question: what is the name of the compound p4010

answers: Phosphorus pentoxide

title: Benzo(c)fluorene

text: BaPeq, which equals the concentration of the compound, times the potency of the compound compared to benzo["a"]pyrene (RPF). Although the concentrations measured of benzo["c"]fluorene are quite low, when corrected for mutagenicity, benzo["c"]fluorene is the most important PAH of those that were measured in terms of possible health risks. In one study, the Ames test was performed on benzo["c"]fluorene. Two different strains were used, TA100 and TA98. One group of each strain had a rat liver fraction and one group did not. The difference between the TA100 and the TA98 strain is that the TA98 strain has a frameshift mutation, and

title: Bistriflimide

text: triflic acid (p"K" = 0.70, p"K"(rel. picric acid) = –11.4). Developing an IUPAC name for bistriflimide that indicates the structure and reactivity is challenging, and changes to current names have been proposed. The main difficulty arises from the ambiguous use of the word amide to mean an acylated (including sulfonylated) amine "or" the anionic form of an amine. Likewise, imide can refer to a bisacylated amine "or" a twice deprotonated amine. Thus, depending on the system used, there is ambiguity as to whether amide or imide is being used to refer to the parent acid or the anion. (The anion

title: Pyridine

text: "azine". However, systematic names for simple compounds are used very rarely; instead, heterocyclic nomenclature follows historically established common names. IUPAC discourages the use of "azine" in favor of "pyridine". The numbering of the ring atoms in pyridine starts at the nitrogen (see infobox). An allocation of positions by letter of the Greek alphabet (α-γ) and the substitution pattern nomenclature common for homoaromatic systems ("ortho", "meta", "para") are used sometimes. Here α ("ortho"), β ("meta"), and γ ("para") refer to the 2, 3, and 4 position, respectively. The systematic name for the pyridine derivatives is "pyridinyl", wherein the position of the

title: Perfluorotributylamine

text: it much more powerful. Perfluorotributylamine Perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), also referred to as FC43, is a colorless liquid with the formula N(CF). The compound consists of three butyl groups connected to an amine center, in which all of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with fluorine. The compound is produced for the electronics industry, along with other perfluoroalkylamines. Unlike ordinary amines, perfluoroamines are nonbasic. It is prepared by electrofluorination of tributylamine using hydrogen fluoride as solvent and source of fluorine: The compound has two commercial uses. It is used as an ingredient in Fluosol, artificial blood. This application exploits the high solubility

title: Phosphorus pentoxide

text: Phosphorus pentoxide is a chemical compound with molecular formula P4O10 (with its common name derived from its empirical formula, P2O5).  This white crystalline solid is the anhydride of phosphoric acid. It is a powerful desiccant and dehydrating agent.

title: EMA401

text: the racemate drug to EMA401, was originally Compound 6, one of the 48 compounds of formula I. Compound 6 had higher binding affinity for ATR, compared to the other 48 compounds, with an IC value of 2.8 nM in a rabbit uterus binding assay. It was also inactive in the ATR binding assay at concentrations of 10-5 M, suggesting high selectivity for ATR. Example 47, the S-enantiomer of Compound 6 and later named EMA401, was at the time an unanalyzed compound of formula I. Compound 6, under the name PD-126,055, and five other ATR antagonists (PD-123,319, L-159,686, PD-121,981, L-161,638 and

title: Triphenylphosphine oxide

text: atoms, e.g. phenols. Up to now, several modifications of PhPO have been found: For example, a monoclinic form crystalizes in the space group "P"2/"c" with Z = 4 and a = 15.066(1) Å, b = 9.037(2) Å, c = 11.296(3) Å, and β = 98.47(1)°. The orthorhombic modification crystallizes in the space group "Pbca" with Z = 4 and 29.089(3) Å, b = 9.1347(9), c = 11.261(1) Å. PhPO is a by-product of many useful reactions in organic synthesis including the Wittig, Staudinger, and Mitsunobu reactions. It is also formed when PPhCl is employed to convert alcohols into alkyl chlorides.

title: Light-dependent reactions

text: of 680 nm, and it is therefore called P680. In PSI, it absorbs photons at 700 nm, and it is called P700. In bacteria, the special pair is called P760, P840, P870, or P960. Where "P" means pigment, and the number following it is the wavelength of light absorbed. If an electron of the special pair in the reaction center becomes excited, it cannot transfer this energy to another pigment using resonance energy transfer. In normal circumstances, the electron should return to the ground state, but, because the reaction center is arranged so that a suitable electron acceptor is nearby,

title: Coenzyme Q10

text: Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q, also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, and abbreviated at times to CoQ , CoQ, or Q is a coenzyme that is ubiquitous in animals and most bacteria (hence the name ubiquinone). It is a 1,4-benzoquinone, where Q refers to the quinone chemical group and 10 refers to the number of isoprenyl chemical subunits in its tail. This fat-soluble substance, which resembles a vitamin, is present in all respiring eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria. It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, which generates energy in the form

title: Trimethylphosphine

text: Trimethylphosphine Trimethylphosphine is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(CH), commonly abbreviated as PMe. This colorless liquid has a strongly unpleasant odor, characteristic of alkylphosphines. The compound is a common ligand in coordination chemistry. It is a pyramidal molecule with approximate "C" symmetry. The C–P–C bond angles are approximately 98.6°. The C–P–C bond angles are consistent with the notion that phosphorus predominantly uses the 3p orbitals for forming bonds and that there is little sp hybridization of the phosphorus atom. The latter is a common feature of the chemistry of phosphorus. As a result, the lone pair of trimethylphosphine has

title: PF-4840154

text: PF-4840154 PF-4840154 is pyrimidine derivative discovered by Pfizer at its Sandwich, Kent research center. The compound is a potent, selective activator of both the human (EC = 23 nM) and rat (EC = 97 nM) TRPA1 channels. This compound elicits nociception in a mouse model through TRPA1 activation. PF-4840154 is used as a reference agonist of the TRPA1 channel for in-vitro high-throughput screening purposes, and is superior to allyl isothiocyanate for this use. The TRPA1 channel is considered an attractive pain target based on the fact that TRPA1 knockout mice showed near complete attenuation of pain behaviors in some pre-clinical

title: PH10 (drug)

text: through clinical studies, there is no objective or non-biased information available on this drug. It is not recognized as having gone through clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov in the United States. Pherin Pharmaceuticals only has two completed clinical trials that are recognized by the U.S. government -- both of which were for the drug PH94B. With the claim that this drug is between 60%-80% effective as an anti-depressive treatment, over the course of one week, it may be dangerous for individuals interested in research chemicals, as there is no evidence at this time to support their claims. Its toxicity is not

title: Pyrrolidine

text: Pyrrolidine Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH)NH. It is a cyclic secondary amine, also classified as a saturated heterocycle. It is a colourless liquid that is miscible with water and most organic solvents. It has a characteristic odor that has been described as "ammoniacal, fishy, shellfish-like". In addition to pyrrolidine itself, many substituted pyrrolidines are known. Pyrrolidine is produced by treatment of 1,4-butanediol with ammonia over an oxide catalyst. Many modifications of pyrrolidine are found in natural and synthetic chemistry. The pyrrolidine ring structure is present in numerous natural alkaloids such as

title: Chemical nomenclature

text: could be the compound PbS. Because the S anion has a subscript of 2 in the formula (giving a 4− charge), the compound must be balanced with a 4+ charge on the Pb cation (lead is a transition metal, and can form cations with a 4+ or a 2+ charge). Thus, the compound is made of one Pb cation to every two S anions, the compound is balanced, and its name is written as lead(IV) sulfide. An older system – relying on Latin names for the elements – is also sometimes used to name Type II Ionic Binary Compounds. In

title: Perfluorotributylamine

text: Perfluorotributylamine Perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), also referred to as FC43, is a colorless liquid with the formula N(CF). The compound consists of three butyl groups connected to an amine center, in which all of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with fluorine. The compound is produced for the electronics industry, along with other perfluoroalkylamines. Unlike ordinary amines, perfluoroamines are nonbasic. It is prepared by electrofluorination of tributylamine using hydrogen fluoride as solvent and source of fluorine: The compound has two commercial uses. It is used as an ingredient in Fluosol, artificial blood. This application exploits the high solubility of oxygen and carbon

title: Pyr1

text: a specific inhibitor both "in vitro" and "in cellulo". Pyr1 can be described as a tetracyclic molecule with a simple structure. Its few radicals are widely expanded along the benzene rings, distinguishing a benzoyloxy group in the ninth carbon and two methyl radicals in carbon five and eleven. There is also a ketone group in carbon one and two hydrogen radicals in carbons two and six. Pyr 1 is a cell permeable competitive inhibitor of Lim Kinase (especially LIMK1). The latter is the enzyme that uses ATP to phosphorylate and inactivate the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin. When cofilin is phosphorylated, it

title: Phenylacetylcarbinol

text: Phenylacetylcarbinol Phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) is an organic compound that has two enantiomers, one with and one with S-configuration. (R)-PAC, which is commonly called -PAC, is known as a precursor in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals such as ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. (R)-PAC or (R)-(−)-phenylacetylcarbinol is identical to -PAC, referring to the outdated . (R)-PAC is the levo-rotating isomer of phenylacetylcarbinol. The IUPAC name of phenylacetylcarbinol is 1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one. Synonyms are 1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone and 1-Hydroxy-1-phenylacetone. (R)-PAC is widely synthesized by fermentation of benzaldehyde and dextrose. In this process, colonies of yeast (in particular, strains such as Candida utilis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are cultivated and

title: Ubiquinol

text: coenzyme Q10 intake (in the Japanese diet). The following chart is a sample of the results. Ubiquinol is a benzoquinol and is the reduced product of ubiquinone also called coenzyme Q. Its tail consists of 10 isoprene units. The reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol occurs in Complexes I & II in the electron transfer chain. The Q cycle is a process that occurs in cytochrome b, a component of Complex III in the electron transport chain, and that converts ubiquinol to ubiquinone in a cyclic fashion. When ubiquinol binds to cytochrome b, the pKa of the phenolic group decreases so

