question: where was because i could not stop for death published

answers: 1890

answers: Poems: Series 1

title: Because I could not stop for Death

text: poem has been set to music by Aaron Copland as the twelfth song of his song cycle "Twelve Poems of Emily Dickinson". And again, by John Adams as the second movement of his choral symphony "Harmonium", and also set to music by Nicholas J. White as a single movement piece for chorus and chamber orchestra. Natalie Merchant and Susan McKeown have created a song of the same name while preserving Dickinson's exact poem in its lyrics. Because I could not stop for Death "Because I could not stop for Death" is a lyrical poem by Emily Dickinson first published posthumously

title: Because I could not stop for Death

title: They Keep Killing Suzie

text: Emily Dickinson's poem, "Because I could not stop for death". Tosh realises that Suzie, before her suicide, had programmed the Hub's computer systems to react to Max, while Max was conditioned to carry out the murders and behave in this fashion if he did not receive the amnesia pill for three months, all part of a long game played by Suzie. They are forced to request help from Detective Swanson, using other works by Dickinson in Suzie's possessions to try to break the code. Tosh recognises that one of the books' ISBN numbers could be the code, and successfully disables

title: Ann Kelley

text: and lung transplant in December 1985. Ann began writing poetry years after Nathan's death and published "The Poetry Remedy" in 1999 and then "Paper Whites" in 2001. Ann's first novel, "The Burying Beetle", was published in 2005 by Luath Press Ltd and "Because We Have Reached That Place" (poetry) was published by Oversteps Books in 2006. Her most recent work, "The Bower Bird" (also published by Luath) won the 2007 Costa Book Awards Children's Book of the Year. Ann has said about her books: ‘Gussie just came to me. I don’t write for children, I write for a reader. It's

title: Christ Stopped at Eboli (film)

text: You Die", edited by Steven Schneider. Carlo Levi was a painter and writer, but he also had a degree in medicine. Arrested in 1935 by Mussolini's regime for his anti-Fascist activities, he was sent to live in a remote town in southern Italy, in the region of Lucania which is known today as Basilicata. The landscape was beautiful, the peasantry poor and neglected. Since the local doctors were not interested in peasants and not trusted by them, he began to help them. Christ Stopped at Eboli (film) Christ Stopped at Eboli () is a 1979 film adaptation of the book

title: Monalisa Changkija

text: poem "Not be dead" was written to honour his memory. Changkija founded the Nagaland Page in 1999. Focussing on issues affecting the state of Nagaland, she upset both the state government and the militants. An article published in her paper titled "State is a reality and sovereignty is a myth" led to demands from the terrorists that she disclose the author's name. When she refused, she was threatened with retribution. In 2004, bombing at Dimapur's Hong Kong market resulted in the deaths of hundreds. Changkija's impassioned "Child of Cain" was printed soon after. Changkija's 2014 book "Cogitating for a Better

title: American literature

text: American Literature", the English novelist D. H. Lawrence wrote that Whitman "was the first to smash the old moral conception that the soul of man is something 'superior' and 'above' the flesh." By contrast, Emily Dickinson lived the sheltered life of a genteel unmarried woman in small-town Amherst, Massachusetts. Her poetry is ingenious, witty, and penetrating. Her work was unconventional for its day, and little of it was published during her lifetime. Many of her poems dwell on the topic of death, often with a mischievous twist. One, "Because I could not stop for Death", begins, "He kindly stopped for

title: Amy Plum

text: and a 2013-14 South Carolina Young Adult Book Award Nominee. It is translated into German, French, Italian, Portuguese, Bulgarian, Czech, Norwegian, Russian, Slovak, Polish, Spanish, and Turkish. The sequel, "Until I Die", was published in 2012 and is translated into German, French, Italian, Portuguese, Bulgarian, Czech, Norwegian, Spanish, and Turkish. It was followed by a digital novella, "Die for Her", which has been referred to as "Die for Me 2.5", and is translated into German, French, Spanish, and Turkish. The series was completed in 2013 with "If I Should Die", wrapping up the love story of Kate and Vincent. "RT

title: Cory Taylor

text: Region in 2012. Her next book, "My Beautiful Enemy" (2013), was nominated for the Miles Franklin Award. As her health worsened, Taylor wrote her last book "Dying: A Memoir", which was published just before her death from melanoma-related brain cancer on 5 July 2016. It was shortlisted for the 2017 Stella Prize. Cory Taylor Cory Taylor (1955 – 5 July 2016) was an Australian writer. Taylor was born in Southport, Queensland and lived in Fiji and Kenya as a child. She studied history at the Australian National University, and then worked as a freelance film and television writer, with her

title: Because I could not stop for Death

title: Aloysius Bertrand

text: flyers announcing its upcoming publication but the project never came to end while Bertrand was alive. In 1840, he believed he was cured of the disease and started to write verse again. He tried at last to contact the publisher in hopes of finally publishing his manuscript on 5 October, but the publisher had stopped his activity. Sickness forced him to go back to the hospital on 11 March 1841. He died there in the morning on 29 April 1841. His close family, mother and sister, did not come to the hospital, nor did they attend his funeral. His mother

title: Charlotte Carmichael Stopes

text: Christine Brown Graham Carmichael and James Ferrier Carmichael, a landscape painter, who died of tuberculosis when Stopes was fourteen. She had the desire to become a writer, devising stories for her brothers and sisters when she was a child and at twenty-one publishing a collection, "Alice Errol and Other Tales". On completing the only schooling a young woman could then receive, she took posts as a governess, one of the few careers available to her, throughout the 1860s and early 1870s. In 1865 Sarah Mair founded the Ladies' Edinburgh Debating Society, which published a regular writing journal, "The Attempt". Charlotte

title: Where the Stress Falls

text: herself so publicly for sainthood." He added: Where the Stress Falls Where the Stress Falls, published in 2001, is the last collection of essays published by Susan Sontag before her death in 2004. The essays vary between her experiences in the theater ("Waiting for Godot in Sarajevo") to book reviews. "Where the Stress Falls" has been praised by literary critics. "Publishers Weekly" lauded Sontag as "first and foremost an essayist" and wrote, "Sontag's appetite for trends and achievements is still so fierce, and she switches subjects so quickly and lithely, that if one short essay does not convince, the next

title: Alice de Chambrier

text: Alice de Chambrier Alice de Chambrier (28 September 1861 – 20 December 1882) was a Swiss poet. She died from a diabetic coma at age 21, and her masterpiece is "Au-delà", an anthology of poems published by Philippe Godet. Alice de Chambrier was born on September 28, 1861 in Neuchâtel, to Alfred de Chambrier and Sophie de Sandol-Roy, belonging to a family who played some part in public affairs at the time. She was only one year old when she lost her mother. She grew up in Neuchâtel; vivacity and gentleness was her nature. She spent all her life in

title: Masako Bandō

text: be a case of suppression of freedom of speech. Masako Bandō She was awarded the prestigious Naoki Prize in 1996 for the novel "Yamahaha". Born in Sakawa, Takaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, she graduated from Nara Women's University, after which she studied for a while at the Polytechnic University of Milan. After returning to Japan, she became a freelance writer. She lived for some time in Tahiti and Lido di Venezia, and opened an Italian café in 2009 in her home province, Kōchi 。 After being diagnosed with tongue cancer in 2013, she died on January 27, 2014. In August 2006,

title: John Keats

text: again – my Life seems to stop there – I see no further. You have absorb'd me. I have a sensation at the present moment as though I was dissolving – I should be exquisitely miserable without the hope of soon seeing you ... I have been astonished that Men could die Martyrs for religion – I have shudder'd at it – I shudder no more – I could be martyr'd for my Religion – Love is my religion – I could die for that – I could die for you." Tuberculosis took hold and he was advised by his

title: Roland Barthes

text: Éditions du Seuil published "Journal de deuil" (Journal of Mourning), based on Barthes' files written from 26 November 1977 (the day following his mother's death) up to 15 September 1979, intimate notes on his terrible loss: He grieved his mother's death for the rest of his life: "Do not say mourning. It's too psychoanalytic. I'm not in mourning. I'm suffering." and "In the corner of my room where she had been bedridden, where she had died and where I now sleep, in the wall where her headboard had stood against I hanged an icon—not out of faith. And I always

title: To Die For (novel)

text: overflowing with suspense that will keep you on the edge of your seat." One user on the website "The Best Reviews" wrote that although she liked the book she found the "first person writing to be redundant." However she does like the book and calls Howard's writing "classy." To Die For (novel) "To Die For" is an American novel by Linda Howard. It was published in 2004 by Random House Publishing. It made the New York York Times Best Seller list. It is the first book in the Blair Mallory Series, followed by "Drop Dead Gorgeous". Blair Mallory is the

title: Toni Morrison

text: he had caused me to stop. 'Please, Mom, I'm dead, could you keep going . . . ?'" She completed "Home" and dedicated it to her son Slade Morrison. Published in 2012, it is the story of a Korean War veteran in the segregated United States of the 1950s, who tries to save his sister from brutal medical experiments at the hands of a white doctor. Oberlin College became in 2012 the home base of the Toni Morrison Society, an international literary society dedicated to scholarly research of Morrison's work. "God Help the Child", Morrison's eleventh novel, was published 2015.

