question: where was the movie the glass castle filmed

answers: in Welch, West Virginia

answers: Welch, West Virginia

title: The Glass Castle (film)

text: The Glass Castle (film) The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham, and Marti Noxon, based on Jeannette Walls' 2005 best selling memoir of the same name. Depicting Walls' real-life childhood spent squatting in homes and living in poverty, the film stars Brie Larson as Walls with Naomi Watts, Woody Harrelson, Max Greenfield, and Sarah Snook in supporting roles. "The Glass Castle" was released on August 11, 2017, by Lionsgate and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances of its cast (particularly Larson and Harrelson)

title: The Glass Castle

text: The Glass Castle The Glass Castle is a 2005 memoir by Jeannette Walls. The book recounts the unconventional, poverty-stricken upbringing Walls and her siblings had at the hands of their deeply dysfunctional parents. The title refers to her father’s long held intention of building his dream house, a glass castle. The memoir spent over 260 weeks in hardcover on "The New York Times" Best Seller list and it remains on the list (now in paperback form) as of the list dated June 3, 2018, having persisted for 421 weeks. By late 2007, "The Glass Castle" had sold over 2.7 million

title: Castle of Glass

text: Castle of Glass "Castle of Glass" is a song written by American rock band Linkin Park for their fifth studio album, "Living Things". The song was produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin. The song was released as a promotional single for Danger Close Games's 2012 release, "", as with Linkin Park's previous contribution to the "Medal of Honor" series, "The Catalyst". The single was released on February 2, 2013 in physical format and on March 22, 2013 it was released as a digital single on iTunes. A Mike Shinoda remix is featured on Linkin Park's second remix

title: The Glass House, Castlecrag

text: The Glass House, Castlecrag The Glass House is an heritage-listed domestic dwelling located at 80 The Bulwark, Castlecrag, City of Willoughby, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Bill Lucas. It is also known as Glasshouse; Bill Lucas House. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 21 October 2016. The Glass House was designed by Sydney architect Bill Lucas and completed in 1957. It was designed as a home for Lucas to share with his wife, fellow architect Ruth Lucas, and their children, and as a studio for their architectural practice. Lucas was born

title: The Glass Castle (film)

text: Principal photography began on May 20, 2016, in Welch, West Virginia.

title: The Glass Castle (film)

text: million. In North America, "The Glass Castle" was released alongside "" and "", and was projected to gross around $5 million from 1,461 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $1.7 million on its first day and $4.7 million over the weekend, finishing 9th at the box office. The film made $2.6 million in its second weekend (a drop of 45.5%), finishing 12th. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 50% based on 151 reviews, and an average rating of 6.0/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""The Glass Castle" has an affecting real-life

title: Glass Castle

text: Glass Castle Glass Castle (; also known as City of Glass) is a 2008 South Korean television series that aired on SBS from September 6, 2008, to March 1, 2009, on Saturdays and Sundays at 20:50 for 51 episodes. Yoon So-yi stars as an ambitious and tough reporter whose life and career take a turn after she falls for a charming and persistent suitor (played by Lee Jin-wook), and marries him. But her aspirations of becoming a great reporter are put on hold while she struggles with her new life as the daughter-in-law of a rich, influential but controlling chaebol

title: Crystal Castles

text: Kath sued Glass for defamation but his suit was dismissed by the court. Present members Former members Touring members Crystal Castles won the John Peel Award for Innovation at the Shockwaves NME Awards 2011. Crystal Castles Crystal Castles are a Canadian electronic music group formed in 2006 in Toronto, Ontario by founding members songwriter/producer Ethan Kath and songwriter/vocalist Alice Glass. Current band members consist of Ethan Kath and Edith Frances. Crystal Castles are known for their chaotic live shows and lo-fi melancholic homemade productions. They released many limited vinyl singles between 2006 and 2007 before releasing a trilogy of critically

title: The Glass Castle (film)

text: but criticized the mishandled tones and adaptation. The film grossed $21.8 million at the box office. The film portrays the unconventional, poverty-stricken upbringing Walls and her siblings had at the hands of their deeply dysfunctional parents. In April 2012, it was revealed that Lionsgate acquired the rights to the book and Jennifer Lawrence was in talks to star in the film. In October 2013, it was revealed that Destin Daniel Cretton was in talks to direct the film and re-write the screenplay with Andrew Lanham from a previous draft by Marti Noxon. In October 2015, Brie Larson joined the cast

title: Crystal Castles

text: in June 2008, where the on-stage antics of Glass which included her climbing the stage rigging and constantly stage-diving, led to the organisers curtailing their set. Crystal Castles toured with Nine Inch Nails in three dates in August 2008. Crystal Castles also played various European summer festivals including England's Reading and Leeds Festivals. They were expected to return to the UK in September 2008 for a headlining tour but dates were moved forward due to recording commitments. The band also played Connect 2008 and in October they played at the Iceland Airwaves festival. Over Halloween they played a gig in

title: Glassan

text: the castle on an island on the lake, the canals, woods, shipyards etc. Glassan Glassan or Glasson (), also "the Village of the Roses" is a small village in rural County Westmeath, Ireland. It is north of Athlone, on the N55 national secondary road, not far from the shores of Lough Ree. The village was established and laid out to serve Waterstown House, the remnants of which is located on a hill south east of the village. The Harris-Temple family lived in Waterstown House which was built in the 1740s. The village is laid out as a straight street without

title: The Glass Mountain (film)

text: The Glass Mountain (film) The Glass Mountain is a 1949 black and white British romantic film drama. It starred Michael Denison, Dulcie Gray and Valentina Cortese. The film was a popular success of its day, and was re-released in the UK in 1950 and 1953. It features acclaimed classical vocalist Tito Gobbi as himself, with the orchestra and chorus of the Venice Opera House. The theme music by Nino Rota is memorable, and was also a contemporary hit. It was mainly filmed on location in the Dolomites and at Venice's La Fenice Opera House. Co-producer Joseph Janni also co-produced another

title: Crystal Castles

text: Crystal Castles Crystal Castles are a Canadian electronic music group formed in 2006 in Toronto, Ontario by founding members songwriter/producer Ethan Kath and songwriter/vocalist Alice Glass. Current band members consist of Ethan Kath and Edith Frances. Crystal Castles are known for their chaotic live shows and lo-fi melancholic homemade productions. They released many limited vinyl singles between 2006 and 2007 before releasing a trilogy of critically acclaimed albums between 2008 and 2012. Producer Kath and vocalist Glass first collaborated in 2006 on the track "Alice Practice", a proof-of-concept which was initially shelved for six months. After being posted online, this

title: The Raven (Brothers Grimm)

text: hundred leagues of the castle, and the man walks the rest. As the man approached the glass mountain on which the golden castle stood, he could see the bewitched princess drive her carriage around the castle and go in. But the glass mountain was too slippery for him to climb, and he lived in a hut at the foot of the mountain for a year. One day he met three robbers fighting over three magical items: a stick that opened doors, an invisibility mantle, and a horse that could ride up the glass-mountain. The man offered them a mysterious reward

title: The Glass House, Castlecrag

text: has the capacity to represent the philosophies and physical characteristics of "Sydney School" residences in NSW. The Glass House, Castlecrag The Glass House is an heritage-listed domestic dwelling located at 80 The Bulwark, Castlecrag, City of Willoughby, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Bill Lucas. It is also known as Glasshouse; Bill Lucas House. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 21 October 2016. The Glass House was designed by Sydney architect Bill Lucas and completed in 1957. It was designed as a home for Lucas to share with his wife, fellow architect

title: The Glass Castle (film)

text: for sanitizing books that deserve better. In the case of "The Glass Castle", it's a damn shame." Richard Roeper of "Chicago Sun-Times" also gave the film two out of four stars and was equally as critical for how the material was presented, writing: "...a film that presents overwhelming evidence of Rex and Rose Mary as appalling human beings for 90 percent of the journey, and then asks us to give them a break? No sale." The Glass Castle (film) The Glass Castle is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton and written by Cretton, Andrew Lanham,

title: Destin Daniel Cretton

text: rewrite the script for "The Glass Castle", an adaptation of Jeannette Walls’ 2005 bestselling memoir about a successful young woman raised by severely dysfunctional parents. Her world gets turned upside down when they move to New York to be near her. Starring Brie Larson as Walls as an adult, the film also features Woody Harrelson and Naomi Watts as her alcoholic father and eccentric mother, respectively. Larson's role was originally considered by Jennifer Lawrence, but she dropped out while the studio was seeking the male lead. The film was released on August 10, 2017. In 2016, it was announced that

title: Alice Glass

text: food poisoning, but chose to perform anyway. Crystal Castles was infamously shut down at Glastonbury 2008 after Glass climbed a speaker stand just before "Alice Practice" and was swallowed by the crowd during "Yes No". Alice Glass Margaret Osborn (born 25 August 1988), known professionally as Alice Glass, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is the co-founder and former frontwoman of the electronic band Crystal Castles. In 2014, she embarked on a solo career. She released her eponymous debut EP in 2017. Alice Glass was born Margaret Osborn on 25 August 1988 in Toronto, Ontario. She was raised Catholic,

title: The Glass House (1972 film)

text: won the Golden Shell at the 1972 San Sebastián International Film Festival. The Glass House (1972 film) The Glass House is a 1972 American made-for-television drama film starring Alan Alda, Vic Morrow and Clu Gulager, directed by Tom Gries. It originally aired on CBS on February 4, 1972. A college professor convicted of manslaughter and a prison guard both start their first day in the same prison. Filming took place at Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah, 20 miles outside of Salt Lake City. Tom Gries won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or

