question: who played harley in harley davidson and the marlboro man

answers: Mickey Rourke

title: Mickey Rourke

text: film, which gained him a nomination for a Razzie award (also for "Desperate Hours"). In 1991 he starred in the box office bomb "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man" as Harley Davidson, a biker whose best friend, Marlboro, was played by Don Johnson. In his last role before departing for the boxing ring, Rourke played an arms dealer chased by Willem Dafoe and Samuel L. Jackson in "White Sands", a film noir that reviewers found stylish but incoherent. Rourke's acting career eventually became overshadowed by his personal life and career decisions. Directors such as Alan Parker found it difficult to

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: poignantly bad actioner about two legends-in-their-own-minds". Vincent Canby of "The New York Times" wrote, "Mr. Rourke and Mr. Johnson handle their roles with more ease and humor than can be accommodated by a movie so stuffed with mindless fistfights, gunfights, helicopter chases, explosions and leaps from tall buildings." "Time Out London" called it "utter rubbish, and badly dressed at that." Kim Newman of "Empire" wrote, "For a while, its crassness is amusing, but as the plot sets in, it gradually turns into a stultifying bore." Johnson and Rourke have spoken negatively of the film. Rourke cited the film as the

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: beginning of his decline in mainstream Hollywood. Johnson, while promoting the film gave a tongue-in-cheek interview where he was quoted as saying “If you're a fan of mindless action. If you don’t have a single brain cell in your head, this is the film for you.” "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man" was released to DVD by MGM Home Entertainment on February 23st, 2001 as a Region 1 widescreen DVD and to Blu-Ray disc by Shout Factory (under license from MGM) on May 19th, 2015. Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man is a 1991

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: is pulled over for speeding by a motorcycle cop; his ex-lover Virginia Slim (Chelsea Field). The two spend the night together, during which Robert learns that she's engaged. Harley takes Virginia to breakfast the next morning, during which she tells him that Crystal Dream is 100% addictive and causes lasting neurological damage and, eventually, death. Robert, fuming about Virginia's upcoming marriage, steals her fiancé's motorcycle. He and Harley go to the bank's headquarters and talk to Wilder via telephone. They demand $2.5 million in exchange for the drugs. Wilder agrees to have someone meet them that night in the airplane

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

title: Mitzi Martin

text: Mitzi Martin Mitzi Martin (born December 27, 1967) is an American actress and model, most notable for her roles in the films "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man", "Joe Dirt", "Dude, Where's My Car?", and "The Island". Her likeness and image were also used for the character Cate Archer in the computer game "No One Lives Forever". Martin first came to prominence as a fashion model. Early in her career, she was signed to top agencies such as Marilyn Models in Paris, the now defunct Bethann Models in New York, and Elite Models Los Angeles. Martin has appeared in advertisements

title: Mickey Rourke

text: Tom Sizemore in the cult classic action film "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man"; also in 1991, Rourke—who had trained as a boxer in his early years—left acting and became a professional boxer for a time. After retiring from boxing in 1994, Rourke returned to acting and had supporting roles in several films, including the drama "The Rainmaker" (1997), the comedy-drama "Buffalo '66" (1998), the thriller-remake of "Get Carter" (2000), the mystery film "The Pledge" (2001), the crime dark comedy-drama "Spun" (2002), the action film "Once Upon a Time in Mexico" (2003) and the action thriller "Man on Fire" (2004),

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: Wilder's thugs. Wilder insults Marlboro's dead father; Marlboro begins to beat him up until Wilder dangles out the window of his office, holding onto Marlboro's disintegrating cowboy boot. Harley helps him out, the boot comes apart and Wilder falls to the street. Marlboro and Harley part ways at a rodeo, where Marlboro is riding a bull. As Harley rides away, he picks up a beautiful hitchhiking woman. Other songs in the film, but not included on the soundtrack are "Stop the World" by The Screaming Jets, "Wanted Dead or Alive" by Bon Jovi, and "Work to Do" and "The Better

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: the others are cut down in brutal fashion. The two retreat to the nearby airport and hide in the baggage compartment of a plane. One of the agents nearly finds them but they escape to Las Vegas, where they check into a hotel, only to be tracked down by Alexander. The two escape to the hotel's roof and jump off into the swimming pool. Harley finds out that they've been tracked with a device hidden in the dollar coin given to them by Alexander. The two hop a freight train headed east after deactivating the tracker, but Marlboro leaves after

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: however, Alexander catches Marlboro and holds him hostage. Harley tries to shoot Alexander and misses, hitting Marlboro. Harley finally summons up the aim to hit Alexander and the two finally manage to kill him. The duo bribe Alexander's helicopter pilot into taking them to Wilder's office. They give Wilder his money back and demand he change the lease on the bar. Wilder is unwilling to do so and orders his men to kill them when the pilot, paid off by Harley and Marlboro, appears hovering in his chopper outside. He opens fire on the office with the chopper's cannon, killing

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: graveyard for the exchange. Alexander shows up with the money and the transfer goes off without any problems. That night, while they hang out in the bar's back room celebrating, Marlboro is suspicious of the ease of the exchange. Suddenly, Alexander and his men show up. Watching through a one-way mirror, the owner (Julius Harris) tries to convince them that the gang isn't there. Alexander appears to walk away as if to leave and suddenly turns around and shoots him. They open fire on the room behind the mirror; Harley and Marlboro are the only ones who escape alive as

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: telling Harley that they owe it to the dead friends that helped them to go back to LA and settle things. Harley refuses to go and Marlboro jumps off the train. Harley has a change of heart, and catches up with Marlboro and they form a plan to meet with Alexander, reactivating the tracker in the coin. Alexander traces them to the airplane graveyard, finding the briefcase that contained the money but only finding the dollar coin inside. However, he sights Harley and Marlboro nearby and a gunfight ensues. Marlboro is able to kill both of Alexander's two remaining men,

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

text: Part of Me" by Vanessa Williams. An early scene around a pool table seems to have originally featured AC/DC's "Hells Bells," but has been replaced by a sound-alike. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 22% of 18 surveyed critics gave it a positive review; the average rating was 3.6/10. Kevin Thomas of the "Los Angeles Times" called it "a mindless cobbling from countless buddy movies". Owen Gleiberman of "Entertainment Weekly" rated it C+ and called it "a kinetic formula shoot-'em-up" that is "engagingly junky entertainment with a healthy sense of its own ludicrousness." "Variety" called it "a dopey, almost

title: Marlboro Man

text: the finest was a non-smoking rodeo cowboy, Max Bryan "Turk" Robinson, who was recruited at a rodeo. Leo Burnett was not satisfied with the cowboy actors found. Broadway and MGM movie actor Christian Haren won the role as the first Marlboro Man in the early 1960s as he looked the part. Burnett then came across Darrell Winfield, who worked on a ranch, after a Cattle Rancher by the name Keith Alexander declined the role because he did not believe in smoking. Leo Burnett’s creative director was awed when he first saw Winfield: "I had seen cowboys, but I had never

title: William Thourlby

text: William Thourlby William Leo Thourlby (January 22, 1924 – April 15, 2013) was an American actor, model and writer. He was known for his rugged, cowboy look, when he appeared as the face of the Marlboro Man campaign in the 1950s. This ad campaign was one of the 20th century's most famous, redefining the Marlboro brand image from a cigarette for women to one for men. William Thourlby was born on January 22, 1924, in Detroit, Michigan, US, the son of William H. Thourlby and Edith Thourlby. He had two siblings, both sisters; Margaret P. Thourlby and Gloria G. Thourlby.

