question: architectural elements forming rib vaults eg wells cathedral

answers: an armature of piped masonry

answers: barrel vaults

answers: two to three barrel vaults

title: Wells Cathedral

text: of the 14th century by William Joy. The vault has a multiplicity of ribs in a net-like form, which is very different from that of the nave, and is perhaps a recreation in stone of a local type of compartmented wooden roof of which examples remain from the 15th century, including those at St Cuthbert's Church, Wells. The vaults of the aisles of the choir also have a unique pattern. Until the early 14th century, the interior of the cathedral was in a unified style, but it was to undergo two significant changes, to the tower and to the eastern

title: Rib vault

text: best examples of which is in the vault of the oriel window of Crosby Hall, London. The tendency to increase the number of ribs led to singular results in some cases, as in the choir of Gloucester Cathedral where the ordinary diagonal ribs become mere ornamental mouldings on the surface of an intersected pointed barrel vault, and again in the cloisters, where the introduction of the fan vault, forming a concave-sided conoid, returned to the principles of the Roman geometrical vault. This is further shown in the construction of these fan vaults, for although in the earliest examples each of

title: Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England

text: seemingly endless and undifferentiated row of narrow arches. Salisbury has a similar lack of verticals while the course below the triforium and the undecorated capitals of Purbeck stone create strong visual horizontals. In the cases of Winchester, Norwich and Exeter the horizontal effect is created by the emphasis on the ridge rib of the elaborate vaults. The complexity of the vault is another significant feature of English cathedrals. The vaults range from the simple quadripartite vault in the French manner at Chichester through increasingly elaborate forms including the multi-ribbed (“tierceron”) vault at Exeter, the similar vault with inter-connecting (“lierne”) ribs

title: Bristol Cathedral

text: vaulting a roof space using stone ribs and panels of infill, the bearing ribs all spring from columns along the walls. There is commonly a rib called the ridge rib which runs along the apex of the vault. There may be intermediate or "tierceron" ribs, which have their origin at the columns. In Decorated Gothic there are occasionally short lierne ribs connecting the bearing and tierceron ribs at angles, forming stellar patterns. This is the feature that appears at Bristol, at a very early date, and quite unlike the way that "lierne" ribs are used elsewhere. In this case, there

title: Rib vault

title: French Romanesque architecture

text: circular base ("Sur pendentifs"), composed of barrel arches meeting at right angles. The six-part rib vault, a key innovation in the transition to Gothic architecture, had been introduced in England in about 1100, and made its first appearance in France in the reconstruction of the naves of the The church of the Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen The Abbey of Sainte-Trinité, Caen, in about 1120. It also appeared in Burgundy and in an experimental version at the Abbey of Vezelay at about the same time. These vaults allowed ceilings that were lighter and stronger, and carried the weight outwards to columns

title: Gothic architecture

text: and often framed by moldings, which was used to create larger windows and to balance the strong vertical elements. The design of the rib vaults became even more complex, including the fan vault with pendants used in the Henry IV chapel at Westminster Abbey (1503–07). A distinctive characteristic of English cathedrals is their extreme length, and their internal emphasis upon the horizontal, which may be emphasised visually as much or more than the vertical lines. Each English cathedral (with the exception of Salisbury) has an extraordinary degree of stylistic diversity, when compared with most French, German and Italian cathedrals. It

title: Rib vault

text: vaulting of compartments of varying shapes seen at the Abbey of St. Denis. Whilst the pointed rib-arch is often seen as an identifier for Gothic architecture, Durham is a Romanesque cathedral whose masons experimented with the possibility of rib-arches before it was widely adopted by western church architecture. It was in the church at Vezelay (1140) that it was extended to the square bay of the porch. Before entering into the question of the web or stone shell of the vault carried on the ribs, the earlier development of the great vaults which were thrown over the naves of a

text: and the west window of Exeter. Further development included the repetition of Curvilinear or flame-like forms that occur in a great number of windows of around 1320, notably in the retro-choir at Wells and the nave of Exeter Cathedral. This type of tracery is often seen in combination with vaulting ribs of extreme projection and very rich moulding, as is seen in the chapter house at Wells, and the vault at Exeter, which stretches, uninterrupted by a central tower, for 91 metres (300 ft) and is the longest medieval vault in the world. The last stage of Curvilinear or Flowing

text: vault in England is at Westminster Abbey at , that at York Minster being of the same height but despite its appearance, not actually of stone, but wood. The majority of English cathedrals have vaults ranging in height from . These contrast with cathedrals such as Beauvais, Amiens and Cologne with internal heights of over . An important feature of English cathedrals, uncommon elsewhere except in Normandy, is the large and often elaborate square central tower over the crossing. The larger of these towers range from at Wells to at Lincoln. The central tower may exist as a single feature

title: Vault (architecture)

text: exist at Canterbury (1175) (set out by William of Sens), Rochester (1200), Lincoln (1215), Durham (east transept), and "St. Faith's chapel", Westminster Abbey. In the earlier stage of rib vaulting, the arched ribs consisted of independent or separate voussoirs down to the springing; the difficulty, however, of working the ribs separately led to two other important changes: (1) the lower part of the transverse diagonal and wall ribs were all worked out of one stone; and (2) the lower horizontal, constituting what is known as the tas-de-charge or solid springer. The tas-de-charge, or solid springer, had two advantages: (1) it

text: in the Perpendicular style including those of the cathedrals of Gloucester, Worcester, Wells, York, Durham and Canterbury, and the spires of Chichester and Norwich. The design of church interiors went through a final stage that lasted into the 16th century. This was the development of fan vaulting, first used in about 1370 in the cloisters at Gloucester, then in the retrochoir at Peterborough in the early 15th century. In a still more elaborate form with stone pendants it was used to roof the Norman choir at Oxford and in the great funerary chapel of Henry VII at Westminster Abbey, at

text: and richly decorated doorways at Ely and Rochester. Characteristic of this period of Gothic is elaborate lierne vaulting in which the main ribs are connected by intermediate ribs which do not spring from the wall and so are not major structural members. The vaults of Bristol are the most famous examples of this style, which can also be seen at York. In the 1330s, when the architects of Europe were embracing the Flamboyant style, English architecture moved away from the Flowing Decorated in an entirely different and much more sober direction with the reconstruction, in highly modular form, of the

title: Church architecture of England

text: trefoils and quadrifoils; completely circular rose windows were made, incorporating all manner of shapes. More formal reticulated (netlike) tracery can also be found, as in Wells Cathedral. Exotic forms included the ogee arch, in which the curves of the arch are reversed in the upper part thus meeting at an acute angle at the apex; others included so-called Kentish tracery with its insertion of spikey points between the rounded lobes of trefoils and quatrefoils. Larger windows inevitably weakened the walls which were now supported by large exterior buttresses which came to be a feature. Columns forming the arcades within churches

title: Rib vault

text: cathedral, or church, before the introduction of the pointed arch rib, shall here be noted. As has been pointed out, the aisles had already in the early Christian churches been covered over with groined vaults, the only advance made in the later developments being the introduction of transverse ribs' dividing the bays into square compartments; but when in the 12th century the first attempts were made to vault over the naves, another difficulty presented itself, because the latter were twice the width of the aisles, so that it became necessary to include two bays of the aisles to form one

title: Vault (architecture)

text: term ploughshare vaulting is given. One of the earliest examples of the introduction of the intermediate rib is found in the nave of Lincoln Cathedral, and there the ridge rib is not carried to the wall rib. It was soon found, however, that the construction of the web was much facilitated by additional ribs, and consequently there was a tendency to increase their number, so that in the nave of Exeter Cathedral three intermediate ribs were provided between the wall rib and the diagonal rib. In order to mask the junction of the various ribs, their intersections were ornamented with

title: Vault (architecture)

text: ribs become mere ornamental mouldings on the surface of an intersected pointed barrel vault, and again in the cloisters, where the introduction of the fan vault, forming a concave-sided conoid, returned to the principles of the Roman geometrical vault. This is further shown in the construction of these fan vaults, for although in the earliest examples each of the ribs above the tas-de-charge was an independent feature, eventually it was found easier to carve them and the web out of the solid stone, so that the rib and web were purely decorative and had no constructional or independent functions. The

title: Rib vault

text: new in the late eleventh century, for example in the roofs of the choir side-aisles at Durham Cathedral. Romanesque ancestors of the Gothic rib vault can be found in early Gothic constructions at Cefalù, Caen, Durham, and elsewhere. Some ribbed vaults even have six sections in each bay (for example, the sexpartite vault, formed by the intersection of three half "barrels"). These advances in vaulting allowed for the addition of windows higher up in the building's walls, in the clerestory and the triforium. Early Gothic buildings commonly display ribbed vaulting made of stone for the support of the weight of

title: French Gothic architecture

text: famous cathedrals, including Chartres Cathedral, Reims Cathedral, and Amiens Cathedral. The Gothic style emerged from innovative use of existing technologies, such as the pointed arch and the rib vault. The rib vault was known in the earlier Romanesque period, but it was not widely or effectively used until the Gothic period. The crossed ribs of the vault carried the weight outwards and downwards, to clusters of supporting pillars and columns. The earlier rib vaults, used at Sens Cathedral and Notre-Dame Cathedral, had six compartments bordered by ribs and the crossing arch, which transferred the weight to alternating columns and pillars.