title: Crystal Castles II

text: Ethan Kath in a variety of locations including an abandoned church in Iceland, a self-built cabin in northern Ontario, a garage behind an abandoned drug store in Detroit, as well as Paul Epworth's London studio. Of the experience, Kath said, "I recorded most of the record in the coldest winter in decades in a church without heat in Iceland. It was so cold that when I listen back I can hear myself shivering. I chose it because it felt right". In December 2009, Kath gave vocalist Alice Glass a CD-R containing 70 instrumental tracks, for which she then recorded vocals

title: The Glass House (1972 film)

text: The Glass House (1972 film) The Glass House is a 1972 American made-for-television drama film starring Alan Alda, Vic Morrow and Clu Gulager, directed by Tom Gries. It originally aired on CBS on February 4, 1972. A college professor convicted of manslaughter and a prison guard both start their first day in the same prison. Filming took place at Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah, 20 miles outside of Salt Lake City. Tom Gries won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special in 1972 for directing this TV movie. The film also

title: Crystal Castles

text: LA that involved Alice Glass wrecking the drum kit. They supported Blur on the first of two comeback shows in Hyde Park, London in July 2009. They also performed at Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival in Manchester, Tennessee Friday June 12, 2009. Back in Toronto in July, Crystal Castles performed at the Sound Academy as part of the TIME Festival. Crystal Castles also played the NME stage of Reading and Leeds Festival 2010, the Obelisk Arena of Latitude Festival 2010, Glastonbury 2010, RockNess 2010, Pohoda Festival in Trenčín, Slovakia, Exit Festival in Novi Sad, Serbia, Emmabodafestivalen in Emmaboda, Sweden, In

title: The Glass Mountain (film)

text: film shot in Italy, the comedy "Honeymoon Deferred", in 1951. "The Guardian" wrote, "most reference books now deride the film, but at a time when Britain was emerging from the war into a period of grey austerity, The Glass Mountain and movies like it were a popular tonic. Set in the beautiful Dolomite mountains, with graceful performers and a nostalgically slow pace, it was one of the most successful British films to that date. The part of the composer was taken by Denison, with whom (Dulcie) Gray starred on stage and screen so many times that the Denisons became one

title: The Glass Mountain (fairy tale)

text: The Glass Mountain (fairy tale) "The Glass Mountain" (Aarne–Thompson type 530) is a Polish fairy tale collected by Hermann Kletke. Andrew Lang included it in "The Yellow Fairy Book". The name also appears as a mythical location in a different story, "Old Rinkrank", one of the original Brothers Grimm fairytales. ("Glassberg" or "Glasberg" in the original German.) The Polish story begins with: On a glass mountain grew a tree with golden apples. An apple would let the picker into the golden castle where an enchanted princess lived. Many knights had tried and failed, so that many bodies lay about the

title: Castle of Glass

text: passive and doesn’t leave you feeling very inspired." The song was nominated for the "Best Song in a Game" award at the 2012 Spike Video Game Awards. The music video for "Castle of Glass" was recorded on August 1, 2012 and it contains footage from the first-person shooter video game "". It was released on Linkin Park's YouTube channel, linkinparktv, on October 10, 2012. The music video shows a young boy being told that his father has been killed in action. He and his mother mourn the death as the fallen SEALs teammates and their families try to comfort them.

title: Alice Glass

text: Alice Glass Margaret Osborn (born 25 August 1988), known professionally as Alice Glass, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is the co-founder and former frontwoman of the electronic band Crystal Castles. In 2014, she embarked on a solo career. She released her eponymous debut EP in 2017. Alice Glass was born Margaret Osborn on 25 August 1988 in Toronto, Ontario. She was raised Catholic, attending parochial school up until junior high. At age 15, she ran away from home to live in a squat community of punks under the name Vicki Vale (after the comic book character) and started

title: The Castle (1997 Australian film)

text: at 3 Dagonet St, Strathmore, and airport footage was shot at Essendon Airport and Melbourne Airport. Location shots of Brunswick feature in the film, including Brunswick Town Hall and Rocky Porcino Pharmacy at 720 Sydney Rd (Dennis's office). Melbourne's 200 Queen Street and the Supreme Court of Victoria are featured along with the High Court of Australia in Canberra. Some of the film is set in Bonnie Doon, and a very small portion of it was shot there. The name Kerrigan was chosen for the family so that tow trucks for the film could be borrowed from an existing Melbourne

title: The Glass Mountain (film)

text: arias." "Time Out" called it "solidly directed, lavishly mounted romantic tosh." "Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide" described it as a "beautifully made film of a British composer who writes an opera, inspired by majestic Italian Alps. A treat for music lovers, with many singers from La Scala appearing in opera sequence." The Glass Mountain (film) The Glass Mountain is a 1949 black and white British romantic film drama. It starred Michael Denison, Dulcie Gray and Valentina Cortese. The film was a popular success of its day, and was re-released in the UK in 1950 and 1953. It features acclaimed

title: Alice Glass

text: the band their first record deal with Merok Records in London. The same year, Crystal Castles played their first live show at Clinton's Tavern in Toronto. "Alice Practice" was eventually featured on their eponymous debut album released in 2008. Glass topped "NME"s Cool List that year, and responded to it by criticizing the idea of the cool list itself. The duo followed their debut album with two more critically acclaimed albums: "II" (2010) and "III" (2012), completing a trilogy. Glass co-wrote every Crystal Castles song she contributed vocals to. In October 2014, Glass announced her departure from Crystal Castles due

title: Castle of Glass

text: of Honor" philosophy, "Castle of Glass" highlights the emotional realities soldiers and their families face far from the battlefield. The video ends with a quote from Winston Churchill, shown in all-caps: "All great things are simple, "and many can be expressed in single words: "freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope. The music video for "Castle of Glass" is also dedicated to the movie The Messenger as Bennington's favorite movie. The band's part of the music video was filmed entirely in front of a green screen, with the production being handled by Mothership and Digital Domain. Its post-production relied heavily on

title: The Glass Castle (film)

short_answers:
Welch, West Virginia
in Welch, West Virginia


question: who grows the most coffee in the world

answers: Brazil

title: Coffee Bloom

text: Coffee Bloom Coffee Bloom is a 2014 Indian romantic drama film directed by debutant director Manu Warrier. It stars Arjun Mathur and Sugandha Garg in lead roles. The film is produced by Speaking Tree Productions. It tells the story of a young man Dev, who sells his family coffee estate as a statement underlining his renunciation of the world. The film was premiered at Mumbai Film Festival, organized by Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image (MAMI), last year under the 'New Faces of Indian Cinema' category. The film was released in India, USA and UK on 6 March 2015. Dev,

title: Mariano Ospina Rodríguez

text: the best coffees in the world, the Coffea arabica species. After his presidency, in 1862, he and his brother Pastor escaped from prison (imprisoned by the dictator Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera) into exile. They were granted asylum in Guatemala and there they planted coffee and operated a "Scientific and Industrial College". By 1865, he had expanded his coffee enterprise to Guatemala and, in so doing, became one of the first coffee growing pioneers in Central America. With his vast experience and knowledge about the cultivation of coffee, he devoted himself to promoting and teaching the growing of coffee to the

title: World Coffee Research

text: in order to preserve biodiversity the organization is collecting wild and cultivated varieties from Ethiopia and South Sudan. World Coffee Research World Coffee Research is a non-profit research and development program. The organization was founded with participation or funds from thirty coffee industry groups including the Specialty Coffee Association of America, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Peet's Coffee & Tea, Counter Culture Coffee, the coffee importers InterAmerican Coffee, and specialty coffee providers Coffee Bean International. Geneticist Timothy Schilling is the Executive Director of the organization which is part of the Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture at Texas A&M University. The

title: Colombian coffee growing axis

text: - the Wax Palm, which grows up to 60 metres tall. Colombian coffee growing axis The Colombian coffee Region (), also known as the Coffee Triangle () is a part of the Colombian Paisa region in the rural area of Colombia. It is famous for growing and producing majority of Colombian coffee, considered by many to be the best coffee in the world. There are four departments in the area: Caldas, Quindío Risaralda and Tolima. The most visited cities are Manizales, Armenia Pereira and Ibague Coffee was first grown commercially in Colombia in Salazar de las Palmas, north of Santander,

title: Coffee

text: Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, however Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds.  Indonesia is the third-largest coffee exporter overall and the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil.

