question: where did the allies go after north africa

answers: Italy

answers: the Italian Campaign

title: North African Campaign

text: the Italian-German "Panzer" Army near the Mareth Line and came under command of General Harold Alexander's 18th Army Group for the concluding phase of the war in North Africa, the Tunisia Campaign. Operation Torch started on 8 November 1942, and finished on 11 November. In an attempt to pincer German and Italian forces, Allied forces (American and British Commonwealth), landed in Vichy-held French North Africa under the assumption that there would be little to no resistance. Nevertheless, Vichy French forces put up a strong and bloody resistance to the Allies in Oran and Morocco, but not in Algiers, where a

title: World War II

text: up shortly after by Anglo-American landings in French North Africa, which resulted in the region joining the Allies. Hitler responded to the French colony's defection by ordering the occupation of Vichy France; although Vichy forces did not resist this violation of the armistice, they managed to scuttle their fleet to prevent its capture by German forces. The Axis forces in Africa withdrew into Tunisia, which was conquered by the Allies in May 1943. In June 1943 the British and Americans began a strategic bombing campaign against Germany with a goal to disrupt the war economy, reduce morale, and "de-house" the

title: Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II

text: in the North African Campaign. It ended the Axis threat to Egypt, the Suez Canal, and of gaining access to the Middle Eastern and Persian oil fields via North Africa. As the Eighth Army pushed west across the desert, capturing Libya, German forces occupied southern France and landed in Tunisia. On 8 November, Allied forces launched Operation Torch landing in various places across French North Africa. In December 1942, after a 101-day British blockade, French Somaliland fell to the Allies. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, the United States joined the war. On 8 November

title: North African Campaign

text: invasion of Sicily followed two months later. Nearly 400,000 Axis and Allied troops were either lost, injured, or died of disease by the end of the North African Campaign. North African Campaign The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), as well as Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign). The campaign was fought between the Allies, many of whom had colonial interests in

title: North African Campaign

text: Information gleaned via British Ultra code-breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally.

title: North African Campaign

text: North African Campaign The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), as well as Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign). The campaign was fought between the Allies, many of whom had colonial interests in Africa dating from the late 19th century, and the Axis Powers. The Allied war effort was dominated by the British Commonwealth and exiles from German-occupied Europe. The United States

title: North African Campaign

text: ninety minutes before the Italians, cutting off their retreat. Although desperate attempts were made to overcome the British force at the Battle of Beda Fomm, the Italians were unable to break through, and the remnants of the retreating army surrendered. Thus, over the course of 10 weeks Allied forces had destroyed the Italian Tenth Army and reached El Agheila, taking 130,000 prisoners of war in the process. Mussolini requested help from his German ally while the Italian Commando Supremo speedily sent several large motorized and armoured forces to protect their colonies in North Africa. This greatly expanded reinforcement included the

title: Operation Animals

text: to deceive the Axis powers into believing that the Allied invasion of southern Europe would be in Greece and not Sicily. In late 1942, with on-going Allied success in the North African Campaign, the thoughts of the military planners turned to the next target. British planners considered that an invasion of France from Britain could not take place until 1944, and the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, wanted to use the Allied forces from North Africa to attack Europe's "soft underbelly". There were two possible targets for the Allies to attack. The first option was Sicily; control of the island would

title: North African Campaign

text: Torch) in North-West Africa in November 1942, and subsequent battles against Vichy France forces (who then changed sides), the Allies encircled several hundred thousand German and Italian personnel in northern Tunisia and finally forced their surrender in May 1943. Operation Torch in November 1942 was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to engage in the fight against Nazi Germany on a limited scale. In addition, as Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, had long been pleading for a second front to be opened

title: World War II

text: Atlantic coast. By November 1941, Commonwealth forces had launched a counter-offensive, Operation Crusader, in North Africa, and reclaimed all the gains the Germans and Italians had made. In North Africa, the Germans launched an offensive in January, pushing the British back to positions at the Gazala Line by early February, followed by a temporary lull in combat which Germany used to prepare for their upcoming offensives. Concerns the Japanese might use bases in Vichy-held Madagascar caused the British to invade the island in early May 1942. An Axis offensive in Libya forced an Allied retreat deep inside Egypt until Axis

title: Foreign relations of Vichy France

text: Europe as soon as possible (Operation Sledgehammer), the British commanders believed that such a move would end in disaster. An attack on French North Africa was proposed instead. This would clear the Axis Powers from North Africa, improve naval control of the Mediterranean Sea, and prepare an invasion of Southern Europe in 1943. American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt suspected the operation in North Africa would rule out an invasion of Europe in 1943 but agreed to support British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. By the time the Tunisia Campaign was fought, the Vichy French forces in North Africa were on the

text: farther north, German interests were exclusive. Allied forces were placed under the command of a Supreme Allied Commander AFHQ Mediterranean, General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Axis forces were caught between the Allied armies during the Tunisia Campaign but managed to delay the Allied advance by defensive operations, most notably with the Battle of the Kasserine Pass and a temporary defensive success at the Battle of the Mareth Line. After shattering the Axis defence on the Mareth Line, the Allies squeezed Axis forces into a pocket around Tunis. Axis resistance in Africa ended on 13 May 1943, with the unconditional surrender of

title: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text: Eastern Europe, while supporters argue that there was little more that Roosevelt could have done for the Eastern European countries given the Soviet occupation and the need for cooperation with the Soviet Union during and after the war. The Allies invaded French North Africa in November 1942, securing the surrender of Vichy French forces within days of landing. At the January 1943 Casablanca Conference, the Allies agreed to defeat Axis forces in North Africa and then launch an invasion of Sicily, with an attack on France to take place in 1944. At the conference, Roosevelt also announced that he would

title: Operation Mincemeat

text: As part of his duties, Montagu had been briefed on the need for deception operations to aid the Allied war aims in a forthcoming invasion operation in the Mediterranean. In late 1942, with the Allied success in the North African Campaign, military planners turned to the next target. British planners considered that an invasion of France from Britain could not take place until 1944 and the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, wanted to use the Allied forces from North Africa to attack Europe's "soft underbelly". There were two possible targets for the Allies to attack. The first option was Sicily; control

title: World War II

text: persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa. At the Casablanca Conference in early 1943, the Allies reiterated the statements issued in the 1942 Declaration by the United Nations, and demanded the unconditional surrender of their enemies. The British and Americans agreed to continue to press the initiative in the Mediterranean by invading Sicily to fully secure the Mediterranean supply routes. Although the British argued for further operations in the Balkans to bring Turkey into the war, in May 1943, the Americans extracted

text: 1942, American forces entered combat in the Mediterranean and Middle East, which "transformed the Mediterranean from a British to an Allied theater of war", "succeeding operations in the Mediterranean area proved far more extensive than intended. One undertaking was to lead to the next". After liberating French North Africa and clearing the enemy from the Italian colonies, the Allies sought to bring the entire French empire effectively into the war against the Axis powers. They reopened the Mediterranean route to the Middle East. They went on from Africa to liberate Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. They caused Mussolini to topple from

title: North African Campaign

text: 6th Armoured Division, 1st Parachute Brigade, No. 6 Commando and elements of US 1st Armored Division. But by this time, one German and five Italian divisions had been shipped from Europe and the remoteness of Allied airfields from the front line gave the Axis clear air superiority over the battlefield. The Allies were halted and pushed back having advanced eastwards to within of Tunis. During the winter, there followed a period of stalemate during which time both sides continued to build up their forces. By the new year, the British First Army had one British, one US and one French

title: Operation Turkey Buzzard

text: British airborne operations that followed, many becoming casualties of the weather conditions or anti-aircraft gunfire. By December 1942, with Allied forces advancing through Tunisia, the North African campaign was coming to a close; victory in North Africa being imminent, discussions began between the Allies over what their next objective should be. Many Americans argued for an immediate invasion of France, while the British believed that it should be the island of Sardinia, as did General Dwight D. Eisenhower. In January 1943 the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and the President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, met at the Casablanca

title: History of Africa

text: surrounded by Allied possessions, Italian East Africa was conquered by mainly British and South African forces in 1941. In North Africa, the Italians soon requested help from the Germans who sent a substantial force under General Rommel. With German help, the Axis forces regained the upper hand but were unable to break through British defenses in two tries at El Alamein. In late 1942, Allied forces, mainly Americans and Canadians, invaded French North Africa in Operation Torch, where Vichy French forces initially surprised them with their resistance but were convinced to stop fighting after three days. The second front relieved

title: Ferdinand Feichtner

text: Abteilung 350 procedures, subsequently the German High Command was completely taken by surprise by the bulk of the Allies Mediterranean theatre buildup and subsequent landing in French North Africa on 7 November 1942, that was known by the allies as Operation Torch. Not until the Tunisian Campaign was well under way did W-Leit 2 at Taormina pull itself together and contribute to the general effort by intercepting air support messages. It is worth noting that General Albert Praun, who was chief Signals of the Wehrmacht thought that the Allied Invasion of French North Africa was not detected due to radio

title: North African Campaign

text: the Mareth Line in late March and First Army in central Tunisia launched their main offensive in mid-April to squeeze the Axis forces until their resistance in Africa collapsed. The Axis forces surrendered on 13 May 1943 yielding over 275,000 prisoners of war. The last Axis force to surrender in North Africa was the 1st Italian Army. This huge loss of experienced troops greatly reduced the military capacity of the Axis powers, although the largest percentage of Axis troops escaped Tunisia. This defeat in Africa led to all Italian colonies in Africa being captured. The Axis had considerable success in