title: Vault (architecture)

text: the great vaults which were thrown over the naves of a cathedral, or church, before the introduction of the pointed arch rib, shall here be noted. As has been pointed out, the aisles had already in the early Christian churches been covered over with groined vaults, the only advance made in the later developments being the introduction of transverse ribs' dividing the bays into square compartments; but when in the 12th century the first attempts were made to vault over the naves, another difficulty presented itself, because the latter were twice the width of the aisles, so that it became

title: Wells Cathedral

text: lines linking the three stages, as the shafts supporting the vault rise above the triforium. The exterior of Wells Cathedral presents a relatively tidy and harmonious appearance since the greater part of the building was executed in a single style, Early English Gothic. This is uncommon among English cathedrals where the exterior usually exhibits a plethora of styles. At Wells, later changes in the Perpendicular style were universally applied, such as filling the Early English lancet windows with simple tracery, the construction of a parapet that encircles the roof, and the addition of pinnacles framing each gable, similar to those

title: Architecture of England

text: of a nave and a narrower chancel; these are often accompanied by a west tower. Some feature "porticus" (projecting chambers) to the west or to the north and south, creating a cruciform plan. Characteristic features include quoins in 'long-and-short work' (alternating vertical and horizontal blocks) and small windows with rounded or triangular tops, deeply splayed or in groups of two or three divided by squat columns. The most common form of external decoration is lesene strips (thin vertical or horizontal strips of projecting stone), typically combined with blind arcading. Notable examples of this exist at Earls Barton, Bradford-on-Avon and Barton-upon-Humber.

title: Romanesque architecture

text: both Peterborough and Ely. In Italy where open wooden roofs are common, and tie beams frequently occur in conjunction with vaults, the timbers have often been decorated as at San Miniato al Monte, Florence. Vaults of stone or brick took on several different forms and showed marked development during the period, evolving into the pointed ribbed arch characteristic of Gothic architecture. The simplest type of vaulted roof is the barrel vault in which a single arched surface extends from wall to wall, the length of the space to be vaulted, for example, the nave of a church. An important example,

text: impressive vault, the longest medieval vault in the world, which runs between two Norman towers placed, uniquely among the cathedrals, over the transepts. Exeter has many sculptural details, including the figures of its west front. Dating from 1098 to 1493, Gloucester Cathedral has a Norman nave with massive masonry piers, and a fine 15th-century Perpendicular tower, but its main feature is the eastern end, reconstructed in the 14th century as an early example of Perpendicular Gothic and with the largest medieval window in the world, the area of a tennis court. The cloisters have the earliest example of fan-vaulting. Built

title: Gothic architecture

text: a limited space. In later cathedral construction, the design was improved, and the rib vaults had only four compartments, and could cover a wider span; a single vault could cross the nave, and fewer pillars were needed. The four-part vault was used at Amiens, Reims, and the other later cathedrals, and eventually at cathedrals across Europe. In the later period of the Gothic style, the rib vaults lost their elegant simplicity, and were loaded with additional ribs, sculptural designs, and sometimes pendants and other purely decorative elements. Another important feature of Gothic architecture was the flying buttress, designed to support

title: Wells Cathedral

text: known as "lierne ribs" and which in this case form a star-shaped pattern at the apex of the vault. It is one of the earliest lierne vaults in England. There are five large windows, which are filled with fragments of medieval glass. In the east window the figures are all of the nineteenth century. The tracery of the windows is in the style known as Reticulated, having a pattern of a single repeated shape, in this case a trefoil, giving a "reticulate" or net-like appearance. The openings are also described as fish scales. The retrochoir extends across the east end

title: Durham Cathedral

text: whether these rib vaults were four-part or six-part, which remains unresolved. The building is notable for the ribbed vault of the nave roof, with some of the earliest pointed transverse arches supported on relatively slender composite piers alternated with massive drum columns, and lateral abutments concealed within the triforium over the aisles. These featues appear to be precursors of the Gothic architecture of Northern France a few decades later, doubtless due to the Norman stonemasons responsible, although the building is considered Romanesque overall. The skilled use of the pointed arch and ribbed vault made it possible to cover far more

text: at Norwich, the still more elaborate variation at Winchester (with more than one-thousand carved bosses), the array of unique lierne vaults at Bristol, the net-like stellar vaulting of the choirs at Gloucester and York, the fan vaulting of the retro-choir at Peterborough, and the pendant vaulting of the choir at Oxford, where elaborate long stone bosses are suspended from the ceiling like lanterns. Many of the more elaborate forms are unique to England, with stellar vaulting also occurring in Spain and Germany. While in most cases a Norman church entirely replaced a Saxon one, at Ripon the cathedral uniquely retains

title: Rib vault

text: Sens), Rochester (1200), Lincoln (1215), Durham (east transept), and St. Faith's chapel, Westminster Abbey. In the earlier stage of rib vaulting, the arched ribs consisted of independent or separate voussoirs down to the springing; the difficulty, however, of working the ribs separately led to two other important changes: (I) the lower part of the transverse diagonal and wall ribs were all worked out of one stone; and (2) the lower horizontal, constituting what is known as the tas-de-charge or solid springer. Fig. 9 is a diagram made by Professor Willis taken from the south transept of Westminster Abbey. The horizontal

title: Islamic architecture

text: weight of the structure. The "non-radial rib vault", an architectural form of ribbed vaults with a superimposed spherical dome, is the characteristic architectural vault form of the Islamic East. From its beginnings in the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, this form of vault was used in a sequence of important buildings up to the period of Safavid architecture. Its main characteristics are: While intersecting pairs of ribs from the main decorative feature of Seljuk architecture, the ribs were hidden behind additional architectural elements in later periods, as exemplified in the dome of the Tomb of Ahmed Sanjar in Merv, until they

title: Rib vault

long_answer: The intersection of two to three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction. While the mechanics of the weight of a groin vault and its transmission outwards to the supporting pillars remained as it had been, the new use of rib vaults demonstrates the skill of the masons and the grandeur of the new ideas circulating at the introduction of Gothic architecture in the end of the eleventh century. This technique was new in the late eleventh century, for example in the roofs of the choir side-aisles at Durham Cathedral. Romanesque ancestors of the Gothic rib vault can be found in early Gothic constructions at Cefalù, Caen, Durham, and elsewhere.

short_answers:
an armature of piped masonry
barrel vaults
two to three barrel vaults


question: how many rooms is there in buckingham palace

answers: 775

answers: 775 rooms

title: Buckingham Palace

text: Royal Collection Trust as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses their offices, as well as those of the Princess Royal and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people. Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace () is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state

title: The Ritz Hotel, London

text: to the window frames and the wall mirrors which are surrounded by "clusters of reeds, with an inset behind which a curtain could hang without obscuring the moulding", according to Binney. As of 2015, The Ritz London has 134 guestrooms, of which 111 are bedrooms and 23 are suites. The main bedrooms are divided into three principal categories: Superior Queen/King/Twin, Executive King/Twin and Deluxe King/Twin. The Superior Queen and King rooms are and in size respectively, while the Executive and Deluxe king rooms are and The suites are divided into the categories: Junior Suite, Superior Suite, Executive Suite, Deluxe Suite,

title: Throne room

text: for official occasions. For instance it is in this room that the Lord Mayor and Councillors of the City of Westminster usually present an address of welcome to visiting heads of state on state visits. While the Throne Room of Buckingham Palace has two Throne Chairs, one for the reigning king or queen and another for the monarch's consort, the Throne Room at St. James's Palace contains only one Throne Chair, pertaining to the sovereign. As in the case of Buckingham Palace, the Throne is placed under a canopy. The velvet cloth behind the Throne is dominated by the Coat

title: Buckingham Palace

text: 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light. Smaller ceremonies such as the reception of new ambassadors take place in the "1844

title: Buckingham Palace

title: Buckingham Palace

text: époque cream and gold colour scheme. When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing. The rooms of the suite are linked by narrow corridors, one of them is given extra height and perspective by saucer domes designed by Nash in the style of Soane. A second corridor in the suite has Gothic-influenced cross-over vaulting. The Belgian Rooms themselves

title: Buckingham Palace

text: such as the "1844 Room", decorated in that year for the state visit of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, and the "1855 Room", in honour of the visit of Emperor Napoleon III of France. At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties. The Queen and Prince Philip use a smaller suite of rooms in the north wing. Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms

title: Cliveden

text: boardrooms (Churchill and Macmillan) was completed. There are 48 bedrooms and suites, all of which are named after previous owners and guests (e.g. Buckingham, Westminster). In addition to the Terrace Dining room, there are a further four private dining rooms. Three rooms are licensed for civil ceremonies and each year many couples are married at Cliveden. The hotel also leases Spring Cottage by the Thames, one of the key places in the Profumo Affair, and offer it as self-contained accommodation. The hotel was listed on the London Stock Exchange for a period of time in the 1990s (as Cliveden Plc).