title: Astrid Medina

text: with guerrillas. In 2014, Medina started to produce speciality coffee under a scheme for developing late-harvest coffee launched by the National Federation of Coffee Growers. On 13 March 2015, she won the annual Cup of Excellence award for Colombian coffee in a ceremony held in Ibagué, the departmental capital of Tolima. The judges commented on the coffee's "creamy body with sweet and fruity notes". Medina subsequently reported that the award had changed her life, as her speciality coffee sold for over 10 times the normal price of Arabica. The profits have allowed her to improve the farm's infrastructure, to travel

title: Coffea

text: 2008 and 2009, researchers from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew named seven from the mountains of northern Madagascar, including "C. ambongensis", "C. boinensis", "C. labatii", "C. pterocarpa", "C. bissetiae," and "C. namorokensis." In 2008, two new species were discovered in Cameroon. "Coffea charrieriana", which is caffeine-free, and "Coffea anthonyi". By crossing the new species with other known coffees, two new features might be introduced to cultivated coffee plants: beans without caffeine and self-pollination. In 2014, the coffee genome was published, with more than 25,000 genes identified. This revealed that coffee plants make caffeine using a different set of genes from

title: Coffee

text: final competition each year. The competition includes the following events: Barista Championship, Brewers Cup, Latte Art and Cup Tasters. A World Brewer's Cup Championship takes place in Melbourne, Australia, every year that houses contestants from around the world to crown the World's Coffee King. Organizations: Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain "Coffea" species. The genus "Coffea" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries,

title: Coffea

text: in the tropics, coffee is a vigorous bush or small tree that usually grows to a height of . Most commonly cultivated coffee species grow best at high elevations, but do not tolerate freezing temperatures. The tree of "Coffea arabica" will grow fruits after three to five years, producing for an average of 50 to 60 years, although up to 100 is possible. The white flowers are highly scented. The fruit takes about 9 months to ripen. The caffeine in coffee "beans" serves as a toxic substance protecting the seeds of the plant, a form of natural plant defense against

title: Coffee production in Costa Rica

text: produce the most desirable coffee beans in Costa Rica. In 2012, Tarrazú Geisha coffee became the most expensive coffee sold by Starbucks in 48 of their stores in the United States, using the Clover automated French press. The Agriculture and Livestock Ministry and the Costa Rican Coffee Institute organise an annual festival: National Coffee Day, during which a producer is awarded the Cup of Excellence for the highest quality of coffee produced in Costa Rica. The winner sells their coffee through an auction to the international community. The major growing regions and season are illustrated in the table below. The

text: His return to the Federation marked the reappearance of one of Colombia's most important coffee names in an active role in the industry. Under Ospina Pérez' aegis, the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia successfully consolidated the nation's coffee industry and promoted it in the world markets to great effect. Colombia became the largest producer of prime "Coffea arabica" coffee in the world. He laid a very solid corporative foundation, and today, the Colombian Coffee Federation congregates and supports over 500,000 independent coffee growers and small farmers. The general managers or directors of the National Federation of Coffee Growers

title: World Coffee Research

text: World Coffee Research World Coffee Research is a non-profit research and development program. The organization was founded with participation or funds from thirty coffee industry groups including the Specialty Coffee Association of America, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Peet's Coffee & Tea, Counter Culture Coffee, the coffee importers InterAmerican Coffee, and specialty coffee providers Coffee Bean International. Geneticist Timothy Schilling is the Executive Director of the organization which is part of the Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture at Texas A&M University. The organization funds and facilitates research relating to enhancing and protecting varieties of coffee as a commodity. For example,

title: Coffee

text: Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain "Coffea" species. The genus "Coffea" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are "C. arabica" and "C. robusta". Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as "beans") are roasted to varying

title: George Howell (entrepreneur)

text: Achievement Award to George Howell in 1996. “Mr. Howell (is) a walking encyclopedia of coffee.”—Florence Fabricant, food columnist for The New York Times, 1993. “More than perhaps any other roaster in the country, the Coffee Connection focuses on selling the most quintessential example from each coffee-producing country. [George Howell] is trying to purify and identify the core essence of each origin: What is it that makes Guatemala Antigua so good?”—The Perfect Cup by Timothy James Castle (Aris Books, 1991). “Back in 1994, before George Howell sold … the Coffee Connection … to Starbucks, he had the best selection of green

title: Coffee production in Papua New Guinea

text: Coffee production in Papua New Guinea Coffee production in Papua New Guinea is the country’s second largest agricultural export, after oil palm, and employs approximately 2.5 million people. It accounts for approximately 1% of world production, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Coffee is the highest foreign exchange earner for Papua New Guinea, the majority of which is grown in the Eastern Highland Province, the Western Highland Province, and Simbu. With the industry not derived on a colonial plantation-based system, production is largely by small farmers with land holdings that grow as little as 20

title: World Coffee Producers Forum

text: The first forum was held in Medellín, Colombia, in July of 2017 and consisted of over 1,300 attendees from 41 different coffee-producing countries. Speakers and panelists included industry leaders, economists, analysts, leaders of several Latin American countries, as well as former US President Bill Clinton. The focus of the forum was the intersection of coffee and sustainable development, specifically economic sustainability, rural development and socioeconomic indicators, and adaptation to climate change. The forum explored these topics through moderated panel discussions on the first day and focused working groups on the second day. This conversational structure of the forum was meant

title: History of coffee

text: be the finest coffee grown in the shade rather than direct sunlight anywhere in the world. There are approximately 250,000 coffee growers in India; 98% of them are small growers. As of 2009, the production of coffee in India was only 4.5% of the total production in the world. Almost 80% of the country's coffee production is exported. Of that which is exported, 70% is bound for Germany, Russian federation, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands and France, and Italy accounts for 29% of the exports. Most of the export is shipped through the Suez Canal. Coffee is

title: Coffee Bloom

text: Automated". Several reviews praised the performance of the lead actors. The Soundtrack was composed by Prasad Ruparel and the lyrics were penned by Pranab Gohain. Coffee Bloom Coffee Bloom is a 2014 Indian romantic drama film directed by debutant director Manu Warrier. It stars Arjun Mathur and Sugandha Garg in lead roles. The film is produced by Speaking Tree Productions. It tells the story of a young man Dev, who sells his family coffee estate as a statement underlining his renunciation of the world. The film was premiered at Mumbai Film Festival, organized by Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image

title: Su Friedrich

text: Guatemalan countryside, we follow the bean from the exporter in Guatemala City, to the importer in Charleston, SC, then on to the roaster in Queens before it ends up in the Manhattan pushcart. Rather than make a traditional social documentary, Friedrich made a film that echoed her own experience, "which was that of being stunned by the unimaginable scale and complexity of the coffee industry and the often grueling physical labor required to get those seedling to eventually yield a cup of coffee." During the making of the film Friedrich became a supporter of the fair trade coffee movement, and

title: Mexico Real Cafe

text: German and Italian immigrants relocated from different Central American countries. During the 19th century coffee was introduced in Chiapas in particular in the south region. Given its location, rainforest climate, coffee production and landscapes this region has become a tourist attraction. The area where the coffee plantations are located is the rainiest in Mexico. In 2000, Mexico was among the biggest cultivators of organic coffee beans in the world. Coffee yields continue to vary widely in Mexico due to variations in crop care and weather. Reports have indicated that about 98 percent of the coffee produced in Mexico is of

title: Ulrica Arfvidsson

text: of coffee leaves. Thereby earning the nickname "Kaffepytissan" (The Coffee Seeress). During this time, several professional female fortune tellers supported themselves by this method, and they were commonly referred to as "coffee goddesses", but Arfvidsson became the most successful of her trade. She had two assistants. One was the former domestic of her childhood home, Maja Persdotter. The other has been called Adrophia, Adotia and Adrecka Dordi (d. 1800), who was of African origin and described as a Turkish woman from Morocco, which was seen as exotic. Nothing is known of her origin other than that she had arrived to

title: National Coffee Park

text: one million visitors in 2017. The idea for a coffee museum came after Diego Arango Mora and his wife Margarita visited the Sugar Museum in nearby Valle del Cauca Department. Margarita remarked that if the country had a museum dedicated to sugar, it should also have one dedicated to Colombia's best known export. Arango, a member of the Departmental Committee of Coffee Growers of Quindío, agreed and contacted Jorge Cárdenas Gutiérrez, the head of the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia, who was also receptive to the idea. When Arango was elected to chair the National Congress of Coffee

title: Todd Carmichael

text: 2011, and became an Official Selection at the Newport Beach Film Festival 2011. He is currently the host of his own reality/adventure series on the Travel Channel entitled "Dangerous Grounds", where he travels to the most remote and renowned coffee-producing regions of the world, sourcing for La Colombe. The television show premiered on November 5, 2012, and immediately received favorable ratings and reviews. Dangerous Grounds is now in its third season of production, set to premiere on February 26, 2015. Carmichael was a prolific contributor to "Esquire Magazine"'s "Eat Like a Man" blog, where he covered subjects mainly related to

title: Coffee in world cultures

text: coffee across the world. The heritage of coffee grown all around the world can be found in the forests of Ethiopia, where the theory of its origins also resides. According to local legend, a goat herder named Kaldi saw his goats eating coffee "berries". This caused them to gain extreme amounts of energy, preventing them from sleeping at night. He brought this information to local monks, who created a drink with the coffee beans. One monk who drank the concoction found that it allowed him to stay up all night and pray. As this information spread to other Ethiopian monks,

title: History of coffee

text: from the Indonesian Archipelago. The colloquial name for coffee, Java, comes from the time when most of Europe and America's coffee was grown in Java. Today Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producers in the world, mainly for export. However coffee is enjoyed in various ways around the archipelago like traditional "Kopi Ende" which is with ginger to fancy new ways in Jakartas many coffee shops like Anomali. The Philippines is one of the few countries that produces the four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica (Barako), Excelsa and Robusta. Climatic and soil conditions in the Philippines –

title: Coffee in world cultures

text: is an espresso made with sugar. A less sweet version is the coradito, an espresso with steamed milk. Although Canada consumes more coffee than the United States, the populations of both countries enjoy quick, fast, and sugary consumptions of coffee. Both are dominated by coffee chains (e.g. Tim Horton's and Starbucks), yet have different coffee cultures from region to region. For example, the Northeastern U.S. mostly wants fast coffee (e.g. Dunkin Donuts "Everybody runs on Dunkin" slogan). While places like Portland, OR and San Francisco, CA have developed a more hipster-esque style café-roaster coffee culture. Coffee culture is a relatively

