question: when was the last year the eagles went to the superbowl

answers: following the 2017 season

answers: 2017

title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles

text: the NFL with a 13-3 record which gave them their first NFC East Championship since 2013, and gave them a first round bye for the first time since the 2004 season which was the last time they last went to the Super Bowl. Carson Wentz improved drastically during the season in which he threw for 33 touchdowns and only 7 interceptions. His potential MVP season came to an end though during Week 14 against the Los Angeles Rams where he tore his ACL, and would be out for the rest of the year. Nick Foles who returned to the Eagles

title: 2006 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: up to 9–6. "at Lincoln Financial Field, Philadelphia When it was announced that the Detroit Lions had hung on to beat the Dallas Cowboys a few minutes into the Eagles' regular season finale with the Atlanta Falcons, the game instantly became meaningless as the NFC East crown became clinched. After the defense forced an Atlanta three-and-out, Jeff Garcia marched the Eagles to a 41-yard David Akers field goal. From there, Andy Reid began pulling Philadelphia starters from the game, leaving the contest in the hands of the Eagles' backup players. Michael Vick, playing in his last game before going to

title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles

text: after having short stints with the Rams (then St. Louis Rams) and Chiefs (where Andy Reid was coaching) would take over. His shaky performances during the end of the regular season made the team become underdogs during the playoffs despite being the number one seed. The Eagles would beat the Atlanta Falcons 15-10 in the Divisional Round which was their first playoff win since the 2008 season, to face the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship. The game would end up being a surprising blowout with the Eagles dominating the Vikings 38-7 to go to the Super Bowl for the

title: 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: them against the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship Game after losing the past three title games. The game would be played in post-blizzard, 17-degree weather, with swirling frigid winds nearing 30 MPH. Atlanta had gone 11–5 over the year, and were the second best team in the conference, behind Philadelphia. Atlanta's quarterback and star player Michael Vick would basically be the Falcons' main hope of upsetting the Eagles. He tried to run twice on the opening drive, but the Eagles' defense, using a mush rush, stopped him both times. Later in the quarter, Brian Westbrook broke a 36-yard run

title: Super Bowl XXXIX

text: The Eagles and the Patriots met again in Super Bowl LII, following the 2017 season, with the Eagles taking their revenge 41–33.

title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles

text: the late Reggie White. Unfortunately, they got shut out by the NFC West and eventual NFC champion Seattle Seahawks 42-0. Afterwards, they lost to the Giants at home 26-2. Their last win of the season came on the road against the St. Louis Rams 17-16. Then they lost their last two games of the season to the Arizona Cardinals on the road 27-21 and then at home to the wild card Washington Redskins 31-20. They ended their 2005 season at 6-10, which marked the first time since 1999 that the Eagles failed to make the playoffs. After expectations of a

title: Veterans Stadium

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the NFC Championship Game on January 19, 2003. The Eagles moved into Lincoln Financial Field in August 2003. The final game ever played at the stadium was the afternoon of September 28, 2003, a 5-2 Phillies loss to the Atlanta Braves. The final hit was recorded by Greg Maddux of the Braves, the final loss by the Phils' Kevin Millwood. The final Phillies run was scored by Marlon Byrd at the top of the 3rd inning, and the final run altogether by the Braves' Andruw Jones on a double by Robert Fick (who also had the

title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: threw an incomplete pass to Julio Jones, essentially sealing a 15-10 win for the Eagles. Against many analyst predictions, the top seeded Philadelphia Eagles advanced to the NFC Championship game. The Eagles were once again underdogs going into the NFC Championship Game, this time to the second-seeded Minnesota Vikings, who were coming off a notable playoff victory in the Divisional Round. This was the Eagles first NFC Championship appearance since the 2008–09 NFL playoffs. Though the Eagles allowed a Vikings touchdown on the opening drive, it was the Vikings only score. Case Keenum's pick-six to Patrick Robinson changed the game,

title: 2013 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: at the quarterback helm. This was the first game in NFL history to end with a final score of 54-11. With the convincing win, the Eagles improved to 9-6, and will face their arch rivals, the Dallas Cowboys, next Sunday Night for the division crown. This game would end when Kyle Orton threw an interception late in the fourth quarter. With the win, the Eagles improved to 10-6 and sealed NFC East Championship and 3rd seed in the playoffs. They would also be the third team in a row to defeat the Cowboys in the last game of the regular

title: 2007 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: line, but on 3rd and 1 and 4th and 1, the Eagles' defense stuffed Marshawn Lynch, ending the Bills' scoring threat. That would turn out to be Buffalo's last opportunity, as the Eagles offense and defense ground out the clock over the final quarter. McNabb threw for 345 yards and a touchdown. Brian Westbrook had 99-all purpose yards and Reggie Brown had 83 receiving yards. The win at home allowed the Eagles to finish at 8–8, and finish in last place in the NFC East. 2007 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2007 Philadelphia Eagles season marked the 75th anniversary of the

title: 1987 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: by exploding for 21 sacks in only 12 games. On October 25 at Veterans Stadium, in the first game back after the strike was settled, Eagles head coach Buddy Ryan called for the infamous "fake spike" in the final seconds with the hosts leading the Dallas Cowboys by 10 points. The fake eventually led to another late touchdown, payback for Cowboys head coach Tom Landry running up the score with starters who crossed the picket line to play two weeks earlier at Texas Stadium. One week later, Philadelphia won its final road game against the Cardinals at the old Busch

title: 2009 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: running back LeSean McCoy ran in the end zone on a shovel pass from McNabb. The score was tied, 24–24. The Redskins could not score on the next drive, and therefore had to punt to the Eagles. The Eagles scored on a 32-yard field goal by David Akers to take the lead, 27–24. The Eagles got the ball back on downs, and kneeled the ball to run out the clock and win 27–24. With the win, the Eagles improved to 7–4. Following back to back wins against Chicago and Washington, the Eagles traveled to Atlanta to take on the Atlanta

title: Philadelphia Eagles

text: city. The last home game which was blacked out on television in the Philadelphia market as a result of not being sold out was against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday, September 12, 1999, which was Andy Reid's first home game as new head coach of the Eagles. The studies note that—win or lose—Eagles fans can be counted on to pack their stadium. As of August 2008, the team had sold out 71 consecutive games, and 70,000 were on the team's waiting list for season tickets. Despite finishing with a 6–10 record in the 2005 season, the Eagles ranked second in

title: 2010 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: could have had Lincoln Financial Field ready in time for kickoff, and the postponement decision was made by the league and the Eagles. This was the 20th NFL game to be played on a Tuesday, but the first since . The last Eagles game on a Tuesday was September 26, 1944, when they defeated the Boston Yanks in the season opener. It was also the Yanks first regular season franchise game. The Giants' loss to the Packers earlier on Sunday gave the Eagles the NFC East title. The Eagles' chances of contending for a first-round bye were ended with the

title: 2002 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: 2002 NFC Championship Game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, who eventually won Super Bowl XXXVII. The Eagles defeated the Buccaneers in two prior consecutive seasons in the NFL playoffs in easy fashion. Many experts thought that the Conference Championship game would not be any different. The game was the final football game played at Veterans Stadium. The Eagles' season of high expectations began with a loss to the Tennessee Titans after the team blew a 24–10 halftime lead. The Titans scored on their first possession on 14-yard reception by Eddie George. Philadelphia took advantage of a muffed punt to extend

title: 2016 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: first game against the Cowboys at Lincoln Financial Field since 2011. 2016 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2016 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 84th season in the National Football League and the first under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles named 2nd overall pick Carson Wentz the starting quarterback for Week 1 against the Cleveland Browns. The Eagles started 3–0 including a 34–3 win over the Pittsburgh Steelers. Following their Week 4 bye week, the Eagles lost nine of their final 13 games, including a 2–4 record against their divisional rivals and after losing to the Ravens, were eliminated from

title: 2009 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: only did the Eagles improve to 5–2, but they would take over as the leader of the NFC East. Coming off their win over the Giants, the Eagles stayed at home for a Week 9 Sunday night divisional duel with the Dallas Cowboys with the lead in the NFC East on the line. Philadelphia would trail in the first quarter as Cowboys running back Tashard Choice picked up a 2-yard touchdown run. The Eagles would respond in the second quarter with a 45-yard and a 48-yard field goal from kicker David Akers, but Dallas would answer with kicker Nick Folk

title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles

text: Eagles defeated the Bears 33-19 at Soldier Field. Reaching the NFC Championship game, they were unable to stop the St. Louis Rams, who defeated them 29-24 Despite injuries, McNabb led the Eagles to a 12-4 season in 2002. Once again, they reached the NFC Championship, but lost at home 27-10 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the last game at Veterans Stadium. The 2003 team lost its first two games, both at their new home. In the opening game of the 2003 season, the Eagles were shut out 17-0 by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the

title: 2009 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: Broncos with 7 seconds of game time. Time ran out on the ensuing kickoff, and the Eagles held on to win by a score of 30-27. The victory, their sixth consecutive, boosted Philadelphia's record to 11-4, setting up a decisive Week 17 game with the Cowboys for the division title. In the final game of the regular season, the first-place Eagles battled the second-place Cowboys in Dallas, with the winner crowned as NFC East champs. The game began with Dallas driving 80 yards down the field in 9 plays for the touchdown. Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo completed a 10-yard pass

title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles

text: return to the Super Bowl, it appeared the Eagles would have to retool in the 2006 off-season to make another run for the Vince Lombardi Trophy. In 2006, the Eagles started off hot, beating the Houston Texans in Houston 24-10. And they kept the streak going, jumping to a 24-7 lead against the Giants before losing 30-24 in overtime. They won their next two games easily, beating the 49ers in San Francisco and then returning home to limit Brett Favre's Packers to three field goals. The Birds' 3-1 record set the stage for Terrell Owens' return to Philadelphia. Owens return

