question: when were the words under god added to the pledge

answers: on Flag Day in 1954

answers: 1954

answers: Flag Day in 1954

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: the phrase "under God" violates protections against the establishment of religion guaranteed in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. In 2004, linguist Geoffrey Nunberg said the original supporters of the addition thought that they were simply quoting Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, but to Lincoln and his contemporaries, "under God" meant "God willing", so they would have found its use in the Pledge of Allegiance grammatically incorrect and semantically odd. Prominent legal challenges were brought in the 1930s and 1940s by Jehovah's Witnesses, a denomination whose beliefs preclude swearing loyalty to any power other than God, and who objected to policies

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: not confuse loyalties between their birth countries and the US. The words "of America" were added a year later. Congress officially recognized the Pledge for the first time, in the following form, on June 22, 1942: Louis Albert Bowman, an attorney from Illinois, was the first to suggest the addition of "under God" to the pledge. The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution gave him an Award of Merit as the originator of this idea. He spent his adult life in the Chicago area and was chaplain of the Illinois Society of the Sons of the American

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: Revolution. At a meeting on February 12, 1948, he led the society in reciting the pledge with the two words "under God" added. He said that the words came from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Although not all manuscript versions of the Gettysburg Address contain the words "under God", all the reporters' transcripts of the speech as delivered do, as perhaps Lincoln may have deviated from his prepared text and inserted the phrase when he said "that the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom." Bowman repeated his revised version of the Pledge at other meetings. In 1951, the

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: Knights of Columbus, the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization, also began including the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance. In New York City, on April 30, 1951, the board of directors of the Knights of Columbus adopted a resolution to amend the text of their Pledge of Allegiance at the opening of each of the meetings of the 800 Fourth Degree Assemblies of the Knights of Columbus by addition of the words "under God" after the words "one nation." Over the next two years, the idea spread throughout Knights of Columbus organizations nationwide. On August 21, 1952,

title: Pledge of Allegiance (United States)

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: upheld the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance in the case of "Newdow v. Rio Linda Union School District". In a 2–1 decision, the appellate court ruled that the words were of a "ceremonial and patriotic nature" and did not constitute an establishment of religion. Judge Stephen Reinhardt dissented, writing that "the state-directed, teacher-led daily recitation in public schools of the amended 'under God' version of the Pledge of Allegiance... violates the Establishment Clause of the Constitution." On November 12, 2010, in a unanimous decision, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in Boston affirmed

title: Becket Fund for Religious Liberty

text: Both cases were resolved in favor of the current Pledge language. Most recently the Becket Fund helped the Matawan-Aberdeen Regional School District in New Jersey. A group of atheists challenged the words "under God" who considered the phrase a violation of the Establishment Clause. The case was taken to the Superior Court of New Jersey where the phrase "under God" was once again ruled constitutional. The atheist group did not appeal. Another Becket Fund client is a mosque in Murfreesboro, Tennessee that was denied the right to use its building by a local court after complaints that the mosque was

title: In God We Trust

text: School District brought by a student of the district and the American Humanist Association that argued that the phrase "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance created a climate of discrimination because it promoted religion, making non-believers "second-class citizens". He noted; "As a matter of historical tradition, the words 'under God' can no more be expunged from the national consciousness than the words 'In God We Trust' from every coin in the land, than the words 'so help me God' from every presidential oath since 1789, or than the prayer that has opened every congressional session of legislative business since

title: Pledge Protection Act

text: of his daughter, promised to appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The first decision of the Ninth Circuit was handed down on June 26, 2002, declaring that the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance violated the Establishment Clause. The 'Pledge Protection Act' would be introduced into the House of Representatives for the first time on July 8, 2002, as part of the 107th Congress. Had the bill been successfully enacted into law, the decision of the Ninth Circuit would have stood, and the inclusion of "under God" in the Pledge remained unconstitutional. The law would have

title: Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance

text: the dedication of our Nation and our people to the Almighty." The matter of the Pledge's constitutionality simmered for decades below the public eye. In 1992, the Chicago-based Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals decided the first challenge to the constitutionality of the words "under God", ruling in "Sherman v. Community Consolidated School District 21" that the use of the words "under God" in the Pledge did not violate the Establishment Clause. On June 26, 2002, in a case ("Newdow v. United States Congress") brought by an atheist father objecting to the Pledge being taught in his daughter's school, the Ninth

title: Michael Newdow

text: states was filed on behalf of his daughter against inclusion of the words "under God" in public schools' recitals of the United States' Pledge of Allegiance. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit found that the phrase constitutes an endorsement of religion, and therefore violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. However, the decision was later overruled by the Supreme Court of the United States on procedural grounds, citing that Newdow did not have custody of his daughter and therefore did not have the right to bring suit on her behalf,

text: the Endorsement Test, and the Coercion Test. In doing so, the Court concluded recitation of the Pledge with the words "under God" included violated the Establishment Clause. Fernandez asserted in his partial dissent that the religious content of the "under God" addition is so small that it is de minimis—so trivial as to be properly beneath judicial notice. Public and congressional reaction to the Ninth Circuit's decision was decidedly negative. About 150 Members of Congress stood on the front steps of the Capitol and recited the Pledge including the words "under God"; and the Senate passed a non-binding resolution affirming

text: in March 2000 against the Elk Grove Unified School District. Newdow sued as the "next friend" on behalf of his daughter, who was enrolled in the Elk Grove public schools. He said the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance amounted to an unconstitutional establishment of religion and that, as such, the daily recitation of the Pledge with the offending words interfered with his right to inculcate his daughter with his religious beliefs. U.S. Magistrate Judge Peter A. Nowinski found the Pledge was constitutional. The District Court accepted the magistrate's finding and dismissed the case on June 21, 2000.

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: in public schools requiring students to swear an oath to the flag. They said requiring the pledge violated their freedom of religion guaranteed by the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. The first case was in 1935, when two children, Lillian and William Gobitas, ages ten and twelve, were expelled from the Minersville, Pennsylvania, public schools that year for failing to salute the flag and recite the Pledge of Allegiance. In a 2002 case brought by atheist Michael Newdow, whose daughter was being taught the Pledge in school, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the phrase "under God"

title: Michael Newdow

text: pledge is unconstitutional when recited in public schools. On March 11, 2010, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance in the case of "Newdow v. Rio Linda Union School District". On page 60 of the ruling the court writes: "We hold that the California Education Code - 52720 and the School District's policy having teachers lead students in the recitation of the Pledge, and having those who do not wish to participate do so with impunity, do not violate the Establishment Clause. Therefore we reverse the decision

title: Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance

text: Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco ruled the addition of "under God" an unconstitutional endorsement of monotheism. Shortly after the ruling's release, Judge Alfred T. Goodwin, author of the opinion in the 2–1 ruling, signed an order staying its enforcement until the full Ninth Circuit court could decide whether to hear an appeal. The day after the ruling, the Senate voted in favor of the Pledge as it stood. The House followed suit, accepting a similar resolution. The Senate vote was 99–0 (Senator Jesse Helms could not attend, but had been expected to vote "yes"); the House 416–3 with

title: Michael Newdow

text: three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit to remove both "under God" from the Pledge of Allegiance (Roe v. Rio Linda Union School District), and "In God We Trust" from United States currency. The Ninth Circuit rejected Newdow's challenge. In a decision published March 11, 2010, the court held that its earlier decision in "Aronow", which "held the national motto is of a "patriotic or ceremonial character," has no "theological or ritualistic impact," and does not constitute "governmental sponsorship of a religious exercise," foreclosed Newdow's argument. In an opinion concurring only in the judgment, even the extremely liberal Judge Stephen Reinhardt

title: Secular movement

text: advocates for more prayer and religion in American government. As America's secular demographic has grown and become more visible and active, a number of lawsuits have been brought to challenge references to God and religion in government. These cases have had limited success. In 2002, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the inclusion of the words "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance violated the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. That ruling was overturned by the United States Supreme Court in "Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow", 542 U.S. 1 (2004). The Supreme Court ruled

title: Australian nationality law

text: wording was available in the form of a non-religious Affirmation for those who preferred. In 1986 the wording was changed to: In 1994 the Oath was replaced with a Pledge of Commitment to Australia: All new citizens have the choice of making the pledge with (Pledge 1) or without (Pledge 2) the words 'under God'. There are cases where citizens need to show documentary evidence of their citizenship. Employers are required to check working rights when providing a job, so an Australian citizen needs to show evidence of their citizenship. According to the Department of Immigration and Border Protection this

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: exercise. In February 2015 New Jersey Superior Court Judge David F. Bauman dismissed a lawsuit, ruling that "… the Pledge of Allegiance does not violate the rights of those who don't believe in God and does not have to be removed from the patriotic message." The case against the Matawan-Aberdeen Regional School District had been brought by a student of the district and the American Humanist Association that argued that the phrase "under God" in the pledge created a climate of discrimination because it promoted religion, making non-believers "second-class citizens." In a twenty-one page decision, Bauman wrote, "Under [the association

