question: who plays the walking boss in cool hand luke

answers: Morgan Woodward

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: prison farm. He wears the trademark shades of Boss Godfrey throughout the episode. Nashville-based Christian alternative rock band Cool Hand Luke is named after the film. Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg, starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance. Newman stars in the title role as Luke, a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system. The film, set in the early 1960s, is based on Donn Pearce's 1965 novel of the same name. Pearce sold the story to Warner

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: leading role was initially considered for Jack Lemmon or Telly Savalas. Newman asked to play the leading role after hearing about the project. In order to develop his character, he traveled to West Virginia, where he recorded local accents and surveyed people's behavior. George Kennedy turned in an Academy Award-winning performance as the leader of the prisoners, Dragline, who fights Luke, and comes to respect him. During the nomination process, worried about the box office success of "Camelot" and "Bonnie and Clyde", Kennedy invested US$5,000 in trade advertising to promote himself. Kennedy later stated that thanks to the award his

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: guards. Later, Luke wins a poker game by bluffing with a hand worth nothing. Luke comments that "sometimes, nothing can be a real cool hand", prompting Dragline to nickname him "Cool Hand Luke". After a visit from his sick mother, Arletta (Jo Van Fleet), Luke becomes more optimistic about his situation. He continually confronts the Captain and the guards, and his sense of humor and independence prove to be both contagious and inspiring to the other prisoners. Luke's struggle for supremacy peaks when he leads a work crew in a seemingly impossible but successful effort to complete a road-paving job

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg, starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance. Newman stars in the title role as Luke, a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system. The film, set in the early 1960s, is based on Donn Pearce's 1965 novel of the same name. Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros., who then hired him to write the script. Due to Pearce's lack of film experience, the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay. Newman's

title: Cool Hand Luke

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: the first part of his speech ("What we've got here is a failure to communicate."). He is immediately shot in the neck by Boss Godfrey. Dragline carries Luke outside and surrenders, but suddenly charges at Boss Godfrey and strangles him until he is beaten and subdued by the other guards. While Luke is loaded into the Captain's car, Dragline tearfully implores him to live. Against the protests of the local police, the Captain decides to take Luke to the distant prison infirmary instead of the local hospital, ensuring that he will not survive the trip. As the Captain's car drives

title: Cool Hand Luke (novel)

text: the day-to-day harsh life of the prisoners than the lead character. Cool Hand Luke (novel) Cool Hand Luke is a novel by Donn Pearce published in 1965. It was adapted into a film of the same name. The story is told in a first-person narrative and is unusual in that although there is dialogue, and all quotes are indented paragraphs, they are not encased in quotation marks as in normal English-language literature. Many of the episodes found in the movie appear in the book as well, including the egg-eating contest, the "string" escape, and Boss Godfrey's shooting. The title character

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: one tears up the photograph of Luke with the women. Seemingly broken, and again working on the chain gang, Luke stops working to give water to a prisoner. Watched by the disappointed prisoners, he runs to one of the trucks to take Boss Godfrey's rifle to him. After Boss Godfrey shoots a snapping turtle, Luke retrieves it from a slough for him, complimenting the boss for his shot. Luke takes one last stab at freedom when he is ordered to take the turtle to the truck. He steals the dump truck, as well as the keys to the other trucks.

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 100% based on reviews by 47 critics, and an average of 8.8/10. Its critical consensus states, "Though hampered by Stuart Rosenberg's direction, "Cool Hand Luke" is held aloft by a stellar script and one of Paul Newman's most indelible performances." "Empire" rated it five stars out of five, declaring the movie one of Newman's best performances. "Slant" rated the film three stars out of four. It described Newman's role as "iconic," also praising its cinematography and sound score. Allmovie praised Newman's performance as "one of the most indelible anti-authoritarian heroes

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: played by a stunt actor, using dogs from the Florida Department of Corrections. Rosenberg wanted the cast to internalize life on a chain gang and banned the presence of wives on set. After Joy Harmon arrived on location, she remained for two days in her hotel room, and wasn't seen by the rest of the cast until shooting commenced. Despite the director's intentions, the scene was ultimately filmed separately. Rosenberg instructed an unaware Harmon of the different movements and expressions he wanted. Originally planned to be shot in half a day, Harmon's scene took three. For the part of the

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: in less than one day. The other prisoners start to idolize him after he makes and wins a spur-of-the moment bet that he can eat fifty hard-boiled eggs in one hour. One day, Luke picks up a deadly rattlesnake from the grassy ditch and holds it up for Boss Godfrey to shoot with his rifle. Luke tosses the snake to the boss as a joke, before he hands him his walking cane. Dragline advises Luke to be more careful about his actions pertaining to the "man with no eyes." A rainstorm causes everyone to prematurely end their work. Before he

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: the rules to the new set of prisoners, with any violations resulting in spending the night in "the box," a small square room with limited air and very little room to move. Luke refuses to observe the established pecking order among the prisoners and quickly runs afoul of the prisoners' leader, Dragline (George Kennedy). When the pair have a boxing match, the prisoners and guards watch with interest. Although Luke is severely outmatched by his larger opponent, he refuses to acquiesce. Eventually, Dragline refuses to continue the fight. Luke's tenacity earns the prisoners' respect and draws the attention of the

title: Cool Hand Peter

text: of Adam West and Joe Swanson, respectively. Bob Gunton's voicing of the warden is probably a nod to his most famous role, that of the warden in the film "The Shawshank Redemption". The title of the episode is a reference to the 1967 American film "Cool Hand Luke". In the opening scene of the episode, while Peter, Joe, Cleveland and Quagmire are drinking at the local bar, Peter's wife, Lois, calls him on his phone. The theme song from "The Cleveland Show" then begins playing as Peter's ringtone. While the group drives to New Orleans, they attempt to pass the

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: and even teenagers. The quotation was listed at number 11 on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines. An audio sample of the line is included in the Guns N' Roses songs "Civil War" and "Madagascar." "Cool Hand Luke" opened on November 1, 1967 at Loew's State Theatre in New York City. The proceeds of the premiere went to charities. The film became a box-office success, grossing US$16,217,773 in domestic screenings. Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, while Pearce and Pierson were

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: away, a semi-conscious Luke weakly smiles while the tires crush Boss Godfrey's glasses. After Luke's implied death, Dragline and the other prisoners fondly reminisce about him. In the final scene, the prison crew is seen working near a rural intersection close to where Luke was shot. Dragline is now wearing leg irons, and there is a new Walking Boss. As the camera zooms out, the torn photograph of Luke grinning with the two women has been taped back together and is superimposed on a bird's eye view of the cross-shaped road junction. Pearce, a merchant seaman who later became a

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: the guards showed that there were "worse ways to pay one's debt with society." Ron Clooney also remarked that prisons "were not hotels and certainly not the stuff of "Cool Hand Luke" movies." In 2003, AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains rated Luke as the number 30 greatest hero in American cinema, and three years later, AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers: America's Most Inspiring Movies rated Cool Hand Luke number 71. In 2006, Luke was ranked 53rd in "Empire" magazine's "The 100 Greatest Movie Characters." The movie solidified Newman's status as a box-office star, while the film is considered a touchstone

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: Paul Newman is the reason this movie works: The smile, the innocent blue eyes, the lack of strutting," which no other actor could have produced as effectively. Contrary to the general consensus, Newman's biographer Lawrence J. Quirk thought that it was one of Newman's weaker performances, stating "For once, even Newman's famed charisma fails him, for in "Cool Hand Luke" he completely lacks the charm that, say, Al Pacino in "Scarecrow" effortlessly exhibits when he plays a screw-up who also winds up (briefly) incarcerated." However, Quirk added that Newman's performance was stronger in the second half and said that "to

title: Cool Hand Luke (soundtrack)

text: film "Cool Hand Luke"... is among his greatest achievements. As the reverie of the end title played so simply by Howard Roberts and Tommy Tedesco becomes a poignant memory of the film's hero and his struggle — as well as his laughter — listeners will find themselves wanting more..." Dan Goldwasser wrote: "Lalo's mixture of bluegrass and symphonic music resulted in a unique and satisfying sound. From the distinctive "Main Title" theme to the highly energetic (and Copeland-esque) "Tar Sequence", the first five minutes alone on the album are enough to give one the clear indication that this is no

title: Cool Hand Peter

text: Diego Comic-Con International, the episode was written by Artie Johann and Shawn Ries, and directed by Brian Iles. The episode received mixed reviews, praising its structure and humor, but criticizing it for not living up to the 1967 drama film "Cool Hand Luke", which the episode was named after. According to Nielsen ratings, it was watched by 7.14 million people in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Ralph Garman, Bob Gunton, Sanaa Lathan, Julius Sharpe, and Jennifer Tilly, along with several recurring guest voice actors from the series. When Cleveland Brown returns to Quahog for a week,

title: Cool Hand Luke (novel)

text: Cool Hand Luke (novel) Cool Hand Luke is a novel by Donn Pearce published in 1965. It was adapted into a film of the same name. The story is told in a first-person narrative and is unusual in that although there is dialogue, and all quotes are indented paragraphs, they are not encased in quotation marks as in normal English-language literature. Many of the episodes found in the movie appear in the book as well, including the egg-eating contest, the "string" escape, and Boss Godfrey's shooting. The title character is prominent in the book, although the novel deals more with

