 1947, Central Provinces and Berar became a province of India. In 1950, the Central Provinces and Berar was reorganised as the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh with Nagpur as its capital. When the Indian states were reorganised along the linguistic lines in 1956, Nagpur and Berar regions were transferred to the state of Bombay, which was split into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat in 1960. At a formal public ceremony

title: Hazaribagh

text: Kharagdiha. Subsequent to the Kol uprising in 1831 that, however, did not seriously affect Hazaribagh, the administrative structure of the territory was changed. The parganas of Ramgarh, Kharagdiha, Kendi and Kunda became parts of the South-West Frontier Agency and were formed into a division named Hazaribagh as the administrative headquarters. In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur Division, composed of five districts - Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Palamau, Manbhum, and Singhbhum. The division was administered as a Non-regulation province under a Commissioner reporting to the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. In 1855-56 there was the great uprising

title: Partition of Bengal (1905)

text: Eastern Bengal and Assam... The Governor-General in Council is pleased to specify the sixteenth day of October, 1905 as the period at which the said provisions shall take effect and 15th as the number of councilors whom the Lieutenant-Governor may nominate for his assistance in making laws and regulations. The Governor-General in Council is further pleased to declare and appoint that upon the constitution of the said province of Eastern Bengal and Assam, the districts of Dacca, Mymensingh, Faridpur, Backergunge, Tippera, Noakhali, Chittagong, the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Rajashahi, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri, Rangpur, Bogra, Pabna, and Malda which now form part of

title: History of Bengal

text: very undeveloped districts, especially in the east. In 1877, when Victoria took the title of "Empress of India", the British declared Calcutta the capital of the British Raj. India's most popular province (and one of the most active provinces for independence activities), in 1905 Bengal was divided by the British rulers for administrative purposes into an overwhelmingly Hindu west (including present-day Bihar and Odisha) and a predominantly Muslim east (including Assam) (1905 Partition of Bengal). Hindu – Muslim conflict became stronger through this partition. While Hindu Indians disagreed with the partition saying it was a way of dividing a Bengal

title: Jharkhand

text: location was strategic and enabled the British to mount canon supply and the old fort was besieged by the British on 19 March 1771. The fort was finally occupied by the British in 1772. Region under Kings of Chero dynasty, Nagvansh and Ramgarh became parts of territories of East India Company. The Princly states in Chota Nagpur Plateau, came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire, but they became tributary states of British East India Company as a result of the Anglo-Maratha Wars known as Chota Nagpur Tributary States. The subjugation and colonisation of Jharkhand region by the

title: Bengal Presidency

text: finally amalgamated into the new British-Indian Army in 1904-5, after a lengthy struggle over its reform between Lord Kitchener, the Commander-in-Chief, and Lord Curzon, the Viceroy. The partition of the large province of Bengal, which was decided upon by Lord Curzon, and Cayan Uddin Ahmet, the Chief Secretary of Bengal carried into execution in October 1905. The Chittagong, Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions, the Malda District and the States of Hill Tripura, Sylhet and Comilla were transferred from Bengal to a new province, Eastern Bengal and Assam; the five Hindi-speaking states of Chota Nagpur, namely Changbhakar, Korea, Surguja, Udaipur and Jashpur

title: History of Ranchi district

text: History of Ranchi district Ranchi district is one among the twenty-four districts of the state of Jharkhand in Eastern India. This region was under the control of the Magadha Empire, then it was a part of the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka and later a part of the Gupta Empire. After the fall of the Gupta Empire a legendary king named Phanimukut established the Nag Dynasty and controlled the Chota Nagpur plateau region for several centuries thereafter. The early evidence of use of several Iron slag, pot sheds, Iron tools found in Chota Nagpur Plateau region around 1400 BCE. The region

title: Partition of Bengal (1905)

text: Tripura united within the Eastern Bengal and Assam province with Dhaka as the capital. There were further transfers of administrative districts in the name of linguistic or ethnic unification, with the Hindi-speaking districts of Chota Nagpur becoming part of the Central Provinces, while the Bengali-speaking areas of Oriya and Sambalpur were included in the new province of Bengal Partition was promoted for administrative reasons since Bengal was geographically as large as France and had a significantly larger population. Curzon stated the eastern region was neglected and under-governed. By splitting the province, an improved administration could be established in the east,

title: History of Ranchi district

text: a fixed tribute. Thus the issue was settled for a certain period of time until the region eventually came under the British rule. After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British Raj established its firm control over the Indian subcontinent. In 1765, Chota Nagpur region also went into their control. A settlement was made by the British in 1772 with Nagbansi Maharaja. This administration could not last long. In 1817 the Ranchi district along with the adjoining territories were directly administrated by the Magistrate of Ramgarh. The discontent expressed the people took the form of various revolts in the