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: a ruling by a New Hampshire lower federal court which found that the pledge's reference to God does not violate non-pledging students' rights if student participation in the pledge is voluntary. A United States Supreme Court appeal of this decision was denied on June 13, 2011. In September 2013, a case was brought before the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, arguing that the pledge violates the Equal Rights Amendment of the Constitution of Massachusetts. In May 2014, Massachusetts' highest court ruled that the pledge does not discriminate against atheists, saying that the words "under God" represent a patriotic, not a religious,

title: Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance

text: requiring the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance. The judge said he was bound by 2002 precedent of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decision even though it had been vacated by the Supreme Court. Judge Karlton held that the words "one nation under God" violate the right to be "free from a coercive requirement to affirm God". On November 30, 2005, the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, an organization claiming to defend religious rights for people of all faiths, appealed the case to the Ninth Circuit and filed a brief that declared, object to the ruling that the

title: Michael Newdow

text: Michael Newdow Michael Arthur Newdow (born June 24, 1953) is an American attorney and emergency medicine physician. He is best known for his efforts to have recitations of the current version of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools in the United States declared unconstitutional because of its inclusion of the phrase "under God". He also filed and lost a lawsuit to stop the invocation prayer at President Bush's second inauguration and in 2009 he filed a lawsuit to prevent references to God and religion from being part of President Obama's inauguration. Newdow is an atheist and an ordained minister

title: Criticism of the Pledge of Allegiance

text: the Court also ruled that "A religion is not established in the usual sense merely by letting those who choose to do so say the prayer that the public school teacher leads." Rather, the Court found fault with the teacher-led prayer because the State of New York had financed a religious exercise in requiring the teacher-led recitation of the prayer. Nevertheless, neither the parents nor the Court made the same assertion regarding the Pledge of Allegiance. The dissenting justice in the 2002 "Under God" ruling stated that the ruling conflicted with the Supreme Court's explicit stance that the phrase "under

title: In God We Trust

text: a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit to remove both "under God" from the Pledge of Allegiance ("Roe v. Rio Linda Union School District"), and "In God We Trust" from United States currency. The Ninth Circuit rejected Newdow's challenge. In a decision published March 11, 2010, the court held that its earlier decision in "Aronow", which "held the national motto is of a "patriotic or ceremonial character," has no "theological or ritualistic impact," and does not constitute "governmental sponsorship of a religious exercise," foreclosed Newdow's argument. In an opinion concurring only in the judgment, even the extremely liberal Judge Stephen

title: Pledge of Allegiance

text: pew, the church's pastor, George MacPherson Docherty, delivered a sermon based on the Gettysburg Address entitled "A New Birth of Freedom." He argued that the nation's might lay not in arms but rather in its spirit and higher purpose. He noted that the Pledge's sentiments could be those of any nation: "There was something missing in the pledge, and that which was missing was the characteristic and definitive factor in the American way of life." He cited Lincoln's words "under God" as defining words that set the US apart from other nations. President Eisenhower had been baptized a Presbyterian very

title: George MacPherson Docherty

text: George MacPherson Docherty George MacPherson Docherty (May 9, 1911 – November 27, 2008) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian minister and principal initiator of the addition of the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States. Docherty was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1911. After graduation from Glasgow University and a three-year pastorate at Aberdeen's North Kirk, he set sail from Southampton to the United States in 1950. Docherty succeeded Peter Marshall as the pastor of the historic New York Avenue Presbyterian Church in Washington D.C., just a few blocks from the White House.

title: David Niose

text: against atheists. In February 2015 a New Jersey Superior Court Judge dismissed the suit ruling that "...the Pledge of Allegiance does not violate the rights of those who don't believe in God and does not have to be removed from the patriotic message." This followed a ruling of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in May 2014, where in a unanimous decision ruled the court declared that the daily recitation of the phrase “under god” in the US Pledge of Allegiance does not violate the plaintiffs' equal protection rights under the Massachusetts Constitution. Critical of the Religious Right, Niose argues that

title: Discrimination against atheists

text: apply to witness oaths. Several American atheists have used court challenges to address discrimination against atheists. Michael Newdow challenged inclusion of the phrase "under God" in the United States Pledge of Allegiance on behalf of his daughter, claiming that the phrase amounted to government endorsement of discrimination against atheists. He won the case at an initial stage, but the Supreme Court dismissed his claim, ruling that Newdow did not have standing to bring his case, thus disposing of the case without ruling on the constitutionality of the pledge. Respondents to a survey were less likely to support a kidney transplant

title: Oath of Allegiance (Australia)

text: removed the renunciation requirement and the requirement for candidates to state their names, the wording becoming: In 1994, the Keating Government replaced the oath with a Pledge of Commitment to Australia and removed the reference to the Crown: The prospective citizen has the option of making the pledge with or without the words "under God". There have been no changes since. Oath of Allegiance (Australia) In Australia, an Oath of Allegiance or an Affirmation of Allegiance are oaths of allegiance required to be made to the monarch of Australia in some situations. Oaths of Allegiance are usually made on a

title: Pledge of Allegiance (United States)

long_answer: The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the Flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. It was originally composed by Captain George Thatcher Balch, a Union Army Officer during the Civil War and later a teacher of patriotism in New York City schools. The form of the pledge used today was largely devised by Francis Bellamy in 1892, and formally adopted by Congress as the pledge in 1942. The official name of The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1945. The most recent alteration of its wording came on Flag Day in 1954, when the words "under God" were added.

short_answers:
1954
Flag Day in 1954
on Flag Day in 1954


question: who is directly elected according to the constitution

answers: senators

title: National Assembly (Burundi)

text: president of the republic. He took office on 26 August 2005. National Assembly (Burundi) The National Assembly is the lower chamber of Parliament in Burundi. It consists of 100 directly elected members (or deputies) and between 18 and 21 co-opted members who serve five-year terms. Deputies are elected in 17 multi-member constituencies using a party-list proportional representation system in accordance with the d'Hondt method. Political parties and lists of independent candidates must receive over 2% of the vote nationally to gain representation in the National Assembly. As a country that has been devastated by civil war and persistent ethnic violence

title: Elections in Namibia

text: Elections in Namibia Elections in Namibia gives information on election and election results in Namibia. Namibia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The Parliament is bicameral in nature. Until 2014 the National Assembly had 78 members of which 72 were elected by direct popular vote using the proportional representation and a maximum of 6 non-voting members are appointed by the president. The members are elected for a five-year term. Since then the number of elected seats to the National Assembly

title: Elections in Zimbabwe

text: Elections in Zimbabwe The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature. The presidential term lasts for 5 years, and is elected by majority, with a second round if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. The Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Assembly and Senate. Following the 2013 constitution, the House of Assembly has 270 members. 210 are elected for five-year terms by single-member constituencies. Furthermore, the constitution specifies that for the two first parliaments, there are 60 additional seats reserved for women, 6 seats per province, which are

title: Elections in Burundi

text: Elections in Burundi Elections in Burundi gives information on election and election results in Burundi. Burundi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The National Assembly ("Assemblée nationale") has 118 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation with a 2% barrier. The Senate ("Sénat") has 49 members, elected for a five-year term by electoral colleges of communal councilors. Extra seats in both chambers can be added to ensure that ethnic and gender quotas are met. Burundi has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and a third party

title: Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

text: In 1911, the House of Representatives passed House Joint Resolution 39 proposing a constitutional amendment for direct election of senators.  The original resolution passed by the House contained the following clause:

title: Elections in Belarus

text: Independent States (CIS) recognised the election as legitimate. Elections in Belarus Belarus elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly ("Нацыянальны сход", "Nacyyanal'ny skhod") has two chambers. The House of Representatives ("Палата прадстаўнікоў", "Palata Pradstawnikow") has 110 members elected in single-seat constituencies elected for a four-year term. The Council of the Republic ("Савет рэспублікі", "Saviet Respubliki") has 64 members, 56 members indirectly elected and eight members appointed by the president. Belarus is a state in which the president, currently

title: 2011 Argentine provincial elections

text: members of the provincial Judiciary Council. The ticket for Governor and Vice-Governor is elected by simple majority on a direct election, for a 4-year period. They can be re-elected for a single consecutive time, either in the same order or in alternating positions. The unicameral legislature, the Chamber of Deputies, is renewed every four years. The provincial deputies can be re-elected. The legislative election is direct in a single district: the most voted party gains 16 seats (60%) and the remaining 11 seats are proportionally divided among the following party lists, by D'Hondt method, without threshold. The main candidates for

title: Politics of Albania

text: four-year term on the basis of direct, universal, periodic and equal suffrage by secret ballot. As of Article 45 of the Constitution, which guarantees the right to vote, the People of Albania exercise their power through their elected representatives in the Parliament. When the Parliament is elected, the first session shall be held no later than 20 days after the completion of elections with the President as the speaker. There are 15 permanent committees. Extraordinary meets can be called by the President, by the Chairperson of the Parliament, by the Prime Minister or by the one fifth of the members.