title: Throne room

text: The throne room of Buckingham Palace, residence of the British Monarch in the capital city of London, is used for court gatherings and as a second dancing room. It is dominated by a proscenium arch supported by a pair of winged figures of 'victory' holding garlands above the two thrones, which are originals from the Queen's coronation in 1953. It is in the throne room that the Queen, on special occasions, receives loyal addresses. Another use of the throne room has been for formal wedding photographs. Apart from the Thrones in the room actually named Throne Room, there is also

title: Buckingham Palace

text: were decorated in their present style and named after Prince Albert's uncle Léopold I, first King of the Belgians. In 1936, the suite briefly became the private apartments of the palace when they were occupied by King Edward VIII. Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At long, wide and high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet

title: Witanhurst

text: in October 2011. The redevelopment of Witanhurst has received widespread attention in the media, much of it focusing on the large basement extension to the main house that extends for two storeys below the entire footprint of the building. When finished Witanhurst is expected to become the second largest private residence in London, after Buckingham Palace. It has 65 rooms spread across three floors, including 25 bedrooms. One of the largest is the ballroom, measuring long with a height of . It has oak flooring and the timber wall panels are in walnut, with carved cornices embellished with gold leaf.

title: Buckingham Palace

text: is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and long. The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer; other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial

title: Buckingham Palace

text: fire devastated many of its state rooms. In the year to 31 March 2017, 580,000 people visited the palace, and 154,000 visited the gallery. Her Majesty's Government is responsible for maintaining the palace in exchange for the profits made by the Crown Estate. In November 2015, the State Dining Room was closed for six months because its ceiling had become potentially dangerous. A 10-year schedule of maintenance work, including new plumbing, wiring, boilers, and radiators, and the installation of solar panels on the roof, has been estimated to cost £369 million and was approved by the prime minister in November

title: Throne room

text: a pair of Thrones in the Buckingham Palace Ballroom, that is a larger multi-purpose hall within the Palace. The ballroom is also used for investiture ceremonies in the UK's honours system. Although British monarchs have resided in Buckingham Palace since the days of Queen Victoria, St. James's Palace remains the "senior palace" of the British monarchy. St James's remains a busy working palace, and also retains an important ceremonial function: it still is the place where the Accession Council customarily meets to proclaim the new Sovereign and to receive from them the required oath. St. James's Throne Room is used

title: Buckingham Palace

text: Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace () is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George

title: The Ritz Hotel, London

text: while Buckingham Palace turned offices into makeshift hotel rooms for visitors. An estimated 2,500 more persons needing rooms were expected shortly with the coming visit of the King of Spain. Though the opening of the Savoy had brought about a marked change in how hotels provided services to its guests, Ritz was determined that his London hotel would surpass its competitor in their delivery. The Ritz installed two large lead-lined tanks on its roof to provide a steady stream of hot and cold water. The hotel's bathrooms were all spacious with each having its own heated towel bar. Every bedroom

title: Buckingham Palace

text: Room". Here too, the Queen holds small lunch parties, and often meetings of the Privy Council. Larger lunch parties often take place in the curved and domed Music Room, or the State Dining Room. Since the bombing of the palace chapel in World War II, royal christenings have sometimes taken place in the Music Room. The Queen's first three children were all baptised there. On all formal occasions, the ceremonies are attended by the Yeomen of the Guard in their historic uniforms, and other officers of the court such as the Lord Chamberlain. Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore

title: Hampton Court Palace

text: Court. Under George I six rooms were completed in 1717 to the design of John Vanbrugh. Under George II and his wife, Caroline of Ansbach, further refurbishment took place, with the architect William Kent employed to design new furnishings and decor including the Queen's Staircase, (1733) and the Cumberland Suite (1737) for the Duke of Cumberland. Today, the Queen's Private Apartments are open to the public and include her bathroom and bedroom. The palace houses many works of art and furnishings from the Royal Collection, mainly dating from the two principal periods of the palace's construction, the early Tudor (Renaissance)

title: Rin Grand Hotel

text: Royal National Hotel (1,630 rooms) in London have more rooms. The modern building has two underground floors and 16 overground floors and a constructed surface area of . At first, the hotel was intended to have 1,000 rooms and the building, only 11 floors and the cost would have been around €30 million. But with the demolition of the Rossiya Hotel in Moscow, Russia, which was the second-largest hotel in Europe at the time with 3,200 rooms, the developers saw an opportunity to construct an even larger hotel than initially envisioned and thus the hotel was upgraded to 1,459 rooms

title: Monarchy of the United Kingdom

text: of about £ today). The sovereign's official residence in London is Buckingham Palace. It is the site of most state banquets, investitures, royal christenings and other ceremonies. Another official residence is Windsor Castle, the largest occupied castle in the world, which is used principally at weekends, Easter and during Royal Ascot, an annual race meeting that is part of the social calendar. The sovereign's official residence in Scotland is the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. The monarch stays at Holyrood for at least one week each year, and when visiting Scotland on state occasions. Historically, the Palace of Westminster and

title: Fairmont Royal York

text: of Sussex. The Queen usually has an entire floor reserved for her and her entourage, occupying the Royal Suite herself. The floors above and below the Royal Suite are vacated two weeks prior to the Queen's arrival, and remain that way until her departure. The hotel includes amenities and furnishings reserved exclusively for the Royal Family, including a private elevator to the Royal Suite. Furniture and hardware reserved for the Royal Family, including mattresses, and toilets, are placed in storage when not in use. The clock in the main lobby was donated to the Royal York Hotel from the Royal

title: Enfilade (architecture)

text: suites, as at Chatsworth House, Blenheim Palace, the Château de Louveciennes, or Boughton House. The bedrooms in such suites were often only slept in on royal visits, although as with many grand bedrooms before the nineteenth century, they might be used for other purposes. Other enfilades culminated in a room used as a throne room. The Palace of Westminster, shown below, comes into this category, as the monarch sits on a throne in the chamber of the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament. Sir Charles Barry's Palace of Westminster, more commonly known as the Houses of Parliament,

title: Buckingham Palace

text: trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II. The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992

title: Hotels in London

text: within the City of London, while Kensington and Chelsea actually had a small fall. This is comparing figures since 1981. The main concentration of luxury hotels is in the West End, especially in Mayfair and Soho. London's five star hotels are quite small on average by international standards. The largest, Grosvenor House Hotel, has only 494 rooms, and eighteen of them have fifty or fewer. The range is very wide, including: There are no official bodies that rate hotels. Most widely accepted bodies are the AA (in the past the RAC too) and the English Tourist Board. The ETB have

title: Hotels in London

text: into St George's Hospital, and began life as a hotel in 1991. There is no official registry of hotel rooms in London, but the estimated number of hotel rooms in Greater London in 2010 was put at 123,000. As in major tourist cities across the world, the hotel market has been disrupted by AirBnB and similar online marketplaces. According to figures produced in support of London's 2012 Olympic bid, there were more than 70,000 three to five star hotel rooms within 10 kilometres of Central London in 2003. The main growth was a huge rise in the number of rooms

title: Buckingham Palace

text: canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends. State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in

title: State room

text: This is certainly true at Wilton House, Blenheim Palace, and Castle Howard. On the other hand, there were a few houses, and royal palaces, most of them exceptionally large, which were laid out in such a way that the state rooms could be left in their original form, while other rooms were converted to meet the new needs of the 18th and 19th centuries, or where funds were available to simply add on extra wings to meet the new requirements. Examples of such residences with surviving state suites which have never really changed their function include Chatsworth House and Boughton

title: Throne room

text: under a canopy in the Robing Room, a room of the Palace that remains under the authority of the Crown (and not of either House of Parliament), under the direction of the Lord Great Chamberlain, and that is used by the monarch to robe and to unrobe before and after the State Opening of Parliament. Windsor Castle has a Throne Room known as the Garter Throne Room, where the investiture of new Knights of the Garter takes place once a year. The room accommodates two rows of chairs for all Knights of the Garter, with the sovereign's Throne at the

title: Holyrood Palace

text: lobby next to the Great Gallery, and a bedroom, leading from which are two turret rooms or closets. These rooms were occupied by Lord Darnley in the 16th century, and later formed part of the Queen's apartment in the reconstructed palace, before being taken over by the Duke of Hamilton from 1684. Queen Mary occupied an identical suite of rooms on the second floor of the tower: the bedchambers are linked by a private spiral stair. The Queen's outer chamber contains her oratory, and was the scene of the murder of David Rizzio, after he was dragged from the supper

title: Buckingham Palace

text: gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre. The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which still survive, included widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle

title: Buckingham Palace

long_answer: The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring.


question: who expanded the territory of china during the qing dynasty

answers: Qianlong

answers: the Qianlong Emperor

answers: Prince Bao

title: Zaixun, Prince Zhuang

text: Zaixun, Prince Zhuang Zaixun (24 January 1853 – 21 February 1901), formally known as Prince Zhuang, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He is best known for his involvement in the Boxer Rebellion. Zaixun was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as the second son of Yiren (奕仁; 1824–1874), the ninth successor to the Prince Zhuang peerage, one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages of the Qing dynasty. Born during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor, Zaixun initially held the title of a "fuguo gong". In 1875, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, he was promoted to

title: Hong Chengchou

text: area which included parts of present-day Shandong, Hebei and Tianjin). In 1642, he surrendered and defected to the Manchu-led Qing Empire after his defeat at the Battle of Songjin. He became one of the Qing Empire's leading Han Chinese scholar-politicians. While he was in office, he encouraged the Manchu rulers to adopt Han Chinese culture and provided advice to the Qing government on how to consolidate its control over the former territories of the fallen Ming Empire. Apart from Dorgon and Fan Wencheng (范文程), Hong Chengchou was regarded as one of the most influential politicians in the early Qing dynasty.

