question: who wrote i want to dance with somebody by whitney houston

answers: George Merrill

answers: Shannon Rubicam

answers: George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam

text: underpinning and giddy zest of Cyndi Lauper's 'Girls Just Want to Have Fun.'" In its review of "Whitney", Jon Pareles of "The New York Times" gave a negative comment, writing that listening to "I Wanna Dance with Somebody" and "You're Still My Man," another track on the album was like "watching television while someone fiddles with color controls." In 2006, "Slant Magazine" ranked the song at #88 in their 100 Greatest Dance Songs, commenting that "with its parenthetical title, gummy bassline, schmaltzy horns, tinkling keyboards, and half-step key changes, [the song] is definitive '80s dance-pop." "I Wanna Dance with Somebody

text: British public as the nation's fifth favourite 1980s number one in a poll for ITV. "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" was released as the first single from Houston's second studio album at the beginning of May 1987. It entered the "Billboard" Hot 100, the issue dated May 16, 1987, at number 38, her highest debut in the 1980s. Six weeks later, it reached the top spot of the chart, making it Houston's fourth number-one single in the United States, the issue date of June 27, 1987 ― the same day that Houston's album "Whitney" debuted at number

title: Whitney (album)

text: three straight number one singles from the debut album, they established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer, surpassing the Beatles and the Bee Gees. As well as in United States, the album and the first single, "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)," were hits worldwide, topping the charts in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and mainland Europe. At the 30th Grammy Awards of 1988, the album received three nominations including Album of the Year, winning her second Grammy, "Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female" for "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)."

text: across Europe led to the song topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart for eight weeks. It became Houston's second number-one single on the Australian "Kent Music Report" chart, staying at the top for five weeks. The song also peaked at number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart and remained there for four weeks, making it Houston's first number-one single in the country. "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" the single sold 4.2 million copies worldwide. After her death, the single returned to the Billboard Hot 100 debuting at number 35 the same week "I Will Always

text: "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" is the first single from Whitney Houston's second studio album Whitney. It was produced by Narada Michael Walden, and written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam of the band Boy Meets Girl, who had previously written the number-one Whitney Houston hit "How Will I Know."  The original arrangement was written for her grandnephew Mau Rosillo when he was 9 years old, as he was a well-renoun dancer.

title: Dance with Somebody (Glee)

text: "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" debuted at number eighty. The same week as the "Glee" singles charted, Houston's "" album jumped back to number one on the "Billboard" Top Catalog Albums chart, and climbed seven spots to number twenty-eight on the "Billboard" 200. Dance with Somebody (Glee) "Dance with Somebody" is the seventeenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the sixty-first overall. Written by Ross Maxwell and directed by Paris Barclay, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on April 24, 2012. It is a special tribute episode

text: Love You" re-entered at number 7, giving Houston two posthumous Top 40 hits. The video for "I Wanna Dance with Somebody" was directed by Brian Grant and chreographed by Arlene Phillips, who also worked with Houston on the music video for "How Will I Know". The video features Houston in a pink dress and a continuous shot of a purple backdrop that never changes its angle of vision. In the intro of this video, Houston just finishes a performance onstage. She walks backstage, and the scene is intercut with more vivid, colorful images of her. The song then explodes into

text: come up with "I Wanna Dance with Somebody." Later on, Rubicam explained the idea behind the song: But, the song did not impress the producer Narada Michael Walden, who had produced "How Will I Know." He took a little more persuading with regard to the song's potential, and at first was not too keen on having Houston record it, as he felt it was too "country and western sounding." He said of it, For the song's production, a Roland TR-808 was used to produce the drum machine percussion. "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" received mixed reviews from

title: Somebody (Natalie La Rose song)

text: the whole song except for the hook. Hours later, Flo all of a sudden was like, 'I wanna rock with somebody!' And we were like, 'Yes! That's the moment we've been waiting for, it all makes sense.'" She also said: "We had this idea to base a song around Whitney’s first big hit, I Wanna Dance With Somebody. Getting permission to use a sample was pretty difficult. We were in the process of creating the song in Miami when Jeremih was there doing a Big Dreams for Kids Back to School event. Flo invited him to add a rap to

text: its beginning, with myriad locations and various outfits by Houston, as dancers trying to impress her as she dances. Towards the end of the song she manhandles a guy, who has a mixture of a look of shock and surprise asking him "Don't you wanna dance say you wanna dance". It has over 100 million views as of November, 2017 on YouTube. Houston performed the song on almost all of her world and regional tours. She premiered the song during the later shows of The Greatest Love World Tour in 1986, before its official release of the next year, introducing

text: (Who Loves Me)" won the award for "Favorite Pop/Rock Single" at the 15th American Music Awards on January 25, 1988. Additionally, Houston won the Grammy award for "Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female" with the song at its 30th ceremony on March 2, 1988, where she received a total of three nominations. The music video for the song was nominated for "Best Music Video" at the 2nd Soul Train Music Awards on March 30, 1988. Houston won the award for "Best Music Video" for the video at the 1st Garden State Music Awards. In 2015 the song was voted by the

title: Whitney Houston videography

text: 22 weeks, which remains the all-time record for a video collection by a female artist, it was also certified Platinum for shipments of 100,000 units by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on July 15, 1986. In 1987, Houston released the music video for "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", the first single from her second album "Whitney" (1987), which depicts Houston in one of her iconic looks, the clip―towering curly wig, colorful dangly earrings and a series of going-to-the-club outfits. In 1988, the music video for the song "One Moment in Time", the title track off

text: Houston's first chart-topper on the "Billboard" Hot Dance/Club Play Songs, staying on the top position of the charts for three weeks and two weeks, respectively. In addition, it reached a peak of two on the "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart (formerly "Hot Black Singles"), the issue date of July 4, 1987. It remained at that position for two weeks, behind "I Feel Good All Over" by Stephanie Mills (which never made the Hot 100), and spent 15 weeks on the R&B chart. On July 28, 1987, the single was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for

title: Dance with Somebody (Glee)

text: Dance with Somebody (Glee) "Dance with Somebody" is the seventeenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the sixty-first overall. Written by Ross Maxwell and directed by Paris Barclay, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on April 24, 2012. It is a special tribute episode to Whitney Houston, who died ten weeks earlier (February 11), and features seven of her songs. Upon its initial airing, this episode attracted 6.90 million American viewers and received a 2.7/8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, an increase of over 10% from the 2.4/7 rating/share

title: Home (soundtrack)

text: one of Whitney Houston's 1987 single "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)". He also wrote that the song has a "wubby bass groove" that could feature American actress Courtney Cox dancing to it in its potential music video, a reference to her appearance in the video for Bruce Springsteen's 1984 single with the same name. Jennifer Lopez's song, "Feel the Light" is an "uplifting" and "tender" ballad with a length of four minutes and fifty-two seconds. During the last of it, Lopez sings the lines, "Feel the light shining in the dark of night / Remember what we

title: Whitney Houston

text: been directed is frustrating". Still, the album enjoyed commercial success. Houston became the first woman in music history to debut at number one on the "Billboard" 200 albums chart, and the first artist to enter the albums chart at number one in both the US and UK, while also hitting number one or top ten in dozens of other countries around the world. The album's first single, "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", was also a massive hit worldwide, peaking at No. 1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart and topping the singles chart in many countries such

title: Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart

text: which peaked at number 33, but it would be her 1996 follow up single "Who Do U Love" that would cement her success on this chart when it reached the top spot. Her 13th number one came in 2017 with "Let the World Be Ours Tonight". American singer Whitney Houston achieved 13 number-one songs on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Songs chart between 1987 and 2009 before passing away in February 2012. Houston's second studio album, "Whitney", produced her first three number-one songs on the chart. Her first was with the 12" remix of "I Wanna Dance with Somebody

title: Boy Meets Girl (band)

text: and arranged for RCA Records to re-release their two RCA albums. Their debut album recorded for A&M Records was also re-released. In the works are new versions of the demonstration tapes they originally recorded for Whitney Houston. The various artists album "Number One With a Bullet" also contains their original demo tape for "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)." In 2005, "Waiting for a Star to Fall" was involved in a "sample battle." Two electronic music groups, Cabin Crew and Sunset Strippers, wanted to sample the song and remix it. Sunset Strippers, from the UK, won the right

title: Do You Want to Dance

text: reached No. 17. A different song called "Do You Wanna Dance?" was a UK hit for Barry Blue in 1973. San Francisco-born teenager Bobby Freeman had been a member of doo-wop groups the Romancers and the Vocaleers. When asked by a local DJ if he had written any songs, he wrote several and recorded them as solo demos. These included "Do You Want to Dance", which was heard by a visiting record label executive, Mortimer Palitz of Jubilee Records. He signed Freeman to the label, and had the original recording overdubbed in New York by session musicians including guitarist Billy

text: Know." "How Will I Know" became successful, and as a result, they were asked to come up with another song for Houston's then-new album. Originally the song that gave Merrill and Rubicam their British top ten success as Boy Meets Girl, "Waiting For a Star to Fall" was intended by the duo to be a song for Houston. The duo sent it to Arista Records, but they passed on it citing it was not suitable for Houston. Undeterred by this minor setback, the pair continued working on finding a song that would be ideal for Houston, and were inspired to