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: the "touchstone of an era." Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score. In 2005, the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry, considering it to be "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." It has a 100% rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. The quotation used by the prison warden (Strother Martin) in the film,

title: Derek Luke (actor)

text: Combs in the 2009 film "Notorious", and James 'Boobie' Miles in the 2004 film "Friday Night Lights". Luke was cast to play Bobby Joe in Glory Road. Luke played Gabe Jones, a member of the Howling Commandos, in the 2011 film "". In June 2011, Luke also began starring in the TNT original medical drama series "HawthoRNe" as Miles Bourdet, an assistant surgeon from Chicago. From February to April 2013, Luke played the character of "Gregory" in the FX series "The Americans". In 2015, he played Malcolm Devoe, head of security for Empire Entertainment on the TV series "Empire" and

title: Luke Sanders

text: Luke Sanders Luke "Cool Hand" Sanders (born December 12, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2011, he has also formerly competed for Strikeforce and the RFA. Born in Brenham, Texas and raised in Nashville, Tennessee, Sanders was athletic from a young age; he won national titles in BMX and finished fourth at the grand nationals event in 1992 at the age of seven. In wrestling, he won a state championship for Montgomery Central High School in 2004 at 145 lbs. Sanders also played hockey,

title: Cool Hand Luke (soundtrack)

text: Cool Hand Luke (soundtrack) Cool Hand Luke is a soundtrack album for the Warner Bros. film of the same name, released in 1967 on the Dot label. The original music for "Cool Hand Luke" was composed by Lalo Schifrin, who reissued it in 2001 along with additional cues and new music on his own Aleph label. In part because its staccato melody resembles the sound of a telegraph, an edited version of the musical cue from "Tar Sequence" has been used for many years as the news music package on several television stations' news programs around the world, most notably

title: Cool Hand Luke (soundtrack)

text: ordinary score." The "Cool Hand Luke" score was nominated for an Academy Award. All songs by Lalo Schifrin unless otherwise noted. Cool Hand Luke (soundtrack) Cool Hand Luke is a soundtrack album for the Warner Bros. film of the same name, released in 1967 on the Dot label. The original music for "Cool Hand Luke" was composed by Lalo Schifrin, who reissued it in 2001 along with additional cues and new music on his own Aleph label. In part because its staccato melody resembles the sound of a telegraph, an edited version of the musical cue from "Tar Sequence" has

title: Marc Warren

text: Luke. Emma Reeves' new adaptation of Donn Pearce's novel "Cool Hand Luke" was directed by Andrew Loudon and ran for a limited season from 23 September 2011 to 7 January 2012 at the Aldwych Theatre, London. He reprised his role of Danny Blue in "Hustle" for the series' final episode. He joined the cast of the American drama "The Good Wife" in 2012 in a recurring role of Kalinda Sharma's estranged husband. He played Rochefort in the BBC drama "The Musketeers", and appeared in "Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell" on the BBC. In late 1979 Warren moved from Northamptonshire to

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: the chain gang, but not before one of the three bloodhounds sent after him dies from heat and overexertion, including the strain of repeatedly going under the wire fences, in his attempt to trail Luke. After his capture and return, the Captain has Luke fitted with leg-irons and delivers a warning speech to the other inmates, explaining, "What we've got here is failure to communicate. Some men you just can't reach. So you get what we had here last week, which is the way he wants it. Well, he gets it. And I don't like it any more than you

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: structures that were built in Stockton included barracks, a mess hall, the warden's quarters, a guard shack and dog kennels. The trees on the set were decorated with spanish moss that the producers took to the area. The construction soon attracted the attention of a county building inspector who confused it with migrant worker housing and ordered it "condemned for code violations." The opening scene where Newman cuts the parking meters was filmed in Lodi, California. Meanwhile, the scene in which Luke is chased by bloodhounds and other exteriors were shot in Jacksonville, Florida, at Callahan Road Prison. Luke was

title: Cool Hand Luke

text: the unit production manager. Newman's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the "tough, honest" script drew together threads from earlier movies, especially "Hombre", Newman's earlier film of 1967. Director Stuart Rosenberg altered the original ending in the script, adding "an upbeat ending that would reprise the protagonist's (and Paul Newman's) trademark smile." Paul Newman's character, Luke, is a decorated war veteran who is sentenced to serve two years in a Florida rural prison. He constantly defies the authorities of the facility, becoming a leader among the prisoners, as well as escaping multiple times. While the script was being developed, the

title: Cool Hand Luke (band)

text: Cool Hand Luke (band) Cool Hand Luke is a Christian band variously classified as alternative rock, progressive pop, indie, and emo and signed to Lujo Records on March 16, 2008. Cool Hand Luke was formed by Brandon Morgan and Jason Hammil in 1998 while attending Middle Tennessee State University. The band's early music had a punk rock influence, although the range and scope of Cool Hand Luke's sound changed quickly after Mark Nicks joined the band. With Nicks on drums and lead vocals, Cool Hand Luke became known for playing with their backs to the crowd, lengthy, emotively expressive songs,

title: Cool Hand Luke

long_answer: Decorated war veteran Lucas "Luke" Jackson (Paul Newman), is arrested for cutting parking meters off their poles one drunken night. He is sentenced to two years in prison and sent to a Florida chain gang prison run by a stern warden, the Captain (Strother Martin), and a stoic rifleman, Walking Boss Godfrey (Morgan Woodward), whose eyes are always covered by a pair of mirrored sunglasses. Carr (Clifton James) the floorwalker, tells the rules to the new set of prisoners, with any violations resulting in spending the night in "the box," a small square room with limited air and very little room to move.


question: what is the third book in the lunar chronicles

answers: Cress

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: The Lunar Chronicles The Lunar Chronicles is a series of young adult fantasy novels written by American author Marissa Meyer. Each book entails a new take on an old fairy tale, including Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Rapunzel and Snow White. The story takes place in a futuristic world where earthens, cyborgs, androids, and a race of moon colonists all coexist. "Cinder" is the first book in "The Lunar Chronicles" and second chronologically. It was published on January 3, 2012. Linh Cinder (based on Cinderella), a cyborg living with her step mother and her two stepsisters, works as a mechanic

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: in the world of "The Lunar Chronicles". Set after the events of the "Lunar Chronicles" but before the "Stars Above" epilogue, it features many of the same characters, with Iko as the main protagonist. The first book, "Wires and Nerve, Volume 1", illustrated by Douglas Holgate, was released on January 31, 2017. The second book, "Wires and Nerve, Volume 2", illustrated by Stephen Gilpin, was released on January 30, 2018. The Lunar Chronicles The Lunar Chronicles is a series of young adult fantasy novels written by American author Marissa Meyer. Each book entails a new take on an old fairy

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: must do everything they can to prevent a royal wedding from putting Earth into Queen Levana's hands. And all the while, the plague has begun to mutate and even the Lunars are not safe. "Fairest" is the fourth book in "The Lunar Chronicles" and first chronologically. It was published on January 27, 2015. Fairest is a prequel to the other books in the series, telling the backstory and past of Queen Levana (based on the Evil Queen from Snow White). "Fairest" begins when Levana is around 15 years old and covers about ten years of her life, ending about a

title: The Lunar Trilogy

text: The Lunar Trilogy Trylogia Księżycowa ("The Lunar Trilogy" or "The Moon Trilogy") is a trilogy of science fiction novels by the Polish writer Jerzy Żuławski, written between 1901 and 1911. It has been translated into Russian, Czech, German and Hungarian, and has been reprinted several times in Poland. They are his best-known works. The first volume, "Na Srebrnym Globie" ("On the Silver Globe"; first book edition: Lwów, 1903) describes, in the form of a diary, the story of a marooned expedition of Earth astronauts who find themselves stranded on the Moon and found a colony. After several generations, they lose

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: Cress is the third book in The Lunar Chronicles and fourth chronologically.  It was published on February 4, 2014.

title: Dragon Moon

text: Dragon Moon Dragon Moon is a children's fantasy novel by Carole Wilkinson, first published in 2007. It is the third book of the Dragonkeeper series. The books before it are "Dragonkeeper" and "Garden of the Purple Dragon". It is followed by "Blood Brothers", "Shadow Sisters" and "Bronze Bird Tower" The trilogy, based in ancient China, during the Han Dynasty, has won many awards. "Dragon Moon" continues the story of the Dragonkeeper Ping, as she tries to fulfill her first dragon's wishes to care for his son, Kai, and take him to the Dragon Haven, where he can be raised by

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: is Queen Levana's stepdaughter. She has lived on Luna in the palace and has been raised by her stepmother. She has seen how Levana's use of glamour has turned her into a heartless tyrant. Winter decided to never use her gift, so she has not used her Lunar "glamour" since she was twelve. A side effect of not using glamour causes loss of sanity for Lunars and Winter is afflicted with bad hallucinations. As the book goes on, her mental state starts to slowly deteriorate. Winter's only source of comfort from the hallucinations is her guard, childhood friend and crush,

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: decade before "Cinder" is set. Levana has grown up in a poisonous household and has a cruel older sister who has been mentally and physically abusive to her throughout her entire life. After her parents are murdered by a Lunar assassin (a Shell), Levana's sister, Channary, is set to become queen. Channary's reign is short-lived, and with Channary's ascension, Levana begins an unexpected downward spiral to becoming heartless when it comes to anything but her people. "Winter" is the fifth book in "The Lunar Chronicles" and fifth chronologically. It was published on November 10, 2015. Winter (based on Snow White)