title: 2009 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: the 8th of the Andy Reid/ Donovan Mcnabb era. NFC East leaders for the second straight week, the 10-4 Eagles remained home for an interconference matchup with the 8-6 Denver Broncos. The Eagles jumped out to an early 10-0 lead in the 1st quarter, recovering from a quick turnover on their first possession. Philadelphia quarterback Donovan McNabb was sacked, losing the ball in the process. The loose ball was picked up by Denver's Darrell Reid. The Philadelphia defense was able to keep the Broncos from turning it into any points, forcing a punt, and scored on their next possession with

title: Dallas Cowboys

text: back to back games to Chicago and Green Bay. They were very successful in division games having a 5–0 division record heading into another Week 17 showdown for the NFC East crown against the Eagles. That included beating Washington 24–23 on Week 16 thanks to late game heroics of Tony Romo. However Romo received a severe back injury in that game which prematurely ended his season. The Cowboys called upon backup QB Kyle Orton to lead them into battle on the final week of the season. Orton was unsuccessful who threw a game ending interception to the Eagles which allowed

title: 2008 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: make it 20–3 Eagles. Following another Akers field goal, McNabb found Greg Lewis on a 10-yard touchdown pass, increasing the lead to 30–10. Cleveland's sole touchdown came on an interception return by Brandon McDonald off of Eagle second-string quarterback Kevin Kolb. With the win, the Eagle's winning streak increased to three games, and hopes of a playoff berth continued. Their record went to 8–5–1. The Eagles came out flat and lost 10–3 to the Washington Redskins in a game that was almost a must-win for them (thanks to the losses by the Cowboys and Buccaneeers). After a scoreless first quarter,

title: 1988 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: 1988 Philadelphia Eagles season The Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 56th season in the National Football League. This season resulted an appearance in the postseason for the first time since 1981. The Eagles won the NFC East for the first time in seven seasons, but lost to the Chicago Bears in the NFC Divisional round during the Fog Bowl. On the final day of the regular season, Philadelphia dumped Dallas, 23–7, but had to wait for the end to the Jets-Giants game at Giants Stadium to learn if they had clinched the division or not. The Jets won the

title: 2003 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: their nine-game winning streak. The Tampa Bay Buccaneers, who ruined the Eagles' bid for a Super Bowl the previous season by defeating them in their final game at Veteran's Stadium, spoiled the opening of Lincoln Financial Field by thoroughly dominating the Eagles in a 17–0 shutout. A big run by James Thrash gave the Eagles a chance at an early field goal, but head coach Andy Reid tried a fake field goal to rookie tight end L. J. Smith, who let the ball go off of his fingertips. Early in the second quarter, Tampa Bay put up a field goal

title: 2003 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: dismal performance against the Giants. Buckhalter had his second-career 100-yard game, along with two scores. The Eagles improved to 4–3 and were now only one game out of first place. In Week 9, the Eagles travelled to the Georgia Dome and defeated the lowly Atlanta Falcons 23–16. A turnover on the opening kickoff led to a short field goal for David Akers. Following a Lito Sheppard interception in the red zone, Donovan McNabb connected with Freddie Mitchell for a 39-yard touchdown pass – the first to a wide receiver all season for the Eagles. The second quarter belonged to Atlanta,

title: 1985 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: RFK Stadium. On November 10, at Veterans Stadium, Jaworski combined with wide receiver Mike Quick for a club-record 99-yard touchdown pass in overtime to beat the Atlanta Falcons, 23–17. 1985 Philadelphia Eagles season The 1985 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 53rd in the National Football League (NFL). The team improved upon their previous output of 6–9–1, winning seven games. This was the fourth consecutive season in which the team failed to qualify for the playoffs. Philadelphia was in position to earn a wild-card berth with a 6–5 record by late November, but a four-game losing streak, which included a home

title: Veterans Stadium

text: stadium prior to the construction of luxury skyboxes behind that seating area. The stadium became famous for the rowdiness of Eagles fans. One of the more well-known examples of the fans' behavior was during the 1989 season at a follow-up game to what many called the "Bounty Bowl". On Thanksgiving day, November 23, 1989, the Eagles had defeated the Dallas Cowboys at Texas Stadium, 27-0. In that game, Cowboys placekicker Luis Zendejas suffered a concussion during a rough block by linebacker Jessie Small after a kickoff. After the game, Cowboys rookie head coach Jimmy Johnson commented that Eagles coach Buddy

title: 2008 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: 84 yards. While Jacobs and Ward combined for 138 yards, Manning struggled in the passing game, throwing two interceptions. With the win, the Eagles improved their overall record to 11–6–1. Coming off their divisional road win over the top-seeded Giants, the Eagles flew to the University of Phoenix Stadium for the NFC Championship Game against the Arizona Cardinals. On Thanksgiving Night, the Eagles had crushed Arizona 48–20. The Cardinals, who finished 9–7 with losses in four of their last six games, were considered by some experts to be one of the worst playoff teams ever. However, they put together wins

title: 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: as an Eagle, catching six passes for 134 yards and three touchdowns. McNabb's equally fantastic season continued with 345 passing yards, four touchdowns, and zero interceptions. The Eagles went to 8–1, with a division title already in sight. weather= 54 °F (Cloudy) In Week 11, the Eagles faced the Washington Redskins for the first time all season. Using a steady rushing attack, the Redskins opened the scoring with a 35-yard Ola Kimrin field goal. The Eagles answered back with a touchdown – a 2-yard pass to a wide open Chad Lewis in the end zone. The Redskins got another field

title: Super Bowl XXXIX


question: who made the first to record with the electric guitar

answers: George Warren Barnes

title: George Barnes (musician)

text: he had his own band that performed in the Midwest. On March 1, 1938, he recorded the songs "Sweetheart Land" and "It's a Lowdown Dirty Shame" with blues guitarist Big Bill Broonzy, and in doing so he became the first person to make a record on electric guitar, fifteen days before Eddie Durham recorded on electric guitar with the Kansas City Five. In 1938, when he was seventeen, he was hired as staff guitarist for the NBC Orchestra. He was also staff guitarist and arranger for Decca Records and recorded with Blind John Davis, Jazz Gillum, Merline Johnson, Curtis Jones,

title: Jazz guitarist

text: inspired her to buy an electric guitar. Before Christian, George Barnes was experimenting with amplification in 1931. He claimed to be the first electric guitarist and the first to record with an electric guitar, on March 1, 1938, in sessions with blues guitarist Big Bill Broonzy fifteen days before Eddie Durham recorded with the Kansas City Five. Oscar Moore, Irving Ashby, and John Collins were the successive members of the Nat King Cole Trio who helped established the jazz trio format. In the early 1940s, Al Casey contributed to the liveliness of the Fats Waller Trio, while Tiny Grimes played

title: Charlie Christian

text: but then following it with his own ideas. By 1939 there had already been electric guitar soloists—Leonard Ware; George Barnes; Eddie Durham, who had recorded with Count Basie; Floyd Smith, who recorded "Floyd's Guitar Blues" with Andy Kirk in March 1939, using an amplified lap steel guitar; and the Texas Swing pioneer Eldon Shamblin, who was playing with Bob Wills. Christian paved the way for the modern electric guitar sound that was followed by other pioneers, including T-Bone Walker, Eddie Cochran, Cliff Gallup, Scotty Moore, Franny Beecher, B.B. King, Chuck Berry, Carlos Santana and Jimi Hendrix. For this reason Christian

title: George Barnes (musician)

text: heart attack in Concord, California in 1977 at the age of 56. Barnes played an electric guitar on two songs, "Sweetheart Land" and "It's a Low-Down Dirty Shame", recorded by Big Bill Broonzy and produced by Lester Melrose in Chicago on March 1, 1938. Some historians attribute the first recording with electric guitar to Eddie Durham, Durham's recording in 1935 was the first to record an electrically amplified guitar[1] with Jimmie Lunceford in 'Hittin' The Bottle' that was recorded in New York for the Decca label.[2] Several recordings of an electric lap steel guitar precede both, including recordings by Milton

title: George Barnes (musician)

text: George Warren Barnes (July 17, 1921 – September 5, 1977) was an American swing jazz guitarist who played the first electric guitar in 1931.  He made the first commercial recording of an electric guitar on March 1, 1938, in sessions with Big Bill Broonzy.