title: Marlboro Man

text: Marlboro print ads from 1978 to 1981, died at the age of 72 on January 10, 2014, of respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. A smoker since age 14, Lawson later appeared in an anti-smoking commercial that parodied the Marlboro Man, and also in an "Entertainment Tonight" segment to discuss the negative effects of smoking. Jerome Edward Jackson, aka Tobin Jackson, died of lung cancer in 2008, and was a former owner of the world-renowned "Deer Run" Mastiff kennels. Marlboro television and print ads used several real-life cowboys. "The Cowboy and His Elephant", which is ostensibly

title: Marlboro Man

text: Marlboro Man The Marlboro Man is a figure used in tobacco advertising campaigns for Marlboro cigarettes. In the United States, where the campaign originated, it was used from 1954 to 1999. The Marlboro Man was first conceived by Leo Burnett in 1954. The images initially featured rugged men portrayed in a variety of roles but later primarily featured a rugged cowboy or cowboys, in nature with a cigarette. The advertisements were originally conceived as a way to popularize filtered cigarettes, which at the time were considered feminine. The Marlboro advertising campaign, created by Leo Burnett Worldwide, is said to be

title: Marlboro Man

text: Internet Archive. Marlboro Man The Marlboro Man is a figure used in tobacco advertising campaigns for Marlboro cigarettes. In the United States, where the campaign originated, it was used from 1954 to 1999. The Marlboro Man was first conceived by Leo Burnett in 1954. The images initially featured rugged men portrayed in a variety of roles but later primarily featured a rugged cowboy or cowboys, in nature with a cigarette. The advertisements were originally conceived as a way to popularize filtered cigarettes, which at the time were considered feminine. The Marlboro advertising campaign, created by Leo Burnett Worldwide, is said

title: Wilbert Harrison

text: the movie "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man". In 1970, Harrison had some success with "My Heart Is Yours", and he toured for many years with a band known as 'Wilbert Harrison and the Roamers', and as a solo act. Harrison died of a stroke in 1994, in a Spencer, North Carolina, nursing home at the age of 65. In 2001, his recording of "Kansas City" was given a Grammy Hall of Fame Award, and has also been named as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. Harrison was inducted into

title: Steve Harley

text: Released as the lead single from Harley's forthcoming solo album "El Gran Senor", the single failed to chart. Shortly afterwards, RAK folded and was sold to EMI, leaving the album to be shelved. Later that year, Harley starred as the 16th-century playwright Christopher Marlowe in the musical-drama "Marlowe", which ran in New York and London. Harley's performance was described by one leading critic as "a major and moving performance." During the same period, Harley undertook an English 'A' level course, to which he devoted three hours of study each day. He passed in June 1987 with a 'B' grade. In

title: Wayne McLaren

text: Wayne McLaren Wayne McLaren (September 12, 1940 – July 22, 1992) was an American stuntman, model, actor, and rodeo performer. McLaren worked as a stuntman and rodeo rider before being hired to appear in ads for Marlboro. McLaren competed in bronc riding and bull riding events. In 1976, he did promotional work for the famous Marlboro cigarette advertising campaign as the "Marlboro Man". After developing lung cancer in 1990, McLaren became an anti-smoking crusader citing his 30-year smoking habit as the cause of his cancer. During the time of McLaren's anti-smoking activism, Philip Morris denied that McLaren ever appeared in

title: Daniel Baldwin

text: and graduated in 1979 from Alfred G. Berner High School in Massapequa. He also attended McKenna Junior High School. Baldwin's acting debut was in the television film "Too Good to Be True" in 1988, which he followed with roles in the films "Born on the Fourth of July" (1989), "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man" (1991) and "Hero" (1992). He returned to television in 1990 for the short-lived sitcom "Sydney", which starred Valerie Bertinelli. In 1993, Baldwin was cast in the Baltimore-based cop show "". Although he received good reviews he left in 1995 after three seasons, and his character

title: Mitzi Martin

text: for Finesse Shampoo, L'oreal, Laise Adzer, Cutex, 000.1 studio by Ferre, and LA Eyeworks. She has also graced numerous magazine covers including Elle Spain, Vogue Germany, Elle Netherlands, Flare Magazine, Model, Moda Magazine, Estetica, and Harper's Bazaar. She is currently represented by Heffner Model Management in Seattle. After a successful career as a fashion model, Martin embarked on an acting career. In 1991, she made her first appearance in the feature film "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man". It wasn't until 2000 that Martin focused her attention to acting appearing in films such as "Dude, Where's my Car?", "Joe Dirt",

title: Harley Cross

text: New York City, New York but spent much of his childhood in Paris, France; Haiti; and Los Angeles, California. He is the older brother of actress Flora Cross and actor Eli Marienthal. Harley Cross Harley Cross (born March 10, 1978) is an American entrepreneur, film/television actor and producer. He was co-founder, CEO, and artistic director of Hint Mint Inc., a designer breath mint/candy company that was master licensed to Giftcraft LLC (a Toronto based gift company) in 2016. In early 2017, Cross co-founded Land Core USA. The organisation is focused on passing US federal legislation that gives market-based solutions for

title: Harley Cross

text: Cross appeared in over a dozen films as well as many TV shows in the 1980s and 1990s including cult films "The Believers", "Someone To Watch Over Me", "The Fly II", "Cohen and Tate", and the TV series "Sister Kate" and "Dudley". His most recent roles were in the 2000 film "Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth" and the 2004 film "Kinsey". Cross was also the frontman of The Harley Cross Band in the early 2000s and has recently started a new music project with Lauren Turk called The New History. Cross was born in

title: Harley Jane Kozak

text: Harley Jane Kozak Harley Jane Kozak (born January 28, 1957) is an American actress and author. She made her film debut in the horror film "The House on Sorority Row" (1982), and had a recurring role as Mary Duvall on the soap opera "Santa Barbara" between 1985 and 1989. She later had supporting parts in "Clean and Sober" (1988) and "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989), before starring in the major studio films "Parenthood" (1989) and "Arachnophobia" (1990). Kozak continued to act in film throughout the remainder of the 1990s and into the 2000s, but turned her focus to writing. She

title: Harley Cooper

text: portraying Harley, the last being in 2006. In 2005, Ehlers and co-star, Ricky Paull Goldin, won an award for "Most Irresistible Combination" at the Daytime Emmy Awards for their portrayals of Harley and Gus Aitoro. Harley Davidson Cooper, named after her father's favorite motorcycle, grew up on the wrong side of Springfield's 5th Street and was raised by her older brother, Frank, ever since the death of their father and their mother's desertion. Since they had no parents, they were forced to depend on each other. In 1987, Harley would become pregnant with Dylan Lewis's child. Harley eventually gave up

title: Marlboro (cigarette)

text: repositioning of Marlboro as a men's cigarette was handled by Chicago advertiser Leo Burnett. The proposed campaign was to present a lineup of manly figures: sea captains, weightlifters, war correspondents, construction workers, etc. The cowboy was to have been the first in this series. While Philip Morris was concerned about the campaign, they eventually gave the green light. Marlboro's market share rose from less than one percent to the fourth best-selling brand. This convinced Philip Morris to drop the lineup of manly figures and stick with the cowboy, later known as the Marlboro Man. From 1963, the television advertisements used

title: Glenn Hughes (Village People)

text: he retired from dancing and launched a successful New York cabaret act, which kept him busy until he was diagnosed with lung cancer (he had been a regular smoker since he was a teenager). He was replaced by Eric Anzalone as the biker character. However, Hughes continued with management of the band. During his later years, he was known for storming the streets of New York with his custom Harley-Davidson motorcycle. Hughes, who was also referred to by the masses as "Leatherman", was named on People Magazine's 1979 list of most beautiful people. Hughes died in March 2001, aged 50,

title: Harley Saito

text: Harley Saito Sayori Saito (斉藤 さより) (December 21, 1967 – December 15, 2016) was a Japanese professional wrestler, who performed under the name of Harley Saito (ハーレー斉藤). She spent much of her career for Ladies Legend Pro-Wrestling. Trained by Nancy Kumi at the JWP Joshi Puroresu Dojo, Sayori Saito mader her debut for JWP in 1986, adopting the name Halley, from Halley's comet. In March 1987, she wrestled a show for New Japan Pro Wrestling, losing to Miss A. During that time, she changed her ring name to Harley, from Harley-Davidson motorcycles. She avenged the loss in April 1988 at

