question: when was the last time that the eagles were at the super bowl

answers: 2017

answers: 2017 season

title: Super Bowl XXXIX

text: played it safe by running the ball 3 times and forcing Philadelphia to use all of its timeouts. New England punter Josh Miller then pinned the Eagles back at their own 4-yard line with just 46 seconds left in the game. Philadelphia then tried one last desperate drive to win or tie the game. But on first down, McNabb was pressured into making a rushed pass to Westbrook at the line of scrimmage. Instead of dropping the pass to stop the clock, Westbrook made the mistake of catching the ball and was immediately tackled for no gain, keeping the clock

title: Super Bowl LII

text: the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl appearance, having previously lost to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV and to the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX. Several records were set during Super Bowl LII, including most yards gained in an NFL game by both teams combined (1,151), the fewest punts from both teams in a Super Bowl (one), and the most points scored by a Super Bowl losing team (33). The game was settled after the Eagles converted a fumble recovery deep within Patriots territory to a field goal with 1:05 remaining to extend their lead to eight

title: Super Bowl XXXIX

text: time in January, the Eagles were also trying to end a losing streak—teams in the city of Philadelphia had lost six straight championships during presidential inauguration years, beginning with the 76ers loss in . The streak included the Eagles in Super Bowl XV in 1981. 1989 was not included in that streak, but 1977, 1981, 1985 (Flyers), 1993 (Phillies), 1997 (Flyers), and 2001 (76ers) were. The game was televised in the United States by Fox, with play-by-play announcer Joe Buck and color commentators Cris Collinsworth and Troy Aikman. Pam Oliver (Patriots sideline) and Chris Myers (Eagles sideline) served as sideline

title: Veterans Stadium

text: led the NFL to rule that seating areas must be cleared of snow within a certain time period before kickoff. The Eagles fans' behavior during a "Monday Night Football" loss to the San Francisco 49ers in 1997 and a 34-0 loss to Dallas a year later was such that the City of Philadelphia assigned a Municipal Court Judge, Seamus McCaffery, to the stadium on game days to deal with fans removed from the stands in what was referred to as "Eagles Court". Judge McCaffery would hold court in the stadium until the stadium's closure in 2003; the Eagles' replacement stadium,

title: 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season

title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles

text: return to the Super Bowl, it appeared the Eagles would have to retool in the 2006 off-season to make another run for the Vince Lombardi Trophy. In 2006, the Eagles started off hot, beating the Houston Texans in Houston 24-10. And they kept the streak going, jumping to a 24-7 lead against the Giants before losing 30-24 in overtime. They won their next two games easily, beating the 49ers in San Francisco and then returning home to limit Brett Favre's Packers to three field goals. The Birds' 3-1 record set the stage for Terrell Owens' return to Philadelphia. Owens return

title: Philadelphia Eagles

text: city. The last home game which was blacked out on television in the Philadelphia market as a result of not being sold out was against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday, September 12, 1999, which was Andy Reid's first home game as new head coach of the Eagles. The studies note that—win or lose—Eagles fans can be counted on to pack their stadium. As of August 2008, the team had sold out 71 consecutive games, and 70,000 were on the team's waiting list for season tickets. Despite finishing with a 6–10 record in the 2005 season, the Eagles ranked second in

title: 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: learned that Lewis broke his ankle on the second touchdown catch, and he would be left off the Super Bowl roster. Meanwhile, the defense held Vick to 136 passing yards and 26 rushing yards, and kept Atlanta off the scoreboard in the second half. In their first Super Bowl appearance since Super Bowl XV, the Eagles met the New England Patriots on February 6, 2005 at ALLTEL Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The Patriots, led by Tom Brady had won two of the past three Super Bowls and a win against the Eagles would likely lead to "dynasty status". They had

title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles

text: the NFL with a 13-3 record which gave them their first NFC East Championship since 2013, and gave them a first round bye for the first time since the 2004 season which was the last time they last went to the Super Bowl. Carson Wentz improved drastically during the season in which he threw for 33 touchdowns and only 7 interceptions. His potential MVP season came to an end though during Week 14 against the Los Angeles Rams where he tore his ACL, and would be out for the rest of the year. Nick Foles who returned to the Eagles

title: 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: rehab his ankle, guaranteeing that if the Eagles made it to the Super Bowl, he would be ready to play in it. The Eagles, not trying to win their last two games, finished with a franchise best 13–3 record. weather= 32 °F (Sunny) With expectations high, the Eagles' playoff run began with the Minnesota Vikings coming to town. Minnesota had backed into the playoffs with an 8–8 record and losses in four of their final five regular season games, but they had upset the Green Bay Packers in the Wild Card round. On the Eagles' second possession, Brian Westbrook, who

title: Merrill Reese

text: (1982–83, and who also filled in when Quick had knee surgery during the 2004 preseason), and Stan Walters (1984–97). In addition to his play-by-play radio coverage of the Eagles, Reese hosts The WIP Coach's Show the day after Eagles games with the Eagles head coach, Eagles players and other guests. On Sunday, February 4, 2018, Reese called Super Bowl LII, as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 for their first Super Bowl title. With 38 seconds remaining in the 2nd quarter, he called the Eagles' 4th and Goal play which would later be known as the "Philly Special"

title: Philadelphia Eagles

text: Eagles advanced to Super Bowl XXXIX, where they dueled the New England Patriots. Although McNabb threw 3 touchdown passes and 357 yards in the game, and the score was tied 14–14 going into the fourth quarter, the Patriots outscored the Eagles and scored ten straight points. McNabb completed a 30-yard touchdown pass, and the Eagles defense held the Patriots to a 3 and out, but a crucial interception with 46 seconds left on the clock secured their fate. The Patriots won 24–21. The team took a step back in 2005 with a 6–10 record. McNabb had played with a sports

title: Super Bowl LII

text: Eagles with a 38–33 lead. On the Patriots' next drive, Eagles defensive end Brandon Graham stripped the ball from Brady on the drive's second play for the only sack of the game for either team. Defensive end Derek Barnett of the Eagles recovered the ball, allowing the Eagles to run the clock down to 1:05 and forcing New England to use up all their remaining timeouts. Elliott then kicked a 46-yard field goal, putting Philadelphia ahead by eight points, with the score at 41–33, and New England needing a touchdown and a two-point conversion to tie the game and send

title: 2002 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: 2002 NFC Championship Game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, who eventually won Super Bowl XXXVII. The Eagles defeated the Buccaneers in two prior consecutive seasons in the NFL playoffs in easy fashion. Many experts thought that the Conference Championship game would not be any different. The game was the final football game played at Veterans Stadium. The Eagles' season of high expectations began with a loss to the Tennessee Titans after the team blew a 24–10 halftime lead. The Titans scored on their first possession on 14-yard reception by Eddie George. Philadelphia took advantage of a muffed punt to extend

title: Herm Edwards

text: with the team in Super Bowl XV. His 33 career interceptions is one short of the franchise record. He never missed a game in his nine seasons with the Eagles, remaining active with the team for 135 consecutive regular season games until being cut by then-incoming head coach Buddy Ryan in 1986. Edwards went on to play briefly for the Los Angeles Rams and Atlanta Falcons in 1986 before announcing his retirement. The highlight of Edwards' playing career occurred in the twelfth game of the 1978 season, in the final seconds of a game against the New York Giants at

title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles

text: after having short stints with the Rams (then St. Louis Rams) and Chiefs (where Andy Reid was coaching) would take over. His shaky performances during the end of the regular season made the team become underdogs during the playoffs despite being the number one seed. The Eagles would beat the Atlanta Falcons 15-10 in the Divisional Round which was their first playoff win since the 2008 season, to face the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Championship. The game would end up being a surprising blowout with the Eagles dominating the Vikings 38-7 to go to the Super Bowl for the

title: Super Bowl XXXIX

text: in the 4th quarter. The Eagles responded with a long McNabb completion to Owens. However, after reaching the New England 36-yard line, McNabb fired a pass over the head of Dorsey Levens, where Tedy Bruschi was waiting to intercept it at the Patriots 24-yard line. At this point, there was only 7:20 to play in the game, with the Patriots still up by 10 points. The Eagles did force New England to punt, and got the ball back at their own 21-yard line, but with 5:40 left in the game. The Eagles then drove 79 yards in 13 plays, however

title: Veterans Stadium

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the NFC Championship Game on January 19, 2003. The Eagles moved into Lincoln Financial Field in August 2003. The final game ever played at the stadium was the afternoon of September 28, 2003, a 5-2 Phillies loss to the Atlanta Braves. The final hit was recorded by Greg Maddux of the Braves, the final loss by the Phils' Kevin Millwood. The final Phillies run was scored by Marlon Byrd at the top of the 3rd inning, and the final run altogether by the Braves' Andruw Jones on a double by Robert Fick (who also had the

title: 1988 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: game, 27–21, on a late TD strike from Ken O'Brien to Al Toon, giving the Eagles the NFC East crown on the tiebreaker of having beaten the Giants in both regular-season meetings. The Eagles played the Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Tampa Stadium where temperatures reached 90-degrees. On the Eagles’ fourth play of the game, Bucs linebacker Kevin Murphy chased Cunningham out of the pocket, and he rolled to his left and floated a 37-yard TD to Mike Quick. The first quarter ended with the Eagles up 21 to 0 after Anthony Toney ran for a TD and Cunningham threw an

title: 2010 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: could have had Lincoln Financial Field ready in time for kickoff, and the postponement decision was made by the league and the Eagles. This was the 20th NFL game to be played on a Tuesday, but the first since . The last Eagles game on a Tuesday was September 26, 1944, when they defeated the Boston Yanks in the season opener. It was also the Yanks first regular season franchise game. The Giants' loss to the Packers earlier on Sunday gave the Eagles the NFC East title. The Eagles' chances of contending for a first-round bye were ended with the