title: Electric guitar

text: the first to perform with the ES-150 guitar). The ES-150 achieved some popularity but suffered from unequal loudness across the six strings. Early proponents of the electric guitar on record include Alvino Rey (Phil Spitalney Orchestra), Les Paul (Fred Waring Orchestra), Danny Stewart (Andy Iona Orchestra), George Barnes (under many aliases), Eddie Durham, Lonnie Johnson, Floyd Smith, Big Bill Broonzy, T-Bone Walker, George Van Eps, Charlie Christian (Benny Goodman Orchestra), Tampa Red, Memphis Minnie, and Arthur Crudup. According to jazz historian James Lincoln Collier, Floyd Smith can be credited as the first person to rig up an amplified guitar. According

title: Leonard Ware

text: Leonard Ware Leonard Ware (December 28, 1909 – March 30, 1974) was one of the first jazz guitarists to play electric guitar. Ware was born in Richmond, Virginia. He went to college at the Tuskegee Institute and learned how to play the oboe. In 1938, Ware played electric guitar on recordings by Sidney Bechet. This was nine months before Charlie Christian started playing electric guitar. The duo he then started with Jimmy Shirley was one of the first groups to have two electric guitarists. Ware performed in a trio during the 1940s and recorded as a leader in 1947. He

title: Floyd Smith (musician)

text: the first hit record to feature a blues solo on electric guitar. Smith enlisted during World War II and was stationed in Britain as a sargeant. He also met and played with Django Reinhardt in Paris. Following the war, he rejoined Andy Kirk's band before forming his own small ensembles. He played with Wild Bill Davis in the 1950s, and Bill Doggett in the early 1960s, and also recorded occasionally with drummer Chris Columbo's bands during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He later settled in Indianapolis and formed his own jazz trio. In the 1970s, Smith moved into writing

title: Lap steel guitar

text: of Los Angeles, California. Brewer publicized his new instruments in an article in the Wichita Beacon of October 2, 1932 and through performances that month. The first electric instrument on a commercial recording was made and played in 1935 by Bob Dunn, a musician in Houston, Texas who played in the Western swing band Milton Brown and His Musical Brownies. Dunn owned a music store that bore his name in the Houston area. The lap steel, dobro and pedal steel guitar are associated most closely with Hawaiian music, country music and bluegrass, though some players have used them in rock

title: Eddie Durham

text: that toured the United States and Canada. From 1929, Durham started experimenting to enhance the sound of his guitar using resonators and megaphones. In 1935 he was the first to record an electrically amplified guitar with Jimmie Lunceford in 'Hittin' The Bottle' that was recorded in New York for the Decca label. Eddie Durham Eddie Durham (August 19, 1906 – March 6, 1987) was an American musician who pioneered the use of the electric guitar in jazz. He was a guitarist, trombonist, composer, and arranger for the orchestras of Bennie Moten, Jimmie Lunceford, and Count Basie. With Edgar Battle he

title: Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts

text: by Gibson Guitar Corporation. Dan Orkin, Director of Content with Reverb.com stated in 2017: "What makes this guitar special is that it is what most people consider the first modern electric guitar. There's a lot of debate about which was truly the first one of course. This was the popular guitar music of the time. Electric guitars like this, the Spanish style, really took off with jazz and a lot of the big band music of the time. You had the Vib-Rola system, designed by Doc Kauffman, who went on to collaborate with Leo Fender, and a body produced by

title: Guitar solo

text: electric guitar is played through a guitar amplifier to make the instrument loud enough. Guitar amplifiers also have preamplifier and tone controls, and in some cases, overdrive controls that modify the tone. The use of a guitar solo as an instrumental interlude was developed by blues musicians such as John Lee Hooker, Muddy Waters, and T-Bone Walker, and jazz like Charlie Christian. Ernest Tubb's 1940 honky tonk classic, "Walking the Floor over You" was the first "hit" recording to feature and highlight a solo by a standard electric guitar–though earlier hits featured electric lap steel guitars. Blues master Lonnie Johnson

title: Jazz guitarist

text: with electric guitar when he recorded with the Kansas City Five in the 1930s. He played a Gibson ES-150 arched-top which Gibson had started producing a couple years before. Durham persuaded Floyd Smith to buy an electric guitar, and while on tour he showed he showed his amp to Charlie Christian. Many musicians were inspired to pick up guitar after hearing Charlie Christian with the Benny Goodman orchestra. Christian was the first person to explore the possibilities created by the electric guitar. He had large audiences when he played solos with passing chords. According to jazz critic Leonard Feather, Christian

title: Les Paul

text: as a Drum)", and "Walkin' and Whistlin' Blues". Les Paul Lester William Polsfuss (June 9, 1915 – August 12, 2009), known as Les Paul, was an American jazz, country, and blues guitarist, songwriter, luthier, and inventor. He was one of the pioneers of the solid-body electric guitar. Paul taught himself how to play guitar, and while he is mainly known for jazz and popular music, he had an early career in country music. He is credited with many recording innovations. Although he was not the first to use the technique, his early experiments with overdubbing (also known as sound on

title: Lonnie Johnson (musician)

text: Lonnie Johnson (musician) Alonzo "Lonnie" Johnson (February 8, 1899 – June 16, 1970) was an American blues and jazz singer, guitarist, violinist and songwriter. He was a pioneer of jazz guitar and jazz violin and is recognized as the first to play an electrically amplified violin. Johnson was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and raised in a family of musicians. He studied violin, piano and guitar as a child and learned to play various other instruments, including the mandolin, but he concentrated on the guitar throughout his professional career. "There was music all around us," he recalled, "and in my

title: Rickenbacker

text: electrified guitar. Another new feature on the Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts is the stock Kauffman Vib-rola tailpiece, the world's first patented tremolo (US Patent: US2241911A). The Ken Roberts is the first instrument of any type to feature a hand-operated vibrato as standard equipment. It also marks Rickenbacker's first link to the unit's originator, Clayton Doc Kauffman, who would become a design collaborator for the company a couple of years later. Model B Electric: In 1935, the company introduced several new models including the Model "B" Electric Spanish guitar, which is the first known solid body electric guitar. Because the original aluminum

title: Texas blues

text: popular performers appeared, including slide guitarist and gospel singer Blind Willie Johnson. Future bluesmen, such as, Lightnin' Hopkins, Lil' Son Jackson, and T-Bone Walker were influenced by these developments. T-Bone Walker relocated to Los Angeles to record his most influential work in the 1940s. His swing-influenced backing and lead guitar sound became an influential part of the electric blues. It was T-Bone Walker, B.B. King once said, who “really started me to want to play the blues. I can still hear T-Bone in my mind today, from that first record I heard, ‘Stormy Monday.’ He was the first electric guitar

title: Monk Montgomery

text: With The Mastersounds With Buddy Montgomery With Wes Montgomery Monk Montgomery William Howard "Monk" Montgomery (October 10, 1921 – May 20, 1982) was an American jazz bassist. He was a pioneer of the electric bass guitar and possibly the first to record on it when he recorded with Art Farmer in 1953. He was the brother of jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery and vibraphonist Buddy Montgomery. Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, into a musical family, Monk had three brothers and a sister. His older brother Thomas played drums, and died at 16. Monk gave his younger brother Wes (born 1923) a tenor

title: Texas blues

text: player I heard on record. He made me so that I knew I just had to go out and get an electric guitar.” He also influenced Goree Carter, whose "" (1949) featured an over-driven electric guitar style and has been cited as a strong contender for the "first rock and roll record" title. The state's R&B recording industry was based in Houston with labels such as Duke/Peacock, which in the 1950s provided a base for artists who would later pursue the electric Texas blues sound, including Johnny Copeland and Albert Collins. Freddie King, a major influence on electric blues, was

title: Eddie Phillips (musician)

text: interview with Chris Hunt of "Guitarist" magazine. "I think that was a bit of sharp press." Phillips was the first guitarist to use a violin bow with a guitar, a technique he experimented with while in his first band the Mark Four and he perfected the style with The Creation, committing the sound to vinyl on The Creation's only UK chart hits, "Making Time" and "Painter Man", both released in 1966. Although Phillips was the originator, Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin later popularised the technique to a wider audience, leading many to erroneously believe that Page, and not Phillips, was

title: Jazz guitarist

text: person to make solo recordings on guitar was Nick Lucas, the dominant guitarist of the 1920s, when he released "Pickin' the Guitar" and "Teasin' the Frets" in 1922. He had experimented with wax cylinders ten years earlier. He became the first person to have a custom guitar named after him, the Gibson Nick Lucas Special. Nevertheless, his career was built on his reputation as a singer. He was popular on radio, Broadway, and in vaudeville. With his high-pitched voice, he sold eight million copies of his signature song, "Tiptoe Through the Tulips". Both the song and singing style were borrowed

title: Gage Brewer

text: The record is of the Marion Harris hit "A Good Man Is Hard To Find" and contains what may be the earliest recording of an electric Spanish and electric Hawaiian guitar. Brewer maintained a career in music lasting over five decades. He notably acquired two pre-production electric guitars from what would eventually become known as the Rickenbacker Electro Instrument Company; a "standard" Spanish guitar and a Hawaiian "steel" guitar from his friend George Beauchamp late in the summer of 1932. Beauchamp, a talented guitarist himself, had long worked to develop a louder instrument, achieving marked success through the National resophonic

title: Electric blues

text: and started recording mostly rock 'n' roll. Booker T. & the M.G.'s carried the electric blues style into the 1960s. Detroit-based John Lee Hooker pursued a unique brand of electric blues based on his deep rough voice accompanied by a single electric guitar. Though not directly influenced by boogie woogie, his "groovy" style is sometimes called "guitar boogie". His first hit, "Boogie Chillen", reached #1 on the R&B charts in 1949. He continued to play and record until his death in 2001. The New Orleans blues musician Guitar Slim recorded "The Things That I Used to Do" (1953), which featured

title: Guitar solo

text: had also recorded at least one electric guitar solo, but his innovation was neither much noted nor influential. Howlin' Wolf, Muddy Waters, Willie Dixon, and Jimmy Reed played in Chicago in a style characterized by the use of electric guitar, sometimes slide guitar, harmonica, and a rhythm section of bass and drums. In the late 1950s, a new blues style emerged on Chicago's West Side pioneered by Magic Sam, Buddy Guy and Otis Rush on Cobra Records. The 'West Side Sound' had strong rhythmic support from a rhythm guitar, bass guitar and drums and as pefected by Guy, Freddie King,

title: Solid body

text: confusing. The first commercially available solid body electric Spanish guitar was produced by the Rickenbacker company in 1931. Les Paul, a guitarist, is often erroneously credited with inventing the first solid body, but Fender is often incorrectly credited as the first to commercially market a solid body electric guitar, which itself was based on a design by Merle Travis. Also it is reported that around the same time (1940) a solid body was created by Jamaican musician and inventor, Hedley Jones. In the 1940s, Les Paul created a guitar called the “Log,” which came “from the 4” by 4” solid

title: Rock and roll

text: recordings from earlier decades in which elements of rock and roll can be clearly discerned. Other artists with early rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Gene Vincent. Chuck Berry's 1955 classic "Maybellene" in particular features a distorted electric guitar solo with warm overtones created by his small valve amplifier. However, the use of distortion was predated by electric blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Guitar Slim, Willie Johnson of Howlin' Wolf's band, and Pat Hare; the latter two also made use of distorted power chords in the early 1950s. Also

title: Pat Hare

text: pop chart. His guitar solo on James Cotton's electric blues record "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954) was the first recorded use of heavily distorted power chords, anticipating elements of heavy metal music. According to Robert Palmer, "Rarely has a grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound been captured on record, before or since, and Hare's repeated use of a rapid series of two downward-modulating power chords, the second of which is allowed to hang menacingly in the air, is a kind of hook or structural glue. [...] The first heavy metal record? I'd say yes, with tongue only slightly in cheek."