title: Marga Boodts

text: (and the suspicion of surviving Romanov descendants) that had long plagued her rival Imperial pretender, the notorious Anna Anderson, who claimed to be the Grand Duchess Anastasia. In 1955 she signed a contract with Mondadori editorial of Italy to publish her memoirs "Io Vivo" (I am alive) as a book. In spite of the contract the book was never published in Italy but in Spain in 2011 by Editorial Martinez Roca becoming a sensational editorial success. Close friends of the Grand Duchess blamed The Vatican for interfering with the publication, due to a legal case pending at the Tribunal of

title: Vedrana Rudan

text: real-estate agency. Although a final court verdict was in her favour, she was prevented from returning to her job. She wrote for "Nacional", Croatia's biggest newspaper, until 2011. From 2010-15, she wrote about everyday themes on her very widely read blog called "How to die without stress" ("Kako umrijeti bez stresa"). She stopped writing her blog on 21 August 2015 as "all that we write about is hatred. I do not know anymore where are we, whether we are in 2015, 1991 or 1941. There is still active hunt on Serbs going on all wrapped up in a struggle for

title: Village Voice Media

text: 13-year-old boy for writing a Halloween essay featuring the shooting of a teacher and fellow students, "Stop the Madness" told readers that the same district attorney and county judge had just jailed a six-year-old girl for writing a book report on the children's classic "Where the Wild Things Are". The article alleged that school officials were "alarmed by acts of cannibalism, fanaticism and disorderly conduct" described in the report, and quoted a bailiff as saying, "It's not easy finding cuffs that small." It also included a response from the imaginary six-year-old protagonist: "Like, I'm sure. It's bad enough people think

title: Nadia Tueni

text: a country that commits suicide every day while it is being assassinated. As a matter of fact, I belong to a country that died several times. Why should I not die too of the gnawing, ugly, slow, and vicious death, of this Lebanese death?" Nadia Tueni died in Beit Meri near Beirut in 1983 after an 18-year battle with cancer. She was 47. She received several awards during her lifetime, including the Prix de l'Académie Française, the Order of La Pléiade, and the Prix Said Akl. Nadia Tueni Nadia Mohammad Ali Hamade (1935–1983) was a Lebanese Francophone poet, who authored

title: Banned for Life

text: book itself as an “engaging page turner.” Beyond the underground music press, the book received favorable Internet notice from such websites as Largehearted Boy, Three Guys One Book, and The Next Best Book Blog, where the reviewer said of it: “Once I started, I knew I was not going to want it to end. It called to me every time I put it down. It begged. It screamed. I savored every moment of it, and I dreaded reading that final sentence." Banned for Life Banned for Life is a novel by American writer D. R. Haney, published by And/Or Press

title: Suwanni Sukhontha

text: the death of Namphu, Suwanni said she had frequently been asked how she could allow her son to become addicted to drugs and such question had always rendered her speechless. Because of her son's death, she also blamed herself for being "incapable of raising a child". Suwanni later adapted his story into a novel called "Phra Chan Si Nam Ngoen" as a lesson for other parents. In its preface, she wrote: "When I kissed you for the last time, our tears blended together. I told you to rest in peace, my dear. From that day on, I live my spiritless

title: Biofilo Panclasta

text: entrance, not to trip over my cold, weak body. One of them felt with his hand my flesh, which did not shudder because I had already suffered all pain, and observing that I neither moved nor spoke, exclaimed sadly and softly, 'They hung this one in the Police Station and brought him to die here.'" Biófilo returned to the Venezuelan city of Valencia in 1914. There he was imprisoned giving a speech in praise of the French nation in a public square, days after the beginning of the First World War. The real reason he was imprisoned was the orders

title: Helen Cruickshank

text: life with her last unfinished poem being about a woman who cannot stop for death as she has too much to do. The BBC commissioned a programme in celebration of her 80th birthday, in 1966, and in 1969 her friends commissioned a bust by Vincent Butler, which is on display at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. She was awarded an honorary MA by Edinburgh University in 1971. Helen lived in Dinnieduff for over fifty years, she lived alone after her mother's death in 1940, and even though her health deteriorated she did not leave her home until it was completely

title: Masako Bandō

text: Masako Bandō She was awarded the prestigious Naoki Prize in 1996 for the novel "Yamahaha". Born in Sakawa, Takaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, she graduated from Nara Women's University, after which she studied for a while at the Polytechnic University of Milan. After returning to Japan, she became a freelance writer. She lived for some time in Tahiti and Lido di Venezia, and opened an Italian café in 2009 in her home province, Kōchi 。 After being diagnosed with tongue cancer in 2013, she died on January 27, 2014. In August 2006, in two separate essays in the Nihon Keizai Shimbun

title: Kendra Norman-Bellamy

text: lingering heartache of the death of her husband. Shortly thereafter, she wrote her first fictional manuscript, "For Love & Grace", published in 2002. She worked days and in the evenings she went to college at Valdosta Technical College (Valdosta, Georgia), where she majored in Information Office Technology and was inducted into the National Vocational Technical Honor Society. She was given a computer as a college graduation gift. Her life took many twists and turns during the years following Jimmy's death. Most of her true life experience is captured in two of her nonfiction published works, "I Shall Not Die" and

title: Bela Borsody Bevilaqua

text: danger of death. And I survived.” Fedor Ágnes went on to publish her book "Sárga Nárcisz". This book was a collection of her poems from 1939 through 1945. The journalist poet recorded the events of the persecution and the Holocaust in poems, together with comments on the political events. It was published in Budapest in 1945 by Magyar Téka Publishers. Bevilaqua Borsody Béla Borsody secretly wrote a book during World War II called Német Maszlag Othotól Adolf Hitlerig 972-1945 published in Budapest by Magyar Téka in 1945. Nemet Maszlag means “He will take no lies” and it is based on

title: Because I could not stop for Death

long_answer: The poem was published posthumously in 1890 in Poems: Series 1, a collection of Dickinson's poems assembled and edited by her friends Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson. The poem was published under the title "The Chariot". It is composed in six quatrains with the meter alternating between iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter. Stanzas 1, 2, 4, and 6 employ end rhyme in their second and fourth lines, but some of these are only close rhyme or eye rhyme. In the third stanza, there is no end rhyme, but "ring" in line 2 rhymes with "gazing" and "setting" in lines 3 and 4 respectively. Internal rhyme is scattered throughout. Figures of speech include alliteration, anaphora, paradox, and personification. The poem personifies Death as a gentleman caller who takes a leisurely carriage ride with the poet to her grave. She also personifies immortality. The volta (turn) happens in the fourth quatrain. Structurally, the syllables shift from its constant 8-6-8-6 scheme to 6-8-8-6. This parallels with the undertones of the sixth quatrain. The personification of death changes from one of pleasantry to one of ambiguity and morbidity: "Or rather--He passed Us-- / The Dews drew quivering and chill--" (13-14). The imagery changes from its original nostalgic form of children playing and setting suns to Death's real concern of taking the speaker to afterlife.


question: who does the vocals for feel it still

answers: Portugal. The Man

title: Feel (New York band)

text: Feel (New York band) Feel was a New York City-based studio urban-oriented dance-pop band, active between 1982 and 1983. Originally consisted of Players Association arrangers and music producers Chris Hills and Danny Weiss, while vocals were provided by Gail Freeman. Freeman later released two singles titled "Mr. Right" (in 1985) and "Danger In The Airwaves" (in 1989). Freeman also played clavinet on Aurra's album "Live and Let Live". Feel's first record was "I'd Like To", released by Sutra Records in the United States and by Buddah Records in United Kingdom. The single reached number 53 on the "Billboard" Top Dance

title: Feels (album)

text: ultimate reason we chose him. he's so good at exploring and pushing the limits of his instruments. he can master the pretty and melodic stuff, harsh noise music, trancey drones, etc." Engineer Scott Colburn also provided a few details about recording Feels on the Collected Animals message board (under the username "Scooter") "Feels started on tape and ended up in Nuendo...The vocals had effects on them, but they were no different than the effects used live. BUTT [sic], each vocal track was recorded with 6 microphones, thereby creating a whole new effect." The cover art is reminiscent of the work

title: Feel the Vibe

text: song already receiving major play in the clubs from summer 2004. Data Records contacted the hit songwriter McDonald to write and sing a top line for the UK release. She did this with her collaborator Tom Kent (who also recorded and produced the vocals) while McDonald handled the vocal arrangement. "Feel the Vibe" was re-released by Ministry of Sound in 2005 as "Feel the Vibe (Til the Morning Comes)". It peaked at #1 in the UK Dance Chart and at #16 in the UK Singles Chart in August 2005. It also charted at #16 in Finland, #62 in the Netherlandsand

title: Feel It Break

text: debut's most complete tracks, 'Spellwork' and 'The Villain'." "Feel It Break" was shortlisted for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize, but lost out to Arcade Fire's "The Suburbs". It was also nominated for Electronic Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2012. Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Feel It Break". Austra Additional personnel Feel It Break Feel It Break is the debut studio album by Canadian electronic music band Austra. It was released on May 13, 2011, by Domino. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, who complimented lead singer Katie Stelmanis's voice and compared

title: Do You Feel

text: Thiessen of Relient K, Ian Crawford and Cash Colligan formerly of The Cab, Forrest Kline of Hellogoodbye, Mike Herrera of MxPx, Alex Gaskarth of All Time Low, and Jonathan Cook of Forever The Sickest Kids. Do You Feel Do You Feel is The Rocket Summer's third full-length album, released on July 17, 2007 through Island Records. On this album, Bryce Avary incorporates more diverse instrumentation, including saxophone. Initially available on MySpace on July 10, the entire album was leaked onto the Internet on July 13. Following its release, the album debuted at number 44 on the U.S. "Billboard" 200, selling

title: Feel It All (Tokio Hotel song)

text: Feel It All (Tokio Hotel song) "Feel It All" is the second single from German rock band Tokio Hotel's fifth studio album Kings of Suburbia. It was released on 3 April 2015. The single includes the original version of "Feel It All", a live version performed at Brandenburg Gate, a remix made by a Los Angeles-based DJ Pionear and remix versions of the previous single Love Who Loves You Back by Pionear and Swedish electronic music duo Cazzette. The music video was shot in Berlin. It shows the life of a group of substance-dependent people. It reflects the real life

title: Feel (Namie Amuro album)

