question: where did they film the book of eli

answers: New Mexico

answers: in New Mexico

title: The Book of Eli

text: The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on May 31, 2010 in the UK and on June 15, 2010 in the United States and Canada. The DVD took the top spot on all three national home video market charts in its first week. It premiered No. 1 on "Home Media Magazine"'s Rental Chart, the Nielsen VideoScan Blu-ray chart, and the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert Sales Chart, where it outdistanced its nearest competitor in sales by a 3 to 1 margin. The Book of Eli The Book of Eli is a 2010 American post-apocalyptic neo-Western action film directed by

title: The Book of Eli

text: The Book of Eli The Book of Eli is a 2010 American post-apocalyptic neo-Western action film directed by The Hughes Brothers, written by Gary Whitta, and starring Denzel Washington, Gary Oldman, Mila Kunis, Ray Stevenson, and Jennifer Beals. The story revolves around Eli, a nomad in a post-apocalyptic world, who is told by a voice to deliver his copy of a mysterious book to a safe location on the West Coast of the United States. The history of the post-war world is explained along the way, as is the importance of Eli's task. Filming began in February 2009 and took

title: The Book of Eli

text: of the Bible, and Lombardi places one on a bookshelf between the Torah and Tanakh on one side and the Quran on the other. Solara, though offered sanctuary, chooses to return home, taking with her Eli's machete and other possessions. In May 2007, Columbia Pictures and Warner Bros. signed the Hughes brothers to direct "The Book of Eli", based on a script by Gary Whitta. (The brothers had last directed the 2001 film "From Hell".) Subsequently, Anthony Peckham rewrote the script, and in September 2008 Denzel Washington won the lead role. The following October, Gary Oldman was cast to star

title: Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? (film)

text: dysfunctional society?..Or could it be the mindles churning out of gender stereotypes by a parochial world? Eli Eli Lama Sabchthani? is jointly produced by Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi and Niv Art Movies. The production fund is raised through crowd funding campaigns by Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi. Bollywood actress Rajshri Deshpande, Sanal Aman, known for his candid performance in the film Unto The Dusk are the leads in the film. Sandeep Kurissery and Jiji P Joseph who are the Kerala State Film Award winners for best location sound recording are doing sound recording. Sanal Kumar Sasidharan who's an award winning director is the

title: The Book of Eli

text: ambushed by two bandits who attempt to rape her, but Eli reappears and kills them. As they continue on, Eli explains his mission to Solara. According to Eli, his book is the last remaining copy of the Bible, as all other copies were intentionally destroyed following the nuclear war thirty years ago. He says he was led to the book by a voice in his head, which then directed him to travel westward to a place where it would be safe. The voice assured him that he would be protected and guided on his journey. Eventually, Eli and Solara investigate

title: The Book of Eli

text: of the truck she was in and throwing a hand grenade under another truck. She then drives back towards the house to find Eli. Rather than chase her, Carnegie returns to the town, since his sole remaining vehicle is running low on fuel. Solara finds Eli, and they drive until they reach the Golden Gate Bridge, and then row to Alcatraz Island, where they find a group intent on preserving what they can of literature and music. Eli tells the guards that he has a copy of the King James Version of the Bible. Once inside, Eli, revealed to be

title: Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? (film)

text: editor of the film. The movie was screened in the following film festivals. Best Debut Director - All Lights International Film Festival 2017 Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? (film) Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? (English Title: The Forsaken) is a multilingual film written and directed by Jiju Antony. It is the second feature film produced by Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi in association with Niv Art Movies through crowd funding. The film is totally shot in the city of Mumbai using Guerrilla filmmaking techniques. The title is taken from Matthew 27:46. Jail authorities take Prashant, a Mumbai taxi driver punished on brutal rape and

title: Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction

text: The movie "Zardoz" is a surreal take on the genre, revolving around a post-apocalyptic future England where a warrior caste called Exterminators worship a giant, floating stone head known as Zardoz, which gives them weapons and ammunition. The movie "The Book of Eli" released in 2010. Starring Denzel Washington and Gary Oldman, a story of a lone wanderer trying to deliver a book through the wastelands after a nuclear apocalypse. Everyone has to wear sunglasses/googles due to solar radiation and cannibalism is prevalent (identified by shaky hands). Oldman runs a town with access to water and supplies and tries to

title: Animated Stories from the Bible

text: Choice Foundation award, the "Award of Excellence" from the Film Advisory Board, the Director's Choice Award from Early Childhood News, KIDS FIRST!, and the highest rating from the Practical Homeschooling Magazine. Originally released directly to video, the movies from Abraham & Isaac to Elisha: Man of God were re-released by Nest Entertainment on video, the movies from The Story of Ruth to Joseph's Reunion were released by Nest Entertainment on video, and the movies are also available on DVD. Nest Learning distributes the programs and several of the episodes have been broadcast on Trinity Broadcasting Network, Bethel Television, and BYUtv.

title: The Book of Eli

text: In May 2007, Columbia Pictures and Warner Bros. signed the Hughes brothers to direct The Book of Eli, based on a script by Gary Whitta. (The brothers had last directed the 2001 film From Hell.) Subsequently, Anthony Peckham rewrote the script, and in September 2008 Denzel Washington won the lead role. The following October, Gary Oldman was cast to star alongside Washington. Principal photography began in February 2009 and took place in New Mexico.  Alcon Entertainment financed the film and co-produced with Silver Pictures.

title: Gary Whitta

text: as the screenwriter of the film "The Book of Eli". He was also working on a script known as the "Monkey Project" with Chris Weston, which would have reimagined the classic Buddhist novel "Journey to the West" (and the related classic television series "Monkey") as an animated series. However, Weston pulled out of the project. More recent rumors have tied him to a Blizzard project, possibly a title based on the "Diablo" series of games. It was announced on FirstShowing.net that Whitta was set to write the script for the live-action version of "Akira". However, Whitta is no longer attached

title: Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? (film)

text: Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? (film) Eli Eli Lama Sabachthani? (English Title: The Forsaken) is a multilingual film written and directed by Jiju Antony. It is the second feature film produced by Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi in association with Niv Art Movies through crowd funding. The film is totally shot in the city of Mumbai using Guerrilla filmmaking techniques. The title is taken from Matthew 27:46. Jail authorities take Prashant, a Mumbai taxi driver punished on brutal rape and murder charges, to the gallows. An innocent boy next door became a devil.. Who is to bear the brunt of the blame-game? A

title: The Book of Eli

text: an isolated house. They fall into a trap, but manage to allay the suspicions of the residents, George (Michael Gambon) and Martha (Frances de la Tour), who invite them in for tea. When Eli realizes that the couple are cannibals, they attempt to leave just as Carnegie and his henchmen arrive. In the ensuing shootout, George, Martha and many of Carnegie's men are killed. While Eli and Solara are captured, Carnegie threatens to kill Solara unless Eli surrenders the Bible. With the Bible now in his possession, Carnegie shoots Eli, leaving him for dead. Solara escapes by strangling the driver

title: The Book of Eli

text: tell him if Eli was reading a book, and realizes Eli's book is the one he wants—a Bible. Eli sneaks out of his room and Carnegie has his henchmen shoot at Eli, but the bullets seemingly just graze him, as if he is being protected. Eli shoots most of Carnegie's men and hits Carnegie in the leg with a ricocheted shotgun blast. Solara, having left the town, leads Eli to a cave which is the town's water supply, hoping she can accompany him on his travels. Eli traps her inside and continues on alone. Solara escapes and soon finds herself

title: The Eternal Jew (1940 film)

text: Torah, he started by saying on camera "Today is Tuesday" signalling that his reading of the Torah was coerced since it was not customary to read the Torah on Tuesdays. Aside from the footage shot in Poland, the rest of the film consisted of stills and archival footage from feature films (often without permission) that the film presented as if they were documentary footage. The movie was produced in a documentary format and, like other Hippler films, relied heavily on narration. The film can be roughly divided into four thematic areas: Richard Barsam writes the film's "essential contrast is between

title: Mila Kunis

text: easy decision.' I told them I would do anything needed to be in this production– like craft service, or, say, acting." In 2010, she starred alongside Denzel Washington in the action film "The Book of Eli". Although the film received mixed reviews, it performed well at the box office, grossing over $157 million worldwide. Film critic Richard Roeper praised Kunis's performance, calling it a "particularly strong piece of work". Several other reviews were equally positive, including that of Pete Hammond of "Boxoffice" magazine, who wrote that she's "ideally cast in the key female role" Even reviewers who didn't necessarily like

title: Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries)

text: boy Jesus reads mostly in English). Principal photography was carried out in Morocco and Tunisia from September 1975 to May 1976. The synagogue scenes were shot with extras from the Jewish community in the island of Djerba. The city of Monastir served as 1st Century Jerusalem. Ernest Borgnine, who portrayed Cornelius the Centurion, recalled that since regulations required hiring local extras—most with poor English—for many of the smaller roles, they had to be dubbed. Zeffirelli decided to avoid recording sound altogether in many parts, and simply send the principal actors to dub their own characters in the studio later. The

title: Eli (film)

text: Eli (film) Eli is an upcoming American horror film, directed by Ciarán Foy, from a screenplay by David Chirchirillo, Ian Goldberg, and Richard Naing. It stars Charlie Shotwell, Lili Taylor, Sadie Sink, Kelly Reilly, and Max Martini. The story centers on a young boy named Eli who is undergoing treatment for a rare disease at a secluded clinic, which becomes a haunted prison with no way out. In March 2017, it was announced Ciarán Foy would direct the film, from a screenplay by David Chirchirillo, Ian Goldberg and Richard Naing. Trevor Macy and John Zaozirny will produce the film, while

title: The Book of Esther (film)

