question: what is the cross on a letter t called

answers: arm

answers: crossbar

title: Cross

text: a foreshadowing (a "type") of the cross (the letter Tau) and of Jesus (the letters Iota Eta). Clement's contemporary Tertullian rejects the accusation that Christians are "crucis religiosi" (i.e. "adorers of the gibbet"), and returns the accusation by likening the worship of pagan idols to the worship of poles or stakes. In his book "De Corona", written in 204, Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross. While early Christians used the T-shape to represent the cross in writing and gesture, the use of the Greek cross

title: Crucifixion

text: shape of the letters X and Y. The New Testament writings about the crucifixion of Jesus do not speak specifically about the shape of that cross, but the early writings that do speak of its shape, from about the year AD 100 on, describe it as shaped like the letter T (the Greek letter tau) or as composed of an upright and a transverse beam, sometimes with a small projection in the upright. In popular depictions of the crucifixion of Jesus (possibly because in translations of the wounds are described as being "in his hands"), Jesus is shown with nails

title: Tau Cross

text: that the Greek letter τ and the Latin letter T have the same shape as the execution cross: "Ipsa est enim littera Graecorum Tau, nostra autem T, species crucis". In the "Trial of the Court of the Vowels" of non-Christian Lucian (125 – after 180), the Greek letter Sigma (Σ) accuses the letter Tau (Τ) of having provided tyrants with the model for the wooden instrument with which to crucify people and demands that Tau be executed on his own shape: "It was his body that tyrants took for a model, his shape that they imitated, when they set up

title: Early Christian descriptions of the execution cross

text: to be a mystical prefiguring of the cross of Christ". Tertullian (c. 155 – c. 240), who used Roman numerals, not Greek, still remarks that the Greek letter τ and the Latin letter T have the same shape as the execution cross: "Ipsa est enim littera Graecorum Tau, nostra autem T, species crucis". Non-Christians too of the time when in the Roman Empire criminals were executed by crucifixion, considered identical the shape of the execution cross (σταυρός in Greek) and that of the letter tau. In the "Trial of the Court of the Vowels" of Lucian (125 – after 180),

title: Typeface anatomy

title: Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion

text: to it." In language very similar to that of Minucius Felix, Tertullian, too, who distinguished between "stipes" (stake) and "crux" (cross), noted that it was the cross that people associated with Christianity. And he indicated that the shape of the cross is that of the letter T: "The Greek letter Tau and our own letter T is the very form of the cross, which (God) predicted would be the sign on our foreheads", and compared it to the shape of a bird with outstretched wings. The anti-Christian arguments thus cited in the "Octavius" of Minucius Felix, chapters IX and XXIX,

title: T

text: T T (named "tee" ) is the 20th letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second most common letter in English-language texts. "Taw" was the last letter of the Western Semitic and Hebrew alphabets. The sound value of Semitic "Taw", Greek alphabet Tαυ ("Tau"), Old Italic and Latin T has remained fairly constant, representing in each of these; and it has also kept its original basic shape in most of these alphabets. In English, usually denotes the voiceless alveolar plosive ( and X-SAMPA: ), as in

title: Christian symbolism

text: sects, as well as some modern denominations, preferred to some extent not to use figures in their symbols, by invoking the Decalogue's prohibition of idolatry. The shape of the cross, as represented by the letter T, came to be used as a "seal" or symbol of Early Christianity by the 2nd century. At the end of the 2nd century, it is mentioned in the "Octavius" of Minucius Felix, rejecting the claim by detractors that Christians worship the cross. The cross (crucifix, Greek "stauros") in this period was represented by the letter T. Clement of Alexandria in the early 3rd century

text: through the gate, through the midst of Jerusalem, and set the mark "Tau" upon the foreheads of the men.' Now the Greek letter "Tau" and our own letter T is the very form of the cross, which He predicted would be the sign on our foreheads." ("omnes fideles [...] signatos illa nota scilicet de qua Ezechiel: Dicit dominus ad me, Pertransi in medio portae in media Hierusalem, et da signum Tau in frontibus virorum. Ipsa est enim littera Graecorum Tau, nostra autem T, species crucis, quam portendebat futuram in frontibus nostris"). The universality of the Early Christian practice of tracing

title: Cross

text: hieroglyph "two crossed sticks" (Gardiner Z9). According to W. E. Vine's "Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words", worshippers of Tammuz in Chaldea and thereabouts used the cross as symbol of that god. The shape of the cross ("crux", "stauros" "stake, gibbet"), as represented by the letter T, came to be used as a "seal" or symbol of Early Christianity by the 2nd century. Clement of Alexandria in the early 3rd century calls it ("the Lord's sign") he repeats the idea, current as early as the Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was

title: Tau Cross

text: Tau Cross The tau cross is a T-shaped cross all three ends of which are sometimes expanded. It is so called because shaped like the Greek letter tau, which in its upper-case form has the same appearance as Latin and English T. Another name for the same object is Saint Anthony's cross or Saint Anthony cross, a name given to it because of its association with Saint Anthony of Egypt. It is also called a "crux commissa", one of the four basic types of iconographic representations of the cross. The Greek letter tau was used as a numeral for 300.

title: Stauros

text: Jesus were written, likened the σταυρός to the letter T (the Greek letter tau, which had the numeric value of 300), and to the position assumed by Moses in Exodus . The shape of the σταυρός is likened to that of the letter T also in the final words of "Trial in the Court of Vowels" among the works of 2nd-century Lucian, and other 2nd-century witnesses to the fact that at that time the σταυρός was envisaged as being cross-shaped and not in the form of a simple pole are given in early Christian descriptions of the execution cross. In

title: The Egyptian Cross Mystery

text: The Egyptian Cross Mystery The Egyptian Cross Mystery is a novel that was written in 1932 by Ellery Queen. It is the fifth of the Ellery Queen mysteries. A schoolmaster in a tiny town in West Virginia is found on Christmas morning beheaded and crucified to a signpost in such a way that his body seems to form the letter "T". The letter "T" is scrawled in blood on the dead man's door. Ellery Queen is on the scene and notes that the letter "T" is also the shape of a "tau cross", or Egyptian cross; this seems to lead

title: Crucifixion of Jesus

text: Christian writers who speak of the shape of the particular gibbet on which Jesus died invariably describe it as having a cross-beam. For instance, the Epistle of Barnabas, which was certainly earlier than 135, and may have been of the 1st century AD, the time when the gospel accounts of the death of Jesus were written, likened it to the letter T (the Greek letter tau, which had the numeric value of 300), and to the position assumed by Moses in . Justin Martyr (100–165) explicitly says the cross of Christ was of two-beam shape: "That lamb which was commanded

title: T

text: sounds. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, denotes the voiceless alveolar plosive. T T (named "tee" ) is the 20th letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second most common letter in English-language texts. "Taw" was the last letter of the Western Semitic and Hebrew alphabets. The sound value of Semitic "Taw", Greek alphabet Tαυ ("Tau"), Old Italic and Latin T has remained fairly constant, representing in each of these; and it has also kept its original basic shape in most of these alphabets. In English, usually

title: Ṭ

text: Ṭ Ṭ (minuscule: ṭ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from T with the addition of a dot below the letter. It is used in the orthography of the Mizo language. It sounds much like a 'tr' in Mizo Language, as it sounds in English. But it does not replace Ṭ or ṭ . It is used in the transcription of Afro-Asiatic languages to represent an "emphatic t", in romanization of Arabic, in the Syriac and in the Berber Latin alphabets. In the transcription of Arabic, it corresponds to the letter ṭāʾ (ط). It is also used in

title: Tau Cross

text: of] Jesus. And because the cross was to express the grace [of our redemption] by the letter Τ, he says also, 'Three Hundred'. He signifies, therefore, Jesus by two letters, and the cross by one." Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c. 215) gives the same interpretation of the number τιη’ (318), referring to the cross of Christ with the expression "the Lord's sign": "They say, then, that the character representing 300 is, as to shape, the type of the Lord’s sign, and that the Iota and the Eta indicate the Saviour’s name." Tertullian (c. 155 – c. 240) remarks

title: Cross

text: Cross A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is also termed a saltire in heraldic terminology. The word "cross" is recorded in 10th-century Old English as "cros", exclusively for the instrument of Christ's crucifixion, replacing the native Old English word "rood". The word's history is complicated; it appears to have entered English from Old Irish, possibly via Old Norse, ultimately from the Latin "crux" (or its accusative "crucem" and

title: Cross

text: (1888), Ansault (1891), etc. In the European Bronze Age the cross symbol appeared to carry a religious meaning, perhaps as a symbol of consecration, especially pertaining to burial. The cross sign occurs trivially in tally marks, and develops into a number symbol independently in the Roman numerals ( "ten"), the Chinese rod numerals (十 "ten") and the Brahmi numerals ("four", whence the numeral 4). In the Phoenician alphabet and derived scripts, the cross symbol represented the phoneme /t/, i.e. the letter taw, which is the historical predecessor of Latin T. The letter name "taw" means "mark", presumably continuing the Egyptian

title: Alpha and Omega

text: arms of the cross in Early Christian art, and some crux gemmata, jeweled crosses in precious metal, have formed letters hanging in this way, called pendilia; for example, in the , which is based upon the Asturian Victory Cross. In fact, despite always being in Greek, the letters became more common in Western than Eastern Orthodox Christian art. They are often shown to the left and right of Christ's head, sometimes within his halo, where they take the place of the Christogram used in Orthodox art. In Rabbinic literature, the word "emet" (אמת meaning "truth"), one of the names of

title: Szczerbiec

text: the letter T) between the Greek letters Α and ω (alpha and omega) surmounted with little crosses. Below the letter T, there is another cross placed within a cloud or flower with twelve petals. On the chamfered edge around this design runs a circular Latin inscription in two rings which reads: "Rec figura talet ad amorem regum / et principum iras iudicum" ("This sign rouses the love of kings and princes, the wrath of judges"). The grip bears the symbols of two of the Four Evangelists: the lion of Saint Mark and the ox of Saint Luke, as well as