text: new look for the Japanese market?". He also identified how Amuro's superlatives, such as Kumi Koda and Ayumi Hamasaki, also carried a similar sound on their efforts. Finally, he commented, ""Feel" reads like a calculated stab at Western sensibilities. More than half of the tracks here are sung in English. Many of the producers behind these songs aren’t Japanese." A writer from "Billboard Japan" noted the sound as "aggressive", whereas Japanese magazine "CD Journal" noted the "trend" of electro house and EDM music. "Feel" opens with the full-English language track "Alive", an electro house number that feature "floaty" vocals from

title: Feel (Namie Amuro album)

text: by D.O.I. at Daiminion Recordings, and mastered by Chris Gehringer at Sterling Sound Studios in New York City. This is also Amuro's final album with her management team Vision Factory, having split after 22 years together to form her own private agency, Stella88, through Dimension Point two years later. Stylistically, "Feel" encompasses a wide range of mid-to-uptempo electronic dance styles including electropop, house, and contemporary dance music, and focuses on themes of love, having fun, and empowerment. Writing for "The Japan Times", Patrick St. Michel debated the album's electronic styles as being a "bid to late-stage American success?" or "a

text: Feel It (The Tamperer featuring Maya song) "Feel It" is a song by Italian group The Tamperer featuring Maya. It is produced by Mario Fargetta and Alex Farolfi from Milan-based CHR dance network Radio Deejay. The song is based on the Jacksons' Top 10 1981 hit "Can You Feel It" and quotes Heather Leigh West's lyrics from Urban Discharge's 1996 song "Drop a House". Producer Alex Farolfi went to Ibiza in the summer of 1997 and noticed that the crowd would go wild when a club DJ played "Can You Feel It". Fargetta and Farolfi went together and made a

title: Feel It Still

title: I Feel You

text: Wilder plays drums, and Martin Gore plays the guitar, but with electronic sounds still included, like the synth screeching intro. "I Feel You" has a compound time signature of 6/8. The 7" version of "I Feel You" is the same as the album version. The "Throb Mix" is a 12" version, but with incomplete lyrics. A part of the "Swamp Mix" is used as an interlude on the "Songs of Faith and Devotion" album between "Get Right With Me" and "Rush"; this was also used in the intro for the live arrangements of "I Feel You" that were played during

title: Feel It All

text: along with "(Still a) Weirdo", from her previous record, "Tiger Suit". A music video was released on 29 April 2013 on Vevo, it was shot in the Sonoran Desert near Tucson, Arizona, in which she recorded "Invisible Empire // Crescent Moon". The song was first played on the radio on 29 April 2013, on BBC Radio 2, on the Ken Bruce Show. "Feel It All" was recorded twice. The first version is the album version, which was described by Tunstall as a more stripped back and melancholic. The second release of the song, the "Band Jam" version, described as a

title: Feel Like I Do

text: the song premiered on February 2010. It features the band playing in a large white room with two small metal staircases on either side of a metal platform, with a smaller one in front of it which the drummer is seated on. Over the course of the video, groups of diverse people can be seen singing along during the chorus. The song ends with the groups surrounding the platform and dancing to the song. The music video also features a unique camera effect. Feel Like I Do "Feel Like I Do" is the first single from American rock band Drowning

title: Feel It Break

text: Feel It Break Feel It Break is the debut studio album by Canadian electronic music band Austra. It was released on May 13, 2011, by Domino. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, who complimented lead singer Katie Stelmanis's voice and compared the band to artists such as Kate Bush, Cocteau Twins, Fever Ray, Zola Jesus, and Depeche Mode. Additionally, it was shortlisted for the 2011 Polaris Music Prize, and received a Juno Award nomination for Electronic Album of the Year. "Feel It Break" spawned three singles: "Beat and the Pulse", "Lose It", and "Spellwork". A deluxe edition

title: Still Feels Good

text: makes them the biggest group alive: songs about trucks and songs about girls," and gave the album three out of five stars. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic, who also gave the album a three-out-of-five rating, said "Everything on "Still Feels Good" sounds fine[…]but few songs stand out and grab attention". "Entertainment Weekly" critic Ken Tucker gave the album a C rating, saying "this is emo-country arena rock with a (slight) twang[…]the music of "Still Feels Good" presents not beautiful losers but manipulative wimps." A positive review came from Ken Tucker of "Billboard", who wrote that the band "takes some convincing

title: Feel It (Three 6 Mafia song)

text: Feel It (Three 6 Mafia song) "Feel It" is a song by American hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. It features Tiësto, Sean Kingston and Flo Rida and was produced by Tiësto and DJ Frank E, co-written by Bei Maejor and mixed by Greg Wells. The song was released on December 1, 2009. The song debuted at number 65 on the Canadian Hot 100 and reached number 33 on the next week. The song debuted at number 78 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. On October 9, 2009, Three 6 Mafia shot the video for "Feel It" at The Bank club

title: I Feel So Alive

text: but for casual listeners looking for something new, this EP may sound all too familiar if you listen to other artists with a similar sound. Nonetheless, Capital Kings does a solid job on this EP, aside from the unnecessary remix, and we should expect more good things to come from them in the future." I Feel So Alive I Feel So Alive is the debut EP by Christian electronic dance music band Capital Kings. The album was released as a digital download on September 25, 2012 and with Gotee Records. The EP contains three songs that were later released on

text: as number 4 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart and number 1 on the Canadian dance music chart. The music video for "Feel It" was directed by director Daniel P. Siegler & Tracks. Feel It (The Tamperer featuring Maya song) "Feel It" is a song by Italian group The Tamperer featuring Maya. It is produced by Mario Fargetta and Alex Farolfi from Milan-based CHR dance network Radio Deejay. The song is based on the Jacksons' Top 10 1981 hit "Can You Feel It" and quotes Heather Leigh West's lyrics from Urban Discharge's 1996 song "Drop a House".

title: Feel (Sleeping with Sirens album)

text: on Australian Albums Chart. All lyrics written by Kellin Quinn and Jesse Lawson, all music composed by Sleeping with Sirens Members Guest musicians Production Feel (Sleeping with Sirens album) Feel is the third album by American post-hardcore band Sleeping with Sirens was released by June 4, 2013. This is the last album released on Rise. The entire album was produced by Cameron Mizell who had produced their debut album. It is the final album to feature rhythm guitarist Jesse Lawson after his departure from the band later in 2013. The album also features guest appearances by Fronz (Attila), Matty Mullins

title: Feel (Koda Kumi song)

text: Feel (Koda Kumi song) "Feel" (stylized as "feel") is a smooth R&B song by Japanese singer and songwriter Kumi Koda. For the song, she worked closely with composer Hitoshi Shimono, who had composed the instrumental. The single is Kumi's sixth single in her "12 Singles Collection" and second single to chart at #1 on Oricon, selling 39,110 units within the first week. As with some of the other singles released in the collection, "feel" was limited to 50,000 copies. "feel" is Japanese singer-songwriter Kumi Koda's sixth single in her "12 Singles Collection." As with the other singles in the collection,

title: Axwell

text: the song as "Feel the Vibe ('Til The Morning Comes)". McDonald's voice and writing helped secure the track as a radio winner and this track became one of the biggest cross over dance records of 2005. It was a breakthrough record for both Axwell & Tara McDonald. It peaked at #1 in UK Dance Singles Chart and #16 in the UK Singles Chart. In addition to a re-release of "Feel the Vibe" on Ministry of Sound, he has produced several club remixes, as well as his own productions, including "Get Over Here" by Rasmus Faber, "2 Million Ways" by C-Mos,

title: Moog for Love

text: EQing effects. The second track on the EP, "Feel Like I Do", is a remix of Al Green's 1972 song "I'm Still in Love with You". Guy found the song while listening to a batch of vinyl records, and when Disclosure asked Green and the track's label permission for use of samples of his recording, Green and the label enjoyed the track the duo had worked on and gave them multitrack stems of the original song for a much cleaner sound of the samples in the track. While the vocals are sped up in "Feel Like I Do," the strings,

title: Feel the Love (Ayumi Hamasaki song)

text: DJ Hello Kitty; this marks the singer's first single to be produced with another producer outside of Matsuura. Musically, "Feel the Love" is an electronic dance song that lyrically focuses on love and having a good time. Upon its release, "Feel the Love" received favorable reviews from music critics. Majority of them praised the composition and additional remixes on the physical release, and complimented the production. Charting together with "Merry-Go-Round", it under performed in Japan, reaching number five and was her first single to miss the top spot since her single "Daybreak" twelve years earlier. Two accompanying music videos were

title: Upturn

text: for their song "Thanks for..." from their album "Feel the Vibes" (2008), and has worked with the likes of singer-songwriter Koda Kumi. After Lead celebrated their tenth anniversary with the "Leader's Party 10!" concert for their fan club in March 2013, vocalist Hiroki Nakadoi stepped away from the group. His final single release with Lead was for their single "Still," which had been released on December 12, 2012, and his departure was in April the following year. Hiroki began to discuss his feelings about leaving to the other members prior to his departure, explaining how he felt that they had

title: Don't You Wanna Feel

text: These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Don't You Wanna Feel". Don't You Wanna Feel "Don't You Wanna Feel" is a dance-pop-rock song written by James Ash and Natalie Bassingthwaighte for the Rogue Traders' third studio album "Better in the Dark". It was released on schedule as the album's first single on 29 September 2007. It was leaked onto P2P networks on 7 September 2007. At the end of August 2007, it was revealed on the official Rogue Traders forum that the single would soon be available for pre-order via mobile phone. Later, this was

title: Feel the Vibes

text: Singles Charts, the following singles failed to break the top twenty. "Feel The Vibes" is the fifth studio album by Japanese hip-hop dance group Lead. It was released two years after their previous studio album, "4," and five months before their first compilation album "," which would be released in August of the same year. The album became their lowest charting studio album, taking #44 on the Oricon Albums Charts and only remaining on the charts for two consecutive weeks. The album contained three preluding singles, "Drive Alive, Umi" and "Stand Up!". While the single "Drive Alive" charted well on