title: Ospina Coffee Company

text: had been granted political asylum by the Guatemalan government. They settled in the Pacific piedmont region called "“Costa Cuca”", where they established their main coffee plantation "“Las Mercedes”". This coffee plantation became known throughout Central America as the most productive and best managed. Mariano Ospina Rodríguez returned to Colombia with his wife Enriqueta and their children in October 1871. They relocated in the town of Fredonia, Antioquia, where they continued with their coffee business, enterprise and plantations. In 1880, the National Press (of Colombia) published the first instruction manual for coffee growing, written by Ospina Rodríguez, titled "“Cultivo del Café:

title: Specialty Coffee Association of Indonesia

text: to develop Indonesia coffee industry. Indonesia is the fourth largest exporter of coffee in the world, with production of 648.000 metric tons (10.8 million bags) of coffee in 2017 (ICO Monthly Coffee Market Report December 2017). Of this total, around 70% exported and the rest were consumed domestically. Of the exports, 25% are "Coffea arabica" and the balance is "Coffea canephora". The specialty coffee market is the best opportunity for growth in Indonesia's coffee industry. In the U.S., specialty coffee has increased its market share from 1% to 20% in the last 25 years. Also, because of the uniqueness of

title: Economics of coffee

text: billion coffee plants; it is a more labour-intensive culture than alternative cultures of the same regions as sugar cane or cattle, as it is not subject to automation and requires constant attention. Coffee is a major export commodity: it was the top agricultural export for twelve countries in 2004, the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value in 2005, and "the second most valuable commodity exported by developing countries," from 1970 to circa 2000. This last fact is frequently misstated; see coffee commodity market. Further, green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world, and

title: Coffee production in India

text: then to Arabia (Yemen). The earliest history is traced to 875 AD according to the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, and the original source to Ethiopia (Abyssinia) from where it was brought to Arabia in the 15th century. In the Indian context, coffee growing started with an Indian Muslim saint, Baba Budan, who, while returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca, smuggled seven coffee beans (by hiding them in his beard) from Yemen to Mysore in India. He planted them on the Chandragiri Hills (), now named after the saint as Baba Budan Giri (‘Giri’ means “hill”) in Chikkamangaluru district. It was

title: Coffee


question: when are the next commonwealth games going to be held

answers: 2022

title: 2010 Commonwealth Games

text: the 1990 and 1994 Commonwealth Games but lost to Auckland and Victoria respectively. The Hamilton bid was Canada's attempt to hold the games for the fifth time. The organisation of 2010 Commonwealth Games was beset by delays: in January 2010, the Indian Olympic Association vice-chairman Raja Randhir Singh expressed concern that Delhi was not up to speed in forming and organising its games committee and, following a 2009 Indian Government report showing two-thirds of venues were behind schedule, Commonwealth Games Federation president Mike Fennell stated that the slow progress of preparations represented a serious risk to the event. Singh also

title: 2013 South Asian Games

text: chosen as host so that the sport infrastructure built for the 2010 Commonwealth Games remains in use. Initially, the Games were expected to be held in October, 2012. However, during the General Body meeting of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) on December 16, 2011, it was decided to postpone the Games to February, 2013. The primary concern highlighted was that the original plan meant that the Games would be held only two months after the 2012 Summer Olympics, a fact which made athletes uncomfortable. In addition, the Delhi Government had stated that "accommodation would be a problem during October-November". In

title: 2014 Commonwealth Games

text: to a standard which would continue to enhance the image and prestige of the Games." This put Glasgow ahead in terms of the technical comprehensiveness of its bid. The final decision on the host city of the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 9 November 2007 at the Commonwealth Games Federation General Assembly, attended by all 71 Commonwealth Games member associations. Each bid city made a presentation to the General Assembly, the order of which was determined by drawing lots. Glasgow's delegation was led by Louise Martin, chair of the Commonwealth Games Council for Scotland, First

text: Chronological summary of the 2014 Commonwealth Games The 2014 Commonwealth Games (officially the XX Commonwealth Games) were held in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August 2014. It is the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 countries and territories competing in 18 different sports, although the country previously hosted the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh. Over the last 10 years, however, Glasgow and Scotland had staged World, Commonwealth, European, or British events in all 18 sports proposed for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, including the World Badminton Championships in 1997. This

title: 2022 Commonwealth Games

text: The Games are expected to take place between 27 July and 7 August 2022.  The city was announced as the host at a press conference at the Arena Academy in Birmingham on 21 December 2017.

title: Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games

text: Indian Government released several months prior found that construction work on 13 out of the 19 sports venues was behind schedule. The Chief of the Indian Olympic Association shri Narendra Modi has also expressed his concerns regarding the current state of affairs. Singh has called for the revamp of the Organising Committee commenting that India now has to "retrieve the games". Other Indian officials have also expressed dismay at the ongoing delays but they have stated that they are confident that India will successfully host the games and do so on time. As the Times of India reports, all CWG

title: 2010 Commonwealth Games

text: of the 2010 Commonwealth Games (led by Suresh Kalmadi), to not release any staffer from their positions till the probe committee's work is finished. 2010 Commonwealth Games The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Delhi 2010, was an international multi-sport event that was held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events, making it the largest Commonwealth Games to date. It was also the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi

title: 2014 Commonwealth Games

text: hosted the Commonwealth Games. The deadline for formal submission of bids to the Commonwealth Games Federation, in the form of a Candidate City File, was set for May 2007. Both bids were highly recommended, though Glasgow's bid team had made use of extensive benchmarking against the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne and as a result, its bid was deemed technically superior according to the CGF Evaluation Report that was released in September 2007. The Commonwealth Games Evaluation Commission concluded that: "Glasgow has shown it has the ability to stage the 2014 Commonwealth Games

title: Commonwealth Games (The Goodies)

text: next Commonwealth Games are to be held). "August Bank Holiday Islands - where's that?" asked Graeme, to which the Minister for Sport replied: "Between Easter Island and Christmas Island." The Goodies are asked to train the British Commonwealth athletic team to top fitness, but the potential members of the team are all former Members of Parliament, and not athletes — they are also very old and fail the test, and the Goodies have to take their places in the team. Amongst the sporting equipment given to the Goodies are extremely heavy boots which, the Minister informs them, is to combat

title: 2026 Commonwealth Games

text: 2026 Commonwealth Games The 2026 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXIII Commonwealth Games, is a multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth to be organised in a city designated by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). The host city will be selected at the 2019 CGF General Assembly in Kigali, Rwanda. During the CGF General Assembly on 31 March 2017 in Gold Coast, the executive board announced that they had planned to award both 2026 and 2030 Commonwealth Games simultaneously at the CGF General Assembly in September 2019. The 71 Commonwealth Games Associations (CGAs) were informed of an 18-month-long consultative

text: Rebecca Adlington said that the water quality was absolutely fine. After the opening ceremony, the ground at the athletics arena was damaged, and the grass infield and the track was still being re-laid two hours before competition started. An Indian newspaper during the games reported that used condoms flushed down the toilets in the athlete's village had caused some drains to become blocked, necessitating action by plumbers to clear the pipes. Australian athletes have been accused of vandalizing the towers of the athletes' village they were staying in by breaking furniture and electrical fittings. Delhi Police did not press the

title: 2010 Commonwealth Games

text: stadium of the event. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. It was also the first time a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games, second in a country not presently headed by British monarch since Malaysia in 1998. The official mascot of the Games was "Shera" and the official song of the Games, "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto", was composed by Academy and Grammy awardee Indian recording artist A.R. Rahman. Preparation for the Games received widespread international media attention, with criticism

text: the Australian Commonwealth Games Organising Committee was quick to dismiss Fraser's fears with ACGA chief executive, Perry Crosswhite saying he believed there will be no security issues during the games event. John Coates, Australia's Olympic chief, came down hard on the organisers, alleging teams were being forced to temporary accommodation at hotels. "I don't think it is a cultural thing. When you agree to host [the Games], you are required to provide the basics in terms of health and hygiene for the athletes. The Games shouldn't have been awarded to Delhi in hindsight." A number of athletes withdrew from the

text: page contains a chronological summary of major events from the Games. The Opening Ceremony was held at 21:00 at Celtic Park in Glasgow, Scotland. Sports during Day 1 included cycling, gymnastics, judo, swimming, triathlon and weightlifting. Sports during Day 2 included cycling, gymnastics, judo, shooting, swimming and weightlifting. Sports during Day 3 included cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting, swimming, triathlon and weightlifting. Sports during Day 4 included athletics, cycling, lawn bowls, rugby sevens, shooting, swimming and weightlifting. Sports during Day 5 included athletics, badminton, lawn bowls, shooting, squash, swimming and weightlifting. Sports during Day 6 included athletics, cycling, gymnastics,

title: 2018 Commonwealth Games

text: claim which Channel 7 later refuted. 2018 Commonwealth Games The 2018 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Gold Coast 2018, were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that were held on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. It was the fifth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games and the first time a major multi-sport event achieved gender equality by having an equal number of events for males and female athletes. More than 4,400 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part

title: 2014 Commonwealth Games

text: 2014 Commonwealth Games The 2014 Commonwealth Games (), officially known as the XX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Glasgow 2014, (), was an international multi-sport event celebrated in the tradition of the Commonwealth Games as governed by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). It took place in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August 2014. Glasgow was selected as the host city on 9 November 2007 during CGF General Assembly in Colombo, Sri Lanka, defeating Abuja, Nigeria. It was the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in