title: Hong Chengchou

text: Fujian in 1665. The location of his tomb is unknown. Hong Chengchou Hong Chengchou (1593–1665), courtesy name Yanyan and art name Hengjiu, was a Chinese official who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties. He was born in present-day Liangshan Village, Yingdu Town, Nan'an County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. After obtaining the position of a "jinshi" (進士; successful candidate) in the imperial examination in 1616 during the reign of the Wanli Emperor, he joined the civil service of the Ming Empire and served as an official in Shaanxi. During the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor (r. 1627–1644), he was promoted

title: Ying Lianzhi

text: was a prominent actor after 1949 and China's vice minister of culture from 1986-1990. His great grandson, Ying Da, is a prominent actor, director, talk show host, and television show creator in Beijing. His great great grandson, Rudi Ying, is a professional ice hockey player. Ying Lianzhi Ying Lianzhi (; November 23, 1867 – January 10, 1926), also known as Ying Hua (), was a Manchu Bannerman, a prominent Catholic layman who agitated for church reform, founder of the prominent newspaper "Ta Kung Pao", and instrumental in founding The Catholic University of Peking. From the Manchu Hešeri clan, although his

title: Qing dynasty

text: The Yongzheng Emperor died in 1735. His 24-year-old son, Prince Bao (寶親王), then became the Qianlong Emperor. Qianlong personally led military campaigns near Xinjiang and Mongolia, putting down revolts and uprisings in Sichuan and parts of southern China while expanding control over Tibet.

title: Yan Xishan

text: the Chinese mainland, isolating Shanxi from any source of economic or military supply. He has been viewed by Western biographers as a transitional figure who advocated using Western technology to protect Chinese traditions, while at the same time reforming older political, social and economic conditions in a way that paved the way for the radical changes that would occur after his rule. He was born in the late Qing Dynasty in Wutai County, Xinzhou, Shanxi, to a family that had been bankers and merchants for generations (Shanxi was known for its many successful banks until the late 19th century). As

title: Yao Qisheng

text: Yao Qisheng Yao Qisheng (; 1624–1683), courtesy name Xizhi (), was a regional official, diplomat, and statesman during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor in Qing Dynasty China. Yao was a pivotal figure in the Qing empire's annexation of Taiwan. Yao was born in the Shaoxing area of Zhejiang province during the waning years of the Ming dynasty. At age 20, he reputedly killed two soldiers who kidnapped a girl, and returned the girl to her family, earning him fame as a righteous figure in local lore. Due to having been wronged by local merchants, he joined the Qing army

title: Ronglu

text: of China and the Qing dynasty. Ronglu was born in the Manchu Guwalgiya clan, which was under the Plain White Banner of the Manchu Eight Banners. His grandfather, Tasiha (塔斯哈), served as an Imperial Resident in Kashgar. His father, Changshou (長壽), was a "zongbing" (總兵; a military commander). Ronglu was a "yinsheng" (蔭生), a type of position awarded to civil service candidates who successfully gained admission to the "Guozijian" (Imperial Academy). He started his career in the Ministry of Works as a "yuanwailang" (員外郎; assistant director) and was tasked with constructing roads in Zhili Province. In the early years of

title: Xu Jiyu

text: Xu Jiyu Xu Jiyu (; 1795–1873), native of Wutai County in Shanxi, high-ranking Chinese official and geographer during the late Qing dynasty. He is mostly known as the author of "A Short Account of the Maritime Circuit" (1849) and is widely regarded as an early participant of the Self-Strengthening Movement. Xu came from a scholarly family in Shanxi province; his father Xu Rundi had obtained the highest degree in the imperial examinations and served as a secretary in the Grand Secretariat. The young Xu was fond of studying and joined his father in Beijing, where he met a number of

title: He Garden

text: Yuanming. The original owner's last name was also "He". Born in 1835,He Zhidao(a 19th century Chinese envoy to France) had been appointed as the governor of Hangyang Prefecture ,Huang-zhou Prefecture and De`an Prefecture ,and supervisor of jianghan Barrier.He was alsoawarded to be a top ranking official of the consulting minister and later to be grand minister of consultation.National Affairs Crisis Since the country was surrounded by dangers then,He Zhidao could do nothing for his patriotism and anticipations to help the country become stronger and had to resign in middle age. Subject to his last wish,He Zhidao's descendants established Chizhi University

title: Ma Jianzhong

text: Ma Jianzhong Ma Jianzhong () (1845–1900), courtesy name Meishu (), also known as Ma Kié-Tchong in French, was a Chinese official and scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. Ma was born in Dantu (丹徒), Jiangsu province to a prominent Chinese Catholic family. After studies at a French Catholic school in Shanghai, Ma went to France in 1876 to study international law. He became the first Chinese to obtain a baccalauréat and in 1879 he obtained a diploma in law ("licence de droit") from École Libre des Sciences Politiques in Paris. Following his return to China in 1880, Ma became a

title: Ning (surname)

text: Emperor, born more than 4700 years ago), who was a great tribal chief at the time towards the end of primitive society in China, was honoured as the ancestor who had initiated Chinese civilization. He was also considered as the earliest ancestor of Ning's family. It is said that one of the descendants of Huangdi, Zhou Wen Wang (the first emperor of Zhou Dynasty) founded the Zhou Dynasty (771-221 BC) in central China, and allotted the present territory of Hebei Province and Henan Province upon his son, Kang Su, where Kangsu established the State of Wei, a state of Dukedom

title: Li Chunsheng

text: Li Chunsheng Li Chunsheng (; 12 January 1838 – 7 September 1924) was a Chinese businessman active in Qing-era Taiwan. Li was born in Xiamen, Fujian, mainland China, but he moved to Dadaocheng, Taipei, Taiwan in 1868. He possessed good business managing skills and was highly influential in Taiwan in his time. Li was born in Xiamen, Fujian during the Qing dynasty. His father was a boatman. Because of his poor family background, he only studied at a private school for a short time, and then dropped out to be a vendor for subsiding household purpose. In 1852, he became

title: Zhang Xianzhong

text: Zhang Xianzhong Zhang Xianzhong or Chang Hsien-chung (September 18, 1606 – January 2, 1647), nicknamed "Yellow Tiger", was a leader of a peasant revolt from Yan'an, Shaanxi Province. He conquered Sichuan in 1644, and named himself king of the Xi (Da-Xi) dynasty. His rule in Sichuan was brief and he was killed by the invading Manchu army. He is commonly associated with the massacres in Sichuan that depopulated the region. However, the extent of his killings is disputed. Zhang was born in Dingbian, Shaanxi province, China, into a poor family. He was described as tall in stature, had a yellow

title: Lian Heng

text: the third son of Lien Yung-ch'ang. Lian's ancestors originated from the city of Longxi County (now part of Longhai City), Fujian Province. The family had moved to Taiwan at the end of the Ming Dynasty as they were adamantly opposed to Manchu intrusions into China and the later foreign Qing dynasty. Born to a well-off family, Lian received an education in traditional Chinese fashion, learning Chinese characters, poetry, and the Confucian Classics. Lian gained an early interest in Chinese and Taiwanese culture and history from stories told him by his father and private tutors. With this exceptional schooling, Lian quickly

title: Li (surname 厲)

text: Dynasty. His descendant Li Jie (厉介) migrated south to Danyang when the Jurchen Jin dynasty overran much of northern China in the 12th century. During the Ming Dynasty, Li Guohua (厉国华) from the Danyang Li clan served as the governor of Fujian province. The Li clan of Liuyang, Hunan province is also said to descend from Li Wen, Marquis of Yiyang. Some of his descendants had moved to Jiangxi province by the Song Dynasty. From Jiangxi they then migrated to neighbouring Hunan. Li (surname 厲) Lì is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written in traditional character and in

title: Hong Chengchou

text: Hong Chengchou Hong Chengchou (1593–1665), courtesy name Yanyan and art name Hengjiu, was a Chinese official who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties. He was born in present-day Liangshan Village, Yingdu Town, Nan'an County, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. After obtaining the position of a "jinshi" (進士; successful candidate) in the imperial examination in 1616 during the reign of the Wanli Emperor, he joined the civil service of the Ming Empire and served as an official in Shaanxi. During the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor (r. 1627–1644), he was promoted to Minister of War and Viceroy of Suliao (薊遼; an

title: Monguor people

text: China by pushing the Liao Empire of the Khitans westward into Xinjiang. After the Jin Empire was destroyed by the Mongols in 1234, they withdrew back to Manchuria and returned later with the rejoined forces from the Mongols to establish the last dynasty of the Qing (1644–1912) in China under the new ethnonym of Manchu, or "Man Zu" in Chinese. The full national title of Western Xia was "the Great Xia Kingdom of the White and Mighty," or "Bai Gao Da Xia Guo" (白高大夏国). The term "White" (or "Bai") was designated to the founding ethnic group, the Xianbei descendants of

title: Zhang Zhidong

text: Zhang Zhidong Zhang Zhidong (4 September 18375 October 1909) was a Chinese official who lived during the late Qing dynasty. Along with Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong was one of the four most famous officials of the late Qing dynasty. Known for advocating controlled reform, he served as the Governor of Shanxi Province and Viceroy of Huguang, Liangguang and Liangjiang, and also as a member of the Grand Council. The Red Guards destroyed his tomb in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution; his remains were later rediscovered in 2007. Zhang Zhidong was also known by other names.