text: shipment of 1,000,000 copies of the single, and re-certified Platinum, making it Houston's first single to achieve that feat, for the same shipment on February 13, 1989, with the change of the RIAA certification criteria for singles. (The number of sales required to qualify for gold and platinum discs was higher prior to January 1, 1989. The thresholds were 1,000,000 units (gold) and 2,000,000 units (platinum), reflecting a decrease in sales of singles. It placed at number four on the "Billboard" Year-End Top Pop Singles chart for 1987. In Canada, the song debuted at 74 on the "RPM" Top 100

title: Dance with Somebody (Glee)

text: Love Is Your Love". "Dance with Somebody" is the second episode in the third season to be directed by Paris Barclay, and the second to be written by Ross Maxwell. The episode began shooting on March 8, 2012, only 25 days after Whitney Houston's death, and concluded shooting a week later on March 15, 2012. The next episode began shooting in parallel on March 12, 2012. The same day that shooting began, it was reported that the episode would be a tribute to Whitney Houston and feature her songs, though "not be a typical tribute" as the show had previously

title: Dancing in the Dark (Rihanna song)

text: chorus to the one of Whitney Houston's 1987 single "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)". He also wrote that the song has a "wubby bass groove" that could feature American actress Courtney Cox dancing to it in its potential music video, a reference to her appearance in the video for Bruce Springsteen's 1984 single with the same name. Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Home". Dancing in the Dark (Rihanna song) "Dancing in the Dark" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for the soundtrack to the 2015 film "Home". It was written by Ester Dean,

title: Dance with Somebody

text: Dance with Somebody "Dance with Somebody" is a song by the alternative rock band Mando Diao. It was released in January 2009 as the lead single from their album, "Give Me Fire". A segment of the song was the theme song for the twelfth season of "Dancing With The Stars". The music video was directed by Matt Wignall and Vern Moen. In 2014, the song was covered by German heavy metal band Iron Savior as a surprise track on their album "Rise of the Hero". Vocalist/guitarist Piet Sielck explained that the band originally intended the song to be a bonus

title: Whitney (album)

text: history to generate at least four number one Hot 100 hits from the same album. This feat, with the three number ones from her debut album, also gave Houston seven consecutive number one songs; a record for the most consecutive number ones by any musical act. The most consecutive #1's title was previously held by both The Beatles and the Bee Gees with six each. The first single released from the album, "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)," made its debut at number 38, her highest debut at the time, on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, the issue

text: one on the "Billboard" 200 (formerly "Top Pop Albums") the first time ever by a female artist. It remained there for two weeks, spent nine weeks in the top ten (more than any other song that year) and spent 18 weeks on the chart. The song reached number one on the Hot 100 Single Sales chart for two weeks, and on the Hot 100 Airplay chart for three weeks, her longest run at that time. The single also peaked at number one on the Hot Adult Contemporary and the 12" remixed dance / club version by John "Jellybean" Benitez became

title: Can't We Try

text: chart (kept from the top spot by "I Wanna Dance with Somebody" by Whitney Houston and "Moonlighting" by Al Jarreau). In Canada, the song reached No. 14. In 1998, Rockell covered the song as a duet with Collage. It was her third single from her 1998 debut album, "What Are You Lookin' At?" and third single overall. This song reached No. 59 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 as well as No. 11 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart. The original Dan Hill version from 1987 was used for the Kelly and Jeffrey characters on the American soap opera "Santa

title: Do You Want to Dance

text: Do You Want to Dance "Do You Want to Dance" is a song written by American singer Bobby Freeman and recorded by him in 1958. It reached number No. 5 on the United States Billboard Top 100 Sides pop chart and No. 2 on the Billboard R&B chart. Cliff Richard and the Shadows' version of the song reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom in 1962, despite being a B-side. The Beach Boys' version reached No. 12 as "Do You Wanna Dance?" in the United States in 1965, and a 1972 cover by Bette Midler ("Do You Want to Dance?")

title: Black Magic (song)

text: of "Billboard" noted Little Mix's "soaring vocals over a shimmery melody". "The Guardian" compared the song to the "carefree joy" of Whitney Houston's "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" and Cyndi Lauper's "Girls Just Want to Have Fun", while also comparing the song to those of their debut album "DNA" (2012). "Billboard" named the song #34 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. The song debuted at 25 on the Australian singles chart and two weeks later, it peaked at number 8. The song also charted on both Ultratip Belgian airplay charts, peaking

title: 1987 in British music

text: 1 to be released as a CD single was Whitney Houston's "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" released in May. The second was the cassette single where the song is released on an audio tape - the BPI began recording their sales this year, but they would not become eligible until 1989. Both formats would dominate the chart throughout the 1990s. Synthpop bands Pet Shop Boys and Erasure continued their success from their breakthrough year in 1986, with the Pet Shop Boys achieving their second number 1 single ("It's a Sin") in the summer, and two more top

short_answers:
George Merrill
George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam
Shannon Rubicam


question: the fellowship of the ring director's cut length

answers: 228 minutes

title: Director's cut

text: footage of stars Christopher Reeve and Margot Kidder, footage used in the first film, and entire scenes that were shot by replacement director Richard Lester which Donner dislikes but were required for story purposes. Some directors explicitly dislike the phrase "director's cut" because it implies that they disapprove of the theatrically released cut. James Cameron and Peter Jackson are two directors who publicly reject the label, preferring "extended edition" or "special edition". While Jackson considers the theatrical releases of "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit" trilogies to be a final "director's cut" within the constraints of theatrical exhibition,

text: at all". In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale. In 2002, the film won four Academy Awards from thirteen nominations. The winning categories were for Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects, Best Makeup, and Best Original Score. It was also nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Ian McKellen), Best Art Direction, Best Director, Best Film Editing, Best Original Song (Enya, Nicky Ryan and Roma Ryan for "May It Be"), Best Picture, Best Sound (Christopher Boyes, Michael Semanick, Gethin Creagh and Hammond Peek),

text: ever made, . The film earned over $871 million worldwide and became the second highest-grossing film of 2001 in the US and worldwide (behind "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"). It was nominated for thirteen Oscars at the 74th Academy Awards ceremony, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actor for McKellen, winning four for Best Cinematography, Best Makeup, Best Original Score, and Best Visual Effects. It also won four British Academy Film Awards, including Best Film and Best Director BAFTA awards. The "Special Extended Edition" was released to DVD on 12 November 2002 and to Blu-ray Disc on

text: shot scenes for a film after it had already won the Oscar. Post-production began in November 2002, with the completion of the 4½ hour assembly cut of the film that Annie Collins had been completing over 2001 and 2002, from 4-hour dailies. For example, Théoden leading the charge went from 150 minutes of takes to a finished 90 seconds. Jackson reunited with longtime collaborator Jamie Selkirk to edit the final film. Like "The Two Towers", they would have to deal with multiple storylines, and Jackson paid attention to each storyline at a time before deciding where to intercut. Most importantly

text: In November 2002, an extended edition was released on VHS and DVD, with 30 minutes of new material, added special effects and music, plus 20 minutes of fan-club credits, totalling to 228 minutes.  The DVD set included four commentaries and over three hours of supplementary material.

title: Director's cut

text: the extended cuts were produced so that fans of the material could see nearly all of the scenes shot for the script to develop more of J. R. R. Tolkien's world, but which were originally cut for running time, or other reasons. New music and special effects were also added to the cuts. Cameron specified "what I put into theaters is the Director's cut. Nothing was cut that I didn't want cut. All the extra scenes we've added back in are just a bonus for the fans." (Though referring specifically to "Avatar", he has expressed similar feelings on all of

text: 20 minutes of alternate material from the original release, about 13 minutes of alternates in the fan credits, and some additional alternates, there are almost four hours of finalized music from "Fellowship of the Ring". The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (soundtrack) The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on November 20, 2001. It was composed, orchestrated, and conducted by Howard Shore, and performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, the London Voices, London Oratory School Schola choir and multiple featured instrumental and

text: theatrical Blu-ray version of "The Lord of the Rings" was released in the United States in April 2010. There were two separate sets: one with digital copies and one without. The individual Blu-ray disc of "The Fellowship of the Ring" was released in September 2010 with the same special features as the complete trilogy release, except there was no digital copy. The extended Blu-ray editions were released in the US in June 2011. This version has a runtime of 238 minutes (the extended editions include the names of all fan club members at the time of their release; the additional

text: 9 minutes in the Blu-ray version are because of expanded member rolls, not any additional story material). "The Fellowship of the Ring" was released on 19 December 2001 in 3,359 cinemas where it grossed $47.2 million on its opening weekend. The world premiere was held at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. It went on to make $314.7 million in North America and $555.9 million in the rest of the world for a worldwide total of $870.7 million. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 54 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run. "The Fellowship

title: Andrew Lesnie

text: well as construction of sets. During filming, Lesnie emphasised earthly colours in the makeup and wardrobe of the cast and extras. At the acceptance speech for his Oscar win for "Fellowship of the Ring", Lesnie dedicated his acceptance to chief lighting technician Brian Bansgrove, who he described as a major contributor to the quality of the film's cinematography. For production, Lesnie used Red Digital Cinema's Epic cameras as well as Carl Zeiss Ultra Prime Lenses to photograph the film. Jackson and Lesnie decided to shoot the film in 3D with as many as 15 stereoscopic camera rigs (2 cameras each)