title: North African Campaign

text: French administration. During Operation "Torch", American, Vichy French and German navy vessels fought the Naval Battle of Casablanca, ending in an American victory. The Allied landings prompted the Axis occupation of Vichy France (Case Anton). In addition, the French fleet was captured at Toulon by the Italians, something which did them little good as the main portion of the fleet had been scuttled to prevent their use by the Axis. The Vichy army in North Africa joined the Allies (see Free French Forces). Following the Operation "Torch" landings, (from early November 1942), the Germans and Italians initiated a buildup of

title: Battle of Bir Hakeim

text: Egypt, slowed by British delaying actions until the First Battle of El Alamein in July, where the Axis advance was stopped. Both sides used the battle for propaganda, Winston Churchill renamed the Free French as the Fighting French and Hitler called the French the second best fighters after the Germans. At the beginning of 1942, after its defeat in western Cyrenaica during , the Eighth Army (Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie) faced the Axis troops in Libya roughly west of the port of Tobruk, along a line running from the coast at Gazala, southwards for about . Both sides accumulated supplies for

title: Africa Star

text: recipients of campaign stars also received the War Medal. Between 10 June 1940 and 12 May 1943 British forces fought in North Africa against the Germans and Italians, who had control of large areas of Egypt, Libya and Tunisia and therefore threatened the Suez Canal and the approaching sea lanes. During the desert conflict the balance of power alternated between the two sides, until the remaining German forces surrendered at Tunis on 12 May 1943. Some historians consider the victory over the German forces in North Africa to have been the turning point in the war which led to the

title: Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt

text: they saw as relatively unimportant to the overall war. Roosevelt overrode their objections, as he wanted the U.S. commit ground forces in the European theater, in 1942, and with British cooperation. The Allies invaded French North Africa in November 1942, securing the quick surrender of local Vichy French forces. That surrender was arranged through a deal between General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the supreme commander of the Allied invasion of North Africa, and Vichy Admiral François Darlan. The cooperation with Darlan allowed the Allies to quickly gain control of much of North Africa, but it also alienated Free French leader Charles

title: Vichy France

text: to the Allied side, joining the Free French Forces. In North Africa, after the 8 November 1942 putsch by the French resistance, most Vichy figures were arrested, including General Alphonse Juin, chief commander in North Africa, and Admiral François Darlan. However, Darlan was released, and U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower finally accepted his self-nomination as High Commissioner of North Africa and French West Africa ("Afrique occidentale française", AOF), a move that enraged de Gaulle, who refused to recognise Darlan's status. After Darlan signed an armistice with the Allies and took power in North Africa, Germany violated the 1940 armistice with

title: Operation Flax

text: British 8th Army advancing westward after the victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein, would trap and destroy the remaining Axis forces in North Africa. In response to the crisis, and the poor state of Axis forces, reinforcements for the German "Afrika Korps", Italian Army and "Luftwaffe" were dispatched by sea and air. These reinforcements duly staved off an immediate defeat in Tunisia, the last region still in Axis hands. The poor state of the roads and rail lines in Algeria meant that Allied forces faced difficult logistic challenges which enabled the Axis to prolong a defence. The inexperience

title: North African Campaign

text: entire Eighth Army, but he was killed when his aircraft was intercepted and shot down over Egypt. He was replaced by Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery. At the end of June, the Axis forces made a second attempt to break through the Allied defences at El Alamein at Alam Halfa, but were unsuccessful. After a lengthy period of build-up and training, the Eighth Army launched a major offensive, decisively defeating the Italian-German army during the Second Battle of El Alamein in late October 1942, driving the Axis forces westward and capturing Tripoli in mid-January 1943. By February, the Eighth Army was facing

title: North African Campaign

text: Italian 10th Army was destroyed and the German "Afrika Korps"—commanded by Erwin Rommel, who later became known as "The Desert Fox"—was dispatched to North Africa in February 1941 during Operation "Sonnenblume" to reinforce Italian forces in order to prevent a complete Axis defeat. A fluctuating series of battles for control of Libya and regions of Egypt followed, reaching a climax in the Second Battle of El Alamein in October 1942 when British Commonwealth forces under the command of Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery inflicted a decisive defeat on Rommel's Afrika Korps and forced its remnants into Tunisia. After the Anglo-American landings (Operation

title: Free France

text: Koenig". Even Hitler was impressed, announcing to the journalist Lutz Koch, recently returned from Bir Hakeim: From 23 October to 4 November 1942, Allied forces under general Bernard Montgomery, including the FFF, won the Second battle of El Alamein, driving Rommel's Afrika Korps out of Egypt and back into Libya. This was the first major success of an Allied army against the Axis powers, and marked a key turning point in the war. Soon afterwards in November 1942, the Allies launched operation "Torch" in the west, an invasion of Vichy-controlled French North Africa. An Anglo-American force of 63,000 men landed

title: North African Campaign

short_answers:
Italy
the Italian Campaign


question: who sings i feel love with the blue man group

answers: Annette Strean

answers: Annette

answers: Venus Hum

title: I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)

text: I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song) ""I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)"" is a song written by Ike Turner, produced by Ike & Tina Turner and recorded and released as a single by Ike & Tina's backing trio, The Ikettes. Recorded in 1961, it became a hit for the Ikettes in 1962. "Billboard" named the song #63 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. Like most of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue's music during this time, it was recorded while the group was on the road. By 1961, the formerly known Artettes had been singing with

title: Blue Man Group

text: programme of prize giving to the Singapore Artiste. Blue Man Group performed on the t.v. show, Scrubs, season 6, episode 1. Blue Man Group Blue Man Group is a performance art company formed in 1987, known worldwide for its various stage productions which typically incorporate many different categories of music and art, both popular and obscure, in their performances. Blue Man Group currently has continuing theatrical productions in Berlin, Boston, Chicago, Las Vegas, New York City, and Orlando. A typical Blue Man production employs 7-9 full time Blue Men who are selected through an audition process. In addition to the

title: Bob Blue

text: Bob Blue Bob Blue (July 31, 1948 – March 17, 2006), a native of Huntington, NY and a resident of Massachusetts, was a teacher and songwriter. His most well-known song, "The Ballad of Erica Levine", was occasionally performed by Mary Travers of Peter, Paul and Mary. Bob was a member of the band "The Nice Jewish Boys" and one of the founders of the Children's Music Network. There is a photo of Bob and a recording of Bob in the Children's Music Network Blog at http://www.cmnonline.org/magic-penny/2004-bob-blue.htm Songs that Bob wrote include "I Did It Their Way", which is a parody

title: Ein Lied kann eine Brücke sein

text: Madeline Bell of Blue Mink and the duo Sue and Sunny. Although not German speakers, the trio nevertheless sang the backing which included the last chorus performed in English. Sue and Sunny had been in the original line up of Brotherhood of Man (although they had left the group long before the band entered and won Eurovision in 1976) and had backed Lulu in Madrid on "Boom Bang-a-Bang" when she won the contest in 1969. They would return to provide backing at the next Swedish based contest, in Gothenburg 1985, backing Vikki Watson's "Love Is" for the UK. Sue Glover

title: Venus Hum

text: Their first full-length album, titled Venus Hum, was released in 2001. Big Beautiful Sky was released two years later. Also in 2003, Venus Hum toured with and opened for Blue Man Group, with Annette providing vocals on "I Feel Love".

title: Blue Magic (band)

text: company to create a new band. A short time later the group Shades of Love, featuring Keith Beaton, Richard Pratt, Vernon Sawyer and his brother Wendell, came in to audition. (According to Marc Taylor in his book 'A Touch of Classic Soul of the Early 1970s',[1] "although the group performed admirably, they lacked a standout lead singer".) The execs decided to replace the Toppicks, the act Mills recorded with. They inserted Shades of Love (which they owned contractually) with Ted Mills and retitled the group Blue Magic. They were signed with Atco Records through WMOT in the same year. The

title: Live Tour 2007: Black Cherry

text: "Black Cherry" tour was of a sea captain (Kumi) and her crew (the female dancers) being on a voyage to obtain a key from a captain of a different pirate ship. The key opens a treasure chest, which is what her crew tries to locate throughout the concert. During the tour, she performed "I Feel Love" with Blue Man Group. The song is a cover of Donna Summer's 1977 song of the same name. Kumi performed the song with Blue Man Group again during their "The Complex Rock Tour Live" tour in Tokyo in summer of 2007. "Live Tour 2007

title: Man of Colours

text: joined by Robert Kretschmer (guitars), Andy Qunta (keyboards, piano), Simon Lloyd (reeds, brass, keyboards, programming), Stephen Morgan (bass guitar) and Paul Wheeler (drums, percussion) in recording the album from February 1987. It was the first Australian album to supply five top 30 hit singles "Crazy" (#4 in July), "Electric Blue" (co-written by Davies and John Oates of US band Hall & Oates) (#1, October), "My Obsession" (#12, December), "Man of Colours" (#28, February 1988) and "Nothing Too Serious" (#29, May 1988). With US chart success for "Crazy", which reached #14 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and #10 on its Mainstream

title: Another Sunny Day

text: Another Sunny Day album, "London Weekend". Williams then joined Blueboy, before recording under his own name, and later went on to collaborate on several records by other groups including The Field Mice (for whom he became a permanent member) and The Hit Parade. Harvey Williams was working at the BBC in 2002, while also a member of Trembling Blue Stars. Cherry Red Records re-issued the "London Weekend" album in August 2009; This release included six additional tracks: "Genetic Engineering", "Kilburn Towers", "It's OK If You Don't Love Me", "The Boy From St Ives", "I'm In Love With A Girl Who