title: Dihydroxyanthraquinone

text: important topical antipsoriatic drug anthralin, 1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone, There are 28 ways of choosing two of the 8 possible hydrogens, but because of the four-fold symmetry of the 9,10-anthraquinone core there are only 10 distinct isomers. There are also many dihydroxy derivatives of other anthraquinones, such as 1,2-anthraquinone, 1,4-anthraquinone, and 2,6-anthraquinone. Dihydroxyanthraquinone A dihydroxyanthraquinone is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula , formally derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. Dihyroxyantraquinones have been studied since the early 1900s, and include some compounds of historical and current importance. The isomers differ in the position of the hydroxyl

title: Protactinium

text: trioxide and phosphoric anhydride. Heating to higher temperatures in an inert atmosphere decomposes Pa(PO) into the diphosphate PaPO, which is analogous to diphosphates of other actinides. In the diphosphate, the PO groups form pyramids of C symmetry. Heating PaPO in air to 1400 °C decomposes it into the pentoxides of phosphorus and protactinium. Protactinium(V) fluoride forms white crystals where protactinium ions are arranged in pentagonal bipyramids and coordinated by 7 other ions. The coordination is the same in protactinium(V) chloride, but the color is yellow. The coordination changes to octahedral in the brown protactinium(V) bromide and is unknown for protactinium(V)

title: Anoxygenic photosynthesis

text: by the reaction center, P840 enters an excited state with a large negative reduction potential, and so readily donates the electron to bacteriochlorophyll 663 which passes it on down the electron chain. The electron is transferred through a series of electron carriers and complexes until it is used to reduce NAD. P840 regeneration is accomplished with the oxidation of sulfide ion from hydrogen sulfide (or hydrogen or ferrous iron) by cytochrome c. Type II Reaction Centers Although the type II reaction centers are structurally and sequentially analogous to Photosystem II (PSII) in plant chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, known organisms that exhibit

title: Plastoquinone

text: Plastoquinone Plastoquinone (PQ) is an isoprenoid quinone molecule involved in the electron transport chain in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The most common form of plastoquinone, known as PQ-A or PQ-9, is a 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone molecule with a side chain of nine isoprenyl units. There are other forms of plastoquinone, such as ones with shorter side chains like PQ-3 (which has 3 isoprenyl side units instead of 9) as well as analogs such as PQ-B, PQ-C, and PQ-D, which differ in their side chains. The benzoquinone and isoprenyl units are both nonpolar, anchoring the molecule within the inner section of a

title: Pyrithione

text: (pyridine-"N"-oxide and pyridine-2-thiol), both of which have p"K" > 8. It is only slightly soluble in water (2.5 g L) but is soluble in many organic solvents (including benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethyl acetate) and slight solubility in others (diethyl ether, ethanol, methyl "tert"-butyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran). Pyrithione can be used as a source of hydroxyl radical in organic synthesis as it photochemically decomposes to HO and (pyridin-2-yl)sulfanyl radical. The conjugate base of pyrithione is an anion containing two donor atoms, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom each bearing a negative formal charge; the nitrogen atom remains

title: Dihydroxyanthraquinone

text: Dihydroxyanthraquinone A dihydroxyanthraquinone is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula , formally derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. Dihyroxyantraquinones have been studied since the early 1900s, and include some compounds of historical and current importance. The isomers differ in the position of the hydroxyl groups, and of the carbonyl oxygens (=O) of the underlying anthraquinone. The unqualified term "dihydroxyanthraquinone" usually means a hydroxy derivative of 9,10-anthraquinone. The dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone functional group occurs widely in natural products, and is an important feature of the anthracycline antitumour antibiotics. In particular, 1,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone is the precursor for the

title: P123

text: P123 Pluronic P123 is a symmetric triblock copolymer comprising poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) in an alternating linear fashion, PEO-PPO-PEO. The unique characteristic of PPO block, which is hydrophobic at temperatures above 288 K and is soluble in water at temperatures below 288 K, leads to the formation of micelle consisting of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers. Some studies report that the hydrophobic core contains PPO block, and a hydrophilic corona consists of PEO block. In 30wt% aqueous solution Pluronic P123 forms a cubic gel phase. The nominal chemical formula of P123 is HO(CHCHO)(CHCH(CH)O)(CHCHO)H, which corresponds to a molecular weight

title: Pyr1

text: confer not only anticancer properties but also the capacity to prevent metastasis to the molecule. Pyr1 is classified as a small molecule that belongs to the group of pyridocarbazoles. Its small size gives it special properties: as a light molecule it is a valuable tool for studying dynamic biological processes. Therefore, it is a key discovery in medical and biological investigation. It is a high degree protein temporal controller, as it is able to interact in a few minutes or even seconds with molecules such as LIMK1. Its reversibility enables it to quickly activate and inhibit itself, making the molecule

title: G418

text: G418 G418 (Geneticin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1. It is produced by "Micromonospora rhodorangea". G418 blocks polypeptide synthesis by inhibiting the elongation step in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Resistance to G418 is conferred by the neo gene from Tn5 encoding an aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase, APT 3' II. G418 is an analog of neomycin sulfate, and has similar mechanism as neomycin. G418 is commonly used in laboratory research to select genetically engineered cells (typically using the KanMX selectable marker). In general for bacteria and algae concentrations of 5 μg/mL or less are used, for mammalian cells

title: Pyrrolidine

text: nicotine and hygrine. It is found in many drugs such as procyclidine and bepridil. It also forms the basis for the racetam compounds ("e.g." piracetam, aniracetam). The amino acids proline and hydroxyproline are, in a structural sense, derivatives of pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine is a base. Its basicity is typical of other dialkyl amines. Relative to many secondary amines, pyrrolidine is distinctive because of its compactness, a consequence of its cyclic structure. Pyrrolidine is used as a building block in the synthesis of more complex organic compounds. It is used to activate ketones and aldehydes toward nucleophilic addition by formation of enamines:

title: Chemical substance

text: the mild pain-killer Naproxen is the more common name for the chemical compound (S)-6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid. Chemists frequently refer to chemical compounds using chemical formulae or molecular structure of the compound. There has been a phenomenal growth in the number of chemical compounds being synthesized (or isolated), and then reported in the scientific literature by professional chemists around the world. An enormous number of chemical compounds are possible through the chemical combination of the known chemical elements. As of May 2011, about sixty million chemical compounds are known. The names of many of these compounds are often nontrivial and hence not

title: Chemical nomenclature

text: is named as if it were an anion (root name of the element + "-ide" suffix). Then, prefixes are used to indicate the numbers of each atom present: these prefixes are "mono-" (one), "di-" (two), "tri-" (three), "tetra-" (four), "penta-" (five), "hexa-" (six), "hepta-" (seven), "octa-" (eight), "nona-" (nine), and "deca-" (ten). The prefix "mono-" is never used with the first element. Thus, NCl is called nitrogen trichloride, PO is called diphosphorus pentoxide (the "a" of the "penta-" prefix is dropped before the vowel for easier pronunciation), and BF is called boron trifluoride. Carbon dioxide is written CO; sulfur tetrafluoride

title: Phosphorus pentoxide


question: who owns spirit of the suwannee music park

answers: The Cornett family

title: Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park

text: Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park is located in North Central Florida, in Suwannee County, United States. Situated on the banks of the historic Suwannee River, the park consists of over 800 acres (2.4 km²) of camping areas, concert venues, recreational facilities and unspoiled forests. The park hosts numerous major events each year, including Suwannee Hulaween, the AURA Music and Arts Festival, Suwannee River Jam, the Magnoliafest, Wanee Music Festival, Blackwater Music Festival, Purple Hatter's Ball, and Suwannee Springfest. Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park, nestled in Live Oak, Florida, with 3 miles

title: Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park

text: to the park to enhance and improve its entertainment, hiking, canoeing, camping and other activities. The park offers varied camping options including primitive camping, RV camping and furnished park models. A tree house is also available for different occasions and events. Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park is located in North Central Florida, in Suwannee County, United States. Situated on the banks of the historic Suwannee River, the park consists of over 800 acres (2.4 km²) of camping areas, concert venues, recreational facilities and unspoiled forests. The park hosts numerous major events each

title: Suwannee Hulaween

text: that Suwannee used RFID chipped wristbands. Suwannee Hulaween Suwannee Hulaween is an annual music and camping festival over Halloween weekend, featuring the Spirit Lake® visual arts extravaganza, taking place at The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in Live Oak, FL and is hosted by The String Cheese Incident. The festival, hosted by The String Cheese Incident and produced by Silver Wrapper and Purple Hat Productions, is held outdoors on five stages and allows the attendees to camp onsite for the weekend. The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park campground is over 800 acres and offers a wide range of

title: Suwannee Hulaween

text: Suwannee Hulaween Suwannee Hulaween is an annual music and camping festival over Halloween weekend, featuring the Spirit Lake® visual arts extravaganza, taking place at The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in Live Oak, FL and is hosted by The String Cheese Incident. The festival, hosted by The String Cheese Incident and produced by Silver Wrapper and Purple Hat Productions, is held outdoors on five stages and allows the attendees to camp onsite for the weekend. The Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park campground is over 800 acres and offers a wide range of options for camping, RV with full

title: Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park

text: The Cornett family has been making improvements to the park to enhance and improve its entertainment, hiking, canoeing, camping and other activities.  The park offers varied camping options including primitive camping, RV camping and furnished park models. A tree house is also available for different occasions and events.