title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: as the rest of the game represented total domination from Nick Foles and the Eagles' offense, who racked up 456 total yards and 38 unanswered points. With a blowout win against one of the league's top defenses, the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl. The Philadelphia Eagles entered Super Bowl LII as a 5.5 point underdog to the defending champions; the New England Patriots. This was also their first appearance in 13 years, with their last Super Bowl berth happening in 2005 (Super Bowl XXXIX), which also happened to be against the New England Patriots. In the first quarter,

title: Super Bowl XXXIX

text: along with Ted Johnson. Vrabel also frequently played at the tight end position during offensive plays near the opponent's goal line, recording 2 touchdown receptions. The Eagles gained the 2004 NFC Super Bowl berth after 3 consecutive defeats in the NFC Championship Game to the St. Louis Rams, Tampa Bay Buccaneers (who won Super Bowl XXXVII that year), and Carolina Panthers, respectively. The Eagles hired Andy Reid as their head coach in 1999 following two straight losing seasons. That same year, they used their first-round pick in the NFL draft (the second overall) to select quarterback Donovan McNabb. Although they

title: 2004 New England Patriots season

text: game, some Eagles players revealed that McNabb was so sick that he had trouble calling the plays.) The Eagles failed to recover their ensuing onside kick attempt. The Patriots then played it safe by running the ball 3 times and forcing Philadelphia to use all of its timeouts. New England punter Josh Miller then pinned the Eagles back at their own 4-yard line with just 46 seconds left in the game. Philadelphia then tried one last desperate drive to win or tie the game. But on first down, McNabb was pressured into making a rushed pass to Westbrook at the

title: 1987 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: October 25, 1987 Kickoff 1:00 PM Eastern Played at Veterans Stadium on an Astroturf playing surface in 56F degrees with wind at 15 MPH. This was the first week the Eagles played after the NFLPA strike ended. This was the revenge game for Week 4, where the Cowboys ran up the score against an Eagles replacement squad. Despite the game being effectively over, with the Eagles leading and having possession of the ball, the Eagles performed a fake spike into a pass. Pass interference was called, and the Eagles successfully scored from the 1-yard line on the next play as

title: 2006 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: up to 9–6. "at Lincoln Financial Field, Philadelphia When it was announced that the Detroit Lions had hung on to beat the Dallas Cowboys a few minutes into the Eagles' regular season finale with the Atlanta Falcons, the game instantly became meaningless as the NFC East crown became clinched. After the defense forced an Atlanta three-and-out, Jeff Garcia marched the Eagles to a 41-yard David Akers field goal. From there, Andy Reid began pulling Philadelphia starters from the game, leaving the contest in the hands of the Eagles' backup players. Michael Vick, playing in his last game before going to

title: Super Bowl XXXIX

text: Super Bowl LII), team since the 1997–1998 Denver Broncos to win consecutive Super Bowls. New England also became the second team after the Dallas Cowboys to win three Super Bowls in four years. The Eagles were making their second Super Bowl appearance after posting a 13–3 regular season record. The game was close throughout, with the teams battling to a 14–14 tie by the end of the third quarter. The Patriots then scored 10 points in the 4th quarter with Corey Dillon's 2-yard touchdown run and Adam Vinatieri's 22-yard field goal. The Eagles then cut their deficit to 24–21, with

title: 1978 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: by sportscasters and Philadelphia Eagles fans for a fumble recovery by cornerback Herman Edwards that he returned for a touchdown at the end of a November 19, 1978 NFL game against the New York Giants in Giants Stadium. It was seen as miraculous because it occurred at a point in the game when the Giants were easily capable of running out the game's final seconds. The Giants had the ball, and the Eagles had no timeouts left. Everyone watching expected quarterback Joe Pisarcik to take one more snap and kneel with the ball, thus running out the clock and preserving

title: Brian Dawkins

text: as the Eagles lost 24–21 to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl. This became Dawkins' first and only Super Bowl appearance. Defensive coordinator Jim Johnson retained the starting secondary in 2005. On December 11, 2005, Dawkins made four combined tackles, a season-high four pass deflections, a sack, and an interception in the Eagles' 26-23 loss to the New York Giants in Week 14. In Week 16, Dawkins collected a season-high eight combined tackles during a 27-21 loss at the Arizona Cardinals. He started in all 16 games in 2005 and recorded 77 combined tackles (66 solo), a career-high 19

title: Sports-related curses

text: players don't believe in the curse." This alleged curse supposedly prevented the Philadelphia Eagles franchise from winning a Super Bowl game. The origin of this curse dates back to 1960, when the Eagles defeated Vince Lombardi and the Green Bay Packers in the 1960 NFL Championship Game. This would be the only playoff loss in Lombardi's coaching career. Following Lombardi's death in 1970, the league honored his legacy by naming the Super Bowl trophy after him. This renaming, combined with the Eagles inability to win another championship after their 1960 victory, led some Eagles fans to believe the franchise was

title: Quintin Mikell

text: Super Bowl XXXIX. His most significant contribution on special teams came on October 23, 2005, when, with the Eagles trailing the San Diego Chargers, 17-13, late in the fourth quarter, he blocked a field goal attempt by placekicker Nate Kaeding (who to that point had not missed a field goal all season), which teammate Matt Ware returned 65 yards for a touchdown to secure a 20-17 win. It was the first time in Eagles history that a blocked field goal was returned for a touchdown. In a Christmas Day win at Dallas in 2006, Mikell propelled the Eagles with a

title: 2004 Philadelphia Eagles season

long_answer: The Eagles had far and away the best team in the NFC and proved that right from the start. Possessing a high-powered offense which featured McNabb, Owens, and Brian Westbrook, as well as a bruising defense led by Pro Bowlers Trotter, Brian Dawkins, Lito Sheppard, and Michael Lewis, they steamrolled opponents on the way to a 13–1 start to the season. After resting starters for the final two games, the 13–3 Eagles soared past the Minnesota Vikings and the Atlanta Falcons in the playoffs, earning a trip to Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville against the defending champion New England Patriots. The game was hard fought, but the Eagles fell 24–21, ending their magical season one score short of the ultimate goal. This season was considered the franchise's most successful until their Super Bowl LII-winning 2017 season.


question: who is the all time leading scorer in ncaa tournament history

answers: Pete Maravich

title: Frank Urso

text: points and first all-time in NCAA Division I tournament scoring with 32 goals. Urso earned first-team All-American honors all four years while in college, one of only four players in NCAA history to achieve that feat. In the 1973 national title game, Urso scored the winning goal 1:18 into overtime for a 10-9 Maryland win. In the 1975 NCAA championship game against Navy, Urso scored five goals. Maryland reached the NCAA final again in 1976, where Urso's assist with one second left in regulation tied the game before Cornell took control in overtime to win 16 to 13. That play

title: Jacob Pullen

text: the Elite Eight of the NCAA Tournament before eventually losing to Butler. Pullen was selected to the All Big-12 Team that year. As a senior, Pullen and the Cats lost to Wisconsin in the third round of the NCAA tournament and he was named a Fourth Team All-American by Fox Sports. Pullen is the All Time Scoring Leader in the history of Kansas State University Men's Basketball. Pullen went undrafted in the 2011 NBA draft. On July 12, 2011, he signed with Angelico Biella of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A for the 2011–12 season. In July 2012, Pullen joined

title: Creighton Bluejays

text: Tolliver. Famous former coaches include "Red" McManus, Eddie Sutton, Willis Reed, Eddie Hickey, Tony Barone, Arthur A. Schabinger, and Dana Altman. The all-time leading scorer in Creighton men's basketball history is Doug McDermott, who surpassed former leader Rodney Buford during the 2012–13 season. McDermott ended his college career in 2014 with 3,150 total points, placing him fifth on the all-time Division I men's scoring list. He was named the first consensus first-team All-American in Creighton basketball history following the 2011–12 season, his sophomore year, and repeated as a consensus first-team All-American in 2013 and 2014. This made him the first

title: Derek Raivio

text: his collegiate career as the second all-time career free throw shooting percentage leader in NCAA Division I history (.927). He finished his career at Gonzaga as the school's 12th all-time leading scorer. He was also second all-time in steals, fourth in assists, and fourth in three-point field goals made at the end of his Gonzaga career. In 2007, Raivio signed with the Basketball Bundesliga's TBB Trier. In 2010, he signed with the Erie Bayhawks of the NBA D-League. He split the season between the Bayhawks and the Fort Wayne Mad Ants. He played the 2011-12 season in Japan for the

title: List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career scoring leaders

title: Sean Elliott

text: He was selected as a consensus all-American during his junior and senior years, and led the Wildcats to the Final Four in his junior year (1988). Elliott broke Lew Alcindor's (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) all time Pac-10 career scoring record. After an exceptional senior season, Elliott won the Wooden Award. He is still the University of Arizona's all-time leading scorer. He played for the US national team in the 1986 FIBA World Championship, winning the gold medal. Elliott was drafted by the San Antonio Spurs as the third pick in the first round of the 1989 NBA draft under Coach Larry Brown.

title: Northeastern Huskies men's ice hockey

text: one-time All-American who was also a Hobey Baker Award finalist. Chisholm is the leading career goal scorer for the Huskies with 100, while Jim Martel is the career scoring leader with 210 points. The most notable goaltenders in team history are Racine and Keni Gibson, who between them hold most school career records. Brad Thiessen, who turned professional after his junior year (2009), broke Gibson's school record with eight career shutouts by his sophomore season and had been threatening several career goaltending records. These are the top ten all-time career scorers for the Northeastern University Huskies. Rico Rossi is the

title: Saint Peter's University

text: title in school history. In 2004 and 2005, Keydren "Kee-Kee" Clark '05 led the nation in points scored per game, becoming just the eighth player to repeat as NCAA Division I scoring champion. On March 4, 2006, Clark became only the seventh NCAA player to score more than 3,000 points in his career; on the next day, he passed Hersey Hawkins to become the sixth-leading scorer of all time. At the time of his final game on March 6, 2006, Clark held the NCAA all-time record for 3-point shots, with 435. A second fourth-year student and a forward on the

title: Meghan Agosta

text: added three assists in the Lakers' 3–1 win over Wayne State on February 5. On February 25, 2011, Agosta scored her 151st career goal to become all-time leading goal scorer in NCAA history. She accomplished this in a 6–2 victory over the Robert Morris Colonials women's ice hockey program at the Mercyhurst Ice Center. She surpassed Harvard's Nicole Corriero, who set the record at 150 during the 2004–05 season. The goal was scored on the power play at 15:18 of the second period with the assist going to Bailey Bram. She later added her 152nd goal in the third period.