title: Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man

long_answer: The film is set in Los Angeles in the then-future of 1996. Harley Davidson (Mickey Rourke), dressed in biker gear, with ultra-short dyed hair, hears from the radio about a dangerous new street drug named "Crystal Dream". (The significance of this street drug does not become clear until later.) Harley goes into a rough bar and sees a cowboy-looking fellow (Don Johnson wearing a beard, cowboy hat and boots). He has scammed a fellow in a pool game but has to use strong measures when the fellow refuses payment. Harley helps him in this. We learn that they are old friends (later we learn the name he goes by is The Marlboro Man.) They visit a blues (old jazz?) bar in Burbank, which they both hold special. They go into a back room and meet Jack Daniels, an extremely-heavily-muscled lad, who immediately goes to fight Harley due to an old feud over a woman. After a manly exchange of blows and body slams, Harley tells him that he knows that the woman loves Jack and they make friends. Soon it is revealed that the bar is about to be demolished as the lease will not be renewed. "Suits" at Great Trust bank plan to replace it with a skyscraper. Harley, Marlboro, Jack and two friends decide to rob a bank to raise the money to ensure the bar's survival. A comely waitress hooks up with Harley. Marlboro borrows Harley's Harley and baits a motorcycle cop, with interesting results. In a bit of psychological revelation, we learn that he is in an intermittent amorous relationship with a beautiful woman, who tells him that she is going to settle down with another man, as she is not getting enough loving from him. He is conflicted by the news but later tells Harley that he is not the kind of man who has a wife. Harley arrives and takes her out for breakfast. An armored car is going down a street and meets a detour sign. Marlboro jumps on its back door and climbs to its roof (a visual parallel of train robbers crawling on the roofs of boxcars in old western movies). The contents of the armored car is heisted in a well-thought-out scheme, but the escape of Harley/Marlboro's gang is almost foiled by the appearance of a squad of black-trenchcoat-wearing (a la Matrix) machinepistol-firing soldiers. Jack drives a fiery motorcycle into the fray and allows them to escape. But they discover the goods they have stolen are a large amount of "Crystal Dream", not money. Chance Wilder (Tom Sizemore), president of the Great Trust branch, is obviously involved in drug dealing. Harley and Marlboro go to the bank. Showing considerable balls, Harley negotiates an exchange - the drugs for $2.5M. The exchange goes down smoothly in a visually-fascinating airplane graveyard, but then the bank's squad of soldiers finds them celebrating at the bar and it is not pretty, although Harley and Marlboro manage to escape with the money. In a running battle, Harley and Marlboro alternately flee and face off with steadily-declining elements of the squad until a final showdown in the penthouse suite of the Great Trust bank. The closing scene: Marlboro has gone back to rodeo bull-riding and Harley on his bike takes to the road, stopping only temporarily to pick up a ravishing and shapely hitchhiker who tells him she is going "no place special", a destination that Harley promises to take her. Much of the film was filmed in and around Tucson, Arizona and the "Boneyard" at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.


question: what is upstream project in oil and gas

answers: drilling exploratory wells

title: Upstream (petroleum industry)

text:
company that specializes in the sale and distribution of equipment to the oil and gas industry. Many major security companies take part in securing the industry. Any other oil and gas related business not defined above. ISO 20815 defines "Upstream" in its definition section as:
 3.1.48 upstream
 business category of the petroleum industry involving exploration and production. Upstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream (or exploration and production- E&P")", midstream and downstream. The upstream sector includes searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling exploratory

title: Petroleum industry in Canada

text: However, due to the recent nature of the discoveries there are not yet any plans to develop them. These oil fields are or were economically important to the Canadian economy: There are three components of the Canadian petroleum industry: upstream, midstream and downstream. The upstream oil sector is also commonly known as the "exploration and production (E&P) sector". The upstream sector includes the searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling of exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface.

title: Petroleum industry in Canada

text: With the development of methods for extracting methane from coal seams, there has been a significant shift toward including unconventional gas as a part of the upstream sector, and corresponding developments in liquified natural gas (LNG) processing and transport. The upstream sector of the petroleum industry includes Extraction of petroleum, Oil production plant, Oil refinery and Oil well. The midstream sector involves the transportation, storage, and wholesale marketing of crude or refined petroleum products. Canada has a large network of pipelines - over 840,000 km - that transport crude oil and natural gas across the country. There are four main

title: Downstream (petroleum industry)

text: Downstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as well as hundreds of petrochemicals. Midstream operations are often included in the downstream category

title: Upstream (petroleum industry)

text: The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream (or exploration and production- E&P), midstream and downstream. The upstream sector includes searching for potential underground or underwater crude oil and natural gas fields, drilling exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface.  There has been a significant shift toward including unconventional gas as a part of the upstream sector, and corresponding developments in liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing and transport.

title: Petroleum engineering

text: Petroleum engineering Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Exploration and production are deemed to fall within the "upstream" sector of the oil and gas industry. Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. Petroleum geology and geophysics focus on provision of a static description of the hydrocarbon reservoir rock, while petroleum engineering focuses on estimation of the recoverable volume of

title: Upstream (newspaper)

text: Upstream (newspaper) Upstream is an independent oil and gas industry upstream sector weekly newspaper and a daily internet news site. The newspaper is owned by NHST Media Group. It is headquartered in Oslo, Norway. The newspaper covers the upstream sector of the global oil and gas industry with full-time staff correspondents in all the major centres of the industry. It is published every Friday. Upstream had full-time reporters based in its head office in Oslo, as well as bureaux and correspondents in London, Moscow, Accra, New Delhi, Singapore, Wellington, Rio de Janeiro and Houston. Its editor in chief is Erik

title: ISO 15926

text: Upstream Oil and Gas industry. It is seen as one of the enablers of what has been called the next (or second) generation of Integrated operations, where a better integration across companies is the goal. The following projects are currently running (May 2009): Finalised projects include: One of the main requirements was (and still is) that the scope of the data model covers the entire lifecycle of a facility (e.g. oil refinery) and its components (e.g. pipes, pumps and their parts, etc.). Since such a facility over such a long time entails many different types of activities on a myriad

title: Petroleum in the United States

text: States oil industry is made up of thousands of companies, engaged in exploration and production, transportation, refining, distribution, and marketing of oil. The industry is often informally divided into "upstream" (exploration and production), "midstream" (transportation and refining), and "downstream" (distribution and marketing). The industry sector involved in oil exploration and production is for all practical purposes identical with the sector exploring and producing natural gas, but oil and natural gas have different midstream and downstream sectors ("see": Natural gas in the United States). The term major oil company has no formal definition, but usually refers to a large vertically integrated

title: International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

text: the upstream industry and the European Union (EU). This involves regular contact with the European Commission and the European Parliament. Every year, IOGP collects and publishes data on upstream operations worldwide, both onshore and offshore, from participating member companies and their contractor employees. The reports are free and publicly available. The data covers: Occupational safety: Since 1985, when IOGP started reporting annual trends in upstream safety data, there have been considerable improvements in industry performance. Today, it is the industry’s largest database of safety performance, covering participating member company employees and their contractors onshore and offshore, worldwide. Fatal incidents are

title: Mineral industry of Peru

text: for natural gas and petroleum in Lots 57 and X, respectively. The Camisea Project encompasses three segments—Upstream, Transportation, and Distribution of natural gas from the Camisea field, which is located in the Ucayali Basin in the Department of Cusco. Under the license contract, the Upstream Consortium holds the rights to produce natural gas and liquids in block 88 for 40 years. Investments to develop and produce, transport, and distribute natural gas from the Camisea field were estimated as follows: the Upstream Project to develop and produce natural gas, $550 million; the Transportation Project to transport natural gas and liquids to

title: Upstream (newspaper)

text: days a week from London, Oslo, Houston and Perth. It provides breaking news and online feature articles written by a dedicated online editorial team, as well as giving access to digital versions of the newspaper in various formats. Upstream (newspaper) Upstream is an independent oil and gas industry upstream sector weekly newspaper and a daily internet news site. The newspaper is owned by NHST Media Group. It is headquartered in Oslo, Norway. The newspaper covers the upstream sector of the global oil and gas industry with full-time staff correspondents in all the major centres of the industry. It is published