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: was published on February 3, 2013. Scarlet Benoit (based on Little Red Riding Hood) is the granddaughter of Michelle Benoit, a farmer and former military pilot who has suddenly disappeared. On Scarlet's journey to find her grandmother, she works hesitantly with a street fighter named Wolf. Unfortunately, as Scarlet's trust for Wolf grows, his old lunar gang puts them in unusual circumstances, testing Wolf's loyalties. Deeper connections surface as the gang's malicious intent is finally exposed. Simultaneously, Cinder joins forces with the convict, Carswell Thorne. As the search continues, Scarlet meets Cinder and becomes an ally in her plan to

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: been raging for far too long. "Stars Above" is a collection of short stories set in "The Lunar Chronicles" universe. It was published on February 2, 2016. It includes five novellas previously released individually and four originals: The series is the retelling of old fairytales where the female protagonists were themselves the passive participants. Due to the portrayal of strong female characters as an alternate to the conventional fairytale characters throughout its four books, this series is now considered as a part of the Feminist literature. "Wires and Nerves" is a graphic novel sequel series written by Meyer also based

title: Lunar: The Silver Star

text: Alex embark on their first real adventure, with Alex's adopted sister Luna and their talking flying pet Nall, to the mysterious Dragon's Cave in search of a valuable diamond. Making their way through the cavern, the group meets Quark, an aged dragon who senses great potential in Alex, and urges him to complete the trials of other dragons to become the next Dragonmaster, champion of the Goddess Althena, and protector of the world. Quark shows an interest in Luna as well, remarking that she has a familiar aura about her. Obtaining the diamond from Quark, Ramus finds he cannot sell

title: Lunar: The Silver Star

text: becoming rich. Alex and Nash depart for the city of Vane where they meet Mia, daughter of the city's ruler and Nash's love interest, who informs them of Ghaleon, head of the guild and former great hero who fought with Dyne years ago. Seemingly intrigued by Alex's quest, Ghaleon sends Alex on a mission to investigate the appearance of a false Dragonmaster in a faraway town. Upon arrival, Alex meets Jessica, daughter of Mel and aspiring priestess, who helps him locate the imposter before returning to Vane. Pleased with his success, Ghaleon accompanies Alex back to his hometown to meet

title: The Lunar Chronicles

text: in a booth at the market place, where she meets Prince Kai, who requests that she fix his personal android. After Cinder's stepsister, Peony, comes into contact with the plague, Cinder is forcibly volunteered for cure testing. As a result, many previously unknown things regarding Cinder's origins surface. At the same time, tensions between Earth and Luna, a lunar colony where most of the citizens have special abilities, are rising with Prince Kai caught in the middle of that and his and Cinder's ever unusual love story. "Scarlet" is the second book in "The Lunar Chronicles" and third chronologically. It

title: Dragonkeeper

text: Palace Dragonkeeper Dragonkeeper is a children's fantasy novel written by Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is the first book of the Dragonkeeper series, which consists of four books. The second book is called Garden of the Purple Dragon, the third book is Dragon Moon, and the last book is Blood Brothers. There is also a prequel to the original Dragonkeeper novel known as Dragon Dawn. The novel is set in ancient China. Ping is a slave girl for the evil master Lan, and saves the life of an aging dragon and escapes her brutal master. Pursued by a ruthless dragon

title: Scarlet (novel)

text: Finally, Emperor Kai agrees to marry Queen Levana in order to stop the attacks against Earth. Scarlet (novel) Scarlet is a 2013 young adult science fiction novel written by American author Marissa Meyer and published by Macmillan Publishers through their subsidiary Feiwel & Friends. It is the second novel in "The Lunar Chronicles" series and the sequel to "Cinder". The story is loosely based on the fairy tale of "Little Red Riding Hood", similar to "Cinder", which was loosely based on "Cinderella". Scarlet Benoit is a young girl living on her grandmother's farm in Rieux, France. Her grandmother has gone

title: Lunar: The Silver Star

text: Alex to Vane, also under siege, and assists Nash and Mia with a similar invasion before they too join the group. Realizing they must make Alex a Dragonmaster to confront Ghaleon and save Luna, the team heads to the border town of Nanza to enlist Kyle, Jessica's boyfriend, in letting them cross into foreign land. After traveling to a town of inventors, the group obtains a floating device that leads them to the lair of the Red Dragon, who is seemingly destroyed by Ghaleon just before they arrive. The dragon's spirit grants Alex her power before disappearing, and the group

title: Lunar: Dragon Song

text: who seeks to covet the power of the Goddess for himself. "Lunar: Dragon Song" is the first game in the series to not have Toshiyuki Kubooka as lead character designer, but rather as a design supervisor who made final decisions on each character's appearance and maintain a "distinct Lunar feel". The game takes place 1000 years before "", making it the first game chronologically. The game opens with an explanation of the Lunar lore and how the Goddess Althena created a habitable place out of a barren wasteland and sent four powerful dragons to protect it. During the time of

title: Garden of the Purple Dragon

text: Garden of the Purple Dragon Garden of the Purple Dragon is a children's fantasy novel by Carole Wilkinson(who is the best author!), published in September 2005 by Macmillan Publishers. It is the second in the Dragonkeeper series and the predecessor to "Dragon Moon". It is set in ancient China, during the Han Dynasty, and continues the story of Ping, slave girl turned dragonkeeper. Ping is living on the top of Tai Shan mountain trying to raise Kai, Danzi's son. Ping learns that Kai can shape-change and turns into firstly a soup ladle. They are living happily until one day, their

title: Dragonkeeper

text: Dragonkeeper Dragonkeeper is a children's fantasy novel written by Australian author Carole Wilkinson. It is the first book of the Dragonkeeper series, which consists of four books. The second book is called Garden of the Purple Dragon, the third book is Dragon Moon, and the last book is Blood Brothers. There is also a prequel to the original Dragonkeeper novel known as Dragon Dawn. The novel is set in ancient China. Ping is a slave girl for the evil master Lan, and saves the life of an aging dragon and escapes her brutal master. Pursued by a ruthless dragon hunter,

title: Tablet of Destinies (book)

text: Tablet of Destinies (book) Tablet of Destinies is a fantasy novel by Traci Harding. It is the second installment of a trilogy known as The Celestial Triad. The story follows a 20th-century Australian woman who is transported to 5th century Wales in an attempt to change the future. Major themes within the book include time travel, martial arts, magic and psychic phenomenon. The second book in The Celestial Triad takes Tory and Maelgwyn into the realms of the Devachan, the Fourth Dimension. They and their clan have had many peaceful years on the planet of Kila until Tory's new twin

title: Lunar: Silver Star Story Complete

text: port town of Meribia, Ramus leaves the group to become a salesman at his own shop, while the rest of the team travels to the floating city of Vane to meet Ghaleon, a former adventurer who traveled with Dyne before his death. Ghaleon sends Alex and Luna on a quest to stop a false Dragonmaster from harassing a village where he meets Jessica, a priestess and daughter of the legendary hero "Hell" Mel. Returning to Vane, Ghaleon tells Alex he wants to see Quark to discuss his future as Dragonmaster, with Luna joining them on a return trip to Burg.

title: The Guardian Cycle

text: four moons—the White Moon, the Red Moon, the Amber Moon, and the Dark Moon. These heavenly bodies' phases and pulls govern the lives of all Nydus' people, particularly the lives of those living in the Floating Islands. Strange happenstances in recent times, mysterious and ancient prophecies, and magic constantly misused are also themes across the world and through all five books. Adina, wife of the ailing Emperor Dheran, gives birth during an eclipse, at exactly the point in time predicted in the Tindaya Code—the ancient, ambiguous and oft-mistranslated prophecy written on the ruins of the temple at the mountain of

title: Cinder (novel)

text: dies of the plague, resulting in the prince becoming Emperor of the Eastern Commonwealth. There is pressure to create an alliance between the Earth countries and the Moon country, Luna, led by Queen Levana. The Lunars have the ability to manipulate the bioelectricity of people around them and make them see what they want them to see and even control their thoughts and actions. The proposed alliance is through Emperor Kai marrying Queen Levana, however, Emperor Kai wants to thwart this plan by finding someone else to marry first. He is also searching for information regarding the rightful Lunar heir,

title: Luna: New Moon

text: September 2015, and in hardcover by Tor in the US on 22 September 2015. It is the first volume of a planned trilogy. A sequel, "", was released in March 2017. McDonald previously published the prequel novelette "The Fifth Dragon", featuring a young Adriana Corta, in the 2014 anthology "Reach for Infinity". The short work was made available for free at "Tor.com" on 1 September 2015. McDonald said of "Luna" in August 2014, "It's also developing in parallel as a TV project with a company I’ve worked with before. There’s a gap in the market for an SF series that

title: Lunar Park

text: an epigraph from Hamlet 1.v.98. This connects with the theme of haunting by a father as well as the names in the book (e.g. Elsinore, Osric, Fortinbras). The novel was nominated for a World Fantasy Award in the Best Novel category in 2004. Lunar Park Lunar Park is a mock memoir by American writer Bret Easton Ellis. It was released by Knopf in 2005. It was the first book written by Ellis to use past tense narrative. The title bears no relation to the public amusement locations known as Luna Park. The novel begins with an inflated and parodic but

title: The Hunter's Moon (novel)