title: Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games

text: ever." Canadian Secretary of State (Sport) Gary Lunn supported the Games as well, claiming the Canadian delegation would "not get influenced by the negative publicity" surrounding the games. He added the difficulties faced by large events are often exaggerated by the media, as Canada had found during the Vancouver Winter Olympics earlier in the year. Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games, were held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 nations in the Commonwealth of Nations competed in 272 events

title: Delhi

text: sports event held in India. The opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi at 7:00 pm Indian Standard Time on 3 October 2010. The ceremony featured over 8,000 performers and lasted for two and a half hours. It is estimated that were spent to produce the ceremony. Events took place at 12 competition venues. 20 training venues were used in the Games, including seven venues within Delhi University. The rugby stadium in Delhi University North Campus hosted rugby games for Commonwealth Games. The mess

title: 2018 Commonwealth Games

text: returned to the Commonwealth Games after being readmitted as a Commonwealth Games Federation member on 31 March 2018. The regulations stated that from the 26 approved sports administered by Commonwealth Governing Bodies, a minimum of ten core sports and maximum of seventeen sports must be included in any Commonwealth Games schedule. The approved sports included the 10 core sports: athletics, badminton, boxing, hockey, lawn bowls, netball (for women), rugby sevens, squash, swimming and weightlifting. Integrated disabled competitions were also scheduled for the Games in nine sports: swimming, athletics, cycling, table tennis, powerlifting and lawn bowls. Along with these events for

title: Commonwealth Games

text: and the Games are officially closed. The CGF president also speaks about the conduct of the games. The mayor of the city that organized the Games transfers the CGF flag to the president of the CGF, who then passes it on to the mayor of the city hosting the next Commonwealth Games. The next host nation then also briefly introduces itself with artistic displays of dance and theater representative of its culture. Many great artists and singers had performed at the ceremonies of the Commonwealth Games. At the closing ceremony of every Commonwealth Games the CGF President makes an award

text: city after the games have ended. Commonwealth Games celebrated in Australia Gold Coast bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games The Gold Coast bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games was a successful bid to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games by the city of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It beat the Hambantota bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games to host the games, which will be held over 11 days, with the opening ceremony on 4 April 2018, and the last day of competition and closing ceremony on 15 April 2018. On 22 August 2008, the Premier of Queensland, Anna Bligh, officially launched

title: 2018 Commonwealth Games

text: 2018 Commonwealth Games The 2018 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXI Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Gold Coast 2018, were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that were held on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, between 4 and 15 April 2018. It was the fifth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games and the first time a major multi-sport event achieved gender equality by having an equal number of events for males and female athletes. More than 4,400 athletes including 300 para-athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in the event. The Gambia which

text: of the Games. Four days before the start of the games, tickets for the opening, closing ceremonies, and the 100 m athletics were still not sold out. The Sydney Morning Herald wrote that despite Kalmadi's "blind optimism", the games were not going to be the best ever. Instead, it wrote that it was "probably the most interesting." The opening ceremony played a key role in improving the image of the Games. As athletes arrived and competitions started, many earlier critics changed their view. The Australian Sports Minister said that India could now aim for the Olympics, and the President of

text: 2014 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony The opening ceremony for the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held at Celtic Park in Glasgow, Scotland, between 21:00 and 23:40 BST, on 23 July 2014. The ceremony was directed by David Zolkwer and included the 2014 Commonwealth Games Parade of Nations where 71 athletes, bearing the flags of their respective nations and territories, led their national delegations as they paraded into the stadium. The games were formally opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. She referred to the Commonwealth's "shared ideals and ambitions" and the "bonds that unite" its members. The programme, which included about

title: 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games

text: the Villa Marina on 13 September. Isle of Man had unsuccessfully bid to host the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games, losing to the bid of India for Pune. In October 2008 the organising committee released a provisional events programme. All events were held between September 9 and 11, 2011 The 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games program featured seven sports, two fewer from previous Games in Pune. 64 commonwealth nations competed at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games. Fiji was barred from the Games as it was suspended from the Commonwealth. Both Norfolk Island and Vanuatu withdrew from the competition, as both Norfolk Island

title: Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games

text: Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games, were held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 nations in the Commonwealth of Nations competed in 272 events in 21 sports. The games were the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi and in India, eclipsing the 1982 Asian Games that Delhi hosted. Events took place at twelve competition venues, and twenty venues were set aside as training venues. Other venues in the games included the Commonwealth Games Village and the

title: Commonwealth Games

text: medal table is Australia, followed by England and Canada. The 2010 Commonwealth Games were held in Delhi, India. The Games cost $11 billion and are the most expensive Commonwealth Games ever. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India,also the first time that a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events. The final medal tally was led by Australia. The host nation India achieved

title: Commonwealth Games

text: benchmark for hosting the Commonwealth Games and for cities wishing to bid for them with a heavy emphasis on legacy. The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The only difference between the 2006 games and the 2002 games was the absence of Zimbabwe, which withdrew from the Commonwealth of Nations. For the first time in the history of the Games the Queen's Baton visited every single Commonwealth nation and territory taking part in the Games, a journey of 180,000 km (112,500 miles). Over 4000 athletes took part in the sporting competitions. Again the Top 3 on the

title: 2026 Commonwealth Games

text: bidding process for the 2026 and 2030 editions of the Games, under the new CGF Partnerships model. This step will allow the Commonwealth Sports Movement to capitalise on the Federation's innovative new Games delivery model, CGF Partnerships (CGFP) which aims to support host nations and cities and enhance the overall value of hosting the Games. 2026 Commonwealth Games The 2026 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXIII Commonwealth Games, is a multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth to be organised in a city designated by the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). The host city will be selected at the 2019

title: 2006 Commonwealth Games

text: in her capacity as Head of the Commonwealth. The Queen is also Head of State of a number of Commonwealth countries. Both the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the Yarra River were again centrepieces for the ceremony. Samresh Jung of India was given the David Dixon Award at the closing ceremony. He was the "Best Athlete of the 18th Commonwealth Games". The games were closed by , Prince Edward. The logo of the 2006 Commonwealth Games is an image of 2 figures, which represents sport and culture, achievement and excellence, while the colours green, yellow, and red represents celebratory, fresh and

title: 2022 Commonwealth Games


question: where can tight junctions be found in the body

answers: Internal epithelia

answers: the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

title: Cell communication (biology)

text: nervous system. Tight signals are just about what the sound like. The 2 cells are squished up against each other, directly connecting the 2 cells membranes, but the contents of the cell are not connected since there is no tube running between the cells. This type of cell connection takes place where certain fluids need to be contained in certain parts of the body like intestines, kidneys, and the bladder. This junction forms a water tight seal, prohibiting the fluids contained in these organs from circulating at will through the body. Desmosome cell junctions physically hold the cells together, but

title: Cell junction

text: extracellular fluid. Gap junctions play vital roles in the human body, including their role in the uniform contractile of the heart muscle. They are also relevant in signal transfers in the brain, and their absence shows a decreased cell density in the brain. Retinal and skin cells are also dependent on gap junctions in cell differentiation and proliferation. Found in vertebrate epithelia, tight junctions act as barriers that regulate the movement of water and solutes between epithelial layers. Tight junctions are classified as a paracellular barrier which is defined as not having directional discrimination; however, movement of the solute is

title: Drug delivery to the brain

text: allow larger molecules to pass between them. The structure of these tight junctions was first determined in the 1960s by Tom Reese, Morris Kranovsky and Milton Brightman. These tight junctions are formed through the tight apposition of the endothelial cells with one another. Furthermore, astrocytic, "end feet" "the terminal regions of the astrocytic processes surround the outside of the capillary endothelial cell". The astrocytes are glial cells that are restricted to the brain and spinal cord that work to maintain an appropriate environment for neural signaling. The connection between these glial and endothelial cells is not very well known but

title: Cell–cell interaction

text: type can only adhere to cells of the same tissue rather than to a different tissue. Tight junctions are multi-protein complexes that hold cells of a same tissue together and prevent movement of water and water-soluble molecules between cells. In epithelial cells, they function also to separate the extracellular fluid surrounding their apical and basolateral membranes. These junctions exist as a continuous band located just below the apical surface between the membranes of neighboring epithelial cells. The tight junctions on adjacent cells line up so as to produce a seal between different tissues and body cavities. For example, the apical

title: Tight junction

text: In human physiology there are two main types of epithelia using distinct types of barrier mechanism. Epidermal structures such as skin form a barrier from many layers of keratinized squamous cells. Internal epithelia on the other hand more often rely on tight junctions for their barrier function.  This kind of barrier is mostly formed by only one or two layers of cells. It was long unclear whether tight cell junctions also play any role in the barrier function of the skin and similar external epithelia but recent research suggests that this is indeed the case.