title: Cindy Birdsong

text: being initially impressed with the looks of Patsy Holt before Holt and the group sang to him during an audition, which prompted Robinson to change his mind, signing the group and changing the name of both the group (into The Blue Belles, based from a Newtown subsidiary, Blue Belle Records) and Holt's own name, from Patsy Holt to Patti LaBelle. The group had their first hit with "I Sold My Heart to the Junkman" in 1962 though LaBelle wrote in her memoirs that the song was actually recorded by The Starlets. When the controversy over the song wound down, the

title: Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans

text: touring version of the Coasters, which featured original bass singer Bobby Nunn. Sheen had previously been a member of the Robins, joining in 1957. Love recorded a few solo hits, but, more memorably, was the lead vocalist on at least two hit records by the Crystals. It is also established that Sheen, Love, and James (with the rest of the Blossoms) were the voices on the Crystals' hits "He's a Rebel" and "He's Sure the Boy I Love". Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans was an early 1960s vocal group produced by

title: Man of Colours

text: Man of Colours Man of Colours is Australian rock/synthpop band Icehouse's best-selling album, which was released locally on 21 September 1987 on Regular Records / Chrysalis Records. The album peaked at #1 on the Australian album charts for 11 weeks from 5 October 1987 and has sold over 700,000 copies. "Electric Blue" was their only Australian #1 single, the release of the album and its five singles marked the zenith of Icehouse's commercial success, both locally and internationally. Several other songs from the album also charted well. Founding Icehouse member Iva Davies (vocals, guitars, keyboards, Fairlight CMI, Cor Anglais) was

title: Man! I Feel Like a Woman!

text: 1994, while composing songs for what would become her second studio album "The Woman in Me", Lange played to Twain a riff he had been working on and Twain sang lyrics for what would become "Man! I Feel Like a Woman!". Speaking of the writing of the song, she stated "There was no time to waste on ideas that wouldn't make the album, but something like [the song] was just there. I was inspired right off the bat with that one, for example, by a riff Mutt had going, and the lyrics and phrasing just came out of the blue."

title: Blue Man Group

text: Blue Man Group Blue Man Group is a performance art company formed in 1987, known worldwide for its various stage productions which typically incorporate many different categories of music and art, both popular and obscure, in their performances. Blue Man Group currently has continuing theatrical productions in Berlin, Boston, Chicago, Las Vegas, New York City, and Orlando. A typical Blue Man production employs 7-9 full time Blue Men who are selected through an audition process. In addition to the stage theatre show, Blue Man Group has had multiple national and global tours, appeared on various TV programs as both characters

title: Man! I Feel Like a Woman!

text: Man! I Feel Like a Woman! "Man! I Feel Like a Woman!" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain taken from her third studio album, "Come On Over" (1997). Written by Twain with her longtime collaborator and then-husband Robert John "Mutt" Lange, who also produced the track, the song was released first to North American country radio stations in March 1999 as the seventh single from the album, and later it was released worldwide in September 1999. "Man! I Feel Like a Woman!" is a country pop song with lyrics about female empowerment. The song received generally favorable

title: Electric Blue (song)

text: album "Man of Colours" on Regular Records in Australia, and, with a slightly different cover, on Chrysalis Records for European and North American releases. It is played regularly on Australian radio stations and remains one of their most popular songs according to listeners of Triple M in 2007. John Oates became involved with Davies after contacting him to state he was a fan. The resulting collaboration produced this song and Oates has stated that if Davies had not released the song under the Icehouse name then it would have been a Hall and Oates track. In Australia, "Electric Blue" was

title: Priscilla Wright (singer)

text: Following this she spent 14 years singing with the Ontario group Moxie Whitney, and sang with The National Press and Allied Jazz. In 1991, she signed to Attic Records after a hiatus and released the album "When You Love Somebody". In 1993 she was nominated for a Juno Award for Most Promising Artist. Priscilla Wright (singer) Priscilla Wright (born August 14, 1940 in London, Ontario) is a Canadian singer, most famous for the song "The Man in the Raincoat", which she first released in 1955, and re-recorded in 1988. Wright's father was choir conductor and composer Don Wright, and her

title: Claudine Longet

text: Alan Gordon), and "Love is Blue", a 1967 Eurovision Song Contest entry that gained fourth place (music by André Popp and French lyrics by Pierre Cour [Pierre Lemaire]). Another song, "Wanderlove" (music and lyrics by Mason Williams), went to #7 on the singles charts in Singapore and still occasionally gets airplay on Asian radio. She remains popular in Japan, where all of her original albums were reissued on compact disc. Longet and Williams met in Las Vegas in 1960 while she was dancing lead in the "Folies Bergère" revue at the Tropicana Resort & Casino. Longet was having trouble with

title: The Chaperones

text: "Blueberry Sweet" backed with "Man From the Moon". After "The Chaperones last Josie recording, Tommy Ronca left for Las Vegas, where he performed and produced shows for many years. In 1980, Danny Cositore, 1st tenor/2nd tenor joined the group and remained till January 1988. While with the group, they cut a record on the Tabor label, "I Dream" and a newer rendition of "Pizza Pie" Danny moved to Sarasota, Florida and started an acappella singing group, NYCD in 1995 which continued for over a decade. In early 1988 Johnny Contino, 2nd tenor and Al Williams first tenor. joined the group.

title: Kyla

text: is written by Janno Gibbs and ""Feel So Good"" by Rhada. There are a couple of reunions in "I Will Be There", as well. First is with Mr. Pure Energy Gary Valenciano as they do a duet with ""Sana Maulit Muli"". After their performance at the MTV Awards, Blue collaborated with Kyla on "Flexin'". In 2003, she performed with British boy band Blue at the MTV Asia Awards in Singapore singing their hit single "One Love". Irish singer Ronan Keating of the Boyzone performed with Kyla at the Araneta Coliseum on 13 February 2003. On 29 November 2003, Kyla reunited

title: Love Like a Man

text: Love Like a Man "Love Like a Man" is a song and hit single by British blues rock group Ten Years After, first released in 1970 and taken from their album "Cricklewood Green". The single is the group's only hit in the UK Singles Chart. Written by the group's lead vocalist Alvin Lee and produced by the group, it was the band's fourth single. The song entered the UK charts at #48 in June 1970 and reached #10 in August finally leaving the chart in October 1970. Unusually, the A-side of this single is to be played at 45 rpm

title: I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)

text: news of his song being sampled, Ike Turner re-recorded the song with Joe Louis Walker that same year. "I'm Blue" is featured on the soundtrack of the 1988 film "Hairspray" and appears in "Kill Bill Volume 1", where it is performed by The 5.6.7.8's. I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song) ""I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)"" is a song written by Ike Turner, produced by Ike & Tina Turner and recorded and released as a single by Ike & Tina's backing trio, The Ikettes. Recorded in 1961, it became a hit for the Ikettes in 1962. "Billboard" named the song #63 on

title: I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)

text: Ike and Tina Turner for over a year, having been involved since the first Ike & Tina hit, "A Fool in Love". To bide time in the studio, Ike Turner wrote a song custom-made for the girl group. Tina Turner herself was involved in the recording, helping to arrange the vocals and could be heard singing along in the background. Ike Turner credited the song's production to him and Tina. Since Ike & Tina recorded for Sue Records, Ike Turner decided to distribute the record to another company, agreeing to sign an advance to Atlantic Records' Atco subsidiary in late

title: Carina Lemoine

text: Carina Lemoine Carina Lemoine (born 1969, Helmond, Netherlands) is a Dutch pop female singer. She was a member of the girl group Luv' from 1990 to 1992. She scored with the female formation a minor hit song: He's My Guy. After Luv' disbanded in 1992, she formed with Diana van Berlo the short-lived girl duo Lady's D.C. She later went solo. Carina started her career as a singer when she was eight years old. She was discovered by the producers of BZN and Saskia & Serge. As a teenager, she recorded some singles: "I love disco" (at age 12), "O

title: Chris Blue

text: on NBC, he sang "The Tracks of My Tears" from The Miracles and was the last competitor to perform in the Blind Auditions on episode 7 of the auditions. Alicia Keys was the only judge left with a place in her team and she chose Blue. Blue became part of Team Alicia by default. He won the title for the season against Blake Shelton's finalist Lauren Duski who finished as runner-up. "The Voice" performances Blue met his English fiancée Stephanie Dunkley in 2014. Releases from "The Voice" Chris Blue Chris Blue (born January 15, 1990) is an American singer. He

title: Kiss and Say Goodbye

text: with his group. The Manhattans lead singer Gerald Alston is featured in the song starting to sing after Lovett's spoken introduction. The original demo of the song was recorded with The Manhattans backing band, "Little Harlem." After hearing a tape of the recording, producer/arranger Bobby Martin decided to re-record the song with MFSB at Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia. Recorded in early 1975, Columbia Records officials withheld releasing the song until 14 months later. Winfred "Blue" Lovett had his concerns over when the record came out as well as the record itself. "I was critical, a perfectionist in the studio,

title: I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)

text: 1961 for the song. Released in early 1962, the song became a national hit reaching number nineteen on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number three on the R&B chart becoming the third hit single associated with the Ike & Tina Turner Revue and the only major hit of the original Ikettes' tenure. The song would later be covered by The Spencer Davis Group, The Newbeats on their debut album "Bread & Butter", Sylvie Vartan (called "Gong Gong" and recorded in French), and The Shangri-Las and would famously be sampled by Salt-n-Pepa on their 1993 hit, "Shoop". Upon hearing of the

title: Electric Blue (song)

text: "Crazy". She is best known for her leading roles in "", "The Diamond of Jeru", "A Will of Their Own" and "Anna Karenina". Electric Blue (song) "Electric Blue" is a 1987 hit single by the Australian rock / synthpop band Icehouse and was co-written by Iva Davies of Icehouse and John Oates of the U.S. band Hall & Oates. The single reached number one on the Australian singles chart on 16 November 1987, #7 on the American "Billboard" Hot 100 singles chart on 21 May 1988, #10 on the Canadian Singles Chart, #53 on the UK singles charts, and #4

title: Blue (English band)

text: in January 2011 and represented the United Kingdom at the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest in Düsseldorf with the song "I Can", coming in 11th place with 100 points. Blue released their fourth studio album, "Roulette" on 25 January 2013 with "Hurt Lovers" as the lead single. The following month, it was confirmed that the group would be joining "The Big Reunion", in which six groups from the past (including Liberty X, Atomic Kitten and 5ive) reform for a one-off gig. From May 2013, the group toured the UK and Ireland with the other groups in The Big Reunion concert series.