text: took place in the Bible. However, the movie differed dramatically from the Bible and that made it hard for viewers to keep watching. In their review of the movie, AskBible.org said that "the movie veered so far from the Bible, that it's impossible for us to recommend it to any audience." It does however, state in the beginning that a few events have been altered for dramatic purposes. AskBible.org also wrote that "The acting was poor, the movie is underwhelming and the limited budget available to the producers is clearly evident. What is obvious to the viewer is the inconsistent

title: Eli (film)

text: the film from Paramount, when the studio reportedly couldn’t figure out how to market the film. Eli (film) Eli is an upcoming American horror film, directed by Ciarán Foy, from a screenplay by David Chirchirillo, Ian Goldberg, and Richard Naing. It stars Charlie Shotwell, Lili Taylor, Sadie Sink, Kelly Reilly, and Max Martini. The story centers on a young boy named Eli who is undergoing treatment for a rare disease at a secluded clinic, which becomes a haunted prison with no way out. In March 2017, it was announced Ciarán Foy would direct the film, from a screenplay by David

title: The Book of Caleb

text: The Book of Caleb The Book of Caleb is a 2008 American comedy-drama written and directed by Matthew von Manahan. The film gained some recognition due to James Rolfe slyly promoting the film in a top 10 video he produced the same year the film was released. This is due to his friendship with von Manahan, the filmmaker. At the dawn of his quarter-life crisis, Caleb Callahan (Jeremy Luno) returns home to Bucks County after recently dropping out of college. Upon his return, he discovers a note from his lifelong friends Montag (Michael Hampton) and Swank (Nikitas Manikatos) to meet

title: Children's Everywhere

text: Israeli director Dvorit Shargal made a 50 minutes film ("Where is Elle-Kari and what happened to Noriko-san?") about what had happened to Elle-Kari, Dirk, Noriko-san and Eva and the children from the Israeli books in the series. Furthermore, she showed how Noriko and Eva from the books met each other again in Tokyo. The film resulted in seven stories being reissued in Israel, including: "Elle Kari", "Noriko-San : girl of Japan", "Sia lives on Kilimanjaro", "Lilibet circus child", "Dirk lives in Holland", "Noy lives in Thailand" and "Gennet lives in Ethiopia". On 5th August 2016 a new film, "Africa! Sia

title: The Book of Eli

text: blind, begins to dictate the Bible from memory to Lombardi (Malcolm McDowell), the leader of the group. Meanwhile, back in the town, the Engineer opens the locked Bible where Carnegie discovers, to his dismay, that it is in Braille, and orders Claudia to read it to him. She pretends that she cannot remember how to read it, telling Carnegie his leg wound has become infected and due to limited enforcers the people have begun to run amok. At the sanctuary, Eli has died, but not before he finished reciting the entire book. The printing press at Alcatraz begins producing copies

title: James D. Long

text: began working with the Vendyl Jones Research Institutes. He wrote and directed two documentaries, Digging Up the Future and Return to Gilgal, and participated in several archaeological excavations in the Middle East, documenting them on film and video. Long and his wife, Carol, met in Dallas, Texas and were later married in Israel. They later founded Lightcatcher, a publishing and film production company. Long co-produced Search For the Ark of the Covenant for Fox-Lorber’s Quest Series, which aired on the BBC and Dutch Television. While working on their own projects, James and Carol, shot on location in Israel, Egypt, Jordan

title: The Book of Ruth: Journey of Faith

text: The Book of Ruth: Journey of Faith The Book of Ruth: Journey of Faith is a 2009 Christian film directed by Stephen Patrick Walker. It is based on the Book of Ruth, and was aired January 8, 2010 on the Trinity Broadcasting Network. The film stars Dan Haggerty, Lana Wood, Eleese Lester, Carman, and Sherry Morris as Ruth. A biblical Cinderella story, it is seen through the eyes of a young widow as she leaves her homeland to Israel in search of a better life. Upon reaching Israel, she is swept off her feet by a wealthy royal which ultimately

title: Ben-Hur (2016 film)

text: CGI were used extensively. However, Bekmambetov wanted to rely more on practical effects and tried to do as little CGI as possible in moments where it was not heavily needed. Producers Roma Downey and Mark Burnett chose Matera as a location for Jerusalem, one of the same locations where Mel Gibson's biblical movie "The Passion of the Christ" was filmed. Exterior shooting lasted for two months, and finished in early April 2015. Production then moved to Cinecittà Studios, where interior shooting took place for four months, including the chariot scene, among others. Around 2,000 extras were used throughout the film.

title: The Book of Mormon Movie

text: it was revealed on the DVD commentary that the first cut of the film was two hours and forty minutes. Noah Danby was cast as Nephi because of his strong resemblance to the art of Arnold Friberg. He had never read the Book of Mormon prior to his casting. Danby is a devout Lutheran, and while at first he didn't feel comfortable in making the film due to religious differences, he has said in an interview for "The Hollywood Reporter" that he took the role to gain experience as an actor. The desert scenes were filmed in Utah in the

title: Elioud

text: Book of Giants, fragments of which were found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, but a definitive reading is difficult because no complete version of this sacred text is available to modern researchers and the available fragments are in six different archaic languages. Elioud In the Jewish mysticism set forth in the Book of Enoch and Book of Jubilees that was carried on by groups including the religious community of Qumran that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Elioud (also transliterated Eljo) are the antediluvian children of the Nephilim and are considered a part-angel hybrid race of their own. Like the

title: The Book of Eli

text: finds the Hughes brothers injecting some fresh stylish fun into the kind of post-apocalyptic wasteland filmgoers have seen more than enough of lately." Based on 33 critics reviews, Metacritic (another review aggregator) has assigned the film a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Todd McCarthy of "Variety" predicted "this will not be one of ... Denzel Washington's bigger grossers." "Chicago Sun-Times" critic Roger Ebert gave the film 3 of 4 stars and said of the film: "You won't be sorry you went. It grips your attention, and then at the end throws in

title: Elioud

text: Elioud In the Jewish mysticism set forth in the Book of Enoch and Book of Jubilees that was carried on by groups including the religious community of Qumran that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Elioud (also transliterated Eljo) are the antediluvian children of the Nephilim and are considered a part-angel hybrid race of their own. Like the Nephilim, the Elioud are exceptional in both ability and wickedness. The texts that use the term Elioud are non-canonical in modern Rabbinic Judaism, Western Christianity and Eastern Orthodox Christianity, but are considered canonical by Ethiopian Orthodox Christians and Beta Israel Jews (i.e.

title: The Book of Eli

short_answers:
New Mexico
in New Mexico


question: where are the san juan mountains in new mexico

answers: northwestern New Mexico

title: Nacimiento Mountains

text: Juan Basin, which sits atop the Colorado Plateau. The combined range runs almost due north-south with a length of about 40 mi (65 km). The highest point in the combined range is the high point of the San Pedro Peaks, known unofficially as San Pedro Peak, 10,605 ft (3,232 m). The Nacimientos are of some geological interest despite their modest elevation, as they form the western boundary of the Rio Grande Rift, a major rift valley containing the Rio Grande. The corresponding range on the east side of the rift, the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, is significantly higher and more

title: La Plata Mountains

text: Mountain, which is the Navajo sacred mountain of the north. The six of the highest summits are listed below. La Plata Mountains The La Plata Mountains are a small subrange of the San Juan Mountains in the southwestern part of Colorado, United States. They are located on the border between Montezuma and La Plata counties, about northwest of Durango. Their name is Spanish for "silver". The peaks of the range are easily visible from U.S. Route 160, which skirts the range on the south. The La Plata River and the Mancos River have their headwaters in the range. The Colorado

title: San Juan Mountains

text: The San Juan Mountains are also distinctive for their high altitude plateaus and peaks. As a result, facilities in the towns and cities of the region are among the highest in the nation. Telluride Airport at an elevation of 9,070 feet., is the highest in the United States with regularly scheduled commercial service. Mining operators in the San Juan mountain area formed the San Juan District Mining Association (SJDMA) in 1903, as a direct result of a Western Federation of Miners proposal to the Telluride Mining Association for the eight-hour day, which had been approved in a referendum by 72

title: San Juan National Forest

text: on San Juan National Forest) San Juan National Forest The San Juan National Forest is a U.S. National Forest covering over 1,878,846 acres (2,935.7 sq mi, or 7,603.42 km²) in western Colorado. The forest occupies land in Archuleta, Conejos, Dolores, Hinsdale, La Plata, Mineral, Montezuma, Rio Grande, San Miguel and San Juan Counties. It borders the Uncompahgre National Forest to the north and the Rio Grande National Forest to the east. The forest covers most of the southern portion of the San Juan Mountains west of the Continental Divide. The forest contains two alpine wilderness areas; the Weminuche and South

title: Sangre de Cristo Mountains

text: Sangre de Cristo Mountains The Sangre de Cristo Mountains (Spanish for "Blood of Christ") are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. They are located in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico in the United States. The mountains run from Poncha Pass in South-Central Colorado, trending southeast and south, ending at Glorieta Pass, southeast of Santa Fe, New Mexico. The mountains contain a number of fourteen thousand foot peaks in the Colorado portion, as well as all the peaks in New Mexico which are over thirteen thousand feet. The name of the mountains may refer to the occasional reddish hues

title: Hesperus Mountain (Colorado)

text: Sacred Mountain of the North, "", which marks the northern boundary of the Dinetah, their traditional homeland. It is associated with the color black, and is said to be impregnated with jet. When First Man created the mountain as a replica of mountains in the Fourth World, he fastened it to the ground with a rainbow and covered it in darkness. The San Juan Mountains have been the traditional homeland of the Ute People. http://www.dargnet.org http://uintahbasintah.org/maps/ubsw.jpg Along with Ute the La Plata Mountain Range has also been the early homeland of the Navajo People who had settled on and near

