question: who started the guinness book of world records

answers: Sir Hugh Beaver

answers: Sir Hugh Beaver,

answers: Hugh Beaver

answers: Norris and Ross McWhirter

answers: brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter

title: Ashrita Furman

text: 2007. Longer than the pencil outside the Malaysia HQ of stationers Faber-Castell, it was transported from Queens, New York, to the City Museum in St. Louis. In April 2009 Furman became the first person to hold 100 Guinness World Records at once. Ashrita Furman Ashrita Furman (born Keith Furman, September 16, 1954) is a "Guinness World Records" record-breaker. As of 2017, Furman has set more than 600 official Guinness Records and currently holds 226 records. His most recent record is 26 watermelons sliced on his stomach in one minute thus holding the record for the most Guinness world records. He

text: Guinness World Records. Kristian Teufel, an official Guinness World Records adjudicator, is present on stage while every participant attempts to break a record and constitutes the final authority on the record, being the one who analyses the performance and announces the results. Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega (English: "Guinness World Records – Now India will Break") is a reality TV show based on the Guinness Book of World Records. The show, which was hosted by Preity Zinta and Shabbir Ahluwalia, premiered on 18 March 2011 to an audience measurement of 3.3

title: Manjit Singh (strongman)

text: world record for the Guinness Book. Manjit Singh (strongman) Manjit Singh is a strongman originally from India, who moved to Leicestershire in 1977. He holds a number of Guinness World Records for feats of strength concerned with pulling large obstacles. Singh has recently come to greater attention in the UK after his appearance in the third series of "Britain's Got Talent". He is a serial breaker and setter of Guinness World Records and at last count is noted as holding 31, including pulling an empty double-decker bus over 55 feet with his teeth, pulling a double-decker with 54 passengers on

title: Ashrita Furman

text: Ashrita Furman Ashrita Furman (born Keith Furman, September 16, 1954) is a "Guinness World Records" record-breaker. As of 2017, Furman has set more than 600 official Guinness Records and currently holds 226 records. His most recent record is 26 watermelons sliced on his stomach in one minute thus holding the record for the most Guinness world records. He has been breaking records since 1979. Furman was born in 1954 in Brooklyn, New York. He was fascinated with the "Guinness Book of World Records" as a child but never thought he could ever break a record, since he was very nonathletic.

text: Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega (English: "Guinness World Records – Now India will Break") is a reality TV show based on the Guinness Book of World Records. The show, which was hosted by Preity Zinta and Shabbir Ahluwalia, premiered on 18 March 2011 to an audience measurement of 3.3 rating points. Each episode presents different individuals trying to break official world records. The format of the show is similar to that of previous TV shows based on the book of world records. The show's initial goal was to break over 70

title: Harold Chapson

text: "Sports Illustrated," August 20, 1973 issue. On his 80th birthday, he set the M80 world record in the 800 meters and 1500 meters. He further improved the 800 record, the 1500 record lasted for just over 29 years. Harold Chapson Harold B. Chapson (born July 11, 1902 Pagosa Springs, Colorado-November 19, 1992 in Kaneohe, Hawaii) was an American masters athlete. As the division was in its infancy, Chanson explored the abilities of a 70 plus year old, setting numerous Masters athletics world records in events from 400 metres to 1500 metres. He still holds many American records. In 1998 he

title: Denise Mueller-Korenek

text: woman in history to hold the world record, which was first established in 1889. Denise Mueller was born into a family of daredevils. Her father, Myron Mueller, was an ultra-distance cyclist; he celebrated his 70th birthday by pedaling the entire perimeter of the continental United States, a distance of more than . He is in the "Guinness Book of World Records" as the oldest person to bicycle that perimeter. Her mother, Anna Dement, raced midget demolition-derby cars. "In our family, crazy is our sort of normal," Denise said. She graduated from San Dieguito High School. Mueller competed as a junior

title: Fiann Paul

text: Fiann Paul Fiann Paul (born 1980) is an Icelandic explorer, athlete and artist, who holds the world's second-highest number of Guinness World Records within one discipline (30 total, 23 performance based) as of 2018, after Michael Phelps (26, 24), followed by Roger Federer (27, 22). He is known for being the fastest ocean rower (2016) and the most record-breaking ocean rower (2017), one of the most record-breaking explorers (adjudicated 2018), and one of the most record breaking athletes, breaking a total of 34 records during his sports and explorations career, including 24 performance based Guinness World Records within one singular

title: Hidekichi Miyazaki

text: October 3, 2010, on the same track, Miyazaki set the record in the M100 division at 29.83, which is the mark ratified by World Masters Athletics, the world governing body for athletics over age 35. Just three days before his 105-year race, American Donald Pellmann surpassed Miyazaki's M100 record, running 26.99 in a race in San Diego. In that meet, Pellmann also became the first centenarian to record a successful long jump and high jump. Pellmann also attempted a pole vault. Hidekichi Miyazaki Hidekichi Miyazaki (born September 22, 1910), is a Japanese centenarian masters athlete, affectionally nicknamed Golden Bolt, a

title: Guinness World Records

text: Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London in August 1954.

title: Adili Wuxor

text: Wuxor received was from Shanghai Great World, whose Chinese name, "Jinisi", sounds similar to the Mandarin pronunciation of "Guinness". The firm is not connected to Guinness World Records, but is managed by the Shanghai Media Group, run by the Shanghai government. According to Guinness, the world record is held by Jorge Ojeda-Guzman, who spent 205 days on a wire in 1993. Adili Wuxor Adili Wuxor is a Chinese tightrope walker who was reported to have set a new world record on July 1, 2010, after he spent 60 days walking on a tightrope in the Bird's Nest Stadium. Wuxor is

title: Guinness World Records

text: the Hollywood, Niagara Falls, Copenhagen, and Gatlinburg, Tennessee museums also previously featured this branding. Guinness World Records has commissioned various television series documenting world record breaking attempts, including: Specials: With the popularity of reality television, Guinness World Records began to market itself as the originator of the television genre, with slogans such as "we wrote the book on Reality TV". In 2008, Guinness World Records released its gamer's edition, a branch that keeps records for popular video game high scores, code, and feats in association with Twin Galaxies. The Gamer's Edition contains 258 pages, over 1236 video game related world

title: Guinness World Records Smashed

text: part in some of the record attempts, with Shephard performing a record-breaking reverse bungee jump. Konnie Huq and Steve Jones presented the series which first aired on 19 April 2009. The record attempts were commentated on by Peter Dickson. Marco Frigatti is the Director of the global records management team for Guinness World Records and the chief adjudicator on the show. Guinness World Records Smashed Guinness World Records Smashed was a British television show for Sky1, that featured record attempts, celebrity guests and death-defying stunts. A one-off pilot episode was transmitted on 23 November 2008, and a full 10-part series

title: Bob Beamon

text: Bob Beamon Robert Beamon (born August 29, 1946) is an American former track and field athlete, best known for his world record in the long jump at the Mexico City Olympics in 1968. He broke the existing record by a margin of 55 cm (21¾ in.) and his world record stood for almost 23 years until it was broken in 1991 by Mike Powell. The jump is still the Olympic record and the second longest wind legal jump in history. Robert Beamon was born in South Jamaica, Queens, New York. When he was attending Jamaica High School he was discovered

title: Suresh Joachim

text: Suresh Joachim Suresh Joachim Arulanantham is a Tamil Canadian film actor, producer, and multiple-Guinness World Record holder who has broken more than 60 world records set in several countries in attempts to benefit underprivileged children around the world. In 1991, Suresh Joachim first discovered the Guinness Book of World Records. He was then inspired to break them himself, as it was the most obvious way he found for an average person like him to become famous. Joachim's first record attempt involved running in his hometown of Colombo, Sri Lanka for at least a little bit every hour for 1000 consecutive

title: Marco Frigatti

text: Guinness World Records company, in 2003. Frigatti had a catchphrase on the Sky 1 show, just before a record attempt is undertaken he says: "Marco, Pronto" (translation: Marco, Ready). Frigatti works as an adjudicator on many other "Guinness World Records" shows, such as the Italian "", the German "Guinness World Records" - "Die größten Weltrekorde" and the Chinese "Zheng Da Zong Yi". Marco Frigatti Marco Frigatti (born 1 May 1970 in Venice) is the head of the global records management team for "Guinness World Records". He also starred in the Sky 1 television show "Guinness World Records Smashed" where he

title: World record

text: in India are Limca Book of Records, Unique World Records, World Records India, and Asia Book of Records. Some sports have world records recognised by their respective sports governing bodies: World record A world record is usually the best global performance ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill or sport. The book "Guinness World Records" collates and publishes notable records of all types, from first and best to worst human achievements, to extremes in the natural world and beyond. In the United States the form World's Record was formerly more common. The term World Best was also briefly

title: Amy Hughes (runner)

text: to the Guinness Book of Records, the current women's record is 60, set by Alice Burch in Southampton, England in 2015, and the previous women's record was 17, set by Parvaneh Moayedi in 2013. Hughes also raised over £42,000, of which £10,000 was donated to the Neurosurgery Department at Alder Hey Children's Hospital. Hughes' record attempt received praise on social media, including from some notable celebrities. England football captain Wayne Rooney described her efforts as "a great achievement", whilst Paula Radcliffe tweeted her support for the "amazing and inspirational accomplishment". In 2017, Hughes claimed to have broken the 7 day