title: Dante Thomas

text: number 85 in the US on the "Billboard" Hot 100. In 2012, he released his album "Hardcore on Videotape" and has an international single hit "Feeling So Blue" with Michael Mind Project, being a retake on Eiffel 65 1999 hit "Blue (Da Ba Dee)". The single "Feeling So Blue" has charted in Austria, France, Germany and Switzerland. Dante Thomas Dante Thomas (born January 7, 1978) is an American R&B singer and musician, who experienced major international success in 2001 with his song, "Miss California". He was born to an opera singer in Salt Lake City, Utah. Dante lives in Saarland.

title: Venus Hum

short_answers:
Annette
Venus Hum


question: what was the meaning of the song puff the magic dragon

answers: the hardships of growing older

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: song with Mike Mitchell as director. The song was adapted for a children's pantomime, which played at Sydney's Seymour Centre in 1983. A 2007 book adaptation of the song's lyrics by Yarrow, Lipton, and illustrator Eric Puybaret gives the story a happier ending with a young girl (presumed by reviewers to be Jackie Paper's daughter) seeking out Puff to become her new companion. The lyrics remain unchanged from the Peter Paul and Mary version; the young girl is only seen in the pictures by illustrator Puybaret. On the last page of the book, she is introduced to Puff by an

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: Puff, the Magic Dragon "Puff, the Magic Dragon" (or "Puff") is a song written by Leonard Lipton and Peter Yarrow, and made popular by Yarrow's group Peter, Paul and Mary in a 1962 recording released in January 1963. Lipton wrote a poem in 1959; Yarrow found it and wrote the lyrics based on the poem. After the song was released, Yarrow searched for Lipton and gave him half-credit for the song. The lyrics for "Puff, the Magic Dragon" are based on a 1959 poem by Leonard Lipton, then a 19-year-old Cornell University student. Lipton was inspired by an Ogden Nash

title: Puff the Magic Dragon (film)

text: Puff the Magic Dragon (film) Puff the Magic Dragon is a 30-minute animated television special based on the song of the same name by Peter, Paul and Mary. This film is produced by Fred Wolf Films. The title character was voiced by Burgess Meredith. The doctors were voiced by Frank Nelson, Regis Cordic, and Charles Woolf. The special first aired October 30, 1978 on CBS. The film begins with Puff's narration about a little boy named Jackie Draper, who is filled with so much self-doubt and fear that he has stopped talking altogether. His parents are so concerned that they

title: Puff the Magic Dragon (film)

text: story. The film was followed by two made-for-TV sequels. Puff the Magic Dragon (film) Puff the Magic Dragon is a 30-minute animated television special based on the song of the same name by Peter, Paul and Mary. This film is produced by Fred Wolf Films. The title character was voiced by Burgess Meredith. The doctors were voiced by Frank Nelson, Regis Cordic, and Charles Woolf. The special first aired October 30, 1978 on CBS. The film begins with Puff's narration about a little boy named Jackie Draper, who is filled with so much self-doubt and fear that he has stopped

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: The authors of the song have repeatedly rejected this interpretation and have strongly and consistently denied that they intended any references to drug use. Leonard Lipton has stated "Puff the Magic Dragon is not about drugs." Peter Yarrow has frequently explained that the song is about the hardships of growing older and has no relationship to drug-taking.  He has also said of the song that it "never had any meaning other than the obvious one" and is about the "loss of innocence in children", and dismissed the suggestion of association with drugs as "sloppy research".

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: incorporated into the song. In it, Puff found another child and played with him after returning. Neither Yarrow nor Lipton remembers the verse in any detail, and the paper that was left in Yarrow's typewriter in 1958 has since been lost. After the song's initial success, speculation arose — as early as a 1964 article in "Newsweek" — that the song contained veiled references to smoking marijuana. The word "paper" in the name of Puff's human friend (Jackie Paper) was said to be a reference to rolling papers, and the word "dragon" was interpreted as "draggin'," i.e. inhaling smoke; similarly,

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: Musk, founder of SpaceX, said his Dragon spacecraft was named after "Puff the Magic Dragon". The Orlando Magic mascot is named "Stuff the Magic Dragon". Puff, the Magic Dragon "Puff, the Magic Dragon" (or "Puff") is a song written by Leonard Lipton and Peter Yarrow, and made popular by Yarrow's group Peter, Paul and Mary in a 1962 recording released in January 1963. Lipton wrote a poem in 1959; Yarrow found it and wrote the lyrics based on the poem. After the song was released, Yarrow searched for Lipton and gave him half-credit for the song. The lyrics for "Puff,

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: poem titled "Custard the Dragon", about a "realio, trulio little pet dragon". The lyrics tell a story of the ageless dragon Puff and his playmate, Jackie Paper, a little boy who grows up and loses interest in the imaginary adventures of childhood and leaves Puff to be with himself. (The line "A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys" is generally thought to imply only that "little Jackie Paper" grew up.) The story of the song takes place "by the sea" in the fictional land of "Honalee". Lipton was friends with Peter Yarrow's housemate when they were all students

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: older Jackie Paper. The tune was used in the promotional LP "Push the Magic Button" for the track with the same name by Versatec, a computer printer company In the mid 1970s an American Jewish band named Ruach created a parody version of the song entitled "Puff the Kosher Dragon". In the course of the song, Kosher Puff eats kosher food, has a Bar Mitzvah, fights anti-semites and finally marries and brings up his children as loyal members of the faith. The Ruach song has been noted as one of the first examples of a modern Jewish band using a

title: Puff the Magic Dragon (film)

text: They then return Honalee to its happy glory by singing. Once this is done, Puff and Jackie go back to Jackie's room and return Jackie to his body. Puff tells Jackie that thanks to his creativity he is now a brave boy and leaves, saying he will return to visit. Jackie's parents come into the room to find Jackie happy and talking again. They then hug Jackie and express their love for him. The film ends with Puff asking the audience if they just saw a dragon walk by, similar to what he asked Jackie at the beginning of the

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: to drug-taking. He has also said of the song that it "never had any meaning other than the obvious one" and is about the "loss of innocence in children", and dismissed the suggestion of association with drugs as "sloppy research". In 1973, Yarrow's bandmate Paul Stookey of Peter, Paul and Mary also upheld the song's innocence. He recorded a version of the song at the Sydney Opera House in March 1973, in which he set up a fictitious trial scene. The Prosecutor accused the song of being about marijuana, but Puff and Jackie protested. The judge finally left the case

title: Puff the Magic Dragon (film)

text: being a pirate. Jackie prompts him to make this change, and Very Long expresses his gratitude to Jackie and Puff. They continue their journey until they reach the starless sky, where jealous clouds block out the brightness of the stars. One of the stars falls, and Puff instructs Jackie to take the small star to the sky with the boat, which Puff gives butterfly wings. In order for the ship to fly, Puff has to get out of the boat, leaving Jackie alone to face his fears. Jackie then returns the star to the sky, brightening the sky. Puff rewards

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: racism… Puff, himself, if asked, would certainly agree." During the Vietnam War the AC-47 Spooky gunship was nicknamed the "Dragon" or "Dragon ship" by the Americans because of its armament and firepower—the nickname soon caught on, and one website without primary citations indicates that the American troops began to call the AC-47 "Puff the Magic Dragon". Robert Mason's "Chickenhawk" states, in reference to the Peter, Paul and Mary song playing on a turntable: ""Puff the Magic Dragon" was making me uncomfortable. It was the saccharine song that had inspired the naming of the murderous Gatling-gun-armed C-47s. I couldn’t listen." Elon

title: Puff the Magic Dragon (film)

text: have three doctors examine him, and they say it is hopeless and that little Jackie will never talk again. Jackie returns to his room, where he sits until Puff comes to his bedroom window and starts a conversation with him. Puff invites himself in, talks to Jackie about inner happiness, and pulls a long sheet of paper out of a magic bag. He cuts the paper into a paper doll shaped like Jackie and dubs it Jackie Paper. He explains that Jackie Paper can do anything and then asks if he can put his happiness into it. After he does