title: Geography of Colorado

text: Rio Grande, which drains into New Mexico. Across the Sangre de Cristo Range to the east of the San Luis Valley lies the Wet Mountain Valley. These basins, particularly the San Luis Valley, lie along the Rio Grande Rift, a major tectonic feature. See Rift. The Rocky Mountains within Colorado contain 54 peaks that are 14,000 feet (4270 m) or higher, known as fourteeners. The mountains are timbered with conifers and aspen to the tree line, at an elevation of about 12,000 feet (3,650 m) in southern Colorado to about 10,500 feet (3,200 m) in northern Colorado; above this only

text: San Mateo Mountains (Cibola County, New Mexico) The San Mateo Mountains are a small mountain range in Cibola and McKinley counties of New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. The highest point in the range is Mount Taylor, at 11,301 ft (3,445 m). The range lies just northeast of the community of Grants, and about 60 miles (100 km) west of Albuquerque. This range should not be confused with the identically named range in Socorro County, south of this range. The San Mateo Mountains are a volcanic range, formed by the eruption of Mount Taylor and its prehistoric ancestors. Most

title: Chuska Mountains

text: Lukachukai Mountains at , both also near the northern end, and Matthews Peak at . The San Juan Basin borders the Chuskas on the east, and typical elevations in nearby parts of that basin are near . The eastern escarpment of the mountains is marked by slumps and landslides that extend out onto the western margin of the San Juan Basin. To the north, the Chuskas are separated from the Carrizo Mountains by Red Rock Valley, which is today commonly referred to as Red Valley. Major peaks of the Chuskas include: Much of the range is Navajo Nation Forest; ponderosa

title: San Juan Mountains

title: Hesperus Mountain (Colorado)

text: Hesperus Mountain (Colorado) Hesperus Mountain is the highest summit of the La Plata Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The prominent thirteener is located in San Juan National Forest, northeast by east (bearing 59°) of the Town of Mancos in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The summit of Hesperus Mountain is the highest point in Montezuma County. Though not of particularly high elevation for the region, Hesperus Mountain is visually quite prominent, as it is near the southern edge of the San Juan Mountains and rises over above the area. Hesperus is notable as the Navajo People's

text: San Mateo Mountains (Socorro County, New Mexico) The San Mateo Mountains are a mountain range in Socorro County, in west-central New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The highest point in the range is West Blue Mountain, at 10,336 ft (3,151 m). The range runs roughly north-south and is about 40 miles (64 km) long. It lies about 25 miles (40 km) north-northwest of the town of Truth or Consequences and about 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Socorro. They should not be confused with the identically named range in Cibola and McKinley counties, north of this range. Most of

title: San Juan River (Colorado River tributary)

text: in the San Juan Mountains has often been diminished by warming winter temperatures which has led to concerns about the long-term water supply for the San Juan River. In addition, the mountains are particularly vulnerable to dust storms originating from the Great Basin; dust settling on snowpack increases the absorption of solar energy and often leads to premature melting. Well over 50 percent of the San Juan River watershed are Native American lands, the largest being the Navajo Nation, which covers portions of New Mexico, Arizona and Utah, in addition to the Jicarilla Apache Nation in New Mexico and the

text: of the San Mateo Mountains are within the Mount Taylor Ranger District of the Cibola National Forest. There is no designated wilderness area in the range. San Mateo Mountains (Cibola County, New Mexico) The San Mateo Mountains are a small mountain range in Cibola and McKinley counties of New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. The highest point in the range is Mount Taylor, at 11,301 ft (3,445 m). The range lies just northeast of the community of Grants, and about 60 miles (100 km) west of Albuquerque. This range should not be confused with the identically named range in

title: San Andres Mountains

text: San Andres Mountains The San Andres Mountains are a mountain range in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico, in the counties of Socorro, Sierra, and Doña Ana. The range extends about 75 miles (120 km) north to south, but are only about 12 miles (19 km) wide at their widest. The highest peak in the San Andres Mountains is Salinas Peak, at 8,965 feet (2,733 m). Though nearly contiguous with the Organ Mountains to the south, the two are very distinct geologically and botanically. The Oscura Mountains to the north are separated from the San Andres Mountains by Mockingbird

title: San Juan Mountains

text: Resort, once known as Durango Mountain Resort, is a small ski area 26 miles north of Durango. There is also skiing on Wolf Creek Pass at the Wolf Creek ski area. Recently Silverton Mountain ski area has begun operation near Silverton. The Rio Grande drains the east side of the range. The other side of the San Juans, the western slope of the continental divide, is drained by tributaries of the San Juan, Dolores and Gunnison rivers, which all flow into the Colorado River. The San Juan and Uncompahgre National Forests cover a large portion of the San Juan Mountains.

title: Ortiz Mountains

text: Ortiz Mountains The Ortiz Mountains are a mountain range in north central New Mexico, United States, in Santa Fe County, northeast of the Sandia Mountains and due north of the San Pedro Mountains. The Ortiz include Placer Peak, the highest peak in the range at 8,858 feet, Lone Mountain at 7,310 feet, Cedar Mountain at 7,041 feet, Cerro Chato at 6,965 feet, and the foothills known as the Los Lomas de la Bolsa. The Ortiz Mountains are on the east side of the Rio Grande Rift, with the Santa Domingo Basin and Hagan Basin of the rift to their west,

title: Sierra San Antonio

text: the Patagonia Mountains. Various species are studied in the Madrean Sky Islands habitats in higher elevation mountains of northern Sonora and Chihuahua, southeast Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico. One example is research on horned lizards in mountainous areas in northern Mexico in various mountain ranges, including the Sierra San Luis range to the east. Sierra San Antonio The Sierra San Antonio is a mountain range in southernmost Arizona state (U.S.) and northern Sonora state (México). The approximately long range is the southern section of the Patagonia Mountains, beginning in the U.S.-Mexico border area, and descending to lower elevations in México.

title: San Andres Mountains

text: to 75. Subsequent years brought further declines from scabies and other causes until the population consisted of one ewe in 1997. Reintroduction of desert bighorn sheep occurred in 2002 and the herd has now about 80 members. San Andres Mountains The San Andres Mountains are a mountain range in the southwestern U.S. state of New Mexico, in the counties of Socorro, Sierra, and Doña Ana. The range extends about 75 miles (120 km) north to south, but are only about 12 miles (19 km) wide at their widest. The highest peak in the San Andres Mountains is Salinas Peak, at

title: Sangre de Cristo Mountains

text: in Colorado, and the Carson and Santa Fe in New Mexico. These publicly accessible areas are popular for hunting, camping, hiking, mountain biking, backpacking, climbing, and cross-country and downhill skiing. The mountains include two large wilderness areas, the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness in Colorado and the Pecos Wilderness in New Mexico, as well as some smaller wilderness areas, such as Latir Peak Wilderness. The Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve lies on the southwest side of the mountains in Colorado. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are divided into various subranges, described here from north to south. Use of the

title: San Juan National Forest

text: San Juan National Forest The San Juan National Forest is a U.S. National Forest covering over 1,878,846 acres (2,935.7 sq mi, or 7,603.42 km²) in western Colorado. The forest occupies land in Archuleta, Conejos, Dolores, Hinsdale, La Plata, Mineral, Montezuma, Rio Grande, San Miguel and San Juan Counties. It borders the Uncompahgre National Forest to the north and the Rio Grande National Forest to the east. The forest covers most of the southern portion of the San Juan Mountains west of the Continental Divide. The forest contains two alpine wilderness areas; the Weminuche and South San Juan, as well as

title: Agriculture in the Southwestern United States

text: the Rocky Mountains, the Great Plains, the Colorado Plateau, and the Basin and Range. The Rocky Mountains cover north-central New Mexico and consist of southward mountain ranges coming from Colorado. The three main mountain ranges are the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in the east and the San Juan and Jemez mountains in the west. Between these western and eastern ranges lies the Rio Grande Valley. The mountains of northern New Mexico stand 10,000 to 13,000 feet tall. The Great Plains are in eastern New Mexico. The northernmost section of this region is hilly and contains some lavacapped mesas and buttes.

title: Jemez Mountains

text: Jemez Mountains The Jemez Mountains ([ˡhɛmɛz]) or Tsąmpiye'ip'įn in Tewa the language|Spoken by the Tewa Pueblos in New Mexico and one in AZ(Hano Tewa) are a volcanic group of mountains in Rio Arriba, Sandoval, and Los Alamos counties, New Mexico, United States. The highest point in the range is Chicoma Mountain (also spelled as Tschicoma or Tchicoma) at an elevation of 11,561 feet (3524 meters). The town of Los Alamos and Los Alamos National Laboratory adjoin the eastern side of the range while the town of Jemez Springs is to the west. Pajarito Mountain Ski Area is the only ski

title: Navajo section

text: formation near the town of Shiprock, New Mexico. The lowest point in the Navajo Section is about , near the Four Corners area. The boundary between this section and the Canyon Lands Section is nearby, in the San Juan River basin. The highest point of the Navajo Section is at Chromo Mountain on the Continental Divide near Chama, New Mexico. Adjacent to the Navajo Section are the: The area is predominately generally horizontal sandstone beds with some shale sequences of late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic age. A few areas of the section also have abundant volcanic necks and buttes, but

title: Hesperus Mountain (Colorado)

text: this mountain and the La Plata Mountain Range. Hesperus Mountain (Colorado) Hesperus Mountain is the highest summit of the La Plata Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The prominent thirteener is located in San Juan National Forest, northeast by east (bearing 59°) of the Town of Mancos in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The summit of Hesperus Mountain is the highest point in Montezuma County. Though not of particularly high elevation for the region, Hesperus Mountain is visually quite prominent, as it is near the southern edge of the San Juan Mountains and rises over above the

title: San Antonio Mountain (New Mexico)

text: is known as the mountain of the north in their cosmology. San Antonio Mountain is one of several volcanic peaks within the 7000 square kilometer Taos Plateau volcanic field, a region of tectonic uplift within the Rio Grande rift valley. Other nearby peaks include Ute Mountain (10,082 feet), Cerro de la Olla (9,475 feet), Cerro del Aire (9,023 feet), and Cerro Montoso (8,655 feet). San Antonio Mountain is both the highest peak in the region and possesses the greatest relief, but it is shorter than the highest peaks in the surrounding ranges: Grouse Mesa (11,403 feet) in the Tusas Mountains

title: Crotalus molossus

text: intact. It is found in the southwestern United States in Arizona, New Mexico and west and central Texas, and Mexico as far south as Oaxaca. Also it is found in the Gulf of California on San Estéban and Tiburón Islands. The distribution reaches a maximum elevation of 2930 m. Although it has been recorded being seen at as high of an altitude as 6900 feet at the McDonald Observatory in the Davis Mountains of West Texas. The type locality given is "Fort Webster, St. Rita del Cobre, N. Mex." (Fort Webster, Santa Rita del Cobre, Grant County, New Mexico, USA).