title: Robert Normann

text: Østfold, but is currently under Normann Records, operated by Normann family with Wenche Normann as manager. Robert Normann Robert Uno Normann (27 June 1916 in Sundløkka in the former Borge kommune, now Fredrikstad – 20 May 1998 in Sarpsborg, Norway) was a Norwegian guitarist, and is considered one of the jazz guitar pioneers. Normann was an autodidact performer on the accordion and tenor saxophone, and eventually on the guitar as his main instrument. He was one of the swing era's most sought guitar soloists in Norway, and was also a pioneer of electric guitar. His first electric guitar was enabled

title: Electric blues

text: Electric blues Electric blues refers to any type of blues music distinguished by the use of electric amplification for musical instruments. The guitar was the first instrument to be popularly amplified and used by early pioneers T-Bone Walker in the late 1930s and John Lee Hooker and Muddy Waters in the 1940s. Their styles developed into West Coast blues, Detroit blues, and post-World War II Chicago blues, which differed from earlier, predominantly acoustic-style blues. By the early 1950s, Little Walter was a featured soloist on blues harmonica or blues harp using a small hand-held microphone fed into a guitar amplifier.

title: Sister Rosetta Tharpe

text: early rock-and-roll musicians, including Little Richard, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis. Tharpe was a pioneer in her guitar technique; she was among the first popular recording artists to use heavy distortion on her electric guitar, presaging the rise of electric blues. Her guitar playing technique had a profound influence on the development of British blues in the 1960s; in particular a European tour with Muddy Waters in 1963 with a stop in Manchester is cited by prominent British guitarists such as Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Keith Richards. Willing to cross the line

title: George Barnes (musician)


question: what is the money called in south korea

answers: won

answers: The won

title: DangBaekJeon

text: called it Ttangdon(Hangul: 땅돈), and it changes the pronunciation to Ttaengjeon(Hangul: 땡전). In Korea, an old saying "Ttangjeon han pun eopda(Hangul: 땡전 한 푼 없다)" is often used, which means “I'm penniless.” DangBaekJeon DangBaekJeon(Hangul: 당백전, Hanja: 當百錢) is money used in late Joseon, published in November 1866 (Gojong 3) by Heungseon Daewongun. The hanja is inscribed on both sides of the coin. Words inscribed on the front side is "SangPyeongTongBo" (Hangul: 상평통보, Hanja: 常平通寶), and on the back side, "HoeDaeDangBaek" (Hangul: 호대당백, Hanja: 戶大當百). "Hoe" (호, 戶) stands for HoeJeo(호조, 戶曹), Joseon's ministry of revenue. "Dae" (대, 大) is a

title: DangBaekJeon

text: DangBaekJeon DangBaekJeon(Hangul: 당백전, Hanja: 當百錢) is money used in late Joseon, published in November 1866 (Gojong 3) by Heungseon Daewongun. The hanja is inscribed on both sides of the coin. Words inscribed on the front side is "SangPyeongTongBo" (Hangul: 상평통보, Hanja: 常平通寶), and on the back side, "HoeDaeDangBaek" (Hangul: 호대당백, Hanja: 戶大當百). "Hoe" (호, 戶) stands for HoeJeo(호조, 戶曹), Joseon's ministry of revenue. "Dae" (대, 大) is a modifier which may be interpreted as 'the great'. "DangBaek" (당백, 當百) means 'this coin worth 100 times more than others'. As inscribed, it worth 100mun, which values 100 times more than ordinary

title: Jeonse

text: In such cases, the government may put the apartment up for auction in an attempt to collect the overdue taxes. When the apartment is sold, the government collects the overdue from the profits from the auction. Since national tax (국세) and local tax (지방세) take a higher priority than the tenants, they may lose some or all of their deposit, depending on how much their landlords owe the government. Jeonse Jeonse (), also known as Chonsei, Key Money Deposit or Key Money, is a real estate term unique to South Korea that refers to the way apartments are leased. Instead

title: Minerva (Internet celebrity)

text: the government actually did request banks to restrain from buying dollars. According to him, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance called staff members of the seven main banks into a meeting at the Korea Federation of Banks in Myeong-dong on December 26, 2008. In the meeting, the authority asked them for self-restraint in purchasing dollars. Lee Seok-Hyeon said he heard this directly from a man who was at the meeting. Foreign bloggers writing about Korea have cast doubt about the government's handling of the opinionated blogger. Some express concerns that this would mean demise of freedom of speech in Korea.

title: South Korean won

text: The won (/wʌn/; Korean: 원, Korean pronunciation: [wʌn]; symbol: ₩; code: KRW) or the Korean Republic Won is the currency of South Korea. A single won is divided into 100 jeon, the monetary subunit. The jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions, and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The won is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The official currency of North Korea, issued by the Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea which is based in its capital city, Pyongyang, is divided into the same number of units, and is known as the North Korean won.

title: Kazakhstan–South Korea relations

text: than $2 billion in Kazakhstan, and South Korean investors have assets in more than 300 companies in Kazakhstan. In 2008, Kookmin Bank, one of South Korea's largest banks, purchased a 30% stake in Kazakhstan's CenterCredit Bank for about $634 million. South Korea's major exports to Kazakhstan include automobiles, televisions, and other electronics. Kazakh exports primarily raw materials, including copper and zinc, to South Korea. Korean companies are also involved in Kazakhstan's oil industry. The Korean Consortium of the Caspian Oil Project, which is led by the Korea National Oil Company and includes SK Corporation, LG International, Samsung, and Daesung Industrial,

text: wedding bands and sport medals. The end total amount from the gold campaign came out to be $2.2 billion which helped eased South Korea's debt. Since the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, South Korea has not taken a loan from the IMF of the same magnitude. Additionally, according to the OECD, South Korea's reserves have increased from 21.556 million SDR in 1997 to 247.759 million SDR in 2014 along with other Asian countries like China, Indonesia, and Japan. Currently, the nation's foreign reserves stands to be around $390 billion as of 2017. From rising complexity in the global market and financial

title: Crime in South Korea

text: relatively easy way to make money.” According to the Supreme Prosecutors’ Office, there were 7,011 arrests for drug offenses in 2011 which was a 7 percent drop from the previous year. The U.S., by way of comparison, in 2010 made more than 1.6 million drug arrests, more than 36 times Korea’s figure, even after differences in population are accounted for. The drug that is most common is Crystalline Methamphetamine also known as Crystal Meth. Crystal Meth remains the most commonly used drug, accounting for most drug related arrests. Other drugs that are well known are club drugs such as ecstasy.

title: Cash-for-summit scandal

text: Cash-for-summit scandal Cash-for-summit is the name of a political scandal that broke in South Korea in February 2003 and revolved around the secret payment by the Kim Dae-jung administration to North Korea of 500,000,000 dollars to secure the landmark June 2000 NorthSouth summit between the two Koreas. The payment, worth 500,000,000 dollars, was criticized by right wing groups of South Korea in particular. Some of them claimed that Kim Dae-jung had "bought" his 2000 Nobel Peace Prize that he received following the diplomatically successful summit. According to Andrei Lankov, these accusations have a "kernel of truth", since Kim was known

title: Jeonse

text: Jeonse Jeonse (), also known as Chonsei, Key Money Deposit or Key Money, is a real estate term unique to South Korea that refers to the way apartments are leased. Instead of paying monthly rent, a renter will make a lump-sum deposit on a rental space, at anywhere from 50% to 80% of the market value. Jeonse involves the tenant giving the landlord a large sum of "key money" when a lease is signed. The amount of money required depends on the economy and the location of the property. Usually the amount required is 50% of the property's value, but

title: Financial services in South Korea

text: in ROK through ATM cards procured in foreign countries. Interbank ATMs are common throughout the country, especially in densely populated urban areas such as Seoul. Financial services in South Korea Financial services in South Korea refers to the services provided in ROK by the finance industry: banks, investment banks, insurance companies, credit card companies, consumer finance companies, government sponsored enterprises, and stock brokerages. Foreign banks (Citibank, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, etc.) which have a presence in ROK are not international branches, but rather wholly Korean entities, due to Korean law. Korean citizens may apply for an international ATM card corresponding to

title: Cash-for-summit scandal

text: for never missing an opportunity to promote his lifelong political career. Cash-for-summit scandal Cash-for-summit is the name of a political scandal that broke in South Korea in February 2003 and revolved around the secret payment by the Kim Dae-jung administration to North Korea of 500,000,000 dollars to secure the landmark June 2000 NorthSouth summit between the two Koreas. The payment, worth 500,000,000 dollars, was criticized by right wing groups of South Korea in particular. Some of them claimed that Kim Dae-jung had "bought" his 2000 Nobel Peace Prize that he received following the diplomatically successful summit. According to Andrei Lankov,