title: Christian symbolism

text: Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross. While early Christians used the T-shape to represent the cross in writing and gesture, the use of the Greek cross and Latin cross, i.e. crosses with intersecting beams, appears in Christian art towards the end of Late Antiquity. An early example of the cruciform halo, used to identify Christ in paintings, is found in the "Miracles of the Loaves and Fishes" mosaic of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna (dated c. 504). Instances of the St Thomas cross, a Greek cross with

title: Cross

text: with cross-shapes include Gardiner Z9 – Z11 ("crossed sticks", "crossed planks"). Other, unrelated cross-shaped letters include Brahmi "ka" (predecessor of the Devanagari letter क) and Old Turkic (Orkhon) "d²" and Old Hungarian "b", and Katakana ナ "na" and メ"me". The multiplication sign (×), often attributed to William Oughtred (who first used it in an appendix to the 1618 edition of John Napier's "Descriptio") apparently had been in occasional use since the mid 16th century. Other typographical symbols resembling crosses include the dagger or "obelus" (†), the Chinese (十, Kangxi radical 24) and Roman () ten. Unicode has a variety of

title: Crossword

text: letter "X" might be clued as "a cross", or "ten" (as in the Roman numeral), or "an illiterate's signature", or "sounds like your old flame" (homophone for "ex"). "Senselessness" is solved by "e", because "e" is what remains after removing (less) "ness" from "sense". With the different types of wordplay and definition possibilities, the composer of a cryptic puzzle is presented with many different possible ways to clue a given answer. Most desirable are clues that are clean but deceptive, with a smooth "surface reading" (that is, the resulting clue looks as natural a phrase as possible). The Usenet newsgroup

title: Tau Cross

text: is called the "crux commissa". This term was invented by Justus Lipsius (1547–1606), who used it to distinguish this T-shaped cross from the now more familiar †-shaped cross and the saltire X-shaped cross. Tau Cross The tau cross is a T-shaped cross all three ends of which are sometimes expanded. It is so called because shaped like the Greek letter tau, which in its upper-case form has the same appearance as Latin and English T. Another name for the same object is Saint Anthony's cross or Saint Anthony cross, a name given to it because of its association with Saint

title: Crossword

text: these terms commonly became "Across" and "Down" and notations for clues could either use the words or the letters "A" and "D", with or without hyphens. Crossword A crossword is a word puzzle that usually takes the form of a square or a rectangular grid of white-and black-shaded squares. The game's goal is to fill the white squares with letters, forming words or phrases, by solving clues, which lead to the answers. In languages that are written left-to-right, the answer words and phrases are placed in the grid from left to right and from top to bottom. The shaded squares

title: Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion

text: not, described the shape people at the time attributed to the device on which Jesus died: the comparisons it draws with Old Testament figures would have had no validity for its readers if they pictured Jesus as dying on a simple stake. Referring to what he saw as Old Testament intimations of Jesus and his cross, he likened the cross to the letter T (the Greek letter tau, which had the numeric value of 300), thus describing it as having a crossbeam. He also wrote, with regard to : "The Spirit saith to the heart of Moses, that he should

title: Letter (alphabet)

text: Letter (alphabet) A letter is a grapheme (written character) in an alphabetic system of writing. It is a visual representation of the smallest unit of spoken sound. Letters broadly correspond to phonemes in the spoken form of the language, although there is rarely a consistent, exact correspondence between letters and phonemes. Written signs in other writing systems are called syllabograms (which denote a syllable) or logograms (which indicate a word or phrase). The contemporary English-language alphabet, known as Roman style, consists of twenty-six letters. Each letter corresponds to one or more sounds, and the letters are combined in the order

title: Christogram

text: term for abbreviations of the name of Christ is "chrisimus". Similarly, Middle Latin "crismon", "chrismon" refers to the Chi Rho monogram specifically. In antiquity, the cross, i.e. the instrument of Christ's crucifixion ("crux", "stauros") was taken to be T-shaped, while the X-shape ("chiasmus") had different connotations. There has been a lot of scholarly speculation on the development of the Christian cross, the letter Chi used to abbreviate the name of Christ, and the various pre-Christian symbolism associated with the chiasmus interpreted in terms of "the mystery of the pre-existent Christ". In Plato's "Timaeus", it is explained that the two bands

title: Crosswords DS

text: to do the puzzle without the game showing if the letter is correct or not. A player can erase a letter or simply draw over it. The game will automatically move to the next tile after a correct letter, and will move either down or right, depending on which mode is toggled, across or down. Each puzzle also has a certain number of hint points that the player can used if stumped, but will also add a minute to the player's time. When a puzzle is completed the game will show the amount of time it took to complete, and

title: Typeface anatomy

long_answer: A main vertical stroke is called a stem. The letter m has three, the left, middle, and right stems. The central stroke of an s is called the spine. When the stroke is part of a lowercase and rises above the height of an x (called the x height), it is called an ascender. Letters with ascenders are b d f h k l. A stroke which drops below the baseline is a descender. Letters with descenders are g j p q y. An arching stroke is called a shoulder as in the top of an R or sometimes just an arch, as in h n m. A closed curved stroke is called a bowl in b d o p q D O P Q ; B has two bowls. A trailing outstroke, as in j y J Q R is called a tail. The inferior diagonal stroke in K is called leg. A short horizontal stroke, as in the center of e f and the middle stroke of E F, is called a bar. When the strokes connect as in A and H or cross strokes as in t is also known as crossbar. A longer horizontal stroke at the top or bottom, as in E T, is called an arm. The bottom of the two-story g is called a loop; the very short stroke at the top is called the ear. i j each have a dot, jot, or tittle. Angles of strokes are called apices if at the top and vertices if at the bottom. w has one apex and two vertices; v has one vertex.

short_answers: arm crossbar


question: who plays the evil doctor in wonder woman

answers: Elena Anaya

answers: Spanish actress Elena Anaya

title: Wonder Woman (2017 film)

text: offered a different role (as a villain) in "Man of Steel", which she declined because she was pregnant at the time; this allowed her to later be cast as Wonder Woman in the film's follow-up. Gadot signed a three-picture deal. She was paid a base salary of $300,000 for the film itself. Chris Pine was cast as Steve Trevor, a character he described as a "rogue-ish, cynical realist who's seen the awful brutish nature of modern civilization" and added that he is a "worldly guy, a charming guy". He signed a multi-picture deal. Lucy Davis' performance as Etta Candy is

title: Wonder Woman 1984

text: with director Patty Jenkins confirming her casting the next month. By March 28, Pedro Pascal, who played Ed Indelicato in the pilot of the canceled 2011 "Wonder Woman" television adaptation, was cast in an undisclosed key role. On June 13, director Patty Jenkins confirmed the addition of Chris Pine as Steve Trevor through Twitter. On July 24, 2018, Natasha Rothwell was announced to be cast in an undisclosed role. A few days later, on July 27, Ravi Patel and Gabriella Wilde also joined the film, with their being roles kept under wraps as well. By late August, Connie Nielsen and

title: Wonder Woman (2011 TV pilot)

text: Thoms were cast as villain Veronica Cale and Diana's personal assistant Etta Candy, respectively. Pedro Pascal was cast as Ed Indelicato, Wonder Woman's liaison to the police department and Cary Elwes as Henry Detmer, who runs the day-to-day operations of Diana's company. Actor Justin Bruening was cast to play Steve Trevor. The plot is described as "a reinvention of the iconic DC Comic in which Wonder Womanaka Diana Themyscirais a vigilante crime fighter in L.A., but also a successful corporate executive and a modern woman, trying to balance all of the elements of her extraordinary life." No clear reference is

title: Pedro Pascal

text: film "The Equalizer 2", starring Denzel Washington. He will next have a leading role alongside Gal Gadot and Chris Pine in the DC Extended Universe film "Wonder Woman 1984", directed by Patty Jenkins. In November 2018, it was announced that Pascal had been cast to portray the title role in the upcoming first ever live-action Star Wars series, "The Mandalorian" which is slated to air on Disney+ in 2019. Pascal is fluent natively in Spanish. Pedro Pascal José Pedro Balmaceda Pascal (; born April 2, 1975), known professionally as Pedro Pascal, is a Chilean-American actor. He is best known for

title: Doctor Poison

text: The original Princess Maru incarnation of the character made her cinematic debut in the 2017 film Wonder Woman, portrayed by Spanish actress Elena Anaya.

title: David Thewlis

text: 2015, Thewlis starred as Inspector Goole in Helen Edmundson's BBC TV adaptation of J. B. Priestley's "An Inspector Calls". In October 2015, he played King Duncan in the film "Macbeth". Thewlis portrayed Ares in "Wonder Woman" (2017), the DC Comics film featuring the character of the same name. He briefly reprised his role as Ares in "Justice League" (2017). Thewlis directed "Hello, Hello, Hello" in 1995, for which he was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Short Film. He also wrote, directed and starred in the feature "Cheeky" (2003). Thewlis is also an author; his debut novel, "The Late

title: Wonder Woman (2017 film)

text: to Bruce Wayne thanking him for the photographic plate of her and Steve and continues to fight and give on the world's behalf. Additionally, Mayling Ng, Florence Kasumba, Madeleine Vall Beijner, Hayley Jane Warnes and Ann Wolfe portray Orana, Acantha, Egeria, Aella and Artemis, respectively, all of whom are Amazons. James Cosmo appears as Field Marshal Haig, Steffan Rhodri appears as Colonel Darnell, and Dutch supermodel Doutzen Kroes portrays the Amazon Venelia. Samantha Jo was cast as the Amazonian Euboea, and previously played the Kryptonian, Car-Vex, in "Man of Steel". Zack Snyder also makes a brief cameo appearance in the

title: Emily Carey

text: Emily Carey Emily Carey (born 30 April 2003) is a British actress. She is perhaps best known for her role of Grace Beauchamp in BBC One's "Casualty", which she played from 2014 to 2017. Carey also played the young Diana Prince (Wonder Woman), portrayed by Gal Gadot as an adult, in the Warner Brothers movie "Wonder Woman" (2017). She appeared as a young Lara Croft in the "Tomb Raider" reboot film, released in March 2018. Other notable work includes Mary Conan Doyle in the series "Houdini and Doyle" on FOX/ITV, and West End Theatre roles in "Shrek The Musical" at