title: Cheryl Miller

text: winner, scored 3,018 career points (tenth all-time in NCAA history), and was a four-time All-American. Her career rebounding mark of 1,534 ranks her third all-time in NCAA history. Miller was named Naismith College Player of the Year three times and earned the Wade Trophy (Player of the Year) once. At USC, Miller led the Trojans to a 112–20 record and NCAA titles in 1983 and 1984 and was named NCAA Tournament MVP both years. Miller's teammates included Cynthia Cooper, two-time WNBA MVP; Pamela McGee, 1984 Olympian and All-American, and Paula McGee, 1982 and 1983 All-American. Miller was coached by Linda

title: Isaiah Wilkerson

text: NCAA Division I schools to be named to an All-American team, which the Associated Press did when he was put on the honorable mention squad. For his career, Wilkerson scored 1,577 points and grabbed 616 rebounds; the rebounding total is the NJIT program record for their Division I era. His point total had been NJIT's all-time scoring mark in the Division I era at the time of his graduation, but the following season, former teammate Chris Flores surpassed him as the school's all-time leading scorer. Wilkerson went undrafted in the 2012 NBA draft. On November 2, 2012, Wilkerson was selected

title: Mercyhurst Lakers women's ice hockey

text: goal to become all-time leading goal scorer in NCAA history. She accomplished this in a 6–2 victory over the Robert Morris Colonials women’s ice hockey program at the Mercyhurst Ice Center. She surpassed Harvard's Nicole Corriero, who set the record at 150 during the 2004–05 season. The goal was scored on the power play at 15:18 of the second period with the assist going to Bailey Bram. She later added her 152nd goal in the third period. In 2011, Agosta was named CHA Player of the Year as well as a First Team All-CHA selection, marking the fourth time in

title: Greg Hyder

text: college career at Eastern New Mexico University as the 7th leading scorer in school's history with 1,316 points and currently stands 10th all time. The 1969 Championship team also fielded Jim Guymon (1967–1971), who graduated as the 5th all time scorer in school's history with 1,530 and currently ranks 7th. Following his senior season in 1970, Greg was drafted by the Cincinnati Royals of the NBA in the third round and played one season. Brother Jerry was drafted by the Denver Rockets of the ABA in 1971. He never played professional basketball in the ABA or the NBA and Jim

title: Michael Powell (lacrosse)

text: Hopkins in the semifinal round 15-9 and then beat second-seeded Navy in the championship game 14-13. On the season, Powell scored 89 points (47 goals, 42 assists), surpassing the Syracuse record shared by his two older brothers to become the all-time leading scorer at Syracuse with 307 points. That number ties him for 12 all-time in NCAA history. Powell was again selected as a First Team All-American, becoming just the sixth lacrosse player to earn that recognition four times, won his second Tewaaraton Trophy, and his first Enners Trophy as the most outstanding player in men's college lacrosse. Following his

title: Matt Taylor (soccer)

text: scored 14 goals and had 8 assists, was named the Pac-10 Player of the Year, and was a Hermann Trophy finalist. Taylor was the nation's leading scorer in the NCAA tournament during UCLA's championship run in 2002 and was named to the all tournament team at the college cup. Taylor is also the all-time leading scorer for UCLA in post season tournament play. During his college years he played several games alongside former German National Team player Jürgen Klinsmann with Orange County Blue Star in the USL Premier Development League. An excellent MLS Combine saw the Kansas City Wizards trade

title: Bria Hartley

text: 1,994 points 6 points shy of 2,000, sixth all-time with 259 made three-point field goals and 153 games played, fifth in school history with 559 assists. A two-time All-Conference First Team selection, Hartley scored 647 points in 2013-14 marked the fourth-most scored by a UConn senior in program history and her 173 assists also marked the fourth-highest total for a UConn senior. She earned a reputation for playing her best in big games and was selected to the All-NCAA Tournament Team in 2013 and 2014, the NCAA Tournament All-Regional Team in 2011 and 2014 and to the All-Conference Tournament team

title: Dana Jones

text: to their third NCAA appearance in his four years as he averaged 22 points and 10 rebounds in the 1994 WCC tournament and was named tournament most valuable player. Dana Jones finished his Pepperdine career as the school's second leading scorer all-time (1,677 points). He also left as the school's all-time leader in rebounds (1,031), steals (211) and double-doubles (39). He finished second in Pepperdine history in field goal percentage at .585. After graduating from Pepperdine in 1994, Jones was not drafted in the 1994 NBA Draft. He ultimately settled in Japan, playing for the Sumitomo Metal Sparks, NKK Sea

title: Dane Suttle

text: all-time leading scorer with 1,702 points. One of the low points in his college career took place in the 1983 NCAA tournament. Pepperdine, the eleven seed in the West Region, faced North Carolina State in the first round and had been leading by six points in overtime. With twenty nine seconds left, Suttle was fouled and went to the free throw line for a one-and-one. He missed the first shot, enabling a change of possession with the Waves still leading by four. Suttle was fouled again on the inbound play and missed again, and North Carolina State would eventually score

title: Chris Thomas (basketball)

text: 11th on the school's all-time list. He also ranks second all-time in school history with 302 3-Point Field Goals, first in steals with 244, and 11th in 3 Point Field Goal Percentage. He recorded the only triple-double in school history, against University of New Hampshire, when he scored 24 points, had 11 assists, and 11 steals in his first game. He was named to the First Team All Notre Dame team as the point guard. This team was put together to celebrate 100 years of Notre Dame basketball and Thomas was the first team point guard. He is one of

title: Roland Minson

text: a national champion on par with the NCAA Tournament titlists. Minson averaged 26 points per game in the tournament to take MVP honors. In his BYU career, Minson scored 1,407 points. At the time of his graduation, this made him the all-time leading scorer in Cougar history - a mark that would stand until Krešimir Ćosić broke it in 1973. Following the close of his college career, Minson was drafted by the New York Knicks in the second round of the 1951 NBA draft (15th pick overall). However, he was drafted into active duty in the United States Navy for

title: Kyle Vinales

text: Due to his performances, Vinales was named Northeast Conference Rookie of the Week on several different occasions, but never earned more prestigious honors. In his sophomore season at CCSU, Vinales became known as one of the top scorers in the NCAA. He averaged the seventh-most points in the Division I and became the quickest player in school history to reach the 1,000 point ceiling. Vinales was named NEC Player of the Week during the season, and was also named the conference's Rookie of the Year, making the All-Rookie Team as well. Following the season, Vinales made the decision to return

title: Juan Dixon

text: players and was honored as the 2002 ACC Men's Basketball Player of the Year and ACC Athlete of the Year. He became Maryland's all-time scoring leader when he scored 29 points against Wisconsin to help Maryland advance to the Sweet Sixteen, passing Len Bias (2,149 points). He also became the only player in NCAA history to accumulate 2,000 points, 300 steals and 200 three-point field goals. In addition to leaving Maryland as the school's all-time scoring leader, Dixon also left as the Terrapins' all-time leader in three-pointers made (239) and attempted (615). He is second on Maryland's all-time steals list

title: Keydren Clark

text: the nation in points scored per game, becoming just the eighth player to repeat as NCAA Division I scoring champion. He also was one of the Division I steals leaders with 3.3 per game. He is the all-time leading scorer in Saint Peter's College and New Jersey collegiate history. Clark led the MAAC in scoring for all four seasons. He is also the all-time leader in steals and three-point field goals for the Peacocks. Lionel Simmons and La Salle were a part of the MAAC when he scored his 3,217 points. In July 2006, he joined the recently promoted Greek

title: Phil Latreille

text: He is the only three-time leading scorer in NCAA history as well as being the only player to average 5 points per game over the course of one season. Latreille remains the all-time leader in goals, both in a season and for a career, for the top level of play as well as being the career leader for points. He does not hold any Division I records as the NCAA did not introduce numerical classifications until 1973. In 2013, Latreille was named to the Vermont Sports Hall of Fame. Phil Latreille Joseph Jean Philippe Latreille (born April 22, 1938) is

title: Glen Rice

text: He became the school's all-time leading scorer with 2,442 points. He led Michigan to the 1989 NCAA Men's Division I basketball championship, scoring an NCAA-record 184 points in tournament play, a record that still stands. Rice was also voted the tournament's Most Outstanding Player and was part of the Associated Press All-America second-team, after averaging 25.6 points for the season, while shooting 58% from the floor and 52% from three-point range. After Rice's junior year, he was invited to try out for the 1988 United States Olympic basketball team, but he was cut before reaching the group of 48. On

title: Gyno Pomare

text: Toreros, eventually ending as the school's all-time leading scorer. He was the first player San Diego player since Scott Thompson (1985–87) to be named to the All-Conference Team three times. He also led the team to the 2008 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament where he scored a game-high 22 points on 10-12 shooting for the #13 seed Toreros in a first round upset over the University of Connecticut. Although Pomare was a dark horse candidate for the 2009 NBA Draft, he went undrafted. On August 18, 2009, the Sendai 89ers of the Japanese bj league, the top flight of

title: Kelly Rulon

text: UCLA defeated Stanford University in the NCAA final, Rulon, who scored three goals in the semifinal win over Hawaii, led UCLA in scoring for the season and post-season. As a junior, Rulon was selected the Most Valuable Player of the 2006 NCAA Tournament after leading UCLA to its second consecutive and fourth overall NCAA title. She scored 11 goals in the three games to set a new NCAA Tournament record. In the 9-8 championship victory over the University of Southern California, Rulon scored four goals and set up the game-winner by drawing an ejection foul with four seconds to play.