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: popular secular tune. Both tune and elements of the lyrics were adapted in the controversial parody "Barack the Magic Negro", written and recorded by Paul Shanklin for Rush Limbaugh's radio program, after the term was first applied to then presidential candidate Obama by movie and culture critic, David Ehrenstein, in a "Los Angeles Times" op ed column of March 19, 2007. Yarrow condemned the act as "shocking and saddening in the extreme," stating that "taking a children's song and twisting it in such vulgar, mean-spirited way, is a slur to our entire country and our common agreement to move beyond

title: Puff and the Incredible Mr. Nobody

text: Puff and the Incredible Mr. Nobody Puff and the Incredible Mr. Nobody is a 30-minute animated television film loosely based on the song "Puff, the Magic Dragon" by Leonard Lipton and Peter Yarrow. This film is produced by Fred Wolf Films. The title character was voiced by Burgess Meredith, and the film also featured the voice of David Mendenhall. The special first aired May 17, 1982 on CBS. This was the last "Puff the Magic Dragon" special. Puff finds a young boy named Terry who has an overactive imagination, and who therefore has trouble making friends with other children, instead

title: Lenny Lipton

text: loved. Lipton now urges schools to be more "accepting of eccentric people with a different point of view because we are the people who make the difference." Lipton was 19 when he wrote the poem that was adapted into the lyrics for the 1963 song "Puff the Magic Dragon", performed by Peter Paul and Mary. His inspiration was a 1936 Ogden Nash poem, "A Tale of Custard the Dragon". "Pirates and dragons, back then, were common interests in stories for boys," Lipton said. "The Puff story is really just a lot like Peter Pan.” Lipton has spent years denying that

text: responsible for her parents' divorce. At that statement, the natives chortle with delight at what Puff explains is a self-deceptive lie and makes her realize that she had nothing to do with her parents' break-up and they still love her. At this liberating truth, Puff and Sandy are freed, bring the walls of the cavern down with their celebratory song and return to the real world. At that, Puff prepares to leave, but not before suggesting to Sandy she can see him again in spirit by using her vibrant imagination in more constructive ways like writing fiction. Sandy immediately takes

title: Peter, Paul and Mary

text: It remained a main catalog-seller for decades to come, eventually selling over two million copies, earning double platinum certification from the RIAA in the United States alone. In 1963 the group released "Puff, the Magic Dragon", with music by Yarrow and words based on a poem that had been written by a fellow student at Cornell, Leonard Lipton. Despite rumors that the song refers to drugs, it is actually about the lost innocence of childhood. That year the group performed "If I Had a Hammer" and "Blowin' in the Wind" at the 1963 March on Washington, best remembered for the

text: Puff the Magic Dragon in the Land of the Living Lies Puff the Magic Dragon in the Land of the Living Lies is a 30-minute animated television film that first aired November 17, 1979 on CBS. It is a sequel to the 1978 film "Puff the Magic Dragon". This film is produced by Fred Wolf Films. The title character is voiced by Burgess Meredith. The film begins with Puff acting out the lies of a girl named Sandy, who has developed a persistent habit of making up absurd lies on most occasions, and shows how this has alienated most of

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: to the jury (the Opera House audience) and said if they will sing along with the song, it would be acquitted. The audience joined in with Stookey, and at the end of their sing-along, the judge declared: "case dismissed." A 1978 animated television special, "Puff the Magic Dragon", adapted the song. It was followed by two sequels, "Puff the Magic Dragon in the Land of the Living Lies" and "Puff and the Incredible Mr. Nobody". In all three films Burgess Meredith voiced Puff. In December 2016, it was announced that Fox Animation will produce a live-action/animation film based on the

title: Puff the Magic Dragon (film)

text: so, the paper doll version of Jackie comes to life, and Puff then begins to make plans to go to Honalee, which is located by the sea. Jackie admits he is afraid. Puff then helps Jackie make a boat using things in Jackie's room, such as string, sealing wax, and the frame of his bed. They set out onto the ocean, where they meet a boat filled with kings and princes in the shape of cards. Afterward Jackie says he was afraid of pirates after hearing about them. They then run into Very Long, a giant pirate who takes them

title: Puff Dragon

text: to slow things down, Good created Puff Dragon. The idea was to create relaxing music for comfortable environments - fusing fat beats with dusty, loungy atmospheres, and natural tribal and ethnic textures. The first full length Puff Dragon album - "Sazanami" - was released on Dakini Records in November 2005. Puff Dragon Puff Dragon is a downtempo and ambient music project by Steve Good. Originally from Wales, Steve moved to Japan in 1995, where he currently lives. Steve's other projects include Double Dragon (psychedelic progressive trance music), as well as two full-length albums: Continuum on London's Phantasm Records (2000), Transparent

text: that advice after reconciling with her parents and begins her first story, which Puff confidently notes is sure to be a classic. The film was followed by the made-for-TV sequel "Puff and the Incredible Mr. Nobody" (1982). Puff the Magic Dragon in the Land of the Living Lies Puff the Magic Dragon in the Land of the Living Lies is a 30-minute animated television film that first aired November 17, 1979 on CBS. It is a sequel to the 1978 film "Puff the Magic Dragon". This film is produced by Fred Wolf Films. The title character is voiced by Burgess

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon

text: at Cornell. He used Yarrow's typewriter to get the poem out of his head. He then forgot about it until years later, when a friend called and told him Yarrow was looking for him, to give him credit for the lyrics. On making contact Yarrow gave Lipton half the songwriting credit, and he still gets royalties from the song. In an effort to be gender-neutral, Yarrow now sings the line "A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys" as "A dragon lives forever, but not so girls and boys." The original poem also had a stanza that was not

text: her friends and leaving only her dog as a companion. Puff moves to intervene when she causes a household accident and falsely blames her innocent dog who is sent away as punishment. The dragon meets Sandy and forcibly takes her to the Land of Living Lies, leaving her claiming that she preferred to be there anyway because her house is "broken." Once there, she encounters famous liars like The Boy who Cried Wolf, and Baron Munchausen and various representations of metaphors of imagination. Along the way, Puff explains to Sandy the difference between purposefully deceptive lies and the harmless description

title: Puff the Magic Dragon (film)

text: Jackie with a medal for bravery. Eventually they reach Honalee, which, instead of a paradise, turns out to be a gloomy place. This is revealed to be the work of living sneezes that out of depression made the place gloomy to fit their mood. Puff then orders Jackie to leave, as this is no place for him. After that Puff sadly walks to his cave, realizing he wasn't brave enough to defeat the sneezes. He is then reunited with Jackie, who returns with Very Long and his chicken soup to cure the living sneezes of their colds, making them happy.

title: Puff the Magic Dragon (film)

text: to his island. While they await their fate, Puff says that Very Long will not be scary if they get to know him. They then view his inner desire with Puff's magic smoke rings which have the power to reveal hidden things. It reveals that Very Long secretly wishes to be a baker. Jackie then goes and asks Very Long if he can make pies, which Jackie doubts Long could. After baking dozens of pies, Very Long expresses that he always wanted to be a baker, but never believed he could do it and was afraid he couldn't change from

title: Puff Dragon

text: Puff Dragon Puff Dragon is a downtempo and ambient music project by Steve Good. Originally from Wales, Steve moved to Japan in 1995, where he currently lives. Steve's other projects include Double Dragon (psychedelic progressive trance music), as well as two full-length albums: Continuum on London's Phantasm Records (2000), Transparent on Hamburg's Plusquam Records (2002,) and many compilation tracks on trance labels such as Iboga, Spiral Trax International, and Flow. The Double Dragon sound was well received by the global trance party scene, and Steve has played live and DJ sets on five continents. Around 2003, with a conscious effort

title: Tom Glazer

text: recorded for Kapp Records with the Do-Re-Mi Children's Chorus. The song was later included on an LP record that also included such numbers as one of the first cover versions of "Puff, the Magic Dragon", as well as "Battle Hymn of the Children" and other children's songs. Glazer was to become ambivalent towards his creation. He was to fantasize that "I'm standing in line before the Pearly Gates in the musicians' line, in which I stand last. When I'm asked what have I done in music and I say I wrote 'On Top of Spaghetti', I'm told, "Sorry, buster, you

title: Puff, the Magic Dragon


question: the type of display that google glass presents to its users is called what

answers: head-up display

answers: optical head-mounted display

answers: Prism projector

title: Google Glass

text: be released in the US for companies such as Boeing.. Google Glass Enterprise Edition has already been successfully used by Dr. Ned Sahin to help children with autism learn social skills. Google Glass applications are free applications built by third-party developers. Glass also uses many existing Google applications, such as Google Now, Google Maps, Google+, and Gmail. Many developers and companies have built applications for Glass, including news apps, facial recognition, exercise, photo manipulation, translation, and sharing to social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter. Third-party applications announced at South by Southwest (SXSW) include Evernote, Skitch, "The New York Times",

title: Google Glass

text: Other than the touchpad, Google Glass can be controlled using just "voice actions". To activate Glass, wearers tilt their heads 30° upward (which can be altered for preference) or simply tap the touchpad, and say "O.K., Glass." Once Glass is activated, wearers can say an action, such as "Take a picture", "Record a video", "Hangout with [person/Google+ circle]", "Google 'What year was Wikipedia founded?'", "Give me directions to the Eiffel Tower", and "Send a message to John" (many of these commands can be seen in a product video released in February 2013). For search results that are read back to

title: X (company)

text: Glass is a research and development program by Google to develop an augmented reality head-mounted display (HMD). The intended purpose of Project Glass products would be the hands-free displaying of information currently available to most smartphone users, and allowing for interaction with the Internet via natural language voice commands. One Google Glass costs $1500. Makani is a current project that was acquired by X in May 2013 designed to produce wind energy using kites. The T-shaped planes are 85 feet wide and contain 8 turbines tethered to the ground. Compared to wind turbines, Makani's kites require 90% less material. In

title: Glass OS

text: Glass OS Glass OS (Google XE) is a version of Google's Android operating system designed for Google Glass. "glass-omap" Tag is used in referring to the modified Android code which can be found inside Kernel Repository. The following list shows the main changes happened for each update release. For more detailed release notes visit the support website. Initial release. XE5 updates included: XE6 updates include: Glass updates by itself automatically over the air. Glass will check Google servers periodically for updates. When an update is available, Glass will download it to the device and will install the update all by

title: Google Glass

text: The Google Glass prototype resembled standard eyeglasses with the lens replaced by a head-up display.  In mid-2011, Google engineered a prototype that weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg); by 2013 they were lighter than the average pair of sunglasses.