title: Tight junction

text: the case. Epithelia are classed as "tight" or "leaky", depending on the ability of the tight junctions to prevent water and solute movement: Tight junction Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or zonulae occludentes (singular, zonula occludens) are multiprotein junctional complexes whose general function is to prevent leakage of transported solutes and water and seals the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions may also serve as leaky pathways by forming selective channels for small cations, anions, or water. Tight junctions are present only in vertebrates. The corresponding junctions that occur in invertebrates are septate junctions. Tight junctions are composed of a

title: Cell adhesion

text: strength and resistance to mechanical stress by unloading forces onto the flexible but resilient intermediate filaments, something that cannot occur with the rigid actin filaments. This makes desmosomes important in tissues that encounter high levels of mechanical stress, such as heart muscle and epithelia, and explains why it appears frequently in these types of tissues. Tight junctions are normally present in epithelial and endothelial tissues, where they seal gaps and regulate paracellular transport of solutes and extracellular fluids in these tissues that function as barriers. Tight junction is formed by transmembrane proteins, including claudins, occludins and tricellulins, that bind closely

title: Cell communication (biology)

text: do not allow the cells to pass materials between each other like in gap junction. Desmosome junctions connect the cell with a thread like substance that also connect to the cytoskeleton aiding in the structural support of the cell. These types of junctions are found in areas of the body that undergo a lot of stress, require a lot of flexibility, and movement such as the epidermis and intestines. The breakdown of cell communication result in many forms of diseases and the different types of communication breakdown produce different diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the product when a signal is

title: Cell communication (biology)

text: with each other through a process called cell junction. Cell junction can happen in many forms, but the three main forms of cell junction are gap junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Gap junctions have a very crucial job that cause a tube to form between the 2 cells allowing in the transport of ions and water. Gap junction tubes help the cells to spread electrochemical signals from cell to cell. Electrochemical signals are the product of action potentials that occur in neurons and cardiac cells. Without gap junctions, we would not be able to have a beating heart or functioning

title: Tight junction

text: Tight junction Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or zonulae occludentes (singular, zonula occludens) are multiprotein junctional complexes whose general function is to prevent leakage of transported solutes and water and seals the paracellular pathway. Tight junctions may also serve as leaky pathways by forming selective channels for small cations, anions, or water. Tight junctions are present only in vertebrates. The corresponding junctions that occur in invertebrates are septate junctions. Tight junctions are composed of a branching network of sealing strands, each strand acting independently from the others. Therefore, the efficiency of the junction in preventing ion passage increases

title: Connexon

text: smaller units of connexons, called connexins, possibly leading to the onset of heart disease. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes, type I and II, affects similar locations within cells of the heart and pancreas. This location is the gap junction, where connexons facilitate rapid cell-to-cell interactions via electrical transmissions. Gap junctions are often present at nerve endings such as in cardiac muscle and are important in maintaining homeostasis in the liver and proper function of the kidneys.The gap junction itself is a structure that is a specialized transmembrane protein formed by a connexon hemichannel. Cardiovascular disease and possibly type I and II

title: Gap junction

text: junction gap between two cells. When viewed in the plane of the membrane by freeze-fracture techniques, higher-resolution distribution of connexons within the gap junction plaque is possible. Connexin free islands are observed in some junctions. The observation was largely without explanation until vesicles were shown by Peracchia using TEM thin sections to be systematically associated with gap junction plaques. Peracchia's study was probably also the first study to describe paired connexon structures, which he called somewhat simply a "globule". Studies showing vesicles associated with gap junctions and proposing the vesicle contents may move across the junction plaques between two cells

title: Intestinal epithelium

text: and cadherin families. They are located in the membrane at the contact points between the cells. They are formed by interactions between intracellular adapter proteins, transmembrane proteins and the actin cytoskeletons of the cells . Besides their role in linking adjacent cells, these complexes are important for regulating epithelial migration, cell polarity, and the formation of other cell junction complexes. Tight junctions, also called zonula occludens, are the most important components of the intenstinal epithelium for its barrier function. These complexes, formed primarily of members of the claudin and the occludin families, consist of about 35 different proteins, form a

title: Gap junction

text: cells throughout the body of most animals. Electrical coupling can be relatively fast acting. Tissues in this section have well known functions observed to be coordinated by gap junctions with inter-cellular signaling happening in time frames of micro-seconds or less. Gap junctions are particularly important in cardiac muscle: the signal to contract is passed efficiently through gap junctions, allowing the heart muscle cells to contract in unison. Gap junctions are expressed in virtually all tissues of the body, with the exception of adult fully developed skeletal muscle and mobile cell types such as sperm or erythrocytes. Several human genetic disorders

title: Stress fiber

text: adherens junctions. Tight junctions, or zona occludens, are the most important cellular element for the formation of semi-permeable barriers within or between tissues. Tight junctions primarily consist of claudins and occludins, which are membrane proteins that form the cell-cell contact, as well as ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3, which link tight junctions to the actin cytoskeleton. However, tight junctions have not been found to be directly linked to stress fibers, like they are for focal adhesions and adherens junctions. Focal adhesions are macromolecular assemblies that are used to connect cells to the ECM. They consist of three functional layers: an ECM-associated

title: Gap junction

text: term "gap junction" appeared to be coined about 16 years later circa 1969. A similar narrow regular gap was not demonstrated in other intercellular junctions photographed using the TEM at the time. Well before the demonstration of the "gap" in gap junctions they were seen at the junction of neighboring nerve cells. The close proximity of the neighboring cell membranes at the gap junction lead researchers to speculate that they had a role in intercellular communication, in particular the transmission of electrical signals. Gap junctions were also proven to be electrically rectifying and referred to as an electrical synapse. Later

title: Epithelium

text: determines which substances will be able to enter the epithelium. Cell junctions are especially abundant in epithelial tissues. They consist of protein complexes and provide contact between neighbouring cells, between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or they build up the paracellular barrier of epithelia and control the paracellular transport. Cell junctions are the contact points between plasma membrane and tissue cells. There are mainly 5 different types of cell junctions: tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and gap junctions. Tight junctions are a pair of trans-membrane protein fused on outer plasma membrane. Adherens junctions are a plaque (protein layer

title: Cell junction

text: is the protein molecule responsible for the selective permeability between epithelial layers. A three-dimensional image is still yet to be achieved and as such specific information about the function of tight junctions is yet to be determined. Tricellular junctions seal epithelia at the corners of three cells. Due to the geometry of three-cell vertices, the sealing of the cells at these sites requires a specific junctional organization, different from those in bicellular junctions. In vertebrates, components tricellular junctions are tricellulin and lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptors. In invertebrates, the components are gliotactin and anakonda. Tricellular junctions are also implicated in the regulation

title: Gap junction

text: channel is composed of two connexons (or hemichannels), which connect across the intercellular space. Gap junctions are analogous to the plasmodesmata that join plant cells. Gap junctions occur in virtually all tissues of the body, with the exception of adult fully developed skeletal muscle and mobile cell types such as sperm or erythrocytes. Gap junctions, however, are not found in simpler organisms such as sponges and slime molds. In vertebrates, gap junction hemichannels are primarily homo- or hetero-hexamers of connexin proteins. Invertebrate gap junctions comprise proteins from the innexin family. Innexins have no significant sequence homology with connexins. Though differing

title: Cell adhesion

text: to each other on adjacent membranes in a homophilic manner. Similar to anchoring junctions, intracellular domains of these tight junction proteins are bound with scaffold proteins that keep these proteins in clusters and link them to actin filaments in order to maintain structure of the tight junction. Claudins, essential for formation of tight junctions, form paracellular pores which allow selective passage of specific ions across tight junctions making the barrier selectively permeable. Gap junctions are composed of channels called connexons, which consist of transmembrane proteins called connexins clustered in groups of six. Connexons from adjacent cells form continuous channels when

title: Segmentation in the human nervous system

text: of the plates is maintained constant. Although intercellular connections mechanisms such as gap junctions and tight junctions are formed in the cells of the segmental plates, tight junctions are not involved in large network of cells as observed commonly in mature epithelium. A cell-cell adhesion chemical, namely calcium dependent N-cadherin, is present at varying concentrations in the anterior and posterior parts as it is expressed at a higher concentration in the anterior portion of the segmental plate and at lower concentration at the posterior part. During segmentation, the concentration of N-cadherin increases at the apical portion of the cell surface.

title: Epidermis

text: no blood supply and is nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air. Epidermal cells are tightly interconnected to serve as a tight barrier against the exterior environment. The junctions between the epidermal cells are of the adherens junction type, formed by transmembrane proteins called cadherins. Inside the cell, the cadherins are linked to actin filaments. In immunofluorescence microscopy, the actin filament network appears as a thick border surrounding the cells, although the actin filaments are actually located inside the cell and run parallel to the cell membrane. Because of the proximity of the neighboring cells and tightness

title: Glia limitans

text: cells were first cultured alone and the tight junctions were observed in freeze-fracture replicas to be discontinuous and riddled with gap junctions. Then, the brain endothelial cells were cultured with astroctytes resulting in enhanced tight junctions and a reduced frequency of gap junctions. The glia limitans also acts as a second line of defense against anything that passes the blood–brain barrier. However, because the astrocytes surrounding the vessels are connected by gap junctions, it is not considered part of the BBB and material can readily pass between the foot processes. The astrocytes of the glia limitans are responsible for separating

title: Vaginal epithelium

text: of structural adhesions between epithelial cells are: tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. "Tight junctions (zonula occludens) are composed of transmembrane proteins that make contact across the intercellular space and create a seal to restrict transmembrane proteins difusion. of molecules across the epithelial sheet. Tight junctions also have an organizing role in epithelial polarization by limiting the mobility of membrane-bound molecules between the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane of each epithelial cell. Adherens junctions (zonula adherens) connect bundles of actin filaments from cell to cell to form a continuous adhesion belt, usually just below the microfilaments." Junction

title: Gap junction

text: somewhat sketchy. Some headway on the in vivo composition of the gap junction plaque is being made using TEM FRIL. Gap junction A gap junction may also be called a nexus or macula communicans. (Although most nerve tissues don't have gap junctions, when found in neurons or nerves it may also be called an electrical synapse, like nerve cells in dental pulp.) While an ephapse has some similarities to a gap junction, by modern definition the two are different. Gap junctions are a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types. They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells,