title: Constitution of Ivory Coast

text: direct universal suffrage for a 5-year term concurrently with the president. It passes on legislation typically introduced by the president, although it also can introduce legislation. The judicial system culminates in the Supreme Court. The High Court of Justice is competent to try government officials for major offenses. There is also an independent Constitutional Council which has seven members appointed by the president that is responsible for, amongst other duties, the determination of candidate eligibility in presidential and legislative elections, the announcement of final election results, the conduct of referendums, and the constitutionality of legislation. Ivory Coast is divided into

title: Elections in Lithuania

text: in the parliament and coalition governments are common. The head of the state - the president - is elected to a five-year term in a majority vote, with the president eligible for up to two terms in office. More than 1500 municipal council members are elected in local elections to four-year terms, with the majority of the seats allocated using proportional representation and the mayors elected directly by residents in a majority vote. The Lithuanian representatives in the European Parliament, currently numbering 11, are elected using proportional representation every five years. 12 referendums have been organized in Lithuania, initiated by

title: Elections in Uzbekistan

text: Elections in Uzbekistan Uzbekistan elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The Supreme Assembly ("Oliy Majlis") has 150 members in the Legislative Chamber, elected for a five-year terms and 100 members in the Senate; 84 members elected at the sessions of district, regional and city deputies, and 16 members appointed by the president. Most parties are excluded. Uzbekistan is a state dominated by the supporters of a head of state – the president. Opposition parties are allowed, but are widely considered

title: Elections in the Netherlands

text: The elections for the Island councils for the special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba take place at the same date as the provincial elections; for the first time in 2015. The Senate is elected indirectly, by the provincial councillors (who are themselves chosen in direct elections). It is composed as follows: The 2014 Dutch municipal election saw a success for local parties, who increased their share to 30% of the votes. The Christian Democratic Appeal remained the largest party nationally, earning 14% of the votes. D66 and SP also saw significant rises compared to the 2010 elections, getting

title: National Assembly (Burundi)

text: National Assembly (Burundi) The National Assembly is the lower chamber of Parliament in Burundi. It consists of 100 directly elected members (or deputies) and between 18 and 21 co-opted members who serve five-year terms. Deputies are elected in 17 multi-member constituencies using a party-list proportional representation system in accordance with the d'Hondt method. Political parties and lists of independent candidates must receive over 2% of the vote nationally to gain representation in the National Assembly. As a country that has been devastated by civil war and persistent ethnic violence since its independence in 1962, Burundi's new constitution (approved in a

title: Constitution of Vanuatu

text: the Prime Minister directly elected by Parliament; the Supreme Court; and the Court of Appeal. Bislama, English, and French are declared to be the country's "official languages", with English and French as the "principal languages of education". The electoral franchise is guaranteed as "universal, equal and secret", and in principle is extended to all adults aged 18 years or older. Members of the National Council of Chiefs are to be "elected by their peers". An unusual feature of the Constitution is that the President is elected by an electoral college, made up of members of Parliament and the chairpersons of

title: Constitution of Italy

text: is elected by direct and universal suffrage by voters over the age of eighteen. There are 630 deputies, twelve of which are elected in the overseas constituencies, while the number of seats among the other electoral districts is obtained by dividing the number of citizens residing in the territory of the Republic by six hundred eighteen and by distributing the seats proportionally to the population in every electoral district, on the basis of whole shares and highest remainders. All voters over the age of twenty-five are eligible to be deputies. The Senate of the Republic is elected by direct and

title: Elections in Bulgaria

text: Elections in Bulgaria Bulgaria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term directly by the people. The National Assembly ("Narodno Sabranie") has 240 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. Bulgaria has a multi-party system, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each to form governments. Parliamentary elections have been held in Bulgaria since 1879. There was a period when partisan politics was banned from

title: 2019 Panamanian general election

text: 2019 Panamanian general election General elections are scheduled to be held in Panama on 5 May 2019. Due to constitutional term limits, Incumbent President Juan Carlos Varela will be ineligible for a second consecutive term. Of the 71 members of the National Assembly, 26 will be elected in single-member constituencies and 45 by proportional representation in multi-member constituencies. Each district with more than 40,000 inhabitants forms a constituency. Constituencies elect one MP for every 30,000 residents and an additional representative for every fraction over 10,000. In single-member constituencies MPs are elected using the first-past-the-post system. In multi-member constituencies MPs are

title: Elections in Belarus

text: Elections in Belarus Belarus elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly ("Нацыянальны сход", "Nacyyanal'ny skhod") has two chambers. The House of Representatives ("Палата прадстаўнікоў", "Palata Pradstawnikow") has 110 members elected in single-seat constituencies elected for a four-year term. The Council of the Republic ("Савет рэспублікі", "Saviet Respubliki") has 64 members, 56 members indirectly elected and eight members appointed by the president. Belarus is a state in which the president, currently Alexander Lukashenko, dominates. Opposition parties are allowed, but

title: Elections in Myanmar

text: Elections in Myanmar Myanmar is a unitary republic, with elected representatives at the national and, state or region levels. On the national level, the head of state, the President, is elected indirectly through an Electoral College. According to the 2008 constitution, the term durations of the legislature, the President, and the Cabinet are five years. Voting occurred in all constituencies, excluding seats appointed by the military, to select Members of Assembly to seats in both the upper house (the House of Nationalities) and the lower house (the House of Representatives) of the Assembly of the Union, and State and Region

title: Elections in Sri Lanka

text: Elections in Sri Lanka Elections in Sri Lanka gives information on election and election results in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The Parliament has 225 members, elected for a five-year term, 196 members elected in multi-seat constituencies through proportional representation system where each party is allocated a number of seats from the quota for each district according to the proportion of the total vote that party obtains in the district. The other 29 which is

title: Politics of Albania

text: municipal councils. The President is elected through a secret vote and without debate by the Parliament by a majority of three-fifths majority of all its members, for 5 years. The Constitution sets a limit to a maximum of two terms in office. The Parliament is elected to a four-year term in twelve multi-seat constituencies analogous to the 12 county borders, with amendments to achieve a uniform number of eligible voters in each constituency to within 3%. Within the constituencies, seats are elected by closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of 3% for parties and 5% for alliances. Seats

title: Zagreb

text: representative body of the citizens of the City of Zagreb elected for a four-year term on the basis of universal suffrage in direct elections by secret ballot using proportional system with d'Hondt method in a manner specified by law. There are 51 representatives in the City Assembly, among them president and vicepresidents of the assembly are elected by the representatives. Prior to 2009, the mayor was elected by the City Assembly. It was changed to direct elections by majoritarian vote (two-round system) in 2009. The mayor is the head of the city administration and has two deputies (directly elected together

title: Elections in Rwanda

text: and two from Kigali) and three members elected by mini-committees, two representing youth (elected by the National Youth Council) and one representing disabled people (elected by the Federation of the Associations of the Disabled. The Senate has 26 members, of which 14 are indirectly elected and 12 are appointed. The 14 indirectly elected members consist of 12 members elected by local councils and two university lecturers elected by university staff. The 12 appointed members include eight appointed by the President and four appointed by the Forum of Political Organisations. Four national referendums have been held in Rwanda; the first in

title: Elections in Bulgaria

text: its De Facto independence in 1878: Several regional referendums have been held as well. Elections in Bulgaria Bulgaria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term directly by the people. The National Assembly ("Narodno Sabranie") has 240 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies with a 4% threshold. Bulgaria has a multi-party system, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each to form governments. Parliamentary elections have been held

title: Parliament of Albania

text: As of 9 September 2017, the Chairperson of the Parliament is Gramoz Ruçi. The Constitution of Albania mandates that the Parliament consists of not less than 140 members, elected by a direct elected secret ballot for four-year terms. The electoral system is closed list proportional representation. There are 12 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the 12 administrative regions of the country. Parliamentary elections are held within 60 days to 30 days before the end of the mandate and not later than 45 days after dissolution. As specified by the current electoral legislation in Albania, 140 members of the Parliament are elected

title: Elections in Madagascar

text: Elections in Madagascar Elections in Madagascar gives information on election and election results in Madagascar. Madagascar elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people, by absolute majority through a two-round system. The Parliament has two chambers. The National Assembly ("Antenimieram-Pirenena/Assemblée Nationale") has 151 members, elected for a five-year term in single-member and two-member constituencies. In single-member constituencies, representatives are elected by simple majority, in the two-member constituencies, closed party lists are used, with the two seats distributed using a highest averages method.