title: Petroleum industry in Canada

text: natural gas. The downstream sector touches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as well as hundreds of petrochemicals. Midstream operations are often included in the downstream category and considered to be a part of the downstream sector. Crude oil, for example, Western Canadian Select (WCS) is a mixture of many varieties of hydrocarbons and most usually has many sulfur-containing compounds. The refining process converts most of that sulfur into gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Raw natural gas also may contain gaseous

title: Midstream

text: Midstream The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. The midstream sector involves the transportation (by pipeline, rail, barge, oil tanker or truck), storage, and wholesale marketing of crude or refined petroleum products. Pipelines and other transport systems can be used to move crude oil from production sites to refineries and deliver the various refined products to downstream distributors. Natural gas pipeline networks aggregate gas from natural gas purification plants and deliver it to downstream customers, such as local utilities. The midstream operations are often taken to include some elements of the

title: Natural gas

text: Many gas and oil companies are considering the economic and environmental benefits of floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG). There are currently projects underway to construct five FLNG facilities. Petronas is close to completion on their FLNG-1 at Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering and are underway on their FLNG-2 project at Samsung Heavy Industries. Shell Prelude is due to start production 2017. The Browse LNG project will commence FEED in 2019. Natural gas is primarily used in the northern hemisphere. North America and Europe are major consumers. Often well head gases require removal of various hydrocarbon molecules contained within the gas.

title: Petroleum industry in Canada

text: and natural gas liquids (NGL) as finished end-products. Midstream service providers in Canada refer to Barge companies, Railroad companies, Trucking and hauling companies, Pipeline transport companies, Logistics and technology companies, Transloading companies and Terminal developers and operators. Development of the massive oil sand reserves in Alberta would be facilitated by enhancing the North American pipeline network which would transport dilbit to refineries or export facilities. The downstream sector commonly refers to the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and

title: Hydrocarbon exploration

text: In Russia, companies report their reserves to the State Commission on Mineral Reserves (GKZ). Hydrocarbon exploration Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits beneath the Earth's surface, such as oil and natural gas. Oil and gas exploration are grouped under the science of petroleum geology. Visible surface features such as oil seeps, natural gas seeps, pockmarks (underwater craters caused by escaping gas) provide basic evidence of hydrocarbon generation (be it shallow or deep in the Earth). However, most exploration depends on highly sophisticated technology to detect and determine the

title: Natural gas in the United States

text: barrels per day in 2014. The US has been the world's leading producer of natural gas liquids since 2010, when US NGL production passed that of Saudi Arabia. Although the United States leads the world in natural gas production, it is only fifth in proved reserves of natural gas, behind Russia, Iran, Qatar, and Turkmenistan. The United States oil and gas industry is often informally divided into "upstream" (exploration and production), "midstream" (transportation and refining), and "downstream" (distribution and marketing). Petroleum and natural gas share a common upstream (exploration and production) sector, but the midstream and downstream sectors are largely

title: Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas

text: sea and in the desert. It is the reservoir engineer who plays the major role in this process of development and exploitation of oil and gas deposits. The Faculty of Reservoir Engineering prepares professionals in drilling, well completion and simulation, development and exploitation of on- and offshore oil, gas and gas condensate fields, research in physics and hydraulics. Students of the Faculty receive in-depth knowledge in geology, economics, engineering mechanics, oil field chemicals and computer systems. The Faculty offers a variety of Bachelor, Master and Ph.D. programs. Professor Bondarenko teaches the course on "Physics of oil and gas reservoir." He

title: Upstream (newspaper)

text: Means. The newspaper was founded in 1996 to compete with well-established rivals including "Oil & Gas Journal", "Petroleum Intelligence Weekly", and "Offshore Engineer". It covers all aspects of the upstream industry, but focuses especially on news related to business, policy and the sector's key players as well as the commercial side of the industry. Coverage includes exploration, field development, contracts, company news, technological developments and the liquefied natural gas sector, as well as political and financial news which affects the exploration and production sector. In 2001, Upstream added an online edition, upstreamonline.com, which is updated 24 hours a day, five

title: Andy Inglis

text: Alaska to serve as the manager for the Kuparuk field. He returned to London in 1996 as chief of staff for the upstream business. From 1997 until 1999, he was responsible for leading BP's activities in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. In January 1999, following the merger of BP and Amoco, he became vice president, US Western Gas business unit. In September 2000, he joined the upstream executive committee as a group vice president and became an executive vice president and Deputy Chief Executive of BP Exploration & Production in 2004. He was later appointed as an executive director of

title: Petroleum reservoir

text: many geopolitical conflicts. The term "oilfield" is also used as a shorthand to refer to the entire petroleum industry. However, it is more accurate to divide the oil industry into three sectors: upstream (crude production from wells and separation of water from oil), midstream (pipeline and tanker transport of crude) and downstream (refining and marketing of refined products). Natural gas originates by the same geological thermal cracking process that converts kerogen to petroleum. As a consequence, oil and natural gas are often found together. In common usage, deposits rich in oil are known as oil fields, and deposits rich in

title: Pertamina

text: (PEP) is engaged in managing the upstream oil and gas production through a more manageable exploration and exploitation activities. Adding to that, PEP has been undertaking other supporting businesses, which have been intended to back up the main business directly or indirectly. Presently, Pertamina EP production level for oil is around 127,635 throusand barrel oil per day (BOPD) and around 1,054 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) for gas. Pertamina EP Working Areas of 140.000 km2 were once largely PT Pertamina (Persero)’s Oil and Gas Mining Authority Zone. The working areas are managed through own operation and partnership co-operation.

title: OEID

text: geology, petro physics, reservoir engineering, drilling, production engineering, designing and executing process units, transfer and storage engineering formed as core skills at this company. Oil and Energy Industries Development company, is active in oil and gas industries in domestic and international projects including the mega ones, 16-Oil Field Development program, Yadavaran Oil Filed Development Program .<br> OEID is one of the Iranian contractors that works in wide range of upstream activities with the most similarities to exploration and production (E&P) Business. The company has been generally active in varieties of commitment types, such as: Management Contract (MC), Engineering, Procurement and

title: Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy

text: the field of petroleum engineering technology with emphasis on upstream activities that encompass exploration, reservoir and production. The programme intends to create technical professionals who are fit to take on engineering responsibilities across the entire value-chain in the Oil & Gas Industry a specialization that has seen growing demand in the recent years. The programme is designed to develop skills and understanding in the fundamental aspects of petroleum engineering and apply best global practices in the Oil & Gas sector fields of natural gas processing, gas transportation and gas utilization techniques. B.Tech (Chemical Engineering) The programme aims to develop competent

title: Upstream (petroleum industry)

text: nearly tripled over 2009 at $46 billion, in less than four years. This categorization comes from value chain concepts, even before formal development Value Chain Management. A company that has upstream as well as downstream operations. Examples include ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell and ChevronTexaco. A company that has either upstream or downstream operations, but not both. Examples include Anadarko, Sunoco, Phillips 66, ConocoPhillips, and Murphy. A company that provides products and/or services to the oil and gas industry. Usually a combination of labor, equipment, and/or other support services. Examples include Baker Hughes, a GE Company, Halliburton, and Schlumberger. A

title: Downstream (petroleum industry)

text: and are considered to be a part of the downstream sector. Crude oil is a mixture of many varieties of hydrocarbons and most usually have many sulfur-containing compounds. The oil refining process commonly includes hydrodesulfurization which converts most of that sulfur into gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Raw natural gas also may contain gaseous hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing mercaptans, which are removed in natural-gas processing plants before the gas is distributed to consumers. The hydrogen sulfide removed in the refining and processing of crude oil and natural gas is subsequently converted into byproduct elemental sulfur. In fact, the vast majority of the