title: La Plata Mountains

text: La Plata Mountains The La Plata Mountains are a small subrange of the San Juan Mountains in the southwestern part of Colorado, United States. They are located on the border between Montezuma and La Plata counties, about northwest of Durango. Their name is Spanish for "silver". The peaks of the range are easily visible from U.S. Route 160, which skirts the range on the south. The La Plata River and the Mancos River have their headwaters in the range. The Colorado Trail accesses even towards the northern peaks. The best-known and highest peak in the La Plata Mountains is Hesperus

text: Native American dwellings. The San Juan National Forest encompasses more than 1.8 million acres (7300 km) of alpine peaks, pine forests and desert mesas in the San Juan Mountains; the San Juan watershed includes parts of the South San Juan and Weminuche Wildernesses, the latter being the largest federally designated wilderness in Colorado. Other notable features in the watershed include Shiprock, a nearly high monadnock formation sacred to the Navajo people, and Monument Valley, whose rugged scenery has appeared in many Western films and other media. Most of the watershed is rural, with some extremely remote, uninhabited areas. About 75

title: San Antonio Mountain (New Mexico)

text: San Antonio Mountain (New Mexico) San Antonio Mountain is a free-standing volcanic peak in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. With an elevation of 10,908 feet, San Antonio Mountain is the highest peak within the Taos Plateau volcanic field, the largest volcanic field within the Rio Grande Rift valley. The mountain lies just outside a northwest boundary of the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument. It lies within the Carson National Forest and is administered by the U.S. Forest Service rather than the Bureau of Land Management. It is called "Bear Mountain" by Tewa-speaking peoples in the Rio Grande valley, and

title: San Juan Mountains

long_answer: The San Juan Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. The area is highly mineralized (the Colorado Mineral Belt) and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado. Major towns, all old mining camps, include Creede, Lake City, Silverton, Ouray, and Telluride. Large scale mining has ended in the region, although independent prospectors still work claims throughout the range. The last large scale mines were the Sunnyside Mine near Silverton, which operated until late in the 20th century and the Idarado Mine on Red Mountain Pass that closed down in the 1970s. Famous old San Juan mines include the Camp Bird and Smuggler Union mines, both located between Telluride and Ouray.


question: was star wars a book or a movie first

answers: film

title: Star Wars (2015 comic book)

text: a team book and we've got all the main players here. Luke, Han, Leia, Chewie, the droids, and Darth Vader all get big moments in this first arc, and that's our core cast going forward." He explained that Luke's story is a main thrust of the comic, considering where the character is at this point in the timeline, adding: Aaron also noted that Han is in "an interesting spot at this point in the timeline ... We don't know how fully committed he is to this Rebellion, and we're in the very early stages of his relationship with Leia ...

title: Star Wars (2015 comic book)

text: And of course, you know with Han, eventually his past is going to start catching up to him." "Star Wars" was one of three new "Star Wars" comics by Marvel announced in July 2014, along with "Princess Leia" and "Darth Vader". The "Star Wars" comic was set to be written by Jason Aaron and illustrated by John Cassaday, and released in January 2015. Several variant covers were printed for the first issue. Simone Bianchi was the guest artist for issue #7. Stuart Immonen took over as artist with issue #8 in July 2015, completing the series' second story arc through

title: The Art of Star Wars

text: The Art of Star Wars The Art of Star Wars is a series of books by various editors featuring concept art from the "Star Wars" motion picture saga. The books mainly feature artwork accompanied by a short explanation of the scene and the artist's ideas, but also script notes, posters and other information. The first books were published by Ballantine Books, a subsidiary of Random House, with later editions appearing under the DelRey and LucasBooks imprints. Later titles were published by Harry N. Abrams. "The Art of Star Wars" was also the title of an international exhibition of "Star Wars"

title: Joseph Campbell

text: American fairy tale, telling us about our values. And once the Western disappeared, nothing has ever taken its place. In literature we were going off into science fiction...so that's when I started doing more strenuous research on fairy tales, folklore, and mythology, and I started reading Joe's books. Before that I hadn't read any of Joe's books...It was very eerie because in reading "The Hero with a Thousand Faces" I began to realize that my first draft of "Star Wars" was following classic motifs... So I modified my next draft [of "Star Wars"] according to what I'd been learning about

title: The Art of Star Wars

text: that might have been" in the final production design, and that challenges the "authorial singularity and originality" that normally surrounds the works of a Hollywood auteur. The first volume has been called the definitive work on the development of the cinematographic art of Star Wars, a body of creative works that heavily influenced later films. The first book presents some of the earliest concept sketches of a number of now-familiar characters of the "Star Wars" universe, including early impressions of the helmet of Darth Vader, the droids C-3PO and R2-D2, Imperial stormtroopers, and the alien clientele of the Mos Eisley

title: Star Wars (film)

text: the Sith, the Death Star, and a general by the name of Annikin Starkiller. He changed Starkiller to an adolescent boy, and he shifted the general into a supporting role as a member of a family of dwarfs. Lucas envisioned the Corellian smuggler, Han Solo, as a large, green-skinned monster with gills. He based Chewbacca on his Alaskan Malamute dog, Indiana (whom he would later use as namesake for his character Indiana Jones), who often acted as the director's "co-pilot" by sitting in the passenger seat of his car. Lucas began researching the science fiction genre by watching films and

title: The Art of Star Wars

text: artwork, props and costumes mounted by Lucasfilm, which was held at various venues in 2000-2001, including the Barbican Art Gallery in London and the Helsinki City Art Museum. Carol Titelman's first volume, originally entitled "The Art of Star Wars", was published in 1979 amid a popular craze for behind-the-scenes, "making-of" media products (such as "The Making of Star Wars" documentary). The book presents a range of pre-production concept art, storyboards, and publicity shots alongside Lucas's screenplay. It has been noted as a rich record of the previsualization behind the 1977 movie that gives the reader an insight into the "possibilities

title: Star Wars expanded to other media

text: Lucas Licensing, Howard Roffman, estimated that there were more than 65 million "Star Wars" books in print. He said, "The books are a way of extending the fantasy of "Star Wars". The movies have had a really profound effect on a couple of generations. "Star Wars" has become a cultural touchpoint, and our fans are avidly interested in exploring more stories." The animated television series "" ran from 2008 to 2014 and was set between "Attack of the Clones" and "Revenge of the Sith". This new series grew from earlier lore, such as Anakin having been knighted early in the

title: Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire

text: and his fellow bounty hunters, first seen in a brief scene on "The Empire Strikes Back". It also tells the story of Jix, Darth Vader's assistant, who infiltrated Jabba the Hutt's gang of bikers to prevent that band's attempt to murder Luke Skywalker. The series was written by John Wagner and illustrated by Kilian Plunkett. The comics were written and drawn at the same time of the novel, so the first issue could be released immediately after the book. However, the story told by the comics is unique in many ways. The primary difference is that the comics tell what

text: Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker is the original title of the novelization of the 1977 film Star Wars. Credited to George Lucas, but ghostwritten by Alan Dean Foster, it was first published on November 12, 1976 by Ballantine Books. In later years, it was republished under the title Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope to reflect the retroactive addition of episodic subtitles to the theatrical film titles.