title: Elections in Croatia

text: on 1 July 2013. The President of Croatia is elected for a five-year term by a direct vote of all citizens in a majority system, requiring runoff elections if no candidate wins more than 50 percent of votes in the first round. Members of Parliament are elected for a four-year term in ten multi-seat constituencies, with additional members elected in special constituencies reserved for the Croatian diaspora and national minorities. As of November 2011, legislation provides for the election of 151 members of the unicameral parliament (including three representatives of the Croatian diaspora and eight representatives of national minorities). Out

title: Elections in Venezuela

text: Elections in Venezuela Elections in Venezuela are held at a national level for the President of Venezuela as head of state and head of government, and for a unicameral legislature. The President of Venezuela is elected for a six-year term by direct election plurality voting, and is eligible for re-election. The National Assembly "(Asamblea Nacional)" has 165 members "(diputados)", elected for five-year terms using a mixed member majoritarian system. Elections also take place at state level and local level. Since 1998 elections in Venezuela have been automated (using touch-screen DRE voting machines which provide a Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail),

title: Cape Verde

text: 1999 — defines the basic principles of its government. The president is the head of state and is elected by popular vote for a 5-year term. The prime minister is the head of government and proposes other ministers and secretaries of state. The prime minister is nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president. Members of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote for 5-year terms. Three parties now hold seats in the National Assembly — MPD (36), PAICV (25) and the Cape Verdean Independent Democratic Union (UCID) (3). The judicial system consists of a Supreme Court

title: Suriname

text: for a five-year term by a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly. If at least two-thirds of the National Assembly cannot agree to vote for one presidential candidate, a People's Assembly is formed from all National Assembly delegates and regional and municipal representatives who were elected by popular vote in the most recent national election. The president may be elected by a majority of the People's Assembly called for the special election. As head of government, the president appoints a sixteen-minister cabinet. A vice president, is normally elected for a five-year term at the same time as the president, by


question: when did the lion king start on broadway

answers: Broadway

answers: October 15, 1997

answers: July 8, 1997

answers: November 13, 1997

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: honors, including six Tony Awards, one for Best Musical and Best Direction of a Musical, making director Julie Taymor the first woman to earn such an honor. The show opened in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999, and is still running after more than 7,500 performances. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008, in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family. In September 2014, "The Lion King" became the top-earning title in box-office history for both stage productions and films, surpassing

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: the new theatre. The cast featured 53 artists, of whom all were South African. The opening night in Johannesburg was celebrated with key persons involving the creation of the musical and American talk show host Oprah Winfrey who had recently opened an educational academy for girls in Johannesburg The show closed on February 17, 2008. The show was translated into Japanese and staged by the Shiki Theatre Company. The Tokyo production began in 1998 and continues to the present day at the Shiki Theatre HARU. The production achieved its 10,000th performance on July 15, 2015. The show played at the

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: for nearly four years at the Princess of Wales Theatre. The show was directed by the original director Julie Taymor and premiered on April 25, 2000. The Lion King ran until January 2004 when it had its final performance. This first Canadian staging comprised 1,560 performances and was seen by 2.9 million people according to David Mirvish, whose Mirvish Productions theater and management company owns and operates the theater. The "" star Raymond Ablack starred as Young Simba In 2001. The show returned for a five-week engagement that began in April 2011, as part of the North American tour The

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: Capitol Theatre in Sydney, Australia, from October 16, 2003, until June 26, 2005. The production then ran at the Regent Theatre in Melbourne from July 28, 2005, until June 4, 2006. "The Lion King" returned to Sydney's Capitol Theatre on December 12, 2013. The musical had a Korean production from October 28, 2006, to October 28, 2007, at the Charlotte Theater in Seoul, where it ran for 330 performances. In August 2008, a production opened in Taipei, Taiwan, closing on August 24, 2009. The show had a limited run at Shanghai's Grand Theatre from July to September 2006. This production

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: The musical debuted on July 8, 1997 in Minneapolis, Minnesota at the Orpheum Theatre and was an instant success before premiering on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theater on October 15, 1997 in many previews with the official opening on November 13, 1997.  On June 13, 2006, the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the musical version of Mary Poppins, where it is still running after more than 6,700 performances. It is Broadway's third longest-running show in history and the highest grossing Broadway production of all time, having grossed more than $1 billion.

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: This production won several Moliére Awards and closed on July 25, 2010, after being watched by over a million people. On October 20, 2011, the first Spanish production opened at Teatro Lope de Vega in Madrid, where it is still running after more than 2,900 performances. In Basel, Switzerland, the musical was performed for the first time from March 12, 2015, until October 11, 2015. Beginning in June 2007, "The Lion King" debuted its first-ever performance on the African continent in Johannesburg, South Africa at the Teatro at Montecasino. "The Lion King" was the first production to take place in

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: musical had a Mexican limited run (in English) between January 3 and January 27, 2008, in Mexico City, as part of the U.S. national tour. In May 2014, it was confirmed a new production of the musical, this time in Spanish. The production ran from May 7, 2015 to January 14, 2018 at the Teatro Telcel in Mexico City for 950 performances. Carlos Rivera returned to the role of Simba, which he also took in Spain four years earlier. The lyrics of the songs of this production differed from the European Spanish one. South-African actress Shirley Hlahatse was chosen as

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: March 2015. The West End cast of the show performed twice at the traditional Royal Variety Performance: in 1999 (led by Josette Bushell-Mingo) and 2008 (led by Brown Lindiwe Mkhize). In both performances, the song "Circle of Life" was performed. The company also performed at the show "Strictly Come Dancing" special "Strictly African Dancing", broadcast in 2005, led once again by Mkhize and performed the same song. The German production has been playing in Hamburg at the Theater in Hafen since December 2001 and had its 5000th performance on January 14, 2014. Access to the theater is by ferry, where

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: was led by Buyi Zama and was performed in English, though a couple of Chinese elements were added to the story. From June 14, 2016, until October 8, 2017, "The Lion King" returned to China, in a new production that was staged at the 1,200 capacity Walt Disney Grand Theatre, in the Shanghai Disney Resort, where it ran for 500 performances. This production was performed in Mandarin and led by Ntsepa Pitjeng. On March 28, 2018, the first international tour officially opened at the Solaire Resort & Casino in Manila, with confirmed stops in Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and South

title: Ragtime (musical)

text: in "The New York Times" was headlined "A diorama with nostalgia rampant." It led the 1998 Tony Awards with thirteen Tony Award nominations, but Disney's "The Lion King" won as Best Musical. The musical won awards for Best Featured Actress (McDonald), Original Score, Book, and Orchestrations. According to "The New York Times", "The chief competition for "The Lion King" was "Ragtime", a lavish musical." The "New York Times" also noted that "The season was an artistic success as well, creating one of the most competitive Tony contests in years, with a battle in almost every category capped by the titanic

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: as Pride Rock, the stampede, and the grasslands) were converted to less costly configurations for the touring productions. The sun during the opening is reduced in size for the shorter-lasting tours. Stage sizes are also smaller, and the size of the pit orchestra is decreased. A Las Vegas production opened at Mandalay Bay on May 15, 2009, with previews beginning May 5, 2009. The Las Vegas cast performed on the ninth season of the American dance competition "Dancing With the Stars" on September 23, 2009. Led by Buyi Zama, the cast performed "Circle of Life". When this production closed, on

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: the record previously held by "The Phantom of the Opera". "The Lion King" musical has grossed nearly as of 2017. As the sun rises, Rafiki the mandrill calls the animals to Pride Rock. She greets King Mufasa and Queen Sarabi before presenting their cub to the gathered animals ("Circle of Life"). Elsewhere, Mufasa's brother, Scar, laments his lost chance at becoming King. Back at her baobab tree, Rafiki paints an image of the cub and asks the spirits to conjure the new prince's name: Simba. Time passes and Simba grows into a lively young cub ("Grasslands Chant"). Mufasa shows Simba

title: The Lion King (franchise)

text: Directed by Julie Taymor, produced by Disney Theatrical Productions, and written by the co-director of the original film, Roger Allers, with writer Irene Mecchi. The musical features actors in elaborate animal costumes, and complex puppetry, created by Taymor and Michael Curry. The musical is divided in two acts and has music by Elton John and lyrics by Tim Rice, along with the musical score created by Hans Zimmer with choral arrangements by Lebo M. The musical incorporates several changes and additions to the storyline as compared to the film, as well as adding more songs. The musical became a success

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: the boats are decorated in the colors of the musical and are named after characters in the musical (such as "Nala" and its sister ship "Rafiki"). A Dutch production of the show was produced by Joop van den Ende Theaterproducties/Stage Entertainment and Disney Theatrical Group and played at the Circustheater in Scheveningen and ran from April 4, 2004, until August 27, 2006, replaced by another Disney musical, "Tarzan". A revival of the show's Dutch production began performances in the same Circustheater in October 2016. The show's French production debuted in Paris on September 22, 2007, in Stage Entertainment's Théâtre Mogador.

title: Ace (musical)

text: with "The Lion King". Parts of "Ace" were shown at the National Alliance for Musical Theatre's (NAMT) Festival of New Musicals in New York in September 2005. Cheyenne Jackson starred as Ace, with Christiane Noll featured. The musical debuted at The Repertory Theatre of St. Louis, Missouri, September 6 through October 1, 2006. It was directed by Stafford Arima and choreographed by Andrew Palermo. It then played at Playhouse in the Park in Cincinnati, Ohio, from October 17 through November 17, 2006. This production was also directed by Arima and choreographed by Palermo. Another production by the same team played

title: The Lion King (musical)

text: Rafiki, marking the first time in years a completely new actress was elected for that role. A Brazilian production was confirmed to debut in São Paulo in March 28, 2013. Auditions took place in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador. The cast contained mainly Brazilian actors and seven South African actors. The Portuguese lyrics were translated by Brazilian singer Gilberto Gil. Actress Phindile Mkhize, who had previously performed in many of the show's productions, was selected as Rafiki for this production, leaving in October 2013 and being replaced by Ntsepa Pitjeng. The show closed its doors on December 14,

title: The Legend of the Lion King

text: songs from the movie. The show debuted in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom on July 8, 1994; taking place in the same theater that is currently being used for Mickey's PhilharMagic show in Fantasyland. The Legend of The Lion King replaced the 3-D movie "Magic Journeys", which was shown in the Fantasyland Theater for 6 years from December 1987 through December 1993. This show featured what Disney describes as “Disney Humanimals” which are “larger-than-life figures that look just like their animated film counterparts”. The Mufasa Disney Humanimal measured seven feet long from tail to tip, six feet tall, and was

title: 62nd Tony Awards

text: cast of "The Lion King" opened the show with a performance "Circle of Life", celebrating the show's 10th anniversary. The cast of "Grease", featuring Max Crumm and Laura Osnes as Danny and Sandy, then performed "Grease" and "We Go Together". Patti LuPone performed "Everything's Coming Up Roses" with Boyd Gaines and Laura Benanti from "Gypsy". This was followed by the cast of "South Pacific" in a medley of "There Is Nothin' Like A Dame", "Some Enchanted Evening", and "(I'm in Love with) a Wonderful Guy". Daniel Evans and Jenna Russell sang "Move On" from "Sunday in the Park with George".