title: Wonder Woman (TV series)

text: lead role. For the role of Steve Trevor, the producers chose Lyle Waggoner, despite his dark brown, almost-black, hair not matching the comic's blond Trevor, who at the time was better known as a comedic actor after several years co-starring in "The Carol Burnett Show." He was also known to Ross as having been one of the leading candidates to play Batman a decade earlier, but instead Adam West was signed. Waggoner was also considered a sex symblol, having done a semi-nude pictorial in the first issue of "Playgirl." Although the pilot followed the original comic book closely, in particular

title: Kyle MacLachlan

text: 2014. In 2011, he began playing his current role as the Mayor of Portland, Oregon, in the IFC comedy "Portlandia". After the end of the short-lived 2012 series "Made in Jersey" where he starred as lawyer Donovan Stark, he was cast as a guest star in "The Good Wife". In 2013 and 2014 he appeared as prosecutor Josh Perotti in four episodes of "The Good Wife". In 2014 and 2015 he appeared in a recurring role on "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." television series as Calvin Zabo / The Doctor. In 2015, he voiced the main character's father in the Pixar

title: Doctor Poison

text: scientific expertise, Doctor Poison is a trained soldier. Doctor Poison appears in the Wonder Woman sections of anthology series "Wednesday Comics". Doctor Poison is among several scientist-themed super-villains who band together to fight the Super Friends in the story "Weird Science" from the series "DC Super Friends". Doctor Poison Doctor Poison is the name of two fictional characters, supervillains who appear in DC Comics publications and related media. Both villains were members of the super-villain team Villainy Inc. and have appeared as major recurring enemies for Wonder Woman. The original Princess Maru () incarnation of the character made her cinematic

title: Luke Evans (actor)

text: Jeremy Irons. In January 2015, Evans officially exited "The Crow" to pursue other projects. The same year, he was named one of "GQ"s 50 best dressed British men. In 2016, Evans appeared in the thriller film "The Girl on the Train", co-starring Emily Blunt. In 2017, he had the villainous role of Gaston in Disney's live action remake, "Beauty and the Beast", which co-stars Emma Watson; and also played the lead role, William Moulton Marston, the creator of Wonder Woman, in the film "Professor Marston and the Wonder Women". In 2018, Evans stars in TNT drama "The Alienist", as newspaper

title: Julian Richings

text: for another Dora Award for his performance in "The Palace of the End". He confirmed, via an interview on the Canadian TV show "InnerSPACE", that he had a part in the 2013 new Superman film "Man of Steel". During the interview he was also asked about the campaign to see him become the next Doctor in "Doctor Who", one of his favorite childhood TV shows, and admitted to being flattered by the idea. In 2014, he starred in the Matt Wiele and Chad Archibald, directed Science-Fiction film "Ejecta". In 2015, he appeared in the Robert Eggers-directed horror film "The Witch"

title: Doctor Poison

text: Virus, a poison that drives its victims to rage-induced murder. Ten years later, after Wonder Woman had discovered she had been living a lie for several years, Veronica Cale sent Doctor Poison to attack the Amazon. In the "Watchmen" sequel "Doomsday Clock", Doctor Poison is among the villains that attend an underground meeting held by Riddler that talks about the Superman Theory. Doctor Poison talks about a rumor that the Amazons forcefully took Wonder Woman back to Themyscira. Doctor Poison is an expert in the use of poisons, toxins, and plagues. In the DC Rebirth universe, in addition to her

title: Wonder Woman in other media

text: was previously offered a different role (as a villain) in "Man of Steel", which she declined because she was pregnant at the time; this allowed her to later be cast as Wonder Woman in the film's follow-up. Gadot signed a three-picture deal. She was only paid a base salary of $300,000 for the movie itself. Gadot reprised the role in 2017's "Wonder Woman", the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe and Wonder Woman's first theatrical solo film. The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason

title: Linda Harrison (actress)

text: was supposed to engender interest in a Wonder Woman pilot and an eventual TV series. Harrison played a glamorous mirror image of Wonder Woman, which existed only in the imagination of the homely Diana Prince character, played by Ellie Wood Walker (Robert Walker Jr.'s wife). The "Who's Afraid of Diana Prince?" segment failed to engender any interest in a Wonder Woman pilot, although Lynda Carter had great success in the role eight years later. Harrison next appeared as Carl Reiner's blonde-wigged young inamorata "Miss Stardust" in "A Guide for the Married Man" (1967), a bedroom comedy about marital infidelity directed

title: Shannon Farnon

text: Super Friends" and the revival of "Super Friends". Farnon did voice several incidental characters, such as Lois Lane and Hawkgirl on some of the series and also played Kim Butler in "Valley of the Dinosaurs" in 1974, but mainly she did the voice of Wonder Woman. However, in 1984, her prominent character was recast in "", when the role was given to Constance Caufield and later to B.J. Ward. This case has often been given as an example of injustice in the television and animation industry. Mary McDonald-Lewis voiced Wonder Woman in an episode of "Superman". She voiced Wonder Woman

title: Gal Gadot

text: Fisher. In 2017, Gadot starred in a solo film for her character, "Wonder Woman". She reprised the role in the ensemble film "Justice League", which was released in November 2017, and was her third DC Extended Universe instalment. In 2017 Gadot was also invited to become a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Emily Shire stated that Gadot's acting defies some of the stereotypes of women, especially as many Jewish women were portrayed on film as unattractive or the funny sidekick. Gadot provided the voice of Shank in the Walt Disney Animation Studios' film "Ralph Breaks

title: David Thewlis

text: up to me and say, 'You were great in "Notting Hill".' The public seem to think we are the same person." David Thewlis David Wheeler (born 20 March 1963), better known as David Thewlis, is an English actor, director, screenwriter, and author. He first rose to prominence for playing Johnny Fletcher in the film "Naked" (1993), for which he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor. His most commercially successful roles to date have been of Remus Lupin in the "Harry Potter" film series and Sir Patrick Morgan/Ares in "Wonder Woman" (2017). Other notable film appearances include "Dragonheart"

title: Rhys Williams (Welsh-American actor)

text: played the role of Dr. McKay in the acclaimed "The Bells of St. Mary's", starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman. He is recognisable to fans of the television series, "Adventures of Superman" as a sadistic character in an early episode called "The Evil Three" (1952). He made a guest appearance in 1958 as art collector Rufus Varner in the "Perry Mason" episode, "The Case of the Purple Woman." His other television appearances were on such programmes as the religion anthology series, "Crossroads", The Rifleman, CBS's "The DuPont Show with June Allyson", "Peter Gunn", with Steve Allen in the 1960 episode

title: Doctor Poison

text: of Villainy Inc. defeated her once again. After traveling to Transformation Island, Eviless tortured Wonder Woman until the reformed criminal Irene led a mutiny against Villainy Inc. In the ensuing chaos, Wonder Woman and Hippolyta broke free of their chains and managed to defeat Doctor Poison and her three companions. After the events of "Crisis on Infinite Earths", Doctor Poison was a founding member of Villainy Inc., but the team was created by Queen Clea instead of Eviless. As part of Villainy Inc., Doctor Poison battled Hippolyta, the first Wonder Woman, in the 1940s. It was later revealed by her

title: Cathy Lee Crosby

text: her first TV appearance was as Susan in the episode 'The Lay of the Land' in the first season of "It Takes a Thief" (1968). Her first movie role was as Kay Butler in the 20th Century Fox crime drama "The Laughing Policeman" (1973) starring Walter Matthau, Bruce Dern, and Louis Gossett, Jr. In 1974, she starred as the title character in the television film "Wonder Woman", a year before Lynda Carter would popularize the role in the weekly series "Wonder Woman". Crosby starred in the movie "Trackdown" (1976) with James Mitchum, and in "Coach" (1978) with Michael Biehn, in

title: Doctor Psycho

text: mental labyrinth and defeats Doctor Psycho and his illusions, returning him to the mental institution. Doctor Psycho appears as a primary antagonist in the second volume of "" by writer Grant Morrison and artist Yanick Paquette. This version of the character is Dr. Leon Zeiko, a pick-up artist who manipulates Wonder Woman. Doctor Psycho Doctor Psycho is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics publications and related media. Traditionally presented as an adversary of Wonder Woman, he was first introduced to comics readers in the 1940s by Wonder Woman creator William Moulton Marston. He has since undergone several minor updates

title: Wonder Woman (TV series)

text: reprising her role by voicing the character; along with an animated adaptation of the comic series "Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". Wonder Woman (TV series) Wonder Woman, known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name. The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr. It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979. The show's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War

title: Wonder Woman

text: Grant Morrison stated "I sat down and I thought, 'I don't want to do this warrior woman thing.' I can understand why they're doing it, I get all that, but that's not what [Wonder Woman creator] William Marston wanted, that's not what he wanted at all! His original concept for Wonder Woman was an answer to comics that he thought were filled with images of blood-curdling masculinity, and you see the latest shots of Gal Gadot in the costume, and it's all sword and shield and her snarling at the camera. Marston's Diana was a doctor, a healer, a scientist."