title: Feel the Light

text: Feel the Light "Feel the Light" is a ballad song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for the soundtrack of the 2015 film, "Home". In June 2012, it was revealed that Barbadian singer Rihanna and American actor Jim Parsons would star as the lead roles in the film "Happy Smekday!", retitled to "Home" in June 2013. In 2014, "Variety" reported that, in addition to her voice role, Rihanna created a concept album for the film which was released on March 17, 2015. It was later revealed that the film's soundtrack would also include songs recorded by Charli XCX, Kiesza, and

title: Feel (Namie Amuro album)

text: Feel (Namie Amuro album) Feel (stylized as FEEL) is the eleventh studio and second Bilingual (English–Japanese) album by Japanese recording artist Namie Amuro. It serves as the singer's first record with Dimension Point—a sub-label through Avex Trax—on July 10, 2013 in three physical formats, and for digital consumption. The album was primarily handled by Western producers, such as Zedd, Dsign Music, Anthony Maniscalco, Steven Lee, amongst others. Stylistically, "Feel" encompasses a wide range of mid-to-uptempo electronic dance styles including electropop, house, and contemporary dance music, and focuses on themes of love, having fun, and empowerment. "Feel" received generally favorable reviews

title: I Still Feel

text: I Still Feel I Still Feel is the second studio album from independent Nashville singer-songwriter, Templeton Thompson. The album was released on May 13, 2004 via Reve Records/Connected At The Hit Productions. The album features eleven total tracks including the single, "If I Didn't Need The Money" which was issued to Texas radio. The song "Settle Down Cinderella" is featured in the movie, "Doctor Dolittle 3. " The album was led by the single, "If I Didn't Need The Money." The Song was issued to Texas radio to accompany the release of "I Still Feel." The single went on to

title: HiFi Superstar

text: from Zebra, and Derek St. Holmes from Ted Nugent Band. In addition to their song contribution, "It's Up To You", HiFi Superstar's drummer, Glenn Mikes, also recorded and produced track 16, "Feel It's Time For Love", by A Gain Of Ten. A percentage of the proceeds from the project will benefit the Jackson Recovery Centers. "HiFi Superstar" is managed by NTD Management and is signed to NTD Records, which also manages such acts as 7th Heaven. Mike Paterson - Vocals, Guitar Jonny Untch - Lead Guitar Glenn Mikes - Drums, Vocals Sean Jacobs - Bass Guitar Dave Rudin - Keyboard,

title: Feel It Still

long_answer: "Feel It Still" is a song by American rock band Portugal. The Man. The song, which has interpolations from The Marvelettes' 1961 hit "Please Mr. Postman", was written by the band along with John Hill and Asa Taccone, with the latter two serving as producers. It serves as the second single and first radio single off their eighth studio album Woodstock. The song reached number one on the US Alternative Songs, Mexican and Russian Tophit airplay chart, and became their first entry on the Hot 100, reaching number four as of October 2017. It was also featured in advertisements for the Apple iPad Pro, Vitamin Water, YouTube TV and in the first and second trailers for the 2018 film Peter Rabbit.


question: who sang heard it thru the grapevine first

answers: Gladys Knight & the Pips

answers: the Miracles

answers: The Miracles

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: for the clay animation group The California Raisins. The lyrics tell the story in the first person of the singer's feelings of betrayal and disbelief when he hears of his girlfriend's infidelity only indirectly "through the 'grapevine'". By 1966, Barrett Strong, the singer on Motown Records' breakthrough hit, "Money (That's What I Want)", had the basics of a song he had started to write in Chicago, where the idea had come to him while walking down Michigan Avenue that people were always saying "I heard it through the grapevine". The phrase is associated with black slaves during the Civil War,

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: the sixty-fifth biggest song on the chart. It was also inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame for "historical, artistic and significant" value. In addition to being recorded several times by Motown artists, the song has been covered by musicians including Creedence Clearwater Revival who recorded an 11-minute version for their 1970 album, "Cosmo's Factory", that was released as a single, reaching 43 on "Billboard"'s chart, with more modest success in other countries, and funk musician Roger Troutman whose extended version (nearly 11 minutes itself) lifted off his 1981 solo album, "The Many Facets of Roger", brought the song back

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: was the first and last number one on the "Billboard" R&B chart in 1968: the Pips version was the first week of January, the Gaye version the last week of December. Gladys Knight was not pleased that Gaye's version usurped her own, and claimed that Gaye's version was recorded over an instrumental track Whitfield had prepared for a Pips song, an allegation Gaye denied. In 1985, one year following Gaye's death, the song was re-released in the UK reaching number eight thanks to a Levi's commercial (starring Nick Kamen). The Gaye recording has become an acclaimed soul classic. In 2004,

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: Gaye's "Grapevine" was ranked sixty-fifth. It was also inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame for "historical, artistic and significant" value. In addition to being released several times by Motown artists, the song has been recorded by a range of musicians including Creedence Clearwater Revival, who made an eleven-minute interpretation for their 1970 album, "Cosmo's Factory"; and has been used twice in television commercials – each time using session musicians recreating the style of the Marvin Gaye version: the 1985 Levi's commercial, "Launderette", featuring male model Nick Kamen, and the 1986 California raisins promotion with Buddy Miles as the singer

text: song had hit number-one on both the "Billboard" Hot 100 and the Hot-Selling Soul Singles charts and by 1969 had reached number one on the UK Singles chart becoming Gaye's first international smash. However, when Gaye heard about its success, he acted coldly to it due to his depressed state over Tammi Terrell. He later told a biographer he felt the song's success was "undeserved". Nevertheless, Motown re-released the album as "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" and, due to the song's success, the album shot up to number 2 on the R&B albums chart and peaked at number 63

text: Gaye's version of the song released as a single. Motown instead issued the Ivy Jo Hunter-produced "You", which was recorded after "Grapevine" and showcased Gaye hollering in falsetto for the first time. Another single, "Chained", would peak at number 32 on the pop chart. The latter song was climbing the chart when radio deejays began playing "Grapevine", much to Berry Gordy's chagrin. To everyone's surprise, when Gordy finally allowed the release of Gaye's version of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", the song blew up on the charts upon its October 1968 release. By the end of the year, the

text: I Heard It Through the Grapevine (album) I Heard It Through the Grapevine! is the eighth studio album by soul musician Marvin Gaye, released on August 26, 1968 on the Motown-subsidiary label Tamla Records. Originally released as In the Groove, it was the first solo studio album Gaye released in two years, in which during that interim, the singer had emerged as a successful duet partner with female R&B singers such as Kim Weston and Tammi Terrell. The album and its title track are considered both as Gaye's commercial breakthrough. By 1968, Marvin Gaye had released only a few solo

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: to number one on the R&B chart in early November of 1981, marking the third time the single reached the top spot on that chart. It also made the "Billboard" Hot 100, but was not a Pop success this time around, peaking at number 79. Queen Latifah used the music as a basis for her 1998 single "Paper", produced by Pras Michel for her album "Order in the Court". "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" has been used twice in television commercials – each time using session musicians recreating the style of the Marvin Gaye version. For the 1985 Levi's

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: September 28, 1967 was on Motown's Soul label, with "It’s Time to Go Now" on the B-side. Motown put little support behind it and the Pips relied on connections with DJs across the United States to get the record played. The Pips' version of "Grapevine" reached number one on the "Billboard" R&B chart on November 25, 1967, and stayed there for six weeks, making it the group's second R&B number one after 1961's "Every Beat of My Heart". It reached two on the "Billboard" Pop Singles chart the same month, with the Monkees' "Daydream Believer" holding top spot. It was

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" is a song written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong for Motown Records in 1966. The first recording of the song to be released was produced by Whitfield for Gladys Knight & the Pips and released as a single in September 1967; it went to number two in the Billboard chart.

title: Marvin Gaye

text: on the game of baseball. "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" was played in a Levi's ad in 1985. The result of the commercial's success led to the original song finding renewed success in Europe after Tamla-Motown re-released it in the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands. In 1986, the song was covered by Buddy Miles as part of a California Raisins ad campaign. The song was later used for chewing gum commercials in Finland and to promote a brand of Lucky Strike cigarettes in Germany. Gaye's music has also been used in numerous film soundtracks including "Four Brothers" and

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: sessions, the first on February 3, 1967, and the last on April 10, 1967. Recordings of this version took more than a month due to Whitfield overdubbing Gaye's vocals with that of the Andantes' background vocals, mixing in several tracks featuring the Funk Brothers on the rhythm track, and adding the string section from the Detroit Symphony Orchestra with an arrangement by Paul Riser. The session featuring Gaye led to an argument between the producer and singer. Whitfield wanted Gaye to perform the song in a higher key than his normal range, a move that had worked on David Ruffin

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: later, in 1986, Buddy Miles was the singer for the clay animation group The California Raisins which sang it as part a TV advertising campaign. Marvin Gaye's version of the song is used in the opening credits of "The Big Chill" (1983) as each of the main characters gets to hear (through the "grapevine") about the death of their college friend, and then travels to his funeral; the song serves in an extradiegetic fashion to both unite the main characters' friendship and to locate it nostalgically for the viewer. I Heard It Through the Grapevine "I Heard It Through the

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: a single on October 30, 1968. Gaye's "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" eventually outsold the Pips', and until The Jackson 5's "I'll Be There" 20 months later, was the biggest hit single of all time on the Motown label. It stayed at the top of the "Billboard" Pop Singles chart for seven weeks, from December 14, 1968 to January 25, 1969. Gaye's "Grapevine" also held number one on the R&B chart during the same seven weeks, and stayed at number one in the United Kingdom for three weeks starting on March 26, 1969. The label was pleased with the

title: Can I Get a Witness

text: rendition of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine". According to Holland, once Gaye heard Holland perform the song to him, he nodded and stated, "okay I'm ready" to a perplexed Holland, who often had to work over the song a few times with other artists who recorded their songs. According to Holland, Gaye recorded the song in one take, which impressed Holland, his brother and Dozier. Holland would later call Gaye "the most versatile vocalist I ever worked with." On the song, backed by a boogie woogie-styled piano riff played by Funk Brothers pianist Earl Van Dyke, Gaye performs the