title: Jaycee Carroll

text: points, falling 35 short of breaking the record, at the time held by Keith Van Horn, for all-time leading college basketball scorer in the state of Utah. That Utah state record is now 2,720 career points, currently held by Tyler Haws of BYU. Carroll was selected as one of the best three-point shooters in the nation, and along with 7 others, competed in the 3-Point Shootout at the 2008 NCAA Final Four in San Antonio, Texas. The final event of his collegiate career was the NABC All-Star Game, at the Final Four. Carroll was one of 64 players that were

title: Larry Gordon (basketball)

text: scorer is school history. During his senior year, he led his team to the NCAA Men's Division II Basketball Championship Game for the first time in school history and was named an NABC All-American to become just the 4th All-American in Men's Basketball. He was also named Player of the Year of the CCAA an NCAA Division II Conference and West Region MVP. In the Fall of 2008 he started off his rookie season in the Netherlands playing in the top Dutch Basketball League for Landstede Basketbal and averaged 14 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. He then played two

title: Meghan Agosta

text: 6–3 win. The next day, she scored her 26th of the season while the Lakers were short-handed, and added an assist. On February 4, 2011, Meghan Agosta became the all-time leading scorer in NCAA women's hockey history with three goals and one assist in Mercyhurst College's 6–2 win over Wayne State. Wayne State goalie DeLayne Brian was the goaltender in net when Agosta broke the record. Agosta's four points gave her 286 career points, one more than ex-Harvard forward Julie Chiu's record of 285 set in 2006–07. Agosta, who also owns the record for most short-handed goals and game-winning goals,

long_answer: Additionally, several of the players on this list played during an era when college freshmen were ineligible to compete at the varsity level and were forced to participate on either freshman or junior varsity teams. Since freshman and junior varsity points do not count toward official NCAA records, three players—Pete Maravich, Oscar Robertson and Elvin Hayes—only had three seasons to compile their totals. Larry Bird redshirted (sat out) his freshman year, and therefore, like Maravich, Robertson, and Hayes, his totals also cover only three seasons (though in Bird's case, unlike the others, it was his own choice not to play a fourth season at the college level). With the added benefits of a three-point line and a full extra year of varsity eligibility, their already-historical statistics would have been much higher. Maravich, a guard from LSU, not only owns the three highest single season averages in Division I history, but also the highest career total. Remarkably, he scored 3,667 points (over 400 more than the next closest player) in a mere 83 games. His record is considered nearly unbreakable; the only player who could have potentially overtaken him as the top scorer in Division I history is Stephen Curry of Davidson, who had scored 2,635 points through his first three seasons of college basketball. However, Curry opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and moved on to the National Basketball Association (NBA) following his junior season in 2008–09.


question: by 1914 which of the following african countries were still independent

answers: Liberia

answers: Ethiopia

title: Berlin Conference

text: War I. The British moved up from South Africa and down from Egypt conquering states such as the Mahdist State and the Sultanate of Zanzibar and, having already defeated the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa, in 1879, moving on to subdue and dismantle the independent Boer republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State. Within a few years, Africa was at least nominally divided up south of the Sahara. By 1895, the only independent states were: The following states lost their independence to the British Empire roughly a decade after (see below for more information): By 1902, 90% of all the

title: Client state

text: countries of the continent. As if that were not enough, Francophone countries in Africa help to sustain the image of France as a world power, by giving votes of support for French initiatives at the UN. In the British Empire the Indian Princely States were technically independent and were technically given their separate independence in 1947 (although the Nizam of Hyderabad indeed opted for independence but could not retain his independence from India). Egyptian Independence in 1922 technically ended a British protectorate in Egypt. Sudan continued to be governed as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan until Sudanese independence in 1956; Britain also had

title: Scramble for Africa

text: and Saguia el-Hamra, the latter of which would be integrated into Spanish Sahara. Between 1885 and 1914, Britain took nearly 30% of Africa's population under its control; 15% for France, 11% for Portugal, 9% for Germany, 7% for Belgium and 1% for Italy. Nigeria alone contributed 15 million subjects, more than in the whole of French West Africa or the entire German colonial empire. It was paradoxical that Britain, the staunch advocate of free trade, emerged in 1914 with not only the largest overseas empire thanks to its long-standing presence in India, but also the greatest gains in the "scramble

title: Scramble for Africa

text: power in Africa. Nearly all of its overall empire of 2.6 million square kilometres and 14 million colonial subjects in 1914 was found in its African possessions of Southwest Africa, Togoland, the Cameroons, and Tanganyika. Following the 1904 "Entente cordiale" between France and the British Empire, Germany tried to isolate France in 1905 with the First Moroccan Crisis. This led to the 1905 Algeciras Conference, in which France's influence on Morocco was compensated by the exchange of other territories, and then to the Agadir Crisis in 1911. Along with the 1898 Fashoda Incident between France and Britain, this succession of

title: Scramble for Africa

text: Even as late as the 1870s, European states still controlled only ten percent of the African continent, with all their territories located near the coast. The most important holdings were Angola and Mozambique, held by Portugal; the Cape Colony, held by the United Kingdom; and Algeria, held by France. By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent of European control.

title: Decolonization

text: 1952, but became an independent country in 1993. Most African countries became independent as republics. Morocco, Lesotho, and Swaziland remain monarchies under dynasties that predate colonial rule. Egypt and Libya gained independence as monarchies, but both countries' monarchs were later deposed, and they became republics. African countries cooperate in various multi-state associations. The African Union includes all 55 African states. There are several regional associations of states, including the East African Community, Southern African Development Community, and Economic Community of West African States, some of which have overlapping membership. Japan expanded its occupation of Chinese territory during the 1930s, and

title: New Imperialism

text: in the Herero Wars in German South-West Africa from 1904 to 1907 and the Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa from 1905 to 1907. One of the goals of the conference was to reach agreements over trade, navigation, and boundaries of Central Africa. However, of all of the 15 nations in attendance of the Berlin Conference, none of the countries represented were African. The main dominating powers of the conference were France, Germany, Great Britain and Portugal. They remapped Africa without considering the cultural and linguistic borders that were already established. At the end of the conference, Africa was

title: East African Campaign (World War I)

text: 1914. The German colonial administration could call on a military "Schutztruppe" (protection force) of 260 Europeans and 2,470 Africans, plus 2,700 white settlers in the reservist "Landsturm" as well as a small paramilitary "Gendarmerie". The outbreak of World War I in 1914 increased the popularity of German colonial expansion and the conquest of a "Deutsch-Mittelafrika" ("German Central Africa") that would parallel a resurgent German Empire in Europe. To create "Mittelafrika" and link the German colonies in eastern, south-western and western Africa, territory belonging to the Belgian Congo would have to be annexed. The new territories would occupy central Africa and

title: Scramble for Africa

text: Cameroons and South West Africa to be under its protection; and France occupied Guinea. French West Africa (AOF) was founded in 1895, and French Equatorial Africa in 1910. Germany was hardly a colonial power before the New Imperialism period, but would eagerly participate in this race. Fragmented in various states, Germany was only unified under Prussia's rule after the 1866 Battle of Königgrätz and the 1870 Franco-Prussian War. A rising industrial power close on the heels of Britain, Germany began its world expansion in the 1880s. After isolating France by the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary and then the 1882 Triple

title: Scramble for Africa

text: for Africa", reflecting its advantageous position at its inception. In terms of surface area occupied, the French were the marginal victors but much of their territory consisted of the sparsely populated Sahara. The political imperialism followed the economic expansion, with the "colonial lobbies" bolstering chauvinism and jingoism at each crisis in order to legitimise the colonial enterprise. The tensions between the imperial powers led to a succession of crises, which finally exploded in August 1914, when previous rivalries and alliances created a domino situation that drew the major European nations into World War I. Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia to avenge the

title: German colonization of Africa

text: a year; those in Cameroon, Namibia, Tanzania and Togo quickly grew into successful colonies. Together these four territories constituted Germany's African presence in the age of New Imperialism. They were invaded and largely occupied by the colonial forces of the Allied Powers during World War I, and in 1919 were transferred from German control by the League of Nations and divided between Belgium, France, Portugal, South Africa and the United Kingdom. The six principal colonies of German Africa, along with native kingdoms and polities, were the legal precedents for the modern states of Burundi, Cameroon, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania and Togo.

title: Berlin Conference

text: land that makes up Africa was under European control. The large part of the Sahara was French, while after the quelling of the Mahdi rebellion and the ending of the Fashoda crisis, the Sudan remained firmly under joint British–Egyptian rulership with Egypt being under British occupation before becoming a British protectorate in 1914. The Boer republics were conquered by the United Kingdom in the Boer war from 1899 to 1902. Morocco was divided between the French and Spanish in 1911, and Libya was conquered by Italy in 1912. The official British annexation of Egypt in 1914 ended the colonial division

title: Léopold Louis Joubert

text: Africa and ward off the influence of Freemasons, Socialists, Protestants and Muslims. At one point the kingdom of Buganda was seen as potentially playing this role, and Joubert thought he might have to become "Minister of War to His Black Majesty, Mutesa." This idea was abandoned, as was a plan to use the Kingdom of Lunda as a base. In 1885 the Berlin Conference settled the European colonial spheres of interest in Africa. The area that now consists of Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania (other than Zanzibar) became German East Africa. The Belgian station of Mpala, which had been founded in

title: Africa

text: internationally recognized as an independent state (as Zimbabwe) until 1980, when black nationalists gained power after a bitter guerrilla war. Although South Africa was one of the first African countries to gain independence, the state remained under the control of the country's white minority through a system of racial segregation known as apartheid until 1994. Today, Africa contains 54 sovereign countries, most of which have borders that were drawn during the era of European colonialism. Since colonialism, African states have frequently been hampered by instability, corruption, violence, and authoritarianism. The vast majority of African states are republics that operate under