title: Oil sands

text: and in Wyoming. Examples include Japan Canada Oil Sands Ltd's (JACOS) project, Suncor's Firebag project, Nexen's Long Lake project, Suncor's (formerly Petro-Canada's) MacKay River project, Husky Energy's Tucker Lake and Sunrise projects, Shell Canada's Peace River project, Cenovus Energy's Foster Creek and Christina Lake developments, ConocoPhillips' Surmont project, Devon Canada's Jackfish project, and Derek Oil & Gas's LAK Ranch project. Alberta's OSUM Corp has combined proven underground mining technology with SAGD to enable higher recovery rates by running wells underground from within the oil sands deposit, thus also reducing energy requirements compared to traditional SAGD. This particular technology application is

title: Downstream (petroleum industry)

text:
64,000,000 metric tons of sulfur produced worldwide in 2005 was byproduct sulfur from refineries and natural-gas processing plants. ISO 20815 defines "downstream" in its definition section as:
 3.1.8 downstream
 business process, most commonly in petroleum industry, associated with post-production activities. Downstream (petroleum industry) The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through

title: Petroleum industry

text: field service companies. Aside from the NOCs which dominate the Upstream sector, there are many international companies that have a market share. For example: Midstream operations are sometimes classified within the downstream sector, but these operations compose a separate and discrete sector of the petroleum industry. Midstream operations and processes include the following: While some upstream companies carry out certain midstream operations, the midstream sector is dominated by a number of companies that specialize in these services. Midstream companies include: Some petroleum industry operations have been responsible for water pollution through by-products of refining and oil spills. Though hydraulic fracturing

title: Upstream (petroleum industry)


question: what is the name for the ch3coo- ion

answers: polyatomic anion

title: CH3O

text: group is bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom in an alkoxide. CH3O The molecular formula CHO may refer to: The chemical name for CH3O is methoxide. It is a base formed from methanol by replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen with a metal. A strong base and a good nucleophile. Methoxide contains one atom of carbon, three atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. Methoxides are mainly organic salts and alkoxide. The organic salts are produced by a reaction between an organic acid (organic compound having acidic properties) and an inorganic base (a base that is composed of an

title: CH3O

text: CH3O The molecular formula CHO may refer to: The chemical name for CH3O is methoxide. It is a base formed from methanol by replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen with a metal. A strong base and a good nucleophile. Methoxide contains one atom of carbon, three atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. Methoxides are mainly organic salts and alkoxide. The organic salts are produced by a reaction between an organic acid (organic compound having acidic properties) and an inorganic base (a base that is composed of an inorganic compound). Alkoxide is the conjugate base of an alcohol. An organic

title: Chemical nomenclature

text: Therefore, the name of the compound is calcium hydroxide. If one is asked to write the formula for copper(I) chromate, the Roman numeral indicates that copper ion is Cu and one can identify that the compound contains the chromate ion (). Two of the 1+ copper ions are needed to balance the charge of one 2− chromate ion, so the formula is CuCrO. Type-III binary compounds are covalently bonded. Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetal elements. Covalently-bonded compounds are also known as "molecules". In the compound, the first element is named first and with its full elemental name. The second element

title: Chromium trioxide

text: Chromium trioxide Chromium trioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO. It is the acidic anhydride of chromic acid, and is sometimes marketed under the same name. This compound is a dark-purple solid under anhydrous conditions, bright orange when wet and which dissolves in water concomitant with hydrolysis. Millions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly for electroplating. Chromium trioxide is a powerful oxidiser and a suspected carcinogen. Chromium trioxide is generated by treating sodium chromate or the corresponding sodium dichromate with sulfuric acid: Approximately 100M kg are produced annually by this or similar routes. The solid consists of chains

title: Acetate

text: An acetate /ˈæsɪteɪt/ is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. "Acetate" also describes the conjugate base or ion (specifically, the negatively charged ion called an anion) typically found in aqueous solution and written with the chemical formula C2H3O2. The neutral molecules formed by the combination of the acetate ion and a positive ion (called a cation) are also commonly called "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminum, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) with corresponding salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion CH3CO2, or CH3COO.

title: Pyruvic acid

text: Pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid (CHCOCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate (), the conjugate base, CHCOCOO, is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation. Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known

title: Propionate

text: Propionate The propionate, or propanoate ion, is CHCOO (the conjugate base of propionic acid). A propionic, or propanoic, compound is a small salt or ester of propionic acid. In these compounds, propionate is often written in shorthand, as CHCHCO or simply EtCO. Propionates should not be confused with propenoates (commonly known as acrylates), the ions/salts/esters of propenoic acid (also known as 2-propenoic acid or acrylic acid). Propionate is observed to be among the most common short-chain fatty acids produced by human gut microbiota in response to indigestible carbohydrates (fiber) in the diet. A study in mice suggests that propionate is

title: Propionate

text: produced by the bacteria of the genus Bacteroides in the gut, and that it offers some protection against Salmonella there. Propionate The propionate, or propanoate ion, is CHCOO (the conjugate base of propionic acid). A propionic, or propanoic, compound is a small salt or ester of propionic acid. In these compounds, propionate is often written in shorthand, as CHCHCO or simply EtCO. Propionates should not be confused with propenoates (commonly known as acrylates), the ions/salts/esters of propenoic acid (also known as 2-propenoic acid or acrylic acid). Propionate is observed to be among the most common short-chain fatty acids produced by

title: Chlorethoxyfos

text: CYP2C19. The first three cytochromes catalyze the oxidative desulphuration, while CYP2C19 is important for the oxidative cleavage of the leaving group and detoxification. When radioactively labelled chlorethoxyfos was orally administered to mice and rats, it was rapidly eliminated. Seven days after exposure, most of the radioactive dose was recovered in the urine and in the faeces. Chlorethoxyfos can be synthesized from chloral and phosphorus pentachloride. Phosphorus chloride is added to the chloral via an addition reaction. The double bond of chloral (with which the oxygen is bound) becomes a single bond. Because of the now arising negative point charge on

title: Wright etch

text: (which in this case contains the CrO dichromate ion, since the pH is low - see the phase diagram in Chromic acid) and Cu (NO). The dichromate ion, a strong oxidizing agent, is considered to be the principal oxidizing agent. The ratio of HNO to CrO solution stated in the formula produces a superior etched surface. Other ratios produce less desirable finishes. With the addition of a small amount of Cu (NO), the definition of the defect was enhanced. Therefore, it is believed that the Cu (NO) affects the localized differential oxidation rate at the defect site. The addition of

title: Debye–Hückel equation

text: coefficient, formula_166 is the integer charge of the ion (1 for H, 2 for Mg etc.), formula_167 is the ionic strength of the aqueous solution, and formula_168 is the size or effective diameter of the ion in angstrom. The effective hydrated radius of the ion, a is the radius of the ion and its closely bound water molecules. Large ions and less highly charged ions bind water less tightly and have smaller hydrated radii than smaller, more highly charged ions. Typical values are 3Å for ions such as H,Cl,CN, and HCOO. The effective diameter for the hydronium ion is 9Å.

title: Chromic acid

text: Chromic acid The term chromic acid is usually used for a mixture made by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a dichromate, which may contain a variety of compounds, including solid chromium trioxide. This kind of chromic acid may be used as a cleaning mixture for glass. Chromic acid may also refer to the molecular species, HCrO of which the trioxide is the anhydride. Chromic acid features chromium in an oxidation state of +6 (or VI). It is a strong and corrosive oxidising agent. Molecular chromic acid, HCrO, has much in common with sulfuric acid, HSO. Both are classified as strong

title: Chromium(III) phosphate

text: group. These linkages give the structure its anti-ferromagnetic characteristic (Ɵ = -35.1 K, µeff = 3.50µB) which results in the anti-parallel magnetic spins in the plane that is perpendicular to the chains of the octahedral CrO. At a high temperature and pH ranging from 283-383K and pH 4-7 respectively, equilibrated KOH/HCl solution, insoluble CrPO solid and aqueous cation solution yield a sorption reaction. Studies reveal that CrPO catalyzes the adsorption of divalent cations onto its amorphous surface through the cation exchange mechanism. The mechanism suggests that the H+ ions are liberated from the solid to aqueous phase as the cations