title: Caroline Linden

text: was also a beautiful age, with an emphasis on graceful architecture, landscaping and fashion—and that always makes a world more appealing." She credits the original "Star Wars" trilogy as being a major influence, "The story-telling arc hits every button for me. It's got everything, from sword fights to romance to intrigue to secrets and sacrifice and a really hot pirate. Sorry, blockade runner. And the fate of the universe hangs on all these other storylines coming together. That moment at the end of Return of the Jedi, when Darth Vader is watching as the Emperor zaps Luke, and Luke cries

text: wrote a novel called "Splinter of the Mind's Eye", which was originally commissioned by George Lucas for the purpose of being filmed as a low-budget sequel, as a fallback plan in the event that "Star Wars" did not do well. It was published in 1978, a year after the movie's release. This made it the first full-length original novel to be published in the Star Wars expanded universe. The next official novelization of a "Star Wars" movie was "The Empire Strikes Back" by Donald F. Glut in 1980. Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker Star Wars: From the

title: Star Wars: Tarkin

text: Star Wars: Tarkin Star Wars: Tarkin is a "Star Wars" novel by James Luceno, published in November 2014. Set between the films "" and "A New Hope", it follows the rise of the character Grand Moff Tarkin. "Tarkin" was one of the first four novels published in the franchise after Lucasfilm redefined "Star Wars" continuity in April 2014. "Tarkin" chronicles how Wilhuff Tarkin meets and aligns himself with Emperor Palpatine and Darth Vader as the nascent Galactic Empire rises to power, prior to the events of "A New Hope", and explores Tarkin's origins. With the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by

title: The Glove of Darth Vader

text: destroy him. The Glove of Darth Vader The Glove of Darth Vader is a "Star Wars" novel for young readers released in June 1992 as first book of the "Jedi Prince" series by Paul Davids and Hollace Davids. It is directly preceded within the chronology of the Star Wars expanded universe by "The Truce at Bakura" and is followed in the Jedi Prince series by "The Lost City of the Jedi". After the destruction of the second Death Star and the death of the Emperor, the Empire is left without a true leader. The Supreme Prophet Kadann prophesied that the

title: The Formula (2002 film)

text: Tom realizes that they can sell the undamaged books to Greg's boss for full price and pocket the money from the Trekkies. At Greg's suggestion, Tom combines the money with his remaining store credit and buys model lightsabers, which prompts the idea in his mind of making a Star Wars fanfilm. Tom, Greg, Jenny, and Zarth sit around discussing ideas for a plot for their fanfilm, deciding against a story about a mischievous not-good-but-not-evil Jedi, a story about a post-"Return of the Jedi" Boba Fett (sitting on his ass watching Jerry Springer all day), a story about all the sith

title: Star Wars expanded to other media

text: book publishing moved from Bantam Spectra to Del Rey Books. A new series set 25 to 30 years after the original films, "The New Jedi Order" (1999–2003), was written by multiple authors and introduced a new threat: the Yuuzhan Vong, a powerful alien race attempting to invade and conquer the entire galaxy. The first novel in the series, R. A. Salvatore's "Vector Prime", killed off popular character Chewbacca. Before 1999, the bulk of "Expanded Universe" storytelling explored the time periods either after "Return of the Jedi" or long before "A New Hope" (i.e. the "Tales of the Jedi" series). Lucasfilm

title: Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed

text: movies. The first main subject of the special discusses the origins of films as they were written in the early 1970s, during a time of social unrest and political upheaval. When "Star Wars" was released it reaffirmed the notion that there is such a thing as good versus evil and evil must be defeated. The films made use of Joseph Campbell's model of the hero's journey as discussed in the book "The Hero With a Thousand Faces". In "Star Wars", two characters embark on the hero's journey, Anakin Skywalker and his son Luke. Luke starts out as a nobody much

title: Star Wars (2015 comic book)

text: was replaced by Kieron Gillen while the art was taken over by Salvador Larroca. The "Star Wars" series focuses on Luke, Leia and Han's continued conflict against the Galactic Empire with their fellow Rebel allies soon after the destruction of the first Death Star. As the series begins, Leia leads a covert rebel mission to destroy an Imperial weapons factory, attracting the attention of Darth Vader. In issues #4–5, Luke returns to Tatooine, searching Obi-Wan Kenobi's abandoned house for anything of interest regarding Obi-Wan or his father. He fights Boba Fett but also discovers Obi-Wan's journals, which Luke reads in

title: The Glove of Darth Vader

text: The Glove of Darth Vader The Glove of Darth Vader is a "Star Wars" novel for young readers released in June 1992 as first book of the "Jedi Prince" series by Paul Davids and Hollace Davids. It is directly preceded within the chronology of the Star Wars expanded universe by "The Truce at Bakura" and is followed in the Jedi Prince series by "The Lost City of the Jedi". After the destruction of the second Death Star and the death of the Emperor, the Empire is left without a true leader. The Supreme Prophet Kadann prophesied that the next leader

title: I, Jedi

text: the fortress, where he is able to rescue his wife. I, Jedi I, Jedi is a novel, written by Michael A. Stackpole that is set in the "Star Wars" galaxy. It was the first "Star Wars" novel written in the first-person perspective of a character never seen in the movies. The novel takes place around the same time as Kevin J. Anderson's "Jedi Academy Trilogy". Like the "Jedi Academy Trilogy", "I, Jedi" is notable in that it provides a detailed, first-hand look at the training of a Jedi Knight. The novel revisits many of the situations first presented by Anderson.

title: Jason Fry

text: went on to work as a digital media consultant for a maker of publishing software, before becoming an independent writer in 2009. Fry first wrote for Star Wars in 1999, publishing a column on Vector Prime. He then went on to write the Clone Wars Visual Guide, which was published in 2008, and several other Star Wars books. His latest published work (as of March 2018) was Star Wars: The Last Jedi (Expanded Edition), the novelisation of the 2017 movie Star Wars: The Last Jedi. Fry's other works include the Jupiter Pirates, a book series about a family of space

title: Star Wars expanded to other media

text: Dave Filoni has used multiple characters and elements from "Legends" works in the series. Filoni explained that he followed Lucas's example in considering the films and television series canon, but allowing for the incorporation of "Legends" material. The first new canonical novel was "" by John Jackson Miller, published in September 2014, followed by the animated series "Star Wars Rebels" a month later. Marvel Comics began publishing a series of "Star Wars" comic book titles in January 2015. "" was released in December 2015, and marked the beginning of the sequel trilogy of films. Since then, multiple films have been

title: Romulo Royo

text: Scott, or the first trilogy of Star Wars of George Lucas or the Drum of Tin. But from watching the movie New York Stories composed of three short stories, specifically with Life Lessons directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Richard Price, at the moment knew that what he wanted was to be a painter. He studied in the School of Arts, Graphic Design and Illustration and later History in the Faculty of Philosophy that leaves to create an artistic group, called Group 3, along with Raul Navarro and Yago de Mateo, based on Dadaist performances and communiques. At the

title: Star Wars: The Clone Wars (novel)

text: their quest. Meanwhile, on the front lines of the Clone Wars, Obi-Wan Kenobi and Master Yoda lead the massive clone army in a valiant effort to resist the forces of the dark side. The book was released before the movie, "Star Wars: The Clone Wars", was released. Because of this, there are some differences between the movie and the book. The one that is noticed is during the Battle of Teth. In the movie, after the clones are defeated and Asajj Ventress and her droids and closing in on the surviving clones, there are six troopers instead of five like

title: Star Wars (Wilco album)

text: of an extension of the thought process behind, I don't know, staying in touch with some sort of wild energy as much as possible and some sort of an irreverence. But that painting of that cat hangs in the kitchen at the [Wilco] loft, and every day I'd look at it and go, "You know, that should just be the album cover." Then I started thinking about the phrase "Star Wars" recontextualized against that painting — it was beautiful and jarring. The album has nothing to do with "Star Wars". It just makes me feel good. It makes me feel

title: Pablo Hidalgo

text: magazine. During his involvement, he collected the first large-scale database of "Star Wars" knowledge, parts of which he posted online in 1997 as the "Star Wars Index". He also used his extensive knowledge to assist Steve Sansweet with fact-checking the "Star Wars Encyclopedia", the first such work published shortly before the release of the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy. In January 2000 he was hired by Sansweet at Lucasfilm to build up StarWars.com, the official "Star Wars" website, as a resource for fans during the then-active filming and launch of the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy. He then served as Internet Content

title: Star Wars (manga)

text: Star Artwork - Toshiki Kudo Volumes - 4 Volume 1: Hoth Battle Volume 2: Meeting Yoda Volume 3: Han, Leia, Chewbacca, C3P-O on Cloud City Volume 4: Han frozen, Luke loses his hand to Vader Artwork - Shin-Ichi Hiromoto Volumes - 4 Volume 1: Everyone captured by Jabba Volume 2: Escape from Jabba, head to Dagobah Volume 3: Ewok village, Luke's capture Volume 4: Death of Vader and Palpatine Artwork - Kia Asamiya Volumes - 2 Volume 1: Finding of Anakin Volume 2: Qui-Gon's death and Darth Maul battle Star Wars (manga) Four "Star Wars" films were adapted to manga

title: Star Wars: Jedi Apprentice

text: Star Wars: Jedi Apprentice Star Wars: Jedi Apprentice is a popular series of books in the fictional "Star Wars" (Legends) universe, published between 1999 and 2002. Jude Watson is the primary author of the series, although the first book was written by Dave Wolverton. The books follow the adventures of young Jedi Obi-Wan Kenobi and his Master, Qui-Gon Jinn, before the events of "". The series' main target market was supposed to be children aged 9 through 12, but due to the books' writing style and "serial" plot development, the books have managed to earn a loyal adult audience as

title: Star Wars expanded to other media

text: Horse published "Tales of the Jedi", expanding the fictional universe to the time of the Old Republic, 4000 years before the films. The series spawned many other productions, including books and comics, and a popular online role-playing game. In 1994, Lucas Licensing's Allan Kausch and Sue Rostoni discussed the relationship between Lucas' creations and the derivative works by other authors: The 1996 Steve Perry novel "", set in the as-yet-unexplored time period between "The Empire Strikes Back" and "Return of the Jedi", was part of a multimedia campaign that included a comic book series and . In 1999, "Star Wars"

title: Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader

text: wants to forget forever. It is revealed that the general public of the galaxy believes that Anakin Skywalker perished in the attack on the Jedi Temple (which Skywalker led as Darth Vader). The novel received largely positive reviews among the "Star Wars" fan communities, and was described as a successful narration of Vader's emotions and perspectives. Luceno told the magazine "Star Wars Insider" about a discussion he had with Ryan Kaufman, formerly of LucasArts, who had worn a Darth Vader costume during the production of a number of LucasArts "Star Wars" video games. Kaufman's description of what it was like


question: what was the religion in the virginia colony

answers: Anglican church

answers: The Church of England

answers: Anglican

title: Religion in early Virginia

text: in the colony in 1619. In practice, establishment meant that local taxes were funneled through the local parish to handle the needs of local government, such as roads and poor relief, in addition to the salary of the minister. As in England, the "parish" became a unit of local importance, equal in power and practical aspects to other entities, such as the courts and even the House of Burgesses and the Governor's Council (the two houses of the Virginia General Assembly). A typical parish contained three or four churches, as the parish churches needed to be close enough for people