text: a longer, alternate version of the song Aniron, on "The Best of Enya" In 2005, Reprise Records released a multi-disc set for the film, titled "The Complete Recordings." These contain the entire score for the extended versions of the films on CD, along with an additional DVD-Audio disc that offers 2.0 stereo and 5.1 surround mixes of the soundtrack. Unlike the other two "Complete Recording" albums, this one was originally conceived as an "isolated score" of sorts, and therefore retains several loops and tracked pieces of music from the film, and omits pieces that were used in their stead or

text: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (soundtrack) The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on November 20, 2001. It was composed, orchestrated, and conducted by Howard Shore, and performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, the London Voices, London Oratory School Schola choir and multiple featured instrumental and vocal soloists. The album is a reduction of over three and a half hours of finalized music written for The Fellowship of the Ring. The music on the album features edited-down compositions to create a

title: The Lord of the Rings (film series)

text: after the Fellowship leaves Moria, replaced with a more suspenseful entrance for the Fellowship. Also cut were scenes from the book, including Frodo seeing more of Middle-earth at Parth Galen and an extended Council of Elrond, and new scenes with an attack upon Frodo and Sam at the river Anduin by an Uruk-hai. The major cut to "The Two Towers" featured Arwen and Elrond visiting Galadriel at Lothlórien, with Arwen then leading the Elven reinforcements to Helm's Deep. This scene, and a flashback to Arwen and Aragorn's first meeting, was cut during a revision of the film's plot; the Elves'

title: Music of The Lord of the Rings film series

text: spring of 2001 to a 40-minute teaser of the film, as the film was still being shot. The scored section also included a version of the Breaking of the Fellowship sequence, with an extended tin whistle solo, and a montage of footage from the following two films. The rest of the score was recorded in London during the editing of the film in post production, and took over 180 hours to record. Shore would later return to the finished film, recording additional music and revised takes for the extended DVD version in March 2002. A similar pattern was followed for

title: The Lord of the Rings (film series)

text: scenes, including the reforging of Andúril, Gollum's back-story, and Saruman's demise, being moved to "The Return of the King". Later, Saruman's demise was cut from the theatrical edition (but included in the Extended edition) when Jackson felt it was not starting the third film effectively enough. As with all parts of the third film's post-production, editing was very chaotic. The first time Jackson actually saw the completed film was at the Wellington premiere. Many filmed scenes remain unused, even in the Extended Editions. Promotional material for "The Fellowship of the Ring" contained an attack by Orcs from Moria on Lothlórien

text: Best Costume Design and Best Adapted Screenplay. , it is the 31st highest-grossing film worldwide, with US$871,530,324 in worldwide theatrical box office receipts. The film won the 2002 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. It also won "Empire" readers' Best Film award, as well as five BAFTAs, including Best Film, the David Lean Award for Best Direction, the Audience Award (voted for by the public), Best Special Effects, and Best Make-up. The film was nominated for an MTV Movie Award for Best Fight between Gandalf and Saruman. In June 2008, AFI revealed its "10 Top 10"—the ten best films in

text: as getting them used to life in Wellington. They were also trained to pronounce Tolkien's verses properly. After the shoot, the nine cast members playing the Fellowship got a tattoo of the English word "nine" written in Tengwar, with the exception of John Rhys-Davies, whose stunt double got the tattoo instead. The film is noted for having an ensemble cast, and some of the cast and their respective characters include: Jackson, Walsh and Boyens made numerous changes to the story, for purposes of pacing and character development. Jackson said his main desire was to make a film focused primarily on

text: Picture for Drama and Best Director), five BAFTAs, two MTV Movie Awards, two Grammy Awards, nine Saturn Awards, the New York Film Critics Circle award for Best Picture, the Nebula Award for Best Script, and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is a 2003 epic fantasy adventure film co-produced, co-written, and directed by Peter Jackson based on the second and third volumes of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings". It is the third and

text: Ring" received critical acclaim from music critics and won the Academy Award for Best Original Score, the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album, and the World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Soundtrack. In the United Kingdom, the album peaked at number ten on the UK Albums Chart. As of December 2014, the album has sold 276,912 copies in the UK, nearly besting Adele's album. Enya's songs are nestled inside Shore's music (neither of the two songs has an isolated track) and is accompanied by his music, performed by the London Philharmonic and London Voices. Enya went on to release

text: of the Ring" was acclaimed by film critics and was one of 2001's best reviewed films. The film holds a 91% approval rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes based on 227 reviews and an average score of 8.2/10. The site's main consensus reads "Full of eye-popping special effects, and featuring a pitch-perfect cast, "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring" brings J.R.R. Tolkien's classic to vivid life". The film holds a score of 92 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 34 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim", with the film gaining the site's seal of "Must See".

text: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" (1954–1955). It is the first instalment in "The Lord of the Rings series", and was followed by "" (2002) and "" (2003), based on the second and third volumes of "The Lord of the Rings". Set in Middle-earth, the story tells of the Dark Lord Sauron (Sala Baker), who is seeking the One Ring.

text: The Ring has found its way to the young hobbit Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood). The fate of Middle-earth hangs in the balance as Frodo and eight companions who form the Fellowship of the Ring begin their journey to Mount Doom in the land of Mordor, the only place where the Ring can be destroyed. Released on 10 December 2001, the film was highly acclaimed by critics and fans alike who considered it to be a landmark in film-making and an achievement in the fantasy film genre. It has continued to be featured on critic lists of the greatest fantasy films

title: The Lord of the Rings

text: For this purpose it is generally edited into 13 one-hour episodes. Following J. R. R. Tolkien's sale of the film rights for "The Lord of the Rings" to United Artists in 1969, rock band The Beatles considered a corresponding film project and approached Stanley Kubrick as a potential director; however, Kubrick turned down the offer, explaining to John Lennon that he thought the novel could not be adapted into a film due to its immensity. The eventual director of the film adaptation Peter Jackson further explained that a major hindrance to the project's progression was Tolkien's opposition to the involvement

text: farewells for the cast and crew. The film has the most extensive list of re-shoots given for the trilogy. Jackson took his time to re-shoot Aragorn's coronation, rushed into a single day under second unit director Geoff Murphy on 21 December 2000. Jackson also re-shot scenes in and around Mount Doom, and Théoden's death, right after Bernard Hill was meant to wrap. There was also the new character of Gothmog. This was a major new design addition for the film, as Jackson felt the Mordor Orcs were "pathetic" compared to the Uruk-hai of the second film after watching assembly cuts,

text: alone. The Fellowship is then ambushed by the Uruk-hai. Merry and Pippin are taken captive, and Boromir is mortally wounded by the Uruk chieftain. After slaying the chieftain, Aragorn watches Boromir die peacefully. Sam follows Frodo, accompanying him to keep his promise to Gandalf to protect Frodo, while Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli go to rescue Merry and Pippin. Before filming began on 11 October 1999, the principal actors trained for six weeks in sword fighting (with Bob Anderson), riding and boating. Jackson hoped such activities would allow the cast to bond so chemistry would be evident on screen as well

title: The Lord of the Rings (film series)

text: having her kill the Witch-king. Trouble struck when Marty Katz was sent to New Zealand. Spending four months there, he told Miramax that the films were more likely to cost $150 million, and with Miramax unable to finance this, and with $15 million already spent, they decided to merge the two films into one. On 17 June 1998, Bob Weinstein presented a treatment of a single two-hour film version of the book. He suggested cutting Bree and the Battle of Helm's Deep, "losing or using" Saruman, merging Rohan and Gondor with Éowyn as Boromir's sister, shortening Rivendell and Moria as

text: not need to be filmed separately as a third height variation. Large- and small-scale doubles were used in certain scenes, while entire duplicates of certain sets (including Bag End in Hobbiton) were built at two different scales, so that the characters would appear to be the appropriate size. At one point in the film, Frodo runs along a corridor in Bag End, followed by Gandalf. Elijah Wood and Ian McKellen were filmed in separate versions of the same corridor, built at two different scales, and a fast camera pan conceals the edit between the two. Forced perspective was also employed,

text: so that it would look as though the short hobbits were interacting with taller Men and Elves. Even the simple use of kneeling down, to the filmmakers' surprise, turned out to be an effective method in creating the illusion. For the battle between the Last Alliance and Sauron's forces that begins the film, an elaborate CGI animation system, called MASSIVE, was developed by Stephen Regelous; it allowed thousands of individual animated characters, or "agents" in the program to act independently. This helped give the illusion of realism to the battle sequences. The "Making of" Lord of the Rings DVD reports

text: ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. "The Fellowship of the Ring" was acknowledged as the second best film in the fantasy genre. The film was also listed as the 50th best film in the 2007 list AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition). The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" (1954–1955). It is the

title: Tolkien fandom

text: and appealed to those irritated by the film's changes to the original text. A fan edit of the theatrical cut of "" exists, called "The Two Towers: The Purist Edit". Most of the changes are incorporated into "The Lord of the Rings - The Purist Edition", another fan edit which turns the entire trilogy into an eight-hour film without most of the changes. Tolkienology is a term used by Tolkien fans to describe the study of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien treating Middle-earth as a real ancient history, conducting research from an "in-universe" perspective. This differs from Tolkien


question: what song is played while raising the american flag

answers: Reveille

answers: "Reveille"