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: known recording, though it was also rejected by Gordy as a single, and would also later go onto an album, "In the Groove". The third recording was in 1967 with Gladys Knight and the Pips in a new, faster arrangement. Gordy accepted the new arrangement and the Gladys Knight version was released as a single in September 1967, reaching number 2 in the charts. When Gaye's album with his version of Grapevine was released in August 1968, radio disc jockeys were playing the song, so Gordy had it released as a single in October, and it went to number one

text: he went from being a soul stylist in the same way his idol Sam Cooke had been into a more gospel-influenced soul vocalist who sounded more in par with Otis Redding, James Brown, and Temptations lead singer David Ruffin. However, during the recording of what would become Gaye's biggest-selling and signature single of his career, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", Whitfield decided to force Gaye to raise his vocal register higher than what he was used to, which Whitfield already tried successfully on Ruffin during the recording of the Temptations hit, "Ain't Too Proud to Beg". Though Gaye and

text: after "That's the Way Love Is" became a hit for Gaye in 1969, Motown released the song a second time on the album of the same name. This album also marked Gaye's first attempts at producing himself in the studio with his own self-penned songs, the funky gospel dancer, "At Last I Found a Love", and the smoother "Change What You Can". I Heard It Through the Grapevine (album) I Heard It Through the Grapevine! is the eighth studio album by soul musician Marvin Gaye, released on August 26, 1968 on the Motown-subsidiary label Tamla Records. Originally released as In

title: Maggie MacNeal

text: Hemert, of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong and made famous by singer Marvin Gaye – before teaming up with Willem Duyn (Mouth), to form the duo known as Mouth & MacNeal, recording Pop international hits such as "How Do You Do" (1971) and "Hello-A" (1972). She was with Mouth & MacNeal from 1971 to 1974 including a participation in the 1974 Eurovision Song Contest with the song "I See a Star". After their breakup, she formed her own group in 1975 with her husband Frans Smit (drums), Adri de Hont (guitar), Ben

title: Gladys Knight & the Pips

text: first hit single version of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" in 1967, which led to several hit singles for Motown's Soul Records label, including "Nitty Gritty", "Friendship Train", "If I Were Your Woman" and "Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)", before leaving the label for Buddah Records in 1973, where they recorded the hits "Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me", "I've Got to Use My Imagination" and their number-one hit single, "Midnight Train to Georgia". Contractual difficulties with their labels forced the group to record side projects until 1980 when they signed

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: it was placed at number 80 on "Rolling Stone"'s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, with the comment that Whitfield had produced the song with a number of artists using different arrangements, and that on the Marvin Gaye recording he had a "golden idea" when he set the song "in a slower, more mysterious tempo". In a new "Rolling Stone" list published in 2011, the single was placed slightly lower at number 81. On the commemorative fiftieth anniversary of the "Billboard" Hot 100 issue of "Billboard" magazine in June 2008, the Marvin Gaye version was ranked as

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine

text: success, although Gaye, depressed because of issues such as the illness of singing partner Tammi Terrell (which would kill her less than a year later), was quoted as saying that his success "didn't seem real" and that he "didn't deserve it". Due to the song's success, "In the Groove" was re-issued as "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" and peaked at number two on the R&B album chart and number sixty-three on the album chart, which was at the time Marvin's highest-charted solo studio effort to date. Because of the success of both versions, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine"

text: Gordy was turbulent as was life on the road in which Gaye grew a constant dislike to live performances and his personal disagreements with Motown CEO Berry Gordy had started to create strain in his relationship with the Motown label. On top of that, during an October 1967 engagement at Hampden-Sydney College with Terrell, the younger Terrell collapsed from exhaustion into Gaye's waiting arms. Terrell was later diagnosed at the end of the year with having a brain tumor, which depressed Gaye. Some speculate Terrell's illness and subsequent death two and a half years later affected Gaye's performances in which

title: Gladys Knight & the Pips

text: My Life Story", she stated that Diana Ross had the group removed from being The Supremes' opening act on a 1968 tour for, according to Knight, being "too" good. The group finally scored a career breakthrough with their fourth Motown single, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", which reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the R&B charts. The group's recording became Motown's best-selling single ever to that point, selling over 2.5 million copies. Marvin Gaye's version of the song, released in 1968, outsold the group's version, selling four million copies and reaching number one

title: Music of Washington, D.C.

text: to launch the bossa nova craze. By the middle of the 1960s, D.C. had begun to produce some major stars, like soul singer Marvin Gaye, who had 3 #1 Hot 100 hits including "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" in 1968. Other musicians included John Fahey, one of the first "folk" musicians to gain national appeal, Peter Tork (of The Monkees), Tim Buckley, guitarist Link Wray, pop singer and songwriter Billy Stewart, country singer Patsy Cline, guitarists Gregory Gaskins played with Jersey Cities Manhattan's and later Elvis Presley Danny Gatton, Skip Pitts played the famous riffs on Isaac Hayes's John

title: Red Sovine

text: In the fall, it peaked at #7 on Billboard's "Adult Contemporary" chart (see U.S. Copyright Office's website and Joel Whitburn's "Across The Charts, The 1960s"). In 1963, Sovine passed on the helping hand given him by older performers when he heard the singing of minor league baseball player Charley Pride and suggested that he move to Nashville, Tennessee. Sovine opened doors for Pride at Pierce's Cedarwood Publishing, but his own career had stalled: "Dream House For Sale", which reached number 22 in 1964, came nearly eight years after his last hit. In 1965 Sovine found his niche when he recorded

text: singles in three years. Between his Kim Weston duet, "It Takes Two" and his Tammi Terrell duets, "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" and "Your Precious Love" among others, Gaye released only one single, "Your Unchanging Love", which peaked at number 33 on the Billboard Hot 100. Motown brought Gaye back to the studio to record a solo album. Recording difficulties aside, Gaye's vocals went through a transition through this period. Perhaps done on purpose, Gaye's earlier collaborator Norman Whitfield and his pupil, Frank Wilson, began to write songs they felt fit the singer's chaotic personal life: Gaye's marriage to Anna

title: The California Raisins

text: big) came up with an idea for the new raisin commercial, saying, "We have tried everything but dancing raisins singing 'I Heard It Through the Grapevine'" (the 1968 song popularized by Marvin Gaye). To their surprise, the commercial became wildly popular, paving the way for several future commercials and opportunities through other media. The commercials were produced by Vinton Studios using their claymation technique, with character designs by Michael Brunsfeld. The following year, the Raisins appeared in the Emmy Award-winning "A Claymation Christmas Celebration", singing the Christmas carol "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer". The California Raisins released four studio albums on

title: Will Vinton

text: first big hit was the song "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" in the first of their series of TV spots for the California Raisin Advisory Board. They became such a media phenomenon that they went on to star in their own pair of primetime specials for CBS television, "Meet the Raisins" (1988) and "The Raisins Sold Out" (1990). A couple music albums of songs from the specials, produced by Nu Shooz pop rock band leader John Smith were also released. CBS also commissioned three more prime-time specials, "A Claymation Christmas Celebration" (1988, an Emmy winner), "The Claymation Comedy of

title: From the Vine Came the Grape

text: From the Vine Came the Grape "From the Vine Came the Grape" is a popular song. It was written by Leonard Whitcup and Paul Cunningham and published in 1954. The biggest-selling version was recorded by The Gaylords in 1954. It was also a hit for The Hilltoppers the same year. A recording by Frankie Vaughan with Geoff Love and his orchestra was made in London on December 10, 1953. It was released by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog number B 10655. The flip side was "She Took" A popular Italian translation of the song was written

title: I Heard It Through the Grapevine


question: south african tree with thorns on the trunk

answers: silk floss tree

title: Senegalia ataxacantha

text: Senegalia ataxacantha Senegalia ataxacantha, commonly known as the flame thorn, is an African tree species with conspicuous red pods and numerous hooked prickles. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal in the west to Sudan in the east, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and in the Transvaal and KwaZulu-Natal. In arid regions it prefers low-lying sites near streams, watercourses and in valleys, but in higher rainfall areas is a common constituent of the bush, often favouring forest margins. Once established, young trees are quite frost-hardy. Its normal habit is that of a multi-stemmed, untidy, large shrub with a tendency for the

title: Vachellia erioloba

text: Vachellia erioloba Vachellia erioloba (camel thorn, giraffe thorn) is a tree of southern Africa in the family Fabaceae. Its preferred habitat is the deep dry sandy soils in parts of South Africa, Botswana, the western areas of Zimbabwe and Namibia. It is also native to Angola, south-west Mozambique, Zambia and Swaziland. The tree was first described by Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer and Johann Franz Drège in 1836. The camel thorn is a protected tree in South Africa. The tree can grow up to 17 metres high. It is slow-growing, very hardy to drought and fairly frost-resistant. The wood is dark

title: Gymnosporia heterophylla

text: Gymnosporia heterophylla Gymnosporia heterophylla, the common spike-thorn, is a small, hardy, deciduous African tree up to 5m tall, occurring in rocky places with a wide distribution from Ethiopia, the Sudan and the Congo, south to the Cape Province and west to Angola and Namibia, as well as the neighbouring islands of Madagascar and Saint Helena, with a closely related species from Mauritius. It has a straggly, but rigid habit and is armed with sharp straight thorns up to 100mm long, which are modified branches. Bark on the mature trunk is grey-brown and deeply fissured. The tree is dioecious, and clusters

title: Ziziphus mucronata

text: Ziziphus mucronata Ziziphus mucronata, known as the buffalo thorn is a species of tree in the Rhamnaceae family, native to southern Africa. The Buffalo thorn is a small to medium size tree, reaching a height of about 10 m (33 ft). It can survive in a variety of soil types, occurring in many habitats, mostly open woodlands, often on soils deposited by rivers, and grows frequently on termite mounds. Buffalo thorn has distinctive zigzag branchlets, and hooked and straight thorns. The bark is a red-brown (on young stems) or roughly mottled grey, cracked in small rectangular blocks revealing a stringy