title: Marco Frigatti

text: Marco Frigatti Marco Frigatti (born 1 May 1970 in Venice) is the head of the global records management team for "Guinness World Records". He also starred in the Sky 1 television show "Guinness World Records Smashed" where he presides over all the record attempts as the show's chief adjudicator. As a student Frigatti studied languages at the Advanced School of Modern Languages in Trieste. His knowledge of language includes English, German, Italian, French, Dutch and Mandarin. Later he went on to a career in marketing and communications, which took him around Europe. After finally settling in London, he joined the

title: Jim Hines

text: Smith ran 9.93, also at altitude, in July 1983. He was Inducted into the Texas Track and Field Coaches Hall of Fame, Class of 2016. Jim Hines James Ray Hines (born September 10, 1946) is a retired American track and field athlete, who held the 100 m world record for 15 years. In 1968, he became the first man to officially break the 10-second barrier in the 100 meters, and won individual and relay gold at the Mexico Olympics. Born in Dumas, Arkansas, Hines was raised in Oakland, California and graduated from McClymonds High School in 1964. He was a

title: Guinness World Records

text: of charge. There is an administration fee of $5 to propose a new record title. A number of spin-off books and television series have also been produced. "Guinness World Records" bestowed the record of "Person with the most records" on Ashrita Furman of Queens, NY in April 2009. At that time, he held 100 records. In 2005, Guinness designated 9 November as "International Guinness World Records Day" to encourage breaking of world records. In 2006, an estimated 100,000 people participated in over 10 countries. Guinness reported 2,244 new records in 12 months, which was a 173% increase over the previous

title: Alastair Galpin

text: Alastair Galpin Alastair Galpin (born 1974, East London, South Africa) is the 2nd biggest Guinness World Records breaker of the 2000s decade, breaking 38 World Records, behind Ashrita Furman. He immigrated to New Zealand in 2002, and says that his career in Record Breaking was inspired when he met champion rally driver, Simon Evans, in Kenya in 1998. Alastair Galpin has broken over 85 world records for feats including having the most snails on the face (eight in 10 seconds) and the most rubber-bands stretched over the face (62 in one minute). He also holds the most stamps licked (57

title: Deepak Kumar Pandey

text: Records", "Unique World Records", India Book of Records, Asia Book of Records and World Record India. Deepak Kumar Pandey was the three-time "Limca Book of Records" holder in the literature field. These back to back records were awarded him by records team in the years of 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. Deepak Kumar Pandey Deepak Kumar Pandey Or "Recordman of Literature" (born 20 August 1985) is an Indian writer from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh. He published his first book on the Constitution of India, titled "Bhas", in Hindi in 2013. This book also been praised by the former chief justice of

title: Selsey

text: Desert Island Discs on BBC Radio 4. Air Commodore Edward 'Teddy' Mortlock Donaldson CB, CBE, DSO, AFC and Bar, LoM (USA) (1912–1992) who set a new world air speed record of 616 mph in September 1946, also breaking the barrier for the first time in the Star Meteor IV. Donaldson lived at Iron Latch Cottage and there is a blue plaque on the beach at the bottom of Park Lane to mark the event. Donaldson has a second plaque at No. 86, Grafton Road. Sir Patrick Moore (1923 - 2012) – astronomer, writer, researcher, radio commentator and television presenter, lived

title: Guinness World Records

text: 2008. In 2012, Warner Bros. announced the development of a live-action film version of "Guinness World Records" with Daniel Chun as scriptwriter. The film version will apparently use the heroic achievements of record holders as the basis for a narrative that should have global appeal. Guinness World Records Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild

title: Guinness World Records

text: from obvious ones such as Olympic weightlifting to the longest egg tossing distances, or for longest time spent playing "Grand Theft Auto IV" or the number of hot dogs that can be consumed in three minutes. Besides records about competitions, it contains such facts such as the heaviest tumour, the most poisonous fungus, the longest-running soap opera and the most valuable life-insurance policy, among others. Many records also relate to the youngest people to have achieved something, such as the youngest person to visit all nations of the world (Maurizio Giuliano). Each edition contains a selection of the records from

title: Donald Pellmann

text: in the high jump. Pellmann also set records in the shot put, discus throw and long jump. Later that week, Pellmann was named USATF "Athlete of the Week". Donald Pellmann Donald Pellmann (born August 12, 1915) is an American centenarian multi world-record setting masters athlete. He holds the current M90 world record (for men aged 90 or above) in the long jump, high jump, discus throw, and indoor pole vault. Additionally, he also holds the American records in the 100 metres, triple jump, shot put, and javelin throw. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, he was a child of the Great Depression.

title: Edit Bérces

text: two weeks after winning the European 24-hour Championship, she set a world record over 24 hours on the track as well as a 100-mile world record en route. Based on those accomplishments, Ultramarathon World voted her the top female ultramarathoner of 2002. In 2004, Berces set a 24-hour world record on the treadmill and set a 100-mile world record as well en route. Both of these records still stand. At the tim, Bérces's 24-hour record was better than the men's world record. Edit Bérces Edit Bérces (born May 16, 1964 in Zalaegerszeg, Hungary) is an ultramarathon runner, world record holder,

title: Guinness World Records

text: by Guinness PLC and subsequently Diageo until 2001, when it was purchased by Gullane Entertainment. Gullane was itself purchased by HIT Entertainment in 2002. In 2006, Apax Partners purchased HiT and subsequently sold Guinness World Records in early 2008 to the Jim Pattison Group, the parent company of Ripley Entertainment, which is licensed to operate Guinness World Records' Attractions. With offices in New York City and Tokyo, Guinness World Records' global headquarters remain in London, while its museum attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in Orlando, Florida, US. Recent editions have focused on record feats by person competitors. Competitions range

title: Donald Pellmann

text: Donald Pellmann Donald Pellmann (born August 12, 1915) is an American centenarian multi world-record setting masters athlete. He holds the current M90 world record (for men aged 90 or above) in the long jump, high jump, discus throw, and indoor pole vault. Additionally, he also holds the American records in the 100 metres, triple jump, shot put, and javelin throw. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, he was a child of the Great Depression. He had high jumped in high school, where he claims he was "not great," but work soon took priority. He was a tool and die maker and remained

title: Guinness World Records

short_answers:
Hugh Beaver
Norris and Ross McWhirter
Sir Hugh Beaver
Sir Hugh Beaver,
brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter


question: which president supported the creation of the environmental protection agency (epa)

answers: Richard Nixon

answers: President Richard Nixon

title: Presidency of Richard Nixon

text: but he did not oppose the goals of the environmental movement. In 1970, he signed the National Environmental Policy Act and established the Environmental Protection Agency, which was charged with coordinating and enforcing federal environmental policy. During his presidency, Nixon also signed the Clean Air Act of 1970, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act of 1973. While applauding Nixon's progressive policy agenda, environmentalists found much to criticize in his record. The administration strongly supported continued funding of the "noise-polluting" Supersonic transport (SST), which Congress dropped funding for in 1971. Additionally, he vetoed the Clean Water Act of

title: Environmental policy

text: of the agency. Five months earlier, in July 1970, President Nixon had signed Reorganization Plan No. 3 calling for the establishment of EPA in July 1970. At the time, Environmental Policy was a bipartisan issue and the efforts of the United States of America helped spark countries around the world to create environmental policies. During this period, legislation was passed to regulate pollutants that go into the air, water tables, and solid waste disposal. President Nixon signed the Clean Air Act in 1970 which set the USA as one of the world leaders in environmental conservation. In the European Union,

title: Conservation in the United States

text: lands, and natural resources. In 1968 the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act was passed, followed two years later by the implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA"), the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ("NOAA"), as well as the celebration of the inaugural Earth Day. The momentum carried on into 1972 when the Clean Water Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the Coastal Zone Management Act, and the Endangered Species Act were passed. Moreover, 1972 saw the banning of DDT by the EPA. The Wilderness Act On 3 September 1964, President

title: Barry Commoner

text: the decision of the Nixon administration in the following June to announce the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Clean Air Act of 1970. In 1980, Commoner founded the Citizens Party to serve as a vehicle for his ecological message, and he ran for president of the United States in the 1980 US election. His vice presidential running mate was La Donna Harris, the Native-American wife of Fred Harris, a former Democratic senator from Oklahoma, although she was replaced on the ballot in Ohio by Wretha Hanson. His candidacy for president on the Citizens Party ticket won

title: Environmental policy of the United States

text: the issuance of stationary source operating permits, and expansion of the regulatory program for toxic air emissions. Congress passed the bill with large majorities in both houses, and Bush signed the bill on November 15, 1990. The private-sector Council on Competitiveness (distinct from the federal Competitiveness Policy Council) was formed in 1989 to play the same role as the previous Task Force on Regulatory Relief that Bush had served on in the Reagan administration, which was to negotiate on behalf of the President for regulatory relief with the heads of federal agencies. This executive branch agency negotiated with EPA Administrator

title: William Ruckelshaus

text: Environmental Protection Agency, in 1970. Ruckelshaus became the United States Environmental Protection Agency's first Administrator when the agency was formed on December 2, 1970, by President Nixon. Although many people were mentioned as possibilities for this new position, Ruckelshaus got the nod based upon the strong recommendation of the U.S. Attorney General, John Mitchell. The idea was initially proposed in a Newsweek opinion column by a friend of Ruckelshaus without his knowledge, after which he approached his boss at the U.S. Department of Justice (Mitchell) about the position. Ruckelshaus laid the foundation for the EPA by hiring its leaders, defining