title: Google Glass

text: eyewear company Luxottica, owners of the Ray-Ban, Oakley, and other brands, to offer additional frame designs. In June 2014, Nepal government adopted Google Glass for tackling poachers of wild animals and herbs of Chitwan International Park and other parks listed under World heritage sites. In January 2015, Google ended the beta period of Glass (the "Google Glass Explorer" program). In early 2013, interested potential Glass users were invited to use a Twitter message, with hashtag #IfIHadGlass, to qualify as an early user of the product. The qualifiers, dubbed "Glass Explorers" and numbering 8,000 individuals, were notified in March 2013, and

title: Optical head-mounted display

text: Google Glass or other similar device if it offers a service that piques their interest. Business Insider's BI Intelligence expects an annual sales of 21 million Google Glass units by 2018. According to reliable reports, Samsung and Microsoft are expected to develop their own version of Google Glass within six months with a price range of $200 to $500. Samsung has reportedly bought lenses from Lumus, a company based in Israel. Another source says Microsoft is negotiating with Vuzix. In 2006, Apple filed patent for its own HMD device. In July 2013, APX Labs founder and CEO Brian Ballard stated

title: Google Glass

text: Glass of Glassware and APKs, was noted. Version XE8 made a debut for Google Glass on August 12, 2013. It brings an integrated video player with playback controls, the ability to post an update to Path, and lets users save notes to Evernote. Several other minute improvements include volume controls, improved voice recognition, and several new Google Now cards. On November 19, 2013, Google unveiled its Glass Development Kit, showcasing a translation tool Word Lens, a cooking program AllTheCooks, and an exercise program Strava among others as successful examples. Google announced three news programs in May 2014 – TripIt, FourSquare

title: Google Glass

text: and OpenTable – in order to entice travelers. On June 25, 2014, Google announced that notifications from Android Wear would be sent to Glass. The European University Press published the first book to be read with Google Glass on October 8, 2014, as introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair. The book can be read as a normal paper book or – enriched with multimedia elements – with Google Glass, Kindle, on Smartphone and Pads on the platforms iOS and Android. Google offers a companion Android and iOS app called MyGlass, which allows the user to configure and manage the device.

title: Wearable computer

text: or other networks. The wearable brick was quietly pulled from the market in 2005, while the screen evolved to a thin client touchscreen used with a handstrap. Google has announced that it has been working on a head-mounted display-based wearable "augmented reality" device called Google Glass. An early version of the device was available to the US public from April 2013 until January 2015. Despite ending sales of the device through their Explorer Program, Google has stated that they plan to continue developing the technology. LG and iriver produce earbud wearables measuring heart rate and other biometrics, as well as

title: Google Glass

text: log, having students watch the procedures and tele-consultation through Hangout. Engelen documented his findings in blogs, videos, pictures, on Twitter, and on Google+, with research ongoing as of that date. In June 2014, Google Glass' ability to acquire images of a patient's retina ("Glass Fundoscopy") was publicly demonstrated for the first time at the Wilmer Clinical Meeting at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine by Dr. Aaron Wang and Dr. Allen Eghrari. This technique was featured on the cover of the Journal for Mobile Technology in Medicine for January 2015. Doctors Phil Haslam and Sebastian Mafeld demonstrated the first application

title: Google Glass

text: were later invited to pay $1,500 and visit a Google office in Los Angeles, New York or San Francisco, to pick up their unit following "fitting" and training from Google Glass guides. On May 13, 2014, Google announced a move to a "more open beta", via its Google Plus page. In February 2015, "The New York Times" reported that Google Glass was being redesigned by former Apple executive Tony Fadell, and that it would not be released until he deemed it to be "perfect". In July 2017 it was announced that the second iteration, the Google Glass Enterprise Edition, would

title: Google Glass

text: and Path. On March 23, 2013, Google released the Mirror API, allowing developers to start making apps for Glass. In the terms of service, it was stated that developers may not put ads in their apps or charge fees; a Google representative told The Verge that this might change in the future. On May 16, 2013, Google announced the release of seven new programs, including reminders from Evernote, fashion news from "Elle", and news alerts from CNN. Following Google's XE7 Glass Explorer Edition update in early July 2013, evidence of a "Glass Boutique", a store that will allow synchronization to

title: Google Glass

text: platform is a MOOC that allows students to join any operating theater thanks to Google Glass worn by surgeon. Also in July 2014, This Place released an app, MindRDR, to connect Glass to a Neurosky EEG monitor to allow people to take photos and share them to Twitter or Facebook using brain signals. It is hoped this will allow people with severe physical disabilities to engage with social media. In Australia, during January 2014, Melbourne tech startup Small World Social collaborated with the Australian Breastfeeding Association to create the first hands-free breastfeeding Google Glass application for new mothers. The application,

title: Smartglasses

text: mounted display." In an interview, Howell stated, "The primary thing is a safety concern, it [the glass headset] could project text or video into your field of vision. I think there's a lot of potential for distraction." In October 2013, a driver in California was ticketed for "driving with monitor visible to driver (Google Glass)" after being pulled over for speeding by a San Diego Police Department officer. The driver was reportedly the first to be ticketed for driving while wearing a Google Glass. While the judge noted that 'Google Glass fell under "the purview and intent" of the ban

title: Optical head-mounted display

text: half the price. The prototype carries a 640×480-pixel resolution, but the final version will have a 720p display. Images appear translucent, making them easy to see through. It will be offered in two versions – monocular and binocular – while the Google Glass only offers a monocular version. Among Oculon's features will be speech recognition, gesture control and the ability to connect to a Bluetooth control pad for navigation. The company expects to go into mass production of the Oculon by late 2013 and is hoping to hit an MSRP of $500. As an OEM, Oculon will not release the

title: Smartglasses

text: to the Miami Design District for the public debut. Over 1500 people used Google Glass to experience Datuna's American flag from his "Viewpoint of Billions" series. After negative public reaction, the retail availability of Google Glass ended in January 2015, and the company moved to focus on business customers in 2017. The EyeTap's functionality and minimalist appearance have been compared to Steve Mann's EyeTap, also known as "Glass" or "Digital Eye Glass", although Google Glass is a "Generation-1 Glass" compared to EyeTap, which is a "Generation-4 Glass". According to Mann, both devices affect both privacy and secrecy by introducing a

title: Google Glass

text: they were lighter than the average pair of sunglasses. In April 2013, the Explorer Edition was made available to Google I/O developers in the United States for $1,500. The product was publicly announced in April 2012. Sergey Brin wore a prototype of the Glass to an April 5, 2012, Foundation Fighting Blindness event in San Francisco. In May 2012, Google demonstrated for the first time how Google Glass could be used to shoot videos. Google provided four prescription frame choices for $225 and free with the purchase of any new Glass unit. Google entered in a partnership with the Italian

title: Google Glass

text: mid-2015. In July 2013, Lucien Engelen commenced research on the usability and impact of Google Glass in the health care field. As of August 2013, Engelen, based at Singularity University and in Europe at Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, was the first healthcare professional in Europe to participate in the Glass Explorer program. His research on Google Glass (starting August 9, 2013) was conducted in operating rooms, ambulances, a trauma helicopter, general practice, and home care as well as the use in public transportation for visually or physically impaired. Research included taking pictures, videos streaming to other locations, dictating operative

title: Magic Leap

text: Magic Leap, concluded that the company appears to aim at building "a Google Glass on steroids that can seamlessly blend computer-generated graphics with the real world". It has also been compared to Microsoft HoloLens. Before Magic Leap, a head-mounted display using light field had been demonstrated by Nvidia in 2013, and the MIT Media Lab has also constructed a 3D display using "compressed light fields"; however, Magic Leap asserts that it achieves better resolution with a new proprietary technique that projects an image directly onto the user's retina. According to a researcher who studied the company's patents, Magic Leap is

title: Google Glass

text: person and the Glass wearer, such as mutual friends and interests. Also created was Winky, a program that allows a Google Glass user to take a photo with a wink of an eye, while Marc Rogers, a principal security researcher at Lookout, discovered that Glass can be hijacked if a user could be tricked into taking a picture of a malicious QR code, demonstrating the potential to be used as a weapon in cyberwarfare. In February 2013, a Google+ user noticed legal issues with Glass and posted in the Glass Explorers community about the issues, stating that the device may

title: Google Glass

text: but did not eliminate distracting cognitive demands. A potential passive cost to drivers merely wearing the Glass was also observed. Messaging using either device impaired driving as compared to driving without multi-tasking. In February 2014, a woman wearing Google Glass claimed she was verbally and physically assaulted at a bar in San Francisco after a patron confronted her while she was showing off the device, allegedly leading a man accompanying her to physically retaliate. Witnesses suggested that patrons were upset over the possibility of being recorded. Under the Google Glass terms of service for the Glass Explorer pre-public release program,

title: Google Glass

text: in a professional concert. In the fall of 2014, The University of Southern California conducted a course called "Glass Journalism," which explored the device's application in journalism. The WWF as of mid-2014 used Google Glass and UAVs to track various animals and birds in the jungle, which may be the first use of the device by a non-profit, Non-governmental Organization (NGO). In 2014, the International Olympic Committee Young Reporters program took Google Glass to the Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games and put them on a number of athletes from different disciplines to explore novel point of view filmmaking. A visually

