question: new movie of ajay devgan and sonakshi sinha

answers: Action Jackson

title: Sonakshi Sinha

text: female-oriented comedy film "Happy Phirr Bhag Jayegi" along with Diana Penty in the eponymous character. The film was released on 24 August 2018. After that, she will reprise her role in Dabangg 3, with Salman Khan & Arbaaz Khan. It will be directed by Prabhu Deva. The film's shooting will start in the April 2018 and is slated to release in December 2018. Then she also has a special appearance in Nikhil Advani's to be directed film based on the infamous Batra House in Delhi. Saif Ali Khan is also a part of the film. She will also be seen

title: Ajay Devgn

text: film was produced by Ajay Devgn, Nana Patekar, Abhinav Shuklaa, Manish Mishra, & Rohit Choudhary and released on 9 February 2018. The story was a dramatic thriller and written by Vivek Bele. The film was distributed by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures. Ajay Devgn Vishal Devgan (born 2 April 1969), known professionally as Ajay Devgn, is an Indian film actor, director and producer. He is widely considered as one of the most popular and influential actors of Hindi cinema, who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films. Devgn has won numerous accolades, including two National Film Awards and four Filmfare

title: Ajay Devgn filmography

text: as a protective father in Nishikant Kamat's "Drishyam" (2015). The following year he directed, produced and starred in the action drama "Shivaay" with Erika Kaar. Devgn has produced two short films; "The Awakening" (2006) and "Save The Girl Child" (2012). He has also hosted the TV show "Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath" (2012). Ajay Devgn filmography Ajay Devgn is an Indian Bollywood film actor, director and producer. His debut as an actor came in "Phool Aur Kaante" (1991), which won him the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. Devgn then played a kickboxer in the martial arts film "Jigar"

title: Ajay Devgn

text: man haunted by uncertainty about his lover's faithfulness. The serious look that Ajay carries suits him to the T. Of course, Ajay is exceptional in the film and looks every inch the character he portrays." In 2006, Devgn also starred in Rohit Shetty's "Golmaal". It had two sequels "Golmaal Returns" and "Golmaal 3". In the same year, Devgn was featured in a short documentary about the Mumbai floods of 2005 titled "The Awakening". In 2007 Devgn starred in two movies, director Anubhav Sinha's action thriller "Cash" and "Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag". In 2008, Devgn performed in the social film

title: Sonakshi Sinha

text: that she was working on a new single. She also confirmed that she will perform as the opening act for Canadian singer Justin Bieber's Purpose World Tour concert at the DY Patil Stadium in Mumbai on 10 May, where she hopes to launch her new single. In 2018, she was seen in comedy spoof film "Welcome to New York", with an ensemble cast including Diljit Dosanjh, Karan Johar, and others. It was the first film to be based on the Award Show. It was shot in IIFA Awards 2017 and was a box-office bomb. The same year, Sinha appeared in

title: Sonakshi Sinha

text: Sonakshi Sinha Sonakshi Sinha (; born 2 June 1987) is an Indian film actress. She is the daughter of actors Shatrughan Sinha and Poonam Sinha. After working as a costume designer in her early career, Sinha made her acting debut in the action-drama film "Dabangg" (2010), which won her all the Debut awards including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Sinha has played the romantic interest of the male protagonists in several top-grossing action-dramas, including "Rowdy Rathore" (2012), "Son of Sardaar" (2012), "Dabangg 2" (2012) and "" (2014), though she was criticized for taking up roles that offered her

title: Anil Devgan

text: Anil Devgan Anil Devgan is the son of Prem Prakash Devgan, brother of actor Ajay Devgan, and brother-in-law of actress Kajol. Anil Devgan has also tried his hand with directing, and has directed his brother in two of his films: Raju Chacha and Blackmail (2005 film). He was born to Prem Prakash Devgan, is the brother of superstar Ajay Devgan and brother in law of actress Kajol. He studied in Kendriya Vidyalaya in Delhi. From a young age, he had a creative mind fascinated by stories and had the passion to tell them. He is an avid music lover and

title: Ajay Devgn FFilms

text: Hum", which marked his directorial debut. Devgn also played the lead role in the film, sharing the screen again with Kajol. The film was written by Devgn himself and three other writers. Critical reception was generally positive, with Taran Adarsh giving the film 4 out of 5 stars and describing it as "A well-made, absorbing love story that's high on emotional quotient". In 2009, Devgn released and acted in his home production "", which was directed by Rohit Shetty and also starring, Sanjay Dutt, Fardeen Khan, Bipasha Basu and Mugdha Godse. The film was released on 16 October 2009 and