title: Chota Nagpur Plateau

text: in West Bengal, and Dhanbad district and parts of Bokaro district in Jharkhand, and the Singhbhum area broadly covers Kolhan division of Jharkhand. The Manbhum area has a general elevation of about and it consists of undulating land with scattered hills – Baghmundi and Ajodhya range, Panchakot and the hills around Jhalda are the prominent ones. Adjacent Bankura district of West Bengal has been described as the “connecting link between the plains of Bengal on the east and Chota Nagpur plateau on the west.” The same could be said of the Asansol and Durgapur subdivisions of Bardhaman district.Recently a website

title: History of Jharkhand

text: Storm and hurricane was on the peak. At that time, under the leadership of Netajee Subhas Chandra Bose conference against Samjhauta was also completed. In Ramgarh, Subhsha Chandra Bose was seen as president of All India Forward Block and M.N. Roy was seen as leader of Radical democratic party. After Indian independence in 1947, the rulers of the states all chose to accede to the Dominion of India. Changbhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surguja and Udaipur later became part of Madhya Pradesh state, but Gangpur and Bonai part of Orissa state, and Kharsawan and Saraikela part of Bihar state. After the last

title: Chota Nagpur Division

text: Chota Nagpur Division became part of the new province of Bihar and Orissa when it was created in 1912.  In 1936 the province was split into the separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa, and the princely states were placed under the authority of the Eastern States Agency.

title: Chota Nagpur Division


question: when was the last time mount ruapehu erupted

answers: 25 September 2007

title: Mount Taranaki

text: geologically young, having commenced activity approximately 135,000 years ago. The most recent volcanic activity was the production of a lava dome in the crater and its collapse down the side of the mountain in the 1850s or 1860s. Between 1755 and 1800, an eruption sent a pyroclastic flow down the mountain's northeast flanks, and a moderate ash eruption occurred about 1755, of the size of Ruapehu's activity in 1995/1996. The last major eruption occurred around 1655. Recent research has shown that over the last 9,000 years minor eruptions have occurred roughly every 90 years on average, with major eruptions every

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: increased chemical changes, gases and temperature. The warning was used to let visitors know the potential of an explosion was higher than usual and could happen at any time. This could also be a follow-up to the previous year's 2007 eruption. A GeoNet New Zealand Bulletin was released on 21 July 2008 stating that "the current phase of volcano unrest appears to be over, however Ruapehu remains an active volcano. Future eruptions may occur without warning." However the level has remained at 1, where it has been since 1997. On 5 April 2011 Geonet changed Mount Ruapehu's Volcanic Aviation Colour

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: March 2007 (see below). Ruapehu erupted at 10.30pm on 4 October 2006. The small eruption created a volcanic earthquake at a magnitude of 2.8, sending a water plume 200 m into the air and tall waves crashing into the wall of the crater. On 18 March 2007, the tephra dam which had been holding back Crater Lake burst, sending a lahar down the mountain. An estimated 1.4 million cubic metres of mud, rock, and water travelled down the Whangaehu river. The Department of Conservation had received warning signals from the lahar warning system (ERLAWS) at around 10:30 that morning and

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: between major eruptions. Ruapehu is largely composed of andesite and began erupting at least 250,000 years ago. In recorded history, major eruptions have been about 50 years apart, in 1895, 1945 and 1995–1996. Minor eruptions are frequent, with at least 60 since 1945. Some of the minor eruptions in the 1970s generated small ash falls and lahars (mudflows) that damaged skifields. Between major eruptions, warm acidic Crater Lake forms, fed by melting snow. Major eruptions may completely expel the lake water. Where a major eruption has deposited a tephra dam across the lake's outlet, the dam may collapse after the

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: Mount Ruapehu Mount Ruapehu, also known simply as Ruapehu, is an active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. It is northeast of Ohakune and southwest of the southern shore of Lake Taupo, within Tongariro National Park. The North Island's major ski resorts and only glaciers are on its slopes. Ruapehu, the largest active volcano in New Zealand, is the highest point on the North Island and has three major peaks: Tahurangi (2,797 m), Te Heuheu (2,755 m) and Paretetaitonga (2,751 m). The deep, active crater is between the peaks and fills with water

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: the Rings" film trilogy were filmed on the slopes of Mount Ruapehu. Mount Ruapehu Mount Ruapehu, also known simply as Ruapehu, is an active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. It is northeast of Ohakune and southwest of the southern shore of Lake Taupo, within Tongariro National Park. The North Island's major ski resorts and only glaciers are on its slopes. Ruapehu, the largest active volcano in New Zealand, is the highest point on the North Island and has three major peaks: Tahurangi (2,797 m), Te Heuheu (2,755 m) and Paretetaitonga (2,751 m).