title: Touring Broadway Awards

text: manager of "The Lion King" Best New Musical: "Wicked" Best Play: "Golda's Balcony" Author: William Gibson Best Production Design: "Wicked" Scenic Design: Eugene Lee Costume Design: Susan Hilferty Lighting Design: Kenneth Posner Best Musical Score: "Wicked" Music and Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz Best Direction: Jack O'Brien for "Hairspray" Best Choreography: Ann Reinking for "Chicago" Best Long-Running Musical: "Les Misérables" Best New Musical: "Monty Python's Spamalot" Best Play: "Doubt" Author: John Patrick Shanley Best Production Design: "Monty Python's Spamalot" Scenic and Costume Design: Tim Hatley Lighting Design: Hugh Vanstone Best Musical Score: "The Light in the Piazza" Music and Lyrics: Adam Guettel

title: Varsity Show

text: of the 107th Annual Varsity Show. He later received a Tony Award nomination for his performance of Harpo in "The Color Purple". He also originated the role of Simba in the national tour of "The Lion King". In 2008, the award was presented to Tom Kitt (CC '96) and Brian Yorkey (CC '93). For their musical "Next To Normal," featuring music by Kitt and book/lyrics by Yorkey, the pair won the 2009 Tony Award for Best Original Score and the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. While at Columbia, the duo wrote the music, lyrics, and book to the 100th Annual

title: New Amsterdam Theatre

text: millions of dollars, to restore it to its original use and grandeur. The roof garden remained closed when inspectors discovered that it could not meet modern building codes. The New Amsterdam was officially reopened on April 2, 1997. In November 1997, after the premiere of the film "Hercules" and a limited engagement of a concert version of "King David", Disney's stage version of "The Lion King" opened. On June 4, 2006, "The Lion King" closed in The New Amsterdam Theatre, moving two blocks uptown to the Minskoff Theatre on June 13, 2006. "Mary Poppins" began previews at the New Amsterdam

title: Julie Taymor

text: Julie Taymor Julie Taymor (born December 15, 1952) is an American director of theater, opera and film. In 1997 her adaptation of "The Lion King" debuted, becoming the most successful stage musical of all time – 24 global productions have been seen by more than 90 million people. Having played over 100 cities in 19 countries, The Lion King's worldwide gross exceeds that of any entertainment title in box office history. It received 11 Tony Award nominations, earning Taymor Best Director and Costume Designer, and was honored more than 70 major arts awards worldwide. Taymor was born in Newton, Massachusetts,

title: Lyceum Theatre, London

text: The theatre has been home to the musical theatre version of "The Lion King" since 1999. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the production, which has grossed over £289 million and been seen by more than eight million people, 250 former cast members gathered onstage, together with designer-director Julie Taymor. Prime Minister David Cameron and actor James Earl Jones, who voiced the role of King Mufasa in the original Disney animated film, attended the performance. Sources: Lyceum Theatre, London The Lyceum Theatre (pronounced ly-CEE-um) is a 2,100-seat West End theatre located in the City of Westminster, on Wellington Street, just

title: Tarzan (musical)

text: Edgar Rice Burroughs, attended the opening night party, as did Phil Collins. The production was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Lighting Design of a Musical (Natasha Katz). Due to poor ticket sales, the show closed on July 8, 2007 after 35 previews and 486 performances. The musical follows the plot of the Disney film, with a few minor changes. Terk, who was a female in the film, is a male in the musical. The major character of Tantor the elephant is cut from the musical. Off of the West African coast, a young English couple and their newborn

title: The Wiz

text: Iglehart as the Lion, Orlando Jones (succeeded by Colman Domingo) as The Wiz, and LaChanze as Aunt Em and Glinda. A major British revival of the musical was produced in 2011 by the Birmingham Repertory Theatre (however performed at the New Alexandra Theatre due to The REP's refurbishment) in a co-production with the West Yorkshire Playhouse, re-locating Kansas to present day Birmingham This production was directed by Josette Bushell-Mingo, with choreography by Paul J. Medford. The first German-speaking production will be produced in Linz/Austria in the new Musiktheater Linz. The production will be directed and choreographed by Kim Duddy. The

title: The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)

text: financially successful entertainment event until "The Lion King" surpassed it in 2014. By 2011, it had been seen by over 130 million people in 145 cities across 27 countries, and continues to play in London and New York. In 1984, Lloyd Webber contacted Cameron Mackintosh, the co-producer of "Cats" and "Song and Dance", to propose a new musical. He was aiming for a romantic piece, and suggested Gaston Leroux's book "The Phantom of the Opera" as a basis. They screened both the 1925 Lon Chaney and the 1943 Claude Rains motion picture versions, but neither saw any effective way to

title: The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)

text: Jackson Browne, Roger Daltrey and Nathan Lane played the Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion, respectively. Debra Winger was the Wicked Witch. A cast album was made that includes more of the music from the show than the 1989 RSC recording as well as some dialogue. The Madison Square Garden, New York production opened in May 1997 for 48 performances. Co-produced by the Paper Mill Playhouse, it used a shorter version of the show, 90 minutes long, and score designed for younger audiences. Directed by Paper Mill artistic director Robert Johanson, the cast included Roseanne Barr as the Wicked Witch of

title: The Lion King (franchise)

text: in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family. Other productions within the U.S. include a Los Angeles production at the Pantages Theatre, at Charlotte in the Blumenthal Performing Arts Center, and a Las Vegas production at Mandalay Bay. International productions include a British at the Lyceum Theatre in London, a Canadian at the Princess of Wales Theatre in Toronto, a Mexican in Mexico City, and a South African in Johannesburg, among others. The first ever UK tour opened at Bristol Hippodrome on August 31, 2012. Two video games based on the first film have been released. The

title: Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

text: of the original. This was followed by a spin-off television series, "Sing Me a Story with Belle". An IMAX version of the film was released in 2002, and included "Human Again", a new five-minute musical sequence that was previously included in the 1994 musical. That same year, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". After the success of the 3D re-release of "The Lion King", the film was reissued in 3D in 2012. A live-action adaptation of the film directed by Bill Condon was

title: Kat and the Kings

text: apartheid force them to use the rear entrance) and a recording contract. The show was inspired by the memories of Salie Daniels, the real-life Kat who appeared as the narrator in the original production. After touring South Africa, the show was invited to the Tricycle Theatre in Kilburn in November 1997, and returned to that venue prior to its opening in the West End. Directed by Kramer and choreographed by Loukmaan Adams and Jody Abrahams, it opened on March 23, 1998 at the Vaudeville Theatre, where it ran for slightly more than four months. In addition to Daniels, the cast

title: The Lion King (musical)


question: when was the movie the wizard of oz made

answers: 1939

answers: August 25, 1939

title: The Wizard of Oz (1933 film)

text: by Carl W. Stalling. The film was originally made in Technicolor, but because it was made without proper licensing from the Technicolor Corporation (which limited use of its 3-strip process to Disney), it never received a theatrical release. A tornado sweeps through the plains of Kansas, lifting Dorothy and Toto. The two tumble into Oz, landing on the Scarecrow. After freeing him from his pole, the trio stroll together, soon finding a Tin Woodman and oiling him. After the four watch mating rituals of various animals set to strains of Camille Saint-Saëns's "The Swan", they are welcomed into the Emerald

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: it left the stage and an unsuccessful motion picture made in 1978, starring Diana Ross as Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow. In 1985, Walt Disney Productions released the live-action fantasy film "Return to Oz", which starred (and introduced) Fairuza Balk as a young Dorothy Gale. Based loosely on "The Marvelous Land of Oz" (1904) and "Ozma of Oz" (1907), it fared rather poorly with critics who were unfamiliar with the "Oz" books and was not successful at the box office, although it has since become a popular cult film, with many considering it a more loyal and faithful

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: written at the age of 10, was titled "Over the Rainbow". In a 2009 retrospective article about the film, "San Francisco Chronicle" film critic and author Mick LaSalle declared that the film's "entire Munchkinland sequence, from Dorothy's arrival in Oz to her departure on the yellow brick road, has to be one of the greatest in cinema history – a masterpiece of set design, costuming, choreography, music, lyrics, storytelling, and sheer imagination." On the film critic aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 98% based on 111 reviews, with an average score of 9.4/10. The site's