text: The Hunter's Moon (novel) The Hunter's Moon is a fantasy novel by O.R. Melling about two teenage cousins, one Irish, the other Canadian, that set out to find a magic doorway to the Faraway Country, where humans must bow to the little people. It was published in 1993 by Amulet Books and is the first book in the Chronicles of Faerie, with the second being "The Summer King", the third being "The Light-Bearer's Daughter", and the fourth and final being "The Book of Dreams". It was awarded the Ruth Schwartz Children’s Book Award in 1994. Gwen, a Canadian, is visiting

title: Lunar: Silver Star Story Complete

text: quest. Each character's personalities were expanded for the new version to make them easier for the player to relate to, and give each of them more presence in the game's story. As the game’s designers felt that Luna was lacking presence in the original game, she was included in the player's party for a longer period and her past was expanded by giving her confounding dream sequences. Ghaleon, a dark magician who seeks godhood, serves as the primary antagonist, and initially appears as an ally to Alex's cause. In the new version, Ghaleon's personality is altered to make him a

title: The MoonQuest

text: The MoonQuest The MoonQuest: The Q'ntana Trilogy, Book I is a 2008 fantasy novel by Mark David Gerson. The novel presents a mythical world where storytelling has been banned and storytellers, or bards, have been put to death. The legend in the land has it that the moon (known as M'nor) was so saddened by the silence in the land (Q'ntana) that she cried tears that have extinguished her light. Thus, the "quest" in the story is to return storytelling to the land and, in so doing, bring back light to the moon. The main character, Toshar, is a young

title: Lunar: The Silver Star

text: Goddess Althena and who is under the Magic Emperor's control. After obtaining Althena's Sword and learning the truth about Luna, the party attacks the Grindery and defeats both Xenobia and the Magic Emperor. Knowing what he must do to bring Luna back, Alex climbs the path to Luna, who, as Althena, continuously blasts him with lightning; he plays his harp as he advances, and hearing their song allows Luna's personality to return. She awakens in Alex's arms, surrounded by their friends. "Lunar: The Silver Star" was developed by Game Arts in an attempt to create a role-playing game that would

title: Lunar: The Silver Star

text: it in Burg, and must travel to the major trade city of Meribia to claim his fortune. The group then makes their way to Saith, a small port town to the south, where Luna leaves the group to stay with Alex's family. Across the ocean, Alex, Nall, and Ramus enter Meribia, where they meet one of the legendary Four Heroes, Mel. Attempting to sell his diamond, Ramus is swindled by a jewel dealer who flees into the sewers. After reclaiming it, Ramus slyly bargains the owner's life for his entire shop, and leaves the group to pursue his dream of

title: The Lunar Chronicles


question: how many seasons of rules of engagement is there

answers: 7

answers: seven

title: Rules of Engagement (season 6)

text: Rules of Engagement (season 6) The sixth season of the American television comedy series "Rules of Engagement" initially received a 24-episode order and was set to debut on Saturday, October 15, 2011, but relocated to Thursdays due to the low ratings developing from "How to Be a Gentleman". After CBS announced the two comedies would swap timeslots, they set the Season 6 debut as October 20, 2011 at 8:30 PM. Effective January 12, 2012, CBS removed "Rules of Engagement" from its Thursday lineup, replacing it with the new sitcom "Rob" starring Rob Schneider. CBS announced that "Rules" would return to

title: Rules of Engagement (season 6)

text: its Thursday 8:30 PM time slot at a later date. After "Rob"'s run of its initial eight episode order, "Rules" returned March 29 for eight weeks of new episodes. Thus, the sixth season was cut from 24 episodes to 15. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Rules of Engagement (season 6) The sixth season of the American television comedy series "Rules of Engagement" initially received a 24-episode order and was set to debut on Saturday, October 15, 2011, but relocated to Thursdays due to the low ratings developing from "How to Be a Gentleman". After CBS announced the two comedies would swap timeslots, they

title: Rules of Engagement (TV series)

text: show. The series was renewed for a second season, which began as a mid-season replacement for "The New Adventures of Old Christine" on Monday, September 24, 2007, with production halted after nine episodes on November 6, 2007, in the wake of a writers' strike. After the strike ended, CBS announced that the show would return April 14, 2008, with a further six episodes. Seasons three and four were both mid-season entries launched in March 2009 and March 2010. On May 18, 2010, it was announced that CBS had renewed "Rules of Engagement" for a 5th season. It was later announced

title: Rules of Engagement (TV series)

text: in conjunction with CBS Home Entertainment, began releasing the series on DVD internationally in 2011. Season One was released in the UK (Region 2 DVD) on April 4, 2011. In region 4, the entire series has been released, as individual season sets. Note: Following the events of Charlie Sheen’s departure from "Two and a Half Men", CBS ordered an additional two episodes for "Rules of Engagement"’s fifth season, bringing the total number of episodes to 26 from the initial 24 ordered. Despite the episodes, "Scavenger Hunt" and "Cheating," airing during the sixth season, they were originally produced for the fifth

title: Rules of Engagement (TV series)

text: The show received negative reviews throughout its run. Despite this, it always earned reasonably good ratings, helping the show reach 100 episodes (typically the minimum for syndication) over seven seasons.

text: Rules of Engagement (Elizabeth Moon novel) Rules of Engagement is a science fiction novel written by Elizabeth Moon. It is the fifth in her Familias Regnant fictional universe. Following "Once a Hero", it is the second novel in the informal Esmay Suiza trilogy; despite a major increase in focus on the character Brun Meager, Esmay Suiza still plays a major role. At the end of "Once a Hero", Esmay decided to pursue higher rank and command. Pursuant to this, she has transferred to a Fleet training base on the Fleet-owned planet Copper Mountain. Coincidentally, this is the same base that

text: smearing the Federation. Despite having no civilian deaths on his conscience, Captain Sisko still has criticisms of mistakes Worf had made but he tells the Klingon that he will make a fine captain some day. Rules of Engagement (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) "Rules of Engagement" is the 90th episode of the science fiction television series "", the 18th episode of the . It was directed by LeVar Burton, guest starring Ron Canada as a visiting Klingon prosecutor. The episode features special effect sequences with the USS Defiant and the Klingon Bird of Prey spaceships. Lt. Cdr. Worf faces an

title: Rules of Engagement (Star Trek novel)

text: Rules of Engagement (Star Trek novel) Rules of Engagement is a "" novel written by Peter Morwood and published by Pocket Books in 1990. James T. Kirk is sent to assist in the evacuation of Federation personnel from the crisis-wracked planet of Dekkanar. He is ordered to only participate in the evacuation, not to even raise shields or fire weapons. The situation becomes complicated when Captain Kasak takes an experimental Klingon warship to the planet as well The novel also offers an alternate explanation, via Kasak's viewpoint, of why Klingons' facial features have changed over the years. The novel entered

title: Rules of engagement

text: of engagement documents, many others do not. There are two primary international rules of engagement manuals that are internationally available: NATO "ROE Manual MC 362-1" (restricted to NATO and Partnership for Peace countries); and the "San Remo Rules of Engagement Handbook", which is freely available to all on the International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL) website. Created for the IIHL by Commander Alan Cole, Major Phillip Drew, Captain Rob McLaughlin and Professor Dennis Mandsager, the "San Remo ROE Handbook" has been translated from its English original into French, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, Hungarian, Russian, Bosnian, and Thai and several other languages.

title: Rules of engagement

text: Several countries have used the San Remo handbook as a model for creating their own ROE systems. The International Institute of Humanitarian Law in San Remo, Italy conducts rules of engagement training course at least once per year, usually in September. Taught by some of the world's foremost authorities on ROE, the course attracts students from around the globe. Similar training by the San Remo ROE drafting team is conducted for the United Nations, staff colleges and other organizations as requested. All rules of engagement created for use in armed conflict and in the "jus ad bellum" must comply with

text: Rules of Engagement (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) "Rules of Engagement" is the 90th episode of the science fiction television series "", the 18th episode of the . It was directed by LeVar Burton, guest starring Ron Canada as a visiting Klingon prosecutor. The episode features special effect sequences with the USS Defiant and the Klingon Bird of Prey spaceships. Lt. Cdr. Worf faces an extradition hearing in which the Klingon Empire seeks to have him tried in Klingon court, charged with destroying a civilian transport. This episode achieved a Nielsen rating of 5.8 points. Worf commands the "Defiant" on

text: now being raised as God wants, and plan to use their stolen nuclear bombs to kill them all. With some effective help from the marines and theft of the arming keys, the threat is defused and many civilian lives saved. Esmay, Barin, and Brun are all reconciled, with the sole remaining threat being the enthusiastic media coverage. Rules of Engagement (Elizabeth Moon novel) Rules of Engagement is a science fiction novel written by Elizabeth Moon. It is the fifth in her Familias Regnant fictional universe. Following "Once a Hero", it is the second novel in the informal Esmay Suiza trilogy;

title: Rules of engagement

text: Rules of engagement Rules of engagement (ROE) are the internal rules or directives among military forces (including individuals) that define the circumstances, conditions, degree, and manner in which the use of force, or actions which might be construed as provocative, may be applied. They provide authorization for and/or limits on, among other things, the use of force and the employment of certain specific capabilities. In some nations, ROE has the status of guidance to military forces, while in other nations, ROE is lawful commands. Rules of engagement do not normally dictate how a result is to be achieved, but will