title: Xu Yingkui

text: Britain, the U.S., Germany, France, Spain, Netherlands, Sweden and Norway. After his retirement, Xu intended to construct a large and luxurious private garden in Guangzhou but died before the plan was carried out. Xu Yingkui First-rank court official Xu Yingkui (, 1830–1903), courtesy names Jun'an (筠庵) and Changde (昌德), was a 19th-century Qing dynasty politician who served as Viceroy of Min-Zhe, Governor of Fuzhou and General of Fujian from 1898 to 1903. He was one of the two Chinese representatives who signed the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, the other being Li Hongzhang. During Kang Youwei's Hundred

title: Names of the Qing dynasty

text: in Chinese-language version of treaties during the Qing dynasty (in Chinese version of the treaties the word for Great (大) always appeared before the word for Qing (淸) Names of the Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty () was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria (modern Northeast China) in the 17th century and became known by various names. Although it was established by the Manchu people, a Tungusic people ethnically unrelated to the native Chinese (Han Chinese), it was widely known in English as China or the Chinese Empire both during its existence, especially internationally, and after the

title: Giyesu

text: Giyesu Giyesu (; 1645–1697), formally known as Prince Kang, was a Manchu prince and general of the Qing dynasty. Born into the imperial Aisin Gioro clan, he was a distant cousin of the Kangxi Emperor and is best known for leading Qing forces to suppress a rebellion by Geng Jingzhong in southwestern China between 1674 and 1675 and repel an invasion by Taiwan warlord Zheng Jing in 1676–1677. Giyesu was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as a great-grandson of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. His grandfather, Daišan, was the founding title holder of the Prince Li

title: Ma Xinyi

text: fought for the Qing Dynasty. Born as a native of Heze, Shandong (荷澤) in 1821, he had successfully passed the imperial examinations at the age of 26 (1847), a prestigious achievement in China. He had earned the "Jinshi" degree, the highest level in the civil service examinations, which led to his appointment to the Hanlin Academy, a body of outstanding Chinese literary scholars who performed literary tasks for the imperial court. Ma Xinyi was later appointed as the governor-general of Liangjiang, a region comprising the provinces of Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu in 1868. He proved to be an able administrator,

title: Huang (surname)

text: from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) to Qing dynasty (1644–1912), when many Han Chinese followed the Anti-Manchu Ming loyalist forces under Zheng Chenggong, and crossed the Taiwan Strait to Taiwan island. Huang migration overseas began as early as the 14th century during the Ming dynasty to destinations in Southeast Asia. Migration to Americas began only in the mid-19th century following the forced opening of China's doors to the West. Huang is one of the largest Chinese surname clans in Americas today. The population of overseas Huang Clansmen was estimated at 2 million in 2000. The another surname 皇 has several origins:

title: Xia Yan (Ming dynasty)

text: Xia Yan (Ming dynasty) Xia Yan (; 1482–1548), courtesy name Gongjin (), was a Chinese politician of the Ming dynasty. Xia was born in Guixi, Jiangxi. His father, Xia Ding (), was the subprefectural magistrate of Linqing. In the early reign of the Jiajing Emperor, the emperor paid more attention on ceremony. Xia rationalized the emperor's grand scheme for four separate sacrifices to Heaven, Earth, the Sun, and the Moon, and endorsed it. Thus, he gained the emperor's favor. When the Jiajing Emperor went back to Zhongxiang and prayed at Xianling Tomb, Yan Song requested to let officials convey their

title: Zeng Guoquan

text: conquest of Tianjing (Nanjing), the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Zeng was notorious for condoning massacres of the city populace, which resulted in him being called "Zeng the Butcher" (曾屠戶). Zeng was born in Xiangxiang, Changsha Prefecture, Hunan Province. Zengzi was his ancestor. He sat for the imperial examination several times but failed to make the cut. During the Taiping Rebellion, Zeng assisted his brother Zeng Guofan in raising and organising local militias from Hunan to form the Xiang Army to fight the rebels. In 1856, he managed to recruit 3,000 troops from Hunan to reinforce Qing imperial forces

title: Xu Yingkui

text: Xu Yingkui First-rank court official Xu Yingkui (, 1830–1903), courtesy names Jun'an (筠庵) and Changde (昌德), was a 19th-century Qing dynasty politician who served as Viceroy of Min-Zhe, Governor of Fuzhou and General of Fujian from 1898 to 1903. He was one of the two Chinese representatives who signed the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, the other being Li Hongzhang. During Kang Youwei's Hundred Days' Reform, Xu opposed the reform and personally filed a complaint against Kang's conduct and political orientations. Xu was born in a prestigious gentry family from Guangzhou, Guangdong province, historically Panyu county of

title: Zaizhen

text: Zaizhen Zaizhen (31 March 1876 – 31 December 1947), courtesy name Yuzhou, was a Manchu prince and politician of the late Qing dynasty. Romanised forms of his name include Tsai-chen, Tsai-Chen, Tsai-Cheng. Zaizhen was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as the eldest son of Yikuang during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor. His family was from the Bordered Blue Banner of the Eight Banners. In 1894, Zaizhen was awarded the title of a second class "zhenguo jiangjun". Seven years later, he was promoted to "beizi". In 1902, Zaizhen represented the Qing Empire on a diplomatic trip to Great Britain

title: Zaize

text: Zaize Zaize (17 March 1876 – June 1929), born Zaijiao, courtesy name Yinping, was a Manchu noble of the Qing dynasty. He is best known for supporting reforms and advocating the adoption of a constitutional monarchy system in the final years of the Qing dynasty. Zaize was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as a descendant of Yunxu (允禑), the 15th son of the Kangxi Emperor. His father, Yicheng (奕棖), held the title of a second class "fuguo jiangjun". Yixun (奕詢; 1849–1871), the fourth son of Mianyu (綿愉; 1814–1865), had no male heir to succeed him, hence he adopted Zaize

title: Zhang Baixi

text: Zhang Baixi Zhang Baixi (; Courtesy Yěqiū (埜秋); Posthumous name: Wéndá (文達)) (1847 — March 30, 1907) was a Chinese government official during the late Qing Dynasty who is known for initializing the education reform. He was considered to be the "father of university" in China. Both the Peking University and the Beijing Normal University respect him as a founder and president. Zhang Baixi was born in Changsha County of Hunan province, where studied in the top local school, Chengnan 城南书院, under Guo Songtao (1818-1891). In 1874, he earned a Jinshi degree and was elevated to the Hanlin Academy. As

title: Qing dynasty

short_answers:
Prince Bao
Qianlong


question: when was the last episode of vampire diaries aired

answers: March 10, 2017

answers: March 10, 2017

title: The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries)

text: The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries) "The Last Day" is the 20th episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 42nd episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 28, 2011. The episode was written by Andrew Chambliss and Brian Young and directed by J. Miller Tobin. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) explains the curse to Elena (Nina Dobrev), Stefan (Paul Wesley) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and what is needed. A witch to cast the spell, a sacrifice of a werewolf and a vampire and Klaus to drink the doppelganger's blood. Elijah has

title: The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries)

text: very strong and heavy on emotion. "The show's propensity for shocking twists in the final moments is something fans know well, but this week's concluding sequence probably left even more jaws on the floor than usual. What had been a slow-building, somewhat melodramatic episode suddenly changed course with not one, but two huge developments heading into next week." The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries) "The Last Day" is the 20th episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 42nd episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 28, 2011. The episode

title: The Return (The Vampire Diaries)

text: The Return (The Vampire Diaries) "The Return" is the premiere episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 23rd episode of the series overall. It originally aired on September 9, 2010. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by J. Miller Tobin. The episode starts from exactly where the last episode of the first season ends. Elena (Nina Dobrev) walks in the door and she hears a noise in the kitchen that makes her go check what is happening. She finds John (David Anders) lying on the floor

title: The Last Dance (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Robin Franson Pruter of "Forced Viewing" rated the episode with 3/4 saying that the episode is exciting to watch. "It nicely interlaces plot movement with character development and relationship exploration, and it provides anticipation for the episodes to come." The Last Dance (The Vampire Diaries) "The Last Dance" is the 18th episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 40th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 14, 2011. The episode was written by Michael Narducci and directed by John Behring. Klaus, who is in Alaric's (Matt Davis) body, keeps

title: List of The Vampire Diaries episodes

text: The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural-fantasy horror television series. The series is based on a book series of the same name by L.J. Smith, and was developed for television by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec. The series ran from September 10, 2009 to March 10, 2017 on The CW.  The first season was released on both DVD and Blu-ray formats in the United States and Canada on August 31, 2010.