title: DC Extended Universe

text: Amazon warrior who also is the demigoddess daughter of the god Zeus, uses her talents and abilities in order to help humanity during World War I. Israeli actress and model Gal Gadot was cast as Diana Prince/Wonder Woman in December 2013 and signed a three-picture deal which included a solo film. In October 2014, "Wonder Woman" was announced by Warner Bros. In November, Michelle MacLaren was confirmed to direct the film from a screenplay by Jason Fuchs. In April 2015, MacLaren left the project due to creative differences. Later that month, Patty Jenkins was announced as the new director of

title: Doctor Cyber

text: in the story "Weird Science" from the series "DC Super Friends". Gloria Marquez (Jessica Walter), an enemy from the Wonder Woman TV series, is revealed to be Doctor Cyber in the comic book series "Wonder Woman '77 Meets The Bionic Woman. Doctor Cyber first appears in the "Justice League Unlimited" episode "I Am Legion." She is seen as a member of Gorilla Grodd's Secret Society. In "Dead Reckoning," she partakes in the invasion of Gorilla City. In "Far From Home," a Z8 Training Drone appears as Doctor Cyber. During the mutiny against Lex Luthor and his group in "Alive," Doctor

title: James Marsters

text: that year, Marsters appeared on the television series "Smallville" playing Dr. Milton Fine—the popular "Superman" villain Brainiac—in eight episodes throughout the show's fifth season. He reprised his role as Brainiac in a four-episode arc in the seventh season, and did a cameo voice-over in season eight. He returned for one episode in the show's final season. On October 29, 2005, Marsters presented two performances of his own abridged adaptation of Shakespeare's "Macbeth" with American actress Cheryl Puente as Lady Macbeth, followed by question and answer sessions with the audience and acoustic concerts in London. In September 2006, Marsters' interpretation of

title: Wonder Woman in other media

text: Woman about being called "Super Friends." Wonder Woman appears in one of the "DC Nation Shorts" on Cartoon Network, voiced by Susan Eisenberg. Wonder Woman appears in the animated television special "Lego Batman: Be-Leaguered", voiced by Grey DeLisle (reprising the role from "JLA Adventures: Trapped in Time"). Wonder Woman appears as one of the three lead characters in "Justice League Action", voiced by former "The Young and the Restless" co-star Rachel Kimsey. This incarnation has started dating Superman in the episode "Repulse" but the two decide to keep it secret from the other members of the Justice League. Music about

title: Who Is Wonder Woman?

text: his new partner: Agent Diana Prince (Diana in her new secret identity). The next morning, Diana Prince goes to the museum for any clues. There, she meets Robin (Tim Drake) and her protégé Cassie Sandsmark of the Teen Titans. Cassie is angry at Diana for leaving her, even after she was in depression after Connor Kent's death. Having no answer as to why she had left her, Cassie takes off to fight the villains who have appeared again. With her friends and the Department in need of help, Diana goes into an alley and decides to become Wonder Woman for

title: Doctor Poison

short_answers:
Elena Anaya
Spanish actress Elena Anaya


question: who starred in the movie summer of 42

answers: Oliver Conant

answers: Christopher Norris

answers: Gary Grimes

answers: Katherine Allentuck

answers: Jennifer O'Neill

answers: Jerry Houser

answers: Robert Mulligan

answers: Maureen Stapleton

title: Summer of '42 (book)

text: Summer of '42 (book) Summer of '42 is a novel written by Herman Raucher, based upon his screenplay and personal experience. In 2002 TCPalms interview, Herman Raucher mentions that the 1971 film with the same title gave birth to the book "Summer of '42." Raucher wrote the screenplay for the 1971 film version. The 1971 movie was written first. When the film was in post-production, someone told him to write the book about "Summer of '42" to help publicize the picture. So Raucher wrote the book in about three or four weeks. The book became a bestseller prior to the

title: Summer of '42 (book)

text: what Dorothy was doing after getting relief from the ice cubes in the coffee, he saw her sitting opposite to him and she was already eating one of the doughnuts and she was talking about her old 1934 stove. Summer of '42 (book) Summer of '42 is a novel written by Herman Raucher, based upon his screenplay and personal experience. In 2002 TCPalms interview, Herman Raucher mentions that the 1971 film with the same title gave birth to the book "Summer of '42." Raucher wrote the screenplay for the 1971 film version. The 1971 movie was written first. When the

title: Summer of '42

text: encountered Dorothy again and married her. As of 2017, this project – which O'Neill had hoped to produce with Lifetime television – has not been realized, and it is unknown whether O'Neill is still attempting to get it produced, or if Raucher consented to its production. Summer of '42 Summer of '42 is a 1971 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film based on the memoirs of screenwriter Herman Raucher (b. 1928). It tells the story of how Raucher, in his early teens on his 1942 summer vacation on Nantucket Island (off the coast of Cape Cod), embarks on a one-sided romance with

title: Summer of '42

text: episode of the 1970s sitcom "Happy Days" was loosely based upon "Summer of '42", with Richie Cunningham befriending a Korean War widow. In Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film "The Shining", Wendy (Shelley Duvall) is shown watching "Summer of '42" on a television. The film's title formed the basis of a Season 7 episode of "The Simpsons", "Summer of 4 Ft. 2". In the years since the film's release, Warner Bros. has attempted to buy back Raucher's ten percent of the film as well as his rights to the story so it could be remade; Raucher has consistently declined. The 1988 film

title: Summer of '42

text: The film was directed by Robert Mulligan, and starred Gary Grimes as Hermie, Jerry Houser as his best friend Oscy, Oliver Conant as their nerdy young friend Benjie, Jennifer O'Neill as Hermie's mysterious love interest, and Katherine Allentuck and Christopher Norris as a pair of girls whom Hermie and Oscy attempt to seduce. Mulligan also has an uncredited role as the voice of the adult Hermie. Maureen Stapleton (Allentuck's real-life mother) also appears in a small, uncredited voice role (calling after Hermie as he leaves the house in an early scene, and after he enters his room in a later scene).

title: Robert Mulligan

text: over $20 million, and Mulligan was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Director. "Summer of '42" was followed by "The Other" (1972), a thriller film scripted by former Hollywood actor Thomas Tryon from his own book. It told the story of two 9-year old boys, Niles and Holland Perry (played by real-life twins Chris and Marty Udvarnoky), who get involved in a series of grisly murders at their home on Peaquot Landing in the 1930s. Although the film was not an immediate success at the box office, it has since gone on to gain a steady cult following.

title: 42 (film)

text: 42 (film) 42 is a 2013 American biographical sports film written and directed by Brian Helgeland about the racial integration of American professional baseball by player Jackie Robinson, who wore jersey number 42 through his Major League career. The film stars Chadwick Boseman as Robinson, and Harrison Ford as Branch Rickey, with Alan Tudyk, Nicole Beharie, Christopher Meloni, André Holland, Lucas Black, Hamish Linklater, and Ryan Merriman appearing in supporting roles. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed over $97 million on a $40 million budget. "42" was released in North America on April 12, 2013. In 1945, after

title: Summer of '42 (book)

text: film's release, so the film was publicized as "from Herman Raucher's national best seller." Both the film and this book are based on the real incidents that happened during the summer of 1942 in Raucher's life. Raucher's novelization of the screenplay, with the dedication, "To those I love, past and present," serves more as the tribute to his friend Oscar Seltzer that he had intended the film to be, with the focus of the book being more on the two boys' relationship than Raucher's relationship with Dorothy. The book also mentions Seltzer's death, which is absent from the film adaptation.

title: Summer of '42

text: for featuring a young, slim John Candy briefly appearing in his first film role. The film met with poor critical reviews; the only three reviews available at Rotten Tomatoes are resoundingly negative, with Channel 4 calling it "a big disappointment," and "The New York Times" stating "The only things worth attention in 'Class of '44 are the period details," and "'Class of '44' seems less like a movie than 95 minutes of animated wallpaper." The film's soundtrack consists almost entirely of compositions by Michel Legrand, many of which are variants upon "The Summer Knows", the film's theme. Lyrics are by

title: Summer of '42

text: country, at venues such as Kalliope Stage in Cleveland Heights, Ohio in 2004 (directed by Paul Gurgol) and Mill Mountain Theatre in Roanoke, Virginia, (directed by Jere Hodgin and choreographed by Bernard Monroe), and was subsequently recorded as a concert by the York Theatre Company in 2006. In 2002, O'Neill claimed to have obtained the rights to make a sequel to "Summer of '42", based on a short story she wrote, which took place in an alternate reality where Herman Raucher had a son and divorced his wife, went back to Nantucket in 1962 with a still-living Oscar Seltzer, and

title: Michael Dolan

text: Michael Dolan Michael Dolan (born June 21, 1965, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American theatre and film actor, director and educator. Michael Dolan's interest in cinema started at the age of 10, when he filmed a remake of "Summer of '42" (1971), entitled "Summer of '76". He dropped out of high school when he was 17 and moved to New York to become an actor. His professional career commenced in 1985, at age 20, with an off-broadway stage debut in the Albert Innaurato play "Coming of Age in Soho" and a pair of TV appearances. This was followed in 1987

title: 42 (film)

text: film about a most extraordinary man." Lisa Kennedy, of the "Denver Post", lauded the film, saying "This story inspires and entertains with a vital chapter in this nation's history." Conversely, Peter Rainer, of "The Christian Science Monitor", criticized the film as "TV-movie-of-the-week dull and Robinson's ordeal is hammered home to the exclusion of virtually everything else in his life." The film's actors were generally praised, with Owen Gleiberman saying of Ford, "He gives an ingeniously stylized cartoon performance, his eyes atwinkle, his mouth a rubbery grin, his voice all wily Southern music, though with that growl of Fordian anger just

title: Herman Raucher

text: Herman Raucher Herman Raucher (born April 13, 1928) is an American author and screenwriter. He is best known for writing the autobiographical screenplay and novel "Summer of '42", which became one of the highest-grossing films and one of the best selling novels of the 1970s, respectively. He began his writing career during the Golden Age of Television, when he moonlighted as a scriptwriter while working for a Madison Avenue advertising agency. He effectively retired from writing in the 1980s after a number of projects failed to come to fruition, though his books remain in print and a remake of one

title: Summer of '42 (book)

text: Both in the film and in the book, Dorothy helps Hermie by providing ice when Hermie's tongue gets hurt by the hot coffee. Unlike Dorothy in the book, Dorothy in the film repeatedly apologizes to Hermie for the coffee being too hot and makes sure that he is doing fine. In the film, Dorothy moves on to her work and also to a conversation "only" after she makes sure that Hermie's tongue is feeling better. But in the book, there is no indication of an apology from Dorothy. In the book, when Hermie was "able" to look up to see

title: Summer of '42 (book)