title: Majulah Singapura

text: 2012 Summer Olympics. It is conventional for persons present when the national anthem is performed to stand with their arms by their sides. When the national flag is raised or lowered and the anthem is played, persons in military or paramilitary uniforms who are outdoors don their head dress and face the flag. If they are in formation under the orders of a commander, only the commander salutes; otherwise, all service personnel salute. Saluting is unnecessary if service personnel are indoors when a flag raising or lowering ceremony takes place. In such cases, persons need only stop what they are

title: U.S. national anthem protests

text: season long before being finally noticed in February 2003, said that she was also protesting the United States' involvement in Iraq, as well as a growing disparity between the rich and the poor. During one of her team's games on February 23, 2003, a fan named Jerry Kiley, a self-described Vietnam veteran, ran onto the court and confronted her with an American flag, saying, "She has not earned the right to disrespect the flag." In 2004, Carlos Delgado of the Toronto Blue Jays Major League Baseball team decided he would no longer stand during the song, "God Bless America" out

title: God Bless America

text: home against the New Jersey Devils. During Tom Golisano's time as owner of the Buffalo Sabres, the team occasionally substituted "God Bless America" for "The Star-Spangled Banner" during certain special events. When this occurred, Ronan Tynan was brought in to sing the song while usual anthem singer Doug Allen sang "O Canada." At Chicago's Wrigley Field during the Vietnam War, the song was often played by the organist as part of his postgame playlist while fans filed out of the stadium. Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, "God Bless America" is commonly sung during the seventh-inning stretch in Major

title: 1918 World Series

text: to play the Star-Spangled Banner, Red Sox infielder Fred Thomas—who was in the Navy and had been granted furlough to play in the World Series—immediately turned toward the American flag and gave it a military salute, according to the Chicago Tribune. Other players turned to the flag with hands over hearts, and the already-standing crowd began to sing. At the song's conclusion, the previously quiet fans erupted in thunderous applause. At the time, the New York Times reported that it "marked the highest point of the day's enthusiasm." The song would be played at each of the Series' remaining games,

title: Reveille

text: In modern times, the U.S. military plays (or sounds) "Reveille" in the morning, generally near sunrise, though its exact time varies from base to base. On U.S. Army posts and Air Force bases, "Reveille" is played by itself or followed by the bugle call "To the Colors" at which time the national flag is raised and all U.S. military personnel outdoors are required to come to attention and present a salute in uniform, either to the flag or in the direction of the music if the flag is not visible. While in formation, soldiers are brought to the position of parade rest while "Reveille" plays then called to attention and present arms as the national flag is raised. On board U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard facilities, the flag is generally raised at 0800 (8 am) while "The Star Spangled Banner" or the bugle call "To the Colors" is played. On some U.S. military bases, "Reveille" is accompanied by a cannon shot.

title: American patriotic music

text: a significant number of patriotic songs in the Big Band and Swing format. Popular patriotic songs of the time included "Remember Pearl Harbor" and "God Bless America". Patriotic songs in the later half of the 20th century included "Ballad of the Green Berets" during the Vietnam War and Lee Greenwood's "God Bless the USA" during the years of the first Gulf War and again after the September 11, 2001 attacks. American patriotic music American patriotic music is a part of the culture and history of the United States since its founding in the 18th century and has served to encourage

title: Northwestern University Wildcat Marching Band

text: to the turn of its fight songs "Downfield" and "Push On". NUMB continues with its "Patriotic Medley", featuring renditions of "You're A Grand Old Flag" and "God Bless America". The drill includes forming an American flag, and animating the form to make the flag appear that it is waving in the wind. The show continues with a performance of the visiting team's fight song, which is immediately followed by the main Northwestern fight song "Go U Northwestern!". The band forms a sculpted "N" during the fight song, which then breaks into a tunnel which the football team runs through to

title: The Star Spangled Banner (Whitney Houston recording)

text: point when Houston sings "through the night that our flag was still there," the camera cuts to a close-up of the American flag waving at the top of the stadium. Throughout the performance, there are medium shots and close-ups of the audience waving small American flags. With Houston throwing her arms into the air, the scene is made complete with four F-16 fighter jets from the 56th Tactical Training Wing at MacDill Air Force Base flying over as the performance's grand finale. The patriotic feeling of Houston's stirring cover resonated strongly with the public. Due to overwhelming response to her

text: National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China The National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China (), also unofficially known as the "National Banner Song", is a patriotic song typically played during the raising and lowering of the flag of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan. It is also played at international sporting events such as the World Baseball Classic and Olympic Games, where Taiwan participates officially under the name of Chinese Taipei. The song is thus considered to be in effect a secondary national anthem; Taiwanese citizens stand when it is performed and salute it as

title: Himno Nacional Mexicano

text: scholastic or sport character. The anthem can also be played to render honors to the Mexican flag and to the President of Mexico. If the national anthem is being used to honor the national flag or the President, the short version of the anthem is played. Article 43 says that special musical honors may be paid to the President and the flag, but no more than once during the same ceremony. Article 44 says that during solemn occasions, if a choir is singing the anthem, the military bands will keep silent. Article 45 says that those who are watching the

title: Salute

text: can be considered appropriate civilian salutes. A more formal hat tip-and-lift is common in Britain, especially by doormen in hotels. In Ireland, citizens stand at attention when the national anthem "Amhrán na bhFiann" is played. They either sing or remain completely silent during the playing of the anthem. This practice usually takes place before Gaelic Games begin. It is also observed at bars and pubs if live music is played. When the performer(s) are finished playing it is traditional to perform the national anthem but less common in recent years. In many countries, gestures such as tipping one's hat when

title: Pan American Games

text: anthems are played: the flag of the current host country and the flag of the country hosting the next Pan American Games. The president of the organizing committee and the president of PASO make their closing speeches, the Games are officially closed, and the Pan American Games family is invited to participate at the next Games. The Pan American flame is then extinguished. In what is known as the Antwerp Ceremony, the mayor of the city that organized the Games transfers a special Pan American Games flag to the president of PASO, who then passes it on to the mayor

text: Boys the Old Flag Never Touched the Ground "Boys the Old Flag Never Touched The Ground" is a patriotic song that was sung at events about the Medal of Honor recipient Sgt. William H. Carney of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. The song was written by Bob Cole, James Weldon Johnson, and J. Rosamond Johnson and was sung in their Broadway musical "Shoo Fly Regiment." It was published in 1901. They dedicated the song to Carney. It celebrates his actions during the Battle of Fort Wagner during the American Civil War. After Carney's death in 1908, Henry Mather and George

title: The Star-Spangled Banner

text: throughout most of the 20th century many people simply stood at attention or with their hands folded in front of them during the playing of the Anthem, and when reciting the Pledge they would hold their hand (or hat) over their heart. After 9/11, the custom of placing the hand over the heart during the playing of the national anthem became nearly universal. Since 1998, federal law (viz., the United States Code ) states that during a rendition of the national anthem, when the flag is displayed, all present including those in uniform should stand at attention; Non-military service individuals

text: Taipei." However, in the 16th Asian Games held in Guangzhou, China, the song was introduced as the "Anthem of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee" (中華臺北奧會會歌), with new lyrics written by Zhang Bide (張彼德). In schools and national monuments in Taiwan, the National Anthem and the National Flag Anthem are played every morning before classes or opening at an outdoor ceremony. The national anthem is sung while the flag is being held before raising and the National Flag Anthem is played when the National Flag is raised. According to Liu Yiling from National Library of the Republic of China, there is

title: American Anthem

text: American Anthem American Anthem is a 1986 American sports drama film produced by Lorimar Motion Pictures and released in North America by Columbia Pictures. It was directed by Albert Magnoli, and starred Mitch Gaylord and Janet Jones. The subject of the film was a football player turned gymnast who was seeking to join the United States Olympic gymnastics team. Gaylord was a member of the gold-medal U.S. men's gymnastics team at the 1984 Summer Olympics. The soundtrack was released on CD, LP and cassette by Atlantic Records. The film received aggressively negative reviews from famed critics Gene Siskel and Roger

title: National anthem

text: of the gold medal winner is played at each medal ceremony; also played before games in many sports leagues, since being adopted in baseball during World War II. When teams from two different nations play each other, the anthems of both nations are played, the host nation's anthem being played last. In some countries, the national anthem is played to students each day at the start of school as an exercise in patriotism, such as in Tanzania. In other countries the state anthem may be played in a theatre before a play or in a cinema before a movie. Many

title: Performances and adaptations of The Star-Spangled Banner

text: (adjusting one's protective cup and spitting on the ground), which drew widespread complaints, including from then-President George H.W. Bush. She has not been asked to sing again at a baseball game since. Twenty-two years later, during Roseanne's Comedy Central Roast, she closed her routine by singing the lines of the anthem that were not sung during the infamous performance. At the 1989 World Series opener, after singing "that our flag was", the Yale Whiffenpoofs sang "still there" twice, in the process omitting the second "Oh". Until that point, several of the Whiffenpoofs sang the National Anthem while the other members

title: God Bless America

text: you please rise and remove your hats and salute to our flags and welcome the No. 1 ranked anthemist in the NHL, Our very own Lauren Hart, as she sings (if the visiting team is from Canada, O Canada, followed by) God Bless America, accompanied by the great Kate Smith." At some Senators home games since , if the visiting team is from the U.S., their main anthem singer, Ontario Provincial Police Constable Lyndon Slewidge, has sung "God Bless America" and "O Canada." An example of this came during the Senators' home opener during the 2002-03 season, when they were