title: Neuroeffector junction

text: are confined to the ends of cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle gap junctions occur along the length of the muscle cells as well as towards their ends. There are small bundles of three to seven varicose axons, partially or wholly enveloped in Schwann-cell sheath, both on the surface of the muscle as well as in the body of smooth muscle bundles. In addition, single varicose axons can be found on the surface and in the muscle bundles, and become divested of Schwann cells in the region of apposition between the varicosities and smooth muscle cells. The active zone of individual sympathetic

title: Gap junction

text: were rare, as most studies focused on the connexons rather than vesicles. A later study using a combination of microscopy techniques confirmed the early evidence of a probable function for gap junctions in intercellular vesicle transfer. Areas of vesicle transfer were associated with connexin free islands within gap junction plaques. Because of the widespread occurrence of gap junctions in cell types other than nerve cells the term gap junction became more generally used than terms such as electrical synapse or nexus. Another dimension in the relationship between nerve cells and gap junctions was revealed by studying chemical synapse formation and

title: Gap junction

text: are associated with mutations in gap junction genes. Many of those affect the skin because this tissue is heavily dependent upon gap junction communication for the regulation of differentiation and proliferation. Cardiac gap junctions can pharmacologically be opened with rotigaptide. A gap junction located in neurons is often referred to as an electrical synapse. The electrical synapse was discovered using electrical measurements before the gap junction structure was described. Electrical synapses are present throughout the central nervous system and have been studied specifically in the neocortex, hippocampus, vestibular nucleus, thalamic reticular nucleus, locus coeruleus, inferior olivary nucleus, mesencephalic nucleus of

title: Gap junction

text: it was found that chemicals could also be transported between cells through gap junctions. Implicit or explicit in most of the early studies is that the area of the gap junction was different in structure to the surrounding membranes in a way that made it look different. The gap junction had been shown to create a micro-environment between the two cells in the extra-cellular space or "gap". This portion of extra-cellular space was somewhat isolated from the surrounding space and also bridged by what we now call connexon pairs which form even more tightly sealed bridges that cross the gap

title: PKC alpha

text: membrane, particularly in the areas where tight junctions exists. With greater activity of PKC-α, the tight junctions lose their ability to form a tight barrier. This causes an increased leakiness of the tight junctions and thus movement of molecules into the cells. In intestinal areas, luminal growth factors are able to enter the cell and increase the rate of cell growth. This is thought to be a promotional event that may prolong certain epithelial cancers. Much of the research of PKC alpha pertaining to its role in liver tissue involves the effects of bile acids on the phosphorylation mechanism of

title: Tight junction


question: who sang one bad apple spoils the bunch

answers: The Osmonds

title: The Apple (1980 film)

text: four and said "every song in the goddamned movie sucks" and added that the film's "relentless bad taste is sure to appeal to the same audience that won't even realize they're being slapped in the face". "TV Guide" stated ""The Apple" was clearly designed to duplicate the success of "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" (1975) and failed dismally, in large part because the music is so stupendously banal... The lesson: Making a cult hit is harder than it looks." Sean Burns in the "Philadelphia Weekly" gave the film a scathing review: ""The Apple" isn't just the worst disco musical ever

title: The Apple (1980 film)

text: of the worst films ever made. In an uncut two-song prologue of the film named "Paradise Day," Mr. Topps (Joss Ackland) creates heaven and carves the first human Alphie out of a rock, sending Alphie to Earth to meet Bibi. The two take part in the 1994 Worldvision Song Festival. Despite being the most talented performers, they are beaten by BIM (Boogalow International Music) and its leader, Mr. Boogalow, who use underhanded tactics to secure a victory. The duo are approached by Mr. Boogalow to sign to his music label, but they soon discover the darker side of the music

title: Miss Jackson

text: released as the second single from her breakthrough album "Control". The song was originally titled "Bad Apple" as it contained a sample from Fiona Apple's tune "Every Single Night", but when the band played it for her she denied them publishing rights to use her melody. Lead singer Brendon Urie confessed to being 'pretty pissed' by the refusal, but also admitted he prefers the band's new approach to the song. In an interview with MTV, the lead singer Brendon Urie, says the lyrics were based on personal experiences: "'Miss Jackson' is about something that actually happened to me when I

title: Little Apple (song)

text: criticized the song for its low artistic value. This song has also attained high positions in main online charts in China. It peaked at number one in the CCTV Global Chinese Music Chart () released every Saturday. This song, referred to be one commentator as a "brainwashing song", also brings up the psychological factors that contribute to its success—its simple rhythm and lyrics cause the "earworm effect", forcing people to listen to it over and over again, and another reason that lied underneath is the "snowball effect", which means that people tend to follow others in a trend, suggesting that

title: One Bad Apple

text: "One Bad Apple" was a number-one hit single released by The Osmonds on November 14, 1970.  It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on January 2, 1971. It hit the top of the chart on February 13, 1971 and stayed there for five weeks. It also reached number six on the R&B chart. Billboard ranked it as the No. 4 song for 1971. Both "One Bad Apple" and the Donny Osmond-credited single "Sweet and Innocent" are on the 1970 album Osmonds. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on February 4, 1971.

title: The Apple (1980 film)

text: 120 vocalists. Recht said recording the film's reggae number "How To Be a Master" was complicated due to actual Jamaican musicians performing on the song and not being able to "read the charts" that were in English. According to Clinton, Grace Kennedy, who played Pandi, had an uncomfortable time singing "Coming," so Clinton had to tell her that it was her character singing the lyrics and not Kennedy herself. The musical numbers are as follows: A soundtrack album was released by Cannon Records in 1980. Versions of several songs on the album ("Coming", "Showbizness", "Master" and "Child of Love") differ

title: Apples and Oranges (song)

text: and "American Bandstand". Barrett kept his lips closed during the first performance but mimed competently on the latter show, of which footage survives. After Barrett was replaced by David Gilmour, the band recorded a promotional film in Belgium in a fruit market with Roger Waters lip synching. This was the group's first single that failed to break into the UK charts, and their US label Tower Records issued a US-only single instead: "Flaming" b/w "The Gnome" (Tower 378). Waters blamed the single's sales performance on Norman Smith: "'Apples and Oranges' was destroyed by the production. It's a fucking good song".

title: Rotten Apple (album)

text: two-and-a-half stars out of five and said, "Much like Banks' rapping, the beats just plod along. It is easy to expect less from some of his less talented G-Unit brethren, but Banks has shown himself to be capable of a lot. Minus a few moments where he shines, this album is as rotten as the City." After five weeks of sales the album was at number 71 on the "Billboard" charts with 15,000 copies sold that week and 250,000 copies sold total. Despite not being certified in the United States, the album managed to achieve Gold status in Canada. Debuting

title: Every Single Night

text: sell... Lacking either ornate production or a pop single, "The Idler Wheel..." plays like Fiona Apple at her purest and that's plenty complicated." Every Single Night "Every Single Night" is a song written and performed by American alternative singer-songwriter Fiona Apple. It was released on April 24, 2012 by Epic Records as the lead and only single from her fourth studio album "The Idler Wheel..." (2012). According to Panic! At the Disco vocalist Brendon Urie, "Every Single Night" was the inspiration for the 2013 hit "Miss Jackson", which was originally named "Bad Apple" (after Fiona Apple, who rejected usage of

title: The Willies (film)

text: used to pick on. Michael is incredulous, to which the brothers contend that Michael's story was far less believable. At that point, Uncle Henry arrives, and the brothers ask him to prove the story about Mr. Jenkins. Uncle Henry (also played by James Karen) then rips off his face, revealing the humanoid monster from "Bad Apples". The movie has received generally negative reviews over the years. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, there are currently no critical reviews, but the film carries a 24% audience score. The film has also received 1.5 out of 5 stars by the editors

title: Regional Holiday Music

text: (Gillian Jacobs) the only non-glee club member left, she seeks out Jeff, only to find that he too has been turned. As the group is backstage preparing for the Christmas pageant, Mr. Rad informs Abed of his long-term intentions for the group. As Abed had only made the group join to brighten up Christmas, he sets forth upsetting Mr. Rad's plans. While the group performs "Planet Christmas" on stage, he asks Britta (who was originally cast as the mute tree) to replace him as the Mouse King. She does and ruins the pageant with her poor singing and bad, improvised

title: Glee: The Music, The Christmas Album

text: good or bad", leaving it open for the listener to decide on the "twelve candy cane-sweetened tracks". Writing for the "New York Post", Jarett Wieselman thought the album overall sounded like the soundtrack of an advertisement for Gap, but praised the vocal work of Colfer, Michele, and Riley. Jonathan Takiff of the "Philadelphia Daily News" felt the tracks were too artificial and was disappointed the cast didn't cover more songs outside the realm of pop music. Kyle Buchanan of "New York" lamented the fact that Jane Lynch was not the one singing "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch", calling it

title: The Road Apples

text: The Road Apples The Road Apples were an American pop rock group from Cambridge, Massachusetts. Their lead singer/guitarist was David Finnerty. The other band members were Flip Morse (lead guitar and vocals), Bard Richmond (bass guitar and vocals), Jean-Do Sifantus (drums), and Chuck Eisenhardt (the original keyboard player, later replaced by Wally Baier). The group charted two singles on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the mid-1970s. Their first single "Let's Live Together" rose to No. 35 on that chart. A follow-up release "Holding On" b/w "Good Lovin' Woman" also entered the Hot 100 and rose to No. 77. The Road