title: Roy Ash

text: In November 1969, the President's Domestic Council instructed Ash to study whether all federal environmental activities should be unified in one agency. According to a report by the U.S. EPA, during meetings in spring 1970, Ash at first expressed a preference for a single department to oversee both environmental and natural resource management; by April he had changed his mind; in a memorandum to the President he advocated a separate regulatory agency devoted solely to anti-pollution programs. The report of the Commission lead to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency. Following Nixon's re-election in 1972, Ash was named the

title: EPA Sustainability

text: of these results that can help companies to make decisions in favor of the environment. EPA Sustainability The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in July 1970 when the White House and the United States Congress came together due to the public's demand for cleaner natural resources. The purpose of the EPA is to repair the damage done to the environment and to set up new criteria to allow Americans to make a clean environment a reality. The ultimate goal of the EPA is to protect human health and the environment. Since the 1980s sustainability has become a

text: to do something about a problem that clearly was on the minds of a lot of people in this country," leading to tens of thousands of resumes from those eager to participate in the mighty effort to clean up America's environment. When EPA first began operation, members of the private sector felt strongly that the environmental protection movement was a passing fad. Ruckelshaus stated that he felt pressure to show a public which was deeply skeptical about government's effectiveness, that EPA could respond effectively to widespread concerns about pollution. In 1972, Congress amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act,

text: total freeze was put on new regulations. On July 21, 1989, Bush sent a bill to Congress proposing amendments to the Clean Air Act. The core of the amendments were meant to reduce acid rain by limiting sulfur dioxide emissions from coal burning plants, to bring eighty urban areas up to current air quality standards and to lower emissions from over two- hundred airborne toxic chemicals. Bush originally supported a cap-and-trade system to reduce chemical emissions but eventually adopted a more Republican stance. The final version of the bill included new regulatory programs for control of acid rain and for

text: federal actions significantly affecting the environment. The "detailed statement" would ultimately be referred to as an environmental impact statement (EIS). On July 9, 1970, Nixon proposed an executive reorganization that consolidated many environmental responsibilities of the federal government under one agency, a new Environmental Protection Agency. This proposal included merging antipollution programs from a number of departments, such as the combination of pesticide programs from the United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Interior, and U.S. Department of Interior. After conducting hearings during that summer, the House and Senate approved the proposal. The EPA was created 90 days before it

title: Rachel Carson

text: activist groups had succeeded in securing a phase-out of DDT use in the United States (except in emergency cases). The creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by the Nixon Administration in 1970 addressed another concern that Carson had brought to light. Until then, the same agency (the USDA) was responsible both for regulating pesticides and promoting the concerns of the agriculture industry; Carson saw this as a conflict of interest, since the agency was not responsible for effects on wildlife or other environmental concerns beyond farm policy. Fifteen years after its creation, one journalist described the EPA as "the

title: Richard Nixon

text: of trouble on environmental issues." Other initiatives supported by Nixon included the Clean Air Act of 1970 and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the National Environmental Policy Act required environmental impact statements for many Federal projects. Nixon vetoed the Clean Water Act of 1972—objecting not to the policy goals of the legislation but to the amount of money to be spent on them, which he deemed excessive. After Congress overrode his veto, Nixon impounded the funds he deemed unjustifiable. In 1971, Nixon proposed health insurance reform—a private health insurance employer mandate, federalization of Medicaid for poor families

title: Environmental movement in the United States

text: extensive legislation, notably the Clean Air Act of 1970 and the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. Other legislation included the 1970 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which established the Council on Environmental Quality; the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972; the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the Safe Drinking Water Act (1974), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976), the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1977, which became known as the Clean Water Act, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, commonly known as the Superfund Act (1980). These laws regulated public drinking

text: politics after the creation or strengthening of numerous US environmental laws, including the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act and the formation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970. These successes were followed by the enactment of a whole series of laws regulating waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act), toxic substances (Toxic Substances Control Act), pesticides (FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act), clean-up of polluted sites (Superfund), protection of endangered species (Endangered Species Act), and more. Fewer environmental laws have been passed in the last decade as corporations and other conservative interests have increased their

text: not submit the treaty to the Senate), and stood firm against Republican attempts after the 1994 elections to roll back environmental laws and regulations through the appropriations process. During the Clinton administration, the EPA's budget was increased, and much of the country's natural resources were put under greater protection, such as the restoration of the Everglades and the increase in size of the Everglades National Park. Important U.S. Supreme Court cases from this period included United States v. Weitzenhoff, et al. In 2002 President George W. Bush announced an environment legislative initiative titled Clear Skies. The Clear Skies proposal's stated

title: Hexavalent chromium

text: such Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York. A specific example was in 1969, the Chicago Metropolitan Sanitary District imposed regulations on factories that were identified as having large amounts of heavy metal discharge. On December 2, 1970 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was formed. With the formation of the EPA, the federal government had the funds and the oversight to influence major environmental changes. Following the formation of the EPA, the United States saw groundbreaking legislation such as the Clean Water Act (1972) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (1974). The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) of 1948 was

title: Environmental Action

text: Recovery Act of 1976. Following passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970, Environmental Action turned its attention to water pollution. With Senator Edmund Muskie and his Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution in the driver’s seat, this major update of the 1965 water pollution law moved forward with almost unprecedented bipartisan support. The Clean Water Act passed 86-0 in the Senate in 1971 and also in the House in 1972. When President Nixon vetoed it on grounds that it was too costly, his veto was overridden by 52-12 in the Senate and 247-23 in the House. The law went

title: Douglas M. Costle

text: Douglas M. Costle Douglas Michael Costle (born July 27, 1939) was one of the architects of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and he served President Jimmy Carter as EPA Administrator from 1977 to 1981. Costle was born on July 27, 1939 in Long Beach, California, but he grew up in the Pacific Northwest. His early experiences there, including fishing, shaped his awareness of the need for environmental protections. Costle received a B.A. from Harvard University in 1961, and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1964. He became a member of the bar in Washington,

text: control over the EPA, and its enforcements are subject to the political agenda of who is in power. Republicans and Democrats differ in their approaches to environmental justice. While President Bill Clinton signed the executive order 12898, the Bush administration did not develop a clear plan or establish goals for integrating environmental justice into everyday practices, affecting the motivation for environmental enforcement. The EPA is responsible for preventing and detecting environmental crimes, informing the public of environmental enforcement, and setting and monitoring standards of air pollution, water pollution, hazardous wastes and chemicals. "It is difficult to construct a specific mission

title: George W. Bush

text: 1997 on a resolution expressing its disapproval of the protocol. In May 2001, Bush signed an executive order to create an interagency task force to streamline energy projects, and later signed two other executive orders to tackle environmental issues. In 2002, Bush announced the Clear Skies Act of 2003, which aimed at amending the Clean Air Act to reduce air pollution through the use of emissions trading programs. Many experts argued that this legislation would have weakened the original legislation by allowing higher emission rates of pollutants than were previously legal. The initiative was introduced to Congress, but failed to

title: Presidency of George H. W. Bush

text: legislation sought to curb acid rain and smog by requiring decreased emissions of chemicals such as sulfur dioxide. The measure was the first major update to the Clean Air Act since 1977. Bush also signed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 in response to the Exxon Valdez oil spill. However, the League of Conservation Voters criticized some of Bush's other environmental actions, including his opposition to stricter auto-mileage standards. President Bush devoted attention to voluntary service as a means of solving some of America's most serious social problems. He often used the "thousand points of light" theme to describe the

text: Congress expressed a continuing concern over federal agency actions affecting the environment. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) was modeled on the Resources and Conservation Act of 1959 (RCA). RCA would have established a Council on Environmental Quality in the office of the President, declared a national environmental policy, and required the preparation of an annual environmental report. President Nixon signed NEPA into law on January 1, 1970. The law created the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) in the Executive Office of the President. NEPA required that a detailed statement of environmental impacts be prepared for all major

text: up local waters. Shortly after passage, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created. From that point on, Environmental Protection Agency and National Association of Clean Water Agencies worked together to clean up water pollution in the Nation’s cities. By that time, National Association of Clean Water Agencies "had become an organization consulted by members of the federal government concerned with water pollution". National Association of Clean Water Agencies worked closely with Congress on the 1977 Clean Water Act Amendment, securing $26 billion for municipal clean water construction grants. "These were local government people, and they were truly doing the

text: had to operate, and officially opened its doors on December 2, 1970. The agency's first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus, took the oath of office on December 4, 1970. In its first year, the EPA had a budget of $1.4 billion and 5,800 employees. At its start, the EPA was primarily a technical assistance agency that set goals and standards. Soon, new acts and amendments passed by Congress gave the agency its regulatory authority. EPA staff recall that in the early days there was "an enormous sense of purpose and excitement" and the expectation that "there was this agency which was going

title: Clean Air Act (United States)

text: gasoline, and mandated new gasoline formulations sold from May to September in many states. Reviewing his tenure as EPA Administrator under President George H. W. Bush, William K. Reilly characterized passage of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act as his most notable accomplishment. The Clean Air Act was the first major environmental law in the United States to include a provision for citizen suits. Numerous state and local governments have enacted similar legislation, either implementing federal programs or filling in locally important gaps in federal programs. This section of the act declares that protecting and enhancing the nation's

text: innovation and restriction. George H. W. Bush appointed the first environmentalist, William Reilly, to head the EPA, along with others with strong environmental inclinations. Before accepting the appointment, Reilly secured the President’s agreement to support his pro-environment agenda and his access to the White House, but competing interests ensured conflicts. In other departments with environmental responsibilities and in White House offices, however, he appointed people who were more development-oriented, such as John H. Sununu, Richard Darman, and Dan Quayle. While considerable regulation was initially passed, during his last two years in office he severely restricted regulation, and in 1992, a

title: EPA Sustainability

text: EPA Sustainability The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in July 1970 when the White House and the United States Congress came together due to the public's demand for cleaner natural resources. The purpose of the EPA is to repair the damage done to the environment and to set up new criteria to allow Americans to make a clean environment a reality. The ultimate goal of the EPA is to protect human health and the environment. Since the 1980s sustainability has become a term used in reference to environmental and human issues. Sustainability is typically defined as, the

title: Green conservatism

text: support for the development of market-based solutions to environmental problems. According to the platform, "economic prosperity and environmental protection must advance together, environmental regulations should be based on science, the government’s role should be to provide market-based incentives to develop the technologies to meet environmental standards, we should ensure that environmental policy meets the needs of localities, and environmental policy should focus on achieving results processes." The George W. Bush administration, along with several of the candidates that sought the Republican Presidential nomination in 2008, supported increased Federal investment into the development of clean alternative fuels, increased nuclear power, as

long_answer: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or sometimes U.S. EPA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA and it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the President and approved by Congress. The current Administrator is Scott Pruitt. The EPA is not a Cabinet department, but the Administrator is normally given cabinet rank.