title: See-through display

text: See-through display A see-through display is an electronic display that allows the user to see what is shown on the glass screen while still being able to see through it. It is a technology that has been around for a decade or two, but only as of 2012 was it being incorporated by companies such as Samsung, Planar Systems, and taptl into consumer products like handheld devices, televisions, and other technology as well as building materials such as glass. These screens can be used for augmented reality, a way of enhancing your view of the world with digital images overlaid

title: Smartglasses

text: the device is stolen or lost, an issue that was raised by a US congressional committee. As part of its response to the governmental committee, Google stated in early July that is working on a locking system and raised awareness of the ability of users to remotely reset Google Glass from the web interface in the event of loss. Several facilities have banned the use of Google Glass before its release to the general public, citing concerns over potential privacy-violating capabilities. Other facilities, such as Las Vegas casinos, banned Google Glass, citing their desire to comply with Nevada state law

title: Google Glass

text: also warned Glass wearers to watch out for muggers and street robbers. Lisa A. Goldstein, a freelance journalist who was born deaf, tested the product on behalf of people with disabilities and published a review on August 6, 2013. In her review, Goldstein states that Google Glass does not accommodate hearing aids and is not suitable for people who cannot understand speech. Goldstein also explained the limited options for customer support, as telephone contact was her only means of communication. Several facilities have banned the use of Google Glass before its release to the general public, citing concerns over potential

title: Google Glass

text: impaired dancer, Benjamin Yonattan, used Google Glass to overcome his chronic vision condition. In 2015, Yonattan performed on the reality television program "America's Got Talent". Concerns have been raised by various sources regarding the intrusion of privacy, and the etiquette and ethics of using the device in public and recording people without their permission. Google co-founder, Sergey Brin, claims that Glass could be seen as a way to become even more isolated in public, but the intent was quite the opposite: Brin views checking social media as a constant "nervous tic," which is why Glass can notify the user of

title: Google Glass

text: wearing a Google Glass. While the judge noted that "Google Glass fell under 'the purview and intent' of the ban on driving with a monitor", the case was thrown out of court due to lack of proof the device was on at the time. In November 2014, Sawyer et al., from the University of Central Florida and the US Air Force Research Laboratory, published the results of comparative study in a driving simulator. Subjects were asked to use either Google Glass or a smartphone-based messaging interface and were then interrupted with an emergency event. The Glass-delivered messages served to moderate

title: Google Glass

text: of Google Glass in the field of interventional radiology. They demonstrated how Google Glass could assist a liver biopsy and fistulaplasty, and the pair stated that Google Glass has the potential to improve patient safety, operator comfort, and procedure efficiency in the field of interventional radiology. On June 20, 2013, Rafael J. Grossmann, a Venezuelan doctor practicing in the U.S., was the first surgeon to demonstrate the use of Google Glass during a live surgical procedure. In August 2013, Google Glass was used at Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University. Surgeon Dr. Christopher Kaeding used Google Glass to consult

title: Smartglasses

text: Other concerns have been raised regarding legality of Google Glass in a number of countries, particularly in Russia, Ukraine, and other post-USSR countries. In February 2013, a Google+ user noticed legal issues with Google Glass and posted in the Google Glass community about the issues, stating that the device may be illegal to use according to the current legislation in Russia and Ukraine, which prohibits use of spy gadgets that can record video, audio or take photographs in an inconspicuous manner. Concerns were also raised in regard to the privacy and security of Google Glass users in the event that

title: Google Glass


question: who won the battle of the first battle of bull run

answers: Confederate victory

answers: Confederate forces

answers: Confederate

title: William Pittenger (soldier)

text: William Pittenger (soldier) William Pittenger (January 31, 1840 Knoxville, Jefferson County, Ohio – April 24, 1904 Fallbrook, California) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He was one of the first recipients of the Medal of Honor. The son of Thomas and Mary Mills Pittenger, Pittenger studied in the county schools until the age of sixteen. On the outbreak of the Civil War, he enlisted as a private in Company H of the 2nd Ohio Infantry Regiment on April 17, 1861, for three months of service, during which time he participated in the First Battle of Bull

title: Irvin McDowell

text: Irvin McDowell Irvin McDowell (October 15, 1818 – May 4, 1885) was a career American army officer. He is best known for his defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run, the first large-scale battle of the American Civil War. In 1862, he was given command of the I Corps of the Army of the Potomac. He fought unsuccessfully against Stonewall Jackson's troops during the Valley Campaign of 1862, and was blamed for contributing to the defeat of United States troops at the Second Battle of Bull Run in August. McDowell was born in Columbus, Ohio, son of Abram Irvin

title: 79th New York Volunteer Infantry

text: the highest Union casualties at First Bull Run (referred to by the Confederates as First Manassas) although, to begin with, it appeared that they would miss the action. As Confederates fled from the initial Union attack and withdrew up the hill past the Henry House, Private Todd stepped out of line calling to Colonel Sherman, "Give us a chance at 'em before they get away". His sergeant, a British Army veteran, dragged him back into line, growling "shut up your damned head - you'll get plenty of chance before the day is over". Sherman, in obedience to orders, committed his

title: McLean House (Appomattox, Virginia)

text: in 1863. It had formerly been a tavern (not to be confused with the nearby Clover Hill Tavern, which Raine had previously owned). One of the first battles of the American Civil War took place on the farm of Wilmer McLean at Bull Run, Virginia, the First Battle of Bull Run (First Battle of Manassas). Soon after that battle the McLeans, seeking to avoid the war, moved to the village of Clover Hill, Virginia (the name of which was changed to "Appomattox Court House," having just become the county seat). Because of the name of the village, many mistakenly think

title: First Battle of Bull Run

text: The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces.

title: John F. Reynolds

text: return, Reynolds was given command of the Pennsylvania Reserves Division, whose commander, McCall, had been captured just two days after Reynolds. The V Corps joined the Army of Virginia, under Maj. Gen. John Pope, at Manassas. On the second day of the Second Battle of Bull Run, while most of the Union Army was retreating, Reynolds led his men in a last-ditch stand on Henry House Hill, site of the great Union debacle at First Bull Run the previous year. Waving the flag of the 2nd Reserves regiment, he yelled, "Now boys, give them the steel, charge bayonets, double quick!"

title: John F. Hartranft

text: which he had helped develop. On August 26, 1886 Hartranft was awarded the Medal of Honor for valor during the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861. John Hartranft died in Norristown and was buried in Montgomery Cemetery in West Norriton Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, near Norristown. The Pennsylvania National Guard later provided an obelisk for his grave. He was succeeded as commander of the Pennsylvania National Guard Division by George R. Snowden. An equestrian statue was installed next to the Pennsylvania Capitol Building in Harrisburg honors Hartranft. Camp No. 15 of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil

title: 1st Kentucky Infantry

text: with Joe Johnston's Army of the Shenandoah to join Beauregard's Army of the Potomac at Manassas Junction, but arrived the day following the First Battle of Bull Run under the command of Major Thomas Claiborne. With Duncan, who submitted his resignation on August 13, gone, the two battalions merged. In August a third battalion of three companies, then around New Port News, Va., and augmented by a company of Kentuckians from the 1st Louisiana, were ordered by Richmond to join with the six companies then at Manassas Junction. Lieut. Col. Thomas Hart Taylor was assigned to command of the regiment

title: Samuel Nicholl Benjamin

text: the First Battle of Bull Run, the Peninsular Campaign, the Northern Virginia Campaign, the Maryland Campaign, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Vicksburg Campaign, the East Tennessee Campaign, and the Overland Campaign, including both the Battle of the Wilderness and the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. Following the Civil War, he served at West Point and in the Adjutant General Corps. He received his Medal of Honor on June 11, 1877 for his service from Bull Run to Spotsylvania, Va. over the period from July 1861 to May 1864. The citation stated: "Particularly distinguished services as an artillery officer." His rank

title: Louis Wagner (American general)

text: to the rank of captain of Company D and was wounded in action at the Second Battle of Bull Run and captured, but paroled and recovered in hospital at Alexandria, Virginia; for his distinguished service during the battle, he was promoted to major of the regiment. Wagner was wounded in action again at the Battle of Chancellorsville and returned to Philadelphia where he was recovering but deemed unfit for service in the field. During his recovery, Wagner was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and he volunteered for the command of Camp William Penn, the first United States Army training camp for

title: First Battle of Bull Run

text: Bluff led to the establishment of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, a congressional body created to investigate Northern military affairs. Concerning the Battle of First Bull Run, the committee listened to testimony from a variety of witnesses connected with McDowell's army. Although the committee's report concluded that the principal cause of defeat was Patterson's failure to prevent Johnston from reinforcing Beauregard, Patterson's enlistment had expired a few days after the battle, and he was no longer in the service. The Northern public clamored for another scapegoat, and McDowell bore the chief blame. On 25 July 1861,

title: Second Battle of Bull Run

text: McLean's brigade of Ohioans arrived on the scene, but was assailed on three sides by the brigades of Law, Wilcox, and Evans, and soon joined the survivors of Hardin's brigade in a disorganized mob on Henry House Hill. The first two Union brigades to arrive were from Ricketts's division, commanded by Brig. Gen. Zealous B. Tower and Col. Fletcher Webster, temporarily commanding Col. John Stiles' brigade. James Ricketts had been at the same battlefield a year earlier, at First Bull Run, where he had commanded a regular gun battery and had been captured at the fight for Henry Hill. Tower's

title: Second Battle of Bull Run

text: was criticized for his performance during the battle and the postbellum advocates of the Lost Cause claimed that his slowness, reluctance to attack, and disobedience to Gen. Lee on August 29 were a harbinger of his controversial performance to come on July 2, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg. Lee's biographer, Douglas Southall Freeman, wrote: "The seeds of much of the disaster at Gettysburg were sown in that instant—when Lee yielded to Longstreet and Longstreet discovered that he would." Part of the site of the battle is now Manassas National Battlefield Park. Located north of Manassas, in Prince William County,

title: First Battle of Bull Run

text: spanning Cub Run Creek and incited panic in McDowell's force. As the soldiers streamed uncontrollably toward Centreville, discarding their arms and equipment, McDowell ordered Col. Dixon S. Miles's division to act as a rear guard, but it was impossible to rally the army short of Washington. In the disorder that followed, hundreds of Union troops were taken prisoner. Wagons and artillery were abandoned, including the 30-pounder Parrott rifle, which had opened the battle with such fanfare. Expecting an easy Union victory, the wealthy elite of nearby Washington, including congressmen and their families, had come to picnic and watch the battle.