title: Joseph Booth (missionary)

text: and 1912, issues of which can now be viewed at the Seventh Day Baptist Historical Library and Archives in Janesville, Wisconsin and at the Library of the University of Malawi in Zomba. Booth predicted that by 1914 Europeans no longer would rule Africa, but that there would be democracy, African self-rule and unity with American Blacks. These teachings, his criticism of taxation, and the suspicion of Booth because his associate, Elliot Kamwana, had been arrested and deported from Nyasaland, led to his deportation from the Transvaal in mid-1909, although he remained in the British-ruled part of South Africa. Referring to

title: Decolonization

text: the anti-colonial wars of the 1900s (decade) barely over, new modernising forms of African Nationalism began to gain strength in the early 20th-century with the emergence of Pan-Africanism, as advocated by the Jamaican journalist Marcus Garvey (1887–1940) whose widely distributed newspapers demanded swift abolition of European imperialism, as well as republicanism in Egypt. Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972) who was inspired by the works of Garvey led Ghana to independence from colonial rule. Independence for the colonies in Africa began with the independence of Sudan in 1956, and Ghana in 1957. All of the British colonies on mainland Africa became independent by

title: African independence movements

text: which the Eritrean people overwhelmingly, 99.8%, voted for independence, Eritrea officially declared its independence and gained international recognition. At the onset of World War I, the Union of South Africa participated in the invasion and occupation of several Allied territories taken from the German Empire, most notably German South-West Africa and German East Africa (Tanzania). Germany's defeat forced the new Weimar Republic to cede its overseas possessions to the League of Nations as mandates. A mandate over South-West Africa was conferred upon the United Kingdom, "for and on behalf of the government of the Union of South Africa", which was

title: Fashoda Incident

text: the Entente cordiale of 1904. It gave rise to the 'Fashoda syndrome' in French foreign policy, or seeking to assert French influence in areas which might be becoming susceptible to British influence. During the late 19th century, Africa was rapidly being claimed and exploited by European colonial powers. After the 1885 Berlin Conference regarding West Africa, Europe's great powers went after any remaining lands in Africa that were not already under another European nation's influence. This period in African history is usually called the Scramble for Africa. The two principal powers involved in this scramble were Britain and France, along

title: Africa

text: the European powers that laid claim to African territories. The Berlin Conference sought to end the European powers' Scramble for Africa, by agreeing on political division and spheres of influence. They set up the political divisions of the continent, by spheres of interest, that exist in Africa today. Imperial rule by Europeans would continue until after the conclusion of World War II, when almost all remaining colonial territories gradually obtained formal independence. Independence movements in Africa gained momentum following World War II, which left the major European powers weakened. In 1951, Libya, a former Italian colony, gained independence. In 1956,

title: Protectorate

text: the East African Campaign of World War I, the north-west part of German East Africa, Ruanda-Urundi, was invaded by Belgian and Congolese troops in 1916 and was still occupied by them at the end of the war in 1918. As part of the Treaty of Versailles the major part of German East Africa was handed over to British control but Ruanda-Urundi, twice the size of Belgium but only about 2% of the size of the Congo, was confirmed as a Belgian protectorate by a League of Nations mandate in 1924, later renewed as a United Nations Trust Territory. The territory

title: German colonial empire

text: Africa. In terms of the population of 12.5 million people in 1914, 42 percent were transferred to mandates of Britain and its dominions. 33 percent to France, and 25 percent to Belgium. In the Pacific, Japan gained Germany's islands north of the equator (the Marshall Islands, the Carolines, the Marianas, the Palau Islands) and Kiautschou in China. German Samoa was assigned to New Zealand; German New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and Nauru went to Australia as mandates. British placement of surrogate responsibility for former German colonies on white-settler dominions was at the time determined to be the most expedient option

title: Colonisation of Africa

text: Portugal and France, had already claimed for themselves vast areas of Africa and Asia, and emerging imperial powers like Italy and Germany had done likewise on a smaller scale. With the dismissal of the aging Chancellor Bismarck by Kaiser Wilhelm II, the relatively orderly colonisation became a frantic scramble. The 1885 Berlin Conference, initiated by Bismarck to establish international guidelines for the acquisition of African territory, formalised this "New Imperialism". Between the Franco-Prussian War and the Great War, Europe added almost 9 million square miles (23,000,000 km²)—one-fifth of the land area of the globe—to its overseas colonial possessions. Vincent Khapoya

title: Year of Africa

text: by Harold Macmillan. Speaking in Cape Town, Macmillan acknowledged that imperial powers would have difficulty continuing to control their colonies. The speech represented an admission by the British political elite that the British Empire was over and could not be revived. This inspired a reaction from the Empire Loyalist wing of the Conservative Party; see Conservative Monday Club. Africans also reacted. In the words of Guinean Foreign Minister Caba Sory: During 1960, the number of independent countries rose from nine (with populations of 95 million) to twenty-six (with populations of 180 million), gaining their independence from Belgium, France and the

title: International African Association

text: ruled over much of present-day Sudan and parts of Somalia. In 1870 and 1882, Kingdom of Italy took possession of the first parts of Eritrea, while the German Empire declared Togoland, German Cameroon, and South-West Africa to be under its protection in 1884. The large number of competing interests caused the Association to fracture and disintegrate over each member state's national interests. The Association's break-up eventually forced the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885, effectively ending what became known as the Scramble for Africa. Despite the failure of the initial committee, the Belgian Committee that the Association generated continued to sponsor "humanitarian"

title: New Imperialism

text: between the two that lasted until 1990. Paradoxically, the United Kingdom, a staunch advocate of free trade, emerged in 1914 with not only the largest overseas empire, thanks to its long-standing presence in India, but also the greatest gains in the conquest of Africa, reflecting its advantageous position at its inception. Up until 1876, Belgium had no colonial presence in Africa. It was then that its king, Leopold II created the International African Society. Operating under the pretense of an international scientific and philanthropic association, it was actually a private holding company owned by Leopold. Henry Morton Stanley was employed

title: History of West Africa

text: Ture's newly founded Wassoulou Empire was the last to fall, and with his capture in 1898, military resistance to French colonial rule effectively ended. Following World War II, campaigns for independence sprung up across West Africa, most notably in Ghana under the Pan-Africanist Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972). After a decade of protests, riots and clashes, French West Africa voted for autonomy in a 1958 referendum, dividing into the states of today; most of the British colonies gained autonomy the following decade. Ghana became the first country of sub-Saharan Africa to achieve independence in 1957, followed by Guinea under the guidance Sekou

title: East African Campaign (World War I)

text: hours. Both sides waited for confirmation, with the Germans formally surrendering on 25 November. GEA became two League of Nations Class B Mandates, Tanganyika Territory of the United Kingdom and Ruanda-Urundi of Belgium, while the Kionga Triangle was ceded to Portugal. In 1885, Germans colonized the lands that became German East Africa ("Deutsch-Ostafrika"). The territory itself spanned and included the areas of present-day Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania. The indigenous population of "Deutsch-Ostafrika" numbered 7.5 million; 5,300 Europeans administered the colony. The colonial regime felt relatively secure but the effects of the Maji Maji Rebellion (1904–1905) were still being felt in

title: 20th-century events

text: African countries achieved their independence from France. Through the efforts of Amílcar Cabral and others, the Portuguese colonies of Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Angola, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe followed suit and achieved independence during the mid-1970s, in what was to be the last important wave of African decolonization. In 1946, there were 35 member states in the United Nations, but as the newly independent nations joined the organization, by 1970 membership increased to 127. The emergence of newly independent countries in Africa and Asia that used the borders of the imperial partitions later led to further conflict. In many

title: History of colonialism

text: for self-government. During this period, Europe's powers added nearly 8,880,000 square miles (23,000,000 km²) to their overseas colonial possessions. As it was mostly unoccupied by the Western powers as late as the 1880s, Africa became the primary target of the "new" imperialist expansion (known as the Scramble for Africa), although conquest took place also in other areas — notably south-east Asia and the East Asian seaboard, where Japan joined the European powers' scramble for territory. The Berlin Conference (1884–1885) mediated the imperial competition among Britain, France and Germany, defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of colonial claims

title: Neukamerun

text: eventually resigned over the matter. During World War I, France was eager to regain the territories. In 1916, France seized the territories after the fall of German forces in western Africa. France took control of Cameroun as a League of Nations mandate (although it was not integrated into French Equatorial Africa). The boundary was placed back at its pre-1911 line and Neukamerun ceased to exist. The territory today forms part of Chad, Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon. Neukamerun Neukamerun (German for New Cameroon) was the name of Central African territories ceded by France to Germany

title: Scramble for Africa

short_answers: Ethiopia Liberia


question: when was the day that the pubs ran dry in the poem 9-3

answers: 31 October 1972

title: Pub

text: where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between parishes; in the 1960s, at closing time in Kensington at 10:30 pm, drinkers would rush over the parish boundary to be in good time for "Last Orders" in Knightsbridge before 11 pm, a practice observed in many pubs adjoining licensing area boundaries. Some Scottish and Welsh parishes remained officially "dry" on Sundays (although often this merely required knocking at the back door

title: Tam o' Shanter (poem)

text: Tam o' Shanter (poem) "Tam o' Shanter" is a narrative poem written by the Scottish poet Robert Burns in 1790, while living in Dumfries. First published in 1791, it is one of Burns' longer poems, and employs a mixture of Scots and English. The poem describes the habits of Tam, a farmer who often gets drunk with his friends in a public house in the Scottish town of Ayr, and his thoughtless ways, specifically towards his wife, who is waiting at home for him, angry. At the conclusion of one such late-night revel after a market day, Tam rides home