title: Dallas Stars

text: semi-finalist on American Idol. During The Star-Spangled Banner, the fans yell the word "stars" in the lines "whose broad stripes and bright stars" and "O say does that star spangled banner yet wave." At games, as part of the entertainment, a Kahlenberg KDT-123 fog horn sounds after every Stars goal. When the Stars take the ice at the beginning of each game, the song "Puck Off" (also referred to as the "Dallas Stars Fight Song") by Pantera, is played in the arena. Members of the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area band had become friends with members of the Stars in the

title: U.S. national anthem protests

text: salute was a political demonstration conducted by African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their medal ceremony at the 1968 Summer Olympics in the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City. After having won gold and bronze medals, respectively, in the 200 meter running event, they turned on the podium to face their flags, and to hear the American national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". Each athlete raised a black-gloved fist, and kept them raised until the anthem had finished. In addition, Smith, Carlos, and Australian silver medalist Peter Norman all wore human rights badges on their jackets. In his autobiography, "Silent

title: Culture of Thailand

text: stop what they are doing and stand at attention to pay homage to the flag during the anthem. Students in school stand in front of the raised flag and sing the national anthem at 08:00 every school day. The practice dates from 1935 when the regulations for the raising and lowering of the colours was published in the "Royal Gazette". The Flag Act of 1979 decreed that those who do not observe the custom by standing in silence during the anthem are subject to a fine of up to 2,000 baht and not more than one year in prison. In

title: American flag rugby

text: American flag rugby American flag rugby (AFR) is a mixed-gender, non-contact version of rugby union and is a variant of the sport Tag Rugby. American flag rugby is designed for American children entering grades K–9. The organization itself exists to provide free start up kits and support to any community looking to add a youth rugby program to their community. The program has received great praise in the USA including an article in Rugby magazine and a spot on Fox Sports Net. The initial program from Morris County has helped create various other programs start up and now encompasses thousands

title: U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)

text: is a tradition in the United States to play "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem, before sporting events. According to the United States Code, those present should stand at attention with right hand over heart. It's noteworthy, this tradition only acquired widespread practice after the year 2001, while National Football League (NFL) players were not mandated to be on the field for the playing of the national anthem until 2009. In 2016 the NFL stated that "players are encouraged but not required to stand during the playing of the National Anthem"; its game operations manual reads that players "should stand"

title: Kate Smith

text: was the grand marshal for the 1976 Rose Parade and Rose Bowl game. She sang "God Bless America" before the Ohio State–UCLA game at the Rose Bowl, which UCLA won 23–10. Smith's rendition of "God Bless America" is also played during the seventh-inning stretch of New York Yankees home games. Proceeds or money from her performances of "God Bless America" are donated to the Boy Scouts or Girl Scouts. Smith, who never married, rented several apartments in Manhattan during her long career. She had a home in Arlington, Virginia, and kept a summer home on a small island in Lake

title: America's Song

text: America's Song "America's Song" is a patriotic song written by will.i.am, David Foster and George Pajon, Jr. The song is performed by will.i.am, Seal, Bono, Mary J. Blige, and Faith Hill, with David Foster appearing on piano. The song's live debut, at the Kennedy Center, was broadcast live on a special edition of "The Oprah Winfrey Show" aired on January 19, 2009, in honor of the next day's inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States. The songwriting collaboration is a first between Foster and will.i.am. Regarding his intentions for the song, will.i.am said to Oprah Winfrey on

title: God Bless America

text: accompanied by the UCLA Band at the 1976 Rose Bowl. During the Super Bowl LI halftime show, a pre-recorded intro, recorded by Lady Gaga, who headlined the halftime show, was played featuring this song and "This Land is Your Land". The Indianapolis 500 is traditionally held at the end of May, and "God Bless America" has been sung there since 2003. The song "America the Beautiful" was sung before, but it was switched to "God Bless America" in the post-9/11 era. The song for many years was performed by Florence Henderson, a native Hoosier, and a friend of the Hulman-George

title: American patriotic music

text: American patriotic music American patriotic music is a part of the culture and history of the United States since its founding in the 18th century and has served to encourage feelings of honor for the country's forefathers and for national unity. These songs include hymns, military themes, national songs, and music from stage and screen, as well as songs adapted from poems. Much of American patriotic music owes its origins to six main wars—the American Revolution, the American Indian Wars, the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the American Civil War, and the Spanish–American War. During the period prior to

title: Flag of the United States

text: which is now the American national anthem. The flag is currently on display in the exhibition, "The Star-Spangled Banner: The Flag That Inspired the National Anthem" at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History in a two-story display chamber that protects the flag while it is on view. On April 4, 1818, a plan was passed by Congress at the suggestion of U.S. Naval Captain Samuel C. Reid in which the flag was changed to have 20 stars, with a new star to be added when each new state was admitted, but the number of stripes would be reduced

title: Baseball rules

text: Game". However, since the September 11, 2001 attacks, "God Bless America" has often been added to it, especially at games in New York City and Washington, D.C., as well as during the All-Star Game and the postseason. In Atlanta and Baltimore it has been a tradition since 1974 to play "Thank God I'm A Country Boy" after "Take Me Out To The Ballgame" during the seventh-inning stretch. At Boston's Fenway Park, a tradition has brought the singing of "Sweet Caroline" in the middle of the eighth inning. Each team is allowed to substitute for any player at any time the

title: Reveille

short_answers: "Reveille" Reveille


question: during which season does cape town receive rainfall

answers: winter

answers: summer

title: Cape Town

text: receives 3,100 hours of sunshine per year. Water temperatures range greatly, between on the Atlantic Seaboard, to over in False Bay. Average annual Ocean temperatures are between on the Atlantic Seaboard (similar to Californian waters, such as San Francisco or Big Sur), and in False Bay (similar to Northern Mediterranean temperatures, such as Nice or Monte Carlo). As of 2018, Cape Town is experiencing a water crisis, following a drought that began in 2015, which is said to be the worst that the region has experienced in one hundred years. Despite Day Zero (the day when Cape Town's taps will

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: plant species, and inadequate response to imposed restrictions. Although the rainfall pattern tends to cycle between different stations, there were a clear decline since 2016. A study conducted by the Climate System Analysis Group at the University of Cape Town undertook statistical analyses and determined that the low rainfall between the years 2015 and 2017 was a very rare and extreme event. Some scientists believe that the drought may have been exacerbated by climate change with a one degree Celsius increase in temperature over the past century. Models predict that the average temperature in Cape Town will increase by another

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: certain times, using a watering can or bucket but not a hose, to wash cars using a bucket, and to top up swimming pools as long as the pool is fitted with a cover to prevent evaporation. Research on long-term weather data done by the University of Cape Town found that the period from 2015-2017 had been the driest 3-year period since 1933, and 2017 was the driest year since 1933, and possibly earlier, since comparable data before 1933 was not available. It also found that a drought of this severity would statistically occur approximately once every 300 years. The

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: with the export fruit industry employs about 340,000 workers and contributes more than 10% to the Province's economy. The wine industry drew 1.5 million tourists in 2017 and together with the export fruit growing sector normally uses about 30% of the water from the sources that also supply Cape Town. Depending on the region, a vineyard needs between 10 and 24 inches of rain to survive. In 2017 local vineyards received on average half their precipitation which resulted in water stress, causing smaller yields. The returns on investment of the local wine and fruit industries are very low although the

title: Climate of South Africa

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: 0.25 degrees Celsius in the next ten years, which may increase the likelihood and severity of drought. Climate modelling suggests a likely decrease in rainfall, and it has been suggested that the recent drought may be the first evidence supporting this prediction. There is additional concern that several other cities may have similar occurrences of water scarcity. A concern is that the Western Cape Water Supply System is based on the hydrological records of previous years. Climate change may alter precipitation patterns, leading to less stable sources of water and higher rates of water evaporation. Agriculture uses about 29% of

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: the water supplied by the Western Cape Water Supply System, and was also severely restricted during the period of drought. After good rains in 2013 and 2014, the City of Cape Town began experiencing a drought in 2015, the first of three consecutive years of dry winters brought on possibly by the El Niño weather pattern and perhaps by climate change. Water levels in the City's dams declined from 71.9 percent in 2014 to 50.1 percent in 2015. On 1 January 2016, previous water restrictions of Level 1 from 2005 had been lifted to Level 2 by the City and

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: on 1 November 2016 it elevated these to Level 3, when the Department of Water and Sanitation gazetted water restrictions for urban and agricultural use. Significant droughts in other parts of South Africa ended in August 2016 when heavy rain and flooding occurred in the interior of the country, but the drought in the Western Cape remained. The City increased water restrictions to Level 3B on 1 February 2017 and by the end of the dry season in May 2017, the drought was declared the City's worst in a century, with storage in dams being less than 10 percent of

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: on 26 October 2017 it was announced that the Cape Town City Manager would be given special powers to take drought-related actions that would not have to follow the City's normal decision making and approval process. This announcement came after a review of the City's decision making processes found that the City of Cape Town failed to adequately and timeously deal with the disaster." On 1 January 2018 the City declared Level 6 water restrictions of 87 litres per person per day. In February 2018, the City increased restrictions to Level 6B limiting usage to 50 litres per person per

title: South Africa

text: by the government to improve service standards and provide investment subsidies to the water industry. The eastern parts of South Africa suffer from periodic droughts linked to the El Niño weather phenomenon. In early 2018, Cape Town, which has different weather patterns to the rest of the country, faced a water crisis as the city's water supply was predicted to run dry before the end of June. Water-saving measures were in effect that required each citizen to use less than a day. South Africa is a nation of about 55 million (2016) people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions.