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: small eruptions that spread thin layers of ash across both Whakapapa and Turoa ski areas, the ski fields opened for the 1996 season. Turoa closed on 29 September – earlier than usual, while Whakapapa stayed open until Labour Weekend. After the 1996 eruption it was recognised that a catastrophic lahar could again occur when Crater Lake bursts the volcanic ash dam blocking the lake outlet. This is the same mechanism that caused the 1953 lahar. The lake gradually filled with snowmelt and had reached the level of the hard rock rim by January 2005. The lahar finally occurred on 18

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: lahars were observed, both in the Whangaehu River and other areas of the mountain, between 18 September and 25 September 1995, indicating Crater Lake was being emptied by the eruptions. The Department of Conservation immediately issued hazard warnings and advised people to keep off the mountain, thus ending the ski season. The eruption cloud disrupted air travel, occasionally closing airports and the central North Island airspace. Black sand-like ash fell on surrounding farmland and stock had to be moved. The ash also entered streams and was washed into the pen stocks and turbines of the Rangipo power station causing rapid

title: Geography of New Zealand

text: Mount Ngauruhoe (). Ruapehu's major eruptions have historically been about 50 years apart, in 1895, 1945 and 1995–1996. The 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera, located near Rotorua, was New Zealand's largest and deadliest eruption in the last 200 years, killing over 100 people. Another long chain of mountains runs through the North Island, from Wellington to East Cape. The ranges include Tararua and Kaimanawa. The lower mountain slopes are covered in native forest. Above this are shrubs, and then tussock grasses. Alpine tundra consists of cushion plants and herbfields; many of these plants have white and yellow flowers. New Zealand's

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: on the mountain overnight at Top o' the Bruce when a sudden snow storm blew up and within a few minutes made the access road too dangerous to descend. They spent the night in relative comfort and all descended safely the next morning. Such rapidly changing conditions are typical of the weather on New Zealand mountains. Again on Saturday 26 July 2008, skiers and staff were trapped on the mountain overnight when a fast approaching storm caused the skifield to be closed at 10:30 a.m. and made the road too dangerous for cars without chains or 4WD to leave the

title: Auckland volcanic field

text: Mount Ruapehu and Lake Taupo. The field is currently dormant, but could become active again. The field ranges from Lake Pupuke and Rangitoto Island in the north to Matukutururu (Wiri Mountain) in the south, and from Mount Albert in the west to Pigeon Mountain in the east. The first vent erupted at Onepoto 248,000 ± 28,000 years ago. The most recent eruption (about 600 years ago and within historical memory of the local Māori iwi) was of Rangitoto, an island shield volcano just east of the city, erupting 2.3 cubic kilometres of lava. The eruptions have tended to become bigger

title: Geology of New Zealand

text: an eruption in recent times, there is always the potential for a new volcano to be created, or a dormant volcano to come to life. The Tongariro Volcanic Centre developed over the last 275,000 years and contains the active andesitic volcanic cones of Ruapehu, Tongariro, and Ngauruhoe (really a side cone of Tongariro). Ruapehu erupts about once a decade, and while the eruptions cause havoc for skiers, plane flights and hydroelectric dams, the eruptions are relatively minor. However, the sudden collapse of the crater wall caused major problems when it generated a lahar in 1953, that destroyed a rail bridge,

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: was raised from green to yellow. On 29 April, Geonet issued a volcanic alert reporting that Crater Lake's temperature has risen to 40 °C, up from 25 °C in mid-April. An earthquake swarm has also been recorded under Crater Lake. On 11 May the volcanic alert level was raised to level 2 and the aviation colour code was changed from green to yellow. Ruapehu has two commercial ski fields, Whakapapa on the northern side and Turoa on the southern slope. They are the two largest ski fields in New Zealand, with Whakapapa the larger. The club Tukino field is on

title: Mount Tarawera

text: was felt and followed by the sound of an explosion. By 2:30 am Mount Tarawera's three peaks had erupted, blasting three distinct columns of smoke and ash thousands of metres into the sky. At around 3.30 am, the largest phase of the eruption commenced; vents at Rotomahana produced a pyroclastic surge that destroyed several villages within a 6 kilometre radius, and the Pink and White Terraces appeared to be obliterated. The eruption was heard clearly as far away as Blenheim and the effects of the ash in the air were observed as far south as Christchurch, over 800 km away.