title: Rules of Engagement (film)

text: thereby saves the life of the wounded Lieutenant Hayes Hodges (Tommy Lee Jones), though many of Hodges' men die in the battle. In 1996, now a colonel, Hodges is about to retire from the Marine Corps and is reminiscing about his years in uniform. As a result of wounds he sustained during Operation Kingfisher, he was no longer able to continue serving as an infantry officer, so the Marine Corps sent him to law school and he continued his career as a JAG officer. He subsequently enters the Camp Lejeune Officers Club, where numerous Marine officers wait to honor his

text: Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Battle of the Seasons Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Battle of the Seasons is the fifth season of the MTV reality game show, "The Challenge" (at the time known as "Real World/Road Rules Challenge"). The season is directly subsequent to "Extreme Challenge". "Battle of the Seasons" premiered in early 2002 and took place in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. In each episode, the cast competed in a challenge, and the top three "Real World" and top three "Road Rules" teams would become the "Inner Circle" and have the power to vote off teams. The "Inner Circle" was determined

text: father to participate in the field exercise which is the culmination of the Escape & Evasion course because of the scope it offers would-be assassins - already two attempts had taken place, one of which put Brun in the base hospital for a month. Brun storms down to Esmay's quarters to harangue her, accusing Esmay of not wanting to do the field exercise with her and getting her forbidden; Esmay is more than willing to reciprocate as she has learned of Brun's attempts to woo Barin away from Esmay. Brun is cut to the quick by some of the truths

text: female in the succession of the Landbride, so she inherits the title and the assets like the land. The Fleet gladly grants her leave, and her stay on Altiplano lasts just long enough for her cousin Luci to knock some sense into Esmay's head and convince her to return to Fleet and try to reconcile with Barin. She succeeds and planning for the rescue of Brun slowly proceeds; it will be timed for when Brun's twins are almost finished nursing and the time for Brun to be impregnated draws near. Presumably she will be at her best in this period.

title: LearnedLeague

text: of an upper one. The top players in each league compete annually at the Trivia Championships of North America in Las Vegas for the title of LearnedLeague Champion. Each calendar year is divided up into four seasons. Each season includes 25 match days—essentially one per U.S. business day. Players are paired up against each other each day during the season and compete in a six-question trivia match. Each player attempts to answer as many questions correctly as possible ("offense") and assigns point values to each question ("defense"). Players must assign one question a value of 3 points, two questions values

title: Comedytime Saturday

text: the first time in several years), the block instead became an hour for airing two in-season or previous season reruns of CBS sitcoms from the network's Monday and Thursday night lineups. The first half-hour of the block was originally to comprise first-run episodes of "Rules of Engagement", which would have moved from the Thursday time slot it held at the end of the 2010-11 television season, mainly to allow that program to build up enough episodes for syndication. (By doing so, "Rules" was to have become the first scripted first-run series to air on a broadcast network on Saturday night,

text: Engage Mutual Charity Man of the Match Award The Engage Mutual Charity Man of the Match Award was a scheme by which players judged man-of-the-match for games of the 2011 Super League season nominated charities to whom donations were made. The Super League is Europe's top level professional rugby league club competition in Europe. The 2011 Super League season (known as the Engage Super League XVI for sponsorship reasons) was the sixteenth season of rugby league football since the European Super League format was introduced in 1996. In 2011 the league had fourteen teams: thirteen from England and one from

title: Rules of Engagement (film)

text: in the Middle East, placing all the blame for the incident onto Childers. Childers subsequently approaches Hodges and asks him to be his defense attorney at the upcoming court-martial. Hodges is reluctant to accept, knowing that his record as a JAG officer is less than impressive and Childers needs a better lawyer. But Childers is adamant because he wants an attorney who has served in combat. With little time to prepare a defense, Hodges visits Yemen, only to find an uncooperative government and firsthand account of the serious injuries the crowd members endured. Most of the evidence is stacked against

title: Forget The Rules

text: Forget The Rules Forget the Rules was an Australian short form episodic comedy-drama, which ran for two seasons from 2005 to 2007. It was the first scripted drama in the world to simultaneously broadcast over broadband, mobile phones and television. It employed the push model of crossmedia, and was one of the more successful models of an often failed interactive format that included audience input into the script and submitting visual elements as part of a tight weekly production cycle. It was conceived and piloted in Australia during 2004. In Canada, Season 1 has been broadcast on Movieola. Season 1

text: an escort mission to guard Cardassian vessels. While under attack from Klingon raiders, a vessel de-cloaks in front of the "Defiant". Expecting the vessel to be a Klingon war ship, Worf orders it fired upon immediately without visual confirmation. However, the destroyed ship turns out to be a Klingon civilian transport, and the Klingon Empire wants Worf tried in their court. Admiral T'Lara presides over Worf's extradition hearing aboard the station where one by one, Worf's friends and acquaintances are forced to testify, either bolstering Worf's defense or damaging it. For example, the combat experienced Chief O'Brien confesses he would

title: The Engagement (Seinfeld)

text: show." This episode "illustrates how to approach marriage with the most inappropriate partner, solely for the purpose of personal reinforcement." "Vanity Fair" put "The Engagement" at #106 in a ranking of all 180 episodes. The Engagement (Seinfeld) "The Engagement" is the seventh-season opener (along with the 111th overall episode) of the NBC sitcom "Seinfeld". It aired on September 21, 1995. George breaks up with a woman after she beats him in a game of chess. When he tells Jerry about it at Monk's, they both realize that they have done nothing with their lives and decide they are going to

title: Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 2)

text: our challenges last year was to produce 22 episodes that aired over, what, 40 weeks? 36 weeks? Something like that. And the age of re-runs is dead. Re-runs are death, and so you're trying to commit to the habit of the show and [viewers] tune in to something else or a re-run and they'll get pissed off. They'll go away. What this allows us to do is minimize repeats. We're showing ten episodes, and there has to be a gap or two because it's physically impossible to produce ten shows and get through post production in time, we can't do

title: Ice hockey in Ottawa

text: some exercise and spend time with friends therefore they encourage safe play and mutual respect between players and referees. The majority of leagues will run two season, running leagues in the summer and winter. The summer seasons run between late Spring until mid Summer for an approximate total of 14 games. The winter seasons run between late August until mid April for a minimum of 24 games. In addition to the season games, playoffs are held at the end of the regular season and the amount of games played are based on elimination and the amount of games played will

title: Waco: The Rules of Engagement

text: at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1997. In that year it won a News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Investigative Journalism and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Because of a falling out between Michael McNulty and Dan and Amy Gifford, different cuts of this documentary have been produced. The version available today on video is a 135-minute cut. Michael McNulty would go on to make "" released in 1999 and "The F.L.I.R. Project" released in 2001. Waco: The Rules of Engagement Waco: The Rules of Engagement is a 1997 documentary directed by William

text: and was attended by the contestants who were in the Inner Circle until the season finale. The special was hosted by Lindsay Brien from "" and Mark Long from "". Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Battle of the Seasons Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Battle of the Seasons is the fifth season of the MTV reality game show, "The Challenge" (at the time known as "Real World/Road Rules Challenge"). The season is directly subsequent to "Extreme Challenge". "Battle of the Seasons" premiered in early 2002 and took place in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. In each episode, the cast competed in a challenge,

title: Season (sports)

text: club football competitions now feature a knockout stage. The off-season, vacation time, or close season is the time of year when there is no official competition. Although upper management continues to work, the athletes will take much vacation time off. Also, various events such as drafts, transfers and important off-season free agent signings occur. Generally, most athletes stay in shape during the off-season in preparation for the next season. Certain new rules in the league may be made during this time, and will become enforced during the next regular season. As most countries which have a league in a particular

title: House Rules (season 5)

text: unlike previous seasons where the winners are decided by a combination of the judges score and the viewers vote. This season of House Rules introduced six new teams. All teams are from different states in Australia. The six teams travel around the country to completely renovate each other's home. Every week, one team hands over their house to their opponents for a complete interior transformation. A set of rules from the owners are given to the teams known as the 'House rules' which need to be followed to gain high scores from the judges and the homeowner team. The top

title: Rules of Engagement (TV series)


question: where can i get a state issued id

answers: each state's DMV

answers: DMV

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: purpose with the federal government, meaning they will not be accepted for entering federal buildings or boarding airplanes. For a state to meet Real ID compliance, licenses and ID cards issued from that state must be approved by DHS in meeting Real ID requirements. States can choose to issue both regular licenses and ID cards as well as Real IDs, but any non-Real ID must be marked "Not for Federal Identification". Real IDs are valid for 8 years. Real IDs are allowed to be issued only to legal immigrants and citizens of the United States. When a person applies for

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: be identified several different ways depending on the state. It is a gold or black star design located on the top right third of the ID. As of October 2011, Connecticut also issues them. Starting in January 2013, Ohio is issuing RealIDs under the name "Safe ID". California started issuing RealIDs on January 22, 2018. Additionally, some states, mostly those with an international border, issue enhanced driver's licenses and enhanced ID cards. Enhanced licenses combine a regular driver's license with the specifications of the new federal passport card. Thus, in addition to providing driving privileges, the enhanced license also is

title: PASS ID

text: PASS ID PASS ID is a proposed U.S. law intended to replace REAL ID. Like REAL ID, it implements federal standards for state identification documents. Currently, states are not obligated to follow the standards, but if PASS ID takes full effect, federal agencies will only accept identification from states that materially comply with the law. Citizens from non-compliant states would need to provide federally issued documents such as a social security card or U.S. passport in order to enter federally owned buildings. PASS ID would eliminate REAL ID requirements that are considered excessive, such as the obligation to verify birth

title: Driver's license

text: ID but do not enable a person to operate a motor vehicle, a fact typically noted on the ID via the phrase 'Not a driver's license' or similar wording. This type of photo ID is referred to as a Photo card in some jurisdictions (for example, Ontario Photo Card). Government-issued ID cards are also issued to out-of-state residents e.g. college students enrolled in an institution of higher education outside their state of residence e.g. a domiciled Texas resident enrolled at UCLA where the individual retains their Texas driver license and holds a California state issued ID card (as mentioned above

title: Identity documents in the United States

text: A driver's license is issued by each state's DMV, which is required to drive. Each state's DMV also issues a nearly-identical "non-driver identification card" to identify persons who are unable or do not want to drive, which is typically treated like a driver's license for all purposes, except for proving that a person has the right to drive.