title: Wanee Music Festival

text: Wanee Music Festival Wanee Festival is an annual event held since 2005 at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park, in Live Oak, Florida. The festival was hosted by the Allman Brothers Band until 2014 and is managed by Live Nation. On November 5th, 2018 it was announced via the Wanee website that the festival would not be occurring at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in 2019, citing the religious holidays of Easter and Passover as the reason the festival was cancelled. No plans for future Wanee Festivals have been announced. The festival, hosted by the Allman Brothers

title: AURA Music and Arts Festival

text: for its 2nd and 3rd years in St. Cloud, but in 4th year was moved to its current home, the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park. AURA currently hosts 5000+ patrons, artists and guests each year and continues to grow at a rate of about 25-30% annually, much of which can be attributed to its strong grass-roots marketing campaign and strong social reach. Marketing and publicity for the entire history of the event has been handled by Matthew Beck and Destiny Spang of Brotherly Love Productions. AURA Music and Arts Festival AURA Music and Arts Festival is an annual three-day,

title: Suwannee Hulaween

text: hook ups to cabin rentals to primitive camping. The crowd can be considered a mix of young dance enthusiasts, older jam fans, Dead Heads and those in between. Attendees are encouraged to dress in costume befitting a Halloween dance party. Suwannee Hulaween roams between the five stages: the Main Stage (where The String Cheese Incident plays its three sets each evening, followed by additional headliners. The Amphitheater (another big venue and stage to accommodate additional headliners), The Patch (an additional stage the size of the amphitheater), Spirit Lake (home to the art installations and silent disco, and where the late

title: David Gans (musician)

text: the Vibes, the High Sierra Music Festival, MagnoliaFest and the Suwannee SpringFest (both held annually at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park), Grateful Fest (in Nelson Ledges Quarry Park, Ohio), the Master Musicians Festival (in Somerset, Kentucky); the Terrapin Hill Music Festival (in Harrodsburg, Kentucky), Hookahville (in Ohio), the Sunshine Daydream Music Festival (in Terra Alta, West Virginia), the Berkeley (California) Free Folk Festival, and others. He has appeared in concert all over the country, from Seattle to Atlanta, Burlington to Phoenix. In 2002, Gans became one of the first independent musicians to release a DVD. "Live at the

title: Suwannee Hulaween

text: Marvel Years, Artifakts, Prophet Massive, Vlad The Inhaler, Wyllys, Willie Evans Jr., Lusid, Digital Sykline, Brox, Cry Havoc, Lady Miaou, Austen Van Der Bleek, Lava, Rocks 'N' Blunts, Ployd, Walley Meskel, Aurakull, Booty Boo 2016 was the first year the Suwannee park implemented a cap on the number of tickets sold. The cap was 20,000 tickets. The 2017 festival held October 27th – October 29th with a theme of "Night of The Loving Dead" featuring The String Cheese Incident (3 nights), Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley, Bassnectar, Ween, GRiZ, Run The Jewels, Nick Murphy (Chet Faker), RL Grime, Portugal. The Man,

title: Suwannee Hulaween

text: explore the relationship between music and sound. The 2013 festival held October 31 – November 2 with a "Voodoo" theme featuring The String Cheese Incident (3 nights), STS9 (late night), Big Gigantic (late night), Emancipator, Conspirator, Steve Kimock & Friends, Suwannee Bluegrass Surprise, Brock Butler, Future Rock, Moon Taxi, Van Ghost, Jennifer Hartswick, Applebutter Express The 2014 festival held October 31st – November 2nd with a theme of "The Afterlife" featuring The String Cheese Incident (3 nights), Thievery Corporation, Big Gigantic, Beats Antique, The New Deal, Shpongle (Simon Posford DJ set), Joe Russo's Almost Dead, Emancipator, Greensky Bluegrass, The Dean

title: Suwannee Hulaween

text: night party swings until 5 am.), and finally the nearby Campground Stage (a terrific smaller spot presenting Florida-based bands). The lineup includes approximately 90-100 artists each year. As of 2014 Suwanee Hulaween has gone from a three-day to a four day long festival. Even though the official festival is only three days long, many festival goers arrive early for the Thursday Pre-party Kickoff. Which features a combination of less well known artists with a few bigger names thrown in there. The pre-party takes place the Thursday before the opening Friday of the festival. Suwannee Hulaween is generally held either on

title: Suwannee River

text: Festival, SpringFest, and Wanee have been held annually in Live Oak, Florida, at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park, adjacent to the river. Performing artists have included Vassar Clements, Peter Rowan, David Grisman, Allman Brothers Band, and the String Cheese Incident. Suwannee River The Suwannee River (also spelled Suwanee River) is a major river that runs through South Georgia southward into Florida in the southern United States. It is a wild blackwater river, about long. The Suwannee River is the site of the prehistoric Suwanee Straits which separated peninsular Florida from the panhandle. The headwaters of the Suwanee River

title: Suwannee Hulaween

text: Ween Group, EOTO, Keller Williams & Friends, Conspirator, Future Rock, Suwannee Bluegrass Surprise, Nahko and Medicine for the People, Rising Appalachia, Rob Garza (DJ Set), Kung Fu, The Soul Rebels, Judah and the Lion, Van Ghost, The Heavy Pets, Ghost Owl featuring Perpetual Groove members Albert Matt and Adam, Greenhouse Lounge, Cope, Strung Like A Horse, Jonathan Scales Fourchestra, Shane Pruitt Band, Suenalo, Dustin Thomas, Billy Gilmore’s Jam, Grandpa’s Cough Medicine Beartoe and Post Pluto. 2014 introduced a Thursday (October 30th) night pre-party which hosted Electron (featuring Marc and Aaron of Conspirator and The Disco Biscuits, Mike Greenfield from Lotus,

title: AURA Music and Arts Festival

text: AURA Music and Arts Festival AURA Music and Arts Festival is an annual three-day, music-driven festival, featuring jam, funk, rock, jazz, and livetronica performances, as well as musical workshops, activities, and other programs. Produced by AURA Music Group, LLC, AURA Music and Arts Festival has produced six festivals since 2010. The festival now takes place at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in Live Oak, FL. Since its inception in 2010, AURA Music and Arts Festival has stayed true to its mission of showcasing the best regional and national touring bands in the underground jam community and live-electronic scene,

text: Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park is a Florida State Park located in White Springs off U.S. 41, along the Suwannee River in north Florida. Stephen Foster is famous for having written the song "Old Folks At Home," also known as "Way Down Upon the Suwannee River." The song, referring nostalgically to "home far, far away," is Florida's state song. Among the wildlife of the park are gopher tortoises, box turtles, American alligators, white-tailed deer, wood ducks, and a variety of birds. Activities include picnicking, hiking and bicycling, as well as horseback

text: is raising money to restore and preserve. Every year, the park hosts the Florida Folk Festival on Memorial Day weekend. Florida state parks are open between 8 a.m. and sundown every day of the year (including holidays). Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park is a Florida State Park located in White Springs off U.S. 41, along the Suwannee River in north Florida. Stephen Foster is famous for having written the song "Old Folks At Home," also known as "Way Down Upon the Suwannee River." The song, referring nostalgically to "home far, far

text: riding, canoeing, and wildlife viewing. Amenities include picnic tables, wooded trails, boat access to the Suwannee River, and riverside rental cabins. There is a craft shop which sells Floridian and Southeastern folk art and crafts. The Stephen Foster Museum honors the accomplishments of American composer Stephen Foster and features dioramas and exhibits about his famous songs, including "Old Folks at Home", more commonly known by the words of its first line as "(Way Down Upon the) Swanee River." Honoring Foster, who never visited Florida, was the idea of Josiah K. Lilly, Sr., the son of Eli Lilly. He proposed the

title: 311 (band)

text: and hosted other bands as well. 311 played their hit songs plus debuting two new tracks; "Extension" and "Too Late" while also covering Prince's "Let's Go Crazy". 311 hosted their first "Pow Wow" Festival from August 4 to August 6, 2011, at the Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park in Live Oak, FL. Along with 311, it featured DJ Trichome, Murs, SOJA, Deftones, DJ Soulman, The Movement, Full Service, Streetlight Manifesto, The Dirty Heads, Sublime with Rome, Shinobi Ninja, Ballyhoo!, The Supervillains, Ozomatli, G. Love & Special Sauce, and comedians Doug Benson and Graham Elwood. Along with fire performances by

title: Suwannee County Airport

text: as further the education of the next generation of pilots. Suwannee County Airport Suwannee County Airport is a public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) west of the central business district of the city of Live Oak in Suwannee County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned. The airport is host to the EAA Chapter 797 which currently operates many festivities in and around the airport. It is also home to the annual Wings Over Suwannee fly-in festival held during every Spring, which is a yearly event organized by several members of the EAA Chapter to expand the

title: Suwannee River

text: miles (274 river kilometers), from Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park to the Gulf of Mexico. The Florida National Scenic Trail runs along the Suwannee River's western banks for approximately , from Deep Creek Conservation Area in Columbia County to Twin Rivers State Forest in Madison County. The Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge offers bird and wildlife observation, wildlife photography, fishing, canoeing, hunting, and interpretive walks. A driving tour is under construction, and several boardwalks and observation towers offer views of wildlife and habitat. In recent years, the Suwannee River has been the site of many music gatherings. Magnolia

title: Suwannee County Airport

text: Suwannee County Airport Suwannee County Airport is a public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) west of the central business district of the city of Live Oak in Suwannee County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned. The airport is host to the EAA Chapter 797 which currently operates many festivities in and around the airport. It is also home to the annual Wings Over Suwannee fly-in festival held during every Spring, which is a yearly event organized by several members of the EAA Chapter to expand the local public's use and knowledge of the airport as well

title: Suwannee County, Florida

text: It is a publicly operated airport run by the county government that has a paved runway in excess of 4,000 feet, major aircraft maintenance, training, car rental, as well as selling 100LL aviation fuel from a manned FBO. There are also many private airparks scattered throughout the county. Suwannee County has one surviving railroad line. The primary one is a CSX line formerly owned by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad that served Amtrak's Sunset Limited until it was truncated to New Orleans in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina. Union Depot and Atlantic Coast Line Freight Station was Suwannee County's premiere railroad