title: T-money

text: T-money T-money is a rechargeable series of smart cards and other "smart" devices used for paying transportation fares in and around Seoul and other areas of South Korea. T-money can also be used in lieu of cash or credit cards in some convenience stores and other businesses. The T-money System has been implemented and is being operated by Korea Smart Card Co., Ltd of which 34.4% owned by Seoul Metropolitan City Government, 31.85% owned by LG CNS, and 15.73% owned by Credit Card Union. Similar to its predecessor, the "Seoul Bus Card", T-money can be used to pay for bus,

title: Pension policy in South Korea

text: OECD countries. Only a quarter of welfare spending from the government, in forms of cash payments, goes to the poorest 20% of the population, which is contributing to the growing inequality in the South Korean population. The South Korean tax and welfare system is the least effective in reducing inequality among all of OECD countries. The Basic Livelihood Security Programme is a welfare system that provides cash and other benefits such as housing and education for citizens in absolute poverty. It was enacted in 1999, under the National Basic Livelihood Security Act. A person is in absolute poverty when their

title: Financial services in South Korea

text: Financial services in South Korea Financial services in South Korea refers to the services provided in ROK by the finance industry: banks, investment banks, insurance companies, credit card companies, consumer finance companies, government sponsored enterprises, and stock brokerages. Foreign banks (Citibank, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, etc.) which have a presence in ROK are not international branches, but rather wholly Korean entities, due to Korean law. Korean citizens may apply for an international ATM card corresponding to an interbank network such as Cirrus or PLUS, but foreign residents may not. Foreign residents in ROK, however, "may" use such interbank networks at ATMs

title: DangBaekJeon

text: result, DangBaekJeon became bad money, and SangPyeongTongBo became good money. This is related to Gresham's law, which is a monetary principle stating that "bad money drives out good". The casting of DangBaekJeon was stopped in April 1867. The next year, its distribution was stopped because of an appeal from Choe Ik-hyeon(Hangul: 최익현, Hanja: 崔益鉉), a janglyeong(Hangul:장령, Hanja: 掌令) in Joseon Dynasty. He insisted that DangBaekJeon affected adversely to all classes of the society in the past two years. After its distribution had stopped, DangBaekJeon was exchanged with SangPyeongTongBo or China money(Hangul: 청전, Hanja: 掌令) and was used in iron. Dangbaekjeon

title: Corruption in South Korea

text: up from the rate in 2007 by 10 percentage points. The government has taken steps to fight corruption, such as the Act on the Protection of Public Interest Whistle-Blowers which protect whistleblowers who report public and private corruption as well as foreign bribery. Public services have also been digitalised in order to avoid opportunities for corruption. However, large "chaebols" pose significant difficulties as illicit business behaviour is still common among them. Some of the large conglomerates have been involved in tax evasion and corruption, and their powerful role in South Korea's economy has made corruption investigation very difficult. Corruption in

title: Youth unemployment in South Korea

text: cram schools. For students' years in elementary school, middle school, and high school, families will spend roughly $217 USD a month. The private education industry in Korea is estimated to be worth around $20 billion USD. From the high costs in private schools, parents have decided to have less children in order for them to have quality education to be invested in. Although families emphasize a great deal for the education, the employment in South Korea's job market from Korea's conglomerates are not guaranteed. In 2016, around 3.34 million degree holders in South Korea have delayed entering the job market

title: Gold-Collecting Campaign

text: This resulted in approximately $ 1.82 billion in foreign currency. More than 3.3 million people participated in this event nationwide. It is an average of 65g per household. Of these, 21,000 people have dedicated 177kg of gold, and 1,735 people consigned 131 kg of gold in the form of buying government bonds. By type of collection agency, the Housing Bank (KBS-Daewoo) was the largest with 364t, followed by Nonghyup (MBC-Samsung) with 48.23t, Kookmin Bank and Saemaeul Bank (SBS-LG) accounted for 33.68t, Korea Exchange Bank 4.25t and Industrial Bank of Korea 1.98t each. It is a level that can be called

title: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Korea)

text: the foreign exchange rate was 100% and the earned dollars in the past were valued much higher than today, the Korean miners and nurses in West Germany were estimated to have greatly contributed to Korea's economic growth. The commission found the allegations false that the Korean government received commercial loans successfully from West Germany in return for forcibly depositing the Korean miners and registered nurses’ income in Commerzbank in West Germany. From Korea's total commercial loan of DM 150,000,000 from West Germany, the West German government issued DM 75,000,000 under the "protocol concerning economic and technical cooperation between the government

title: Improper Solicitation and Graft Act

text: in "Financial Times" as "aimed at widespread corruption" in the country. "The Korea Times" noted in 2014 that Korea was "still lagging behind its peers" in the OECD in terms of transparency. In Transparency International's 2014 Corruption Perceptions Index, which annually ranks countries "by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys," South Korea was ranked 43rd (higher rankings indicate higher levels of perceived corruption). This was the third-best performance among East Asian countries, behind Japan (15th) and Taiwan (35th). The Kim Young-ran Act was not the first anti-corruption measure enacted in South Korea. The

text: Financial Crisis in 1997. The IMF led the bailout along with other organizations that amounted to $57 billion of loans in which $21 billion were funded by the IMF which stabilized South Korea's foreign exchange market due to lack of foreign reserves. The bailout was given with conditions, which forced the Korean population to go through new restructuring policies and programs set by the IMF like new labor market flexibility policies in which allowed firing of employees to be made easier. In addition, some IMF policies and programs forced the Korean economy to slash government expenditure, raise interest rates, liberalize

text: South Korea and the International Monetary Fund South Korea has grown to become the 14th largest economy of the world and has joined financial institutions of the world as the country grew. From joining the International Monetary Fund (IMF), South Korea was able to solve its financial crisis in 1997, but the costs from IMF's conditions in its loans has affected the nation's citizens with cut in programs, unemployment, and slow growth. South Korea has now created a safety net with other Asian nations, so that a financial crisis will not happen again. South Korea joined the International Monetary Fund

title: T-money

text: are also on sale. T-money T-money is a rechargeable series of smart cards and other "smart" devices used for paying transportation fares in and around Seoul and other areas of South Korea. T-money can also be used in lieu of cash or credit cards in some convenience stores and other businesses. The T-money System has been implemented and is being operated by Korea Smart Card Co., Ltd of which 34.4% owned by Seoul Metropolitan City Government, 31.85% owned by LG CNS, and 15.73% owned by Credit Card Union. Similar to its predecessor, the "Seoul Bus Card", T-money can be used

title: Economy of South Korea

text: Economy of South Korea The economy of South Korea is the 4th largest in Asia and the 11th largest in the world. It is a mixed economy dominated by family-owned conglomerates called chaebols, however, the dominance of the chaebol is unlikely to last and at engenders risk of slowing down the transformation of Korean economy for the benefit of future generations. South Korea is known for its spectacular rise from one of the poorest countries in the world to a developed, high-income country in just a few generations. This economic growth is called by some a miracle, and described as

title: Prostitution in South Korea

text: Law are Cheongnyangni 588, Yongsan Station, and Mia-ri in Seoul and Jagalmadang in Daegu. While not all of them are operating to full capacity, some still exist while being tolerated not only due to the vast amount of money that is involved in the business, but also in an attempt to control the sex industry. Other sexual services include 가택 마사지 (gataek massaji), an "in-call" massage where the customer would travel or meet at the masseuse's home or quarters; 키스방 (kiss bang), rooms where customers pay to french kiss and fondle women; and 출장 마사지 (chuljang massaji) or an "out-call"

title: Economy of South Korea

text: country's GDP increased from $88 billion to $1,460 billion in the same time frame. In 2009, South Korea officially became the first major recipient of ODA to have ascended to the status of a major donor of ODA. Between 2008 and 2009, South Korea donated economic aid of $1.7 billion to countries other than North Korea. South Korea's separate annual economic aid to North Korea has historically been more than twice its ODA. On June 23, 2012, South Korea became the 7th member of the 20-50 club (A locally defined term with the population surpassing 50 million and maintaining per

title: Corruption in South Korea

text: Corruption in South Korea Corruption is a serious problem in South Korea. Transparency International's 2016 Corruption Perception Index ranks the country 52nd place out of 176 countries. More recently, in 2015, Lee Wan-koo, former prime minister of South Korea, resigned after being embroiled in a corruption scandal, which has also damaged the reputation of the president, Park Geun-hye. Lee Wan-koo had become prime minister in February 2015. But two months into his job, Sung Wan-jong, a construction tycoon, committed suicide, leaving a note accusing those who had received money from him. The former prime minister was on this list. Lee

title: Real estate in South Korea

text: house price ratio is often used as a tool to gauge whether or not the house price is inflated. This unique way of renting a house is called "jeonse"; a renter makes a lump-sum deposit on a rental space instead of paying monthly rent, at anywhere from 50 to 100% of the market value, and gets back the whole deposit when the rent contract ends. The home-owner is free to invest the deposit as wanted, as long as the same amount of money is returned to the tenant at the end of the contract. Since the "jeonse" price reflects the

title: Visa policy of South Korea

text: the cost of living and other costs they felt that 100 million was more representative of what was required as a minimum investment to start a business in Korea. However, there was also concern that some foreigners were taking advantage of the visa and using it to reside permanently in Korea without actually creating any business. Once the visa has been issued the government doesn't keep track of the investment, so some foreigners were using agents who provided the investment money for a fee in order for them to obtain the visa. Concern was raised that the increase would do