text: There are differences between the real life incident that happened during the night and the incident in the film. The book stayed faithful to the real incident that happened during that night. In 2002 TCPalms Interview, Raucher pointed out that the real Dorothy was drinking heavily when he visited Dorothy during night time. This is implied in the book. But in the film, it is only implied that Dorothy "may" have been drinking. But when Dorothy appears to Hermie in the film, visually there is no indication of her being drunk at all. In the film, Dorothy is completely aware

title: Jeremy (film)

text: hit films "Love Story" and "Summer of '42", which had similar subject matter about young people coming of age through falling in love. Roger Greenspun called it "true and moving" despite "indulging almost every cliche available to young love in Manhattan." Gene Siskel praised the "honesty and candor" of Benson and O'Connor's performances, saying that their characters' "sincerity is believable". "Variety" wrote that director Barron "handle[d] this slight but glowing pic with insight" and that the final scenes were "executed touchingly." Some controversy was caused by the nude sex scene between Benson and O'Connor, who were both 16 years old

title: 42 (film)

text: in there. ... I love the movie. I'm pleased with it. It's authentic and it's also very powerful." The film earned $27.3 million for its opening weekend, the best premiere for a baseball-themed film in Hollywood history. Only released in the US and Canada, the film went on to gross a total of $95,020,213. "42" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 16, 2013 in the United States and on February 3, 2014 in the U.K. Robinson and Rachel Isum became engaged in 1943, while he was still in the United States Army and before he began his professional

title: Scary Movie

text: Hailstorm's character, which resembles that of Gale Weathers, and Doofy Gilmore, of Deputy Dewey Riley. Buffy Gilmore is a play on the character of Helen Shivers in "I Know What You Did Last Summer", portrayed by Sarah Michelle Gellar, and her name is a reference to Gellar's role as Buffy Summers in the hit TV series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer". Greg Phillipe is referential to Ryan Phillipe, who plays Gellar's boyfriend in "I Know What You Did Last Summer"; likewise, Bobby Prinze is in reference to Freddie Prinze Jr., who also starred opposite Jennifer Love Hewitt in the film. Cindy

title: Summer of '42

text: a charting hit with his 1971 version), Biddu, Tony Bennett, Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, Andy Williams, Jonny Fair, Scott Walker, Jackie Evancho, Oscar Peterson, Bill Evans, Toots Thielemans, George Benson and Barbra Streisand. The 1973 song "Summer (The First Time)" by Bobby Goldsboro has almost exactly the same subject and apparent setting, although there is no direct credited link. Bryan Adams has, however, credited the film as being a partial inspiration for his 1985 hit "Summer of '69". Garth Brooks' 1993 hit "That Summer" features a similar story of a coming-of-age male in a romance with an older female. An

title: Summer of My German Soldier (film)

text: Summer of My German Soldier (film) Summer of My German Soldier is a 1978 American made-for-television war drama romance film based on the novel of the same name written by Bette Greene. It stars Kristy McNichol as a Jewish-American girl and Bruce Davison as the German prisoner of war whom she befriends. Twelve-year-old Patty Bergen lives in the small American town of Jenkinsville, Georgia, during World War II. Patty's family owns the local clothing and general supplies store, in which Patty occasionally works. Patty's abusive father and uncaring mother have little time for her, instead favoring her younger sister Sharon.

title: Now, Voyager

text: top love stories in American cinema. Film critic Steven Jay Schneider suggests the film continues to be popular due not only to its star power but also the "emotional crescendos" engendered in the storyline. The film had a cameo appearance during the theatre scene in the movie "Summer of '42". Drab Charlotte Vale is an unattractive, overweight, repressed spinster whose life is brutally dominated by her tyrannical mother, an aristocratic Boston dowager whose verbal and emotional abuse of her daughter has contributed to the woman's complete lack of self-confidence. It is revealed that Mrs. Vale had already brought up three

title: Hope Summers

text: Hope Summers Sarah Hope Summers (June 7, 1902 – July 22, 1979), better known as Hope Summers, was an American character actress known for her work on CBS's "The Andy Griffith Show" and "Mayberry RFD", portraying Clara Edwards. Hope Summers was born in Mattoon, Illinois, the daughter of U.S. Representative John W. Summers and Jennie (née Burks). She was reared in Illinois and later in Walla Walla, Washington. She graduated from Northwestern School of Speech at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois and taught speech and diction there. From here, she became the head of the Speech Department at Bradley University

title: 42 (film)

text: beneath it." "The Hollywood Reporter" commented that Boseman "has the necessary appeal, proves convincing as an athlete and is expressive in spite of the fact that the man he's playing must mostly keep his true feelings bottled up." Jackie Robinson's widow, Rachel Robinson, was involved in the production of the film and has praised the end result, saying, "It was important to me because I wanted it to be an authentic piece. I wanted to get it right. I didn't want them to make him an angry black man or some stereotype, so it was important for me to be

title: Summer of '42

text: Marilyn and Alan Bergman. Because the complete score runs just under 17 minutes, only the first and eighth tracks on the album are from "Summer of '42"; the rest of the music is taken from Legrand's score for 1969's "The Picasso Summer". Main theme ""Summer of '42"" won a Grammy Award at 14th edition held in 1972 for ¨"Best Instrumental Composition". In addition to Legrand's scoring, the film also features the song "Hold Tight" by The Andrews Sisters and the theme from "Now, Voyager". On the Billboard 200, it debuted on 9/11/1971 and peaked at #52 on 11/20/1971. In 2014

title: Movie 43

text: Movie 43 Movie 43 is a 2013 American anthology comedy film co-directed and produced by Peter Farrelly, and written by Rocky Russo and Jeremy Sosenko among others. The film features fourteen different storylines, each one by a different director, including Elizabeth Banks, Steven Brill, Steve Carr, Rusty Cundieff, James Duffy, Griffin Dunne, Patrik Forsberg, James Gunn, Bob Odenkirk, Brett Ratner, Will Graham, and Jonathan van Tulleken. It stars an ensemble cast that is led by Elizabeth Banks, Kristen Bell, Halle Berry, Gerard Butler, Leslie Bibb, Kate Bosworth, Josh Duhamel, Anna Faris, Richard Gere, Terrence Howard, Hugh Jackman, Johnny Knoxville, Justin

title: Hope Summers

text: Polanski's film classic "Rosemary's Baby" (1968). She acted until 1978, a year before her death from congestive heart failure in 1979, aged 77, in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California. She is interred at Mountain View Cemetery in Walla Walla, Washington in the Masonic Section. Hope Summers Sarah Hope Summers (June 7, 1902 – July 22, 1979), better known as Hope Summers, was an American character actress known for her work on CBS's "The Andy Griffith Show" and "Mayberry RFD", portraying Clara Edwards. Hope Summers was born in Mattoon, Illinois, the daughter of U.S. Representative John W. Summers and Jennie (née

title: Summer of '42 (book)

text: is no indication in the film that Dorothy is imagining Hermie as her husband Pete. In the book, it is only mentioned that Dorothy talked about private things that Hermie was not familiar with. Unlike the film, the book shows that the tears come out of Hermie's eyes while the music "That Old Feeling" is playing. For the film, Raucher admitted about moving the order of certain events around and interchanging some dialogue. There are several differences between Dorothy in the book and Dorothy in the film. One of several changes is where Hermie's tongue gets hurt by the coffee.

title: Summer Bishil

text: starring Harrison Ford, Ray Liotta and Ashley Judd, a portrayal that received some favorable notice from "Associated Press"s Jay Reiner. She was chosen to portray Azula in M. Night Shyamalan's 2010 film "The Last Airbender", and was planned to be the focus of the planned but never-produced sequel. In 2013 Bishil was cast as Samira one of the lead roles on the short-lived ABC drama "Lucky 7". In late 2014 Bishil was cast in the role of Margo Hanson in the Syfy drama series "The Magicians"; currently in its third season (in 2018). Summer Bishil Summer Yasmine Bishil (born July

title: Summer of Blood

text: Summer of Blood Summer of Blood is a 2014 horror comedy vampire film written, edited, and directed by Onur Tukel. The film stars Tukel, Anna Margaret Hollyman, Dakota Goldhor, Jason Selvig, and Dustin Guy Defa. During an evening date, Eric Sparrow (Onur Tukel) crassly refuses a marriage proposal by his long suffering girlfriend Jody (Anna Margaret Hollyman). On the tense walk home, they run into Jody's college flame Jason (Jason Selvig), for whom Jody promptly ditches Eric. Now alone, Eric stumbles upon a man bleeding of a neck wound in an alley. Despite the man's pleas for help, Eric tactlessly

title: Laura Summer

text: Laura Summer Laura Z. Summer (born November 5, 1965 in New York City, New York) is an American actress, voice actress, and producer. Summer's career began in New York City theater, when she was cast in a production of Antony and Cleopatra, directed by Estelle Parsons. Including voice-over work, she has appeared in over 100 commercials. In the 1980s, she was cast as the trainee for Inspector 12, in the Hanes underwear campaign, known for coining the phrase, "They don't say Hanes until I say they say Hanes". Her voice acting work includes "The Real Ghostbusters" as Janine Melnitz, "Hello

title: Summer of '42

short_answers:
Christopher Norris
Gary Grimes
Jennifer O'Neill
Jerry Houser
Katherine Allentuck
Maureen Stapleton
Oliver Conant


question: what album is sacrifice by elton john on

answers: Sleeping with the Past.