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: should have no trouble apprehending Dorothy and her friends because "I've sent a little insect on ahead to take the fight out of them." Another musical number cut before release occurred right after the Wicked Witch of the West was melted and before Dorothy and her friends returned to the Wizard. This was a reprise of "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" (blended with "We're Off to See the Wizard" and "The Merry Old Land of Oz") with the lyrics altered to "Hail! Hail! The Witch is Dead!" This started with the Witch's guard saying "Hail to Dorothy! The Wicked Witch

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: in his or her costume so that they could correctly apply the same costume and makeup each day of production. Gale Sondergaard was originally cast as the Wicked Witch. She became unhappy when the witch's persona shifted from sly and glamorous (thought to emulate the wicked queen in Disney's "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs") into the familiar "ugly hag". She turned down the role and was replaced on October 10, 1938, just three days before filming started, by MGM contract player Margaret Hamilton. Sondergaard said in an interview for a bonus feature on the DVD that she had no

title: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)

text: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film) The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1910 American silent fantasy film and the earliest surviving film version of L. Frank Baum's 1900 novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", made by the Selig Polyscope Company without Baum's direct input. It was created to fulfill a contractual obligation associated with Baum's personal bankruptcy caused by "The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays", from which it was once thought to have been derived. It was partly based on the 1902 stage musical "The Wizard of Oz", though much of the film deals with the Wicked Witch of the

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: the 3D version received a PG rating for "Some scary moments", although no change was made to the film's original story content. The 2D version still retains its G rating. The film was rereleased on January 11 and 14, 2015, as part of the "TCM Presents" series by Turner Classic Movies. The film was first shown on television on November 3, 1956, by CBS, as the last installment of the "Ford Star Jubilee". The film was released multiple times for the home-video commercial market (on a limited scale) on Super 8 film (8 mm format) during the 1970s. These releases

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: in honor of its 70th anniversary and as a promotion for various new disc releases later in the month. An encore of this event was released in theaters on November 17, 2009. An IMAX 3D theatrical re-release played at 300 theaters in North America for one week only beginning September 20, 2013, as part of the film's 75th anniversary. Warner Bros. spent $25 million on advertising. The studio hosted a premiere of the film's first IMAX 3D release on September 15, 2013, from the newly remodeled TCL Chinese Theatre (formerly Grauman's Chinese Theatre, the site of the film's Hollywood premiere)

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: Harlow as a loan from MGM. The tale is almost certainly untrue, as Harlow died in 1937, before MGM had even purchased the rights to the story. Despite this, the story appears in many film biographies (including Temple's own autobiography). The documentary "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: The Making of a Movie Classic" states that Mervyn LeRoy was under pressure to cast Temple, then the most popular child star, but at an unofficial audition, MGM musical mainstay Roger Edens listened to her sing and felt that an actress with a different style was needed; a 50th anniversary documentary for the

title: The Muppets' Wizard of Oz

text: a singer somewhere beyond her small Kansas town. Swept up by a tornado, in her trailer home with pet prawn Toto, she lands in Oz and embarks on a journey to meet the Wizard who can help make her dreams come true. The film was co-produced by The Muppets Studio, Touchstone Television, and Fox Television Studios, in association with The Jim Henson Company. Right after Disney bought the rights to The Muppets in 2004, pre-production on "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz" took place throughout February 2004, and filming occurred during September 2004. ABC made several changes to the film after

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: critical consensus reads, "An absolute masterpiece whose groundbreaking visuals and deft storytelling are still every bit as resonant, "The Wizard of Oz" is a must-see film for young and old." At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film received the maximum score of 100 out of 100, based on 4 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim", which, as of August 2017, is matched only by five other films. Although the 1949 reissue used sepia tone, as in the original release, beginning with the 1955 re-issue, and continuing until the film's 50th anniversary VHS release in 1989, the opening Kansas

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: European markets, the film has also been released multiple times on the Video CD format since the 1990s in Asia. The first DVD release was on March 26, 1997, by MGM/Turner and contained no special features or supplements. It was re-released by Warner Bros. for its 60th anniversary on October 19, 1999, with its soundtrack presented in a new 5.1 surround sound mix. The DVD also contained a behind-the-scenes documentary, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: The Making of a Movie Classic", produced in 1990 and hosted by Angela Lansbury, which was originally shown on television immediately following the 1990 telecast

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: sequences. This left the final, mostly serious portion of the film with no songs, only the dramatic underscoring. One song that was almost deleted was "Over the Rainbow". MGM had felt that it made the Kansas sequence too long, as well as being far over the heads of the target audience of children. The studio also thought that it was degrading for Garland to sing in a barnyard. LeRoy, uncredited associate producer Arthur Freed and director Fleming fought to keep it in, and they all eventually won. The song went on to win the Academy Award for Best Song of

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14. "The Wizard of Oz" is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but uncredited contributions were made by others. The songs were written by Edgar "Yip" Harburg (lyrics) and Harold Arlen (music). The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart. Dorothy Gale lives with her Cairn Terrier dog Toto on the Kansas farm of her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry. Toto bites witchy neighbor Miss Almira

title: The Making of The Wizard of Oz

text: and 1940s at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The book took two years to be created. Aljean Harmetz researched the film and the studio and interviewed the surviving cast, crew and MGM staff. From the acquisition of the music to the scripts, casting, and filming, Harmetz's book provides readers with a detailed re-creation of how the studio produced this film. It was reissued in paperback in 1984, and again with a new preface by the author for the film's 50th anniversary in 1989. Another reissue was released, again with a new preface, shortly before the film's theatrical re-release in 1998, and another reissue is

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: is dead!" and dissolved to a huge celebration of the citizens of the Emerald City singing the song as they accompany Dorothy and her friends to see the Wizard. Today, the film of this scene is also lost and only a few stills survive, along with a few seconds of footage used on several reissue trailers. The entire audio still exists and is included on the two-CD Rhino Record deluxe edition of the film soundtrack. In addition, a brief reprise of "Over the Rainbow" was intended to be sung by Garland while Dorothy is trapped in the Witch's castle, but

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: attention was given to the use of color in the production, with the MGM production crew favoring some hues over others. Consequently, it took the studio's art department almost a week to settle on the final shade of yellow used for the yellow brick road. LeRoy had always insisted that he wanted to cast Judy Garland to play Dorothy from the start; however, evidence suggests that negotiations occurred early in pre-production for Shirley Temple to be cast as Dorothy, on loan from 20th Century Fox. A persistent rumor also existed that Fox, in turn, was promised Clark Gable and Jean

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: in Hollywood. It was the first to play at the new theater and served as the grand opening of Hollywood's first 3D IMAX screen. It was also shown as a special presentation at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. This re-release grossed $5.6 million at the North American box office. In 2013, in preparation for its IMAX 3D release, the film was submitted again to the MPAA for re-classification. According to MPAA rules, a film that has been altered in any way from its original version must be submitted for re-classification, as the 3-D conversion fell within that guideline. Surprisingly,

title: The Wizard of Oz on television

text: of Oz: The Official 50th Anniversary Pictorial History). The reason that the film did not air in December 1963 has never been stated, but some say that it was because of John F. Kennedy's assassination, others say room needed to be made for more Christmas themed specials and that the movie fit in better during January. For whatever reason, the movie continued to air early in the year rather than late in the year from 1964 until the 1990s. Last airing on CBS until 1976. Moved to NBC in 1968, at this time, the showings were moved from midwinter to

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: that had been written by Harold Arlen and Yip Harburg. Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf submitted a script and were brought on board to touch up the writing. They would be responsible for making sure the story stayed true to the Baum book. However, producer Arthur Freed was unhappy with their work and reassigned it to Langley. During filming, Victor Fleming and John Lee Mahin revised the script further, adding and cutting some scenes. In addition, Jack Haley and Bert Lahr are known to have written some of their own dialogue for the Kansas sequence. The final draft of

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: better suit Dorothy's initial meeting with the Scarecrow (initially, it was to contrast with his lively manner in Thorpe's footage), and was rerecorded as such. At first thought to be lost for over seven decades, a recording of this original version was rediscovered in 2009. Cukor did not actually shoot any scenes for the film, merely acting as something of a "creative advisor" to the troubled production, and, because of his prior commitment to direct "Gone with the Wind", he left on November 3, 1938, when Victor Fleming assumed directorial responsibility. As director, Fleming chose not to shift the film

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: earning only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget, not including promotional costs, which made it MGM's most expensive production at that time. The 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the public; watching it became an annual tradition and, according to the Library of Congress, it is the most seen film in movie history. It was among the first 25 films that inaugurated the National Film Registry list in 1989. It is also one of the few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film is among the top ten in

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: for the sequence in which the group is journeying to the Witch's castle. Due to time constraints, the song was cut from the final theatrical version. The film footage for the song has been lost, although silent home film footage of rehearsals for the number has survived. The sound recording for the song, however, is intact and was included in the two-CD Rhino Records deluxe edition of the film soundtrack, as well as on the VHS and DVD editions of the film. A reference to "The Jitterbug" remains in the film: the Witch remarks to her flying monkeys that they