short_answers:
President Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon


question: who sings i'm going to soak up the sun

answers: Kidz Bop Kids

answers: American artist Sheryl Crow

answers: backing vocals by Liz Phair

answers: Sheryl Crow

title: Soak Up the Sun

text: by noted DJ Victor Calderone) spent one week at number one on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Play chart in June 2002; to date, this is Crow's only song to top this chart. In Europe, it reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart and number 15 in Austria and Switzerland, while in New Zealand, the song reached number 19. The song was also included on the album "Nolee Mix" which was released to promote the My Scene dolls. The song was a staple of radio airplay during the summer of 2002. The video directed by Wayne Isham and shot

title: We'll Sing in the Sunshine

text: non-charting UK single release of "We'll Sing in the Sunshine" in 1966. "We'll Sing in the Sunshine" was a minor C&W hit in 1970 for Lawanda Lindsey, reaching number 63, serving as the title cut for an album as it did in 1978 for Helen Reddy. Reddy's version, produced by Kim Fowley, was issued as a single and reached #12 on the Easy Listening chart. We'll Sing in the Sunshine "We'll Sing in the Sunshine" is a 1964 hit song written and recorded by Gale Garnett which reached number two in Canada, and number four on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot

title: We'll Sing in the Sunshine

text: We'll Sing in the Sunshine "We'll Sing in the Sunshine" is a 1964 hit song written and recorded by Gale Garnett which reached number two in Canada, and number four on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for the week ending 17 October 1964. The song also enjoyed success on easy listening and country music radio stations, spending seven weeks at number one on the "Billboard" Easy Listening chart and number 42 on the country chart. The "Cash Box" Top 100 ranked "We'll Sing in the Sunshine" at number one for the week of 31 October 1964, and it also

title: Yellow Balloon

text: of the song did not exist until after the recording was done. Those two lines from the Bridge section were used in the Yellow Balloon's version of the song. The added lyrics are: "I know the sky's gonna get lighter,/The sun's gonna shine a little brighter". The song is noted for its key change, from F to G. The song is also noted for its change of rhythm from 6/8 to 3/4 in the wordless verse with the "BA BAs", until it reverts back to the 6/8 rhythm for the final repeated Chorus, before the fade out of the song.

title: I'll Follow the Sun

text: on having varied instrumentation. Ringo couldn't keep changing his drum kit, but he could change his snare, tap a cardboard box or slap his knees." I'll Follow the Sun "I'll Follow the Sun" is a song by the Beatles. It is a ballad written primarily and sung by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. It was released in 1964 on the "Beatles for Sale" album in the United Kingdom and on "Beatles '65" in the United States, but was written long before that year: a version recorded in 1960 can be found on the bootleg record "You Might As Well

title: SOAK

text: SOAK Bridie Monds-Watson, better known by her stage name SOAK, is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter born in Derry in 1996. SOAK's music has been described as 'a vivid portrait of teenage deep-thinking' by "The Guardian". She released her debut studio album "Before We Forgot How to Dream" in May 2015. In November 2014 she was revealed as one of acts on the BBC Sound of 2015 long list. On 20 January 2015 she released her debut single "Sea Creatures". She released her debut studio album "Before We Forgot How to Dream" on 29 May 2015 which won the Irish Choice

title: Who? (song)

text: Who? (song) "Who?" (1925) is a popular song (sometimes written as "Who (Stole My Heart Away)?") written for the Broadway musical "Sunny" by Jerome Kern, Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II. The song was also featured in the film version of "Sunny" (1930) starring Marilyn Miller. George Olsen and His Orchestra scored a major hit with their 1925 recording of the song. Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra with vocalist Jack Leonard had a hit with it in the late 1930s; their arrangement was patterned after Dorsey's 1937 recording of "Marie". Judy Garland sang the song in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer biopic "Till

title: Summertime (George Gershwin song)

text: singing the song. That rendition finished at #52 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. <poem style="margin-left: 2em;">Summertime, and the livin' is easy Fish are jumpin' and the cotton is high Oh, your daddy's rich and your ma is good-lookin' So hush, little baby, don't you cry One of these mornings you're gonna rise up singing And you'll spread your wings and you'll take to the sky But till that morning, there ain't nothin' can harm you With daddy and mammy standin' by One of these mornings you're gonna rise up singing And you'll spread

title: And the Sun Will Shine

text: And the Sun Will Shine "And the Sun Will Shine" is a song by the British rock band Bee Gees, it was written by Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb and Maurice Gibb and released in February 1968 on the album "Horizontal". The song's opening chord was D7, consisting of the notes D, F, A, and C. It was released as a single in France backed with "Really and Sincerely" and reached #66 there. The earliest session for Horizontal was really just a demo date to tape rough versions of the brothers' new songs. Venturing to Denmark Street (known as London's Tin

title: Soak Up the Sun

text: two measures to the published version of Aloha Oe by Princess Lili`uokalani (1878), and "There's Music In the Air" by George F. Root (1854), and all three share the same chord progression IV-I-V-I. The 1969 #1 hit song Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In by The 5th Dimension contains the refrain "Let the Sunshine In" and backing vocals that include the phrase "Open Up Your Heart". Open Up Your Heart (And Let the Sunshine In) "Open up Your Heart (and Let the Sunshine in)" is a popular song. It was written by Stuart Hamblen. The song was published in 1954. The biggest

title: Melt with the Sun

text: Melt with the Sun "Melt With the Sun" is a dance music song written by Amber (aka Marie-Claire Cremers) and Sweet Rains, performed by Amber and produced by Sweet Rains and released on November 14, 2006. The dance music remixes EP has 10 tracks including remixes by Grammy Winner Hex Hector, Tracy Young, Al B Rich, AM Corona, Sweet Rains, Pathos V2, and Lance Jordan. The song had its genesis in 2005 when dance music producer and remixer Sweet Rains asked Amber for her feedback on a song that he was working on. Amber provided her input to Sweet Rains,

title: And the Sun Will Shine

text: because he could". Puerto Rican singer Jose Feliciano covered this song and was released in August 1969 on the RCA Records, and its B-side was "Rain". The Feliciano version ranked 25th in UK Hit Parade. And the Sun Will Shine "And the Sun Will Shine" is a song by the British rock band Bee Gees, it was written by Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb and Maurice Gibb and released in February 1968 on the album "Horizontal". The song's opening chord was D7, consisting of the notes D, F, A, and C. It was released as a single in France backed with

title: I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles

text: from a large picnic gathering and are confronted by a herd of cattle. In the early 1970s, The Bonzo Dog Band's stage show featured a robot that sang the title air while blowing bubbles. A solo guitar rendition is periodically featured within the action of Woody Allen's 1999 film "Sweet And Lowdown". Director Brad Mays paid homage to that scene in his 2008 film "The Watermelon," in which actress Kiersten Morgan sings the song while dancing on a Malibu beach. The song is better known in England as the club anthem of West Ham United, a London-based football club. It

title: Sundown (S Club 8 song)

text: Sundown (S Club 8 song) "Sundown" is a song by British pop group S Club 8, released as the second single and title track from their album of the same name "Sundown". Released on 29 September 2003, the single peaked at #4 on the UK Singles Chart. Calvin Goldspink sings backing vocals in the song's intro, a line and backing vocals in the first part of the bridge, a line in the second part of the bridge along with Stacey, and backing vocals in the final chorus. Stacey McClean sings the first and third verses, backing vocals in the second

title: I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter

text: Wink for their 1989 "" album release. Spanish-language renderings of "I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter" were recorded in 1963 by Mexican singer Leda Moreno ("Muchacho de ojos verdes" "boy with green eyes") and by the Gibraltese duo Albert [Hammond] and Richard: the Diamond Boys ("Que Cosas mi Diras" "things that tell me"). Kylie Minogue features a version on her 2015 holiday album "Kylie Christmas". I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter "I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter" is a 1962 single by Connie Francis, released in that December to peak at #18 on both the "Billboard" Hot 100 and the

title: Who? (song)

text: the Clouds Roll By" (1946), loosely based on the life of Jerome Kern. Who? (song) "Who?" (1925) is a popular song (sometimes written as "Who (Stole My Heart Away)?") written for the Broadway musical "Sunny" by Jerome Kern, Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II. The song was also featured in the film version of "Sunny" (1930) starring Marilyn Miller. George Olsen and His Orchestra scored a major hit with their 1925 recording of the song. Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra with vocalist Jack Leonard had a hit with it in the late 1930s; their arrangement was patterned after Dorsey's 1937