title: Will McLean

text: Bob and Geri Mitchell, Pete Seeger, and Florida banjo player Paul Champion. McLean also wrote "Osceola's Last Words", a stirring tribute to the Seminole chief. Michael Peter Smith, with his wife Barbara Barrow, recorded the best-known version of this song. A weekend music festival is held every March at the Sertoma Youth Camp in Brooksville, Florida. The original festival was held in White Springs. In 2007, Florida film producer Elam Stoltzfus, in conjunction with the Will McLean Foundation, created a short film; "Will McLean: Songs about Florida” for the festival. The College of Central Florida hosted “Hold Back the Waters:

title: Suwannee Hulaween

text: Halloween (if one of the days Thursday-Sunday falls on the 31st) or the weekend before. In addition to the headliners The String Cheese Incident, the festival has featured performances by past headliners My Morning Jacket, Bassnectar, Chance the Rapper, Ween, Odesza, STS9, Disclosure, Damian Marley, Portugal. The Man, Vince Staples, RL Grime, Rebelution, Joe Russo's Almost Dead, Primus, The Disco Biscuits, Pretty Lights, Run the Jewels, Umphrey's McGee, GRiZ, Big Gigantic, Claude Von Stroke, Thievery Corporation, EOTO, Dumpstaphunk, and Slightly Stoopid The 2018 festival featured the world's first virtual reality music stage called Soundscape VR, which allowed attendees to interactively

title: Suwannee County, Florida

text: Suwannee County, Florida Suwannee County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,551. Its county seat is Live Oak. Suwannee County was a dry county until August 2011, when the sale of alcoholic beverages became legal in the county. Suwannee County was created in 1858, as railways were constructed through the area connecting it to Jacksonville, Tallahassee, and points north. It was named after the Suwannee River, which forms the county's northern, western, and much of its southern border. The word "Suwannee" may either be a corruption of the Spanish

title: Suwannee River

text: and north Florida. Don Ameche starred as Foster in the fictional biographical film "Swanee River" (1939). When approaching the Suwannee River via several major highways, motorists are greeted with a sign which announces they are crossing the Historic Suwannee River, complete with the first line of sheet music from "Old Folks at Home". This is Florida's state song, designated as such in 1935. In 2008, its original lyrics were replaced with a politically correct version. There is a Foster museum and carillon tower at Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park in White Springs. The spring itself is called White

title: Okeechobee Music & Arts Festival

text: Okeechobee Music & Arts Festival The Okeechobee Music and Arts Festival (commonly referred to as Okeechobee) was an annual four-day music and arts festival produced by Soundslinger, LLC. The festival was held at the 600-acre property, Sunshine Grove in Okeechobee, Florida. The first Okeechobee Music and Arts Festival was held March 4–6, 2016. With artists such as Bassnectar, Skrillex, Kendrick Lamar, and Mumford & Sons, the festival drew around 32,000 attendees in its first year. The festival is produced by Soundslinger, LLC, an independent company founded by Steve Sybesma, formerly of Sunshine Promotions, Paul Peck formerly of Superfly (Bonnaroo Music

title: Stephen C. Foster State Park

text: Stephen C. Foster State Park Stephen C. Foster State Park is an state park located in the Okefenokee Swamp in Charlton County, Georgia. the park offers visitors several ways to explore the swamp's unique ecosystem. In November 2016, the park was recognized as a Dark Sky park by the International Dark Sky Association. The state park includes 64 tents, trailer, RV campsites, nine cottages, an interpretive center, the 1.5-mile (2.5 km) Trembling Earth Nature Trail, 25 miles of day-use waterways, three picnic shelters and a pioneer campground Located 18 miles northeast of Fargo, the park's Suwannee River Visitor Center features

title: Suwannee, Florida

text: sites in the town. Suwannee, Florida Suwannee is an unincorporated community in Dixie County, Florida, United States. It is located on the Suwannee River near its mouth, at the southern end of the Big Bend region of Florida. It is 23 miles southwest of Old Town, to which it is connected by County Road 349. Suwannee is a fishing village, with a population of about 300. It caters for both freshwater fishing in the river and saltwater fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. The town is surrounded by the Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge. There is a canoe/kayak trail into

title: Spirit of the Suwannee Music Park


question: who invented the first home video security system

answers: her husband Albert Brown

answers: Marie Van Brittan Brown

title: Security alarm

text: of an alarm. In some municipalities around the United States, this type of alarm verification allows the property it is protecting to be placed on a "verified response" list, allowing for quicker and safer police responses. The first video home security system was patented on December 2, 1969 to inventor Marie Brown. The system used television surveillance. To be useful, an intrusion alarm system is deactivated or reconfigured when authorized personnel are present. Authorization may be indicated in any number of ways, often with keys or codes used at the control panel or a remote panel near an entry. High-security

title: Edwin Holmes (inventor)

text: It became less expensive and more versatile for use in the 1980s and by the middle of the 1990s the system had become a standard feature. In the most advanced examples of anti-burglary systems, motion detectors, surveillance equipment and electronic tracking devices are being used. Edwin Holmes (inventor) Edwin Holmes (April 25, 1820 – 1901) was an American businessman who is credited with commercializing the electromagnetic burglar alarm and with establishing the first burglar alarm networks. Holmes was born in West Boylston, Massachusetts, to Sally Graves and Thomas Holmes. His father was from New Hampshire where he served as the

title: Marie Van Brittan Brown

text: was not something Brown liked to do. Brown's system had a set of four peep-holes and a camera that could slide up and down to look at each one. Anything and everything the camera picked up would appear on a monitor. Also, a resident could unlatch the door by remote control. The system included a device that enabled a homeowner to use a television set to view the person at the door and hear the caller's voice. The home security system that she and her husband invented allowed the monitor to be in a different room, and all of this

title: Chuck Colby

text: Chuck Colby Chuck Colby is an electronics engineer and chief-inventor, founder and president of Colby Systems Corporation, a company that created the first DVR-based video surveillance systems but is also very notable as a pioneer in portable computing, being the first to market both DOS and Macintosh portable computers, as well as a remarkable number of other technological firsts. Colby's first invention was the Colby TR-2 transistor radio, which he designed at the precocious age of 12 and sold to family, friends and customers on his paper-route, and is possibly the first pocket transistor radio. At 15, he built for

title: Marie Van Brittan Brown

text: Marie Van Brittan Brown (October 30, 1922 – February 2, 1999) was an African-American inventor, becoming the originator of the home security system (patent number 3,482,037) in 1966, along with her husband Albert Brown, a patent was granted in 1969.  Brown was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York; she died there at the age of 76.

title: Edwin Holmes (inventor)

text: a new and bigger market Holmes moved his business to New York, which was then perceived as a place where "all the country's burglars made their home". There, by 1866 he installed 1,200 home alarms and began successful marketing among business enterprises. By 1877, he established the first network of alarms monitored by a central station in New York and sent his son to copy this system in Boston. Edwin Thomas, however, discovered that the network could use the pre-existing phone cables instead of laying its own. In this way, he quickly assembled a 700-alarm network, which his father then

title: Arthur Minasy

text: 1949 and a master's degree in industrial engineering in 1952. Arthur Minasy Arthur Minasy (1925 – 9 May 1994) was an American inventor. His most famous invention was in 1966, when he invented surveillance tags that could be attached to items in stores to prevent shoplifting. The tag is removed by a cashier once it has been paid for. If the tag is not removed, an alarm is set off when the person leaves the store. Following the success of this, Minasy set up his own security company, The Knogo Corporation, which has produced numerous other security related items. Minasy

title: Arthur Minasy

text: Arthur Minasy Arthur Minasy (1925 – 9 May 1994) was an American inventor. His most famous invention was in 1966, when he invented surveillance tags that could be attached to items in stores to prevent shoplifting. The tag is removed by a cashier once it has been paid for. If the tag is not removed, an alarm is set off when the person leaves the store. Following the success of this, Minasy set up his own security company, The Knogo Corporation, which has produced numerous other security related items. Minasy graduated from New York University with an engineering degree in

title: Philo Farnsworth

text: Philo Farnsworth Philo Taylor Farnsworth (August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an American inventor and television pioneer. He made many contributions that were crucial to the early development of all-electronic television. He is best known for his 1927 invention of the first fully functional all-electronic image pickup device (video camera tube), the "image dissector", as well as the first fully functional and complete all-electronic television system. Farnsworth developed a television system complete with receiver and camera which he produced commercially in the form of the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation from 1938 to 1951 in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

title: Theodore Case

text: Theodore Case Theodore Willard Case (December 12, 1888 – May 13, 1944) was an American chemist, physicist, and inventor known for the invention of the Movietone sound-on-film sound film system. Case was born in Auburn, New York into a prominent family. Generations of the Cases lived on Genesee Street in Auburn, which eventually became the residence of Theodore Case's family. He attended St. John's Northwestern Military Academy and St. Paul's School before studying physics at Yale and Harvard University. On November 26, 1918, Case married Alice Gertrude Eldred. The couple would go on to have four children. While at Yale,

title: Home cinema

text: LaserDisc in the 1980s added new dimensions for home cinema. The first-known home cinema system was designed, built and installed by Steve J. LaFontaine as a sales tool at Kirshmans furniture store in Metairie, Louisiana in 1974. He built a special sound room which incorporated the earliest quadraphonic audio systems, and he modified Sony Trinitron televisions for projecting the image. Many systems were sold in the New Orleans area in the ensuing years before the first public demonstration of this integration occurred in 1982 at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago, Illinois. Peter Tribeman of NAD (U.S.) organized and