title: South Korean won

short_answers:
The won
won


question: who played young monica in love and basketball

answers: Kyla Pratt

title: Love & Basketball

text: Love & Basketball Love & Basketball is a 2000 American romantic drama film starring Sanaa Lathan and Omar Epps. The film tells the story of Quincy McCall (Epps) and Monica Wright (Lathan), two next-door neighbors in Los Angeles, California who are pursuing their basketball careers before eventually falling for each other. The film was produced by 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, and marks the directorial debut of screenwriter Gina Prince-Bythewood. Monica (Sanaa Lathan) and Quincy (Omar Epps) have wanted to be professional basketball stars since they were kids. Monica wanted to play for the Los Angeles Lakers and wear

title: Love & Basketball

text: Georgia, and quickly became acquainted with their new neighbors the McCalls. They are a wealthy family due to the success of Quincy's father Zeke, who was the star shooting guard for the Los Angeles Clippers. Quincy and Monica are drawn to each other instantly, sharing a love of the game: basketball. Quincy (played as a youth by Glendon Chattman) is shocked that a girl could ever love basketball as much as he did. He is even more shocked when Monica plays so well. Their first interaction results in Quincy angrily knocking her down during game point and accidentally scarring her

title: Love & Basketball

text: enjoy so much. Through soul searching throughout the season, Monica learns to control her emotions and leads her team to the state championship game. Unfortunately, both she and her team came up short leading them to a victory. This left Monica devastated and in tears. Later on, Monica begins to recover from the championship loss with the help of her older sister, Lena, who gives her a makeover. She even finds Monica a college friend to take her to her spring dance. With nothing more than a new hair style and a dress, Monica shows up to the spring dance

title: Love & Basketball

text: is still good friends and neighbors with Monica. Monica, on the other hand, struggles with her various fiery emotions on the court. This often resulted in technical fouls at critical moments of games, getting benched, and eventually pushing away many potential scouting opportunities due to her lack of control. Aside from her emotions on the court, Monica also struggles with the emotions she secretly still harbors for Quincy. Often, she struggles to express them as he is always surrounded by other girls. Monica also has problems with her mother Camille, who is a stay at home wife and mother. Ever

title: Love & Basketball

title: Love & Basketball

text: since she was a little girl, Monica has been pressured by Camille to give up basketball and "act like a lady." This leads to the point, where Camille would force her to wear dresses and skirts against her will. This has continued into her high school years, with Camille still complaining that Monica is too much of a "tomboy" and needs to learn to be more feminine. This prompts Monica to feel hurt and resentful of her mother for not accepting her for who she is. She even refuses to embrace the domestic "housewife" work that her mother seems to

title: Love & Basketball

text: as more and more female admirers, Monica struggles for playing time, being the backup to USC's senior guard, Sidra O'Neal. To make matters worse, she falls on the bad side of the head coach, Ellie Davis. She reprimands Monica both for showing off and for her lack of defense. Her relationship with Quincy becomes more and more strained. Meanwhile, Quincy struggles to deal with the media attention surrounding his father, who is trying to convince Quincy to finish college first before going pro, and a paternity suit against him from a former lover. Quincy feels betrayed by his father for

title: Love & Basketball

text: closer. By this time, Monica has decided to give up basketball and work at a bank with her dad instead. When Quincy asks Monica, she states that it was no longer fun for her. However, Quincy does not understand, stating that he never knew anyone who loved basketball as much as she did. After seeing how truly unhappy her youngest daughter is without either basketball or Quincy (or both) in her life, Camille finally relents and encourages Monica to fight for her dreams and the man she loves. Quincy and Monica meet up, this time as friends, and reminisce over

title: Love & Basketball

text: find a role with his new team, the Los Angeles Lakers. The moment he finally finds some playing time, he injures himself landing awkwardly after a slam-dunk and tearing his ACL. His family rushes to the hospital to be with him, but his now divorced parents still have bad blood when they see each other. After Monica hears about Quincy's injury, she flies home to see him. Monica goes to the hospital to visit Quincy, and is stunned to hear of Quincy's engagement and to meet his fiancée (Tyra Banks). After her meeting with Quincy, Monica soon realizes that her

title: Love & Basketball

text: that Big Toni, their teammate at USC, quits the previous year and now works at a bookstore. Monica tries to adapt to her surroundings as a local sports celebrity and the focal point of the team's offense. She leads her team to a dominant victory in the championship game at the end of the season. Despite all of her personal success, Monica starts to realize that her love for basketball isn't the same as it was before. Having left USC five years earlier after his freshman season, Quincy is now in his fifth year in the pros. He tries to

title: Love & Basketball

text: apart from Monica and chooses her instead. The phrase "double or nothing" brings a whole new meaning to the game. The film fast-forwards to five years later in 1998. Monica has finally gone pro in the WNBA, which was created two years earlier by the NBA in 1996. The movie ends with Quincy helping their baby daughter cheer on Monica during her game. The back of her jersey is seen with the name "Wright-McCall", showing that Monica and Quincy got married. In the closing post-credit scene, Quincy and Monica's toddler daughter is seen in the backyard, running and putting her

title: Monica (singer)

text: urban R&B gets in 1998." Monica has also made guest appearances on several television shows such as "Living Single" (1996), "Beverly Hills, 90210" (1997, 1999). In 2000, Monica made her film debut in the third drama from MTV Films, "Love Song", as Camille Livingston, a young woman torn between the life her parents have planned for her and the world she experiences after meeting a musician from the wrong side of the tracks. The film debut the song "What My Heart Says" with promotion of her third album "All Eyez on Me" (2002). The film was released on April 30,

title: Dana Davis

text: "The O.C.", "Gilmore Girls", "Point Pleasant", "Pushing Daisies", and "Hidden Palms". In July 2007, "The Hollywood Reporter" announced that Davis would be joining the second season of the TV series "Heroes", as Monica Dawson, who was described as a "young hero" willing to "give up everything to help the people around her". The character is the niece of D.L. Hawkins and first cousin of Micah Sanders. She has the power of muscle mimicry, meaning she can master instantly any physical skill she witnesses. Davis played the role of Peyton in the hit film "Coach Carter" (2005) alongside Ashanti. She also

title: Love & Basketball

text: feelings for him still exist. Monica also clashes with her mother Camille again over old resentments, causing Camille to remark that she had to give up her own dreams after having two daughters. Camille also shows open resentment towards Monica for not appreciating the sacrifices she made for her family. However, Monica counter-argued that Camille never made her feel loved and accepted, because she kept trying to force her to give up her goals for a stereotypical "woman's role" in life that she didn't want. Over the next few months, Quincy undergoes rehabilitation, while the day of his wedding draws

title: Love & Basketball

text: USC was also his choice. As they move in to congratulate each other with a hug, Monica mistakes the gesture as a kiss. This action leads to them finally acting on their feelings for one another by making love to each other. It was Monica's first time. The third quarter of the story follows Quincy and Monica to their freshman year at USC in 1988-89, where they are managing themselves as athletes, students, and a couple. Again, the same problems seem to present themselves, this time on a bigger stage. While Quincy finds instant success on the court, as well

title: Love & Basketball

text: face. However, the next day, they share their first kiss on the first day of school and end the "first quarter" of the story fighting in the grass. The second quarter of the story begins in 1988, when both Monica and Quincy are the respective leaders of their high school teams. Scouts have taken clear notice of Quincy, who many see as one of the top prospects in the country. His popularity was not just evident on the court as he is extremely popular with the other students. He could have any girl in school that he wanted, but he

title: Love & Basketball

text: them to go their separate ways. The fourth quarter of the story follows the characters through the early 1990s, a few years before the establishment of the WNBA. In 1993, Monica's prospects for professional basketball lie exclusively in the IWBA, the International Women's Basketball Association, while Quincy steps into the pros at home. Monica settles into her new life in Barcelona, where she struggles to cope with the everyday grind of playing overseas away from family and friends. She misses home, but can't imagine a life that didn't include basketball. It was revealed earlier in college, where Sidra points out

title: Love & Basketball

text: their shared past. At this point, Quincy has recovered from his injury, and Monica finally steps up with an ultimatum. She challenges him to one final game on the court. However, this time, the stakes are higher: if he loses, he calls off the wedding and chooses Monica. If not, he marries his fiancée. Her reasoning is that if he loses, it would be, because he let her win, which would mean that, deep down, he really doesn't want to get married, because he still loves her. Quincy agrees and beats her in the game, but can no longer be

title: Monica Raymund

text: Monica Raymund Monica Raymund (born July 26, 1986) is an American actress known for her roles as Maria "Ria" Torres in the Fox crime drama "Lie to Me" (2009–2011), Dana Lodge in the CBS legal drama "The Good Wife" (2011–2012) and Gabriela Dawson Casey in the NBC drama "Chicago Fire" (2012–2018). Raymund was born in St. Petersburg, Florida to Steve Raymund, the board chairman and retired CEO of Tech Data Corp., a Clearwater-based distributor of computer components and software, and Sonia (née Lara), "a community volunteer [and the] co-founder of the Soulful Arts Dance Academy in St. Petersburg," who hails

title: Love & Basketball

text: all-time for a basketball film and thirty-seventh all-time for a sports drama. The film grossed $27,728,118 worldwide; $268,503 (1%) was grossed outside of the United States. | 2001 | rowspan="6" | 2001 | 2000 | 2000 | 2001 | rowspan="5" | 2001 Love & Basketball Love & Basketball is a 2000 American romantic drama film starring Sanaa Lathan and Omar Epps. The film tells the story of Quincy McCall (Epps) and Monica Wright (Lathan), two next-door neighbors in Los Angeles, California who are pursuing their basketball careers before eventually falling for each other. The film was produced by 40 Acres

title: Monica (singer)