title: Predominance diagram

text: of the hydrogen ion concentration. There are two independent equilibria, with equilibrium constants defined as follows. A third equilibrium constant can be derived from "K" and "K". The species HCrO and are only formed at very low pH so they do not appear on this diagram. Published values for log "K" and log "K" are 5.89 and 2.05, respectively. Using these values and the equality conditions, the concentrations of the three species, chromate , hydrogen chromate and dichromate can be calculated, for various values of pH, by means of the equilibrium expressions. The chromium concentration is calculated as the sum

title: Nitrosonium

text: Nitrosonium The nitrosonium ion is NO, in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom with a bond order of 3, and the overall diatomic species bears a positive charge. This ion is usually obtained as the following salts: NOClO, NOSOH (nitrosylsulfuric acid, more descriptively written ONSOOH), and NOBF. The ClO and BF salts are slightly soluble in CHCN. NOBF can be purified by sublimation at 200–250 °C and . NO is isoelectronic with CO, CN and N. It arises via protonation of nitrous acid: NO reacts readily with water to form nitrous acid: For this reason, nitrosonium

title: Hydronium

text: exists as an ion. The positive charge is thus delocalized over 6 water molecules. For many strong acids, it is possible to form crystals of their hydronium salt that are relatively stable. These salts are sometimes called "acid monohydrates". As a rule, any acid with an ionization constant of or higher may do this. Acids whose ionization constant is below generally cannot form stable salts. For example, hydrochloric acid has an ionization constant of , and mixtures with water at all proportions are liquid at room temperature. However, perchloric acid has an ionization constant of , and if liquid anhydrous

title: Chlorine

text: (HOClO). As can be seen from the redox potentials given in the adjacent table, chlorine is much more stable towards disproportionation in acidic solutions than in alkaline solutions: The hypochlorite ions also disproportionate further to produce chloride and chlorate (3 ClO 2 Cl + ) but this reaction is quite slow at temperatures below 70 °C in spite of the very favourable equilibrium constant of 10. The chlorate ions may themselves disproportionate to form chloride and perchlorate (4 Cl + 3 ) but this is still very slow even at 100 °C despite the very favourable equilibrium constant of 10.

title: Chromium(III) acetate

text: Chromium(III) acetate Chromium(III) acetate, commonly known as basic chromium acetate, describes a family of salts where the cation has the formula [CrO(OCCH)(OH)]. The trichromium cation is encountered with a variety of anions, such as chloride and nitrate. Data in the table above are for the chloride hexahydrate, [CrO(OCCH)(OH)]Cl(HO). Salts of basic chromium acetate has long attracted interest because of its distinctive structure, which features octahedral Cr(III) centers, a triply bridging oxo ligand, six acetate ligands, and three aquo ligands. The same structure is shared with basic iron acetate and basic manganese acetate. Little evidence exists for a simple chromium(III) acetate,

title: Hydrogen ion

text: the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. A hydrogen atom is made up of a nucleus with charge +1, and a single electron. Therefore, the only positively charged ion possible has charge +1. It is noted H. Depending on the isotope in question, the hydrogen cation has different names: In addition, the ions produced by the reaction of these cations with water as well as their hydrates are called hydrogen ions: Zundel cations and Eigen cations play an important role in proton diffusion according to the Grotthuss mechanism. In

title: Hydroxide

text: Chromic acid HCrO, has similarities with sulfuric acid HSO; for example, both form acid salts A[HMO]. Some metals, e.g. V, Cr, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, tend to exist in high oxidation states. Rather than forming hydroxides in aqueous solution, they convert to oxo clusters by the process of olation, forming polyoxometalates. In some cases the products of partial hydrolysis of metal ion, described above, can be found in crystalline compounds. A striking example is found with zirconium(IV). Because of the high oxidation state, salts of Zr are extensively hydrolyzed in water even at low pH. The compound originally formulated as

title: Chloride

text: +1, +3, +5, or +7. Several neutral chlorine oxides are also known. Chloride The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often very soluble in water. It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating fluid in and out of cells. Less frequently, the word "chloride" may also form part of the

title: Carbon trioxide

text: Carbon trioxide Carbon trioxide (CO) is an unstable oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon). Three possible isomers of carbon trioxide, with molecular symmetry point groups "C", "D", and "C", have been most studied by theoretical methods, and the "C" state has been shown to be the ground state of the molecule. Carbon trioxide should not be confused with the stable carbonate ion (CO). Carbon trioxide can be produced, for example, in the drift zone of a negative corona discharge by reactions between carbon dioxide (CO) and the atomic oxygen (O) created from molecular oxygen by free electrons in the plasma. Another

title: ASIC3

text: ASIC3 Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) also known as amiloride-sensitive cation channel 3 (ACCN3) or testis sodium channel 1 (TNaC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ASIC3 gene. The ASIC3 gene is one of the five paralogous genes that encode proteins that form trimeric acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in mammals. The cDNA of this gene was first cloned in 1998. The ASIC genes have splicing variants that encode different proteins that are called isoforms. These genes are mainly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system. ASICs can form both homotrimeric (meaning composed of three identical

title: Chromic acid

text: that it can be ignored at pH > 4. Loss of the second proton occurs in the pH range 4–8, making the ion [HCrO] a weak acid. Molecular chromic acid could in principle be made by adding chromium trioxide to water ("cf." manufacture of sulfuric acid). but in practice the reverse reaction occurs when molecular chromic acid is dehydrated. This is what happens when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to a dichromate solution. At first the colour changes from orange (dichromate) to red (chromic acid) and then deep red crystals of chromium trioxide precipitate from the mixture, without further colour

title: Chromium(IV) oxide

text: 1956 by Norman L. Cox, a chemist at E.I. DuPont, by decomposing chromium trioxide in the presence of water at a temperature of 800 K and a pressure of 200 MPa. The balanced equation for the hydrothermal synthesis is: The magnetic crystal that forms is a long, slender glass-like rod — perfect as a magnetic pigment for recording tape. When commercialized in the late 1960s as a recording medium, DuPont assigned it the tradename of "Magtrieve". CrO adopts the rutile structure (as do many metal dioxides). As such each Cr(IV) center has octahedral coordination geometry and each oxide is trigonal

title: Phosphoric acids and phosphates

text: be lost from the molecule as H ions (alternatively referred to as protons). When all three H ions are lost from orthophosphoric acid, an orthophosphate ion (PO) is formed. Orthophosphate is the simplest in a series of phosphates, and is usually just called phosphate by both non-technical people and many chemists alike; see a separate article on phosphate for details. Because orthophosphoric acid can undergo as many as three dissociations or ionizations (losses of H ions), it has three acid dissociation constants called K, K, and K. Another way to provide acid dissociation constant data is to list pK, pK,

title: Chromic acid

text: change. The colours are due to LMCT transitions. Chromium trioxide is the anhydride of molecular chromic acid. It is a Lewis acid and can react with a Lewis base, such as pyridine in a non-aqueous medium such as dichloromethane (Collins reagent). Dichromic acid, HCrO, (structure illustrated top right) is the fully protonated form of the dichromate ion and also can be seen as the product of adding chromium trioxide to molecular chromic acid. It is probably present in chromic acid cleaning mixtures along with the mixed chromosulfuric acid HCrSO. Chromic acid is an intermediate in chromium plating, and is also

title: Ion association

text: anion is also present. An "ion triplet" may be formed from one cation and two anions or from one anion and two cations. Higher aggregates, such as a tetramer (AB), may be formed. Ternary ion associates involve the association of three species. Another type, named "intrusion ion pair", has also been characterized. Ions of opposite charge are naturally attracted to each other by the electrostatic force. This is described by Coulomb's law: where "F" is the force of attraction, "q" and "q" are the magnitudes of the electrical charges, ε is the dielectric constant of the medium and "r" is