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: sequences were shown in black and white instead of the sepia tone as originally printed. (This includes television showings.) The MGM "Children's Matinees" series rereleased the film twice, in both 1970 and 1971. It was for this release that the film received a G rating from the MPAA. For the film's then-upcoming 60th anniversary, Warner Bros. Pictures released a "Special Edition" on November 6, 1998, digitally restored with remastered audio. In 2002, the film had a very limited re-release in U.S. theaters, earning only $139,905. On September 23, 2009, the film was rereleased in select theaters for a one-night-only event

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: to MGM records, during the film's initial release, it earned $2,048,000 in the US and Canada and $969,000 in other countries throughout the world, resulting in total earnings of $3,017,000. While these were considerable earnings, the high production cost, in association with various distribution and other costs, meant the movie initially recorded a loss of $1,145,000 for the studio. It did not show what MGM considered a profit until a 1949 re-release earned an additional $1.5 million (about $ million today). However, for all the risks and cost that MGM undertook to produce the film, it was considered at least

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: play the little girl who Baum originally intended his Dorothy to be. Russell Maloney of "The New Yorker" wrote that the film displayed "no trace of imagination, good taste, or ingenuity" and declared it "a stinkeroo," while Otis Ferguson of "The New Republic" wrote, "It has dwarfs, music, Technicolor, freak characters, and Judy Garland. It can't be expected to have a sense of humor, as well – and as for the light touch of fantasy, it weighs like a pound of fruitcake soaking wet." Still, the film placed seventh on "Film Daily"'s year-end nationwide poll of 542 critics naming the

title: The Wizard of Oz on television

text: was that CBS no longer began the movie before normal prime time. Before 1976, when run on a day other than Sunday, NBC took back the 7 p.m. Eastern / 6 p.m. Central time slots from affiliates to run the movie early enough so children could see it before bedtime. Also, prior to 1968, CBS always took the 6 p.m. hour to run the movie early. Logic was that times have changed and children now stay up a little later than they did in the past. From then on, if shown in a Sunday 6 to 8 or 7 to

title: The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)

text: the book for the adaptation. This hews even more closely to the film's screenplay than the 1945 MUNY version and attempts to recreate the film's atmosphere and some of its special effects. A young girl, Dorothy Gale, lives on a farm in Kansas with her Aunt Em, Uncle Henry and little dog Toto. Feeling unappreciated, she dreams of a far away place ("Over the Rainbow"). Miss Gulch, their unpleasant neighbor, serves Dorothy with a summons to take Toto away. He escapes from her bicycle basket, and Dorothy runs away from home with him. On the road, they find a showman,

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: attributes, including a wizard from Omaha, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" has universal appeal." The film was one inductee of a group of 25 films that inaugurated in 1989 the National Film Registry list, based on at least it being declared by the Library of Congress as the most viewed film on television syndication. In June 2007, the film was listed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film placed at number 86 on Bravo's "100 Scariest Movie Moments". In 1977, Aljean Harmetz wrote "The Making of The Wizard of Oz", a detailed description of the creation of the

title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

long_answer: The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left production to take over direction on the troubled Gone with the Wind production). It stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale, alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, Frank Morgan, Billie Burke and Margaret Hamilton, with Charley Grapewin, Pat Walshe and Clara Blandick, Terry (billed as Toto), and the Singer Midgets as the Munchkins.


question: when does the next apollo book come out

answers: May 1, 2018

title: The Hidden Oracle

text: at the Harvard Book Store on the day of publication. "The Hidden Oracle" was released in the United States by Disney-Hyperion on May 3, 2016. An audiobook, narrated by Robbie Daymond, was published on the same date by Books on Tape. On May 4, Thorndike Press published a large-print edition in hardcover. The book also received e-book and paperback versions, and has been translated into 19 languages. For the first printing, Disney-Hyperion offered different gifts that varied according to where the book was purchased: a letter from Apollo to Zeus at Barnes & Noble, an illustrated map of Apollo's trials

title: The Trials of Apollo

text: It will be released in October 2019, and the story will be set in the Bay Area, most likely around Camp Jupiter. A companion book titled "From Percy Jackson: Camp Half-Blood Confidential" was released on May 2, 2017. The Trials of Apollo The Trials of Apollo is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure and mythological fiction novels written by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel to the "Heroes of Olympus" series. It is set in the same world as other Riordan tales, and references characters and happenings from earlier series. A supplementary book, "Camp Half-Blood Confidential", has also

title: The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland

text: on Pyralidae and Pterophoridae, and volume 8 on Geometridae. At the same time they took over the remaining stock of the previous seven volumes of the series. From 1 January 2013, Apollo Books announced that all Harley Books titles and the majority of the Apollo Books titles, have been taken over by the Dutch publisher Brill Publishers. The change was necessary to ensure that the book series can continue to be published in the years ahead Eleven volumes were originally planned in total. So far, volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10 have been published. Volumes 4,

title: Midnighter and Apollo

text: secondary role in comparison to Midnighter has been somewhat criticized. The title was first announced as a six-issue series in June 2016. The first issue was announced for an October 5, 2016 release. On writing the series, Orlando stated that ""Midnighter and Apollo" is the book we need right now. Comics’ most iconic queer couple face down a new enemy and show us that we can never give in to fear, hatred, and evil—and they do it with their own brand of action-movie wit and punching." One of the things Orlando wanted to explore when writing the series is examining

title: The Trials of Apollo

text: The Burning Maze is the third book in the series. It is scheduled to be released on May 1, 2018.

title: Camp Half-Blood chronicles

text: in the horizon. The book was released on October 7, 2014. "The Trials of Apollo" is a five-part series of books written by Rick Riordan. It chronicles the life of Apollo after his being made mortal by Zeus as a punishment for his actions during the Second Gigantomachy. The first book "The Hidden Oracle," was published on May 3, 2016. It also features most of the characters from "The Heroes of Olympus" and "Percy Jackson and the Olympians" series. "The Hidden Oracle" is the first book in "The Trials of Apollo" series. It features Apollo as a 16 year old

title: The Trials of Apollo

text: The Trials of Apollo The Trials of Apollo is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure and mythological fiction novels written by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel to the "Heroes of Olympus" series. It is set in the same world as other Riordan tales, and references characters and happenings from earlier series. A supplementary book, "Camp Half-Blood Confidential", has also been released in addition to the main series. The first book in the series, "The Hidden Oracle", was released on May 3, 2016. The second book in the series, "The Dark Prophecy", was released on May 2, 2017.

text: Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume One: From Fear Through the Eyes of Madness (comics) Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume One: From Fear Through the Eyes of Madness is a graphic novel released in September of 2005 along with the Coheed and Cambria . It is written by Claudio Sanchez, illustrated by Christopher Shy, and published by Evil Ink Comics The story of Good Apollo takes a step outside the science fiction narrative of the first three chapters and examines the life of the Writer, a character who is crafting the lives of the protagonist Claudio and

title: Midnighter and Apollo

text: Midnighter and Apollo Midnighter and Apollo is a six-issue American comic book limited series published by DC Comics. It is written by Steve Orlando and illustrated by Fernando Blanco, with covers by ACO. The series debuted on October, 2016 and finished in March, 2017. The story takes some time after the end of "Midnighter", with Midnighter and Apollo having gotten back together. Following a battle with demons, Apollo's soul is dragged to Hell and Midnighter attempts to bring him back. The series was announced shortly after the cancellation of "Midnighter", that came with the end of "The New 52" continuity

title: The Amory Wars

text: has been abandoned), and the graphic novel "Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume One: From Fear Through The Eyes Of Madness" illustrated by Christopher Shy, which tells the story of the first volume of Chapter 4. The first issue of "The Second Stage Turbine Blade" is now out of print, and the second is in limited supply. The "Good Apollo" graphic novel is no longer in print and are limited as well. Recently, The Amory Wars Sketchbook, an intro piece, has been sold in limited release. During an interview, Claudio explained that the whole series would be re-done chronologically

title: Apollo's Arrow

text: Apollo's Arrow Apollo’s Arrow: The Science of Prediction and the Future of Everything is a non-fiction book about prediction written by Canadian author and mathematician David Orrell. The book was initially published in Canada by HarperCollins in 2007, and was a national bestseller. It was published in the United States as "The Future of Everything: The Science of Prediction", and translated versions were also published in Japan, South Korea and China. The book was taught as part of a university course in “Forecasting via Mathematical Modeling” at Gustavus Adolphus College in 2009. In this book, Orrell explains the science of

title: The Hidden Oracle

text: Daymond’s performance, saying that "Riordan's funny writing and Daymond's narration make sure the listener is always on Apollo's side as he learns how to manage without his godly gifts." "The Hidden Oracle" won the Goodreads Choice Award for the Middle Grade and Children's Fiction of 2016. The second book of "The Trials of Apollo" is titled "The Dark Prophecy" and was announced by Riordan on May 5, 2016. The cover and the first chapter were released on December 22, 2016. "The Dark Prophecy" was released on May 2, 2017 and sold 63,000 copies in the first week. The Hidden Oracle