text: 8, 2008. The son was named Romelo Montez Hill, named after Monica's younger brother. The pair parted ways in early 2010. In June 2010, Monica met NBA player Shannon Brown when looking for someone to play the love interest in her video for "Love All Over Me". Monica later announced her engagement to Brown via her Twitter account, posting a photo of a rose-cut diamond ring. On November 22, 2010, the couple married in a secret ceremony at their Los Angeles home. The marriage, however, did not become a matter of public record until January 21, 2011, when Brown told

title: Monica Geller

text: Monica Geller Monica E. Geller is a fictional character, one of the six main characters who appears on the American sitcom "Friends" (1994–2004). Created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, and portrayed by actress Courteney Cox, Monica appears in each of the show's 236 episodes, from its premiere on September 24, 1994, to its finale on May 6, 2004. A chef known for her cleanliness, competitiveness and obsessive-compulsive nature, Monica is the younger sister of Ross Geller and best friend of Rachel Green, the latter of whom she invites to live with her after Rachel forsakes her own wedding. The

title: Monica Cuenco

text: Monica Cuenco Maria Monica Cuenco, also known as Monica Cuenco (born November 23, 1994) is the second runner-up of "Star Power: Sharon Search For the Next Female Superstar". She is dubbed as "The Charming Biritera of Cebu". She has landed her biggest break to date, bagging the role of Dorina Pineda in an upcoming theater adaptation of classic viva hits "Bituing Walang Ningning" this June 2015. Monica lost both of her parents at a very young age. First her dad to cardiac arrest when she was 4 and then her mom to cervical cancer 11 years ago. After that, Monica

title: Monica Horan

text: Monica Horan Monica Louise Horan (born January 29, 1963) is an American actress best known for her role as Amy MacDougall-Barone on the television sitcom "Everybody Loves Raymond". Horan was born in Darby, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Selma (née Spencer), a clerk, and Robert J. Horan, a courthouse officer. She graduated from Archbishop Prendergast Catholic High School for Girls in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania in 1980. She attended Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York, graduating with a degree in Theater Performance in 1984. She then moved to New York City where she performed in off-off Broadway theatre while working as a

title: Monica Geller

text: Aniston, Cox' co-star to whom the role of Monica had originally been offered. Before "Friends" aired, Monica's characterization was greatly debated among writers in regards to the character sleeping with a man on their first date during the pilot. Kauffman in particular greatly defended Monica, arguing with NBC executive Don Ohlmeyer over whether or not this would make the character too promiscuous. Ultimately, the episode aired unchanged after the studio surveyed the audience, the results of which returned in favor of Monica's existing storyline. The character's struggles with childhood obesity, challenges with romantic relationships and complicated relationship with her mother

title: Shannon Brown

text: stepsons (via his marriage to Monica), Rodney Ramone Hill III and Romelo Montez Hill. Brown's younger brother Sterling also became an NBA player. Since 2010, Brown has been in a relationship with R&B singer Monica. The pair met in June 2010 when Brown was consulted to star as her love interest in the music video for the single "Love All Over Me". In October 2010, Monica confirmed her engagement to Brown via Twitter, posting a photo of her rose-cut diamond ring. On November 22, 2010, Monica and Brown were married in a secret ceremony at their Los Angeles home. The

title: Monica Cuenco

text: of the classic drama “Bituing Walang Ningning.” Monica Cuenco Maria Monica Cuenco, also known as Monica Cuenco (born November 23, 1994) is the second runner-up of "Star Power: Sharon Search For the Next Female Superstar". She is dubbed as "The Charming Biritera of Cebu". She has landed her biggest break to date, bagging the role of Dorina Pineda in an upcoming theater adaptation of classic viva hits "Bituing Walang Ningning" this June 2015. Monica lost both of her parents at a very young age. First her dad to cardiac arrest when she was 4 and then her mom to cervical

title: Monica Keena

text: playing Lilliana "Lilli" Hoffman in the folktale-inspired film "". She has appeared in numerous television and movie projects including the TBS Original Movie "First Daughter" and "Crime and Punishment in Suburbia" which appeared at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival. Monica appeared in the film "While You Were Sleeping", "The Simian Line" and Lynn Redgrave, and "Bad Girls From Valley High" with the film eventually released straight to DVD in 2005. In 2003, she played the heroine Lori Campbell in "Freddy vs. Jason". In 2006, she played Celia in the film "Left in Darkness". Keena had a recurring role as Abby

title: Monica Geller

text: best friend Rachel because the actress "had this cheery, upbeat energy", which was significantly different than how they had envisioned Monica at the time. Feeling she was not "quirky" enough to portray Rachel, Cox lobbied in favor of playing Monica instead because she was drawn to the character's "strong" personality, but the producers feared that she was not "tough" enough for the role, which was offered to actress Jennifer Aniston, alongside whom Cox would eventually co-star. Meanwhile, a close competitor for the role was actress Nancy McKeon; Littlefield recalled having greatly enjoyed both actress' auditions equally, and left the final

title: Nancy McKeon

text: executives for the title role in the TV sitcom adaptation of the 1988 film "Working Girl"; the role, played by Melanie Griffith in the movie, instead went to then unknown Sandra Bullock for the TV series. In 1994, both McKeon and Courteney Cox auditioned for the role of Monica Geller on "Friends." The role went to the latter. When asked in interviews about the auditions, McKeon said, "I have no hard feelings. The role went to the right person. Courteney was brilliant. Now, I can't see anybody playing the role, not even myself." In 1995, she starred in her own

title: Love & Basketball

long_answer: The film spans roughly thirteen years of friendship between childhood sweethearts Monica Wright and Quincy McCall. The first quarter of the story begins in 1981, when Monica (played as a youth by Kyla Pratt) and her family moved to Los Angeles in 1981 from Atlanta, Georgia, and quickly became acquainted with their new neighbors the McCalls, a wealthy family due to the success of Quincy's father Zeke, the star shooting guard for the Los Angeles Clippers. Quincy and Monica are drawn to each other instantly, sharing a love of the game: basketball. Quincy (played as a youth by Glendon Chattman) is shocked that a girl could ever love basketball as much as he did, and he is even more shocked when Monica plays so well. Although their first interaction results in Quincy angrily knocking her down during game point and accidentally scarring her face, they share their first kiss on the first day of school and end the "first quarter" of the story fighting in the grass.


question: where do most star formation occur in the milky way today

answers: molecular clouds in interstellar space

title: Milky Way

text: of the chemical signatures of thousands of stars suggests that stellar formation might have dropped by an order of magnitude at the time of disk formation, 10 to 8 billion years ago, when interstellar gas was too hot to form new stars at the same rate as before. The satellite galaxies surrounding the Milky way are not randomly distributed, but seemed to be the result of a break-up of some larger system producing a ring structure 500,000 light years in diameter and 50,000 light years wide. Close encounters between galaxies, like that expected in 4 billion years with the Andromeda

title: Milky Way

text: was spinning relatively quickly. Due to conservation of angular momentum, this led the gaseous interstellar medium to collapse from a roughly spheroidal shape to a disk. Therefore, later generations of stars formed in this spiral disk. Most younger stars, including the Sun, are observed to be in the disk. Since the first stars began to form, the Milky Way has grown through both galaxy mergers (particularly early in the Milky Way's growth) and accretion of gas directly from the Galactic halo. The Milky Way is currently accreting material from several small galaxies, including two of its largest satellite galaxies, the

title: Star formation

text: In February 2018, astronomers reported, for the first time, a signal of the reionization epoch, an indirect detection of light from the earliest stars formed - about 180 million years after the Big Bang. Stars of different masses are thought to form by slightly different mechanisms. The theory of low-mass star formation, which is well-supported by a plethora of observations, suggests that low-mass stars form by the gravitational collapse of rotating density enhancements within molecular clouds. As described above, the collapse of a rotating cloud of gas and dust leads to the formation of an accretion disk through which matter

title: Galaxy

text: have dense molecular clouds of interstellar hydrogen in their spiral arms. Elliptical galaxies are largely devoid of this gas, and so form few new stars. The supply of star-forming material is finite; once stars have converted the available supply of hydrogen into heavier elements, new star formation will come to an end. The current era of star formation is expected to continue for up to one hundred billion years, and then the "stellar age" will wind down after about ten trillion to one hundred trillion years (10–10 years), as the smallest, longest-lived stars in our universe, tiny red dwarfs, begin

title: Star formation

title: Cosmic latte

text: examined spectral analysis of different galaxies to study star formation. Like Fraunhofer lines, the dark lines displayed in the study's spectral ranges display older and younger stars and allow Glazebrook and Baldry to determine the age of different galaxies and star systems. What the study revealed is that the overwhelming majority of stars formed about 5 billion years ago. Because these stars would have been "brighter" in the past, the color of the universe changes over time shifting from blue to red as more blue stars change to yellow and eventually red giants. As light from distant galaxies reaches the

title: Astronomy

text: exception of impact cratering. The study of stars and stellar evolution is fundamental to our understanding of the Universe. The astrophysics of stars has been determined through observation and theoretical understanding; and from computer simulations of the interior. Star formation occurs in dense regions of dust and gas, known as giant molecular clouds. When destabilized, cloud fragments can collapse under the influence of gravity, to form a protostar. A sufficiently dense, and hot, core region will trigger nuclear fusion, thus creating a main-sequence star. Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were created inside the cores of stars. The

title: Galaxy formation and evolution

text: can expel enough cold gas to quench star formation. Our own Milky Way and the nearby Andromeda Galaxy currently appear to be undergoing the quenching transition from star-forming blue galaxies to passive red galaxies. Galaxy formation and evolution The study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, as a result of tiny