title: Seasons in the Sun

text: Seasons in the Sun "Seasons in the Sun" is an English-language adaptation of the song "Le Moribond" by Belgian singer-songwriter Jacques Brel with lyrics rewritten by American singer-poet Rod McKuen. It became a worldwide hit in 1974 for Canadian singer Terry Jacks and became a Christmas number one in the UK in 1999 for Westlife. Jacks's version is one of the fewer than forty all-time singles to have sold 10 million copies worldwide. Terry Jacks recorded "Seasons in the Sun" in Vancouver in 1973 with his then-wife Susan Jacks. They made the decision to record the song when The Beach

title: Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying

text: (1989), Gloria Estefan (1994), Jeff Buckley (1998), Paul Carrack (2010), and Nellie McKay (2015). Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying "Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying" is a song written and originally performed by British beat group Gerry and the Pacemakers. The songwriting is credited to Gerry Marsden and the other band members, Freddie Marsden, Les Chadwick and Les Maguire. It was first recorded by Louise Cordet, and then recorded by the group themselves in early 1964. The song was given first to Louise Cordet, a singer who had previously toured with the group as well as with

title: Space Songs

text: "Why Does the Sun Really Shine?" which corrects scientific errors in the original. In 2008 Chloé Leloup, Miss LaLaVox und Achim Treu reworked the album under the title "The Space Songs - Ballads for the Age of Science". The album was released on the label Sopot Records. The lyrics of the first stanza of "Why Does the Sun Shine?" also appear verbatim in the book "Stars: A Golden Guide", apart from the omission of "its core is" before "a gigantic nuclear furnace". Space Songs Space Songs is an album in the ""Ballads For The Age of Science"" or ""Singing Science""

title: I'm Going to Follow the Boys

text: I'm Going to Follow the Boys I'm Going to Follow the Boys (Novelty Song) is a World War I era song released in 1917. Howard Rogers wrote the lyrics and James V. Monaco composed the music. The song was published by M. Witmark & Sons in New York City. On the cover of the sheet music, there is a photograph of American silent film actress, Gladys Leslie saluting, while dressed in uniform. She also performed the song. The song is told from the first-person point of view of a woman who is used to being surrounded by boys. But because

title: SOAK

text: Music Prize Album of the Year 2015 on Thursday March 3, 2016 at the annual awards ceremony held in Vicar Street in Dublin. SOAK Bridie Monds-Watson, better known by her stage name SOAK, is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter born in Derry in 1996. SOAK's music has been described as 'a vivid portrait of teenage deep-thinking' by "The Guardian". She released her debut studio album "Before We Forgot How to Dream" in May 2015. In November 2014 she was revealed as one of acts on the BBC Sound of 2015 long list. On 20 January 2015 she released her debut single

title: Sun Is Up

text: notable performances outside of the single's promotion phase include during her Wow Session series on her YouTube channel on 16 March 2012, and at the World Trade Center Mexico City in September 2012 and March 2016. !scope="row"|France (SNEP) Sun Is Up "Sun Is Up" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Inna for her second studio album, "I Am the Club Rocker" (2011), and also included on the British version of her debut record, "Hot" (2009). Written and produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac, Radu Bolfea and Marcel Botezan, the song was released in October 2010 as the

title: I'll Follow the Sun

text: I'll Follow the Sun "I'll Follow the Sun" is a song by the Beatles. It is a ballad written primarily and sung by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. It was released in 1964 on the "Beatles for Sale" album in the United Kingdom and on "Beatles '65" in the United States, but was written long before that year: a version recorded in 1960 can be found on the bootleg record "You Might As Well Call Us the Quarrymen". The song was released as a mono extended play 45 in 1964 on Parlophone/EMI (and in 1995 as a B-side to

title: Sun Is Up

text: Sun Is Up "Sun Is Up" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Inna for her second studio album, "I Am the Club Rocker" (2011), and also included on the British version of her debut record, "Hot" (2009). Written and produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac, Radu Bolfea and Marcel Botezan, the song was released in October 2010 as the first single from "I Am the Club Rocker". "Sun Is Up" is a rave pop track, and was compared to Sabrina's "Boys (Summertime Love)" (1987) by one reviewer. The track was received favorably, with music critics praising its

title: Sun Is Up

text: your hands in the sky / Come on boy, come and get in / The rhythm music will take you high / What I'm feeling about you / I love you, don't know why / Everybody come and get in / The rhythm music will take you high." Upon its release, "Sun Is Up" was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. An editor from German radio station commended the song as a highlight from "I Am the Club Rocker", writing: "After just the first few seconds, the sun rises. The hit single from Inna simply puts you in

title: Sundown (S Club 8 song)

text: and final chorus, the second part of the bridge including a line along with Calvin, and backing vocals in the end of the song. Frankie Sandford sings the second and fourth verses, and backing vocals in the second chorus. Aaron Renfree, Rochelle Wiseman, Daisy Evans, Hannah Richings and Jay Asforis do not have any vocal lines in this song. CD1 CD2 Sundown (S Club 8 song) "Sundown" is a song by British pop group S Club 8, released as the second single and title track from their album of the same name "Sundown". Released on 29 September 2003, the single

title: I Don't Care if the Sun Don't Shine

text: and Jerry Lewis. The Patti Page recording is featured in the movie "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert". Guy Pearce also briefly sings excerpts of this song in the film, as does Terence Stamp and Hugo Weaving. The first Spanish-language version was recorded by Marco Tulio Sanchez, the precursor of rockabilly in his country Colombia during the 1980s. Canada's Reid Jamieson covers the song on his 1950s era tribute The Presley Sessions revisited (2015) I Don't Care if the Sun Don't Shine "I Don't Care If the Sun Don't Shine" is a popular song written by Mack David.

title: Lincoln Highway

text: sung by Al Jolson, included the refrain: "Oh, Golden Gate, I'm comin' to ya / Golden Gate, sing Hallelujah / I'll live in the sun, love in the moon / Where every month is June. / A little sun-kissed blonde is comin' my way / Just beyond the Lincoln Highway / I'm goin' strong now, it won't be long now / Open up that Golden Gate." In 1937, composer Harold Arlen and lyricist E. Y. Harburg (composers of "Over the Rainbow" and many other hits) wrote the song "God's Country", for the 1937 musical "Hooray for What!" The song was

title: I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter

text: Cadeau Du Ciel" being recorded February 10, 1963. Unlike the English original, both single vocal and harmony vocal versions of the French interpretation were marketed in Canada and France. In June 1963 Francis overdubbed a Japanese vocal on the track of "I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter" with the resultant track entitled 想い出の冬休み (romanized spelling: Omoide No Fuyuyasumi) (Winter of '42); Francis had overdubbed an Italian vocal on the track of "I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter" on February 25, 1963 with the resultant track: "Sul monti blu" (The blue mountains) never being released. "I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter"

title: Soak Up the Sun

long_answer: "Soak Up the Sun" is the title of a song recorded by American artist Sheryl Crow. It was released in March 2002 as the lead single from her album C'mon C'mon. The song, which features backing vocals by Liz Phair, peaked at number-one on the Billboard Adult Top 40 chart and hit number 5 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and #17 on the Hot 100 chart. In addition, "Soak Up the Sun" (remixed by noted DJ Victor Calderone) spent one week at #1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in June 2002; to date, this is Crow's only song to top this chart. It reached #16 on the UK Singles Chart. It was covered by the Kidz Bop Kids in 2003. The song was also included on the album "Nolee Mix" which was released to promote the My Scene dolls. The song was a staple of radio airplay during the summer of 2002.

short_answers:
American artist Sheryl Crow
Kidz Bop Kids
Sheryl Crow
backing vocals by Liz Phair


question: where did the last name edwards come from

answers: England

answers: Scotland

answers: Wales

title: Gus Edwards

text: Gus Edwards Gus(tave) Edwards (18 August 1878 – 7 November 1945) was an American songwriter and vaudevillian. He also organised his own theatre companies and was a music publisher. Edwards was born Gustave Schmelowsky in Inowrazlaw (Inowrocław), German Empire. His family moved to the United States on 29 July 1891 ending up in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn. During the day, he worked in the family cigar store, and in the evenings, he wandered looking for any sort of show business job. He found work as a singer at various lodge halls, on ferry boat lounges, in saloons, and even

title: Ronnie Edwards

text: Ronnie Edwards Rodnette Bethley Edwards, known as Ronnie Edwards (July 20, 1952 – February 24, 2016), was an African-American Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 29 in West and East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. She served for forty-four days but did not actually assume the duties of her office because she was in the final stages of a two-year struggle with pancreatic cancer. Edwards was born to the late James Bethley and Gladys D. Hammond, her surviving mother, in Woodville in Wilkinson County in southwestern Mississippi. Her House predecessor, Regina Barrow, is also a native of

title: Heywood L. Edwards

text: Edwards" (DD-663) was named in his honor. Heywood L. Edwards Heywood Lane Edwards (9 November 1905 – 31 October 1941) was an officer of the United States Navy. Born in San Saba, Texas, he was the son of Winston C Edwards and Louise Smith. He was one of the first American casualties of World War II, more than a month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Edwards was born in San Saba, Tex., 9 November 1905 and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1926. He competed for the United States in freestyle wrestling in the 1928 Summer

title: Edwin Edwards

text: the United States House of Representatives. He placed first in the jungle primary, but was defeated by nearly 25 points in the runoff election. Edwin Washington Edwards was born in rural Avoyelles Parish, near Marksville. His father, Clarence Edwards, was a half-French Creole Presbyterian sharecropper, while his mother, the former Agnès Brouillette, was a French-speaking Catholic. Edwards' ancestors were among early Louisiana colonists from France who eventually settled in Avoyelles Parish, referred to as the original French Creoles. Edwards, like many 20th century politicians from Avoyelles, assumed that he had Cajun ancestry, when in fact he may have had none.