title: Ezra Pound

text: the Yorkshire Grey pub, which made an appearance in the "Pisan Cantos", "concerning the landlady's "doings" / with a lodger unnamed / az waz near Gt Titchfield St. next door to the pub". Pound persuaded the bookseller Elkin Mathews to display "A Lume Spento", and by October 1908 he was being discussed by the literati. In December he published a second collection, "A Quinzaine for This Yule", and after the death of a lecturer at the Regent Street Polytechnic he managed to acquire a position lecturing in the evenings, from January to February 1909, on "The Development of Literature in

title: The Four Men: A Farrago

text: All Hallow's Eve (31 October), All Saints Day or All Hallow's Day (1 November) and All Souls Day (2 November). The book contains various poetry and songs, including the "West Sussex Drinking Song". Belloc was also a lover of Sussex songs and wrote lyrics. Joseph Pearce argues that Belloc "knew every inch of the way" and "had evidently walked most of the route at various times, even if he had never walked the whole route at one time." Belloc envisaged calling the book "The County of Sussex". In 1909 Belloc told Maurice Baring that the three characters other than 'Myself'

title: Llanelli RFC

title: D-Day (poem)

text: D-Day (poem) "D-Day" is an 18-line Irish language poem by Pól Ó Muirí. The poem concerns the nose-gunner of a B-24 Liberator flying over Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944. He is "ag guí Dé/praying to God" while holding "I bpóca a léine taise tá pictiur/In the damp pocket of his shirt a picture" of his lover from the Falls Road, Belfast. Outside "Amuigh frid néalta colgacha an flak/though the waspish clouds of flak" he hears the sound of the summer breeze and likens it to the wind over the plains of Minnesota back home, sounding like "Siosarnach thostach thaibhsí

title: Robert Burns's diamond point engravings

text: One pane has a stanza from ""Lovely Polly Stewart."" whilst the other has a variant on ""Comin Thro the Rye."" Three verses of ""Lines Written on Windows of the Globe Tavern"" were also present with at least the first stanza of ""At the Globe Tavern."" The following stanza is said to have been written on one of the window panes after he was told by the Excise authorities that his duty ""was to act, not to think"": The three missing panes were sold by the pub's owner in the 19th century and a later attempt to buy them back was

title: I taste a liquor never brewed

text: I taste a liquor never brewed "I taste a liquor never brewed" is a lyrical poem written by Emily Dickinson first published in the "Springfield Daily Republican" of 4 May 1861 from a now lost copy. Although titled "The May-Wine" by the "Republican", Dickinson never titled the poem so it is commonly referred to by its first line. The poem celebrates Dickinson's intoxication with life in an ironic and transformative manner, drawing on themes of popular temperance reform of the time. Emily Dickinson's manuscript version (as the poem appears today) differs significantly from the "Republican" version in the last two

title: I taste a liquor never brewed

text: other popular images. For example, the third verse brings to mind Timothy Shay Arthur's "Ten Nights in a Bar Room". Her use of quotation marks underscores that she is borrowing from others. Her purpose however is to transform these images, intoxicating her readers themselves with the force of her imagination. I taste a liquor never brewed "I taste a liquor never brewed" is a lyrical poem written by Emily Dickinson first published in the "Springfield Daily Republican" of 4 May 1861 from a now lost copy. Although titled "The May-Wine" by the "Republican", Dickinson never titled the poem so it

title: D-Day (poem)

text: na Sioux/the quiet whispering of the ghosts of the Sioux". D-Day (poem) "D-Day" is an 18-line Irish language poem by Pól Ó Muirí. The poem concerns the nose-gunner of a B-24 Liberator flying over Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944. He is "ag guí Dé/praying to God" while holding "I bpóca a léine taise tá pictiur/In the damp pocket of his shirt a picture" of his lover from the Falls Road, Belfast. Outside "Amuigh frid néalta colgacha an flak/though the waspish clouds of flak" he hears the sound of the summer breeze and likens it to the wind over the

title: Dulce et Decorum est

text: between January and March 1918. The earliest surviving manuscript is dated 8 October 1917 and addressed to his mother, Susan Owen, with the message: "Here is a gas poem done yesterday (which is not private, but not final)." Formally, the poem combines two sonnets, as it is formed by 28 lines, though the spacing of the stanzas is irregular. The text presents a vignette from the front lines of World War I; specifically, of British soldiers attacked with chlorine gas. In the rush when the shells with poison gas explode, one soldier is unable to get his mask on in

title: Hardy's Well

text: written on one of its gable walls. The poem is known as "Hardy's Well", after the name of the pub. Sissay went on to display poetry UK-wide. It was a popular venue for University of Manchester students, and of Manchester City F.C. fans when the club was based at Maine Road. It is owned by Enterprise Inns. It was listed as an Asset of community value in 2015 as a result of an application by the Rusholme & Fallowfield Civic Society. The pub closed in July 2016, and is at risk of being demolished. A planning application by Eamar Development

title: Cittie of Yorke

text: called Henneky's Long Bar. Fred Jarvis, a former general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, found the previously unknown poem in 2014 while going through papers belonging to his late parents-in-law who knew Thomas. The top of the poem reads "This little song was written in Henneky's Long Bar High Holborn by Dylan Thomas in 1951." Orion Publishing Group planned to include the song in a new edition of collected Thomas poems in October 2014. Cittie of Yorke The Cittie of Yorke is a grade II listed public house on London's High Holborn, and is listed in CAMRA's National

title: The Crown and Greyhound

text: 16 April 1966 article for London Life magazine entitled, ""A Hard Glance at the Poetry Business"", describes the Dulwich Poetry Group readings upstairs at the Crown and Greyhound as the best in London, ""and audiences of over a hundred (on one sweltering occasion, three hundred) are common."" He ascribes this success to the ""informal atmosphere"", and fact that, ""the audience can meet the poets down in the bar afterwards."" The poet George MacBeth, described as ""the slim Edwardian dandy"", is recorded as performing a reading at the pub in 1963. Edwin Morgan, widely recognised as one of the foremost Scottish

title: We Real Cool

text: life that the boys live in their enjoyment of skipping school, singing sin and drinking gin. Brooks has also gone on the record of saying that the seven pool players in the poem are fighting the establishment with their rebellious actions. She states that the establishment is represented by the month of June. In the same interview Brooks explains how the poem has even been banned in some areas due to the use of the word "jazz" due to a perceived sexual nature. Some have interpreted the usage of "jazz" to have a sexual reference. However, Brooks said that the

title: The Martian Chronicles

text: municipal water supply has dried up and failed. By the next morning, the entire house has collapsed except for one wall that announces the date over and over. The title of the story comes from a randomly selected bedtime poem called "There Will Come Soft Rains", which is an actual poem by Sara Teasdale published in 1920. The theme of the poem is that nature will survive after humanity destroys itself in a war, but the story takes pains to show that this is not the case; if we were to destroy ourselves in a nuclear war we would take

title: The Amphitrite

text: sae and so sweat and swet tell'd and tell't thou and tu trodg'd and trudg'd up Shields Road and up the Shields Road us and uz was and were went, whe' and whee Specific differences Verse 1 Line 3 varies between "thropples see wet" and "gobs se oft wet" Verse 2 Line 3 starts either "Then" or "When" Verse 5 Line 4 "owre a tankard o' yell" and "an' to swattle some yell" Verse 6 Line 2 starts eithe 'An, And, or Which Verse 7 Line 2 sometime starts with an additional "It's" Verse 8 Line 4 either the Dandy

title: Anne Rankine

text: Robert Burns, who is described by him as ""rough, rude, ready-witted Rankine"". She married an inn-keeper, John Merry, who died in 1802 and thereafter she ran the inn herself until she died in 1843, aged 84. Burns lodged at the inn in August 1786, four years after the song was written. She maintained she was the Annie of 'The Rigs o' Barley' although she married in the same year that the song was written. She was sometimes escorted by Burns to her father's house, from festive gatherings in the neighbourhood. The poet was said to have been passionately fond of

title: Gordon Parsons (singer-songwriter)

text: continued to record for Regal Zonophone, and later for various other labels, including Mystery (1950s), Hadley (1960s), CM Records (1970s), and Columbia and Selection (1980s). In 1956, someone handed Parsons a scrap of paper with the words of a poem, "A Pub Without Beer" (written in 1943 by Queensland farmer Dan Sheahan, on finding that his local pub, the Day Dawn Hotel in Ingham, Queensland, had been drunk dry by US servicemen stationed in the area), and suggested that it might be a basis for a song. Parsons wrote "A Pub With No Beer", fleshing the poem out with word-portraits

title: John Cunningham (poet and dramatist)

text: theme may, to some, appear unworthy of a poet's efforts, but it must be remembered that in Cunningham's days Newcastle beer was a great institution, and the great ones of the town did not disdain on occasions to indulge in the local nectar. Often were their servants sent round to see where the beer was in best condition (each house brewed its own then), and acting on their reports, the masters would patronise mine host who had the best on tap. His works include the following :- The play – Love in a mist A book of Poems – published

title: Bernard Moore (poet)

text: near Tring, Hertfordshire. While working as a teacher in London in 1918 he enlisted in the British Army and served as a Sergeant in the London and Middlesex Regiments from 1918-19. He was made a bard of the Cornish Gorseth in 1934 taking the bardic name 'Morrep' In his poem written c. 1919, Hunt lists stations along the urban railway line to the City as called out by the Porter: <poem> </poem> and contrasts them with idyllic sounding destinations on the rural Liskeard and Looe Railway: <poem> </poem> "The Bookman" wrote of it in 1919 "There is sincerity in every

title: Tam o' Shanter (poem)

text: is Los Angeles' oldest restaurant operated by the same family in the same location. It was Walt Disney's favorite restaurant. "The Number of the Beast" by Iron Maiden is loosely based on the poem. Citations Bibliography Tam o' Shanter (poem) "Tam o' Shanter" is a narrative poem written by the Scottish poet Robert Burns in 1790, while living in Dumfries. First published in 1791, it is one of Burns' longer poems, and employs a mixture of Scots and English. The poem describes the habits of Tam, a farmer who often gets drunk with his friends in a public house in