title: CGV – Compagnie Generale de Videotechnique

text: surveillance (CCTV) and Public address systems (CGV Systeme) joined the company in 2002. At present the development of new products is a joint venture with various small firms in the Far East. The first products invented were video adapters/RF modulators to let people connect a Game console to the aerial input of their TV set. This was before the advent of SCART sockets on TVs. Then came adapters (the REP range) for the Canal+ Decoder which arrived in 1983. After that there were colour transcoders PAL-SECAM and SECAM-PAL, a balanced line video transmission system for the home (the Visiline), and

title: Michael Francis Tompsett

text: Michael Francis Tompsett Michael Francis Tompsett is a British-born physicist, engineer, and inventor, and the founder director of the US software company TheraManager. He is a former researcher at the English Electric Valve Company, who later moved to Bell Labs in the United States. Tompsett designed and built the first ever video camera with a solid-state (CCD) sensor. Tompsett received the prestigious Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering in 2017, with Eric Fossum, George Smith, and Nobukazu Teranishi. Dr. Tompsett has also received two other lifetime awards; the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame 2010 Pioneer Award, and the 2012 IEEE

title: Unican Security Systems

text: Europe, South America and Asia. Peter Blaikie was a major supporter of the company. In June 2016, Fish was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Concordia University, making this his first degree since graduating high school. Unican Security Systems Unican Security Systems Ltd. was a Canada-based company created by Aaron Fish in the 1960s and sold in 2000. At its sale (to Kaba Group), the company had over $800 million in sales annually and was the largest maker of key blanks and key copying machines in the world. Aaron Fish was born in the 1930s in Montreal, Quebec. He was

title: Closed-circuit television

text: 65% of these cameras are installed in Asia. The growth of CCTV has been slowing in recent years. The first CCTV system was installed by Siemens AG at Test Stand VII in Peenemünde, Nazi Germany in 1942, for observing the launch of V-2 rockets. The noted German engineer Walter Bruch was responsible for the technological design and installation of the system. In the U.S. the first commercial closed-circuit television system became available in 1949, called Vericon. Very little is known about Vericon except it was advertised as not requiring a government permit. The earliest video surveillance systems involved constant monitoring

title: Lock (security device)

text: introduced a disc that allowed the key to pass but narrowed the field of view, hiding the levers from anybody attempting to pick the lock. The Chubb brothers also received a patent for the first burglar-resisting safe and began production in 1835. The designs of Barron and Chubb were based on the use of movable levers, but Joseph Bramah, a prolific inventor, developed an alternative method in 1784. His lock used a cylindrical key with precise notches along the surface; these moved the metal slides that impeded the turning of the bolt into an exact alignment, allowing the lock to

title: George Clifford Sziklai

text: credited with constructing the first Image Orthicon television camera and inventing a high-speed elevator. George Clifford Sziklai George Clifford Sziklai (July 9, 1909 in Budapest, Hungary – September 9, 1998 in Los Altos, California) was a hungarian renowned electronics engineer, who among many other contributions to radio and TV electronics invented the transistor configuration named after him, the Sziklai pair. Educated at the University of Budapest and the Technical University Munich, Sziklai emigrated to New York in 1930. His long career included stations at Radio Corporation of America and Westinghouse Electric Corporation before he joined Lockheed's Palo Alto Research Laboratory

title: Home security

text: thefts target cash first followed by jewels, drugs, and electronics. Common security methods include never hiding extra keys outside, never turning off all the lights, applying small CCTV stickers on doors, and keeping good tabs with neighbours. Some forecasts project the home security market as a whole will be worth $47 billion by 2020, with the DIY home security market worth $1.5 billion. While the market for home security is expanding, especially with cable TV and Internet service providers introducing their own security and home automation products, it is a fragmented market, with "a massive array of large and small

title: Marie Van Brittan Brown

text: was possible via a radio controlled wireless system. If the person viewing the images on the monitor did not feel safe they could press a button that would send an alarm to police or security. She and her husband cited other inventors in their patent, such as Edward D. Phiney and Thomas J. Reardon. Thirteen inventors who came along after Brown have cited her patent, with the latest being in 2013. Even now, over fifty years later, her invention is being used by smaller businesses and living facilities. Although the system was originally intended for domestic uses, many businesses began

title: Audio Advice, Inc.

text: Wilkins, Classé and others. In 2006 Leon Shaw was elected to the board of the Home Theater Specialists of America. Audio Advice acquired Premier Security in 2007, creating Audio Advice Security while adding the home security system option to product offerings. A home networking division was also created in 2007. A satellite home theater demonstration showroom was opened by Audio Advice at Kitchen & Bath Galleries on Glenwood Avenue in 2007. In 2007 Shaw took on a new investor and partner in Scott Newnam, with Shaw becoming Board Chair and Newnam becoming President and CEO. Newnam is a graduate of

title: Philo Farnsworth

text: after his first telephone conversation with a distant relative, and he discovered a large cache of technology magazines in the attic of their new home. He won $25 in a pulp-magazine contest for inventing a magnetized car lock. Farnsworth was Mormon. Farnsworth excelled in chemistry and physics at Rigby High School. He asked science teacher Justin Tolman for advice about an electronic television system that he was contemplating; he provided the teacher with sketches and diagrams covering several blackboards to show how it might be accomplished electronically, and Tolman encouraged him to develop his ideas. One of the drawings that

title: Kálmán Tihanyi

text: television guidance for defense applications, building prototypes of a camera for remotely guided aircraft in London for the British Air Ministry, and later adapting it for the Italian Navy. In 1929, he invented the first infrared-sensitive (night vision) electronic television camera for anti-aircraft defense in Britain. Tihanyi's U.S. patents for his display and camera tubes, assigned to RCA, were issued in 1938 and 1939, respectively. In 1936 Tihanyi described the principle of "plasma television" and conceived the first flat-panel television system. It involved a single “transmission point” being moved at great speed behind a grid of cells arranged in a

title: Ray Dolby

text: Ray Dolby Ray Milton Dolby (; January 18, 1933 – September 12, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor of the noise reduction system known as Dolby NR. He helped develop the video tape recorder while at Ampex and was the founder of Dolby Laboratories. Dolby was born in Portland, Oregon, the son of Esther Eufemia (née Strand) and Earl Milton Dolby, an inventor. He attended Sequoia High School (class of 1951) in Redwood City, California. As a teenager in the decade following World War II, he held part-time and summer jobs at Ampex in Redwood City, working with their

title: Warren Lieberfarb

text: by then president Stanley R. Jaffe to research new home video technologies. In 1973, he took a job as vice president for telecommunications at 20th Century Fox. In 1984, he accepted a job as president of Warner Home Video (WHV), the home entertainment arm of Warner Bros. Entertainment, where he guided the company through nearly two decades of growth. Lieberfarb’s most significant achievement at WHV was his widely acknowledged role as the architect of the DVD. Called “The Father of DVD” by Variety. it was his initial vision that evolved into today’s DVD, the format that revolutionized the home video

title: Jac Holzman

text: the company into home video and the first interactive cable television system, QUBE. Until 1972, he was a director of Pioneer Electronics Japan, helping that company, and Warner Bros., adopt the compact disc and Laserdisc. Holzman was a member of the board of Atari, one of the first videogame companies, which was acquired by WCI in 1976. In 1979 Holzman became the nexus between ex-Monkee Michael Nesmith and John Lack of Warner Cable. He persuaded Lack to meet with Nesmith who had been nursing an idea for a program he called PopClips. Holzman thought that Nesmith's notion of building a

title: Edwin Holmes (inventor)

text: copied in New York. In 1878, Holmes became the president of the newly established Bell Phone Company. While he sold his interests two years later for US$100,000, he kept his rights to use the company phone lines for his alarm system. The use of electricity for street lights in 1880 changed the market, as people started accepting electrical models. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company bought the Holmes Burglar business in 1905, linking it to emergency call systems for contacting police and fire fighting personnel. After World War II, many inventions were introduced into the business of home alarm systems.

title: Unican Security Systems

text: Unican Security Systems Unican Security Systems Ltd. was a Canada-based company created by Aaron Fish in the 1960s and sold in 2000. At its sale (to Kaba Group), the company had over $800 million in sales annually and was the largest maker of key blanks and key copying machines in the world. Aaron Fish was born in the 1930s in Montreal, Quebec. He was the Chairman and CEO of Unican Security Systems Ltd. from its creation in 1965 to its sale in December 2000. He worked for his father in his early years as a locksmith. By the time he

title: Vigilant Technology

text: in DVD quality over DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The founders and a group of private investors provided seed capital for the company which initially (during 1999 and 2000) focused on research and development. Vigilant made its first sale in late 2000. It then worked with Pelco, a US-based video security equipment company, on a range of projects. Vigilant raised further capital in two rounds in 2000 and in 2002. The company also received a US $2.1 million grant from the Chief Scientist Fund in Israel to assist with research and development costs. In December 2005 the company raised £10 million

title: Chris Kyriakakis

text: Spark "Escape Velocity", and "Trojan Family Magazine". Chris Kyriakakis Chris Kyriakakis (born 1963) is a professor of electrical engineering, author, and inventor of audio technologies. He is the co-inventor of the Audyssey MultEQ digital room correction system. In 2004 he co-founded Audyssey Laboratories. Kyriakakis attended high school at Anatolia College in Thessaloniki, Greece. He received a Bachelor of Science in Engineering and Applied Science from Caltech in 1985 and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Southern California in 1993. Kyriakakis was appointed to the EE Systems faculty at USC in 1996 where he became the founding director

title: Joseph John O'Connell

text: Joseph John O'Connell Joseph John O'Connell (1861 – 1959), 1st, was an electrical engineer and inventor. He worked for the Chicago Telephone Company (which began as the Chicago Bell Telephone, Co. in 1878 ) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He had many inventions including the circuit breaker and the coin return. He also created the "invisible wire" which was the first time more than one telephone conversation could occur on the same wire. Reference to some additional inventions are mentioned in Angus Hibbard's autobiography, "Hello- Goodbye" including an electric lamp as a signal in a burglar-alarm operated