title: Senegalia polyacantha

text: Senegalia polyacantha Senegalia polyacantha, also known as White Thorn is a flowering tree which can grow up to 25m tall. "Polyacantha" has the meaning "many thorns" in Latin. The tree is native to Africa, India, the Indian Ocean and Asia, but it has also been introduced to the Caribbean. The root of "Senegalia polyacantha "subsp." campylacantha" emits chemical compounds that repel animals including rats, snakes and crocodiles. The tree's gum is used in the manufacture of candy. "S. polycantha"'s roots and perhaps its bark have medicinal uses. The root extract is useful for snakebites and is applied to wash the

title: Senegalia mellifera

text: Senegalia mellifera Senegalia mellifera is a common thorn tree in Africa. The name "mellifera" refers to its sweet-smelling blossoms and honey. Its lumber turns pitch black when oiled. Common names of the tree include Blackthorn and Swarthaak (Afrikaans). It is listed as being not threatened. "Senegalia mellifera" is found in the dry areas of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. "Senegalia mellifera" can occur either as a multi-trunked bush up to seven metres high with more or less a funnel-shaped crown, or as a single-trunked tree that can reach a height of up to nine metres. It can form an impenetrable

title: Vachellia reficiens

text: Vachellia reficiens Vachellia reficiens (, ), commonly known as red-bark acacia, red thorn, false umbrella tree, or false umbrella thorn, is a deciduous tree or shrub of the pea family (Fabaceae) native to southern Africa, often growing in an upside-down cone shape and with a relatively flat crown. The Austrian naturalist Heinrich Wawra von Fernsee described "Vachellia reficiens" (as "Acacia reficiens") in 1859. It forms a species complex with "V. luederitzii", also from central and southern Africa. Two subspecies exist: "V. reficiens" subspecies "reficiens", which found in Angola and southwestern Africa, and has affinities to "V. luederitzii", and "V. reficiens"

title: Pappea

text: Pappea Pappea capensis is a South African tree in the family Sapindaceae. It is the only species in the genus Pappea. Common names include Jacket plum, Indaba tree and bushveld cherry. In other languages, it is known as: ' (Afrikaans); ', ', ' (Zulu); ', ' (Xhosa); ', ' (Pedi); ' (Swati); ', "" (Tsonga). The jacket plum (small to medium tree with a height of ) is a long-lived, hardy, evergreen. The greenish flowers are borne on catkins in the axils of the leaves. The Jacket plums are dioecious with male and female flowers appearing as catkins on different

title: Boscia foetida

text: southern Zimbabwe and the Transvaal bushveld and lowveld, eastern Swaziland, KwaZulu-Natal southwards to the Tugela valley, and in southernmost Mozambique. It grows mainly on plains in semi-desert or arid bushveld. It is also present on hillsides, rocky outcrops, termite mounds or along dry river courses. It grows on rocky, stony or gravel substrates in the west, and is absent from sand except where a rocky substrate is present. There are five subspecies: Boscia foetida Boscia foetida, commonly known as the stink shepherd's tree, is an evergreen shrub or tree that is native to the warmer and drier parts southern Africa.

title: Ceiba speciosa

text: The silk floss tree is cultivated mostly for ornamental purposes.  Outside of private gardens around the world, it is often planted along urban streets in subtropical areas such as in Spain, South Africa, Australia, northern New Zealand and the southern USA, although its prickled trunks and limbs require safety buffer zones, especially around the trunks, in order to protect people and domesticated animals from its prickles. Ceiba speciosa is added to some versions of the hallucinogenic drink Ayahuasca.

title: Vachellia drepanolobium

text: Vachellia drepanolobium Vachellia drepanolobium (syn. Acacia drepanolobium), commonly known as whistling thorn (family Fabaceae), is a swollen-thorn acacia native to East Africa. The whistling thorn grows up to 6 meters tall. It produces a pair of straight thorns at each node, some of which have large bulbous bases. These swollen thorns are naturally hollow and occupied by any one of several symbiotic ant species. The common name of the plant is derived from the observation that when wind blows over bulbous thorns in which ants have made entry/exit holes, they create a whistling noise. Whistling thorn is the dominant tree

title: Paliurus spina-christi

text: Paliurus spina-christi Paliurus spina-christi, commonly known as Jerusalem thorn, garland thorn, Christ's thorn, or crown of thorns, is a species of "Paliurus" native to the Mediterranean region and southwest and central Asia, from Morocco and Spain east to Iran and Tajikistan. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 3–4 m tall. The shoots are zig-zagged, with a leaf and two stipular spines (one straight, one curved) on the outside of each kink. The leaves are oval, 2–5 cm long and 1–4 cm broad, glossy green, with an entire margin. The fruit is a dry woody nutlet centred

title: Senegalia montis-salinarum

text: Senegalia montis-salinarum Senegalia montis-salinarum, is a species of thorn tree that is native to two separate localities in the Soutpansberg range in Limpopo, South Africa. The total population is estimated at no more than 250 adult trees. Based on its morphology, it is assigned to the "S. burkei" species complex. It grows on rocky scree slopes in the hot rain shadow of the Soutpansberg range. It is a multi-stemmed tree. It has smaller flowers than "A. burkei" and produces more seeds. The wood is soft and semi-succulent, and dead wood decays quickly. It may qualify as endangered due to the

title: Vachellia karroo

text: heartwood has a density of about 800 kg/m³. A tough rope can be made from the inside bark of the tree. The gum, bark and leaves have been used as a soothing agent and astringent for colds, conjunctivitis and hemorrhage in other region South Africa.However thorns were even used by early naturalists to pin the insects they collected! It is very widespread throughout southern Africa and there are different forms in some places, which can be confusing. "Vachellia karroo" may be found from the Western Cape through to Zambia and Angola. In tropical Africa it is replaced by "Vachellia seyal".

title: Dombeya rotundifolia

text: Dombeya rotundifolia Dombeya rotundifolia, the dikbas or "South African wild pear" (it is not related to pear trees), is a small deciduous tree with dark grey to blackish deeply fissured bark, found in Southern Africa and northwards to central and eastern tropical Africa. Formerly placed in the Sterculiaceae, that artificial group has now been abandoned by most authors and the plants are part of an enlarged Malvaceae. Trees are normally 5–6 m tall with a single well-defined trunk, growing on deep soils, river banks and rocky places. Leaves and flower buds are densely covered in stellate hairs. One of the

title: Acacia ehrenbergiana

text: Acacia ehrenbergiana Acacia ehrenbergiana is a species of drought-resistant bush or small tree found in the Sahara, northern Sahel, East Africa and Arabia. It is commonly known as salam in Arabic. "Acacia ehrenbergiana" is a tall shrub or small tree, seldom exceeding in height. It is much branched, the trunk has dark brown, shaggy bark and the branches are green or brown with shiny, peeling bark. The compound leaves are small, with up to four pairs of pinnae, each with eight to twelve pairs of pinnules. Growing in the leaf axils are paired white thorns which are up to in

title: Vachellia karroo

text: Vachellia karroo Vachellia karroo, commonly known as the Sweet thorn, is a species of acacia, native to southern Africa from southern Angola east to Mozambique, and south to South Africa. It is a shrub or small to medium-sized tree which grows to height of 12m. It is difficult to tell apart from "Vachellia nilotica" subsp. "adstringens" without examining the seed pods. It is not listed as being a threatened species. The Botanical Society of South Africa has accepted a name change to "Vachellia karroo". Common names in various languages include Acacia, Common acacia, Karoo thorn, Doringboom, Soetdoring, Cape gum, Cassie,

title: Euphorbia virosa

text: Euphorbia virosa Euphorbia virosa, the Gifboom or poison tree, is a plant of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It has a short main stem, usually twisted, from which 5–10 cm branches emerge. These leafless branches have 5 to 8 edges. Paired thorns grow in regularly spaced intervals from the edges. "Euphorbia virosa" is commonly distributed from the Orange River in South Africa to Southern Angola, occupying mainly arid areas in Namibia. The plant contains within the branches a milky and creamy substance with carcinogenic properties. This substance is very poisonous and is used by San (Bushmen) to dip the tips of

title: Vachellia seyal

text: Vachellia seyal Vachellia seyal, the red acacia, known also as the shittah tree (the source of shittim wood), is a thorny, high tree with a pale greenish or reddish bark. At the base of the feathery leaves there are two straight, light grey thorns, growing to long. The blossoms are displayed in round, bright yellow clusters approximately in diameter. In "Vachellia seyal" var. "fistula", which is more common on heavy clay soils, some of the thorns are swollen and house symbiotic ants. It is distributed from Egypt to Kenya and west Senegal. In the Sahara, it often grows in damp

title: Balanites angolensis

text: Balanites angolensis Balanites angolensis, or Angolan green-thorn, is a species of tree from southern Africa, it is a member of the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae. "Balanites angolensis" is a small semi-deciduous tree or shrub which grows to up to 8m in height. It has rough, corrugated bark which is green or greenish yellow on young shoots which are covered in dense hairs with yellow or green thorns which are up to 9 cm long. The flowers are greenish-yellow to whitish and are borne in small axillary clusters, each flower consisting of 5 petals and 5 sepals. The fruit is 30mm long,

title: Zanthoxylum capense

text: Zanthoxylum capense The Small knobwood ("Zanthoxylum capense") is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It occurs in the eastern regions of southern Africa, from the vicinity of Knysna, Western Cape to the Zimbabwean granite shield and coastal Mozambique. It tolerates a range of altitudes, from highveld to coastal elevations, but is most prevalent in dry thickets or on rocky slopes and outcrops. Their trunks are bare apart from the numerous conical knobs that each terminate in a spine. They bear clusters of compound leaves on the tips of their branches. The leaves and fruit are noticeably citrus-scented. The

title: Balanites rotundifolia

text: Balanites rotundifolia Balanites rotundifolia, known in Swahili as Mbamba ngoma is a spiny bush or small tree from eastern Africa and southern Arabia. It is a member of the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae. "Balanites rotundifolia" is a small tree or shrub with a multi-stemmed growth form and spiny branches which grows to 2-5m. The small, round or heart shaped leaves are green, rather hairy, grow in pairs and lack stalks. The stout thorns are green, straight and grow to 3 cm in length. The greenish white flowers grow from the thorns and the small hairy fruit is 2 cm in length.