answers: Sleeping with the Past

title: Sacrifice (song)

text: 55 in the UK and at number 18 in the US in March 1990. In mid-1990 English DJ Steve Wright began playing the song on BBC Radio 1, soon followed by many more radio DJs. The song was then re-released as a double A-side single, along with "Healing Hands", and reached number one in the UK in June 1990. Thus, it became John's first solo number-one single in the UK Singles Chart, remaining on the top spot for five weeks. With this re-release, Elton John also got his first number one in France and stayed on the chart for 26

title: Sleeping with the Past

text: upper register would become few and far between. Wynonna Judd recorded a contemporary country music cover version of "Stones Throw from Hurtin'" which was featured in the 1992 film "Leap of Faith" starring Steve Martin. Sinéad O'Connor recorded a cover version of "Sacrifice" for the 1991 "" tribute album. This was John's first album since "Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy" with John and Taupin writing every song on the album without additional writing credits from others. All tracks written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin. Side one Side two The version of "Durban Deep" on the 1998 remaster

title: The Very Best of Elton John

text: the double A-sided "Sacrifice/Healing Hands" single, which was the third best-selling single of 1990 in the United Kingdom, the album became an instant smash in that country. It spent its first two weeks at #1 and then nine strong weeks at #2. It was kept from the top during all nine weeks by Madonna's "Immaculate Collection". In all the album spent 145 weeks inside the UK top 200 album chart, making a total of 11 re-entries, and it was certified 9× Platinum by the BPI on 1 March 1995. It includes a total of 28 hit singles plus the new

title: Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)

text: version had a somewhat different selection of bonus tracks as well as altered artwork. All tracks written by Gary Numan. Sacrifice (Gary Numan album) Sacrifice is the twelfth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released in October 1994 by Numa Records. Its release followed a self-acknowledged career low point, "Machine + Soul" (1992), and is often cited as marking the start of a critical and artistic rejuvenation for the one-time pop star. The album was released in the US in 1997 with a different cover by Joseph Michael Linsner, and a new title, Dawn, based on the comic

title: Sacrifice (song)

text: "Sacrifice" is a ballad performed by musician Elton John. The lyrics are by Bernie Taupin and the music by John. The song appears on the 1989 album Sleeping with the Past.  It was first released in October 1989, then in 1990, and was the second single from the album. It achieved success, particularly in France and the UK, where it became his first solo chart-topper, spending five weeks at the top.

title: Sacrifice (song)

text: by the Aretha Franklin song "Do Right Woman, Do Right Man" and described as a Percy Sledge song by Elton John. The song is beloved by both John and Bernie Taupin and deemed a bookend of sorts to their first hit "Your Song". Taupin has said he is surprised he wrote it, and said in an interview, "I think 'Sacrifice' is one of the best songs we've written." The song is not a typical love song, but rather a song about a breakup of a marriage where the loss of the relationship is "no sacrifice". Although the single was successful,

title: Healing Hands (Elton John song)

text: three singles released from the album, with the follow-ups being "Sacrifice" and "Club at the End of the Street". "Healing Hands" did moderately well as a single in the United States, climbing to #13 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and reaching #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart on the week of 21 October 1989 (dislodging Madonna's "Cherish" from the #1 position). The song failed to make the UK Top 40 on its initial release, as did the follow-up, "Sacrifice". However, after Steve Wright of BBC Radio One added "Sacrifice" to his station's playlist, "Sacrifice" was re-released in the UK as

text: Two Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin Two Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin is a 1991 tribute album consisting of interpretations of sixteen songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin. The title refers to a song on John's album "21 at 33", "Two Rooms at the End of the World", and to the duo's unusual collaborative style; it is also the title of a 1991 film documenting their collaboration. The album gained an uneven reception, though some performances were singled out for praise, including Sinéad O'Connor's interpretation of "Sacrifice" and

title: Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)

text: Sacrifice (Gary Numan album) Sacrifice is the twelfth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, released in October 1994 by Numa Records. Its release followed a self-acknowledged career low point, "Machine + Soul" (1992), and is often cited as marking the start of a critical and artistic rejuvenation for the one-time pop star. The album was released in the US in 1997 with a different cover by Joseph Michael Linsner, and a new title, Dawn, based on the comic book character of the same name, but the track listing was identical. On "Sacrifice", paraphernalia which Numan had previously, by

title: Sacrifice (band)

text: a compilation, "198666", and it has the three demo's and live track's from early years. In 2008, they entered Rouge Valley Studio in Toronto to record the album "The Ones I Condemn", released in 2009 by Marquee Records from Brazil. In late 2010 Sacrifice teamed up with punk rock band Propagandhi to release a 7-inch single where both bands perform cover tunes. Propagandi covered Corrosion of Conformity's hardcore/metal crossover "Technocracy" and Sacrifice covered Rush's "Anthem". The cover of "Anthem" was included as a bonus track on the Canadian issue of "The Ones I Condemn". On April 29, 2011 Sacrifice finally

title: Sacrifice (song)

text: relationship after being married and raising a daughter. After they go their separate ways, the man raises his daughter alone. The video was directed by Alek Keshishian and it had Yasmeen Ghauri and Chris Isaak in it. The version used in the promo video is slightly sped up compared to the album version. The result is a higher pitched vocal and shorter length time. The video was filmed in Los Angeles in 1989, and was the second video made after Elton rejected a version from Ken Russell. Sacrifice was initially released as a single in 1989, but stalled at number

title: Twila Paris

text: Communications, EMI switched her to Sparrow Records in 1996, before her contract ended after 2003. In 2005, she switched to the praise and worship label Integrity Music for "He Is Exalted: Live Worship". Paris released "Small Sacrifice" on December 26, 2007, which was available only through her Web site and at Lifeway Christian Stores. This album married the two parts of her career by including both inspirational pop/adult contemporary songs and original praise and worship compositions. Her first radio single from "Small Sacrifice" was "Live to Praise". "Small Sacrifice" was released for wider distribution by Koch Records on February 24,

title: Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)

text: re-releases in 1998 and 1999. A number of tracks displayed an antipathy towards religion, a stance that had been noted in isolated songs from early in Numan’s career but which became more pronounced on this album and its successors, "Exile" (1997) and "Pure" (2000). The single released from the album, "A Question of Faith", appeared to cast the singer as a fallen angel ("I dare you to judge me / Now God has disowned me"), a theme that would dominate "Exile", before concluding: "They kneel down / Praise God / Shout Hallelujah ... When children kill children / Don’t it

title: Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)

text: with, amongst others, previous Machine + Soul producer Kipper but Numan wasn't quite happy with the direction, and it was whilst he was considering signing to another label that they suggested he record vocals to a recently released soundtrack for The Radial Pair. Numan did not sign on to the label but instead adopted these tracks along with others which eventually became "Sacrifice" after hearing Depeche Mode album "Songs of Faith and Devotion" and decided this was the musical direction he wanted to take. "Play Like God" and the demo "Metal Beat" were dropped from the album, appearing on later

title: Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)

text: with the beginnings of a critical reassessment of his career and acknowledgment of his influence on such artists as Nine Inch Nails, Foo Fighters, Marilyn Manson, The Magnetic Fields, The Prodigy and Afrika Bambaataa. An 'Extended' version of "Sacrifice", approximately twice as long again as the original, was released in 1995. The same year, most of the tracks appeared on "Dark Light", Numan’s live recording from the "Sacrifice" tour. In 1999 the album was reissued with bonus tracks in the UK (Eagle Records) and US (Cleopatra Records). As with other reissues of albums originally released on Numa Records, the US

title: Sacrifice (band)

text: a new album. Sacrifice (band) Sacrifice is a Canadian thrash metal band from Toronto, Ontario. The band was formed by guitarists Rob Urbinati and Joe Rico in 1983. Sacrifice played a prominent role in the 1980s scene in Toronto, and along with Voivod, Razor and Annihilator, they are considered one of the "Big 4" of Canadian thrash metal. The band released four studio albums before parting ways in 1993. After coming back together to play a reunion concert in 2006, they released their fifth studio album "The Ones I Condemn" on Brazilian label Marquee Records in 2009. Although the band

title: Silverstein (band)

text: "A Shipwreck in the Sand"". On December 3, 2010, the band posted the first single, Sacrifice, off of the new EP. On February 4, 2011, the band played a free show in Toronto, with Robby Starbuck filming the entire performance for a music video for a song on the upcoming album titled 'The Artist'. A guest vocalist was also present for the filming, who was later revealed to be Brendan Murphy from Counterparts. It was also revealed in response to a question on the band's Formspring that he will feature in the yet to be released studio version of the

title: Diamonds (Elton John album)

text: Diamonds (Elton John album) Diamonds is a greatest hits album by British singer-songwriter Elton John spanning his biggest hits from 1970 to 2016. The album was released on 10 November 2017. It was released in a 2-CD version, a 3-CD deluxe box set and a 2-LP vinyl version. It is the first Elton John career-spanning compilation released since "" in 2007. It was released to commemorate the 50 years of John's work with lyricist Bernie Taupin, since 1967. Although the initial year of the collaboration has been 1967, the oldest hit in the album is "Your Song", from the album

title: The Brymers

text: "40 Year Brotherhood", which features their newer recorings. The song, "Sacrifice" appeared on the "Garage Punk Unknowns, Volume 1" CD, released by Crypt Records. "Sacrifice" and their version of "House of the Rising Sun" (which remained unissued for years), are both featured in the film "Jobs" starring Ashton Kutcher. "I Want to Tell You" was featured in a scene of the hit ABC TV series, "Once Upon A Time". The Brymers The Brymers were an American garage rock band from San Joaquin Valley, California, who were active in the 1960s. They had a regional hit with the song "Sacrifice", which

title: No Sacrifice, No Victory

text: songs from all previous albums. The album was certified gold in Sweden. The song "My Sharona" was also released as a single, the second single released from this album, and only has one track which has the same name as the song. No Sacrifice, No Victory No Sacrifice, No Victory is the seventh studio album by HammerFall and was released February 20, 2009. It was partly recorded in PAMA Studios in Torsås and partly at King Diamond guitarist, Andy La Rocque's Sonic Train Studios in Varberg. This is the first album featuring the band's new lead guitarist Pontus Norgren and

title: Les Dudek (album)

text: Boz Scaggs adds a flair of funky jazz. Les Dudek (album) Les Dudek is American guitarist Les Dudek's 1976 self-titled solo debut album. Steve Miller covered "What a Sacrifice" on his album "Book of Dreams" as "Sacrifice", which included Dudek and James Curly Cooke in the recording. His early releases influenced by the Southern rock style of the Allman Brothers Band - slide guitar and dual drummers on a few tracks. Dudek was one of the replacement considerations after the death of Duane Allman. He had uncredited contributions to "Ramblin' Man" and "Jessica" and was part of the recording of

title: Sacrifice (Saxon album)