title: Penny Edwards (actress)

text: Penny Edwards (actress) Penny Edwards (August 24, 1928 – August 26, 1998) was an American actress who performed on stage, in films, and on television. She was born Millicent Maxine Edwards in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York. After moving to Florida, she graduated from Miami Edison High School. When she was 12 years old, Edwards danced in "Let's Face It", and at 14 she appeared on Broadway as a dancer in "Zigfeld Follies of 1943" (1943). Her other Broadway credits include "Laffing Room Only" (1944), and "The Duchess Misbehaves" (1946). Edwards' film debut came in "My Wild Irish Rose" (1947).

title: Elaine Edwards

text: Elaine Edwards Elaine Lucille Edwards (née Schwartzenburg; March 8, 1929 – May 14, 2018) was an American politician from Louisiana. Edwards was a Democratic member of the United States Senate in 1972 appointed by her husband, Louisiana Governor Edwin Edwards, following the death of Allen Ellender. She was the First Lady of Louisiana for twelve non-consecutive years from 1972 to 1980 and again from 1984 to 1988, making her the state's longest-serving First Lady. In her later years, she was a small fashion businesswoman and a low-profile soap opera actress based in New York City. Edwards was born in Marksville,

title: Don Edwards

text: Don Edwards William Donlon "Don" Edwards (January 6, 1915 – October 1, 2015) was an American politician of the Democratic Party and a member of the United States House of Representatives from California. Edwards was born in San Jose, California to Republican parents. His father and grandfather owned a land title business. After graduating from San Jose High School, before earning a B.A. from Stanford University in 1936, where he was member of the Stanford golf team. Edwards then attended Stanford Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1940. Edwards was a special agent for the Federal Bureau

title: North Edwards, California

text: was a representative for Barry Goldwater Jr., and she helped to organize an annual community parade for North Edwards and Boron Ca. bringing some famous people as Grand Marshall's to participate in the parades. Being an American Indian and born on a reservation, there is no real record of her birth, she always told her grandchildren at every birthday, she was 58. North Edwards, California North Edwards (formerly, Edgemont Acres and North Muroc) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States. Situated in the Mojave Desert, North Edwards is located about north-east of Edwards Air Force Base,

title: Junius Edwards

text: Junius Edwards Junius V. Edwards (April 20, 1929 – March 22, 2008) was an African-American fictional author of the 1950s and 1960s whose work primarily focused on the civil rights movement and on racial issues faced by African Americans in the military and in the American South. Edwards was born in Alexandria, Louisiana on April 20, 1929. At the age of eighteen, he joined the United States Army, serving for nine years in Korea and in Japan and working for the Judge Advocate General Corps and the Army Counter Intelligence Corps. Upon leaving the Army, he used the Montgomery GI

title: Edwards (surname)

text: Edwards is a patronymic surname, which arose separately in England and Wales. It means 'son of Edward'. Edwards is the 14th most common surname in Wales and 21st most common in England.  Within the United States, it was ranked as the 49th-most common surname as surveyed in 1990, falling to 51st in 2014.

title: Willis Edwards

text: Willis Edwards Willis Edwards (28 April 1903 – 27 September 1988) was an English professional football player and manager. Edwards was born in the mining village of Newton, North East Derbyshire, not far from Chesterfield and Alfreton. Like many boys in the area, he left school to go down the pit but he was soon spotted by Chesterfield as a teenager, playing for the village football team Newton Rangers. Having been close to joining Blackburn Rovers, he instead signed for Chesterfield, where he made his debut in 1919 at the age of just 16. He went on to play 70

title: John Edwards

text: Carolina. The family moved several times during Edwards' childhood, eventually settling in Robbins, North Carolina, where his father worked as a textile mill floor worker, eventually promoted to supervisor; his mother had a roadside antique-finishing business and then worked as a postal letter carrier when his father left his job. A football star in high school, Edwards was the first person in his family to attend college. He attended Clemson University and transferred to North Carolina State University. Edwards graduated with high honors, earning a bachelor's degree in textile technology in 1974, and later earned his Juris Doctor from the

title: The College at Brockport, State University of New York

text: south side of campus next to Allen. The old building, now named Rakov, serves as home to many of the school's enrollment and business offices. Edwards Hall Edwards Hall was built in 1968 and named after Aletta Edwards and William Edwards, no relation. Aletta Edwards (?-1939) was an English professor and chair of the department from 1908 to 1934. She graduated from the former State Normal School at Brockport and received her Bachelor of Philosophy degree from Syracuse University. She received her master's degree at the University of Rochester and did advanced work toward her doctorate at the University of

title: Glen Edwards (pilot)

text: Glen Edwards (pilot) Glen Edwards (March 5, 1918 – June 5, 1948) was a test pilot for the United States Air Force, and is the namesake of Edwards Air Force Base. Edwards was born March 5, 1918, in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada, where he lived until 1931. At age 13, his parents moved the family to California, settling in Lincoln, northeast of Sacramento. After graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, Edwards enlisted in the US Army Air Forces on July 15, 1941, five months before Pearl Harbor. Upon completion of

title: Jeffrey K. Edwards

text: to Mental Health Services: Unveiling the Mysteries of Psychotherapy". This book received the award for best publication by the Illinois Counseling Association, in 2008. Edwards was born in Clarendon Hills, Illinois on June 2, 1945. He graduated from Hinsdale Township High School, in 1964, and then attended Elmhurst College, earning a BS degree majoing in Social Psychology. He then went on to receive his master's degree in Counseling Psychology from George Williams College (now part of Aurora University), and then went to the Family Institute of Chicago, where he took his Certificate of Two Years Study in Family Therapy. Finally

title: Dennis Edwards Jr.

text: Dennis Edwards Jr. Dennis Edwards Jr. (August 19, 1921 – April 13, 2017) was a judge in New York City. Edwards was born in Harlem, in New York City. His parents were Dennis Edwards Sr. and Gladys Edwards (née Wilson). He graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx in 1937 and then from New York University in 1941. While attending N.Y.U., he became a member of his local Democratic Party organization to prepare himself for a political science course, and it was there that the other members urged him to study law. Edwards graduated from Harvard Law School

title: Charles Lincoln Edwards

text: had a secondary interest in folklore, being the author of "Bahama Songs and Stories," and was in 1889 the president of the American Folklore Society. Edwards was born in Oquawka, Illinois, on December 8, 1863, to John and Nancy (Stockton) Edwards. His father, of Welsh descent, was a banker and member of the Indiana legislature. After receiving his B.S. degree at Lombard College in 1884, and again at the Indiana University in 1886, he determined to devote himself to the study of biology. He studied three years at Johns Hopkins University and then went to the University of Leipzig, where

title: Caldwell Edwards

text: Caldwell Edwards Caldwell Edwards (January 8, 1841 – July 23, 1922) was a U.S. Representative from Montana. Born in Sag Harbor, New York, Edwards was educated in the district schools. He worked as a salesman and bookkeeper in dry-goods stores for several years. He moved to Bozeman, Montana, in 1864 and became engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served as member of the Montana House of Representatives from 1901 to 1905. Edwards was elected as a Populist to the Fifty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1901 - March 3, 1903). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1902. At the expiration of

title: Haden Edwards

text: and did not return until after the Texas Revolution had broken out. Haden Edwards was born in Stafford County, Virginia, on August 12, 1771. He was the son of John Edwards, Sr, who later became one of the first two U. S. Senators from Kentucky. Haden Edwards married Susanna Beall of Maryland and they had 13 children born in Virginia, Kentucky, Louisiana & Georgia. One of his sons was Haden Harrison Edwards. In 1820 Haden Edwards and his brother Benjamin acquired a plantation near Jackson, Mississippi. After learning that Mexican authorities were considering opening Mexican Texas to American immigration, Edwards

title: Francis S. Edwards

text: He was interred in Forest Hill Cemetery, Fredonia, New York. Francis S. Edwards Francis Smith Edwards (May 28, 1817 – May 20, 1899) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Windsor, New York, Edwards completed preparatory studies. He attended Hamilton (New York) College (now Colgate University), but did not graduate. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in New York City May 20, 1840, and practiced in Sherburne and Albany. He moved to Fredonia in 1851 and continued the practice of law. He was appointed master and examiner in chancery for Chenango County in 1842. He

title: Mack Ray Edwards

text: Mack Ray Edwards Mack Ray Edwards (October 17, 1918 – October 30, 1971) was an American serial killer. He murdered at least six children in Los Angeles County, California between 1953 and 1970. Mack Ray Edwards was born in Arkansas. He moved to Los Angeles County in 1941. As a heavy equipment operator contracted by Caltrans, he worked on freeways. The body of one of his victims was found underneath the Santa Ana Freeway, and he claimed to have disposed another of his victims under the Ventura Freeway. Edwards killed three children from 1953 to 1956, and three more in