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: in full flood, just before an express train crossed it. It was already known that the river had partially undermined one of the bridge piers and the lahar finished the job, causing the bridge to collapse. Although warned of the collapsed bridge, the train driver was unable to stop the train in time and six of the carriages fell into the river. Spectacular eruptions occurred during 1995 and 1996. Ruapehu had been showing signs of increased activity since late November 1994, with elevated Crater Lake temperatures and a series of eruptions that increased in intensity over about nine months. Several

title: Volcanology of New Zealand

text: not stop in time, and 151 lives were lost. This was ultimately caused by Ruapehu's 1945 eruption, which had emptied the crater lake and dammed the outlet with tephra. Effects can be widespread even for eruptions of only moderate size. Ash plumes from Ruapehu's 1996 eruption forced the closure of eleven airports, including Auckland International Airport. Insurance against volcanic damage (along with other natural disasters) is provided by the country's Earthquake Commission. The Māori had many myths and legends regarding the land's volcanic mountains. Perhaps the most well known regards the location of Taranaki, Tongariro and Pihanga as they stand

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: corrosion on the turbine blades which had to be rebuilt. Episodic eruptions continued until the end of November 1995. Within hours of a major eruption during the night being reported on 25 September 1995, news media were trying to get live video of the eruption and amateur photographers had published eruption images on the World Wide Web. A web camera, dubbed the world's first "Volcano Cam", was set up. Since then Ruapehu has been monitored by at least one and sometimes several volcano cams. Another, smaller, eruption phase began on the morning of 17 June 1996. Despite a series of

title: Tongariro National Park

text: Volcanic processes have been building the mountains of Tongariro National Park for over two million years. Three volcanoes (Tongariro, Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu) remain active, while the park's two northernmost volcanoes (Pihanga and the Kakaramea-Tihia Massif) last erupted over 20,000 years ago. They have however produced significant historic mudflows. Erosion and deposition by mountain glaciers has also played an important role in shaping Tongariro and Ruapehu volcanoes. Small glaciers are present on the summit of Mt. Ruapehu today, however there is abundant geomorphological evidence for more extensive glaciation in the recent geological past. Glaciers were last present on Tongariro during the

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: the Dome Shelter near the crater. The rock crashed into the Dome Shelter, landed on the man and was too heavy for his companion to lift off. Two lahars that travelled down the mountain activated warning signals from the lahar warning system and prompted the evacuation of some ski lodges on the mountain and the closure of roads in the area. The eruption was accompanied by a 7-minute-long earthquake, measuring 2.9 on the Richter Scale. On 2 May 2008, a level-1 warning was issued after GNS scientists who were monitoring the lake found irregular signs of volcanic activity. This included

title: Putauaki

text: are donated to charity. The last substantial volcanic eruption occurred around 300 BCE, producing a cubic kilometre of lava. Captain James Cook named the mountain "Mount Edgecumbe" on 2 November 1769, possibly in honour of John Edgecombe, the sergeant of marines on his vessel, the "Endeavour". The mountain's official name changed back to Putauaki in 1925. The New Zealand government took part of the mountain from the Ngāti Awa people in the 1880s as part of a series of North Island land confiscations, supposedly for the purposes of military settlement. In a 1999 report the Waitangi Tribunal declared the confiscation

title: 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera

text: Piripai, Pukekiore, Otuapane, Te Tapahoro, Te Wairoa, Totarariki, and Waingongogo were buried or destroyed. The official death toll was reported as 150, and many more were displaced, making the eruption the most deadly in New Zealand history. Te Wairoa is now a tourist attraction called "The Buried Village". Many people survived by sheltering in Te Wairoa's stronger buildings. 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera The most recent eruption of Mount Tarawera occurred in the early hours of 10 June 1886 in the North Island, New Zealand. It is the deadliest eruption in New Zealand since the arrival of Europeans. Up to

title: 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera

text: The eruption was heard as far as Blenheim. Earthquakes and lightning occurred at the same time. The eruption split the mountain and created the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley, which lies at the south-western end of the rift created on June 10, 1886. The famed Pink and White Terraces, natural wonders of New Zealand, were until 2017 thought destroyed. Recent research using a forgotten 1859 survey has suggested possible locations of the Pink and White Terraces. The land was covered with millions of tonnes of volcanic ash, mud and debris on average thick. The Māori settlements of Moura, Te Koutu, Kokotaia,