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

text: made available on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2011. In region B, it was released on August 22, 2011. The Vampire Diaries (season 2) The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010. The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m. ET. The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale. All the series regulars returned. Season two focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse,

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 8)

text: on February 8, 2017. On January 26, 2017, it was announced that Nina Dobrev would return as Elena Gilbert in the series finale. At the end of the episode, "It's Been a Hell of a Ride" on February 24, 2017, it was revealed that Dobrev would reprise her role of Katherine Pierce as well. The Vampire Diaries (season 8) "The Vampire Diaries", an American supernatural drama, was renewed for an eighth season by The CW on March 11, 2016. On July 23, 2016, the CW announced that the upcoming season would be the series' last and would consist of 16

title: The Departed (The Vampire Diaries)

text: The Departed (The Vampire Diaries) "The Departed" is the twenty-second and final episode of "The Vampire Diaries's" third season, premiering May 10, 2012 on The CW. During the episode, Elena remembers when life was simpler while the rest of her friends attempt to stay away from Alaric. In the episode's initial airing, it garnered 2.53 million viewers. In the third season finale, Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev) recovers in the hospital from her fall in the previous episode. Jeremy brings her back home, where Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola), Bonnie Bennett (Kat Graham), Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen), Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig)

title: The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Klaus would know that she was on vervain. At the end of the episode, it is revealed that Damon was bitten by Tyler during their fight. In "The Last Day" we can hear the songs: In its original American broadcast, "The Last Day" was watched by 2.68 million; slightly down by 0.02 from the previous episode. "The Last Day" received positive reviews. Carrie Raisler from "The A.V. Club" gave the episode an A rating saying that the episode was full of surprises and jaw-dropping moments. "The TV Chick" gave the episode an A rating saying that it was another awesome

title: Gone Girl (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Gone Girl (The Vampire Diaries) "Gone Girl" is the 15th episode of the fifth season of the American series "The Vampire Diaries" and the series' 104th episode overall. "Gone Girl" was originally aired on March 6, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Melinda Hsu Taylor and directed by Lance Anderson. Nadia (Olga Fonda) has hallucinations of her past while she was searching for her mother Katherine (Nina Dobrev), after Tyler (Michael Trevino) bit her. Katherine is there for her and tells her that she will not leave her side and that she will find a way to

title: Our Town (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Our Town (The Vampire Diaries) "Our Town" is the eleventh episode of the third season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 55th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on January 12, 2012. The episode was written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and directed by Wendey Stanzler. Elena (Nina Dobrev) and Bonnie (Kat Graham) are preparing a party for Caroline’s (Candice Accola) birthday while Elena tells Bonnie that she asked Damon (Ian Somerhalder) to compel Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen) to leave town. Bonnie is surprised and does not agree with that but she eventually says goodbye to

text: I Know What You Did Last Summer (The Vampire Diaries) "I Know What You Did Last Summer" is the premiere episode of the fifth season of the American series "The Vampire Diaries", and the series' 90th episode overall. "I Know What You Did Last Summer" was originally aired on October 3, 2013, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Lance Anderson. It is the end of the summer and Elena (Nina Dobrev) and Caroline (Candice Accola) need to get ready for college. Though a bit hesitant, Damon (Ian Somerhalder) says his goodbyes to Elena

title: Kevin Williamson (screenwriter)

text: a midseason replacement set to air in March but its timeslot was filled by "" instead. The pilot eventually premiered on May 30, 2007, to favorable reviews. However, after eight episodes, the series was canceled due to low viewership ratings. The final episode aired on July 4, 2007. Williamson developed a new TV series for The CW entitled "The Vampire Diaries", which was adapted from a novel series of the same name by L.J. Smith. The series follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), who falls in love with vampire Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley), and soon finds herself caught

title: Yellow Ledbetter (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Yellow Ledbetter (The Vampire Diaries) "Yellow Ledbetter" is the 2nd episode of the sixth season of the American series "The Vampire Diaries" and the series' 113th episode overall. "Yellow Ledbetter" was originally aired on October 9, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Julie Plec and directed by Pascal Verschooris. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Bonnie (Kat Graham) are back in Mystic Falls after the collapse of the Other Side. They wander around the streets, but find no one else there. At this point, they discover a newspaper and realize that they are back in 1994, the day a

title: Masquerade (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Masquerade (The Vampire Diaries) "Masquerade" is the 7th episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 29th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 28, 2010. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by Charles Beeson. Caroline (Candice Accola) is at the Salvatore house and tells Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan (Paul Wesley) that she met Katherine (Nina Dobrev) at the Grill. Katherine wants to deliver a message to the Salvatore brothers; bring her the moonstone at tonight's Masquerade Ball otherwise she will rip the

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 7)

text: The Vampire Diaries (season 7) "The Vampire Diaries", a one-hour American supernatural drama, was renewed for a seventh season by The CW on January 11, 2015, and premiered on October 8, 2015. On March 11, 2016, The CW renewed "The Vampire Diaries" for an eighth season, which was confirmed to be the final one on July 2016. This season represents a soft-reboot for the series, with the exits of Nina Dobrev, Michael Trevino and Steven R. McQueen. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The cast features Paul Wesley as Stefan Salvatore, Ian Somerhalder as Damon Salvatore, Kat Graham as Bonnie Bennett, Candice Accola as Caroline

title: As I Lay Dying (The Vampire Diaries)

text: be far-reaching." As I Lay Dying (The Vampire Diaries) "As I Lay Dying" is the 22nd episode and last of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 44th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on May 12, 2011. The episode was written by Turi Meyer, Al Septien and Michael Narducci and directed by John Behring. Elena (Nina Dobrev) tries to deal with Jenna’s (Sara Canning) death while Damon (Ian Somerhalder) asks for her forgiveness for feeding her his blood. He admits that he was wrong for doing this but Elena tells him

title: As I Lay Dying (The Vampire Diaries)

text: As I Lay Dying (The Vampire Diaries) "As I Lay Dying" is the 22nd episode and last of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 44th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on May 12, 2011. The episode was written by Turi Meyer, Al Septien and Michael Narducci and directed by John Behring. Elena (Nina Dobrev) tries to deal with Jenna’s (Sara Canning) death while Damon (Ian Somerhalder) asks for her forgiveness for feeding her his blood. He admits that he was wrong for doing this but Elena tells him that she

title: No Exit (The Vampire Diaries)

text: that moment for weeks and that's exactly what tonight's episode felt like." No Exit (The Vampire Diaries) "No Exit" is the 14th episode of the fifth season of the American series "The Vampire Diaries" and the series' 103rd episode overall. "No Exit" was originally aired on February 27, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by Michael Allowitz. Enzo (Michael Malarkey) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) turn people to vampires so that Damon can feed on them since now, after Wes' (Rick Cosnett) injection, he craves vampire blood and not human. The two of them

title: I'll Remember (The Vampire Diaries)

text: I'll Remember (The Vampire Diaries) "I'll Remember" is the 1st episode of the sixth season of the American series "The Vampire Diaries" and the series' 112th episode overall. "I'll Remember" was originally aired on October 2, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Jeffrey Hunt. The episode starts with a couple camping outside the Mystic Falls when on their way to the car, they are attacked by a vampire. Everyone tries to continue their lives after Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Bonnie’s (Kat Graham) death. Elena (Nina Dobrev), Tyler (Michael Trevino), Liv (Penelope Mitchell)

title: The Last Dance (The Vampire Diaries)

text: The Last Dance (The Vampire Diaries) "The Last Dance" is the 18th episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 40th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 14, 2011. The episode was written by Michael Narducci and directed by John Behring. Klaus, who is in Alaric's (Matt Davis) body, keeps Katherine (Nina Dobrev) trapped in the apartment and he compels her to tell him everything she knows about Elena, the Salvatore brothers and their plans to kill him. Elena signs the papers to get Stefan (Paul Wesley) and Damon's

title: Haunted (The Vampire Diaries)

text: Haunted (The Vampire Diaries) "Haunted" is the seventh episode of the first season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the seventh episode of the series overall. It originally aired on October 29, 2009. The episode's story was written by Andrew Kreisberg and the teleplay by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec. It was directed by Ernest Dickerson. The episode starts with Vicki (Kayla Ewell) not be able to control her bloodlust and she attacks Tyler (Michael Trevino) at his car. Stefan (Paul Wesley) arrives just in time to stop her and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) compels Tyler to forget

title: All My Children (The Vampire Diaries)

text: was a fabulous episode. "[The episode] was another example of why this show continues to be one of the most exciting hours of television each week." All My Children (The Vampire Diaries) "All My Children" is the fifteenth episode of the third season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 59th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on February 16, 2012. The episode was written by Evan Bleiweiss & Michael Narducci and directed by Pascal Verschooris. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) finds evidence that Esther (Alice Evans) was casting a spell during the ball and he believes

title: Home (The Vampire Diaries)

text: emotions alone are enough to torture us until it returns in the fall." Home (The Vampire Diaries) "Home" is the 22nd and last episode of the fifth season of the American series "The Vampire Diaries" and the series' 111th episode overall. "Home" was originally aired on May 15, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and Brian Young and directed by Chris Grismer. The episode starts with Caroline (Candice Accola) crying over Stefan's (Paul Wesley) dead body at the Whitmore dorm, while Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Elena (Nina Dobrev) arrive. Stefan watches them from the other