text: ready to mix the record. By October, the mixing process had been completed. On 30 October 2012, the band had announced, via their official website, the UK leg of the "Sacrifice World Tour" which would support the new album, whose title was revealed to be "Sacrifice". The track listing and album artwork was announced on 15 November 2012. The album was originally due to be released in several formats starting on 22 February, but due to production issues, the date was pushed back one week to 1 March. The album was released as a CD, deluxe edition, which included a

title: Elton John (album)

text: the same year, it was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. This was the first of a string of John albums produced by Gus Dudgeon. As Dudgeon recalled in a "Mix" magazine interview, the album was not actually intended to launch John as an artist, but rather as a collection of polished demos for other artists to consider recording his and co-writer Bernie Taupin's songs. In 2003, the album was ranked number 468 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. On 27 November 2012, it was inducted into the Grammy

title: Chris Gero

text: Choir (tribute to "The Lion King") and John Mayer (a duet with Elton John on "Sacrifice"). Elton John then hit the stage, entertaining the audience for more than an hour with a selection of songs, after which all the performers returned to the stage for the grand finale, "Crocodile Rock." On January 14, 2010, Gero produced Yamaha's 50th Anniversary Dealer Concert - held in conjunction with the Winter NAMM event - at Disney California Adventure Park's Hyperion Theater. The show's lineup of performers included Natalie Cole, Jason Mraz, Michael McDonald, Vince Gill, John Ondrasik of Five for Fighting, Jon McLaughlin

title: Sacrifice (band)

text: Sacrifice (band) Sacrifice is a Canadian thrash metal band from Toronto, Ontario. The band was formed by guitarists Rob Urbinati and Joe Rico in 1983. Sacrifice played a prominent role in the 1980s scene in Toronto, and along with Voivod, Razor and Annihilator, they are considered one of the "Big 4" of Canadian thrash metal. The band released four studio albums before parting ways in 1993. After coming back together to play a reunion concert in 2006, they released their fifth studio album "The Ones I Condemn" on Brazilian label Marquee Records in 2009. Although the band faced numerous lineup

title: Sacrifice (Gary Numan album)

text: future wife Gemma O’Neill; "Love and Napalm" was a guitar-driven number whose distinctive riff recalled the early days of Tubeway Army. In a 2000 interview, Numan described his approach to the recording. Prior to "Sacrifice", "I spent quite a few years just trying to write songs that would get me back on the radio". For the new album, "I just went right back to the way I was when I was a teenager, first time writing songs, with all the enthusiasm for it". The resultant music, whilst not a commercial success, garnered Numan his best notices in years and coincided

title: The Spiral Sacrifice

text: The Spiral Sacrifice The Spiral Sacrifice is the 13th album by Sopor Æternus & the Ensemble of Shadows. The album was released on February 8, 2018 on four different formats: on compact disc format with 128-page hardcover book (limited to 1500 copies); on 3x12" black vinyl with an additional booklet (limited to 500 copies); on two tape versions (Hot Pink and Pale Pink) wax-sealed, signed and hand-packaged by Anna Varney herself; and on a limited Supporter's Box edition including the compact disc version format, 3x12" pink vinyl, an extra 7" vinyl with two chamber music-like dark ambient mixes, a fold-out

title: Love Songs (Elton John album)

text: Love Songs (Elton John album) Love Songs is a compilation album by British singer-songwriter Elton John. The album was first released on 6 November 1995 by John's own label The Rocket Record Company, in conjunction with Mercury Records. The album was released in North America by MCA Records almost a year after the European release, on 24 September 1996. In the US, it was certified gold in December 1996, platinum in March 1997, 2× platinum in December 1998 and 3× platinum in August 2000 by the RIAA. The album was a major success upon its release, topping the albums charts

title: Sacrifices (Prefuse 73 album)

text: Sacrifices (Prefuse 73 album) Sacrifices is a 2018 studio album by Guillermo Scott Heren as under his alias of Prefuse 73. It was released on May 25, 2018. Daniel Sylvester of "Exclaim!" found the sound of the album to be similar to Herren's earlier music, noting a return to "sparse hip-hop beats that defined his celebrated 2001 debut, "Vocal Studies + Uprock Narratives". "Sacrifices" was released on May 25, 2018 through Lex Records digitally, and will received a physical release on June 15. Sylvester awarded the album a 7 out of 10 in "Exclaim!", noting that "much of Sacrifices, including

title: Saxon (band)

text: titled "Sacrifice" and it was released on 25 February 2013. On 11 December 2012 "Heavy Metal Thunder - The Movie" saw an international release and was the first Blu-ray release for the band. 2013 also saw the release of a new compilation album "Unplugged and Strung Up". 2014 saw the release of a new live album named "St. George’s Day Sacrifice - Live in Manchester". The band also embarked on a tour in October of that year named Warriors of the Road. During an interview in November 2014, Biff Byford revealed plans for the band's next studio album, saying: "We're

title: Sacrifice (song)

short_answers:
Sleeping with the Past
Sleeping with the Past.


question: when did they replace lead with graphite in pencils

answers: never contained the element lead

title: Graphite

text: in this fashion in 2005. The ability to leave marks on paper and other objects gave graphite its name, given in 1789 by German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner. It stems from "graphein", meaning "to write" or "draw" in Ancient Greek. From the 16th century, all pencils were made with leads of English natural graphite, but modern pencil lead is most commonly a mix of powdered graphite and clay; it was invented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté in 1795. It is chemically unrelated to the metal lead, whose ores had a similar appearance, hence the continuation of the name. Plumbago is another older

title: Writing implement

text: a lead-based metal alloy that leaves dark markings on paper by abrading small pieces of core onto the surface. However, most modern "lead pencils" have a nonpoisonous core of greyish-black graphite mixed with various proportions of clay for consistency, enclosed within an outer wooden casing to protect the fragile graphite from being snapped apart or from leaving marks on the user's hand. White chalk has been traditionally used in schoolrooms to write on a main blackboard at the front of the room. In the 19th century, and indeed well into the 20th century, when paper was less readily available, individual

title: Pencil

text: for the outer coating could contain high concentrations of lead, and this could be ingested when the pencil was sucked or chewed. The lead of the pencil is a mix of finely ground graphite and clay powders. Before the two substances are mixed, they are separately cleaned of foreign matter and dried in a manner that creates large square cakes. Once the cakes have fully dried, the graphite and the clay squares are mixed together using water. The amount of clay content added to the graphite depends on the intended pencil hardness (lower proportions of clay makes the core softer),

title: Pencil

text: palm-leaf manuscripts. As a technique for drawing, the closest predecesor to the pencil was Silverpoint until in 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), a large deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. It remains the only large-scale deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form. Chemistry was in its infancy and the substance was thought to be a form of lead. Consequently, it was called

title: Pencil

title: Pencil

text: thereby pushing a new tip to the top. Invented by Harold Grossman for Empire Pencil Company in 1967 and subsequently improved upon by Arthur D. Little for Empire from 1969 through the early 1970s; the plastic pencil was commercialised by Empire as the "EPCON" Pencil. These pencils were co-extruded, extruding a plasticised graphite mix within a wood-composite core. Residual graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous, and graphite is harmless if consumed. Although lead has not been used for writing since antiquity, lead poisoning from pencils was not uncommon. Until the middle of the 20th century the paint used

title: Lead

text: to that of primary lead; some refining processes may be skipped depending on the material recycled and its potential contamination. Of the sources of lead for recycling, lead–acid batteries are the most important; lead pipe, sheet, and cable sheathing are also significant. Contrary to popular belief, pencil leads in wooden pencils have never been made from lead. When the pencil originated as a wrapped graphite writing tool, the particular type of graphite used was named "plumbago" (literally, "act for lead" or "lead mockup"). Lead metal has several useful mechanical properties, including high density, low melting point, ductility, and relative inertness.

title: Pencil

text: of the Koh-I-Noor in 1790, remains in use. In 1802, the production of graphite leads from graphite and clay was patented by the Koh-I-Noor company in Vienna. In England, pencils continued to be made from whole sawn graphite. Henry Bessemer's first successful invention (1838) was a method of compressing graphite powder into solid graphite thus allowing the waste from sawing to be reused. American colonists imported pencils from Europe until after the American Revolution. Benjamin Franklin advertised pencils for sale in his "Pennsylvania Gazette" in 1729, and George Washington used a three-inch pencil when he surveyed the Ohio Territory in

title: Pencil

text: taken over by the Crown and were guarded. When sufficient stores of graphite had been accumulated, the mines were flooded to prevent theft until more was required. The usefulness of graphite for pencils was discovered as well, but graphite for pencils had to be smuggled. The news of the usefulness of these early pencils spread far and wide, attracting the attention of artists all over the known world. Because graphite is soft, it requires some form of encasement. Graphite sticks were initially wrapped in string or sheepskin for stability. England would enjoy a monopoly on the production of pencils until

title: Pencil

text: a method of reconstituting the graphite powder was found in 1662 in Italy. However, the distinctively square English pencils continued to be made with sticks cut from natural graphite into the 1860s. The town of Keswick, near the original findings of block graphite, still manufactures pencils, the factory also being the location of the Cumberland Pencil Museum. The meaning of "graphite writing implement" apparently evolved late in the 16th century. Around 1560, an Italian couple named Simonio and Lyndiana Bernacotti made what are likely the first blueprints for the modern, wood-encased carpentry pencil. Their version was a flat, oval, more

title: William Munroe (pencil maker)

text: top of the water with a spoon and mixed them with a clay solution. His first experiments with this lead solution was not very successful. He continued making cabinet maker’s squares and sold the few of these which he could. In this time he continued experimenting with graphite lead for pencils with little accomplishment. He had no knowledge of the subject and feared consulting others as they might take the idea and produce pencils themselves. Munroe continued experimenting in secret with graphite powder formulas on his own. Eventually he figured a way to come up with a suitable graphite paste