title: Milky Way

text: Galaxy lie in what in the galaxy color–magnitude diagram is known as the "green valley", a region populated by galaxies in transition from the "blue cloud" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the "red sequence" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star-formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas in the interstellar medium. In simulated galaxies with similar properties, star formation will typically have been extinguished within about five billion years from now, even accounting for the expected, short-term increase in the rate of star formation due to the collision between both the Milky

title: Star formation

text: the star formation process is comparable to the other timescales of their evolution, much shorter, and the process is not so well defined. The later evolution of stars are studied in stellar evolution. Key elements of star formation are only available by observing in wavelengths other than the optical. The protostellar stage of stellar existence is almost invariably hidden away deep inside dense clouds of gas and dust left over from the GMC. Often, these star-forming cocoons known as Bok globules, can be seen in silhouette against bright emission from surrounding gas. Early stages of a star's life can be

title: Nebular hypothesis

text: which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk, proplyd, around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10–100 million years. The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools

title: Open cluster

text: particularly dense form known as infrared dark clouds, eventually leading to the formation of up to several thousand stars. This star formation begins enshrouded in the collapsing cloud, blocking the protostars from sight but allowing infrared observation. In the Milky Way galaxy, the formation rate of open clusters is estimated to be one every few thousand years. The hottest and most massive of the newly formed stars (known as OB stars) will emit intense ultraviolet radiation, which steadily ionizes the surrounding gas of the giant molecular cloud, forming an H II region. Stellar winds and radiation pressure from the massive

title: Formation and evolution of the Solar System

text: a part of that galaxy. After a further series of glancing blows, during which the likelihood of the Solar System's ejection rises to 30%, the galaxies' supermassive black holes will merge. Eventually, in roughly 6 billion years, the Milky Way and Andromeda will complete their merger into a giant elliptical galaxy. During the merger, if there is enough gas, the increased gravity will force the gas to the centre of the forming elliptical galaxy. This may lead to a short period of intensive star formation called a starburst. In addition, the infalling gas will feed the newly formed black hole,

title: Milky Way

text: curve. The Milky Way began as one or several small overdensities in the mass distribution in the Universe shortly after the Big Bang. Some of these overdensities were the seeds of globular clusters in which the oldest remaining stars in what is now the Milky Way formed. Nearly half the matter in the Milky Way may have come from other distant galaxies. Nonetheless, these stars and clusters now comprise the stellar halo of the Milky Way. Within a few billion years of the birth of the first stars, the mass of the Milky Way was large enough so that it

title: Galactic Center

text: however does not allow definite conclusions to be drawn at this point. Star formation does not seem to be occurring currently at the Galactic Center, although the Circumnuclear Disk of molecular gas that orbits the Galactic Center at two parsecs seems a fairly favorable site for star formation. Work presented in 2002 by Antony Stark and Chris Martin mapping the gas density in a 400-light-year region around the Galactic Center has revealed an accumulating ring with a mass several million times that of the Sun and near the critical density for star formation. They predict that in approximately 200 million

title: Thin disk

text: of the Milky Way is estimated to have been formed 8.8 ± 1.7 billion years ago. It may have collided with a smaller satellite galaxy, causing the stars in the thin disk to be shaken up and creating the thick disk, while the gas would have settled into the galactic plane and reformed the thin disk. Thin disk The thin disk is a structural component of spiral and S0-type galaxies, composed of stars, gas and dust. The Milky Way's thin disk is thought to have a scale height of around in the vertical axis perpendicular to the disk, and a

title: Andromeda Galaxy

text: formed most of the galaxy's (metal-rich) galactic halo and extended disk. During this epoch, its rate of star formation would have been very high, to the point of becoming a luminous infrared galaxy for roughly 100 million years. Andromeda and the Triangulum Galaxy had a very close passage 2–4 billion years ago. This event produced high rates of star formation across the Andromeda Galaxy's disk—even some globular clusters—and disturbed M33's outer disk. Over the past 2 billion years, star formation throughout Andromeda's disk is thought to have decreased to the point of near-inactivity. There have been interactions with satellite galaxies

title: Galaxy

text: galaxies, for example in M 82 and the Antennae, and in nuclear starburst regions, for example in the centers of NGC 1097 and of other barred galaxies. Galactic formation and evolution is an active area of research in astrophysics. Current cosmological models of the early Universe are based on the Big Bang theory. About 300,000 years after this event, atoms of hydrogen and helium began to form, in an event called recombination. Nearly all the hydrogen was neutral (non-ionized) and readily absorbed light, and no stars had yet formed. As a result, this period has been called the "dark ages".

title: CL J1001+0220

text: massive galaxies closest to its centre are starburst galaxies, forming new stars at the rate of about 3,400 Suns per year. In contrast, the Milky Way produces only the equivalent of one Sun per year, so these galaxies at the core of the cluster are producing stars at a rate three hundred times greater than the Milky Way on average. Other galaxy clusters at ten billion light years and closer have far less star formation, and this suggests that star formation slows down in large galaxies within clusters after the galaxies have already come together during the development of a

title: Milky Way

text: Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, through the Magellanic Stream. Direct accretion of gas is observed in high-velocity clouds like the Smith Cloud. However, properties of the Milky Way such as stellar mass, angular momentum, and metallicity in its outermost regions suggest it has undergone no mergers with large galaxies in the last 10 billion years. This lack of recent major mergers is unusual among similar spiral galaxies; its neighbour the Andromeda Galaxy appears to have a more typical history shaped by more recent mergers with relatively large galaxies. According to recent studies, the Milky Way as well as the Andromeda

text: Although the vast majority of galaxies in the Universe are moving away from the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy, the largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, is heading toward it at about 120 km/s. In 4 billion years, Andromeda and the Milky Way will collide, causing both to deform as tidal forces distort their outer arms into vast tidal tails. If this initial disruption occurs, astronomers calculate a 12% chance that the Solar System will be pulled outward into the Milky Way's tidal tail and a 3% chance that it will become gravitationally bound to Andromeda and thus

title: Star formation

text: form clouds, or "diffuse nebulae", where star formation takes place. In contrast to spirals, an elliptical galaxy loses the cold component of its interstellar medium within roughly a billion years, which hinders the galaxy from forming diffuse nebulae except through mergers with other galaxies. In the dense nebulae where stars are produced, much of the hydrogen is in the molecular (H) form, so these nebulae are called molecular clouds. Observations indicate that the coldest clouds tend to form low-mass stars, observed first in the infrared inside the clouds, then in visible light at their surface when the clouds dissipate, while

title: Whirlpool Galaxy

text: and made another disk crossing as recently as 50 to 100 million years ago until it is where we observe it to be now, slightly behind M51. The central region of M51 appears to be undergoing a period of enhanced star formation. The present efficiency of star formation, defined as the ratio of mass of new stars to the mass of star-forming gas, is only ~1%, quite comparable to the global value for the Milky Way and other galaxies. It is estimated that the current high rate of star formation can last no more than another 100 million years or

title: Milky Way

text: that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with a diameter between 150,000 and 200,000 light-years (ly). It is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars and more than 100 billion planets. The Solar System is located at a radius of 26,490 (± 100) light-years from the Galactic Center, on the inner edge of the Orion Arm, one of the spiral-shaped concentrations

title: Stellar population

text: and 2011 suggest the first star groups might have consisted of a massive star surrounded by several smaller stars. The smaller stars, if they remained in the birth cluster, would accumulate more gas and could not survive to the present day, but a 2017 study concluded that if a star of 0.8 solar masses or less was ejected from its birth cluster before it accumulated more mass, it could survive to the present day, possibly even in our Milky Way galaxy. One proposal, developed by computer models of star formation, is that with no heavy elements and a much warmer

title: Star formation

text: Star formation Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in The "medium" is present further soon.-->interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions", collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products. It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy. Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star,

title: Milky Way

text: star. Although the disk contains dust that obscures the view in some wavelengths, the halo component does not. Active star formation takes place in the disk (especially in the spiral arms, which represent areas of high density), but does not take place in the halo, as there is little gas cool enough to collapse into stars. Open clusters are also located primarily in the disk. Discoveries in the early 21st century have added dimension to the knowledge of the Milky Way's structure. With the discovery that the disk of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) extends much further than previously thought, the

title: Chronology of the universe

text: star formation began in earnest. Analysis of such observations made by the European Space Agency's Planck telescope in 2016 concluded that the first generation of stars formed 700 million years after the Big Bang. Quasars provides some additional evidence of early structure formation. Their light shows evidence of elements such as carbon, magnesium, iron and oxygen. This is evidence that by the time quasars formed, a massive phase of star formation had already taken place, including sufficient generations of population III stars to give rise to these elements. As the first stars, dwarf galaxies and quasars gradually form, the intense

title: I Zwicky 18

text: 18. The Hubble Space Telescope, however, later found faint, older stars contained within the galaxy, suggesting its star formation started at least one billion years ago and possibly as much as ten billion years ago. The galaxy, therefore, may have formed at the same time as most other galaxies. Spectroscopic observations with ground-based telescopes have shown that I Zwicky 18 is almost exclusively composed of hydrogen and helium, the main ingredients created in the Big Bang. The galaxy's primordial makeup suggests that its rate of star formation has been much lower than that of other galaxies of similar age. The

title: Henize 206

text: outside the Milky Way galaxy, nearly 163,000 light-years away, called the Large Magellanic Cloud. The nebula is home to hundreds and possibly thousands of stars, ranging in age from two to 10 million years old. According to theories of stellar formation, as in other stellar nurseries, the stars in Henize 206 were created after a dying star, or supernova, exploded, sending intense shockwaves through clouds of cosmic gas and dust. The gas and dust were subsequently compressed into large groups, then gravity further condensed them into massive objects, and stars were born. Eventually, some of the stars are expected to

title: Star formation

long_answer: Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions", collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products. It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy. Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function.