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: a Real ID, either as a new driver license or ID card applicant or renewing a current license or ID card, they must present a citizenship document (US passport, certified birth certificate or citizenship certificate) or proof of legal immigrant status, proof of a Social Security number if they have been issued one, proof of any name changes if using birth certificate, and two proofs of residency in the state. The state then must verify the documents and store them either electronically or on paper. No one may have more than one Real ID at one time. A RealID can

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: photo licenses were required for voting identification. All people with valid non-photo licenses will be allowed to get a photo license when their current license expires. Thirteen states allow the option of a non-photo driver's license for reasons of religious belief: Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Washington, and Wisconsin. Later additions varied from state to state, and have included fingerprints, bar codes, magnetic strips, social security numbers, and tamper-proof features, most of which were added to prevent identity theft and to curb the use of fake IDs. States have now slowly been

title: Real ID Act

text: in the law for interstate access to state license and ID data has not been included in the DHS criteria for certification of state compliance or progress toward compliance. The only system available with the capability to satisfy the Real ID Act requirements for database access is the "State to State" (S2S) system developed by the AAMVA and Clerus Solutions under contract with state motor vehicle licensing agencies ultimately funded by federal grants. A component of S2S is State Pointer Exchange Services (SPEXS), a central national database of "pointer" information about all Real ID compliant licenses and state ID cards.

title: Real ID Act

text: legal presence in March 2012. Hawaii's updated driver's licenses and non-driver ID cards were deemed fully compliant by the Department of Homeland Security in September 2013. On November 12, 2014, Nevada began offering Real ID compliant driver's licenses to residents. Nevadans have a choice of a Real ID compliant card or a standard card with the heading "Not for Federal Official Use". On April 14, 2015, Arizona governor Doug Ducey signed a bill allowing the state to begin the process of making Arizona driver's licenses Real ID compliant. Work on creating the driver's licenses has already begun, however the Arizona

title: Transportation Security Administration

text: from accepting licenses and identification cards for official purposes from states that do not meet these standards. Beginning January 22, 2018, driver's licenses or state IDs issued by states that are not in compliance with the REAL ID Act and have not been granted an extension by DHS may not be used to fly within the U.S. Beginning October 1, 2020, every traveler will need a REAL ID-compliant license or state ID or another acceptable form of identification to fly within the U.S. Common criticisms of the agency have also included assertions that TSA employees slept on the job, bypassed

title: Shelby County v. Holder

text: the law, Texas voters must show a photo ID to vote. While there are some exemptions, such as for voters with disabilities, most are required to produce a Texas driver’s license or state ID card. Other forms of acceptable ID include concealed handgun licenses, military ID, U.S. citizenship papers with photo and a U.S. passport. If the voter does not possess one of the forms of acceptable photo ID and cannot reasonably obtain one, the voter may present one of the following, after which he or she must execute a Reasonable Impediment Declaration: a copy or original of... a government

title: Real ID Act

text: stating that starting January 22, 2018 "passengers with a driver's license issued by a state that is still not compliant with the REAL ID Act (and has not been granted an extension) will need to show an alternative form of acceptable identification for domestic air travel to board their flight". Starting October 1, 2020 "every air traveler will need a REAL ID-compliant license, or another acceptable form of identification, for domestic air travel." , 40 states and territories have been certified as compliant, and 16 have been granted extensions. The Real ID Act started off as , which passed the

title: Real ID Act

text: the need to renew one's driver's license. Although the new law does allow states to offer "not for federal ID" licenses in these cases, and that some states (e.g., Utah and Tennessee) have already started issuing such "driving privileges certificates/cards" in lieu of regular driver's licenses, allowing such applicants to be tested and licensed to drive and obtain liability insurance, the majority of U.S. states do not plan to offer "not for federal ID" licenses. In October 2007, then-governor of New York Eliot Spitzer announced that the state will adopt a similar "multi-tiered" licensing scheme in which the state will

title: Real ID Act

text: an extension of the May 11, 2008, implementation deadline, that deadline will apply: after May 11, 2008, driver's licenses issued by such states will not be accepted for federal purposes. The Department of Homeland Security has announced at the end of 2013 that the TSA will accept state identification cards for commercial flights at least until 2016. After the final implementation deadline, some non-Real-ID–compliant licenses will continue to be accepted for federal purposes, provided DHS judges that the state which issued such a license is in full compliance with the Real ID Act by the final implementation deadline. However, in

title: Voter ID laws in Pennsylvania

text: but one can vote if they are on parole or probation. To be eligible to vote, one must complete registration a minimum of 30 days prior to the election. Currently in Pennsylvania, no identification is required if it is not one’s first time voting, and they should not be asked to provide any form of identification. If it is one’s first time voting, or voting in a particular district, they will be required to show some form of identification. Acceptable forms of identification include: driver’s license; US passport; military, student, or employee ID; voter registration card; firearm permit; current utility

title: Real ID Act

text: "notification period" during which noncompliant IDs will continue to be accepted: In the United States, driver's licenses are issued by the states, not by the federal government. Additionally, because the United States has no national identification card and because of the widespread use of cars, driver's licenses have been used as a "de facto" standard form of identification within the country. For non-drivers, states also issue voluntary identification cards which do not grant driving privileges. Prior to the Real ID Act, each state set its own rules and criteria regarding the issuance of a driver's license or identification card, including

title: Voter Identification laws

text: Voter Identification laws A voter ID law is a law that requires a person to show some form of identification on election day. In many jurisdictions requiring voter IDs (such as New Hampshire), voters who do not have photo ID often must sign a Challenged Voter Affidavit in order to receive a ballot to vote. Because of perceptions of a differing means to obtain identification on the basis of socioeconomic status, age, or race, some people consider these laws as controversial. In Argentina voting is compulsory for all citizens between 18 and 70 years old, non-compulsory for those older than

title: Driver's licenses in the United States

text: converting to digitized driver's licenses, which incorporate holograms and bar codes to prevent forgery. Many states, usually through the same agency that issues driver's licenses, provide identification cards for people who do not drive. The Department of Homeland Security has the power through the Real ID Act of 2005 to set standards relating to identification of applicants and license design for state-issued driver licenses and identification cards. States are not required to comply with Real ID, but if a state does not comply, any driver licenses or ID cards issued by that state will not be valid for any official

title: Real ID Act

text: ways in which a Real ID license can or should be used for official federal purposes without seeking the approval of Congress before doing so. States remain free to also issue non-complying licenses and IDs, so long as these have a unique design and a clear statement that they cannot be accepted for any federal identification purpose. The federal Transportation Security Administration is responsible for security check-in at airports, so bearers of non-compliant documents would no longer be able to travel on common carrier aircraft without additional screening unless they had an alternative government-issued photo ID. The national license/ID standards

title: Texas Senate Bill 5 (85th Legislature)

text: 2017, and it became effective January 1, 2018. Texas Senate Bill 5 requires voters to present an acceptable form of photo ID before casting a ballot at the polls. There are currently 7 acceptable forms of ID: For voters between the ages of 18-69, the above ID’s cannot be expired for more than 4 years. For voters aged over 70, any of the above valid ID’s can be expired for more than 4 years. Under the bill, voters who do not possess any of the seven forms of ID and are unable to obtain one through reasonable means may vote

title: Identity documents in the United States

text: of age-restricted items such as alcoholic beverages or cigarettes. Drivers' licenses issued in any state are recognized as valid identity documents in all other states under a variety of legal principles like comity and the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States Constitution. However, if a person permanently moves to another state as a resident, state laws usually give a period of time, such as 60 days, in which a person must surrender his out-of-state license for the license of his new home state. Although most American adults carry their drivers' licenses at all times when they are

title: PASS ID

text: certificates with the issuing department, and shared national databases. However, critics charge PASS ID will still require the storage of digital records of documents proving citizenship, such as birth certificates. It may also permit technology like RFID to be incorporated into drivers' licenses. PASS ID PASS ID is a proposed U.S. law intended to replace REAL ID. Like REAL ID, it implements federal standards for state identification documents. Currently, states are not obligated to follow the standards, but if PASS ID takes full effect, federal agencies will only accept identification from states that materially comply with the law. Citizens from