title: Gene Edwards

text: Gene Edwards Earl Eugene "Gene" Edwards (born July 18, 1932) is an American house church planter, a Christian author, and a former Southern Baptist pastor and evangelist. A graduate of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, he is an outspoken proponent of the house church concept in the United States. Gene Edwards was born the second son of J.C. "Blackie" Edwards, an oil field roughneck from Louisiana, and Gladys Brewer Edwards, a school teacher. Edwards spent the first six years of his life in Commerce, Texas, until his father was relocated to Bay City, Texas, where his family lived together until Edwards

title: Hughie Edwards

text: children to Welsh parents Hugh, a blacksmith and farrier, and his wife Jane (née Watkins), who had emigrated to Australia in 1909. Named after his father, he was always referred to by his middle name of Idwal in his family. Edwards received his initial education at White Gum Valley School, before attending the Fremantle Boy's School where he achieved well academically, although he later claimed this was due to a good memory rather than high intelligence. However, Edwards was reluctantly forced to leave school at the age of fourteen as the family finances could no longer support him. Described as

title: William Henry Edwards

text: called Edwardsville. The son of William W. Edwards and Helen Ann (Mann) Edwards, he came from a prominent and successful American family. His father was a businessman involved in banking, insurance and European imports. His grandfather was Colonel William Edwards, founder of the family tannery business and inventor of several devices used in the manufacture of leather goods. His great-great-grandfather, Jonathan Edwards, was a distinguished theologian and revivalist preacher. The Edwards family owned and managed a very large tannery in Hunter that relied on tanbark harvested from the hemlock forests of their country estate in the Catskill Mountains. Edwards grew

title: Phil Edwards (runner)

text: the family was part of the Black elite in the colony. Edwards' father was one of eighteen children and was originally from Barbados. Less is known of his mother, but it is thought that she may originally have been from Trinidad. In a 1928 New York Daily News article, it is stated that Edwards' paternal grandmother was East Indian and his maternal grandfather was Scottish and that fellow Olympian Jack London was a classmate of his at Queen's College in Georgetown. Growing up in what Edwards called 'a country district', he practiced sprinting by racing an angry cow. By the

title: Heywood L. Edwards

text: Heywood L. Edwards Heywood Lane Edwards (9 November 1905 – 31 October 1941) was an officer of the United States Navy. Born in San Saba, Texas, he was the son of Winston C Edwards and Louise Smith. He was one of the first American casualties of World War II, more than a month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Edwards was born in San Saba, Tex., 9 November 1905 and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1926. He competed for the United States in freestyle wrestling in the 1928 Summer Olympics, earning 4th place in the light

title: Vince Edwards

text: Vince Edwards Vince Edwards (born Vincent Edward Zoine; July 9, 1928 – March 11, 1996) was an American actor, director, and singer. He was best known for his TV role as doctor Ben Casey and as Major Cliff Bricker in the 1968 war film "The Devil's Brigade". Edwards was born in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn, New York City, New York, to Julia and Vincento Zoine, an Italian-American bricklayer. He and his twin brother, Anthony, were the youngest of seven children. He also studied aviation mechanics at East New York Vocational High School, graduating in June, 1945. He worked as

title: Blue Edwards

text: Blue Edwards Theodore "Blue" Edwards (born October 31, 1965) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Edwards played ten years in the league. Edwards now coaches at his alma mater, Greene Central High School in Snow Hill, North Carolina. Edwards' hometown was Walstonburg, North Carolina. He attended Greene Central High School, in Snow Hill, North Carolina. He started his college career at Louisburg College in Louisburg, North Carolina where he played from 1984 to 1986. Louisburg College participates in Region X of the NJCAA. He also played for East Carolina University in

title: Stoney Edwards

text: Stoney Edwards Stoney Edwards was an American country singer. He was one of the first black singers to have a significant presence in country music. He is best known for the song, "She's My Rock," a Top 20 country hit that was later a hit song for Brenda Lee and then for George Jones. Born Frenchie (or Frenchy) Edwards on December 24, 1929 in rural Seminole County, Oklahoma. He was one of the youngest of seven children born to Rescue Edwards (known as "Bub"), a farmer from North Carolina and his wife, Ollie (known as "Red"). From an early age,

title: Edwards, Colorado

text: Edwards, Colorado Edwards is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Eagle County, Colorado, United States. Edwards is the principal community of the Edwards Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 10,266 at the 2010 census, up from 8,257 at the 2000 census. The Edwards Post Office has the ZIP code 81632. A post office called Edwards has been in operation since 1883. The community was named after Melvin Edwards, a local postal official. Edwards is located in central Eagle County at (39.640178, −106.592325). It is in the valley of the Eagle River and extends southwards up the valleys of

title: Edwards (surname)

short_answers: England Wales


question: who is mostly responsible for writing the declaration of independence

answers: Thomas Jefferson

title: Thomas Stone

text: by the NPS. The site, located on 6655 Rose Hill Road in Port Tobacco Village, Maryland, opened to the public in 1997. Thomas Stone Thomas Stone (1743 – October 5, 1787) was an American planter and lawyer who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a delegate for Maryland. He later worked on the committee that formed the Articles of Confederation in 1777. He acted as President of Congress for a short time in 1784. Stone was born into a prominent family at "Poynton Manor" in Charles County, Maryland. He was the second son in the large family of

title: George Read Jr.

text: George Read, a prominent lawyer and politician who would go on to sign both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. His mother was Gertrude Ross Read, the daughter of Rev. George Ross (the first rector of the Immanuel Episcopal Church on the Green) and the sister of lawyer George Ross, another future signatory to the Declaration. At the time of Read's birth, his father was serving as both the Crown Attorney General for the Delaware Colony as well as a member of the Delaware Assembly. By the time the boy turned ten, his father was serving in the

title: Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)

text: Wills argued in 1978 that the phrasing of the Declaration of Independence was due largely to Hutcheson's influence, but Wills's work suffered a scathing rebuttal from Ronald Hamowy. Wills' view has been partially supported by Samuel Fleischacker, who agreed that it is "perfectly reasonable to see Hutcheson’s influence behind the appeals to sentiment that Jefferson put into his draft of the Declaration..." Francis Hutcheson (philosopher) Francis Hutcheson (; 8 August 1694 – 8 August 1746) was an Irish philosopher born in Ulster to a family of Scottish Presbyterians who became known as one of the founding fathers of the Scottish

title: James Wilson

text: James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States. Born near St Andrews, Scotland, Wilson immigrated to Philadelphia in 1766, becoming a teacher at the College

title: Charlton Mackrell

text: Samuel Adams, who also signed the Declaration of Independence, while Presidents Millard Fillmore and William Howard Taft were descendants of her two sisters Ann and Margaret. The manor was bought around 1800 by William Dickinson of Kingweston whose family held it until 1930. A railway station served the village as part of the Great Western Railway, from 1905 to 1962. The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local

title: James Wilson

text: England." He made it quite clear that he thought the American items to be "materially better." (First lecture.) James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United

title: Codorus State Park

text: employed as a deputy surveyor by the Penn Family. Stevenson organized wagons and supplies for the Forbes Campaign during the French and Indian War. When the British occupied Philadelphia and York became the capital of the Colonies, George Washington called on Stevenson to take charge of the supply lines. George Ross was a lawyer from Lancaster. During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the Provincial Assembly, the Provincial Conference and the Continental Congress. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He also introduced George Washington to the widow of his nephew, the flagmaker Betsy Ross. William Thompson emigrated from Ireland.

title: John Penn (North Carolina politician)

text: honoring Penn was the first one erected by the State of North Carolina (January 10, 1936) John Penn (North Carolina politician) John Penn (May 17, 1741 – September 14, 1788) was a signer of both the United States Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation as a representative of North Carolina. Penn was born near Port Royal in Caroline County, Virginia, an only child of Moses Penn and Catherine [Taylor] Penn. He attended at common school for two years as his father did not consider education to be important. At age 18, after his father's death, Penn privately read

title: John Morton (American politician)

text: Franklin and Wilson. When the final vote was taken on July 2, Dickinson and Morris abstained, allowing the Pennsylvania delegation to support the resolution of independence without dissent. Morton signed the Declaration on August 2 with most of the other delegates. Morton was chairman of the committee that wrote the Articles of Confederation, although he died, probably from tuberculosis, before the Articles were ratified. He was the first signer of the Declaration of Independence to die and was buried in Old St. Paul's Church Burial Ground (also known as the Old Swedish Burial Ground) in the city of Chester, Pennsylvania.