title: More Poems

text: are from "Last Poems" and three from "More Poems" (14, 7 and 31); in "Green Buds" (1954) by Leslie Mann (1923-77), there are two from "A Shropshire Lad" and two from "More Poems": Poem 9, which has been given the cycle’s title, and Poem 19, retitled “The Mill Stream”; in Peggy Glanville-Hicks’ "5 Songs" for medium voice and piano (1952), the first two pieces are from "Additional Poems", while the other three are Poems 7, 12 and 29 from "More Poems". Jan Meyerowitz’s "2 Choruses" (1957) for male voices and horn are settings of poems about death and burial (14

title: The Rolling English Road

text: alliterative yoke in the last stanza ("Paradise ... Kensal Green") you know he's being serious." In the final line of the poem, Kensal Green refers to Kensal Green Cemetery in London. G. K. Chesterton's Works on the Web The Rolling English Road "The Rolling English Road" is one of the best-known poems by G. K. Chesterton. It was first published under the title "A Song of Temperance Reform" in the "New Witness" in 1913. It was also included in the novel by Chesterton, "The Flying Inn" in 1914. The poem is written in heptameters. Alliteration is plentiful and "a particularly

title: Pub

text: London's pubs had closed. The closures have been ascribed to factors such as changing tastes, rise in the cost of beer due to applied taxes and the increase in the Muslim population. Inns and taverns feature throughout English literature and poetry, from The Tabard Inn in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" onwards. The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. Jamaica Inn near Bolventor in Cornwall gave its name to a 1936 novel by Daphne du Maurier and a 1939 film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of

title: The Crown and Greyhound

text: She also records the final reading of the Dulwich Poetry Group as taking place on 28 July 1983. From 2013, up until its closure for refurbishment in September 2014, The Crown and Greyhound was home to ""The Goose Is Out"" folk club. The pub was also home to the Dulwich Chess Club on Monday nights prior to its closure in 2014, and a venue for the annual Dulwich Festival, which takes place each May. Local amateur dramatic group, The Dulwich Players, also used the pub as its regular meeting place. The Crown and Greyhound was runner-up for best pub or

title: Puck of Pook's Hill

text: 15th century and told by Sir Harry 'Hal' Dawe. Sung by a smuggler advising people to look the other way when the contraband is run through the town. A poem which explains how honey bees must be told all the news or else they will cease to produce honey. A fairy tale told by Puck (in disguise) and set around the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries (about 1540 AD). A poem which tells of the three main landscapes of Sussex, the Weald, Romney Marsh and the South Downs. How God assigned the four great rivers of the Garden

title: Taylors Arm, New South Wales

text: (Australian country music singer) is believed to have written the song "The Pub With No Beer" based on the original poem "The Pub Without Beer" written by Dan Sheahan of Ingham, North Queensland. In 1943 Sheahan was a local cane farmer and rode 20 miles to his local pub in Ingham, the Day Dawn Hotel owned by the Harvey family. When Sheahan arrived Gladys Harvey told him that the American troops stationed near Ingham during the war had drunk the entire month's allocation of beer - beer being rationed during WW2. Sheahan rode home dry and wrote the poem. The

text: Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 "Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802" is a Petrarchan sonnet by William Wordsworth describing London and the River Thames, viewed from Westminster Bridge in the early morning. It was first published in the collection "Poems, in Two Volumes" in 1807. The sonnet was originally dated 1803, but this was corrected in later editions and the date of composition given precisely as 31 July 1802, when Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy were travelling to Calais to visit Annette Vallon and his daughter Caroline by Annette, prior to his forthcoming marriage to Mary Hutchinson.

title: Norman Nicholson

text: T. S. Eliot and Ted Hughes, and Seamus Heaney, who wrote in a poem of tribute: <poem> ...those Cumbrian phonetics cracked like a plaited whip until the slack, nostalgic ambler in me trotted on the paved margin of my own black pool — Dublin black pool, dubh linn ...that is yours and mine as well </poem> Other aspects of Nicholson include his social awareness as a champion of the working class. (He worked as a lecturer for the Workers' Educational Association.) His poem "Windscale" about a 1957 nuclear accident has become something of an environmentalists' anthem. <poem> The toadstool towers

title: Llanelli RFC

long_answer: "9 – 3" is a poem by Welsh comedian and singer Max Boyce and refers to the match between Llanelli and the New Zealand All Blacks at Stradey Park in front of 26,000 supporters on 31 October 1972. Llanelli took a 6–0 lead through a converted try but New Zealand struck back to make it 6–3. A long distance Andy Hill penalty ensured Llanelli emerged victors by 9–3 and the crowd famously ran onto the pitch at the end and carried off players such as Delme Thomas. The poem is best known for the line "The day the pubs ran dry", as huge celebrations followed and many pubs in the town sold out of all alcoholic drinks.


question: where does aarp fall on the political spectrum

answers: non-partisan

title: AARP

text: Say" campaign has sought to foster nonpartisan conversations about how to strengthen Social Security and Medicare. The Richmond (VA) Times-Dispatch reported, "AARP took the debate about Medicare and Social Security from what it called behind closed doors in Washington to a series of town hall meetings around the country to make sure retirees have a voice in the discussion." In June 2011, AARP dropped its longstanding opposition to cutting Social Security benefits. A news release emphasized "AARP has not changed its position on Social Security." In 2005 AARP led the effort to kill President George W. Bush's plan for partial

title: AARP

text: is opposed to President Obama's health care plan, is trying to capitalize on growing public dissatisfaction with the AARP." AARP spokesman Drew Nannis responded that AARP loses about 300,000 members a month on average, and the controversial 60,000 of those that had left had specified leaving over the health care debate. Nannis also stated that the AARP gained 400,000 members and that 1.5 million members renewed their memberships within the same period of time. The American Seniors Association is a for-profit organization operated by the American Seniors Association Holding Group, Inc (ASAHG, Inc). Since March 2012, AARP's "You've Earned a

title: AARP

text: privatization. AARP now has concluded that change is inevitable, and it wants to be at the table to try to minimize the pain. John Rother, AARP's policy chief and a prime mover for the new position, said "The ship was sailing. I wanted to be at the wheel when that happens." AARP declined to join a coalition of about 300 unions, women's groups, and liberal advocacy organizations created to fight Social Security benefit cuts. Rother said, "The coalition's role was to kind of anchor the left, and our role is going to be to actually get something done". In a

title: AARP

text: AARP AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) is a United States-based interest group whose stated mission is "to empower people to choose how they live as they age." According to the organization, it had more than 38 million members as of 2018. AARP was founded in 1958 by Ethel Percy Andrus (a retired educator from California) and Leonard Davis (later the founder of the Colonial Penn Group of insurance companies). The association advocates for social change and provides information, advocacy, and service to its members. It is an important lobbying group in the United States. It updates special

title: AARP

title: AARP

text: health care issues in their campaign targeting the 2008 elections with Divided We Fail. In an editorial in the "Los Angeles Times", critic Dale Van Atta wrote that AARP does unauthorized lobbying for its membership, and lobbies against the best interests of its membership. He says that by lobbying for the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, AARP leaders betrayed the membership. In early 2017, AARP strongly opposed the American Health Care Act of 2017, believing that older Americans would be unfairly burdened with higher premiums and smaller tax credits. Approximately seven million people have AARP-branded health insurance, including

title: USA Next

text: Frank of the American Enterprise Institute called the lawsuit "frivolous" and Walter Olson of the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research and Cato Institute criticized the move as placing them in company with Eliot Spitzer for litigiousness. There are seniors who feel that the AARP has a socially liberal outlook, which is not relevant to their needs as elders and may actively go against their values. Seniors who feel this way find conservative groups like USA Next to be more compatible to themselves. This more socially conservative outlook is buttressed by Charles Jarvis's connections to Focus on the Family. "Information from

title: AARP

text: Republican Senator Alan K. Simpson, then chairman of the United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy, questioning the organization's tax-exempt status in congressional hearings. According to Charles Blahous, the investigations did not reveal sufficient evidence to change the organization's status, though in an interview years later by "The Des Moines Register", Senator Simpson remained "troubled by AARP's practices", calling AARP "the biggest marketing operation in America and money-maker" and an organization whose practices are "the greatest abuse of American generosity I witnessed in my time in the U.S. Senate". The organization was originally named the

title: Social Security debate in the United States

text: 2005, before the State of the Union Address, the AARP ran advertisements attacking the idea. In response, USA Next launched a campaign against AARP. Charlie Jarvis of USA Next stated: "They [AARP] are the boulder in the middle of the highway to personal savings accounts. We will be the dynamite that removes them." The tone of the debate between these two interest groups is merely one example among many of the tone of many of the debates, discussions, columns, advertisements, articles, letters, and white papers that Bush's proposal, to touch the "third rail", has sparked among politicians, pundits, thinktankers, and

title: Alliance for Retired Americans

text: has also clashed with AARP. The Alliance has often said it is not a competitor with AARP; and, that it wishes to work in cooperation with the much larger seniors' group. However, during the 2003 debate over the Medicare prescription drug benefit, the Alliance broke with AARP and publicly criticized AARP's leaders for being out of touch with seniors and caving in to financial incentives (AARP offers a number of health insurance products, some of which might have suffered had a more generous prescription drug benefit been enacted). Membership in the Alliance is defined quite broadly. Members of NCSC were

title: AARP

text: "American Association of Retired Persons", but in 1999 it officially changed its name to "AARP" (pronounced one letter at a time, "ay ay ar pee") to reflect that its focus was no longer American retirees. AARP no longer requires that members be retired, but they must be at least age 50 (although a membership includes free membership for a spouse or partner who may not yet be 50). All people aged 50 and older are eligible for full membership with AARP. For those under the age of 50, AARP offers associate memberships that automatically convert to full membership on the