title: LadybiRdS

text: to The Postal Service, while Sperber's singing drew comparison to Cyndi Lauper. Adam Bunch of "PopMatters" described the album as "a sugar-coated, dance-happy record of electronic squiggles and bleeps." Appearing are several prominent lead vocalists; The Get Up Kids' Matt Pryor on "Cooper, Thanks for the Birds," Danger O's' Justin Johnson, and Fairmont's Neil Sabatino. Additionally, Max Bemis of Say Anything lends vocals on "Maxim and the Headphone Life," a song described by "The Fader"'s Meyiee Apple as "one of the more memorable tracks.." on "Regional Community Theater". A music video for the song "The Brown and Red Divide" was

title: The Apple (1980 film)

text: that any fan of wondrously bad cinema or over-the-top musicals will suffer gladly, luxuriating in its wacky vision of the then-future and idiosyncratic tale of good versus evil." "Flavorwire" claimed, "True bad movies carve out their own worlds. "The Apple" seems to have come from another universe entirely – and God bless it for that." They reasoned, "all through The Apple, everyone is just going for it, full-throated, even though the songs are shit and the sets are cheap and the effects are worse. But you get the sense that you couldn't have told them any of that. Whatever Golem

title: The Road Apples

text: Apples participated in the 'Partners of the Americas' program in 1976 and travelled to Colombia, in South America where they performed numerous free concerts for the people of Medellín and Cartegena. The Road Apples lead singer and principal songwriter Finn Finnerty later formed 'The Joneses' and released a CD (Atlantic 1990) including a rock cover of "Let's Live Together". The Road Apples The Road Apples were an American pop rock group from Cambridge, Massachusetts. Their lead singer/guitarist was David Finnerty. The other band members were Flip Morse (lead guitar and vocals), Bard Richmond (bass guitar and vocals), Jean-Do Sifantus (drums),

title: William in Trouble (short story collection)

text: out that some of the areas they are going to go singing are near people who have given them bad presents, they decide to take over the show and start to sing songs to them (for example, Uncle George had given Ginger a book called 'Kings and Queens of England', and to pay back for it he went to his house with the other 16 or so boys and sung bad songs at the top of his voice). When he goes to Aunt Jane's to sing badly to her to make up for the bad presents, she mistakes the singing

title: Bad (Michael Jackson song)

text: his This Is It concerts, which never occurred due to his death. A live version of the song at Wembley 1988 and Yokohama 1987 are available on the DVD "Live at Wembley July 16, 1988". American TV series "Glee" did a Michael Jackson tribute episode in 2012 entitled "Michael", which included an a cappella version of "Bad" featuring the Beelzebubs as part of The Warblers. This cover debuted and peaked at number 80 at "Billboard" Hot 100, number 48 at "Billboard" Digital Songs, number 90 at "Billboard" Canadian Hot 100, and number 29 at "Billboard" Adult Pop Songs chart at

title: Sharon Aguilar

text: the way he bends his notes. I can feel them in my chest and they just really move me." After moving in late 2007 to Los Angeles, California, Aguilar performed with several bands: Bad Apple, The Bitchfits (all girls tribute to the Misfits), The Ramonas (all girls tribute to the Ramones), and Pretty Little Problem. Her national television debut playing a Fender electric violin backed Diddy's Dirty Money on "Hello Good Morning" for the March 31, 2010, "American Idol". Aguilar also played lead guitar with Suede (of Austin, Texas) on "You Shook Me All Night Long" opening the January 29,

title: The Apples in Stereo

text: The Apples in Stereo The Apples in Stereo, styled as The Apples in stereo, are an American rock band associated with Elephant Six Collective, a group of bands also including Neutral Milk Hotel, The Olivia Tremor Control, Elf Power, Of Montreal, and Circulatory System. The band is largely a product of lead vocalist/guitarist/producer Robert Schneider, who writes the majority of the band's music and lyrics. Currently, The Apples in Stereo also includes longstanding members John Hill (rhythm guitar) and Eric Allen (bass), as well as more recent members John Dufilho (drums), John Ferguson (keyboards), and Ben Phelan (keyboards/guitar/trumpet). The band's

title: Badjelly's Bad Christmas

text: again after Christmas. Laura, Kate and Grandad are sitting in Grandad's lounge, with the baubles, when suddenly the door opens, and in come several pairs of creatures from the Land of the Bumbly Boo, and they dance to the song "There is a song in man". Halfway through the song, the Conkerer, Sir Nobonk, Badjelly, King Twytt, Queen Twytt, Wobble and Ice Cream also enter. They are soon followed by more creatures from the Land of the Bumbly Boo, (the rest of the cast), and by the end of the song, the whole cast are on stage. For the final

title: Stolen Apples (album)

text: day. After our gig, we were standing around and Paul was saying how much he loved the old album.<br>"We said, 'Oh yeah, we're doing a new one. You haven't got any songs, have you?' A few days later, he turns up at my house with a little cassette." The song was subsequently included on their 2005 album "All is Forgiven"."Tex sang it beautifully and we had to work to find a way to reclaim the song that didn't just sound like an imitation of their version. We tried it three or four different ways and had almost given up on

title: Briggs (rapper)

text: and Vents, the remix was described as venomous by the Tone Deaf website, due to the lyrical content. Contestants are required to download vocals file, in addition to other material, from the SoundCloud page to produce their entry. The first "#KingOfTheTown" remix contest was for rappers and was won by Sydney MC Sarah Connor in early September 2014. In 2015, Briggs founded his own record label, Bad Apples Music. The label has signed three indigenous hip-hop artists: Birdz, Nooky and Philly. Briggs also formed a side project with Trials of the Funkoars, named A.B. Original, which also forms part of

title: The Music Lovers (The Goodies)

text: sing ""Land of Hope and Glory"" — Bill is the principal singer, and Graeme and Tim sing harmony — with Tim receiving help with his harmony in the form of his "glee singers" (two very pretty girls). At the end of the song, they wait to be kidnapped, and are upset when only Tim's "glee singers" are stolen; the kidnappers reject them because they "ain't good enough." The next step in their plan to be stolen has the Goodies giving a non-stop Woodstock Festival-type concert, in which they perform songs as various types of music groups. After a week of

title: Rotten Apple (album)

text: "Rotten Apple". The album featured guest appearances from 50 Cent, TazzyManiak, Tony Yayo, Young Buck, Rakim, Scarface, Mobb Deep, 8 Ball, Keri Hilson and Musiq Soulchild. Production on the album was provided by Eminem, Needlz, Sha Money XL, Younglord, Ron Browz, Havoc and 9th Wonder. Banks stated that he wanted to show the darker side of New York City and allow listeners to hear what it was like growing up in South Jamaica, Queens. The album so far has a score of 51 out of 100 from Metacritic based on "mixed or average reviews". "Rolling Stone"'s Evan Serpick gave it

title: The Apple (1980 film)

text: "The Apple" as "really, really depressing on some days" and "very, very stressful," adding that most of the cast and crew "didn't really like the script. I mean, we really didn't." Lythgoe and Warwick later both started working in singing competition shows like "American Idol", which led to conspiracy theories by multiple people that "The Apple" predicted their later work. Lythgoe shrugged these off: "There were a lot of singing competitions going on at the time. So it never really hit me that 'the search for talent' was "Popstars" and "Pop Idol" and "American Idol", as much as just thinking

title: Israel Vibration

text: Vibration Israel Vibrates, soon becoming simply Israel Vibration. They survived on money earned singing in the streets for several years, and in 1975 attempted to launch a recording career at Channel One Studios, but the track they recorded there ("Bad Intention") was not released. Funding for their first album came in the form of a grant from the Twelve Tribes of Israel branch of Rastafarai after Hugh Booth, a member of the Twelve Tribes, had overheard the three men singing in a wooded area outside Kingston. Apple and Wiss were living in the area, which they had converted into a

title: Maybe Tomorrow (The Iveys album)

text: in disarray at the time. A majority of the album's songs were later issued as Badfinger songs on the Badfinger album "Magic Christian Music". The Iveys (later known as Badfinger) were a successful live act on the London circuit when they attracted the attention of Apple employee Mal Evans in early 1968. It was through Evans' perseverance that demonstration recordings made by the group were presented to The Beatles (Apple's presidents). Although the band was initially waived by Paul McCartney and John Lennon, the former relented as more impressive Iveys tapes were brought in by Evans. The group signed with

title: Badjelly's Bad Christmas

text: bows, the casts sing "The Ying Tong Song", and do their bows in character, before character group by group, they leave, leaving Grandad, Kate and Laura on stage. Grandad then wishes the audience a Merry Christmas (and on the performances nearing New Year's Eve, a Happy New Year), before exiting with Kate and Laura. To end the show, an image of Spike Milligan is projected on to a piece of set. The Chickenshed Theatre Company was the first company to introduce the idea of inclusive theatre in both performing and watching. Every performance of "Badjelly's Bad Christmas" had sign language

title: Apple Records

text: gained the American rights to the "Let It Be" soundtrack album (along with the American rights to another, earlier, United Artists Beatles movie soundtrack LP, 1964's "A Hard Day's Night"). Aside from the red apple, other examples in which the apple has been altered include George Harrison's album "All Things Must Pass" triple album, on which the first two discs have orange apples while the third has a jar label reading "Apple Jam"; black and white apples on John Lennon's album "John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band" and Yoko Ono's album "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band"; a blue apple on Ringo Starr's single

title: One Bad Apple