title: South Africa

text: moderately high year-round rainfall, especially in the George-Knysna-Plettenberg Bay region, which is known as the Garden Route. It is famous for the most extensive areas of indigenous forests in South Africa (a generally forest-poor country). In the south-west corner of the country, the Cape Peninsula forms the southernmost tip of the coastal strip which borders the Atlantic Ocean, and ultimately terminates at the country's border with Namibia at the Orange River. The Cape Peninsula has a Mediterranean climate, making it and its immediate surrounds the only portion of Africa south of the Sahara which receives most of its rainfall in

title: Walvis Bay

text: of the driest cities on earth. Despite its dry climate, the city is relatively humid. Average relative humidity throughout the year remains above 80%. The warmest month is February with average temperature , while the coolest months are August and September with average temperature . The diurnal temperature range is also low, averaging only 5.7 °C (10.2 °F). As one of the effects of manmade climate change, there has also been considerable warming at the airport in recent years. On 17 May 2015, the temperature at Rooikop near Walvis Bay International Airport reached 37.4 °C. Walvis Bay is governed by

title: Worcester, Western Cape

text: micro-climates. In the Breede River, Botha, Slanghoek and Goudini wards the soils are sandy loams with a varying loose stone content and a fairly high, free water table. Along the river banks in the Nuy, Doornrivier, Aan De Doorns and Overhex wards, fertile alluvial and calcareous clayish soils can be found. The annual average rainfall in the Slanghoek area is in excess of 1500mm, in contrast with a low 300mm in the Nuy and Scherpenheuvel areas to the east and southeast. George Parker owned a shop and managed the first Post Office on the south side of town, from 1824

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: shut off most of the municipal water supply if conditions did not change. Level 7 water restrictions, "Day Zero", would be declared when the water level of the major dams supplying the City reached 13.5%. Municipal water supplies would largely be switched off, and residents would have to rely on 149 water collection points around the City to collect a daily ration of 25 litres of water per person. This would further affect Cape Town's economy, because employees would have to take time off from work to wait in line for water. Water supply would be maintained in the City's

title: South Island

text: rain along the West Coast and the least rain on the East Coast, predominantly on the Canterbury Plains. Christchurch is the driest city, receiving about 640 mm (25 in) of rain per year while Invercargill is the wettest, receiving about 1,150 mm (45 in). The southern and south-western parts of South Island have a cooler and cloudier climate, with around 1,400–1,600 hours of sunshine annually; the northern and north-eastern parts of the South Island are the sunniest areas and receive about 2,400–2,500 hours. The South Island has 15 named maritime fiords which are all located in the southwest of the

title: Gove Peninsula

text: October, and the wet from November to April. During the dry, temperatures range from 15 to 18 degrees Celsius at night to 28 to 30 degrees Celsius during the day. There is virtually no rainfall, clear blue skies and cool ocean breezes. The wet season brings the monsoon weather with hot and humid days ranging from 31 to 35 degrees Celsius and warm nights. Electrical storms are spectacular and there can be cyclonic activity. Humidity is high and rainfall averages between 100 and 300 milli-metres per month with an annual rainfall around 1100 milli-metres. Yolngu however recognise eight seasons derived

title: Western Cape

text: considered to have a Mediterranean climate with cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. Both the Great Karoo and Little Karoo, in the interior, have an arid to semi-arid climate with cold, frosty winters and hot summers with occasional thunderstorms. The Garden Route and the Overberg on the south coast have a maritime climate with cool, moist winters and mild, moist summers. Mossel Bay in the Garden Route is considered to have the second mildest climate worldwide after Hawaii. Thunderstorms are generally rare in the province (except in the Karoo) with most precipitation being of a frontal or orographic nature.

title: Water supply and sanitation in South Africa

text: it has promoted rainwater harvesting, mini hydropower and urine-diverting dry toilets. On February 13, 2018, the country declared a national disaster in Cape Town as the city's water supply was predicted to run dry before the end of June. With its dams only 24.9% full, water saving measures were in effect that required each citizen to use less than 50 litres a day. All nine of the country's provinces were effected by what the government characterized as the "magnitude and severity" of a three-year drought. According to UN-endorsed projections, Cape Town is one of eleven major world cities that are

title: South Africa

text: South Africa occur between June and August. The extreme southwest has a climate remarkably similar to that of the Mediterranean with wet winters and hot, dry summers, hosting the famous fynbos biome of shrubland and thicket. This area also produces much of the wine in South Africa. This region is also particularly known for its wind, which blows intermittently almost all year. The severity of this wind made passing around the Cape of Good Hope particularly treacherous for sailors, causing many shipwrecks. Further east on the south coast, rainfall is distributed more evenly throughout the year, producing a green landscape.

title: Cape Town

text: real estate industries. With a Gini coefficient of 0.67, Cape Town has the highest rate of equality in South Africa. Cape Town is located at latitude 33.55° S (approx. the same as Sydney and Buenos Aires and equivalent to Casablanca and Los Angeles in the northern hemisphere) and longitude 18.25° E. Table Mountain, with its near vertical cliffs and flat-topped summit over high, and with Devil's Peak and Lion's Head on either side, together form a dramatic mountainous backdrop enclosing the central area of Cape Town, the so-called City Bowl. A thin strip of cloud, known colloquially as the "tablecloth",

title: Climate of Africa

text: including snowboarding in the Cape is a hit-and-miss affair, both in terms of timing of snowfalls, and whether there is sufficient snow to cover the rocks. Table Mountain gets a light dusting of snow on the Front Table and also at Devil's Peak every few years. Snowfalls on Table Mountain took place on 20 September 2013; 30 Aug 2013; 5 August 2011; and on 15 June 2010. Snow is a rare occurrence in Johannesburg; it fell in May 1956, August 1962, June 1964, September 1981, August 2006, and on 27 June 2007, accumulating up to in the southern suburbs. Additionally,

title: Cape storm (2017)

text: Cape storm (2017) An unusually large south Atlantic storm struck the southern coast of South Africa on the 7 June 2017 with wind speeds as high as 120 km/h. Wave heights of 9–12 metres were recorded between Cape Columbine and Cape Agulhas. The storm directly caused eight deaths and damaged 135 schools across the Western Cape. Around 800 homes were flooded across the city of Cape Town due to the storm. Despite dropping up to 50 mm of rain the storm did not break the Cape Town water crisis affecting the region. High winds of 50 km/h caused by the

title: Richards Bay

text: received no schooling at all. However, this data reflects the uMhlathuze municipality as a whole. Richards Bay is characterised by a subtropical climate that very closely resembles a tropical climate as only two months have an average temperature of below 18 °C There are warm wet summers and mild moist to dry winters, which are frost-free. The town has an average annual rainfall of 1228 millimeters (48.3 in). The average annual temperature is 21.5 °C (71 °F), with daytime maxima peaking from January to March at 29 °C (84 °F), and the minimum is 21 °C (70 °F), dropping to

title: Bulawayo

text: rainy season, daytime maxima are around 26 °C (79 °F). Nights are always cool, ranging from 8 °C (46 °F) in July to 16 °C (61 °F) in January. The city's average annual rainfall is , which supports a natural vegetation of open woodland, dominated by Combretum and Terminalia trees. Most rain falls in the December to February period, while June to August is usually rainless. Being close to the Kalahari Desert, Bulawayo is vulnerable to droughts and rainfall tends to vary sharply from one year to another. In 1978, of rain fell in the three months up to February

title: Cape Town water crisis

text: urban users were relatively successful in reducing water demand, the severe drought from 2015 to 2017, perhaps with a recurrence interval of about 1 in 300 years, required the City and all users to implement severe restrictions. The cause of the water crisis in the Western Cape was the extreme drought that exceeded the planning norms of the Department of Water and Sanitation, which is responsible for the planning of all surface and ground water supplies. It is believed that water scarcity, caused by an extreme drought, was exacerbated by 50% population growth in the last decade, agricultural usage, invasive

title: Climate of Mumbai

text: of the city to be waterlogged during periods of persistent heavy rain. This affects the city's public transport system often leading to long delays. During periods of severe precipitation, the city's commuter rail system is often suspended because of water logging and poor visibility. The average maximum temperature for the month is around 29.8 °C with the average minimum at 25.5 °C. The highest rainfall in the history of Mumbai was recorded on 26 July 2005. On this day, a record 944 mm rainfall fell over the city, causing large scale flooding, claiming several lives and causing large scale property

title: Cape York Peninsula

text: November to April, during which time the forest becomes almost uninhabitable, and a dry season from May to October. The temperature is warm to hot, with a cooler climate in higher areas. The mean annual temperatures range from at higher elevations to on the lowlands in the drier southwest. Temperatures over and below are rare. Annual rainfall is high, ranging from over in the Iron Range and north of Weipa to about at the southern border. Almost all this rain falls between November and April, and only on the eastern slopes of the Iron Range is the median rainfall between

title: Cape Town

text: run dry) now being pushed back well into 2019, the water crisis still exists and residents still have to follow strict restrictions. If Day Zero is reached next year, the city's taps will be turned off and people will have to queue at allocated taps in the city for a daily limit of a day. Located in a CI Biodiversity hotspot as well as the unique Cape Floristic Region, the city of Cape Town has one of the highest levels of biodiversity of any equivalent area in the world. These protected areas are a World Heritage Site, and an estimated