title: Geology of New Zealand

text: in Chile, Alaska and Japan. There are many potentially dangerous volcanoes in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. The most severe volcanic eruption since the arrival of Europeans is the Tarawera eruption in 1886. A lahar from Mount Ruapehu derailed a train in 1955 killing 151 people. Even a minor eruption at Ruapehu could cause the loss of electricity for Auckland, due to ash on the power lines, and in the Waikato River (stopping the generation of hydroelectric power). Many parts of New Zealand are susceptible to landslides, particaly due to deforestaion and the high earthquake risk. Much of the North Island

title: Mount Tongariro

text: to the Department of Conservation's Ketetahi Hut, which is located west of the Te Māri Craters. There was no official evacuation but 24 people living along State Highway 46 fled their homes for fear of being isolated. Mount Tongariro erupted again at 1:20 pm on 21 November, ejecting an ash cloud 4000 metres into the air. Flights in the area were cancelled, as were several the following morning. Geologists had no warning before the eruption, saying it wasn't linked to warnings the week before of elevated activity at nearby Mount Ruapehu. Mount Tongariro Mount Tongariro (; ) is a compound

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: area. By 3 p.m. there were still over 100 cars in the Whakapapa car park and those who had not been able to leave by that point were told to settle in for the night. All cars were able to leave safely the next morning. The glaciers on Mount Ruapehu are the only glaciers in the North Island. They are all small, less than in length. There are eighteen glaciers including one within the crater; the largest are the Mangatoetoenui, Summit Plateau and Whangaehu Glaciers. Some scenes of the fictional Mordor and Mount Doom in Peter Jackson's "The Lord of

title: Hauhungatahi

text: Hauhungatahi Hauhungatahi is an eroded volcano at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand, located about WNW of Mount Ruapehu. Although relatively little-known, at Hauhungatahi is one of the highest volcanoes in New Zealand, exceeded in elevation by only Ruapehu, Taranaki/Egmont (including Fanthams Peak), and the Tongariro massif (including Ngauruhoe). The volcano is constructed atop an upfaulted block of Mesozoic marine sediments. The age of the erupted andesite lava is about 900,000 years, making Hauhungatahi more than three times as old as the neighboring Ruapehu. The volcano is located in the western part of Tongariro National

title: Volcanology of New Zealand

text: (alongside the Tianchi eruption of Baekdu at around 1000 and the 1815 eruption of Tambora). The resulting ash turned the sky red over Rome and China. Mount Tarawera's eruption around 1310 CE, while not nearly as large, was still substantial, producing 2.5 km³ of lava and 5 km³ of tephra (VEI 5). Because its deposits, stretching from Gisborne to the Bay of Islands, were emplaced around the time that Māori permanently settled New Zealand, they have provided a useful archaeological marker. Tarawera erupted again on 10 June 1886, spewing ash and debris over , destroying the Pink and White Terraces

title: Ice-marginal lava flow

text: left behind massive lava cliffs. Ruapehu Volcano Mount Ruapehu is the tallest mountain on the Northern island of New Zealand. The massive stratovolcano is an excellent example of how scientists put historic glacial periods and volcanism together. Ice-marginal lava flows are a keystone in Ruapehu’s history and are well displayed in the Wahainoa Lava Formation (Figure 4). The characteristic columnar jointing and massively thick lava barriers are evidence of major ice-marginal lava flows. Scientists have determined through geochronology that the volcano erupted about 15-51 thousand years ago and the lava flow came into contact with the surrounding valley floor glaciers

title: Geology of New Zealand

text: and caused 151 deaths at Tangiwai. The last significant eruption was 1995–96. Ngauruhoe last erupted 1973–75. Taranaki is a perfectly formed andesitic strato-volcano, that last erupted in 1755. Lake Taupo, the largest lake in the North Island, is a volcanic caldera, responsible for rhyolitic eruptions about once every 1,000 years. The largest eruption in the last 65,000 years was the cataclysmic Oruanui Eruption 26,500 years ago, producing 530 cubic kilometres of magma. The most recent eruption, around 233 AD was also a major event, the biggest eruption worldwide in the last 5,000 years. The eruption caused a pyroclastic flow that

title: Mount Ruapehu

text: At about 8:20 p.m. on 25 September 2007, a hydrothermal eruption occurred without warning.  William Pike, a 22-year-old primary school teacher, had a leg crushed by a rock during the eruption and a rescue operation was mounted to rescue him from the Dome Shelter near the crater. The rock crashed into the Dome Shelter, landed on the man and was too heavy for his companion to lift off.

title: Mount Ruapehu