title: Marie Van Brittan Brown

short_answers:
Marie Van Brittan Brown
her husband Albert Brown


question: when was harry potter and the philosophers stone published

answers: in 1997

answers: 1997

text: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling. The first novel in the "Harry Potter" series and Rowling's debut novel, it follows Harry Potter, a young wizard who discovers his magical heritage on his eleventh birthday, when he receives a letter of acceptance to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry makes close friends and a few enemies during his first year at the school, and with the help of his friends, Harry faces an attempted comeback by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed

title: Harry Potter

text: the experience on her website saying: Rowling completed "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" in 1995 and the manuscript was sent off to several prospective agents. The second agent she tried, Christopher Little, offered to represent her and sent the manuscript to Bloomsbury. After eight other publishers had rejected "Philosopher's Stone", Bloomsbury offered Rowling a £2,500 advance for its publication. Despite Rowling's statement that she did not have any particular age group in mind when beginning to write the "Harry Potter" books, the publishers initially targeted children aged nine to eleven. On the eve of publishing, Rowling was asked by

text: voted for by children, made the book well known within six months of publication, while most children's books have to wait for years. The following year, "Philosopher's Stone" won almost all the other major British awards that were decided by children. It was also shortlisted for children's books awards adjudicated by adults, but did not win. Sandra Beckett commented that books which were popular with children were regarded as undemanding and as not of the highest literary standards – for example the literary establishment disdained the works of Dahl, an overwhelming favourite of children before the appearance of Rowling's books.

text: In 2003, the novel was listed at number 22 on the BBC's survey The Big Read. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" won two publishing industry awards given for sales rather than literary merit, the British Book Awards Children's Book of the Year and the Booksellers' Association / "Bookseller" Author of the Year. By March 1999 UK editions had sold just over 300,000 copies, and the story was still the UK's best-selling title in December 2001. A Braille edition was published in May 1998 by the Scottish Braille Press. Platform, from which the Hogwarts Express left London, was commemorated in

title: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)

text: and begins his education. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger. Warner Bros. bought the film rights to the book in 1999 for a reported £1 million ($1.65 million in 1999). Production began in the United Kingdom in 2000, with Chris Columbus being chosen to create the film from a short list of directors that included Steven Spielberg and Rob Reiner. Rowling insisted that the entire cast be British and Irish, and the film was shot at Leavesden Film Studios and historic buildings around the United Kingdom.

title: J. K. Rowling

text: the novel, and was won by Scholastic Inc., for US$105,000. Rowling said that she "nearly died" when she heard the news. In October 1998, Scholastic published "Philosopher's Stone" in the US under the title of "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone", a change Rowling says she now regrets and would have fought if she had been in a better position at the time. Rowling moved from her flat with the money from the Scholastic sale, into 19 Hazelbank Terrace in Edinburgh. Its sequel, "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets", was published in July 1998 and again Rowling won the

text: approximately June 1990 and some time in 1995. In 1990 Jo Rowling, as she preferred to be known, wanted to move with her boyfriend to a flat in Manchester and in her words, "One weekend after flat hunting, I took the train back to London on my own and the idea for Harry Potter fell into my head... A scrawny, little, black-haired, bespectacled boy became more and more of a wizard to me... I began to write "Philosopher's Stone" that very evening. Although, the first couple of pages look nothing like the finished product." Then Rowling's mother died and, to

text: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (video game) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States) is an action-adventure video game with platform elements published by Electronic Arts. It is based on J.K Rowling's novel of the same name and the film adaptation. "Philosopher's Stone" was initially developed for the Game Boy Advance, Game Boy Color, Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in November 2001, and was re-made two years later for the GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox in December 2003. The story follows protagonist Harry Potter, who discovers he is a

text: 8.3 million in the US. An illustrated version of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" was released on October 6, 2015, with illustrations by Jim Kay. The book carries over 100 illustrations and will be followed by illustrated versions of all seven books from the series by the same artist. In 1999, Rowling sold the film rights of the first four "Harry Potter" books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million ($1.65 million in 1999). Rowling demanded that the principal cast be kept strictly British but allowed for the casting of Irish actors such as the late Richard Harris

text: cope with her pain, Rowling transferred her own anguish to the orphan Harry. Rowling spent six years working on "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", and after it was accepted by Bloomsbury, she obtained a grant of £8,000 from the Scottish Arts Council, which enabled her to plan the sequels. She sent the book to an agent and a publisher, and then the second agent she approached spent a year trying to sell the book to publishers, most of whom thought it was too long at about 90,000 words. Barry Cunningham, who was building a portfolio of distinctive fantasies by

title: Harry Potter in translation

text: as can be determined (as of 2018), The Philosopher's Stone has been officially translated from the original English into 75 other languages, the most recent being Hawaiian, in August 2018, preceded by Scots, which was released on 23 November 2017. Both Bloomsbury's and J.K. Rowling's sites have recently stated that the books have been translated into 79 languages (their count would now likely be 82 with the subsequent 2018 release of Hawaiian, the 2017 release of Scots and a new Mongolian translation); however, it has been argued that number actually represents the number of authorized translations (of The Philosopher's Stone)

text: have published translations in Latin and in Ancient Greek, and the latter was described as "one of the most important pieces of Ancient Greek prose written in many centuries". Philip Nel highlighted the influence of Jane Austen, whom Rowling has greatly admired since the age of twelve. Both novelists greatly encourage re-reading, because details that look insignificant foreshadow important events or characters much later in the story-line – for example Sirius Black is briefly mentioned near the beginning of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", and then becomes a major character in the third to fifth books. Like Austen's heroines,

title: Harry Potter

text: by Scholastic – the American publisher of the books – as "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone", after Rowling had received US$105,000 for the American rights – a record amount for a children's book by an unknown author. Fearing that American readers would not associate the word "philosopher" with magic (although the Philosopher's Stone is an ancient tradition in alchemy), Scholastic insisted that the book be given the title "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" for the American market. The second book, "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets", was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and

title: Rupert Grint

text: the Philosopher's Stone", the best-selling novel written by author J. K. Rowling. Rowling personally insisted that the cast be British and assisted Susie Figgis and director Chris Columbus in casting the roles. Grint chose to audition for the role of protagonist Ron Weasley, one of Harry Potter's best friends at Hogwarts, and was a fan of the book series. Having seen a "Newsround" report about the open casting, he sent in a video of himself rapping about how he wished to receive the role. His attempt was successful as the casting team asked for a meeting with him. On 8

title: John Granger

text: daughter was given a copy of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". He read the book with the intention of pointing out to his daughter what was wrong with it but instead was impressed by the Christian imagery, classical references, and 'acerbic criticism of muggledom'. Granger's interest grew through discussion with friends in the Port Townsend C. S. Lewis Society. He gave lectures on the subject at the Society and the town's Carnegie Library which lectures were eventually collected into a book, 'Hidden Key to Harry Potter' (Zossima Press, 2002). That book was re-written and re-titled first 'Looking for God

text: C.S. Lewis, thinks there is no rigid distinction between stories for children and for adults. Nel also noted that, like many good writers for children, Rowling combines literary genresfantasy, young adult fiction, boarding school stories, "Bildungsroman" and many others. Some reviewers compared "Philosopher's Stone" to the stories of Roald Dahl, who died in 1990. Many writers since the 1970s had been hailed as his successor, but none had attained anything near his popularity with children and, in a poll conducted shortly after the launch of "Philosopher's Stone", seven of the ten most popular children's books were by Dahl, including the

title: J. K. Rowling

text: she wrote in local cafés to escape from her unheated flat, pointing out that it had heating. One of the reasons she wrote in cafés was that taking her baby out for a walk was the best way to make her fall asleep. In 1995, Rowling finished her manuscript for "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" on an old manual typewriter. Upon the enthusiastic response of Bryony Evens, a reader who had been asked to review the book's first three chapters, the Fulham-based Christopher Little Literary Agency agreed to represent Rowling in her quest for a publisher. The book was

title: Harry Potter (film series)

text: novels. The book, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", was relegated to a low-priority bookshelf, where it was discovered by a secretary who read it and gave it to Heyman with a positive review. Consequently, Heyman, who had originally disliked "the rubbish title", read the book himself. Highly impressed by Rowling's work, he began the process that led to one of the most successful cinematic franchises of all time. Heyman's enthusiasm led to Rowling's 1999 sale of the film rights for the first four "Harry Potter" books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million (US$2,000,000). A demand Rowling made

text: boarding school stories, others thought it placed the genre firmly in the modern world by featuring contemporary ethical and social issues, as well as overcoming obstacles like bullies. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", along with the rest of the "Harry Potter" series, has been attacked by some religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft under the guise of a heroic, moral story. Other religious commentators have written that the book exemplifies important viewpoints, including the power of self-sacrifice and the ways in which people's decisions shape their personalities. The series has

text: were concerned with the violence contained in the novel and with morality issues occurring throughout the book. "The New York Times" writer John Leonard praised the novel, saying ""The Order of the Phoenix" starts slow, gathers speed and then skateboards, with somersaults, to its furious conclusion...As Harry gets older, Rowling gets better." However, he also criticises "the one-note Draco Malfoy" and the predictable Lord Voldemort. "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" is the fifth book in the "Harry Potter" series. The first book in the series, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" was first published by Bloomsbury in

text: million copies) and 7th among paperbacks (over 6.6 million copies). In May 2008, Scholastic announced the creation of a 10th Anniversary Edition of the book that was released on 1 October 2008 to mark the tenth anniversary of the original American release. For the fifteenth anniversary of the books, Scholastic re-released "Sorcerer's Stone", along with the other six novels in the series, with new cover art by Kazu Kibuishi in 2013. By mid-2008, official translations of the book had been published in 67 languages. By September 11, 2017, official translations of the book had been published in 74 languages. Bloomsbury

title: J. K. Rowling

text: thought to be abandoning books for computers and television, although it is reported that despite the huge uptake of the books, adolescent reading has continued to decline. In October 1998, Warner Bros. purchased the film rights to the first two novels for a seven-figure sum. A film adaptation of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" was released on 16 November 2001, and "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" on 15 November 2002. Both films were directed by Chris Columbus. The film version of "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" was released on 4 June 2004, directed by Alfonso

text: designs from "Oliver!" (1968) and "The Godfather" (1972). Steve Kloves was selected to write the screenplay. He described adapting the book as "tough", as it did not "lend itself to adaptation as well as the next two books." Kloves often received synopses of books proposed as film adaptations from Warner Bros., which he "almost never read", but "Harry Potter" jumped out at him. He went out and bought the book, and became an instant fan of the series. When speaking to Warner Bros., he stated that the film had to be British, and had to be true to the characters.