title: Berg wind

text: is then followed by cool onshore winds which bring low cloud, fog or drizzle to the region, but may, on occasions, produce substantial precipitation when coupled to an approaching cold front. Coastal lows are a common feature of the coastal weather in South Africa with an average of about 5 lows of varying intensities passing through Port Elizabeth per month. They are shallow (not more than 1000–1500 m deep), mesoscale (medium sized) systems that are generally not more than 100–200 km across, trapped on the coastal plain by the escarpment on the inland side, Coriolis effects on the oceanic side,

title: Geography of South Africa

text: such as heatwaves, flooding and drought. According to computer generated climate modelling produced by the South African National Biodiversity Institute parts of southern Africa will see an increase in temperature by about one degree Celsius along the coast to more than four degrees Celsius in the already hot hinterland such as the Northern Cape in late spring and summertime by 2050. The Cape Floral Kingdom, identified as one of the global biodiversity hotspots, is predicted to be hit very hard by climate change. Drought, increased intensity and frequency of fire and climbing temperatures are expected to push many rare species

title: Climate of South Africa

long_answer: South Africa is a sunny country, averaging 8-10 daily sunshine hours in most regions. The average annual rainfall for South Africa is 450ml(compared to a global average of 860ml) but large and unpredictable variations are common. Overall, rainfall is greatest in the east and gradually decreases westward, with some semi-desert areas along the western edge of South Africa. For most of the country, rain falls mainly in the summer months with brief afternoon thunderstorms. The exception is the Western Cape and its capital city Cape Town where the climate is Mediterranean and it rains more in the wintertime.In the winter months, snow collects on the high mountains of the Cape and the Drakensberg.


question: when did the dust bowl end in oklahoma

answers: 1940

title: 2007 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: OU, Buffalo kicker Kevin Eberhart kicked a 41-yard field goal to make the score 24-10, with OU up by 14. Following the kickoff and a six-yard rush by Patrick, Bradford was intercepted by Colorado defender Ryan Walters at the Colorado 38-yard line. The fourth quarter began with the Buffaloes on 3rd and goal at the Oklahoma 4. Unable to convert on third down, they went for it on fourth down and made it into the endzone. Four drives later, one ending in a missed field goal by the Buffaloes followed by another interception of Bradford, the Buffaloes scored again, tying

title: 1981 Sun Bowl

text: halftime. Michael Keeling gave Oklahoma the lead back on his 32-yard field goal in the third quarter. On the ensuing Houston drive, Robert Durham caught a pass from Wilson at the Sooner 47, and he dashed for what seemed to be a sure touchdown. But at the 3-yard line, Elbert Watts knocked the ball away, and the ball went out of the end zone for a touchback. A few plays later (highlighted by a 42 run by Shepard) ended with a touchdown plunge by Shephard to make it 14–10 early in the fourth quarter. A 14 yard punt by Houston

title: 2007 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: Savage ran for 12 yards before being tackled at Oklahoma's one-yard line. Oklahoma State tried three rushing plays up the middle but were stuffed by Oklahoma's defense. On the fourth attempt, rather than kick a field goal, the Cowboy offense tried one last time to get in the endzone. Rather than run straight up the middle as they had tried the previous three times, quarterback Zac Robinson rushed to the right but was tackled by Curtis Lofton. The ball popped loose and Oklahoma's D.J. Wolfe recovered it and was tackled at the Oklahoma 13 yard line. Oklahoma followed with another

title: 2006–07 NCAA football bowl games

text: Stadium in Glendale, Arizona on New Year's Day. Many sports journalists hailed the game as an "instant classic" for its dramatic ending. Oklahoma scored 25 straight points in the second half to rally from an 18-point deficit and take the lead; the teams combined to score 22 points in the final 90 seconds. The Broncos used three successful trick plays to get to overtime then win the game: a hook and lateral play on 4th-and-18 to score the tying touchdown with seven seconds left, a halfback option pass for an overtime touchdown on 4th-and-2, and a Statue of Liberty play

title: Dust Bowl

title: 2007 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: then kept the Tigers out of the endzone, ultimately forcing another Wolfert field goal. The score at this point was 7–6, Oklahoma. The Sooners got the ball but could not do anything with it, punting it away from the 50-yard line. Missouri promptly threw three incomplete passes and punted it back to Oklahoma, where it went out of bounds at the 50. Oklahoma passed its way into the redzone on this drive, and then rushed their way into the endzone, ending with a 2-yard play by Chris Brown for the score. Hartley's extra point was good, making the score 14–6,

title: 2007 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: Maclin ended up with the ball and passed it to Martin Rucker, who was wide open in the endzone. Oklahoma got the ball back with 5 seconds on the clock and took a knee, ending the first half with a score of 14–14. The teams exchanged punts to start off the third quarter. Missouri pushed down to the Oklahoma 25 before a sack and a penalty pushed them out of field goal range and forced them to give up the ball. Oklahoma then completed a 7 play, 80 yard drive culminating in a 4-yard Allen Patrick touchdown. Hartley's extra point

title: 1993 John Hancock Bowl

text: #25 Kansas State & #2 Nebraska, respectively). This was Oklahoma's first Sun Bowl since 1981. Dwayne Chandler scored on a two-yard touchdown to give Oklahoma a quick lead less than two minutes into the game that culminated a 37-yard drive in 47 seconds. Rickey Brady made it 14-0 on Oklahoma's next possession (7 plays for 69 yards) to with 3:30 in the quarter. Tech responded with a field goal by Jon Davis from 22 yards out with 5:24 in the half. But Oklahoma took advantage of the time left in the half to score twice. Corey Warren caught a pass

title: Dust Bowl

text: refers to the event itself (the term "Dirty Thirties" is also sometimes used). The drought and erosion of the Dust Bowl affected that centered on the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma and touched adjacent sections of New Mexico, Colorado, and Kansas. The Dust Bowl forced tens of thousands of poverty-stricken families to abandon their farms, unable to pay mortgages or grow crops, and losses reached $25 million per day by 1936 (). Many of these families, who were often known as "Okies" because so many of them came from Oklahoma, migrated to California and other states to find that the

title: 2009 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: goal. Tulsa then started their drive and managed to progress to Oklahoma's 12-yard line. However, Tulsa quarterback G.J. Kinne's pass was intercepted in the end zone. Starting at their own two-yard line, Oklahoma was unable to progress and was forced to punt the ball back to Tulsa who subsequently missed a 50-yard field goal. Oklahoma ended the first quarter with a touchdown pass from QB Landry Jones to wide receiver Brandon Caleb. Tulsa opened the second quarter with a drive that led them back to the Oklahoma 12-yard line, where Oklahoma defensive players promptly forced a fumble, and recovered. Oklahoma

title: 2007 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: Sooners responded 49 seconds later thanks to a 34-yard touchdown run by Allen Patrick. The Sooners added three more off of a 28-yard Garrett Hartley field goal to go into halftime with a 17–7 lead. The second half began with a three-and-out by OU. Three plays later, Wolfe made his second interception on Buffalo QB Cody Hawkins and returned it 28 yards to the Colorado 17. On the next play, Patrick ran it in for a TD. These would be the last points scored by the Sooners for the rest of the game. Three drives later, including another three-and-out by

title: The Kick (college football)

text: to take a 28–20 lead. Oklahoma would score a touchdown late in the game, but the game-tying two-point conversion attempt failed. It appeared at that point that Oklahoma was going to lose. However, Oklahoma recovered Schamann's onside kick with just enough time to set up a potential game-winning field goal. After a pass got the Sooners in von Schamann's range, Switzer called back-to-back running plays to set up the ball at mid-field. As the clock ticked down, he called time with six seconds left. The kick would be the final play of the game. Woody Hayes called timeout to ice

title: 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: a 28-yard field goal by OSU sophomore kicker Dan Bailey ended the quarter with OU up 7–3. The second quarter was higher scoring than the first, but still less so than the last two. On a drive that started in the first quarter, the Cowboys scored a TD on a 23-yard pass from QB Robinson to sophomore RB Kendall Hunter. After the kickoff, the Sooners went on a 14 play, 79-yard drive highlighted by a 14-yard run by RB Murray to start off the drive, a 21-yard pass from sophomore quarterback Sam Bradford to Quentin Chaney, and a 2-yard TD-rush

title: 1957 college football season

text: the 3-yard line on fourth down, when Dick Lynch "crossed up the Sooners" and ran around right end for a touchdown. Oklahoma's desperate passing drive at game's end was stopped by a Notre Dame interception, and the crowd of 62,000 was stunned into silence... and then stood up and applauded for both the Sooners and the Irish. The previous defeat, more than four years earlier, had been at the hands of Notre Dame as well. Final score: Notre Dame 7, Oklahoma 0. #3 Auburn beat Georgia 6-0 at Columbus, Georgia while #4 Michigan State beat Minnesota 42–13. #5 Iowa lost

title: Oklahoma Sooners football

text: Point in 1917. Jones coached Army from 1926 to 1929 and then was the head coach of LSU. His tenure at Oklahoma came during the Dust Bowl. The dust storms were so thick it would block the sun and the players would be covered in dust at the end of practice. In 1954, Jones was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Biff Jones hired Tom Stidham to coach the Oklahoma line in 1935. When Jones left in 1937, Stidham became the head coach. As Oklahoma's 10th football coach, Stidham posted OU's most successful record of all time against