title: Kigelia

text: sausage-like fruit. Its name in Afrikaans "worsboom" also means sausage tree, and its Arabic name means "the father of kit-bags". It is a tree growing up to 20 m (66 feet) tall and it typically has spreading branches. The bark is grey and smooth at first, peeling on older trees. It can be as thick as 6 mm on a 15-cm diameter branch. The wood is pale brown or yellowish, undifferentiated and not prone to cracking. The tree is evergreen where rainfall occurs throughout the year, but deciduous where there is a long dry season. The leaves are opposite or

title: Vachellia reficiens

text: Kenya use "Vachellia reficiens" wood to build temporary houses. In Namibia's Kaokoveld region, the branches of this tree are used for fencing and the bark is used to curdle milk, while the thorns can be used to pierce ears. The seeds can be baked in hot ash, crushed, ground and mixed with tobacco to use as snuff. The Giriama people use the wood for firewood and charcoal, and straight stems for poles. Vachellia reficiens Vachellia reficiens (, ), commonly known as red-bark acacia, red thorn, false umbrella tree, or false umbrella thorn, is a deciduous tree or shrub of the

title: Pappea

text: yield much usable wood. This tree is used as an important source of herbal medicine. Pappea Pappea capensis is a South African tree in the family Sapindaceae. It is the only species in the genus Pappea. Common names include Jacket plum, Indaba tree and bushveld cherry. In other languages, it is known as: ' (Afrikaans); ', ', ' (Zulu); ', ' (Xhosa); ', ' (Pedi); ' (Swati); ', "" (Tsonga). The jacket plum (small to medium tree with a height of ) is a long-lived, hardy, evergreen. The greenish flowers are borne on catkins in the axils of the leaves.

title: Hippobromus pauciflorus

text: black, pulpy and unpalatable. All parts of the tree have an unpleasant odour when bruised. Fourcade describes the wood as "very heavy and hard, very strong, moderately elastic, close-grained ... heartwood brown, sapwood white, tinged with brown, used for wagon-work and other purposes. The wood and leaves contain a strongly scented resinous and oily substance, which renders them readily inflammable." This tree is found along the east coast from the Eastern Cape, through KwaZulu Natal, Swaziland and further inland through the Transvaal up to the Soutpansberg. It is one of the few trees on which the larva of the Swallow-tail

title: Cunonia capensis

text: very suitable tree for marshy, water-logged gardens, or the banks of rivers. The tree is usually cultivated from its tiny seeds, and the young plants need ample water and some shelter from direct sunlight. It is one of the fastest growing trees in southern Africa. Cunonia capensis Cunonia capensis (butterspoon tree, butterknife tree, African red alder, red alder or rooiels) is a small tree, found in the afromontane forests of southern Africa, and along rivers. It is grown as an ornamental in gardens for its attractive glossy foliage and its clusters of tiny, scented, white flowers. It is the only

title: Rhus pentheri

text: Rhus pentheri Rhus pentheri, the common crowberry (English), gewone kraaibessie (Afrikaans), iNhlokoshiyane (isiZulu), or mutasiri (baVenda), is a species of tree in the genus "Rhus". Frost hardy tree reaching a height of up to 6 metres. The tree is mainly evergreen but loses its leaves in severe winters. It has olive-green foliage with dark brown bark and can be grown in either full sun or semi shade. Small flowers are produced and are followed by masses of shiny, light brown, small edible fruits, which provide a feast for birds. Only female trees produce these fruits though. The tree occurs over

title: Searsia pyroides

text: trifoliolate and it sometimes has large, woody thorns. Flowers are very small, greenish and are borne in summer. The male and female flowers are borne on separate trees and the female trees bear small fruits 3–4 mm in diameter, which turn red when ripe. The tree attracts a multitude of birds and insects due to its nutritious fruit and is an attractive addition to a garden. It is a host plant for the moth "Xylopteryx arcuata". Searsia pyroides Searsia pyroides, previously known as "Rhus pyroides", (common currant-rhus English, gewone taaibos Afrikaans, nhlokoshiyane isiZulu) is a species of "Searsia", native to

title: Prunus africana

text: Prunus africana Prunus africana, the African cherry, has a wide distribution in Africa, occurring in montane regions of central and southern Africa and on the islands of Bioko, São-Tomé, Grande Comore, and Madagascar. It can be found at above sea level. It is a canopy tree 30–40 m in height, and is the tallest member of "Prunus". Large-diameter trees have impressive, spreading crowns. It requires a moist climate, annual rainfall, and is moderately frost-tolerant. "P. africana" appears to be a light-demanding, secondary-forest species. The bark is black to brown, corrugated or fissured, and scaly, fissuring in a characteristic rectangular pattern.

title: Ceiba speciosa


question: who made the nuclear model of an atom

answers: Ernest Rutherford

title: Nuclear chemistry

text: model, proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904, the atom is composed of electrons surrounded by a 'cloud' of positive charge to balance the electrons' negative charge. To Rutherford, the gold foil experiment implied that the positive charge was confined to a very small nucleus leading first to the Rutherford model, and eventually to the Bohr model of the atom, where the positive nucleus is surrounded by the negative electrons. In 1934 Marie Curie's daughter (Irène Joliot-Curie) and son-in-law (Frédéric Joliot-Curie) were the first to create artificial radioactivity: they bombarded boron with alpha particles to make the neutron-poor isotope nitrogen-13;

title: Nuclear shell model

text: "cloud" of alpha particles. Nuclear shell model In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, the nuclear shell model is a model of the atomic nucleus which uses the Pauli exclusion principle to describe the structure of the nucleus in terms of energy levels. The first shell model was proposed by Dmitry Ivanenko (together with E. Gapon) in 1932. The model was developed in 1949 following independent work by several physicists, most notably Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics for their contributions. The shell model is partly analogous to

title: Neutron

text: Models for atomic nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Werner Heisenberg and others. The proton–neutron model explained the puzzle of nuclear spins. The origins of beta radiation were explained by Enrico Fermi in 1934 by the process of beta decay, in which the neutron decays to a proton by "creating" an electron and a (as yet undiscovered) neutrino. In 1935 Chadwick and his doctoral student Maurice Goldhaber, reported the first accurate measurement of the mass of the neutron. By 1934, Fermi had bombarded heavier elements with neutrons to induce radioactivity in elements of high atomic number.

title: Nuclear shell model

text: Nuclear shell model In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, the nuclear shell model is a model of the atomic nucleus which uses the Pauli exclusion principle to describe the structure of the nucleus in terms of energy levels. The first shell model was proposed by Dmitry Ivanenko (together with E. Gapon) in 1932. The model was developed in 1949 following independent work by several physicists, most notably Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics for their contributions. The shell model is partly analogous to the atomic shell model

title: Neutron

text: physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century, leading ultimately to the atomic bomb in 1945. In the 1911 Rutherford model, the atom consisted of a small positively charged massive nucleus surrounded by a much larger cloud of negatively charged electrons. In 1920, Rutherford suggested that the nucleus consisted of positive protons and neutrally-charged particles, suggested to be a proton and an electron bound in some way. Electrons were assumed to reside within the nucleus because it was known that beta radiation consisted of electrons emitted from the nucleus. Rutherford called these uncharged particles "neutrons", by the

title: History of chemistry

text: be interpreted as wave or particle models. His hypothesis was that an incoming particle would strike the nucleus and create an excited compound nucleus. This formed the basis of his liquid drop model and later provided a theory base for the explanation of nuclear fission. In 1913, Henry Moseley, working from Van den Broek's earlier idea, introduces concept of atomic number to fix inadequacies of Mendeleev's periodic table, which had been based on atomic weight. The peak of Frederick Soddy's career in radiochemistry was in 1913 with his formulation of the concept of isotopes, which stated that certain elements exist

title: Atomic theory

text: the grains about, and developed a hypothetical mathematical model to describe it. This model was validated experimentally in 1908 by French physicist Jean Perrin, thus providing additional validation for particle theory (and by extension atomic theory). Atoms were thought to be the smallest possible division of matter until 1897 when J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays. A Crookes tube is a sealed glass container in which two electrodes are separated by a vacuum. When a voltage is applied across the electrodes, cathode rays are generated, creating a glowing patch where they strike the glass at

title: Maria Goeppert Mayer

text: time at Chicago and Argonne in the late 1940s, Goeppert Mayer developed a mathematical model for the structure of nuclear shells, which she published in 1950. Her model explained why certain numbers of nucleons in an atomic nucleus result in particularly stable configurations. These numbers are what Eugene Wigner called "magic numbers": 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126. Enrico Fermi provided a critical insight by asking her: "Is there any indication of spin orbit coupling?" She realised that this was indeed the case, and postulated that the nucleus is a series of closed shells and pairs of neutrons

title: Nuclear fission

text: of the atom in which a very small, dense and positively charged nucleus of protons (the neutron had not yet been discovered) was surrounded by orbiting, negatively charged electrons (the Rutherford model). Niels Bohr improved upon this in 1913 by reconciling the quantum behavior of electrons (the Bohr model). Work by Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, Pierre Curie, and Rutherford further elaborated that the nucleus, though tightly bound, could undergo different forms of radioactive decay, and thereby transmute into other elements. (For example, by alpha decay: the emission of an alpha particle—two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle

title: Rutherford model

title: Bohr model

text: (see Electron shell and the later discussion of the "Shell Model of the Atom" below). This was established empirically before Bohr presented his model. Bohr extended the model of hydrogen to give an approximate model for heavier atoms. This gave a physical picture that reproduced many known atomic properties for the first time. Heavier atoms have more protons in the nucleus, and more electrons to cancel the charge. Bohr's idea was that each discrete orbit could only hold a certain number of electrons. After that orbit is full, the next level would have to be used. This gives the atom

title: Plum pudding model

text: of a very small nucleus of positive charge at the center of gold atoms. This led to the development of the Rutherford model of the atom. Immediately after Rutherford published his results, Antonius Van den Broek made the intuitive proposal that the atomic number of an atom is the total number of units of charge present in its nucleus. Henry Moseley's 1913 experiments (see Moseley's law) provided the necessary evidence to support Van den Broek's proposal. The effective nuclear charge was found to be consistent with the atomic number (Moseley found only one unit of charge difference). This work culminated

title: Atom

text: Nobel prize in chemistry. Despite Hahn's efforts, the contributions of Meitner and Frisch were not recognized. In the 1950s, the development of improved particle accelerators and particle detectors allowed scientists to study the impacts of atoms moving at high energies. Neutrons and protons were found to be hadrons, or composites of smaller particles called quarks. The standard model of particle physics was developed that so far has successfully explained the properties of the nucleus in terms of these sub-atomic particles and the forces that govern their interactions. Though the word "atom" originally denoted a particle that cannot be cut into

title: Nuclear shell model

text: to deeper understanding of nuclear structure. The theory which gives a good description of these properties was developed. This description turned out to furnish the shell model basis of the elegant and successful interacting boson model. A model derived from the nuclear shell model is the alpha particle model developed by Henry Margenau, Edward Teller, J. K. Pering, T. H. Skyrme, also sometimes called the Skyrme model. Note, however, that the Skyrme model is usually taken to be a model of the nucleon itself, as a "cloud" of mesons (pions), rather than as a model of the nucleus as a

title: Atom

text: model, which proposed that the atom contains in its nucleus a number of positive nuclear charges that is equal to its (atomic) number in the periodic table. Until these experiments, atomic number was not known to be a physical and experimental quantity. That it is equal to the atomic nuclear charge remains the accepted atomic model today. Chemical bonds between atoms were now explained, by Gilbert Newton Lewis in 1916, as the interactions between their constituent electrons. As the chemical properties of the elements were known to largely repeat themselves according to the periodic law, in 1919 the American chemist

title: Rutherford model

text: the atom. Rutherford overturned Thomson's model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure. If Thomson was correct, the beam would go straight through the gold foil. Most of the beams went through the foil, but a few were reflected. Rutherford presented his own physical model for subatomic structure, as an interpretation for the unexpected experimental results. In it, the atom is made up

title: Nuclear structure

text: Nuclear structure Understanding the structure of the atomic nucleus is one of the central challenges in nuclear physics. The liquid drop model is one of the first models of nuclear structure, proposed by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1935. It describes the nucleus as a semiclassical fluid made up of neutrons and protons, with an internal repulsive electrostatic force proportional to the number of protons. The quantum mechanical nature of these particles appears via the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two nucleons of the same kind can be at the same state. Thus the fluid is actually what

title: Atomic nucleus

text: from the electron cloud. Protons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force. The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of () for hydrogen (the diameter of a single proton) to about for the heaviest atom uranium. These dimensions are much smaller than the diameter of the atom itself (nucleus + electron cloud), by a factor of about 26,634 (uranium atomic radius is about ()) to about 60,250 (hydrogen atomic radius is about ). The branch of physics concerned with the study and understanding of the atomic nucleus, including its composition and the

title: Atom

text: While experimenting with the products of radioactive decay, in 1913 radiochemist Frederick Soddy discovered that there appeared to be more than one type of atom at each position on the periodic table. The term isotope was coined by Margaret Todd as a suitable name for different atoms that belong to the same element. J.J. Thomson created a technique for isotope separation through his work on ionized gases, which subsequently led to the discovery of stable isotopes. In 1913 the physicist Niels Bohr proposed a model in which the electrons of an atom were assumed to orbit the nucleus but could

title: Atom

text: by producing the first statistical physics analysis of Brownian motion. French physicist Jean Perrin used Einstein's work to experimentally determine the mass and dimensions of atoms, thereby conclusively verifying Dalton's atomic theory. The physicist J.J. Thomson measured the mass of cathode rays, showing they were made of particles, but were around 1800 times lighter than the lightest atom, hydrogen. Therefore, they were not atoms, but a new particle, the first "subatomic" particle to be discovered, which he originally called ""corpuscle"" but was later named "electron", after particles postulated by George Johnstone Stoney in 1874. He also showed they were identical

title: Chemistry: A Volatile History

text: nucleus started with when it was uranium. Hahn wrote of his confusion to his colleague Lisa Meitner who, as an Austrian Jew, had recently fled Nazi Germany for Sweden. Over Christmas 1938, Meitner considered the problem of the uranium nucleus, which she reasoned, given its relative size, must be quite unstable. She decided to model the nucleus as a drop of water, ready to divide with the impact of a single neutron. She realised the nucleus had split in half, and both Fermi and Hahn had witnessed what is now known as nuclear fission. However, in doing the calculations for

title: Discovery of the neutron

text: spent much of the war working as a radiologist and medical X-ray technician near the Austrian front, while Hahn, a chemist, worked on research in poison gas warfare. In 1920 Rutherford gave a Bakerian lecture at the Royal Society entitled the "Nuclear Constitution of Atoms", a summary of what was then known about the nucleus of the atom. By 1920, the existence of electrons within the atomic nucleus was widely assumed. It was assumed the nucleus consisted of hydrogen nuclei in number equal to the atomic mass. But since each hydrogen had charge +1, the nucleus required a smaller number

title: Bohr model

text: integer. But Moseley's law experimentally probes the innermost pair of electrons, and shows that they do see a nuclear charge of approximately Z−1, while the outermost electron in an atom or ion with only one electron in the outermost shell orbits a core with effective charge Z−k where k is the total number of electrons in the inner shells. The shell model was able to qualitatively explain many of the mysterious properties of atoms which became codified in the late 19th century in the periodic table of the elements. One property was the size of atoms, which could be determined

title: Dmitri Ivanenko

text: the atomic nucleus, in connection with which the name Ivanenko entered physics textbooks, including school textbooks. Later D. Ivanenko and E. Gapon proposed the idea of the shell distribution of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (nuclear shell model). In 1933 on the initiative of D. Ivanenko and I. Kurchatov the first Soviet nuclear conference was called. In 1934 D. Ivanenko and I. Tamm laid the basis of the first non-phenomenological theory of paired electron-neutron nuclear forces. They made the significant assumption that interaction can be undergone by exchange of particles with a rest mass not equal to zero. Based

title: Discovery of the neutron

text: composed of protons and neutrons, although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear. Within months after the discovery of the neutron, Werner Heisenberg and Dmitri Ivanenko had proposed proton–neutron models for the nucleus. Heisenberg's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics. While Heisenberg's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a "major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system," he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons. In particular, Heisenberg assumed the neutron was a proton–electron composite, for which there is no quantum mechanical explanation.

title: Plum pudding model

text: Plum pudding model The plum pudding model is one of several scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the model represented an attempt to consolidate the known properties of atoms at the time: 1) electrons are negatively-charged particles and 2) atoms are neutrally-charged. In this model, atoms were known to consist of negatively charged electrons. Though Thomson called them "corpuscles", they were more commonly called "electrons" as G. J. Stoney proposed in 1894. At the time, atoms were known

title: Discovery of the neutron

text: number had been identified as the charge on the nucleus. Throughout the 1920s, the nucleus was viewed as composed of combinations of protons and electrons, the two elementary particles known at the time, but that model presented several experimental and theoretical contradictions. The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton. The uncharged neutron was immediately exploited as a new means to probe nuclear structure, leading to such discoveries as the creation of new radioactive

title: 20th century in science

text: opened the avenue to the solution of the self-consistent field equations for small molecules like hydrogen or nitrogen. Those computations were performed with the help of tables of integrals which were computed on the most advanced computers of the time. In the 1940s many physicists turned from molecular or atomic physics to nuclear physics (like J. Robert Oppenheimer or Edward Teller). Glenn T. Seaborg was an American nuclear chemist best known for his work on isolating and identifying transuranium elements (those heavier than uranium). He shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Edwin Mattison McMillan for their independent discoveries

title: Geiger–Marsden experiment

text: experiment was the "plum pudding model". This model was devised by Lord Kelvin and further developed by J. J. Thomson. Thomson was the scientist who discovered the electron, and that it was a component of every atom. Thomson believed the atom was a sphere of positive charge throughout which the electrons were distributed, a bit like plums in a Christmas pudding. The existence of protons and neutrons was unknown at this time. They knew atoms were very tiny (Rutherford assumed they were in the order of 10 m in radius). This model was based entirely on classical (Newtonian) physics; the

title: Nuclear force

text: neutrons to be different quantum states of the same particle, i.e., nucleons distinguished by the value of their nuclear isospin quantum numbers. One of the earliest models for the nucleus was the liquid drop model developed in the 1930s. One property of nuclei is that the average binding energy per nucleon is approximately the same for all stable nuclei, which is similar to a liquid drop. The liquid drop model treated the nucleus as a drop of incompressible nuclear fluid, with nucleons behaving like molecules in a liquid. The model was first proposed by George Gamow and then developed by

title: Rutherford model

long_answer: The Rutherford model is a model of the atom devised by Ernest Rutherford. Rutherford directed the famous Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909 which suggested, upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis, that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect. Rutherford's new model for the atom, based on the experimental results, contained the new features of a relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume in comparison to the rest of the atom and with this central volume also containing the bulk of the atomic mass of the atom. This region would be known as the "nucleus" of the atom.