text: new authors for Bloomsbury Children's Books, recommended accepting the book, and the eight-year-old daughter of Bloomsbury's chief executive said it was "so much better than anything else". Bloomsbury accepted the book, paying Rowling a £2,500 advance, and Cunningham sent proof copies to carefully chosen authors, critics and booksellers in order to obtain comments that could be quoted when the book was launched. He was less concerned about the book's length than about its author's name, since the title sounded like a boys' book to him, and he believed boys preferred books by male authors. Rowling therefore adopted the "nom de

text: as Dumbledore and of foreign actors as characters of the same nationalities in later books. After extensive casting, filming began in September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and in London, with production ending in July 2001. "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" was released in London on 14 November 2001. Reviewers' comments were positive, as reflected by an 80% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and by a score of 64% at Metacritic, representing "generally favourable reviews". Five unique video games by different developers were released between 2001 and 2003 by Electronic Arts, that were loosely based on the film and

text: been translated into at least 73 other languages, and has been made into a feature-length film of the same name, as have all six of its sequels. Most reviews were very favourable, commenting on Rowling's imagination, humour, simple, direct style and clever plot construction, although a few complained that the final chapters seemed rushed. The writing has been compared to that of Jane Austen, one of Rowling's favourite authors; Roald Dahl, whose works dominated children's stories before the appearance of Harry Potter; and the Ancient Greek story-teller Homer. While some commentators thought the book looked backwards to Victorian and Edwardian

text: that one obstacle to finding the Philosopher's Stone is a test of logic rather than magical power, and that most wizards have no chance of solving it. Nel suggested that the unflattering characterisation of the extremely conventional, status-conscious, materialistic Dursleys was Rowling's reaction to the family policies of the British government in the early 1990s, which treated the married heterosexual couple as the "preferred norm", while the author was a single mother. Harry's relationships with adult and juvenile wizards are based on affection and loyalty. This is reflected in his happiness whenever he is a temporary member of the Weasley

text: the time, and that some other changes could be regarded as useful copyedits. Since the British editions of early titles in the series were published months prior to the American versions, some American readers became familiar with the British English versions due to buying them from online retailers. At first the most prestigious reviewers ignored the book, leaving it to book trade and library publications such as "Kirkus Reviews" and "Booklist", which examined it only by the entertainment-oriented criteria of children's fiction. However, more penetrating specialist reviews (such as one by "Cooperative Children's Book Center Choices", which pointed out the

text: one in top place. The only other really popular children's author of the late 1990s was an American, R. L. Stine. Some of the story elements in "Philosopher's Stone" resembled parts of Dahl's stories. For example, the hero of "James and the Giant Peach" lost his parents and had to live with a pair of unpleasant auntsone fat and one thin rather like Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, who treated Harry as a servant. However Harry Potter was a distinctive creation, able to take on the responsibilities of an adult while remaining a child inside. Librarian Nancy Knapp and marketing professor

long_answer: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling. It is the first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling's debut novel, first published in 1997 by Bloomsbury. It was published in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone by Scholastic Corporation in 1998. The plot follows Harry Potter, a young wizard who discovers his magical heritage as he makes close friends and a few enemies in his first year at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. With the help of his friends, Harry faces an attempted comeback by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents, but failed to kill Harry when he was just 15 months old.


question: who is the father of genetics and what did he study

answers: the common edible pea

answers: Mendel

answers: pea plants

answers: variation in plants

answers: Gregor Mendel

title: Arno Motulsky

text: In 1957 he founded The Division of Medical Genetics at the University of Washington in 1957. Over his career Dr. Motulsky made many significant contributions to research, patient care and education in human genetics. He was noted for his work on blood diseases, the heritability of lipid disorders, the role of genetic variation in disease, and genetic reasons why people differ in their responses to medications and environmental substances. Born in Fischhausen near Königsberg, East Prussia to Jewish parents. When the Nazi campaign escalated, his father was forced to escape to Cuba. At age 16 in 1939, the young Motulsky

title: Rudolph Leibel

text: genetics played a major role in determining body weight regulation in humans, Leibel left Harvard University to join Jules Hirsch at Rockefeller University with the goal of finding the factor that drove eating. In collaboration with Douglas Coleman, Leibel determined that a mutation of the ob gene resulted in mice that were unable to manufacture a working satiety-signaling protein and that a db mutation resulted in mice that had the protein, but lacked the ability to detect the signal. Leibel and Hirsch began a series of scientific investigations aimed at laying the groundwork for determining the connection between genetics and

title: Jacques Monod

text: to Boris Ephrussi he owes the discovery of physiological genetics, and to Louis Rapkine the concept that only chemical and molecular descriptions could provide a complete interpretation of the function of living organisms." Before his doctoral work, Monod spent a year in the laboratory of Thomas Hunt Morgan at the California Institute of Technology working on Drosophila genetics. This was a true revelation for him and probably influenced him on developing a genetic conception of biochemistry and metabolism. His doctoral work explored the growth of bacteria on mixtures of sugars and documented the sequential utilization of two or more sugars.

title: History of biology

text: material. Between 1910 and 1915, Thomas Hunt Morgan and the "Drosophilists" in his fly lab forged these two ideas—both controversial—into the "Mendelian-chromosome theory" of heredity. They quantified the phenomenon of genetic linkage and postulated that genes reside on chromosomes like beads on string; they hypothesized crossing over to explain linkage and constructed genetic maps of the fruit fly "Drosophila melanogaster", which became a widely used model organism. Hugo de Vries tried to link the new genetics with evolution; building on his work with heredity and hybridization, he proposed a theory of mutationism, which was widely accepted in the early 20th

title: Gregor Mendel

text: Gregor Mendel, who is known as the "father of modern genetics", was inspired by both his professors at the Palacký University, Olomouc (Friedrich Franz and Johann Karl Nestler), and his colleagues at the monastery (such as Franz Diebl) to study variation in plants. In 1854, Napp authorized Mendel to carry out a study in the monastery's 2 hectares (4.9 acres) experimental garden, which was originally planted by Napp in 1830. Unlike Nestler, who studied hereditary traits in sheep, Mendel used the common edible pea and started his experiments in 1856.

title: Introduction to genetics

text: Introduction to genetics Genetics is the study of heredity and variations. Heredity and variations are controlled by genes—what they are, what they do, and how they work. Genes inside the nucleus of a cell are strung together in such a way that the sequence carries information: that information determines how living organisms inherit various features (phenotypic traits). For example, offspring produced by sexual reproduction usually look similar to each of their parents because they have inherited some of each of their parents' genes. Genetics identifies which features are inherited, and explains how these features pass from generation to generation. In

title: Thomas Hunt Morgan

text: carried on chromosomes and are the mechanical basis of heredity. These discoveries formed the basis of the modern science of genetics. During his distinguished career, Morgan wrote 22 books and 370 scientific papers. As a result of his work, "Drosophila" became a major model organism in contemporary genetics. The Division of Biology which he established at the California Institute of Technology has produced seven Nobel Prize winners. Morgan was born in Lexington, Kentucky, to Charlton Hunt Morgan and Ellen Key Howard Morgan. Part of a line of Southern planter elite on his father's side, Morgan was a nephew of Confederate

title: History of genetics

text: "Drosophila melanogaster". Led by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his fellow "drosophilists", geneticists developed the Mendelian model, which was widely accepted by 1925. Alongside experimental work, mathematicians developed the statistical framework of population genetics, bringing genetic explanations into the study of evolution. With the basic patterns of genetic inheritance established, many biologists turned to investigations of the physical nature of the gene. In the 1940s and early 1950s, experiments pointed to DNA as the portion of chromosomes (and perhaps other nucleoproteins) that held genes. A focus on new model organisms such as viruses and bacteria, along with the discovery of the

title: History of genetics

text: cousin, Francis Galton. In 1883 August Weismann conducted experiments involving breeding mice whose tails had been surgically removed. His results — that surgically removing a mouse's tail had no effect on the tail of its offspring — challenged the theories of pangenesis and Lamarckism, which held that changes to an organism during its lifetime could be inherited by its descendants. Weismann proposed the germ plasm theory of inheritance, which held that hereditary information was carried only in sperm and egg cells. Hugo de Vries wondered what the nature of germ plasm might be, and in particular he wondered whether or

title: Arno Motulsky

text: Arno Motulsky Arno Motulsky (5 July 1923 – 17 January 2018) was a professor of medical genetics and genome sciences at the University of Washington. Through his research, writing and mentoring, he helped create and define the field of medical genetics. He is also known as the "father of pharmacogenomics" (the study of how drug action and metabolism differ among people due to genetic variability) based on his report in 1957 of negative drug responses in some patients depending upon their genetics at critical enzymes. Dr. Motulsky joined the faculty at the University of Washington School of Medicine in 1953.