title: Religion in early Virginia

text: between and among Catholics and various groups of Protestants would influence and spill into the European colonization efforts, and in turn affect the internal relations among the colonists through the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1570, a group of Spanish Jesuit missionaries founded the Ajacán Mission in what would become the Tidewater region of Virginia (its exact location uncertain). All but one of the missionaries were killed in 1571 by the indigenous populace. Subsequently, no Catholic churches would be founded in the future territory of Virginia until after the American Revolution. Anglicanism arrived in the Americas (and specifically what was

title: Freedom of religion

text: the other colonies' earlier colonial legislation, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, written in 1779 by Thomas Jefferson, proclaimed: [N]o man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer, on account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinions in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities. Those sentiments also found expression

title: Religion in early Virginia

text: glebe of 200 or , a house, and perhaps some livestock. The vestry paid him an annual salary of 16,000 pounds-of-tobacco, plus 20 shillings for every wedding and funeral. While not poor, the priests lived modestly and their opportunities for improvement were slim. After a crop failure caused the price of tobacco to jump, the Two Penny Act was enacted by the General Assembly in 1758, allowing clergy to be paid instead at the rate of two pence per pound of tobacco owed them. The act was nullified by the government in Britain, angering some colonists and leading to a

title: History of Virginia

text: which had converted in 1638. The other Powhatan tribes converted to Christianity around 1791. The stress on personal piety opened the way for the First Great Awakening in the mid 18th century, which pulled people away from the formal rituals of the established church. Especially in the back country, most families had no religious affiliation whatsoever and their low moral standards were shocking to proper Englishmen The Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians and other evangelicals directly challenged these lax moral standards and refused to tolerate them in their ranks. Baptists, German Lutherans and Presbyterians, funded their own ministers, and favored disestablishment of

title: History of the College of William & Mary

text: colony, from the Virginia Company of London, and the accompanying clergy believed they could bring "Ecclesia Anglicana", the beliefs of the British Empire, to the Native Americans in the new colony. The spiritual beliefs of the Native Americans differed from the colonists and were incorrectly assumed by colonists as a lack of education and literacy, due to the indigenous Powhatan people who lived in the area, that they called "Tsenacommacah", which used Mesoamerican writing systems of petroglyph, pictogram and petroform. The colonists assumed teaching English literacy would result in what the English saw as enlightenment in civil and religious practices,

title: Charter of 1606

text: to practice their duties as outlined in the paragraphs above. Charter of 1606 The 'Charter of 1606', also known as the First Charter of Virginia, is a document from King James I of England to the Virginia Company assigning land rights to colonists for the stated purpose of propagating the Christian religion. The land is described as coastal Virginia and islands near to the coast, but the surveying numbers correspond to modern day Bahamas to Canada. The patch of land itself would remain the property of the King, with the London Company and the Plymouth Company (the two divisions of

title: Catholic Church in the Thirteen Colonies

text: Plata, in June 1526. The severity of the winter, the rebellion of the settlers, and the hostility of the natives caused the abandonment of the settlement in the spring of 1527. In 1624 Virginia was made a crown colony. Because of the establishment of the English Church, hostility was shown to adherents of other beliefs and to Catholics in particular. Lord Baltimore attempted in vain to plant a Catholic colony in Virginia (1629–30). Stringent legislation was enacted against Catholics. In 1641 a decree declared that adherents of the pope were to be fined 1000 pounds of tobacco if they attempted

title: Religion in early Virginia

text: through the established church's vestry, whose composition reflected their leadership and influence. For example, Presbyterians filled at least nine of the twelve positions on the first vestry of Augusta parish in Staunton, Virginia, founded in 1746. The First Great Awakening impacted the area in the 1740s, leading Samuel Davies to be sent from Pennsylvania in 1747 to lead and minister to religious dissenters in Hanover County, Virginia. He eventually helped found the first presbytery in Virginia (the Presbytery of Hanover), evangelized slaves (remarkable in its time,), and influenced young Patrick Henry who traveled with his mother to listen to sermons.

title: Religion in early Virginia

text: The history of religion in early Virginia begins with the commencing of Anglican services in Jamestown 1607, which became the established church in 1619, and culminates with the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom in 1786.

title: Cape Henry

text: the First Charter of Virginia, King James I devoted parcels of land for the purpose of spreading the Christian religion. The Charter reads in part: "We greatly commending, and graciously accepting of, their Desires for the Furtherance of so noble a Work, which may, by the Providence of Almighty God, hereafter tend to the Glory of his Divine Majesty, in propagating of Christian Religion to such People, as yet live in Darkness and miserable Ignorance..." Captain Newport, with his three ships, "Susan Constant", the "Godspeed", and the "Discovery", and the group of 104 men and boys, subsequently explored inland and

title: Subversion and containment

text: of Virginia in 1586. Sir Walter Raleigh's duty had been in part to bring civilisation to the Native Americans (then referred to as "Indians"). As civilisation was purportedly impossible without Christianity, this was to be imposed upon the Native Americans. Harriot documented two relevant observations in his "Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia". Firstly, that the natives had a degree of religion to their culture of which Harriot drew parallels to Christianity. Secondly, he noticed that everyday non-divine objects caused the natives to believe in the divinity of the invaders, noting It would seem that

title: James Blair (Virginia)

text: Harrison family. Sarah Harrison, daughter of Benjamin Harrison Jr., became his wife on 2 June 1687. When James Clayton, Commissary in the Virginia Colony for the Bishop of London, died after just two years of service, Blair succeeded him, making him the colony's highest-ranking religious leader, a position that he would hold for 54 years. The leaders of the Virginia Colony had long wanted school to give their sons higher education, as well as to educate the natives. An earlier attempt to establish a permanent university at Henricus for these purposes around 1618 failed after the Indian Massacre of 1622

title: Elijah Craig

text: the colony, as the established state church received funding from the colony. In 1774, the convention of independent Baptists designated Elijah Craig and John Waller as apostles (missionaries) to evangelize north of the James River. Although Virginia had adopted the principle of freedom of religion in its Declaration of Rights in 1776 and again in the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom in 1786, Baptists still faced persecution during the early statehood period, particularly when they preached to mixed congregations of freemen and slaves, white and black. In these years, Baptists encouraged planters to free their slaves; and numerous slaves were

title: Richard Buck (chaplain)

text: Anne Burras. Richard Buck (chaplain) Reverend Richard Bucke was a minister to the Colony of Virginia at Jamestown, Virginia from 1610 to 1624. He was chaplain of the first session of the Virginia General Assembly, which was composed of the House of Burgesses and the Virginia Governor's Council. This assembly met in the church at Jamestown on July 30, 1619, as the first elected assembly and law making body in colonial America. Richard Bucke was born in 1582 in Wymondham, Leicestershire, England. Bucke was a graduate of Oxford University. Bucke was recruited to serve as minister to the Colony of

title: Charter of 1606

text: Charter of 1606 The 'Charter of 1606', also known as the First Charter of Virginia, is a document from King James I of England to the Virginia Company assigning land rights to colonists for the stated purpose of propagating the Christian religion. The land is described as coastal Virginia and islands near to the coast, but the surveying numbers correspond to modern day Bahamas to Canada. The patch of land itself would remain the property of the King, with the London Company and the Plymouth Company (the two divisions of the Virginia Company) as the King's tenants, and the settlers

title: Christianity in the United States

text: the local parish to handle the needs of local government, such as roads and poor relief, in addition to the salary of the minister. There never was a bishop in colonial Virginia; the local vestry consisted of laymen controlled the parish. The colonists were typically inattentive, uninterested, and bored during church services, according to the ministers, who complained that the people were sleeping, whispering, ogling the fashionably dressed women, walking about and coming and going, or at best looking out the windows or staring blankly into space. There were too few ministers for the widely scattered population, so ministers encouraged

title: Richard Buck (chaplain)

text: Richard Buck (chaplain) Reverend Richard Bucke was a minister to the Colony of Virginia at Jamestown, Virginia from 1610 to 1624. He was chaplain of the first session of the Virginia General Assembly, which was composed of the House of Burgesses and the Virginia Governor's Council. This assembly met in the church at Jamestown on July 30, 1619, as the first elected assembly and law making body in colonial America. Richard Bucke was born in 1582 in Wymondham, Leicestershire, England. Bucke was a graduate of Oxford University. Bucke was recruited to serve as minister to the Colony of Virginia at

title: Americans

text: Virginia by English Anglicans. Although some individual states retained established religious confessions well into the 19th century, the United States was the first nation to have no official state-endorsed religion. Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, the framers of the Constitution rejected any religious test for office, and the First Amendment specifically denied the federal government any power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise, thus protecting any religious organization, institution, or denomination from government interference. The decision was mainly influenced by European Rationalist and Protestant

title: Philip Ludwell III

text: religions but Protestantism are banned." In 1727 he inherited Green Spring Plantation, James City County, Virginia, from his father, Philip Ludwell II. He also inherited Rich Neck Plantation near Williamsburg and Chippokes, south of the James River, which is now a state park. His townhouse in Williamsburg still stands as a private residence within Colonial Williamsburg, known as the Ludwell-Paradise House: Ludwell's daughter Lucy inherited the house and her husband was John Paradise. Ludwell translated "The Orthodox Confession" of Peter Mogila, Metropolitan of Kiev, from Latin, and published this book in London in 1762. He also translated, from Greek, the