title: Identity document

text: more popular. For most people, driver's licenses issued by the respective state and territorial governments have become the "de facto" identity cards, and are used for many identification purposes, such as when purchasing alcohol and tobacco, opening bank accounts, and boarding planes, along with confirming a voter's identity in states with voter photo identification initiatives. Individuals who do not drive are able to obtain an identification card with the same functions from the same state agency that issues driver's licenses. In addition, many schools issue student and teacher ID cards. The United States passed a bill entitled the REAL ID

title: Real ID Act

text: aircraft) approaches and states are faced with potential air travel restrictions for their residents. , the following states and territories have been certified by the DHS as being in compliance with DHS criteria, although most of them are not in compliance with other provisions of the law not included in the DHS criteria, such as participating in the interstate system for sharing of ID databases: The following states and territories have been granted extensions: On January 25, 2007, a Resolution passed overwhelmingly in the Maine Legislature that refuses to implement the Real ID Act in that state and calls on

title: Identity documents in the United States

text: arrest. Prior to 2005, each state designed its own driver's license according to its own standards. In 2005, the U.S. Congress passed a controversial bill known as the REAL ID Act, which established uniform standards for the design and content of state drivers' licenses and delegated authority to the Department of Homeland Security to implement and regulate compliance with the Act. One of the more-controversial aspects of the Act was that it requires all the underlying state databases be linked into a single national database. United States passports are issued by the U.S. Department of State. Applications for passports are

title: E-Verify

text: because the state law grants authority over E-Verify regulation to multiple state agencies, no agency has taken the lead and enforcement has been nominal. As of August 2012 Mississippi was the first state to use USCIS's RIDE program as part of its E-Verify efforts (Florida and Idaho have also since joined). On 13 June 2011, in an effort to improve E-Verify's accuracy in Mississippi, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) launched the "Records and Information from DMVs for E-Verify" (RIDE) program in the state. The RIDE program compares driver's licenses or other government-issued ID cards against data held by the state's

title: Real ID Act

text: the May 11, 2008 deadline for implementing these provisions: an extension until no later than December 31, 2009 and an additional extension until no later than May 11, 2011. The DHS final rule mandates that, as of March 11, 2011, driver's licenses issued by the states that are not deemed to be in full compliance with the Real ID Act, will not be accepted for federal purposes. The Secretary of Homeland Security is given discretion to determine the scope of such official purposes in the future. For the states that do not apply to DHS, by March 31, 2008, for

title: Stop and identify statutes

text: social security number, fiscal information, place of birth, etc. Police can only ask for the ID card in public or a place open to public and only if there is a reasonable suspicion the person committed a crime. A certified copy of the ID card can be presented in such situations. If a citizen does not carry the ID card or its certified copy, the police will escort the person to the police department to remain detained until clear identification can be obtained. In other countries like Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, police generally have no power to demand identification

title: Driver's license

text: has no validity except when used in conjunction with the driver's own license. The existence of the IDP is necessitated by many countries refusing to recognize driver's licenses written in foreign languages without accompanying translations. Temporary visitors from the United States to France (less than 90 days) are permitted to drive with a valid US state driver's license. In addition to holding a US driver's license, visitors are advised (but not required) to carry an International Driving permit, or attach a French translation to their US state driver's license. China, at present, does not recognize IDPs and requires drivers to

title: SF City ID Card

text: it to: Such cards are not accepted as licenses to drive or purchase alcohol or tobacco, nor are they recognized by federal or state law. Possession of these cards is not considered mandatory by the city government. Applicants must submit proof of identity and city residency. Parents may obtain a card for a minor; there are separate cards for children 13 and under, and for anyone 14 years of age or older. A fee ranging from $5 to $15 is charged for the card. Expiration of the card occurs every 2 years, or when the cardholder turns 14 years of

title: Identity documents in the United States

short_answers:
DMV
each state's DMV


question: where does cerebrospinal fluid flow to when it exits the cerebral aqueduct

answers: the fourth ventricle

answers: fourth ventricle

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: (between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater) and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. It fills the ventricles of the brain, cisterns, and sulci, as well as the central canal of the spinal cord. There is also a connection from the subarachnoid space to the bony labyrinth of the inner ear via the perilymphatic duct where the perilymph is continuous with the cerebrospinal fluid. A sample of CSF can be taken via lumbar puncture. This can reveal the intracranial pressure, as well as indicate diseases including infections of the brain or its surrounding meninges.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by the specialised ependymal cells in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations. There is about 125mL of CSF at any one time, and about 500 mL is generated every day. CSF acts as a cushion or buffer for the brain, providing basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain inside the skull. CSF also serves a vital function in cerebral autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. CSF occupies the subarachnoid space

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: because of a pressure difference between the arachnoid mater and venous sinuses. CSF has also been seen to drain into lymphatic vessels, particularly those surrounding the nose via drainage along the olfactory nerve through the cribriform plate. The pathway and extent are currently not known, but may involve CSF flow along some cranial nerves and be more prominent in the neonate. CSF turns over at a rate of three to four times a day. CSF has also been seen to be reabsorbed through the sheathes of cranial and spinal nerve sheathes, and through the ependyma. The composition and rate of

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: animals. Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by the specialised ependymal cells in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations. There is about 125mL of CSF at any one time, and about 500 mL is generated every day. CSF acts as a cushion or buffer for the brain, providing basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain inside the skull. CSF also serves a vital function in cerebral autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. CSF occupies the subarachnoid

title: Ventricular system

title: Cerebral aqueduct

text: name "mesencephalic duct." The aqueduct functions to connect the third and fourth ventricles and to ensure the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through these areas. Aqueductal stenosis, a narrowing of the cerebral aqueduct, obstructs the flow of CSF and has been associated with non-communicating hydrocephalus. Such narrowing can be congenital, arise via tumor compression, or through cyclical gliosis secondary to an initial partial obstruction. Cerebral aqueduct The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, mesencephalic duct, sylvian aqueduct, or aqueduct of Sylvius, is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain), contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon

title: Ventricular system

text: fluid then flows around the superior sagittal sinus to be reabsorbed via the arachnoid granulations (or arachnoid villi) into the venous sinuses, after which it passes through the jugular vein and major venous system. CSF within the spinal cord can flow all the way down to the lumbar cistern at the end of the cord around the cauda equina where lumbar punctures are performed. The cerebral aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles is very small, as are the foramina, which means that they can be easily blocked. The brain and spinal cord are covered by the meninges, the three

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: present, CSF is present in it. Absorption of CSF is seen in amniotes and more complex species, and as species become progressively more complex, the system of absorption becomes progressively more enhanced, and the role of spinal epidural veins in absorption plays a progressively smaller and smaller role. The amount of cerebrospinal fluid varies by size and species. In humans and other mammals, cerebrospinal fluid, produced, circulating, and reabsorbed in a similar manner to humans, and with a similar function, turns over at a rate of 3–5 times a day. Problems with CSF circulation leading to hydrocephalus occur in other

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: granulations noted around the 39th, and continuing developing until 18 months of age. The subcommissural organ secretes SCO-spondin, which forms Reissner's fiber within CSF assisting movement through the cerebral aqueduct. It is present in early intra-uterine life but disappears during early development. CSF serves several purposes: The brain produces roughly 500 mL of cerebrospinal fluid per day, at a rate of about 25 mL an hour. This transcellular fluid is constantly reabsorbed, so that only 125–150 mL is present at any one time. CSF volume is higher on a mL/kg basis in children compared to adults. Infants have a CSF

title: Ventricular system

text: in density, the brain floats in neutral buoyancy, suspended in the CSF.) This allows the brain to grow in size and weight without resting on the floor of the cranium, which would destroy nervous tissue. The narrowness of the cerebral aqueduct and foramina means that they can become blocked, for example, by blood following a hemorrhagic stroke. As cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus within the ventricles, a blockage of outflow leads to increasingly high pressure in the lateral ventricles. As a consequence, this commonly leads in turn to hydrocephalus. Medically one would call this post-haemorrhagic acquired

title: Cerebrospinal venous system

text: a main route for efflux of venous blood from the brain. Modern imaging methodology, including MR scanning, have detailed the anastomoses of the cerebral and spinal venous systems in the suboccipital region. Batson, and others had recognized that blood flow in the cerebrospinal venous system was bi-directional, a unique feature that was enabled by a general lack of venous valves in these venous plexuses. This bi-directional flow was thought to have physiologic significance with regard to the maintenance of pressure hemostasis within the cranium with changes in posture. The terms “cerebrospinal venous system” and “CSVS” were coined in a 2006

title: Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak

text: is classified into two main types: cranial leaks and spinal leaks. The vast majority of leaks are spinal. Cranial leaks occur in the head. In some of these cases, CSF can be seen dripping out of the nose, or ear. Spinal leaks occur when one or more holes form in the dura along the spinal cord. Both cranial and spinal spontaneous CSF leaks cause neurological symptoms as well as spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), diminished volume, and pressure of the cranium. While this symptom can be referred to as "intracranial hypotension", the intracranial pressure may be normal, with the underlying issue

title: Lumbar puncture

text: and waste products. The majority is produced by the choroid plexus in the brain and circulates from there to other areas, before being reabsorbed into the circulation (predominantly by the arachnoid granulations). The cerebrospinal fluid can be accessed most safely in the lumbar cistern. Below the first or second lumbar vertebrae (L1 or L2) the spinal cord terminates (conus medullaris). Nerves continue down the spine below this, but in a loose bundle of nerve fibers called the cauda equina. There is lower risk with inserting a needle into the spine at the level of the cauda equina because these loose