text: it means we don't have to deal with the Travelers anymore." While You Were Sleeping (The Vampire Diaries) "While You Were Sleeping" is the 16th episode of the fifth season of the American series "The Vampire Diaries" and the series' 105th episode overall. "While You Were Sleeping" was originally aired on March 20, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Pascal Verschooris. Elena (Nina Dobrev) wakes up in her body after three weeks since the day Katherine has taken over it and she is trapped at the college dorms. Stefan (Paul Wesley), Bonnie

title: Bad Moon Rising (The Vampire Diaries)

text: that they have a talented cast, great writers and an interested audience. Not to mention the reappearance of Katherine, which I know has me begging next Thursday night to come a little bit faster!" Bad Moon Rising (The Vampire Diaries) "Bad Moon Rising" is the 3rd episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 25th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on September 23, 2010. The episode was written by Andrew Chambliss and directed by Patrick Norris. Elena (Nina Dobrev), Stefan (Paul Wesley) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) try to find out

title: The Hybrid (The Vampire Diaries)

text: The Hybrid (The Vampire Diaries) "The Hybrid" is the second episode of the third season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 46th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on September 22, 2011. The episode was written by Al Septien and Turi Meyer and directed by Joshua Butler. Elena (Nina Dobrev) asks Damon (Ian Somerhalder) what he knows about Stefan (Paul Wesley) but Damon tells her that Stefan is gone. Elena tries to convince him that since Stefan called her is a sign that he is not gone. When Damon refuses to help her, she

title: The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries)

text: At the same time, Matt (Zach Roerig) tries to convince Liz (Marguerite MacIntyre) that Caroline (Candice Accola) is not evil as she thinks and that Damon is the one she should focus on but Liz still believes that all vampires are monsters. Tyler gets back home to check on his mom but Jules (Michaela McManus) tells him that they have to leave town before tonight. On their way they run into Caroline and Jules leaves them alone to talk. While they are talking, Maddox and Greta (Lisa Tucker) knock them down and take them away. They wake up at the

title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

text: The Vampire Diaries (season 2) The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010. The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m. ET. The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale. All the series regulars returned. Season two focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse, and the arrival of the original vampires. Tyler Lockwood's (Michael Trevino) uncle, Mason Lockwood (Taylor Kinney), arrives in town searching

title: Klaus (The Vampire Diaries)

text: attention. The episode is not perfect. Someone searching for flaws can find a number of big ones. But it’s compelling, and it builds anticipation for the final showdown with Klaus, which is what it needs to do." Klaus (The Vampire Diaries) "Klaus" is the 19th episode of the second season of The CW television series, "The Vampire Diaries" and the 41st episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 21, 2011. The episode was written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec and directed by Joshua Butler. Elijah (Daniel Gillies) wakes up in the Salvatore basement after Elena (Nina

title: List of The Vampire Diaries episodes


question: who played ashley on the young and the restless

answers: Brenda Epperson

answers: Shari Shattuck

answers: Eileen Davidson

title: Eileen Davidson

text: later, Davidson signed a three-year contract with "The Young and the Restless"'s sister soap "The Bold and the Beautiful" to once again play her "The Young and the Restless" character Ashley Abbott at the request of "The Bold and the Beautiful" executive producer Bradley Bell. She first aired on March 9, 2007. Ken Corday called Davidson about a week before she was fired from "The Young and the Restless" to get permission to use a picture of her on "Days of Our Lives". The picture, which featured Davidson as Susan, was shown in December 2006. After she was fired from

title: Eileen Davidson

text: as Ashley on September 26, 2008. In 2012, Nelson Branco announced that Sony Pictures Entertainment wanted Davidson on both "The Young and the Restless" and "Days of Our Lives", but that "Y&R" would not share the actress, leading Sony to terminate her contract with them. Thus, it was announced that Davidson would reprise her role as Kristen Blake DiMera on "Days of Our Lives". Davidson made a brief appearance on "The Young and the Restless" in February 2013 for the soap's 40th anniversary. In July 2013, it was announced that Davidson made the decision to leave "Days of Our Lives"

title: Ashley Jones

text: Ashley Jones Ashley Aubra Jones (born September 3, 1976) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in soap operas as Megan Dennison on "The Young and the Restless" and as Dr. Bridget Forrester on "The Bold and the Beautiful". She also had a recurring role as Daphne on the HBO drama series "True Blood" in 2009. Jones was born in Memphis, Tennessee on September 3, 1976. Shawn Jones, her father, is a minister. The family lived in Tennessee for five years before her father took a job preaching in Texas. Jones has one brother named Zach and

title: Ashley Abbott

text: September 25, 2008. In May 2012, Davidson informed followers on her Twitter page that she had been let go from "The Young and the Restless". Davidson further confirmed she did not know why she was let go, but was seeing the positive light from it. It was then announced by Nelson Branco that Sony Pictures Entertainment wanted Davidson on both "The Young and the Restless" and "Days of Our Lives", but that "Y&R" would not share the actress, leading to Sony terminating her contract with the soap. Thus it was announced that Davidson would reprise her role as Kristen Blake

title: Ashley Abbott

text: Ashley Abbott is a fictional character from The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful, two American soap operas on the CBS network. She has been most notably portrayed by Eileen Davidson, who originated the role in June 1982 before departing in 1988. Brenda Epperson portrayed Ashley from 1988 to 1995, before Shari Shattuck portrayed the role for the next three years, until Davidson's return in 1999.  Davidson was nominated in 2003 for Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series.

title: Ashley Jones

text: one sister named Jordan. At the age of five, she filmed her first commercial. At the age of nine, Jones starred in several theatre productions in the Actors Theatre of Houston including "The Women", "Ah, Wilderness!", and Neil Simon's "Brighton Beach Memoirs". At the age of 12, she was in "The Chalk Garden" by Enid Bagnold. Jones rose to fame on the long-running CBS soap opera "The Young and the Restless", playing Megan Dennison from 1997 to 2000, and again in 2001. She received two Daytime Emmy Award nominations for her role on "The Young and the Restless". She played

title: Judith Chapman

text: of Anjelica Devereaux Curtis on "Days of Our Lives", playing that part from 1989-1990 and briefly in 1991. She made her first appearance on "The Young and the Restless" after that, briefly subbing for Jess Walton as Jill Abbott. She joined the cast of "The Young and the Restless" full-time in January 2005, replacing Joan Van Ark in the contract role of Gloria Fisher. In March 2011, it was announced that Chapman had been taken off her contract and bumped to recurring. In October 2014, it was announced that she would make a guest appearance as Gloria on "The Bold

title: Brenda Dickson

text: Brenda Dickson Brenda Irene Dickson (born February 3, 1949) is an American actress who originated the role of Jill Foster Abbott on the soap opera "The Young and the Restless". Dickson was born in Long Beach, California. As a teenager, she toured Southeast Asia singing and dancing for the armed forces with Bob Hope. At the age of 17, she won the title of Miss California USA. This led to acting offers but Dickson decided to continue performing at USO shows while studying acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in Los Angeles. Dickson made her stage debut

title: Tracey E. Bregman

text: Tracey E. Bregman Tracey Elizabeth Bregman is an American soap opera actress. She is best known for the role of Lauren Fenmore on "The Young and the Restless" and "The Bold and the Beautiful". Bregman was born in Munich, Germany to American musical arranger, record producer and composer Buddy Bregman and Canadian-born actress Suzanne Lloyd. She lived in Great Britain until the age of 10 when her family relocated to California. She has been acting since she was 11 years old, and currently resides in Malibu, California. Prior to "The Young and the Restless", Bregman appeared on "Days of Our

title: Julianne Morris

text: Julianne Morris Julianne Morris (born May 8, 1968 in Columbia, South Carolina) is an American actress. She played Amy Wilson on the soap opera "The Young and the Restless" from November 18, 1994 to May 22, 1996 and on November 25, 2014. After leaving "Y&R", Morris returned to daytime as Greta Von Amburg on "Days of Our Lives" from May 15, 1998 to April 19, 2002. For most of her first year on the show, her character was unnamed. In between her days on "Y&R" and "Days of Our Lives," Julianne spent time in South Africa, playing the evil Rumina

text: in this category for her portrayal of Ashley Abbott on "The Young and the Restless". Listed below are the winners of the award for each year, as well as the other nominees. The following individuals received two or more wins in this category: The following individuals received two or more nominations in this category: Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series The Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series is an award presented annually by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS) and Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS).