title: Women of Colonial Virginia

text: riots between the Indians and colonists. Pocahontas was viewed as a sex object by the men and held against her will. Her role early on was to bring food to the early settlers of Jamestown. She eventually became educated and was baptized into the English religion. At the time, the religion of the English Church was Protestantism. In 1614, she got married to English settler, John Rolfe. Her marriage to Rolfe helped to calm the tension between the two very different cultures of English and Native Americans. She later died in England in 1617. Mistress Forrest was the first English

title: Religion in early Virginia

text: at home, using the "Book of Common Prayer" for private prayer and devotion. This allowed devout Anglicans to lead an active and sincere religious life apart from the unpopular formal church services. However the stress on private devotion weakened the need for a bishop or a large institutional church of the sort Blair wanted. The stress on personal piety opened the way for the First Great Awakening, which pulled people away from the established church. In 1689, the Parliamentary Act of Toleration had allowed freedom of worship for certain Nonconformist Protestant groups in England, with conditions and legal constraints. Similar

title: George Fawdon

text: of George Fawdon's presence in the Virginia colony is from a court in James City, Virginia on February 8, 1627 (/1628) which ordered "that George Fawdon, Thomas Sawyer & Wassell Weblin shall have leave to goe & live at Warosquoyacke." Warrosquoyacke was one of the several spellings of the area that became Isle of Wight County, Virginia in 1637. Warwicksqueake is another. On September 29, 1629, Justinian Cooper and wife deeded land there to Wassall Weblin and George Fawdon. Weblin and Fawdon assigned the land to Robert Sabine on February 25, 1630. Because of later grants of land abutting Fawdon's

title: Jamestown Church

text: King James and the lack of authority over him by the Pope before they set sail to Virginia. There was no separation of church and state in 17th century England, or in any other European country. Church services in James Fort were held fourteen times a week, with sermons preached at services on Sunday and on either Wednesday or Thursday. Two prayer services, one in the morning and one in the evening, were held Monday through Saturday. An afternoon catechism was also held by the minister on Sunday. After the introduction of strict martial law by Deputy Governor Sir Thomas

title: History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance

text: England reached its fulfilment in the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the First Amendment to the American Constitution." That the North American colonies and later the United States provided a refuge for religious minorities from Europe partly explains the higher degree of religiosity in the contemporary United States and the "unusual sectarian quality of U.S. Protestantism". Compared to Europe, "the United States has a superabundance of denominations and sects (...) as well as a far higher ratio of churchgoers." Which importance the Christian religion should have in the United States, with its strong concept of Separation of church and

title: Southern Colonies

text: for themselves. They soon became a majority of the population, and in 1642 religious tension began to erupt. Calvert was forced to take control and pass the Maryland Toleration Act in 1649, making Maryland the second colony to have freedom of worship, after Rhode Island. However, the Act did little to help religious peace. In 1654, Protestants barred Catholics from voting, ousted a pro-tolerance Governor, and repealed the Toleration Act. Maryland stayed Protestant until Calvert again took control of the colony in 1658. The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony or the Province of Virginia, and

title: Alexander Whitaker

text: at Henricus two years later. She took the baptismal name "Rebecca". Richard Buck presided at her marriage to John Rolfe on April 5, 1614. His relative tolerance of the Native American population that English colonists encountered can be found in his sermons, some of which were sent back to England to help win support for the new colonies in North America. The most famous of these sermons is "Good Newes from Virginia" (1613) (https://archive.org/stream/goodnewesfromvir00whituoft#page/n7/mode/2up), in which he describes the native population as ""servants of sinne and slaves of the divill,"" but also recognizes them as ""sons of Adam,"" who are

title: History of religion in the United States

text: of Schism and vile opinions." The "business" of the first settlers, a Puritan minister recalled in 1681, "was not Toleration, but [they] were professed enemies of it." Puritans expelled dissenters from their colonies, a fate that in 1636 befell Roger Williams and in 1638 Anne Hutchinson, America's first major female religious leader. Those who defied the Puritans by persistently returning to their jurisdictions risked capital punishment, a penalty imposed on the Boston martyrs, four Quakers, between 1659 and 1661. Reflecting on the 17th century's intolerance, Thomas Jefferson was unwilling to concede to Virginians any moral superiority to the Puritans. Beginning

title: Samuel Mathews

text: a persecutor of the Puritan sect in Virginia in the days before Cromwell. In January 1660, shortly before the English Restoration, Matthews died in office, and the Burgesses at that point simply reinstated the former Royalist Governor, William Berkeley by unanimous vote. Thus, in the view of historian Robert Beverley, Jr. writing in 1705, Virginia colony "was the last of all the King's Dominions that submitted to the Usurpation, and afterwards the first that cast it off." His brother Francis (1632-1673) outlived him. Governor Mathews married about 1655, but little information is known about his wife, other than some sources

title: History of Christianity in the United States

text: passionate commitment to their faith, scholars now identify a high level of religious energy in colonies after 1700. According to one expert, religion was in the "ascension rather than the declension"; another sees a "rising vitality in religious life" from 1700 onward; a third finds religion in many parts of the colonies in a state of "feverish growth." Figures on church attendance and church formation support these opinions. Between 1700 and 1740, an estimated 75-80% of the population attended churches, which were being built at a headlong pace. By 1780 the percentage of adult colonists who adhered to a church

title: Religion in early Virginia


question: who is the longest serving manager in manchester united history

answers: Sir Alex Ferguson

title: 2012–13 Manchester United F.C. season

text: Alex Ferguson announced that he would retire from his position as manager of Manchester United after 26 and a half years in charge, making him the longest-serving manager of any English club by this stage. He had won 38 trophies during that time — more than any other manager in the history of football, and at 71 was the oldest serving manager currently in the Premier League or Football League. The next day, Manchester United announced that David Moyes of Everton would take over from Ferguson at the beginning of the 2013–14 season. Manchester United preceded their 2012–13 campaign with

text: stay on as manager, after he had stated that he would retire at the end of the season after 16 years at the club. The 2002 close season saw the club break the national transfer record with the £29 million signing of Leeds United and England centre-half Rio Ferdinand. He helped Manchester United to another Premier League title in 2002–03, the club's eighth title in 11 seasons, after some disappointing results in the first season saw them unbeaten after the turn of the new year. The league success was one of the more remarkable because the team were 8 points

title: Alex Ferguson

text: his 25 years as manager of Manchester United. In addition to being the only manager to win the top league honours, and the 'Double', north and south of the England–Scotland border (winning the Premier League with Manchester United, and the Scottish Premier Division with Aberdeen), he is also the last manager to win the Scottish league championship with a non Old Firm team, achieving this in the 1984–85 season with Aberdeen. He is also the only manager in English football to have managed to finish in the top three league places in 20 consecutive seasons, since the 1991–92 season (with

text: manager. He had been associated with the club since joining them as a player in the mid 1950s but he quickly faltered in the footsteps of the great man, and was not helped by Busby's presence in the background. United were an ageing side in need of refreshment, a circumstance McGuinness was unfortunate to come across. The club coped well enough in his first season in charge, managing an improved finish of 8th place compared to 11th place in Busby's final season. However, the cracks showed the following season, as the team floundered near the bottom of the table, and

title: Alex Ferguson

text: a highly successful period as manager of Aberdeen, winning three Scottish league championships, four Scottish Cups and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1983. He briefly managed Scotland following the death of Jock Stein, taking the team to the 1986 World Cup. Ferguson was appointed manager of Manchester United in November 1986. During his 26 years with Manchester United he won 38 trophies, including 13 Premier League titles, five FA Cups, and two UEFA Champions League titles. He was knighted in the 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours list, for his services to the game. Ferguson is the longest serving manager of

title: F.C. United of Manchester

text: and was appointed permanent player-manager the next month. F.C. United finished the season in 16th place and retained the Manchester FA county cup with a penalty shoot-out victory against Trafford F.C. Greaves, who became the club's all-time record goal-scorer in December 2017, saw his contract extended until the end of the 2018–19 season. After a poor start to the 2018–19 season, Greaves left the club at the end of August 2018, with long-serving former player David Chadwick acting as interim manager. In late October, the club appointed Neil Reynolds as first team manager. F.C. United's club colours are red, white

title: Alex Ferguson

text: (190). In 2017, Ferguson was named among the 10 most influential coaches since the foundation of UEFA in 1954. St Mirren Aberdeen Manchester United Individual Alex Ferguson Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson (born 31 December 1941) is a Scottish former football manager and player who managed Manchester United from 1986 to 2013. He is regarded to be one of the greatest and most successful managers of all time. Ferguson played as a forward for several Scottish clubs, including Dunfermline Athletic and Rangers. While playing for Dunfermline, he was the top goalscorer in the Scottish league in the 1965–66 season. Towards the

title: History of Manchester United F.C. (1945–69)

text: club to win the European Cup, beating Benfica 4–1 in the final, with a team that contained three European Footballers of the Year: Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best. Matt Busby resigned as manager in 1969 and was replaced by the reserve team coach, former Manchester United player Wilf McGuinness. In February 1945, with the Second World War in its final few months, Matt Busby met club president James Gibson in Manchester, where he was offered a three-year contract to become manager of Manchester United. At Busby's insistence, this was lengthened to five years; he was appointed manager aged

text: History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013) The period from 1986, when Alex Ferguson was appointed as Manchester United manager, to 2013, when he announced his retirement from football, was the most successful in the club's history. Ferguson joined the club from Aberdeen on the same day that Ron Atkinson was dismissed, and guided the club to a 12th-place finish in the league. Despite a second-place finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the following season. Reportedly on the verge of being dismissed, victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw)

title: List of Manchester United F.C. managers

text: The longest-serving and most successful person to manage Manchester United is Sir Alex Ferguson, who won 13 Premier League titles, five FA Cups, four League Cups, 10 Community Shields, two UEFA Champions League titles, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup in his managerial reign of more than 26 years.