title: Chromium(III) acetate

text: i.e. lacking the oxo ligand. Chromium(III) acetate is a blue/grey-green powder, which is soluble in water. It is still prepared according to the original procedure from 1909. Chromium(III) acetate Chromium(III) acetate, commonly known as basic chromium acetate, describes a family of salts where the cation has the formula [CrO(OCCH)(OH)]. The trichromium cation is encountered with a variety of anions, such as chloride and nitrate. Data in the table above are for the chloride hexahydrate, [CrO(OCCH)(OH)]Cl(HO). Salts of basic chromium acetate has long attracted interest because of its distinctive structure, which features octahedral Cr(III) centers, a triply bridging oxo ligand, six

title: Acetic acid

text: can separate from the molecule by ionization: Because of this release of the proton (H), acetic acid has acidic character. Acetic acid is a weak monoprotic acid. In aqueous solution, it has a pK value of 4.76. Its conjugate base is acetate (CHCOO). A 1.0 M solution (about the concentration of domestic vinegar) has a pH of 2.4, indicating that merely 0.4% of the acetic acid molecules are dissociated. However, in very dilute (< 10 M) solution acetic acid is >90% dissociated. In solid acetic acid, the molecules form chains, individual molecules being interconnected by hydrogen bonds. In the vapour

title: Acetate


question: what is the written dialogue portion of a musical called

answers: script

answers: libretto

title: Musical theatre

text: musically related. Spoken dialogue is generally interspersed between musical numbers, although "sung dialogue" or recitative may be used, especially in so-called "sung-through" musicals such as "Jesus Christ Superstar", "Les Misérables", "Evita" and "Hamilton". Several shorter musicals on Broadway and in the West End have been presented in one act in recent decades. Moments of greatest dramatic intensity in a book musical are often performed in song. Proverbially, "when the emotion becomes too strong for speech, you sing; when it becomes too strong for song, you dance." In a book musical, a song is ideally crafted to suit the character (or

title: Musical theatre

text: a five-minute block of dialogue. Therefore, there is less time to develop drama in a musical than in a straight play of equivalent length, since a musical usually devotes more time to music than to dialogue. Within the compressed nature of a musical, the writers must develop the characters and the plot. The material presented in a musical may be original, or it may be adapted from novels ("Wicked" and "Man of La Mancha"), plays ("Hello, Dolly!"), classic legends ("Camelot"), historical events ("Evita") or films ("The Producers" and "Billy Elliot"). On the other hand, many successful musical theatre works have

title: Dialogue ONE

text: Dialogue ONE Dialogue ONE is an international theatre festival of one-person theatre. Its founder and artistic director is Omar Sangare, actor and professor at Williams College. The festival's primary aim is to establish a platform for Williams College students and professional artists to share their solo theatrical work. The festival was founded in 2007. It takes place annually, usually in late November or early December at the ’62 Center for Theatre and Dance in Williamstown, Massachusetts. There are 3 categories of awards: for the Best Guest Performer, the Best Student Performer and for Outstanding Contribution to Theatre. The performers explore

title: Musical theatre

text: Musical theatre Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements. Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals. Although music has

title: Rent (musical)

text: Lynn Thomson was a dramaturg who was hired by New York Theatre Workshop to help rework Rent. She claimed that between early May and the end of October 1995, she and Larson co-wrote a "new version" of the musical. She sued the Larson estate for $40 million USD and sought 16% of the show's royalties, claiming she had written a significant portion of the lyrics and the libretto of the "new version" of Rent.

title: Musical theatre

text: been adapted for musical films, such as "West Side Story", "My Fair Lady", "The Sound of Music", "Oliver!" and "Chicago". Musical theatre is closely related to the theatrical form of opera, but the two are usually distinguished by weighing a number of factors. First, musicals generally have a greater focus on spoken dialogue. This is not a hard and fast rule; some musicals are entirely accompanied and sung through, while some operas, such as "Die Zauberflöte", and most operettas, have some unaccompanied dialogue. Second, musicals also usually include more dancing as an essential part of the storytelling, particularly by the

title: Musical theatre

text: in two acts, with one short intermission, and the first act is frequently longer than the second. The first act generally introduces nearly all of the characters and most of the music and often ends with the introduction of a dramatic conflict or plot complication while the second act may introduce a few new songs but usually contains reprises of important musical themes and resolves the conflict or complication. A book musical is usually built around four to six main theme tunes that are reprised later in the show, although it sometimes consists of a series of songs not directly

title: High School Musical Jr

text: High School Musical Jr High School Musical Jr is a one-act theatre musical adapted from the Disney film "High School Musical" which is a Disney Channel film that has a completely original idea. The production runs between 60 and 80 minutes and includes four female parts, three male parts, six boy or girl parts, and a chorus. ‘’High School Musical" is a part of the High School Musical. Broadway by Music Theatre International (MTI). MTI's Broadway Jr. series adapts full length musicals into approximately 70-minute productions that are more manageable for middle school aged performers. ‘’High School Musical" rights come

title: Guys and Dolls

text: highly formal language and slang. Frank Loesser, who had spent most of his career as a lyricist for movie musicals, was hired as composer and lyricist. George S. Kaufman was hired as director. When the first version of the show's book, or dialogue, written by Jo Swerling was deemed unusable, Feuer and Martin asked radio comedy writer Abe Burrows to rewrite it. Loesser had already written much of the score to correspond with the first version of the book. Burrows later recalled: Frank Loesser's fourteen songs were all great, and the [new book] had to be written so that the

title: Screenplay

text: point, 10 pitch Courier Typeface. The major components are action (sometimes called "screen direction") and dialogue. The action is written in the present tense and is limited to what can be heard or seen by the audience, for example descriptions of settings, character movements, or sound effects. The dialogue is the words the characters speak, and is written in a center column. Unique to the screenplay (as opposed to a stage play) is the use of slug lines. A "slug line", also called a "master scene heading", occurs at the start of every scene and typically contains three pieces of

title: Development of musical theatre

text: a total of 2,212 performances, and was made into a hit film. Development of musical theatre Development of musical theatre refers to the historical development of theatrical performance combined with music that culminated in the integrated form of modern musical theatre that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. Although music has been a part of dramatic presentations since ancient times, modern Western musical theatre developed from several lines of antecedents that evolved over several centuries through the 18th century when the Ballad Opera and pantomime emerged in England and its colonies as the most popular forms of musical entertainment.

title: Applied Drama

text: "Theatre for Dialogue" (TFD) is a more recent term describing a model that was created specifically for the University of Texas at Austin campus community which pulls methods and theory from a variety of applied theatre practices such as TO and TIE. In her thesis, Spring Snyder explains that "Theatre For Dialogue performances explore the intersection between theatre and education as a way to investigate, reflect, provoke dialogue and serve as a rehearsal for reality without asking participants to share their own personal experiences. Although some of the Theatre For Dialogue’s roots originate from an adapted form of Boal’s Theatre

title: Are You with It? (musical)

text: York as ensemble. Act I Act II Are You with It? (musical) Are You With It? is an American musical with music by Harry Revel and lyrics by Arnold B. Horwitt. The musical book by Sam Perrin and George Balzer is based on the novel "Slightly Perfect" by George Malcolm-Smith. The production opened on Broadway at the New Century Theatre where it ran from November 10, 1945 through April 27, 1946. The show then moved to the Shubert Theatre where it played from April 30, 1946 through June 29, 1946, closing after a total of 264 performances. The show was

title: Dialogue (Part I & II)

text: Dialogue (Part I & II) "Dialogue" is a song written by Robert Lamm for the group Chicago and recorded for their album "Chicago V" (1972). On the album the song is over 7 minutes long and is divided into two tracks. An edited version of the song was released as a single in October 1972, eventually reaching #24 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100. In Part I, the song's lyrics are a dialogue between two young people with different views. The first person (whose lines are sung by Terry Kath) is very concerned about events of the early 1970s, such

title: Bookwriter

text: "through-composed" musicals, where there is little, if any, spoken text, require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes. The bookwriter is often also the musical's lyricist, composer, or director. Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical's writing team who creates the book—the musical's plot, character development, and dramatic structure. Essentially, the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical. He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama. There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue; though the