title: AARP

text: States. The organization also produces radio and television programs and has a book division. "AARP en Español" is the AARP's Spanish-language multimedia platform. Offerings include a Spanish-language website, a Spanish-language YouTube channel, and informational resources. AARP has been active in health care policy debates since the 1960s, and its recent engagement is a reflection of this long-standing involvement. AARP's public stances influenced the United States Congress' passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, which created Medicare Part D, in 2003, and also influenced the Congress by resisting radical changes to Social Security in 2005. AARP also addressed

title: USA Next

text: USA Next from running the ad was granted. While the organization, however, has no age requirement for membership it does openly claim an agenda for reforming/retrenching of the American Social Security entitlement program and strengthening American institutions so they will be able to benefit current and future generations. A recent "opinion poll" on the USA Next web site asked the question, "Did you know that the AARP has taken over $1 billion in taxpayer money over the last 20 years?" The organization has also received criticism from conservatives and libertarians for signing onto a lawsuit against the tobacco industry. Theodore

title: 60 Plus Association

text: citizen health programs, as well as its opposition to the estate tax. The organization bills itself as a conservative alternative to the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). In the 2012 election, the organization ran a $3.5 million ad campaign which falsely claimed that President Obama had proposed rationing and denial of certain Medicare treatments, and that he would cut $500 billion from Medicare. In 2002, the "Washington Post" reported that 60 Plus received an unrestricted educational grant (which can be used as most needed) from the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, also known as PhRMA. Ken Johnson, senior

title: AARP

text: November 2008 editorial, The Des Moines Register and the Canada Free Press called AARP a lobbying group masquerading as a non-profit, meanwhile charging high membership fees and selling expensive private healthcare plans. Criticism has also been leveled at the salaries that AARP staff earn, and the use of first class and business class travel for short trips. According to AARP's 2014 IRS annual return, Chief Executive Officer Addison B. Rand received $1,698,289 of salary and benefits from AARP and its subsidiaries. Board members, officers, and key employees flew first class on flights longer than five hours unless business class was

title: AARP

text: available. The Chief Executive Officer flew first-class on flights longer than 90 minutes. AARP reported that it had spent $8,694,890 on compensation of its officers, directors, and key employees during 2014. Charity Watch rated the AARP Foundation overall at 81.07 out of 100 possible points for fiscal year 2014, but gave the organization a Financial score of 73.53 out of 100 for the same time period. AARP AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) is a United States-based interest group whose stated mission is "to empower people to choose how they live as they age." According to the organization,

title: AARP

text: care reform. According to an Annenberg Public Policy Center report, critics have said AARP had a conflict of interest in supporting the Act, because it "derives income from the sale of health and life insurance policies", by licensing its brand to insurance dealers such as New York Life, and would benefit financially from passage of the legislation. In 2004 "BusinessWeek" said questions have arisen in the past about whether AARP's commercial interests may conflict with those of its membership, and characterizes many of the funds and insurance policies that AARP markets as providing considerably less benefit than seniors could get

title: USA Next

text: in $26.6 million in revenue for 2003 according to the group's IRS form 990. USA Next presents itself as an interest group for senior citizens as an alternative to the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). As a self-described conservative alternative to the AARP USA Next has often received criticism for its political orientation and associations; in particular, to its connections to conservative positions, organizations, businesses, etc. It also receives criticism for certain organizational issues. In February 2003 the rival organization AARP stated that "recently, the U.S. Social Security Administration ordered one of them to halt what it determined to

title: AARP

text: drug coverage and Medigap, as of April 2007 and the association earns more income from selling insurance to members than from membership dues. In 2008, AARP began offering new health insurance products: an HMO for Medicare recipients, in partnership with UnitedHealth Group; and a PPO and "a high-deductible insurance policy that could be used with a health savings account" to people aged 50–64, in partnership with Aetna. While AARP is not an insurer, it allows its name to be used by insurance companies in the sale of products, for which it is paid a commission. Senator Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa),

title: AARP

text: origins. "60 Minutes" reported in a 1978 exposé that AARP had been established as a marketing device by Leonard Davis, founder of the Colonial Penn Group insurance companies, after he met Ethel Percy Andrus. According to critics, until the 1980s AARP was controlled by Davis, who promoted its image as a non-profit advocate of retirees in order to sell insurance to members. Possibly as a result of this report, AARP conducted a competitive bidding process, and, in 1980, shifted the insurance contracts available to members to Prudential Financial. In the 1990s, the United States Senate investigated AARP's non-profit status, with

title: AARP

text: older Americans in critical health, long-term care, consumer and employment situations. Additional programs provide information, education, and services to ensure that people over 50 lead lives of independence, dignity, and purpose. Foundation programs are funded by grants, tax-deductible contributions and AARP. The AARP Foundation's website claims the nonprofit "wants to win back opportunity for those now in crisis, so thousands of vulnerable low-income Americans 50+ can regain their foothold, continue to serve as anchors for their families and communities and ensure that their best life is still within reach." Key areas of focus are hunger, income, housing, and isolation. The

title: AARP

text: money-related information and a "fraudwatch" on its website, to warn people of scams. Its fraudwatch includes write-ups by Frank Abagnale, formerly of the FBI. According to the group's official history, Dr. Ethel Percy Andrus founded AARP in 1958. AARP evolved from the National Retired Teachers Association (NRTA), which Andrus had established in 1947 to promote her philosophy of productive aging, and to promote health insurance for retired teachers. After ten years, she opened the organization to all Americans over 50, creating AARP. Today, the NRTA is a division within AARP. Critics of AARP offer an alternative version of the group's

title: AARP

text: you do have to trust government. The climate we're in right now is a very hostile climate for something like that." Rother also thought that an educational effort on the benefits of single payer would undercut the ACA. AARP has not published any material relating to single-payer health insurance on its website, in its several hundred page policy book, or through its Public Policy Institute. Approximately 60,000 AARP members quit AARP between July 1 and August 18, 2009, in a controversy that arose over AARP's support for U.S. health care reform. FOX News stated, "The Atlanta-based American Seniors Association, which

title: AARP

text: senior Republican on the Senate Finance Committee, said in 2008 that the "limited benefit" insurance plans offered by AARP through UnitedHealth provided inadequate coverage and were marketed deceptively. One plan offered $5,000 for surgery that may cost two or three times that amount. AARP conducts a thriving business in marketing branded Medigap policies. As of October 2009, Medical care reform contained a proposal to trim an associated program Medicare Advantage, which was expected to increase demand for Medigap policies. However, as cited above, AARP also brands a Medicare Advantage plan (MedicareComplete), and would also be subject to cuts under health

title: Graham–Cassidy health care amendment

text: Association, AARP, American Cancer Society, ALS Association, American Diabetes Association, American Heart Association, American Lung Association, Arthritis Foundation, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Family Voices, JDRF, Lutheran Services in America, March of Dimes, National Health Council, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, National Organization for Rare Disorders, Volunteers of America, and WomenHeart. Sampling some of the opposition points, AARP said that the bill was bad for older adults and people with preexisting conditions, that "[the bill] would undermine critical consumer protections, making health insurance coverage unaffordable and denying people with health conditions the care they need" and that older Americans' annual costs could rise

title: AARP

text: the problem of increasing health-care costs. Rather, it allows costs to continue to grow, which will result in unaffordable coverage. John Rother, AARP's former chief lobbyist, said the single-payer model would "disrupt the system that is currently in place" and "require a very significant tax increase." But Rother admitted that it would be possible to design a system that would avoid these problems. Since AARP's priorities now are to protect the current programs and implement the Affordable Care Act, Rother said that any effort to promote single payer would be undercutting health reform. Rother said. "To go to a single-payer

title: Bill Novelli

text: White House, and went from there to take over AARP in 2002. He co-founded the Divided We Fail campaign. When asked by Deborah Solomon, a New York Times reporter, if he was a registered Republican, he answered, "I don't remember. I honestly don't. I may have been a Republican when I was working on the Nixon campaign. In December, 2003, he said, "So far, as many as 15,000 members have canceled their memberships in protest," of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA). The reporter inquired further, "Many Democrats are surprised that you would back a package that

title: Alliance for Retired Americans

text: in the future. The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), founded in 1958, did not have a substantial membership yet. The Democratic National Committee and AFL-CIO then worked together to transform the Kennedy group into the National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC). The new organization was formally announced in July 1961. The United Auto Workers and United Steelworkers pushed their retirees to sign up as members, and both unions as well as the AFL-CIO contributed seed-money to finance the group. Forand, who had retired from office in 1960, became the NCSC's first president and William Hutton, a public relations official

title: AARP

text: grants or private donors, though it receives help from both of these for specific programs. According to its 2015 Consolidated Financial Statement, the largest sources of income were: AARP Services, Inc., founded in 1999, is a wholly owned taxable subsidiary of AARP that manages the range of products and services offered as benefits to members. Its offers include Medicare supplemental insurance; member discounts on rental cars, cruises, vacation packages and lodging; special offers on technology and gifts; pharmacy services; legal services; and long-term care insurance. AARP Services founded AARP Financial Incorporated, a subsidiary that manages AARP-endorsed financial products including AARP

title: AARP

text: Driver Safety, which can be completed in a classroom setting or online, teaches defensive driving techniques and provides "added information on age-related cognitive and physical changes that affect driving." The course is instructed and promoted by volunteers throughout the U.S. In addition to course fees, the program is supported by a grant from the automobile manufacturer, Toyota. Over half million drivers completed the course in 2012 and over 15 million people completed the courses since 1979. "AARP The Magazine" with their approximately 37 million readers and the "AARP Bulletin" with 29.7 million, are the two largest-circulation publications in the United

title: AARP

long_answer: AARP addresses issues affecting older Americans through lobbying efforts at the state and national governmental level, an activity permitted by its 501(c)(4) status. The organization says that it is non-partisan and does not support, oppose or give money to any candidates or political parties. The total revenue for 2006 was approximately $1 billion and it spent $23 million on lobbying. Middle-class security has been a major focus for the organization in recent years. AARP also provides extensive consumer information, volunteer opportunities, and events including the annual National Event & Expo (2013 in Las Vegas from May 30–June 1 and in Atlanta from October 3–5).