text: a League Cup elimination at the hands of Aston Villa, who at the time were mid-table in the Third Division, led to McGuinness being demoted back to his old reserve team position, and he left the club altogether shortly afterwards. Busby returned to the manager's seat on a temporary basis and pulled the team well clear of relegation, eventually matching the previous year's 8th-place finish. Frank O'Farrell of Leicester City became the club's new manager in the 1971 close season, after unsuccessful approaches for Jock Stein of Celtic, Don Revie of Leeds United and Dave Sexton of Chelsea. Despite starting

text: Euro 96. United also expanded their options in the wider attacking positions by signing Jordi Cruyff, son of the Dutch legend Johan, from Barcelona. However, it was Solskjær and Johnsen who would go on to enjoy the longest and most successful careers with United, whereas Poborský lasted just 18 months before being sold to Benfica, and Cruyff was unable to hold down a regular place during his four seasons at Old Trafford. For a while that autumn, it looked as though Newcastle had bought the title, as they ended United's unbeaten start to the league season on 20 October 1996

text: History of Manchester United F.C. (1969–86) Following an eighth-place finish in the 1969–70 season and a poor start to the 1970–71 season, Busby was persuaded to temporarily resume managerial duties, and McGuinness returned to his position as reserve team coach. In June 1971, Frank O'Farrell was appointed as manager, but lasted just 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972. Docherty saved Manchester United from relegation that season, only to see them relegated in 1974. By that time, the trio of Best, Law and Charlton had left the club. The team won promotion at the first attempt

title: Wilf McGuinness

text: 1989. Manchester United Wilf McGuinness Wilfred McGuinness (born 25 October 1937 in Manchester, England) is an English former football player and manager, who played twice for England in his short playing career. He succeeded Sir Matt Busby as manager of Manchester United in 1969. Following his tenure at the Manchester United bench, McGuinness had a four year long stay in Greece, leading Panachaiki through their first appearance in a European competition, the 1973–74 UEFA Cup. McGuinness' son Paul was Manchester United's U-18 team manager and assistant director of their youth academy for 17- to 21-year-olds. As a player, he captained

title: Manchester United F.C.

text: Manchester United manager on a three-year deal, with Giggs as his assistant. Malcolm Glazer, the patriarch of the Glazer family that owns the club, died on 28 May 2014. Although Van Gaal's first season saw United once again qualify for the Champions League through a fourth-place finish in the Premier League, his second season saw United go out of the same tournament in the group stage. United also fell behind in the title race for the third consecutive season, finishing in 5th place, in spite of several expensive signings during Van Gaal's tenure. However, that same season, Manchester United won

text: two European Cup triumphs in four successive seasons, was also rumoured to be linked with the vacancy, but chairman Martin Edwards insisted that United would not be making an approach for Clough. Bobby Robson, whose Ipswich Town side had just won the UEFA Cup), was also named as a possible candidate, as was Ron Saunders, who had just guided Aston Villa to their first league title in 71 years. But in the end, it was Ron Atkinson who got the job. He broke the British transfer record in October 1981 to sign England midfielder Bryan Robson from West Bromwich Albion

title: History of Manchester United F.C. (1878–1945)

text: was suspended at the outbreak of the First World War, during which Sandy Turnbull was killed in France. On 28 December 1914, Jack Robson was appointed as the club's first official manager; previously, the club secretary had been responsible for the majority of matters relating to the playing of the game. Mangnall's position as secretary was first filled by T.J. Wallworth, then by Bentley, under whom Robson worked. No football was played during the war, which meant that the club was not generating any revenue, but the club had to continue to pay for the running of Old Trafford, and

text: Ferguson remains as a director and ambassador for the club. On 19 May 2013, Ferguson managed Manchester United for the last time in a 5–5 draw at West Bromwich Albion, who had competed alongside them in the early stages of the title race before fading to finish eighth. During the Glazers' ownership, United have won 15 trophies, including five Premier League titles, three Football League Cups, five FA Community Shields, one UEFA Champions League, and one FIFA Club World Cup. History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013) The period from 1986, when Alex Ferguson was appointed as Manchester United manager, to

title: Premier League

text: League from 1996 to his retirement at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season, and holds the record for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828, all with Arsenal. He broke the record set by Alex Ferguson, who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League's inception to his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season. Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season, meaning he was manager for the last five years of the old Football League First Division and all of

title: History of football in England

text: his excellent form over three years at the club before leaving to finish his career in Japan. Leeds had finally won promotion back to the top flight in 1990 and under Howard Wilkinson they won the 1991–92 league title. Wilkinson is still the most recent English manager to win the league championship. However, the departure of Eric Cantona to Manchester United, amongst other factors, meant they were unable to make a regular challenge for the title following the creation of the Premier League, although they did survive at this level for 12 seasons and achieved regular top five finishes. Manchester

text: new signings were clearly needed. And he was facing no shortage of competition for honours and player signatures, not least from a still-dominant Liverpool and an Everton side who were also enjoying a strong run of success. History of Manchester United F.C. (1969–86) Following an eighth-place finish in the 1969–70 season and a poor start to the 1970–71 season, Busby was persuaded to temporarily resume managerial duties, and McGuinness returned to his position as reserve team coach. In June 1971, Frank O'Farrell was appointed as manager, but lasted just 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972.

title: History of Manchester City F.C. (1965–2001)

text: barely avoided being immediately relegated in 1986, and McNeill left the club to become manager of Aston Villa a few weeks into the next season. Jimmy Frizzell became manager for the rest of the season, but failed to prevent relegation with City finishing the season in second-bottom place and suffering relegation alongside Aston Villa and Leicester City. Frizzell then stepped down to be succeeded by Mel Machin. City won promotion back to the First Division in 1989 after finishing runners-up in the Second Division under the management of Mel Machin. 1989–90 was a difficult season and Machin was sacked in

text: Lee Sharpe. It was the last season at Old Trafford for club captain Bryan Robson after 13 years and more than 400 appearances; he had accepted an offer to manage Middlesbrough. Also on their way out of the club that summer were Les Sealey (the goalkeeping hero of the 1990 FA Cup final replay who had later returned as Peter Schmeichel's understudy), Mike Phelan and long-serving utility player Clayton Blackmore. In the 1994 FA Cup Final on 14 May, it was goalless at half time but two Cantona penalties and subsequent goals from Mark Hughes and Brian McClair gave United

text: last seven matches under his direction. He was replaced by Ron Atkinson, who immediately broke the British record transfer fee to sign Bryan Robson from West Bromwich Albion. Under Atkinson, Manchester United won the FA Cup twice in three years – in 1983 and 1985. In 1985–86, after 13 wins and two draws in its first 15 matches, the club was favourite to win the league, but finished in fourth place. The following season, with the club in danger of relegation by November, Atkinson was dismissed. Wilf McGuinness, the reserve team coach, was promoted to take Matt Busby's place as

title: Premier League Manager of the Season

text: of the 2009–10 season, having guided the club to fourth position and a spot in the following season's Champions League at the expense of Manchester City. In May 2011, Ferguson picked up his tenth Manager of the Season award for leading Manchester United to a record 19th league title. In May 2012, Alan Pardew won his first Manager of the Season award after guiding Newcastle United to their highest position in nine years. In May 2013, Ferguson picked up his eleventh Manager of the Season award for leading Manchester United to a record 20th league title. Tony Pulis became the

text: off-season. The summer of 1998 saw the departure of the club's two longest-serving players: Brian McClair ended his 11-year association with United by returning to his first club Motherwell, while Gary Pallister returned to Middlesbrough after nine years at Old Trafford. The 1998–99 season was the most successful in the history of Manchester United. United won the Premier League, the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League, becoming the first English club to achieve the feat of winning the domestic league and cup as well as the European Cup in the same season. After a 3–2 home defeat against Middlesbrough

title: Ernest Mangnall

text: third most successful manager at the club. He started his management at Manchester United in 1903 and saw his team narrowly miss promotion in his first two seasons before success at the third attempt. In the first season in the First Division the club finished in mid-table. However, in only their second season in the First Division, he managed United to their first ever League Championship in 1907–08 by a nine-point margin over Aston Villa. The following year saw United drop below mid-table but the club won its first FA Cup with a 1–0 victory in the final against Bristol

title: Arthur Albiston

text: He helped the club win the FA Cup in 1977, 1983 and 1985. Albiston left Manchester United in August 1988 for West Bromwich Albion, managed by ex-Red Devils boss Ron Atkinson, on a free transfer. By the time of his departure from Old Trafford he was the longest-serving player at the squad and the only player remaining from the Tommy Docherty era. He made his Albion debut in a league match away at Leicester City early in the 1988–89 season, and went on to make 47 appearances and score two goals that season, after which he returned to his homeland

title: Ernest Mangnall

text: football is significant as many believe he was the instigator behind United's move to Old Trafford and City's move to Maine Road. Ernest Mangnall James Ernest Mangnall (4 January 1866 – 13 January 1932) was an English football manager who started his career with Burnley and managed Manchester United between 1903–1912 and then went on to manage Manchester City from 1912–1924, and is the only man to date to have managed both clubs. Born in Bolton, Lancashire, Mangnall played amateur football as a goalkeeper and was a director at Bolton Wanderers. He started his career in football management with Burnley

text: Lee Sharpe from Torquay United, but were pipped to midfielder Paul Gascoigne by Tottenham Hotspur in the first £2 million signing by a British club. After suffering a number of injuries to first-team players in the 1988–89 season, Ferguson introduced a host of young players into the team – including Sharpe as well as Russell Beardsmore (who inspired United to a 3–1 win over Liverpool on New Year's Day 1989). A six-match winning run beginning in January saw the club rise to third place in February, but it finished the season in 11th after a slump set in during the

title: List of Manchester United F.C. managers