title: 2004–05 NCAA football bowl games

text: 3-point favorite. Most of the "experts" predicted an Oklahoma win, calling the Trojans thin at all positions except for all-purpose threat Reggie Bush. The Sooners looked to prove the experts correct by driving the field on their first possession for a 7–0 lead. The Trojans tied the score 7–7 on a spectacular diving catch by tight end Dominique Byrd. It looked like it would be a classic back-and-forth battle until a key turnover turned the tide to USC for good. USC had just punted to Oklahoma and got a good roll inside Oklahoma's 10-yard line. Inexplicably, Senior Mark Bradley tried

title: Glenn Dobbs

text: pinning the Sooners deep on their own end of the field. Dobbs was named the first All-American in Tulsa football history for his efforts in the successful 1942 season. The No. 4 ranked Golden Hurricane advanced that year to play in the Sugar Bowl, where they fell to Tennessee by a score of 14–7. At the time of his death Dobbs was still regarded by many as the greatest football player in University of Tulsa history. He continues to hold the mark for four of the five longest punts in school history, including boots of 87, 79, 78, and 77

title: 2009 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: State and then Oklahoma followed with quick three-and-outs. The next Cowboy possession began at the Oklahoma State 27-yard line. A pass from Robinson was intercepted by Jonathan Nelson and returned 37 yards to the OSU 13-yard line. DeMarco Murray scored a touchdown on a 12-yard rush two plays later. The third quarter ended with the Sooners up 20–0. Oklahoma's final score of the game came on an 87-yard punt return for a touchdown by Ryan Broyles halfway through the fourth quarter. The recorded attendance for the game was 85,606, a Bedlam record, until it was broken in 2012 with a

title: 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: 6-yard TD pass from QB Robinson to sophomore WR Dez Bryant to finish it. After the TD, the score was 21–19, and the Cowboys decided to go for two. This turned out to be an ill-fated decision, however, because on the two-point conversion attempt, QB Robinson fumbled the ball, and it was recovered and returned all the way to the other endzone by OU freshman DE Frank Alexander for a safety, putting the Sooners up 23–19. Three plays into the next drive, Oklahoma junior TE Jermaine Gresham scored a TD on a 73-yard pass from QB Bradford. After another TD

title: 2007 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: Late in the second quarter, Aggie Keondra Smith fumbled the ball and Oklahoma recovered. The Sooners went on a 68-yard drive ending with Bradford completing a pass to Chris Brown for a touchdown. The Aggies opened the third quarter with the ball but went three-and-out. Oklahoma followed suit. On the Aggie's next possession, kicker Matt Szymanski missed a 45-yard field goal. Halfway through the third quarter, Oklahoma began their drive on their own 17 yard line with an 18-yard rush by DeMarco Murray that was followed a couple plays later by a 45 pass to Malcolm Kelly. The Sooners finished

title: 1971 college football season

text: #5 Oklahoma's season ender was in state at Stillwater against Oklahoma State, which the Sooners easily won The final regular season poll:<br>1.Nebraska 2.Alabama 3.Michigan 4.Oklahoma 5.Auburn. 6. Colorado "Saturday, January 1, 1972" With #1 Nebraska slated to play #2 Alabama in the Orange Bowl on New Year's night, there was little suspense as to which game or games would decide the national title. #3 Michigan held out the slim hope that, if they handily defeated Stanford while Nebraska or Alabama barely won or tied, they could leapfrog both teams into the top position. For the second year in a row

title: Oil Bowl

text: first quarter ended as such. Tulsa countered with a touchdown rush of their own, though it was only from one yard out. The PAT failed, making the score 7-6 Georgia at halftime. No scoring happened in the third quarter, and Georgia lengthened their lead in the fourth, scoring twice: a 54-yard pass and a 69-yard punt return, each by Charley Trippi. The PAT on the punt return was no good, and the game finished 20-6. Georgia finished with 288 total yards, and Tulsa finished with only 148. The second and last Oil Bowl saw #11 Georgia Tech take on St.

title: Oklahoma State Cowboys football

text: Cowboy football. In his final season, he led the Cowboys to an 8–4 record and a 24–14 victory over 20th-ranked Baylor in the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl. The season included a season opening romp over then #12 ranked Arizona State in Tempe, and a Bedlam matchup between the #2 ranked Oklahoma Sooners and the #3-ranked Cowboys on November 24, 1984. A game in which the Cowboys ultimately lost, 24–14. In 1984, when he was offered the head coaching job at Miami, Jimmy Johnson was unsure if he wanted to leave Stillwater. His good friend Larry Lacewell told Johnson that if he wanted

title: 2007 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: second quarter, Chris Brown ran into the endzone for a Sooner touchdown. Garrett Hartley punched in the extra point to make it 7–3, Oklahoma. Missouri then put together a 14 play drive, but failed to score a touchdown. They had the ball, first and goal, at the Oklahoma 9. Daniel chose to keep the ball and ran it up the middle for an apparent score. However, the officials ruled that when his knee touched the ground, the ball had not broken the plane of the goal line, and the ball was spotted at the 1 yard line. The Sooners' defense

title: 1979 Orange Bowl

text: an 11-yard touchdown run. Both sides traded field goals before Lott scored on a 2-yard touchdown run, increasing Oklahoma's lead to 31–10. Nebraska rallied late, with Rick Berns scoring on a 1-yard touchdown run, and then Sorley threw a 2-yard strike to tight end Junior Miller, but by then the game had ticked down to its final seconds. OU prevailed to finish at avenging its only loss of the 1978 season. With consecutive losses, Nebraska ended The game was televised by NBC and the traditional halftime Festival of Lights show was a tribute to "the greatest entertainment phenomenon in America

title: 1985 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: seemed poised for a run at the Orange Bowl and the National Championship. Nothing seemed to indicate otherwise, as the Sooners rolled past Minnesota and Kansas State before beating the Longhorns in the annual Red River Shootout. The Sooners' offense didn't have a banner day in the 80th edition of the Red River Rivalry although they still rolled up 220 yards rushing and Troy Aikman completed four of nine passes for 67 yards. Lydell Carr led all rushers with 80 yards on 23 carries, and Patrick Collins added 61 yards on four carries. Keith Jackson had 49 yards on his

title: 2001 Arkansas Razorbacks football team

text: in Bedlam. Arkansas QBs were sacked nine times by Oklahoma, setting a school record and tying a Cotton Bowl Classic record. Arkansas could manage only 50 yards of total offense, and one Brennan O'Donohoe field goal. Oklahoma QB Nate Hybl ran in from one yard out for the only touchdown of the game. Sooner Rocky Calmus, the Butkus Award winner and Nagurski, Bednarik, and Lombardi finalist had nine tackles and a fumble recovery in the effort. Razorback coach Houston Nutt said, "[The Oklahoma defense is] the best I've seen in 15 years." </div> "Source: 2001 Arkansas Razorbacks Media Guide-Coaching Staff"

title: 1942 Sun Bowl

text: Raiders. Glenn Dobbs threw a pass to Saxon Judd, who ran into the end zone to give the Golden Hurricane a 6-0 lead, which turned out to be the winning score. Glen Dobbs went 20-of-31 passes for 201 yards, setting a Sun Bowl record. Tulsa had 15 first downs and 335 yards compared to Texas Tech's four first downs and 104 yards. Tulsa appeared in four straight bowl games before Frnka left for Tulane, winning two more conference titles. Texas Tech did not return to a bowl game until 1948, with their third Sun Bowl appearance. Tulsa has not returned

title: 2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: fourth quarter) and Robinson missed high on a last-second "Hail Mary" that would have tied the game (the PAT would have put the Cowboys up by one with only a few seconds left in the game). The Cowboys were also able to produce 119 yards and two touchdowns on the ground. Called "The Battle of the Big Reds", the rivalry between the University of Oklahoma and the University of Nebraska was one of the most heated contests of the old Big Eight Conference. Played every Thanksgiving weekend for 71 years (from 1927 to 1998), this contest produced many memorable games

title: Oil Bowl (high school)

text: later hit J.T. Thatcher of Norman with a 42-yarder. In between he set up a touchdown with a 39-yard pass to Donald Shoals of Enid. Killeen Ellison's David Winbush ran for 93 yards with 70 of it coming on a fumble recovery for a touchdown. Bary Holleyman, a tackle from Putnam City North, was the defensive MVP. 1999: Oklahoma closed out the 20th century with a 41-13 blowout. Chris Massey of Spiro scored the game's first touchdown on a flashy 13-yard reverse and then finished it with a 57-yard punt return for a TD in the fourth quarter. In between,

title: Dust Bowl

long_answer: The Dust Bowl, also known as the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion (the Aeolian processes) caused the phenomenon. The drought came in three waves, 1934, 1936, and 1939–1940, but some regions of the high plains experienced drought conditions for as many as eight years. With insufficient understanding of the ecology of the plains, farmers had conducted extensive deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains during the previous decade; this had displaced the native, deep-rooted grasses that normally trapped soil and moisture even during periods of drought and high winds. The rapid mechanization of farm equipment, especially small gasoline tractors, and widespread use of the combine harvester contributed to farmers' decisions to convert arid grassland (much of which received no more than 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation per year) to cultivated cropland.