title: Charles Saalmann

text: D. On August 22, the 75th Pennsylvania participated in a skirmish at Freeman's Ford on the Rappahannock River. The regiment's former commander, Henry Bohlen, who had by then been promoted to Brigadier General, was killed during this fighting. On the first day of the Second Battle of Bull Run, August 29, the 75th Pennsylvania was involved in an intense firefight centered around an unfinished railroad embankment. During this fighting, Captain Roderick Theune, Saalmann's immediate commander, and Captain Schwartz, Saalmann’s former commander, were both seriously wounded. During day two of Second Bull Run the 75th Pennsylvania seized and held the crest

title: Battle of Chantilly

text: the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 30, Union Maj. Gen. John Pope ordered his Army of Virginia to retreat to Centreville. The movement began after dark, with Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell's III Corps providing cover. The army crossed Bull Run and the last troops across, Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel's I Corps, destroyed Stone Bridge behind them. Gen. Robert E. Lee decided not to press the advantage gained that day, largely because he knew his Army of Northern Virginia was exhausted from two weeks of nearly constant marching and nearly three days of battle, so the Union retreat went

title: First Battle of Bull Run

text: be longer and more brutal than they had imagined. On July 22 President Lincoln signed a bill that provided for the enlistment of another 500,000 men for up to three years of service. On July 25, eleven thousand Pennsylvanians who had earlier been rejected by the U.S. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, for federal service in either Patterson's or McDowell's command arrived in Washington, D.C., and were finally accepted. Three months after First Bull Run Union forces suffered another, smaller defeat at the Battle of Ball's Bluff, near Leesburg, Virginia. The perceived military incompetence at First Bull Run and Ball's

title: John Wainwright (soldier)

text: First Battle of Bull Run on July 21. After completing his Three Months' Service, he honorably mustered out on July 26, and returned home to Pennsylvania. Wainwright then promptly re-enlisted. After re-enrolling for Civil War military service at West Chester on September 23, 1861, he then officially mustered in there as second sergeant with Company F of the 97th Pennsylvania Infantry. Military records at the time described him as being a 28-year-old coach painter residing in West Chester, who was 5'7" tall with light hair, grey eyes and a light complexion. Promoted to first sergeant on October 3, 1861, he

title: 5th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment

text: Freeman's Ford, Hazel River, August 22. Johnson's Ford August 22. Waterloo Bridge August 24–25. Gainesville August 28. Groveton August 29. During the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 30, the regiment was sent by Gen. Milroy to link up with an Ohio infantry regiment to try to provide support for other units attempting to hold Gen. Stonewall Jackson's line at the unfinished railroad tracks just down from Henry Hill. The units became lost and ended up right in the middle of Jackson's line. After a short skirmish, the 5th West Virginia pulled back to regroup. Eventually they were directed

title: Battle of Harpers Ferry

text: McClellan could relieve it. Halleck had probably expected its commander, Col. Dixon S. Miles, to show some military knowledge and courage. Miles was a 38-year veteran of the U.S. Army and the Mexican–American War, but who had been disgraced after the First Battle of Bull Run when a court of inquiry held that he had been drunk during the battle. Miles swore off liquor and was sent to the supposedly quiet post at Harpers Ferry. His garrison comprised 14,000 men, many inexperienced, including 2,500 who had been forced out of Martinsburg by the approach of Jackson's men on September 11.

title: Wilmer McLean

text: Wilmer McLean Wilmer McLean (May 3, 1814 – June 5, 1882) was an American wholesale grocer from Virginia. His house near Manassas, Virginia, was involved in the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861. After the battle he moved to Appomattox, Virginia, to escape the war thinking that it would be safe. Instead, in 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in McLean's house in Appomattox. His houses were, therefore, involved in one of the first and one of the last encounters of the American Civil War. He lived in his house with his wife, Virginia. The

title: First Battle of Bull Run

text: division, or Army of the Shenandoah (C. S. A.), for June 30, 1861." Aggregate present for duty. On the morning of July 21, 1861, McDowell sent the divisions of Hunter and Heintzelman (about 12,000 men) from Centreville at 2:30 a.m., marching southwest on the Warrenton Turnpike and then turning northwest toward Sudley Springs. Tyler's division (about 8,000) marched directly toward the Stone Bridge. The inexperienced units immediately developed logistical problems. Tyler's division blocked the advance of the main flanking column on the turnpike. The later units found the approach roads to Sudley Springs were inadequate, little more than a cart

title: First Battle of Bull Run

text: just arrived from Johnston's headquarters at the M. Lewis Farm, "Portici". Fortunately for the Confederates, McDowell did not press his advantage and attempt to seize the strategic ground immediately, choosing to bombard the hill with the batteries of Capts. James B. Ricketts (Battery I, 1st U.S. Artillery) and Charles Griffin (Battery D, 5th U.S.) from Dogan's Ridge. Brig. Gen Thomas J. Jackson's Virginia Brigade came up in support of the disorganized Confederates around noon, accompanied by Col. Wade Hampton and his Hampton's Legion, and Col. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry. The Hampton Legion, some 600 men strong, managed to buy Jackson time

title: First Battle of Bull Run

text: he was relieved of army command and replaced by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, who would soon be named general-in-chief of all the Union armies. McDowell was also present to bear significant blame for the defeat of Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia thirteen months later, at the Second Battle of Bull Run. The reaction in the Confederacy was more muted. There was little public celebration as the Southerners realized that despite their victory, the greater battles that would inevitably come would mean greater losses for their side as well.

title: Jacob Eugene Duryée

text: Virginia in time to take part in the Second Battle of Bull Run and the subsequent Maryland Campaign under Major General George B. McClellan. At the Battle of Antietam, Duryée stalwartly led his regiment from the front as the men tried to take the infamous Burnside's Bridge over Antietam Creek in the face of withering fire from Georgia regiments on the hills on the opposite bank. He continued to lead and encourage them as they took increasing casualties but finally the regiment had to break off their attack after 44 per cent of the men in the regiment had become

title: Adolph von Steinwehr

text: he commanded at the First Battle of Bull Run. The regiment was in reserve during the battle, but served an important screening role during the Union retreat. He was promoted to brigadier general on October 12, 1861, and commanded the 2nd Brigade of Louis Blenker's division of the Army of the Potomac. This brigade was moved into Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont's Mountain Department on April 1, 1862, and it fought in the Valley Campaign against Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. Fremont's command was expanded into an army corps, which was soon commanded by Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, another

title: Silas Titus

text: of the Washington camp to Fort Albany, Virginia where it stayed until July 1861 when it advanced on the enemy at the First Battle of Bull Run at Manassas. The 12th New York took light casualties in the battle including the first man killed in action in the Army of the Potomac. After the battle the regiment retreated to Washington with the rest of the Union army to regroup. Soon after Bull Run, Titus was made Adjutant of General John J. Peck's staff a position he held until the Battle of Seven Pines in June 1862. In July 1862 Titus

title: William H. Withington

text: awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at the First Battle of Bull Run where he remained on the field and took command from his wounded superior officer, Orlando B. Willcox, until he too was wounded and eventually captured. William H. Withington died at Jackson, Michigan, June 27, 1903. He was buried at Mount Evergreen Cemetery, Jackson, Michigan. William H. Withington William Herbert Withington (February 1, 1835 – June 27, 1903) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. William H. Withington was born at Dorchester, Massachusetts on February 1, 1835. He moved to Michigan and became

title: John Adair McDowell (colonel)

text: John Adair McDowell (colonel) John Adair McDowell (1825–1887) was an American military officer and engineer who served as the first colonel of the 6th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. He was a younger brother of Irvin McDowell, the general best remembered for the First Battle of Bull Run, the first large Civil War battle. He was also the son of Abram Irvin McDowell, a former mayor of Columbus, Ohio. McDowell had served in a militia company before the war. He was given the rank of colonel on June 20, 1861. He led a brigade on the

title: First Battle of Bull Run

text: frantically ran without order in the direction of Washington, D.C. Both armies were sobered by the fierce fighting and many casualties, and realized that the war was going to be much longer and bloodier than either had anticipated. The Battle of First Bull Run highlighted many of the problems and deficiencies that were typical of the first year of the war. Units were committed piecemeal, attacks were frontal, infantry failed to protect exposed artillery, tactical intelligence was nil, and neither commander was able to employ his whole force effectively. McDowell, with 35,000 men, was only able to commit about 18,000,

title: First Battle of Bull Run

short_answers:
Confederate
Confederate forces
Confederate victory