title: Der Schauspieldirektor

text: at the Stadt Theatre in New York on 9 November 1870. In modern times, the text is usually completely rewritten for contemporary relevance, which was the case for the 2014 production given by the Santa Fe Opera. There it had "English dialogue by the British dramatist Ranjit Bolt and additional Mozart concert arias folded into the score" with the action taking place in Paris in the 1920s. The cast included Anthony Michaels-Moore, Brenda Ray, Meredith Arwady, and Erin Morley. Frank, the impresario (along with the buffo singer, Buff, who assists him) audition two actresses to be part of his new

title: Amas Musical Theatre

text: development program for writers, lyricists, and composers to mount staged readings of new musicals. Each work generally receives three or four performances. This is a program which lets composers, lyricists, and librettists work on a more polished and complete version of a new work. The productions generally entail a two to three-week rehearsal period with a series of performances. This is a program which gives select musicals a fully produced off-Broadway run for four to six weeks with attendance by critics. The productions generally run under an Equity Letter of Agreement contract. This is a performance and training program which

title: Are You with It? (musical)

text: Are You with It? (musical) Are You With It? is an American musical with music by Harry Revel and lyrics by Arnold B. Horwitt. The musical book by Sam Perrin and George Balzer is based on the novel "Slightly Perfect" by George Malcolm-Smith. The production opened on Broadway at the New Century Theatre where it ran from November 10, 1945 through April 27, 1946. The show then moved to the Shubert Theatre where it played from April 30, 1946 through June 29, 1946, closing after a total of 264 performances. The show was directed by Edward Reveaux, musically staged by

title: My Musical

text: My Musical "My Musical" is a musical episode of the American comedy-drama television series "Scrubs". It is the 123rd episode of the show, and was originally aired as episode 6 of season 6 on January 18, 2007. The episode follows the story of Patti Miller, (Stephanie D'Abruzzo), a patient who mysteriously starts hearing everyone's speech as singing. It was written by Debra Fordham, who also wrote most of the lyrics. The episode's music was composed by Fordham, "Scrubs" resident composer Jan Stevens, The Worthless Peons' Paul Perry, Tony Award-winning Broadway orchestrator Doug Besterman, and the "Avenue Q" writing team of

title: Dialogue ONE

text: inspire an artistic dialog among students, professionals, and audiences. From his point of view, the festival is an occasion to share diverse perspectives that span cultural, perceptional, linguistic, professional or personal similarities and differences between people. Dialogue ONE Dialogue ONE is an international theatre festival of one-person theatre. Its founder and artistic director is Omar Sangare, actor and professor at Williams College. The festival's primary aim is to establish a platform for Williams College students and professional artists to share their solo theatrical work. The festival was founded in 2007. It takes place annually, usually in late November or early

title: Orchestration

text: (George Gershwin, Rodgers and Hammerstein) was one of America's most prolific orchestrators (particularly of Broadway shows) of the 20th century, sometimes scoring over 80 pages a day. Most films require 30 to 120 minutes of musical score. Each individual piece of music in a film is called a "cue". There are roughly 20-80 cues per film. A dramatic film may require slow and sparse music while an action film may require 80 cues of highly active music. Each cue can range in length from five seconds to more than ten minutes as needed per scene in the film. After the

title: Melodrama

text: ("Addio, del passato"): this is opera again. In a similar manner, Victorians often added "incidental music" under the dialogue to a pre-existing play, although this style of composition was already practiced in the days of Ludwig van Beethoven ("Egmont") and Franz Schubert ("Rosamunde"). (This type of often-lavish production is now mostly limited to film (see film score) due to the cost of hiring an orchestra. Modern recording technology is producing a certain revival of the practice in theatre, but not on the former scale.) A particularly complete version of this form, Sullivan's incidental music to Tennyson's "The Foresters", is available

title: Hair (musical)

text: Thirteen songs were added between the production at the Public Theater and Broadway, including "I Believe in Love". "The Climax" and "Dead End" were cut between the productions, and "Exanaplanetooch" and "You Are Standing on My Bed" were present in previews but cut before Broadway. The Shakespearean speech "What a piece of work is a man" was originally spoken by Claude and musicalized by MacDermot for Broadway, and "Hashish" was formed from an early speech of Berger's. Subsequent productions have included "Hello There", "Dead End", and "Hippie Life" – a song originally written for the film that Rado included in

title: The Musical of Musicals (The Musical!)

text: The Musical of Musicals (The Musical!) The Musical of Musicals (The Musical!) is a musical by Joanne Bogart and Eric Rockwell. It is structured into five acts, each of which is a short musical parodying (and paying homage to) the style of an American or British musical theatre composer or composer/lyricist team, all dealing with roughly the same classic melodrama plot: "I can't pay the rent!" The musical premiered off-Broadway in 2003 at the York Theatre. It again played off-Broadway in 2005 at the Dodger Stages V with the same cast. It also had a production on London's West End,

title: Through-composed

text: beginning to end, as in the operas of Monteverdi and Wagner, as opposed to having a collection of songs interrupted by recitative pieces or spoken dialogue, as occurs in Mozart's Italian- and German-language operas, respectively. Examples of the modern trend towards through-composed works in musical theater include the works of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Claude-Michel Schönberg. In musical theater, works with no spoken dialogue, such as "Les Misérables" are usually referred to by the term "through-sung". Through-composed In music theory about musical form, through-composed music is relatively continuous, non-sectional, or non-repetitive music. A song is said to be through-composed if

title: Words and Music (musical)

text: later said of the show, ""Words and Music" was almost a very good revue, but it wasn't quite. I've never quite made up my mind why. It could possibly have been my fault. But it wasn't entirely. It had no great big star in it, though there was a wonderful cast." The show was revised and opened on Broadway in 1939 with the title "Set to Music". In 2013 Lost Musicals presented the show in concert at the intimate Lilian Baylis Studio of Sadler's Wells Theatre in London. Ian Marshall Fisher directed the production, which was Lost Musicals' first and

title: Ruth Asawa San Francisco School of the Arts

text: a short film, or a storyboard. The Theatre, Dance, Instrumental Music, Piano, World Music and Dance, Spoken Word and Vocal Music departments require live performances by prospective students as part of their auditions. Creative Writing requires students to write responses to a set of prompts while on the SOTA campus on audition day and there is a brief, one on one interview with the department head. Prospective students are encouraged to attend school shows and events, They are welcome to take one of the three school tours in the fall which include admissions info sessions. It is suggested that they

title: What's Up? (musical)

text: What's Up? (musical) What's Up? is a musical derived from a book by Alan Jay Lerner and Arthur Pierson, lyrics by Lerner, and music by Frederick Loewe. This was the first Broadway stage collaboration of Lerner and Loewe. After meeting, the team of Lerner and Loewe started writing musicals, resulting in "The Life of the Party" (1942) and their first Broadway production, "What's Up?". The musical opened on Broadway at the National Theatre on November 11, 1943 and closed on January 4, 1944, after 63 performances. Directed and choreographed by George Balanchine, with the book directed by Robert H. Gordon,

title: What's Up? (musical)

text: evenings most delightful moments with the forlorn little comedian pursuing an Amazonian ballerina...yet the best dancing of the evening came...in Don Weissmuller's show-stopping tap routines...the book revealed that Lerner had a lot to learn about writing librettos." The musical was "a negligible wartime musical about aviators quarantined in a boarding school for girls with the expected results." Theatre historian Stanley Green commented: "Even with Jimmy Savo in the cast and George Balanchine as director, it was not an auspicious debut." What's Up? (musical) What's Up? is a musical derived from a book by Alan Jay Lerner and Arthur Pierson, lyrics

title: Conversation Piece (musical)

text: to leave the cast to fulfil a film commitment in France, and no suitable replacement could be found. Later that year, the Broadway run, despite starring Printemps, managed only 55 performances. With the onset of the Depression, times had changed since the success of "Bitter Sweet", and "Conversation Piece" was unable to find an audience. In New York, Fresnay played Paul, Irene Browne was Lady Julia, and Carl Harbord was Edward. The London cast released a cast album in 1934. Beginning in the late 1940s, Columbia Records recorded a series of musicals produced by Goddard Lieberson and musical director Lehman

title: Rent (musical)