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: except for the cerebral aqueduct, frontal horn of the lateral ventricle, and occipital horn of the lateral ventricle. CSF is also produced by the single layer of column-shaped ependymal cells which line the ventricles; by the lining surrounding the subarachnoid space; and a small amount directly from the tiny spaces surrounding blood vessels around the brain. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in two steps. Firstly, a filtered form of plasma moves from fenestrated capillaries in the choroid plexus into an interstitial space, with movement guided by a difference in pressure between the blood in the capillaries and the

title: Cerebrospinal venous system

text: via the suboccipital cavernous sinus. The vertebral venous plexus is involved in regulating intracranial pressure, transmitting the influence of the respiratory and cardiac pressures to the intracranial compartment and equalizing the pressures within the venous system.". The continuity of the cerebral and vertebral venous systems was therefore essential to an understanding of both normal physiology, as well as to an understanding of the distribution of tumor metastases, as Batson had so elegantly demonstrated. It is now recognized that the cerebrospinal venous system represents not only a route for dissemination of metastases, but also a route for dissemination of infection throughout

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: volume of 4 mL/kg, children have a CSF volume of 3 mL/kg, and adults have a CSF volume of 1.5-2 mL/kg. A high CSF volume is why a larger dose of local anesthetic, on a mL/kg basis, is needed in infants. Additionally, the larger CSF volume may be one reason as to why children have lower rates of postdural puncture headache. Most (about two-thirds to 80%) of CSF is produced by the choroid plexus. The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels present within sections of the four ventricles of the brain. It is present throughout the ventricular system

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: interstitial fluid. This fluid then needs to pass through the epithelium cells lining the choroid plexus into the ventricles, an active process requiring the transport of sodium, potassium and chloride that draws water into CSF by creating osmotic pressure. Unlike blood passing from the capillaries into the choroid plexus, the epithelial cells lining the choroid plexus contain tight junctions between cells, which act to prevent most substances flowing freely into CSF. Water and carbon dioxide from the interstitial fluid diffuse into the epithelial cells. Within these cells, carbonic anhydrase converts the substances into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. These are exchanged

title: Cerebrospinal venous system

text: enters the brain through the cerebrospinal venous system..."(Sun Sentinel, December 9, 2012, page 21A). Cerebrospinal venous system The cerebrospinal venous system (CSVS) consists of the interconnected venous systems of the brain (the cerebral venous system) and the spine (the vertebral venous system). The anatomic connections between the cerebral and vertebral venous systems was accurately depicted in 1819 by Gilbert Breschet, a French physician later to become Professor of Anatomy at Faculté de médecine de Paris. However, the significance and physiology of this venous complex remained obscure for more than a century, until the seminal work of Oscar Batson. Batson, a

title: Pia mater

text: meninges work together as a protection device for the brain, with the CSF often referred to as the fourth layer of the meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid is circulated through the ventricles, cisterns, and subarachnoid space within the brain and spinal cord. About 150 mL of CSF is always in circulation, constantly being recycled through the daily production of nearly 500 mL of fluid. The CSF is primarily secreted by the choroid plexus; however, about one-third of the CSF is secreted by pia mater and the other ventricular ependymal surfaces (the thin epithelial membrane lining the brain and central canal) and arachnoidal

title: Arachnoid mater

text: and the ventral layer. The dorsal layer covers internal cerebral veins and fixes them to the surrounding tela choroidea. The ventral layer of arachnoid membrane, on the other hand, is a direct anterior extension of this arachnoid envelope that the dorsal layer forms over the pineal region. CSF circulates in the subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater). Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexus (inside the ventricles of the brain, which are in direct communication with the subarachnoid space so the CSF can flow freely through the nervous system). Cerebrospinal fluid is a transparent, colourless fluid and it

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: Na-K-Cl cotransporter) have the potential to impact membrane channels. CSF pressure, as measured by lumbar puncture, is 10–18 cmHO (8–15 mmHg or 1.1–2 kPa) with the patient lying on the side and 20–30 cmHO (16–24 mmHg or 2.1–3.2 kPa) with the patient sitting up. In newborns, CSF pressure ranges from 8 to 10 cmHO (4.4–7.3 mmHg or 0.78–0.98 kPa). Most variations are due to coughing or internal compression of jugular veins in the neck. When lying down, the CSF pressure as estimated by lumbar puncture is similar to the intracranial pressure. Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of CSF in the

title: Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak

text: successful method of locating a CSF leak is intrathecal contrast and MR Myelography. When cranial CSF leak is suspected because of discharge from the nose or ear that is potentially CSF, the fluid can be collected and tested with a beta-2 transferrin assay. This test can positively identify if the fluid is cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with CSF leaks have been noted to have very low or even negative opening pressures during lumbar puncture. However, patients with confirmed CSF leaks may also demonstrate completely normal opening pressures. In 18–46% of cases, the CSF pressure is measured within the normal range. Analysis

title: Arachnoid mater

text: with the exception of the longitudinal fissure, which divides the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows under the arachnoid in the subarachnoid space. The arachnoid mater makes arachnoid villi, small protrusions through the dura mater into the venous sinuses of the brain, which allow CSF to exit the subarachnoid space and enter the blood stream. The arachnoid mater and dura mater are very close together throughout the cranium and spinal canal all the way to S2, where the two layers fuse into one and end in the filum terminale, which attaches to the coccygeal end of the

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: ventricles of the brain. Hydrocephalus can occur because of obstruction of the passage of CSF, such as from an infection, injury, mass, or congenital abnormality. Hydrocephalus without obstruction associated with normal CSF pressure may also occur. Symptoms can include problems with gait and coordination, urinary incontinence, nausea and vomiting, and progressively impaired thinking. In infants, hydrocephalus can cause an enlarged head, as the bones of the skull have not yet fused, seizures, irritability and drowsiness. A CT scan or MRI scan may reveal enlargement of one or both lateral ventricles, or causative masses or lesions, and lumbar puncture may be

title: Syringomyelia

text: spina bifida, and others. The reasons that blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid space within the subarachnoid space can result in syrinx formation are not fully understood although a small posterior fossa is one known cause. It is unclear if syrinx fluid originates from bulk movement of cerebrospinal fluid into the spinal cord, from bulk transmural movement of blood fluids through the spinal vasculature into the syrinx, or from a combination of both. Recent work suggests that central nervous system compliance is the underlying problem for the central nervous system, and also that hydrocephalus and syringomyelia have related causes. Physicians now

title: Cerebral circulation

text: the midbrain to form the vein of Galen. This vein merges with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus which then joins the superficial venous system mentioned above at the confluence of sinuses. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the blood supply to the brain in a given period of time. In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millilitres per minute or 15% of the cardiac output. This equates to an average perfusion of 50 to 54 millilitres of blood per 100 grams of brain tissue per minute. CBF is tightly regulated to meet the brain's metabolic demands. Too

title: Cerebral circulation

text: who have conditions like shock, stroke, cerebral edema, and traumatic brain injury. Cerebral blood flow is determined by a number of factors, such as viscosity of blood, how dilated blood vessels are, and the net pressure of the flow of blood into the brain, known as cerebral perfusion pressure, which is determined by the body's blood pressure. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is defined as the mean arterial pressure (MAP)minus the intracranial pressure (ICP). In normal individuals it should be above 50 mm Hg. Intracranial pressure should not be above 15 mm Hg ( ICP of 20 mm Hg is considered

title: Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea

text: includes CSF otorrhoea (drainage of CSF through the ear). It can have devastating complications in some patients, as the communication between the nasal cavity and the cerebrospinal fluid and CNS can result in bacterial infections of the CNS that can have catastrophic effects on the patient. CSF rhinorrhoea can also be a symptom of a pituitary adenoma. Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. The most common congenital or acquired defect in the skull base bones (anterior cranial fossa) at the spontaneous nasal liquorrhea localized in following formation: Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea CSF rhinorrhoea refers to the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Measures

title: Cerebrospinal fluid

text: anhydrase inhibitor such as acetazolamide, repeated drainage via lumbar puncture, or the insertion of a shunt such as a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. CSF can leak from the dura as a result of different causes such as physical trauma or a lumbar puncture, or from no known cause when it is termed a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak. It is usually associated with intracranial hypotension: low CSF pressure. It can cause headaches, made worse by standing, moving and coughing, as the low CSF pressure causes the brain to "sag" downwards and put pressure on its lower structures. If a leak is identified, a

title: Post-mortem chemistry

text: with the potassium levels in the blood plasma. This method is not exact, but a good estimate for the time since death can be obtained. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the brain and spinal cord. It is a clear fluid that provides a barrier to absorb shock and prevent injury to the brain. It is useful for diagnosing neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimers. There are various substances in the cerebrospinal fluid that can be measured including urea, glucose, potassium, chloride, sodium, protein, creatinine, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and cortisol. Different things can be learned about the person or how the died

title: Ventricular system

long_answer: The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord within their bony confines. CSF is produced by modified ependymal cells of the choroid plexus found in all components of the ventricular system except for the cerebral aqueduct and the posterior and anterior horns of the lateral ventricles. CSF flows from the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramina into the third ventricle, and then the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct in the brainstem. From the fourth ventricle it can pass into the central canal of the spinal cord or into the subarachnoid cisterns via three small foramina: the central median aperture and the two lateral apertures.