title: William Goddard (U.S. patriot/publisher)

text: the nation. She held this position until 1789. Mary became famous for accepting the task of publishing the first certified copy of the Declaration of Independence in January 1777 that included the signatures of all the state delegates. Mary helped him with the Maryland Journal where she remained until 1792. In 1755 William Goddard started an apprenticeship in the New Haven shop of James Parker, one of the most successful printers in the colonies at the time. In 1762, after the death of her husband, Mary Goddard helped William, then at the age of 22, set up a printing press

title: Thomas Stone

text: Thomas Stone Thomas Stone (1743 – October 5, 1787) was an American planter and lawyer who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a delegate for Maryland. He later worked on the committee that formed the Articles of Confederation in 1777. He acted as President of Congress for a short time in 1784. Stone was born into a prominent family at "Poynton Manor" in Charles County, Maryland. He was the second son in the large family of David (1709–1773) and Elizabeth Jenifer Stone. His brothers Michael J. Stone and John Hoskins Stone also had important political careers. His uncle

title: First State National Historical Park

text: of the Revolution" and considered one of the foremost founding fathers of the country. His "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" and "The Liberty Song" (which included the first use of the phrase "united we stand, divided we fall"), were early articulations of the rights of the British citizens in America. As a delegate to the Continental Congress, Dickinson authored the Olive Branch Petition and the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms. Later he was also the primary author of the Articles of Confederation, and was one of the drafters of the U.S. Constitution. The plantation

title: History of Columbia University

text: between the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain, ending the Revolutionary War, and who later became the first Chief Justice of the United States; Alexander Hamilton, military aide to General George Washington, author of most of the "Federalist Papers", and the first Secretary of the Treasury; Gouverneur Morris, the author of the final draft of the United States Constitution; Robert R. Livingston, a member of the Committee of Five, that drafted the Declaration of Independence; and Egbert Benson who represented New York in the Continental Congress and the Annapolis Convention, and who was a ratifier of the United

title: Deborah Norris Logan

text: colonial legislature), and in later life Deborah recalled standing in her yard behind a fence and listening to the first-ever reading of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776. Just 14 at the time, she took note of the fact that the crowd was a small one and that (in the sardonic phrasing of her mature self): "those among them who joined in the acclamation were not the most sober or reflecting." On September 6, 1781, she married the physician George Logan (1753–1821), grandson of William Penn's secretary James Logan. Two years later they moved into Stenton, a mansion built

title: James Finley (minister)

text: Independence, was a cousin of the Finleys, and moved into the Samuel Finley home at the age of six upon the death of his father. Through his brother Samuel, James was likely acquainted with another signer of the Declaration of Independence, Richard Stockton, as well as Oliver Ellsworth, who became the third Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, and Ebenezer Hazard, who became Postmaster General. Finley had a revival experience under the influence of Robert Smith and traveled with noted evangelist George Whitfield. Finley was ordained in 1752 and became pastor of East Nottingham Church, near the disputed

title: Stratford Hall (plantation)

text: delegates from Virginia to the Second Continental Congress, and signers of the Declaration of Independence. Richard Henry was later instrumental in guiding the fledgling nation, serving as President of Congress in 1784-85. Thomas Ludwell Lee, active in local politics, served as a Virginian legislator and helped compose the Virginia Declaration of Rights. William Lee (1739–95) and Dr. Arthur Lee (1740–92) were diplomats to England during the turbulent struggle for American independence. Hannah Lee was an early proponent of women's rights, and Alice Lee married the prominent physician William Shippen, Jr. (1736-1808) of Philadelphia. Philip Ludwell Lee, Sr. (1727–75), a member

title: Ralph J. Bunche Library

text: Secretary of State James Monroe can be credited with saving the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, housed at that time in the State Department's Library. As the British entered the Chesapeake, Secretary Monroe ordered Chief Clerk John Graham and Stephen Pleasonton to "take the best care of the books and papers of the office which might be in [their] power." In addition to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, official records of the Continental Congress and original laws and statutes were hid in hastily made linen bags, loaded onto carts and taken across the Chain Bridge into Virginia. The

title: Samuel Johnson (American educator)

text: new documents of American nationhood". Three members of the Committee of Five who edited the "Declaration of Independence" were connected to Johnson: his educational partner, promoter, and publisher Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, his student Robert R. Livingston of New York, and his son's legal and political protegee and Yale treasurer Roger Sherman of Connecticut. Indeed, it has been estimated that 54% of the contributors to "Declaration of Independence "between September 5, 1775 and July 4, 1776, and 50% of the men who debated and passed it between June 28 and July 4, 1775, were connected to Johnson or his moral

title: Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence

text: New Hampshire Massachusetts Bay Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Eight delegates never signed the Declaration, out of about 50 who are thought to have been present in Congress during the voting on independence in early July 1776: John Alsop, George Clinton, John Dickinson, Charles Humphreys, Robert R. Livingston, John Rogers, Thomas Willing, and Henry Wisner. Clinton, Livingston, and Wisner were attending to duties away from Congress when the signing took place. Willing and Humphreys voted against the resolution of independence and were replaced in the Pennsylvania

title: Harrison family of Virginia

text: Carter (1702–1745), daughter of Robert "King" Carter (1662/63–1732), and built the family homestead, Berkeley Plantation. His son, Benjamin Harrison V (1726—1791), is known in modern times in the family as "the Signer" of the Declaration of Independence, representing Virginia in both the First and Second Continental Congresses. He also served in the House of Burgesses and later as Governor of Virginia. He was a rather corpulent and boisterous man by Puritan standards (John Adams referred to him as the Congress' "Falstaff.") A quote is attributed to Harrison—as he was about to put his signature to the Declaration, he turned to

title: 1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance

text: sent to the British Government by Acting Lt. Governor John Blair. This particular imprint had been owned by David Hartley, sometime Member of Parliament and a long-time friend of Benjamin Franklin. He probably received it from G.W. Fairfax, a George Washington friend, who returned to England in 1773. Hartley was the sole official British signatory of the 1783 Treaty of Paris formally ending the American Revolution. Hartley had long supported freedoms for all Englishmen, at home and in the colonies: freedoms sought in the PMR and later reflected in the "Declaration of Independence". History texts say little about this Virginia

title: Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)

text: Philadelphia in the 1760s. Francis Alison, the professor of moral philosophy at the College of Philadelphia, was a former student of Hutcheson who closely followed Hutcheson’s thought. Alison's students included "a surprisingly large number of active, well-known patriots,” including three signers of the Declaration of Independence, who "learned their patriotic principles from Hutcheson and Alison.” Another signer of the Declaration of Independence, John Witherspoon of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), relied heavily on Hutcheson's views in his own lectures on moral philosophy. John Adams read Hutcheson's "Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy" shortly after graduating from Harvard. Garry

title: Benjamin Rush

text: Benjamin Rush Benjamin Rush ( – April 19, 1813) was a signer of the Declaration of Independence (U.S.) and a civic leader in Philadelphia, where he was a physician, politician, social reformer, humanitarian, and educator as well as the founder of Dickinson College. Rush attended the Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence. His later self-description there was: "He aimed right." He served as Surgeon General of the Continental Army and became a professor of chemistry, medical theory, and clinical practice at the University of Pennsylvania. Rush was a leader of the American Enlightenment and an enthusiastic supporter of

title: Collin McKinney

text: Collin McKinney Collin McKinney (April 17, 1766 – September 9, 1861) was a land surveyor, merchant, politician, and lay preacher. He is best known as an important figure in the Texas Revolution, as one of the five individuals who drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence and the oldest person to sign it. McKinney was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, the second of 10 children born to Daniel and Mercy (Blatchley) McKinney. The family moved to Virginia in the 1770s, and while Daniel fought in the American Revolutionary War, Collin McKinney supported the family; thus, he had no formal schooling.

title: John Morton (American politician)

text: John Morton (American politician) John Morton (1725 – April 1, 1777) was a farmer, surveyor, and jurist from the Province of Pennsylvania and a Founding Father of the United States. As a delegate to the Continental Congress during the American Revolution, he was a signatory to the Continental Association and the United States Declaration of Independence. Morton provided the swing vote that allowed Pennsylvania to vote in favor of the United States Declaration of Independence. Morton chaired the committee that wrote the Articles of Confederation. Morton was born in Ridley Township, in Delaware County in 1725, the exact month is

title: Zephaniah Swift

text: General and presenter of the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention; Robert Morris - "Financier of the Revolution"; Oliver Ellsworth - future Chief Justice and presenter of the Connecticut Plan; Charles Lee - Third Attorney General) and signers of the Declaration of Independence. Subscribers are listed from every state, including the original 13 colonies, Vermont, Kentucky and Tennessee, which became the 16th state when the second volume was published. In the introduction of "A System of Law" he explained that every citizen ought to acquire of knowledge of those laws that govern their daily conduct and "secure the invaluable blessings

text: independence from the outset, and who had finally achieved it by inducing otherwise loyal colonists to rebel. Lind's pamphlet had an anonymous attack on the concept of natural rights written by Jeremy Bentham, an argument that he repeated during the French Revolution. Both pamphlets asked how the American slaveholders in Congress could proclaim that "all men are created equal" without freeing their own slaves. William Whipple, a signer of the Declaration of Independence who had fought in the war, freed his slave Prince Whipple because of revolutionary ideals. In the postwar decades, other slaveholders also freed their slaves; from 1790

title: Samuel Finley

text: his father, and was one of Finley's students at West Nottingham Academy. Finley is said to have convinced Rush to become a physician. Rush later attended Finley as his physician at the time of his death. Another signer of the Declaration of Independence, Richard Stockton, studied under Finley at West Nottingham Academy. Stockton's daughter, Julia, subsequently married Benjamin Rush. During Finley's five-year presidency at Princeton, the college graduated 130 students, including the Rev. James Manning (graduated in 1762), the founder and first president of Brown University; Ebenezer Hazard (1762), the third United States Postmaster General; William Paterson (1763), the second

title: Michael Hillegas

text: the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from 1765 to 1775 and served as treasurer of the Committee of Safety under Benjamin Franklin in 1774. On July 29, 1775, Hillegas and fellow patriot George Clymer were appointed by the Continental Congress to share the office of Treasurer of the United Colonies. Because Hillegas edited the Declaration of Independence, when the Declaration of Independence was signed, Clymer's signature appeared on the document. After Clymer's resignation on August 6, 1776, Hillegas assumed sole ownership of the office, which he held throughout the remainder of the American Revolution, using much of his own fortune to support

long_answer: John Adams persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress would edit to produce the final version. The Declaration was ultimately a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The next day, Adams wrote to his wife Abigail: "The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America." But Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the Declaration of Independence was approved.