title: The Hidden Oracle

text: in the new series. Because Apollo is the god of poetry, the name of each chapter would be a "bad haiku". The cover, illustrated by John Rocco, was revealed on October 10, 2015; it shows the two versions of Apollo in an alley of New York City. Two months later, on December 10, the third chapter was made available for free download by "USA Today". The first chapter was released along with the collection of short stories "Demigods & Magicians" on April 5, 2016. In addition, three trailers were released on YouTube to promote the book. A launch event occurred

title: Apollo (comics)

text: Apollo (comics) Apollo is a fictional character, a comic book superhero who first appeared in the "Stormwatch" series, but is best known for his role in "The Authority". While visually distinct, Apollo is cast in the mould of the Superman archetype. Apollo is notable for being among the first openly gay superheroes in print, although several years behind Marvel Comics' Northstar. He married fellow The Authority member Midnighter and both adopted Jenny Quantum. Warren Ellis introduced the character shortly after taking over writing duties on the "Stormwatch" title, when he had Apollo and Midnighter encounter the then-active Stormwatch team. The

title: The Burning Maze

text: & Roman Myths & Legends bestseller list and the Kindle ebook at 1 on the Teen & Young Adult Sword & Sorcery Fantasy eBooks list. The next week, the book was the 6th sold among fiction novels on Amazon. It debuted at 5 on the "USA Today" bestseller list. On "The Wall Street Journal" fiction bestseller list, the book debuted at 2. In the first week of release, "The Trials of Apollo" series was 2 on "The New York Times" bestseller list. In the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations, English-language editions in hardcover were also released May 1 by

text: the cryptic message "You're Burning Star IV." He also tells Claudio to listen to the Vishual (Chase) and that "all worlds from here must burn," implying that it is the Crowing's duty to destroy the Keywork. Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume One: From Fear Through the Eyes of Madness (comics) Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume One: From Fear Through the Eyes of Madness is a graphic novel released in September of 2005 along with the Coheed and Cambria . It is written by Claudio Sanchez, illustrated by Christopher Shy, and published by Evil Ink Comics The

title: The Hidden Oracle

text: the help of Percy and the other campers, Apollo defeats the statue by hitting it with a plague-enchanted arrow. The next morning, Leo Valdez and Calypso return to Camp Half-Blood, and the two offer to help Apollo in his quest to rescue the Oracle of Trophonius from Triumvirate Holdings. In October 2015, during the promotional tour for "The Sword of Summer", the first book in the "Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard" series, Rick Riordan announced that he was working on a new series of five books based on Apollo. The first novel was titled "The Hidden Oracle" and

title: Midnighter and Apollo

text: the characterization department has only continued to increase since the first issue - for a title called Midnighter and Apollo, the latter character still doesn't feel as wonderfully defined as his dark, brooding and witty counterpart. But if having too much Midnighter is the worst complaint I can give, I think this book is still in the running for one of the best superhero titles of the week." The series has also been nominated for Outstanding Comic Book in 28th GLAAD Media Awards. Midnighter and Apollo Midnighter and Apollo is a six-issue American comic book limited series published by DC

title: The Burning Maze

text: Grover Underwood, Apollo goes to the Labyrinth in search of the Oracle of Erythaea, the next Oracle to be rescued. The novel was published in hardcover, audiobook, ebook, and large-print editions and the cover was illustrated by John Rocco. "The Burning Maze" received positive reviews from critics, who praised Apollo's narration and the book's humor. It was a bestseller on Amazon. The book opens two days after the close of the preceding novel, "The Dark Prophecy". During this period, Apollo, Meg McCaffrey, and Grover Underwood have been navigating the Labyrinth. They escape from attacking strixes sent by the third emperor

title: Beyond Apollo

text: in 1973. Beyond Apollo Beyond Apollo is a science fiction novel by American writer Barry N. Malzberg, first published in 1972 in a hardcover edition by Random House. Malzberg credits the inspiration for the novel to "I Have My Vigil", a 1969 short story by fellow science fiction writer Harry Harrison. The novel's protagonist is Harry M. Evans, the lone survivor of the disastrous first manned expedition to the planet Venus. Evans provides details of the doomed expedition as a novel in progress, and he proves to be a remarkably unreliable narrator, constantly changing the particulars of his story as

title: The Dark Prophecy

text: ended, wherein Apollo continues his search as a human teenager to restore the Oracles of Ancient Greece that have gone dark in order to regain his immortality. Along with Meg McCaffrey, he journeys to the Oracle of Trophonius in Indianapolis and later settles his personal feud with Commodus, the second Emperor of the Triumvirate Holdings. The novel received positive reviews from critics for its slow pace, humor and diverse characters. During its first week of release, "The Dark Prophecy" sold about 63,000 copies, reaching the top of "The New York Times" and "Publishers Weekly" bestseller lists. Six weeks after losing

title: Beyond Apollo

text: Beyond Apollo Beyond Apollo is a science fiction novel by American writer Barry N. Malzberg, first published in 1972 in a hardcover edition by Random House. Malzberg credits the inspiration for the novel to "I Have My Vigil", a 1969 short story by fellow science fiction writer Harry Harrison. The novel's protagonist is Harry M. Evans, the lone survivor of the disastrous first manned expedition to the planet Venus. Evans provides details of the doomed expedition as a novel in progress, and he proves to be a remarkably unreliable narrator, constantly changing the particulars of his story as it progresses.

title: Maine Township, Cook County, Illinois

text: High School along with Gemini, which was originally known as East Maine Junior High School. This was during the baby-boom where area school enrollment was at an all-time high. Although today Apollo is now a primary school, the school is considerably larger than the other primary schools in the district. Apollo School is also the site for the district administrative offices and the TLC after school program. Over the years, some of the schools have closed and reopened due to population fluctuation and school building renovations. Today, the district contains a total of seven schools, and all school buildings in

title: The Trials of Apollo

text: reaches Camp Half-Blood, he sees that Nero sent a colossal statue of himself to destroy the camp. After regaining a few of his former powers, Apollo destroys the statue and promises to find Meg again. Just as the fight ends, Leo and Calypso (aboard Festus) arrive at the camp. The three realize that they must travel to free the next oracle. "The Dark Prophecy" is the second book in the series. It was released on May 2, 2017. The book continues the story of Apollo as the mortal Lester, as he leaves the safety of Camp Half-Blood and journeys across

title: North Apollo, Pennsylvania

text: North Apollo, Pennsylvania North Apollo is a borough in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,297 at the 2010 census. North Apollo is located along the Kiskiminetas River in southern Armstrong County at (40.593301, -79.557793). It is bordered by the borough of Apollo to the south and by the borough of East Vandergrift across the river to the west. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , of which is land and , or 9.22%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,426 people, 583 households, and 430

title: The Hidden Oracle

text: human teenager and thrown down from Olympus to New York City as a punishment by his father Zeus. Joined by the demigod Meg McCaffrey, Apollo goes to Camp Half-Blood, where he discovers that he will have to regain control of the five oracles of Ancient Greece in order to receive pardon from Zeus. The novel received positive reviews from critics, who praised Apollo's narration and the book's humor. During its first week of release, "The Hidden Oracle" sold about 62,000 copies, reaching the top of "The New York Times" and "Publishers Weekly" bestseller lists. It won the 2016 Goodreads Choice

title: Apollo-Ridge School District

text: Apollo-Ridge School District The Apollo-Ridge School District is a small rural public school district. Apollo-Ridge School District encompasses approximately spanning small portions of two counties. In Armstrong County it covers the Boroughs of Apollo and North Apollo and Kiskiminetas Township. In Indiana County it covers Young Township. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 11,202. In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $15,287, while the median family income was $39,070. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. Per District officials,

title: Ian Sales

text: the non-fiction category. His self-published novella "Adrift on the Sea of Rains", the first book of the Apollo Quartet, was described by the Guardian national newspaper as "one of the most outstanding self-published books of the year". It won the 2012 BSFA Award in the short fiction category, and was a finalist for the 2012 Sidewise Award for Alternate History Best Short-Form. The second book of the quartet, "The Eye With Which The Universe Beholds Itself", was published in early 2013, and the third book,"Then Will The Great Ocean Wash Deep Above", in late 2013. The final book of the

text: Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume Two: No World for Tomorrow Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume Two: No World for Tomorrow (often shortened to No World For Tomorrow), is the fourth studio album by American progressive rock band Coheed and Cambria, released on October 23, 2007. The album is a direct sequel to their previous album, "". The album comprises part four of band's "Amory Wars" narrative. It is the only album to feature Taylor Hawkins on drums, following the departure of Josh Eppard. The album is often marketed by the shortened title "No World for Tomorrow".

title: Apollo's Fire (book)

text: Apollo's Fire (book) Apollo's Fire: Igniting America's Clean Energy Economy is a 2007 book by Washington State Governor Jay Inslee and researcher Bracken Hendricks. Inslee first proposed an Apollo-scale program, designed to galvanize the nation around the urgent goal of solving the environmental and energy crisis, in the "Seattle Post-Intelligencer" in 2002. Eventually Inslee co-authored "Apollo's Fire", in which he says that through improved Federal policies the United States can wean itself off of its dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuel, create millions of Green-collar worker jobs, and stop global warming. Along these lines, he has been a prominent

title: The Trials of Apollo