title: The Young and the Restless characters (2000s)

text: and decided to go back to Genoa City to extort money from Gloria in return for Lauren's safety. While Gloria agreed to meet Tom, Ashley instead headed to meet Tom in an alley, but John, who overhead Tom's phone call to Gloria, got there first and shot Tom. Tom was taken to the hospital and, with his last strength, tried to tell an angry Michael and Kevin that Lauren was not dead, but died before he could do so. The doctors tried to revive him, but to no avail and it was the classic blanket over the head. Days later,

title: Ashley Abbott

text: news is "Days" wants you." In February 2013, it was announced that Davidson would return to "The Young and the Restless" for "very special episodes" that would commemorate the show's 40th anniversary. In spite of this, the actress remained a part of "Days of our Lives" full-time. In August 2013, following the announcement of Davidson's departure from "Days of our Lives", it was announced that she would again reprise the role for three episodes airing in October, later returning for additional guest appearances. In June 2014, it was announced that Davidson had signed a two-year contract with "The Young and

title: Tracey E. Bregman

text: to a wildfire in November 2018. The actress made an emotional appearance on the November 12, 2018 edition of "The Talk" to discuss the disaster's impact on her. Tracey E. Bregman Tracey Elizabeth Bregman is an American soap opera actress. She is best known for the role of Lauren Fenmore on "The Young and the Restless" and "The Bold and the Beautiful". Bregman was born in Munich, Germany to American musical arranger, record producer and composer Buddy Bregman and Canadian-born actress Suzanne Lloyd. She lived in Great Britain until the age of 10 when her family relocated to California. She

title: Ashley Tesoro

text: Ashley Tesoro Ashley Tesoro (born Ashley Lyn Cafagna; February 15, 1983) is an American actress, model, and singer. She is known for her starring roles in NBC's "" (as Liz Miller) and CBS's "The Bold and the Beautiful" (as Kimberly Fairchild). In 2007 she released a self-titled country music EP. In 2010 she released a country gospel EP titled "Oh You Angel". In 2012 she released a gospel EP titled "Simply Worship". Ashley Lyn Cafagna was born in Iowa City, Iowa, the first of three children. She was raised in Escondido, California. At the age of six she began entering

title: Eileen Davidson

text: on an island, but Susan ultimately prevailed and Kristen remained on the island until she returned to Salem in 2012. All other related characters were last seen in May 1998. Davidson's five roles earned her a Daytime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in 1998. After a year-long vacation from acting, she returned to her role on "The Young and the Restless" in March 1999. After a successful return as Ashley Abbott, which included Davidson's second Daytime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress, Davidson was fired from the show. In December 2006, Davidson told "TV Guide" that she was fired

title: The Young and the Restless storylines

text: joined the cast as Gloria Fisher, Michael Baldwin's mother, remaining until early 2005. She was replaced by Judith Chapman. The role of Lily Winters was first made popular by actress Christel Khalil. "The Young and the Restless" recast Lily with Davetta Sherwood in 2005 but the role was eventually given back to Khalil in 2006. The 2005 the role of Mackenzie Browning was recast from Ashley Bashioum to Rachel Kimsey. Kimsey was released from her contract in May 2006 and the character returned in 2009 played by Clementine Ford. The recasting of Mac took place shortly after the character of

title: Tucker McCall

text: daytime drama "The Young and the Restless"." Nekeeta Borden of Zap2it was favorable of the early pairing of Tucker and Ashley, giving them an "honorable mention" on a list of "curiously quirky couplings". Candace Young of the website She Knows Soaps wrote that, "Ashley and Tucker have been interesting as a power couple, if you will, in business and the corporate world." In January 2011, Garrett awarded Nichols a "Leading Men Gold Standard" and praised his portrayal that week, writing: "Stephen Nichols as Tucker was all over the place this week. Initially Tucker decided to back the recording label of

title: Kelli Goss

text: Kelli Goss Kelli Amanda Goss (born February 1, 1992) is an American actress best known for her role as Courtney Sloane on the CBS daytime soap opera "The Young and the Restless" and Heather on TV series "The Ranch" since 2016. Kelli Goss' first TV role was "My Name is Earl" in 2007, then she appeared in "United States of Tara" in 2009. She is best known for the role of Jennifer 2 on the Nickelodeon show "Big Time Rush", substituting temporarily for Spencer Locke while Locke was filming "". Locke would return in the middle of the second season

title: Mackenzie Browning

text: Mackenzie Browning Mackenzie Browning is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera "The Young and the Restless". The role is presently portrayed by Kelly Kruger, who portrayed the role from February 19, 2002, to July 1, 2003; she returned to the role on March 28, 2018. Previously, the role was portrayed by Ashley Bashioum, Rachel Kimsey and Clementine Ford. Mackenzie is the daughter of Brock Reynolds and granddaughter of Katherine Chancellor. Much of her history revolves around her role in the teen scene of the series, her romance with Billy Abbott, and marriage to J.T. Hellstrom. The first actress

title: Emily O'Brien

text: she graduated in 2003, and at MiraCosta College, where she completed a theater major in 2005. She attended Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, England and wrote, produced and directed her first project "Beatrice" in 2011. She portrayed Jana Hawkes Fisher in "The Young and the Restless". O'Brien was nominated for three Daytime Emmy Awards for her performance in "The Young and the Restless". She portrayed the role again in November 2008, when a parody of the show was the theme of the 1st showcase on "The Price Is Right". O'Brien portrayed the role initially on a recurring

title: Ashley Campuzano

text: Ashley Campuzano Ashley Campuzano (born March 10, 1992) is an American actress. Campuzano is best known for her role as Tiffany in the Hulu drama series East Los High. Campuzano was cast to portray the role of Adurey on the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful only for two episodes. In 2014, Campuzano joined the cast of East Los High for the role of Tiffany Ramos in the second season. Campuzano attended California State University of Los Angeles where she graduated earned her bachelor's degree in Communications. Campuzano is of a Mexican descent. Campuzano participated in many beauty

title: Ashley Abbott

text: she became intertwined with the Forresters and Forrester Creations; she also had a romance with Ridge Forrester. She left "The Bold and the Beautiful" in 2008 and returned to "The Young and the Restless", where she has since had relationships with Victor once again and Tucker McCall. In May 2012, it was announced that Davidson was let go from "The Young and the Restless", leading to her exit on August 3, 2012. Davidson initially hadn't known why, but it was reported later that Sony Pictures Television terminated her contract with the show for her to return to "Days of Our

title: The Young and the Restless characters (1990s)

text: appearance in Genoa City when his step sister, Ashley Abbott, went to Madrid to rescue him. Ashley's biological father, Brent Davis, was married to Rafael's mother, who was never named. Ashley helped him out by buying back forged paintings that he had painted and sold to unsuspecting customers. Ashley's husband at the time, Cole Howard, assumed that Ashley was having an affair with Rafael without knowing who Rafael actually was. Victoria Newman hooked up with Rafael while trying to break up Ashley and Cole, but nothing serious developed from their short adventure. Rafael then returned to his hometown of Madrid,

title: John Abbott (The Young and the Restless)

text: Tom wreaked havoc on Michael and Lauren Fenmore's wedding day, and he took Lauren hostage. Gloria was going to meet Tom in order to free Lauren, but John overheard her phone call. He met Tom in an alley, and during their struggle, his gun went off, and Tom was killed. John drove away, and he got into a car accident. At first, he had no recollection of his night, and Ashley confessed to killing Tom. When he remembered, John confessed to killing Tom, and the charges against Ashley were dropped. John was sentenced to seven years in prison for the

title: Bridget Forrester

text: 2000 to 2004 when she was replaced by Emily Harrison who left the show after only a couple of months. Actress Kirsten Storms previously auditioned for the role in 1999. In December 2004, two time Daytime Emmy nominee Ashley Jones (Megan Dennison, "The Young and the Restless") took over the role of Bridget Forrester. In 2008, she spoke of her first day on set, revealing "I was so intimidated because I was working with Katherine Kelly Lang, and I had all these crying scenes", and also remembering that she felt on edge having replaced Finnigan. By June 2009, Jones had

title: The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 5)

text: and "Broken Badges". Davidson's most famous roles, however, are playing Ashley Abbott on the daytime soap "The Young and the Restless", and also as Kristen DiMera on "Days of Our Lives". She later went to win an Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress, after three nominations, for her portrayal of Kristen DiMera. Davidson has also had success with writing; she has written four novels with prolific mystery writer Robert Randisi, three of which were published by Penguin Paperback. When Davidson isn't writing or acting she lives in her Malibu home raising her 12-year-old son Jesse, and bonding with her two step

title: Kristen DiMera

text: wanted Davidson on both "The Young and the Restless" and "Days of Our Lives", but that "Y&R" would not share the actress, leading to Sony terminating her contract with that show. Thus it was announced that Davidson would reprise her roles of Kristen Blake and Susan Banks on the NBC Daytime soap. "The Hollywood Reporter" later confirmed that Davidson had signed on to return to "Days of Our Lives" in the role of Kristen, and possibly some of her other characters. In a statement she said, "I'm thrilled to embark on this new adventure at Days and excited to revisit

title: Jana Hawkes

text: Jana Hawkes Jana Hawkes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera "The Young and the Restless". The role was portrayed by Emily O'Brien, first on a recurring status and then on contract until the character's death onscreen on May 6, 2011. Jana was married to Kevin Fisher, is the murderer of Carmen Mesta, and was involved in a number of illegal activities. She died of an aneurysm during a fight with her ex-husband's girlfriend, Chloe Mitchell. O'Brien portrayed the role initially on a recurring status from May 11 to September 5, 2006, and then on contract from

title: Chris Abbott

text: on the CBS Daytime serials "The Bold and the Beautiful" and "The Young and the Restless". Abbott was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for best writing in 2006. "The Bold and the Beautiful" "The Young and the Restless" Daytime Emmy Awards Chris Abbott Chris Abbott (born September 17, 1947) is an American television producer, writer and author. She is a graduate of University of Oregon, with an MFA from Bennington College in Vermont. She started her career writing for "Little House on the Prairie". She also wrote for other primetime series such as "B.L. Stryker, Legacy, Bandit: Bandit Goes

title: Ashley Abbott

short_answers:
Brenda Epperson
Eileen Davidson
Shari Shattuck