title: History of genetics

text: Hippocrates and Aristotle. Hippocrates' theory (possibly based on the teachings of Anaxagoras) was similar to Darwin's later ideas on pangenesis, involving heredity material that collects from throughout the body. Aristotle suggested instead that the (nonphysical) form-giving principle of an organism was transmitted through semen (which he considered to be a purified form of blood) and the mother's menstrual blood, which interacted in the womb to direct an organism's early development. For both Hippocrates and Aristotle—and nearly all Western scholars through to the late 19th century—the inheritance of acquired characters was a supposedly well-established fact that any adequate theory of heredity

title: Laurence H. Snyder

text: a slip of paper in a solution containing PTC and letting the paper dry. This technique opened new ground for Snyder and other geneticists to test patients with other heritable conditions for PTC sensitivity, in hope of finding linkage groups: the presence of two genes sufficiently close to each other on a chromosome such that the inheritance of one trait indicates a high probability of inheriting the other. Snyder's findings on identifying heritable diseases was another significant contribution to the clinical applications of genetics. The reason why Snyder is the founding father of American genetics is not that much due

title: Darrel Waggoner

text: Waggoner researches genetic conditions and is currently working with Dr. Carole Ober studying clinic phenotypes of Hutterites. Darrel Waggoner Darrel Waggoner (Born 1966) is a professor of human genetics and pediatrics at the Pritzker School of Medicine, and is the director of Human Genetics at University of Chicago. Darrel Waggoner was born in Nashville, TN. He was the first person in his family to attend college and attended St. Louis University where he studied chemistry. When he decided to matriculate into Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine his father "didn't believe him at first". After graduating from medical

title: Laurence H. Snyder

text: the overall title, "Studies in Human Inheritance". These range over subjects that include blood groups, polydactylism, hemophilia, baldness, sex ratios, Rh incompatibility, and other topics. Perhaps his most remembered work is his study of phenylthiocarbamide, a chemical that tastes bitter to some individuals but is without taste to others, depending on the inheritance of a single gene. In the early 1920s, the debate over the ABO blood group emerged with great enthusiasm in the scientific arena. Polish bacteriologist Ludwik Hirszfeld and his wife, pediatrician Hanna Hirszfeld, proposed in 1919 that blood groups were a result of two independent genetic loci,

title: P. Michael Conneally

text: close by. He went to the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1958 and graduated with his Master's and Ph.D. in Medical Genetics in 1962 under direction of Newton Morton, an epidemiological geneticist, when James F. Crow was chairman of the Department of Medical Genetics. Conneally then spent two years at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland with Arthur Steinberg and worked with Hutterites, a genetic isolate in the western United States and Canada. He then came to the Indiana University School of Medicine in 1964 where he was appointed Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine on a tenure track.

title: George Beadle

text: George Beadle George Wells Beadle (October 22, 1903 – June 9, 1989) was an American scientist in the field of genetics, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nobel laureate who with Edward Tatum discovered the role of genes in regulating biochemical events within cells in 1958. Beadle and Tatum's key experiments involved exposing the bread mold "Neurospora crassa" to x-rays, causing mutations. In a series of experiments, they showed that these mutations caused changes in specific enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. These experiments led them to propose a direct link between genes and enzymatic reactions, known as the One

title: Laurence Hurst

text: The Genetics Society Medal in 2010. Laurence Hurst Laurence Daniel Hurst (born 1965) FMedSci FRS is a Professor of Evolutionary Genetics in the Department of Biology and Biochemistry at the University of Bath and the director of the Milner Centre for Evolution. Hurst was educated at Truro School and completed his Bachelor of Arts in Natural Sciences (Zoology) at Churchill College, Cambridge, in 1987. After a year at Harvard University he returned to the UK, and was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Oxford in 1991 for research supervised by W. D. Hamilton and Alan Grafen.

title: Claudio Barigozzi

text: the geneticists Ercole Ottaviano, Giuseppe Gavazzi, and Alessandro Camussi. Claudio Barigozzi Claudio Barigozzi (1909 – 5 August 1996) was an Italian biologist and geneticist. Barigozzi taught genetics at the University of Milan in 1948, and was a scholar of the transmission of hereditary traits using Drosophila and Artemia as model organisms. An adviser of the "Centro Lombardo per l'incremento della Orto-floro-frutticoltura" in Minoprio, Italy, he promoted genetic research as a member of the Italian National Research Council's committee for the study of genetics in 1961, of the scientific board of the National Genetics Centre in Rome in 1963, and other

title: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

text: heterosis, or "hybrid vigor." This would become the foundation of modern agricultural genetics. Clarence C. Little in 1916 was among the first scientists to demonstrate a genetic component of cancer. E. Carleton MacDowell in 1928 discovered a strain of mouse called C58 that developed spontaneous leukemia – an early mouse model of cancer. In 1933, Oscar Riddle isolated prolactin, the milk secretion hormone and Wilbur Swingle participated in the discovery of adrenocortical hormone, used to treat Addison's disease. Milislav Demerec was named director of the Laboratory in 1941. Demerec shifted the Laboratory's research focus to the genetics of microbes, thus

title: Frederick Bieber

text: of ethics and mathematics. During his undergraduate studies at the State University of New York at Oswego, he spent a summer in research at the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, where he decided that further studies in human genetics would provide an opportunity to make contributions to genetics without having to perform research on experimental animals. While a graduate student at the University of Rochester he became interested in researching the genetics of hearing loss after recognizing that deafness and hearing disorders was one of the few phenotypes for which positive assortative mating was common. He then moved to

title: Leo Sachs

text: doors to Palestine were virtually closed by the British, so Sachs began studying agricultural botany at the University of Wales, became fascinated along the way by genetics and development, and ended up completing a PhD in genetics in 1951 at Cambridge University. Upon moving to Israel, he began to contribute to the fledgling country in the way he knew best – as a geneticist at the Weizmann Institute. Because there were no animal studies yet at the Institute, Sachs started working on a theory that human amniotic fluid, which bathes the baby in the womb, contains fetal cells that provide

title: J. B. S. Haldane

text: J. B. S. Haldane John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (; 5 November 18921 December 1964) was an English, later Indian scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics. He was the son of the equally famous John Scott Haldane, and was a professed socialist, Marxist, atheist and humanist whose political dissent led him to leave England in 1956 and live in India, becoming a naturalised Indian citizen in 1961. His first paper in 1915 demonstrated genetic linkage in mammals while subsequent

title: Oswald Avery

text: was the carrier of genes in cells. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase furthered Avery's research in 1952 with the Hershey–Chase experiment. These experiments paved the way for Watson and Crick's discovery of the helical structure of DNA, and thus the birth of modern genetics and molecular biology. Of this event, Avery wrote in a letter to his youngest brother Roy, a bacteriologist at the Vanderbilt School of Medicine: "It's lots of fun to blow bubbles but it's wiser to prick them yourself before someone else tries to." Nobel laureate Joshua Lederberg stated that Avery and his laboratory provided "the historical

title: Genetics

text: modern genetics has expanded beyond inheritance to studying the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including epigenetics and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya). Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture. The intracellular or extracellular environment of a cell

title: Felix Konotey-Ahulu

text: Professor of Human Genetics, University of Cape Coast, Ghana" after having been awarded an honorary DSc degree. His inaugural lecture was titled "Human Genetics and the Ghanaian African: How The New Genetics Affects You". In 2000 he was elected Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences. In June 1973 he was invited to join The World Council of Churches' Consultation on Genetics and Quality of Life, chaired by Dr Robert Edwards, and more than 30 years later he is still in contact with Bob Edwards through the Ethics Committee of the Cromwell Hospital, London, where Konotey-Ahulu was Consultant Physician

title: Genetics

text: molecule responsible for inheritance. James Watson and Francis Crick determined the structure of DNA in 1953, using the X-ray crystallography work of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins that indicated DNA has a helical structure (i.e., shaped like a corkscrew). Their double-helix model had two strands of DNA with the nucleotides pointing inward, each matching a complementary nucleotide on the other strand to form what look like rungs on a twisted ladder. This structure showed that genetic information exists in the sequence of nucleotides on each strand of DNA. The structure also suggested a simple method for replication: if the strands

title: William Curtis Farabee

text: he did not leave any academic progeny, his ideas and research remain with us today. William Curtis Farabee William C. Farabee (1865–1925), the second individual to obtain a doctorate in physical anthropology from Harvard University, engaged in a wide range of anthropological work during his time as a professor at Harvard and then as a researcher at the University Museum, Philadelphia, but is best known for his work in human genetics and his ethnographic and geographic work in South America. He was an 1894 graduate of Waynesburg College. Farabee demonstrated that Mendelian genetics operate in man. The founder of genetics,

title: Laurence H. Snyder

text: Snyder went on to establish four medical genetics programs on his own and was directly involved in the founding of at least two others. He was also a founder of the first professional society in medical genetics in 1948. As observed recurring in his writing, Snyder advocated that doctors should learn about genetics due to six reasons: (1) genetics could aid in diagnosis; (2) it could elucidate ways to prevent people from suffering from genetic disease; (3) it could be useful when there are legal implications, such as during cases of disputed paternity; (4) it plays a role in genetic

title: Human genetics

text: Human genetics Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling. Genes can be the common factor of the qualities of most human-inherited traits. Study of human genetics can be useful as it can answer questions about human nature, understand the diseases and development of effective disease treatment, and understand genetics of human life. This article describes only basic features of human genetics; for the genetics of disorders please see:

title: History of genetics

text: of the fruit fly "Drosophila melanogaster". In 1928, Frederick Griffith showed that genes could be transferred. In what is now known as Griffith's experiment, injections into a mouse of a deadly strain of bacteria that had been heat-killed transferred genetic information to a safe strain of the same bacteria, killing the mouse. A series of subsequent discoveries led to the realization decades later that the genetic material is made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). In 1941, George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum showed that mutations in genes caused errors in specific steps in metabolic pathways. This showed that specific genes

title: Gregor Mendel

short_answers:
Gregor Mendel
the common edible pea
variation in plants