title: Graphite

text: term for natural graphite used for drawing, typically as a lump of the mineral without a wood casing. The term plumbago drawing is normally restricted to 17th and 18th century works, mostly portraits. Today, pencils are still a small but significant market for natural graphite. Around 7% of the 1.1 million tonnes produced in 2011 was used to make pencils. Low-quality amorphous graphite is used and sourced mainly from China. Natural graphite has found uses in zinc-carbon batteries, in electric motor brushes, and various specialized applications. Graphite of various hardness or softness results in different qualities and tones when used

title: Graphite

text: the name "graphite" ("writing stone") in 1789. He attempted to clear up the confusion between molybdena, plumbago and black lead after Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1778 proved that there are at least three different minerals. Scheele's analysis showed that the chemical compounds molybdenum sulfide (molybdenite), lead(II) sulfide (galena) and graphite were three different soft black minerals. Natural graphite is mostly used for refractories, batteries, steelmaking, expanded graphite, brake linings, foundry facings and lubricants. The use of graphite as a refractory material began before 1900 with the graphite crucible used to hold molten metal; this is now a minor part of

title: Nicolas-Jacques Conté

text: appear to be true.” Conté invented the modern pencil lead at the request of Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot. The French Republic was at that time under economic blockade and unable to import graphite from Great Britain, the main source of the material. Carnot asked Conté to create a pencil that did not rely on foreign imports. After several days of research, Conté had the idea of mixing powdered graphite with clay and pressing the material between two half-cylinders of wood. Thus was formed the modern pencil. Conté received a patent for the invention in 1795, and formed la Société Conté

title: Joseph Dixon (inventor)

text: Park neighborhood of historic Downtown Jersey City, New Jersey in 1847. The Dixon Mills complex has subsequently become residences. During the 1860s, people typically wrote with quill pens and ink even though Dixon introduced graphite pencils in 1829. But the American Civil War created a demand for a dry, clean, portable writing instrument and led to the mass production of pencils. At the time of Dixon's death in 1869, the Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the largest manufacturer of graphite products in the world. By 1870, The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the world's largest dealer and consumer of graphite.

title: Pencil

text: sticks from the British Grey Knotts mines – the only known source in the world. France was also unable to import the inferior German graphite pencil substitute. It took the efforts of an officer in Napoleon's army to change this. In 1795, Nicolas-Jacques Conté discovered a method of mixing powdered graphite with clay and forming the mixture into rods that were then fired in a kiln. By varying the ratio of graphite to clay, the hardness of the graphite rod could also be varied. This method of manufacture, which had been earlier discovered by the Austrian Joseph Hardtmuth, the founder

title: Graphite

text: Mines report on graphite mines and mining, when Canadian deposits began to become important producers of graphite. Historically, graphite was called black lead or plumbago. Plumbago was commonly used in its massive mineral form. Both of these names arise from confusion with the similar-appearing lead ores, particularly galena. The Latin word for lead, "plumbum", gave its name to the English term for this grey metallic-sheened mineral and even to the leadworts or plumbagos, plants with flowers that resemble this colour. The term "black lead" usually refers to a powdered or processed graphite, matte black in color. Abraham Gottlob Werner coined

title: Graphite

text: 1845, opened mines in the Lake Ticonderoga district of New York, built a processing plant there, and a factory to manufacture pencils, crucibles and other products in New Jersey, described in the "Engineering & Mining Journal" 21 December 1878. The Dixon pencil is still in production. The beginnings of the revolutionary froth flotation process are associated with graphite mining. Included in the "E&MJ" article on the Dixon Crucible Company is a sketch of the “floating tanks” used in the age-old process of extracting graphite. Because graphite is so light, the mix of graphite and waste was sent through a final

title: Henry David Thoreau

text: do alongside his writing and other work for most of his adult life. He rediscovered the process of making good pencils with inferior graphite by using clay as the binder. This invention allowed profitable use of a graphite source found in New Hampshire that had been purchased in 1821 by Thoreau's brother-in-law, Charles Dunbar. The process of mixing graphite and clay, known as the Conté process, had been first patented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté in 1795. The company's other source of graphite had been Tantiusques, a mine operated by Native Americans in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. Later, Thoreau converted the pencil factory to

title: Graphite

text: sticks. Because of its military importance, this unique mine and its production were strictly controlled by the Crown. During the 19th century, graphite's uses greatly expanded to include stove polish, lubricants, paints, crucibles, foundry facings, and pencils, a major factor in the expansion of educational tools during the first great rise of education for the masses. The British empire controlled most of the world's production (especially from Ceylon), but production from Austrian, German and American deposits expanded by mid-century. For example, the Dixon Crucible Company of Jersey City, New Jersey, founded by Joseph Dixon (inventor) and partner Orestes Cleveland in

title: William Munroe (pencil maker)

text: drawing board to do further experimenting with his secret lead pencil paste. One thing led to another until he came up with a powdered graphite paste product that would make its mark. Munroe decided in 1819 he would go into pencil manufacturing full-time. He no longer desired to be number two. He made a square deal with his employees then to sell them his furniture business. He contracted with them to make his cabinet maker’s squares and pencil blanks for payment of the shop business. Munroe in turn then produced the unique graphite paste for his pencils, of which only

title: William Munroe (pencil maker)

text: wooden-cased graphite lead pencils manufactured in the United States. Andrews was a previous customer of Munroe’s, to whom he had sold cabinetmaker’s squares. He ordered more immediately, which Munroe proceeded to grind out. Munroe showed up at Andrew’s hardware store with over four hundred pencils less than two weeks later. Andrews then wrote up a contract with Munroe to take for a price all the pencils that he could make in a certain time frame. Munroe had then made a business out of making lead pencils. He made the graphite formula for his pencils in secret, with only the help

title: Mechanical pencil

text: applied at an angle. When excess vertical pressure is applied on the lead, the lead is automatically retracted inwards. Higher-end mechanical pencils often feature a lead hardness grade indicator and sometimes feature a retractable lead guide pipe. This allows the lead guide pipe to retract back into the pencil body, which will keep it protected in storage and during transit and makes it 'pocket-safe'. In spite of the name, pencil leads do not contain the toxic chemical element lead, but are typically made with graphite and clay, or plastic polymers. Compared to standard pencils, mechanical pencils have a smaller range

title: William Munroe (pencil maker)

text: the slots. The final step was to saw the slab into pencils. This resulted in a wooden lead graphite pencil that was just under a half inch thick. The business was a struggle at first, however in ten years' time he had sharpened his skills to perfection. He figured out how to make his machinery fabricate the wooden pencils efficiently in the old textile factory, creating the first and the most successful pencil company in the United States. Munroe took the lead in manufacturing pencils in the United States from that time forward as long as he was in the

title: Graphite

text: paint for decorating pottery. Some time before 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), an enormous deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England, which the locals found useful for marking sheep. During the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603), Borrowdale graphite was used as a refractory material to line moulds for cannonballs, resulting in rounder, smoother balls that could be fired farther, contributing to the strength of the English navy. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and soft, and could easily be cut into

title: Writing in space

text: graphite dust that conducts electricity. Grease pencils on plastic slates were used by the Soviet space program as an early substitute for wood pencils. It is simple with no moving parts. The paper shroud is peeled back when needed. The disadvantage is that the paper wrapper has to be disposed of. Writing done with the grease pencil is also not as durable as ink on paper. Ballpoint pens have been used by Soviet and then Russian space programs as a substitute for grease pencils as well as NASA and ESA. The pens are cheap, use paper (which is easily available),

title: Graphite

text: achieved in CaC, and it further increases under applied pressure (15.1 K at 8 GPa). Graphite's ability to intercalate lithium ions without significant damage from swelling is what makes it the dominant anode material in lithium-ion batteries. In 1893, Charles Street of Le Carbone discovered a process for making artificial graphite. Another process to make synthetic graphite was invented accidentally by Edward Goodrich Acheson (1856–1931). In the mid-1890s, Acheson discovered that overheating carborundum (silicon carbide or SiC) produced almost pure graphite. While studying the effects of high temperature on carborundum, he had found that silicon vaporizes at about 4,150 °C

title: Molybdenum

text: as molybdena. Molybdena was confused with and often utilized as though it were graphite. Like graphite, molybdenite can be used to blacken a surface or as a solid lubricant. Even when molybdena was distinguishable from graphite, it was still confused with the common lead ore PbS (now called galena); the name comes from Ancient Greek ", meaning "lead". (The Greek word itself has been proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages). Although (reportedly) molybdenum was deliberately alloyed with steel in one 14th-century Japanese sword (mfd. ca. 1330), that art was never employed widely and was later lost.

title: Lead carbide

text: carbide PbC has also been obtained accidentally, as a thin layer (about 10 μm thick) on the inner wall of a graphite crucible that had been used to heat a lead-bismuth eutectic alloy for 100 hours at 1073 K in a helium atmosphere. Several reports of "lead carbide" synthesis appeared in the early 19th century, and were widely cited and copied into textbooks during the next few decades. In 1820, for instance, a certain John claimed to have sublimated a black carbide of lead from finely divided mixture of lead and charcoal, but this claim apparently was never reproduced. Also

title: Copying pencil

text: the wound. Such risks are not associated with ordinary graphite pencils. While these symptoms may appear after a couple of days they often develop only after weeks have passed since the injury was sustained. Surgery is required to remove the dye and the infected tissue and "the necrotizing action may be so severe and extensive amputation is necessary". Copying pencil A copying pencil, also indelible pencil or chemical pencil, is pencil whose lead contains a dye. The lead is fabricated by adding a dry water-soluble permanent dye to powdered graphite—used in standard graphite pencils—before binding the mixture with clay. Copying

title: Pencil

long_answer: As a technique for drawing, the closest predecesor to the pencil was Silverpoint until in 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), a large deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from the hamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. It remains the only large-scale deposit of graphite ever found in this solid form. Chemistry was in its infancy and the substance was thought to be a form of lead. Consequently, it was called plumbago (Latin for "lead ore"). Because the pencil core is still referred to as "lead", or a "lead", many people have the misconception that the graphite in the pencil is lead, and the black core of pencils is still referred to as lead, even though it never contained the element lead. The words for pencil in German (bleistift), Irish (peann luaidhe), Arabic (قلم رصاص qalam raṣāṣ), and some other languages literally mean lead pen.