title: Sonakshi Sinha

text: everyone to rise above looks. Sonakshi Sinha Sonakshi Sinha (; born 2 June 1987) is an Indian film actress. She is the daughter of actors Shatrughan Sinha and Poonam Sinha. After working as a costume designer in her early career, Sinha made her acting debut in the action-drama film "Dabangg" (2010), which won her all the Debut awards including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Sinha has played the romantic interest of the male protagonists in several top-grossing action-dramas, including "Rowdy Rathore" (2012), "Son of Sardaar" (2012), "Dabangg 2" (2012) and "" (2014), though she was criticized for taking

title: Action Jackson (2014 film)

text: Action Jackson is a 2014 Indian action comedy film directed by Prabhu Deva and produced by Gordhan Tanwani and Sunil Lulla. It features Ajay Devgn in dual roles, alongside Sonakshi Sinha, Yami Gautam and Manasvi Mamgai as the female leads. Kunaal Roy Kapur appears in a supporting role with Anandaraj portraying the main antagonist. Prabhu Deva and Ajay Devgn have paired for the first time with this film. Action Jackson released on 5 December 2014.

title: Ajay Devgn

text: starred David Dhawan's action comedy film "Rascals". The following year, Devgn starred in "Tezz", directed by Priyadarshan. His co-stars were Anil Kapoor, Boman Irani, Kangana Ranaut, Sameera Reddy and Zayed Khan. Devgan then starred in Rohit Shetty's film "Bol Bachchan". He then starred in "Son Of Sardaar". In 2013, Devgn featured in the critically and commercially unsuccessful remake of "Himmatwala". Devgn next featured in Prakash Jha's political drama "Satyagraha". In 2014, Devgn featured in Rohit Shetty's "Singham Returns", a sequel to "Singham"."Singham Returns" received mixed reviews from Indian critics. Taran Adarsh of "Bollywood Hungama" gave it 4 stars and said:

title: Ajay Devgn FFilms

text: received positive response from critics. It was rated a hit in India, and is the ninth highest grossing Bollywood film of 2009. In 2012, Devgn starred in Rohit Shetty's romantic action comedy film "Bol Bachchan", which was a joint production by Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd and also featured Abhishek Bachchan, Asin and Prachi Desai in lead roles. The film, made on a budget of , is an official remake of the popular 1979 film "Gol Maal". The film was released on 6 July 2012 in around 2,575 screens worldwide with 2,700 prints. It received mixed reviews from critics but

title: Ajay Devgn filmography

text: from Mani Ratnam. He portrayed a character based on Othello in the critically acclaimed film "Omkara" (2006), a remake of William Shakespeare's play "Othello" and also played Gopal in Rohit Shetty's multi-starrer comedy "" (2006), a role he later reprised in its sequels "Golmaal Returns" (2008) and "Golmaal 3" (2010). In 2007, Devgn appeared in two commercial failures, including Varma's "Aag", based on the 1975 cult classic "Sholay". "Aag" is considered one of the worst films. In 2008, Devgn acted in the drama "Halla Bol", and directed and produced the romantic drama "U Me Aur Hum". In 2009, he produced

title: Sonakshi Sinha

text: in a song of Yamla Pagla Deewana Phir Se. She will also star in Abhishek Varman's Kalank along with an ensemble cast including Sanjay Dutt, Madhuri Dixit, Alia Bhatt, Aditya Roy Kapoor, Varun Dhawan and Kiara Advani. The film is produced by Karan Johar and Sajid Nadiadwala and is slated to release on 19 April 2019.She is also a philanthropist. Sinha is all set to recreate Helen iconic track ‘Mungda’ for Indra Kumar upcoming film, Total Dhamaal. Sonakshi Sinha is a professed animal lover, and she had posed for a PETA campaign advocating the adoption and sterilization of dogs and

title: Ajay Devgn

text: company's first film was "Raju Chacha", (2000) starring Devgan and Kajol. In 2008, Devgn made his directorial debut and co-produced "U Me Aur Hum". Devgn was part of the drama film's team of four writers. The film tells the story of a woman (Kajol) who has a very weak memory and even forgets her own husband. Taran Adarsh, a film critic, described it as "a well-made, absorbing love story that's high on the emotional quotient." In 2009, Devgn released his home production "", which was directed by Rohit Shetty and starred Devgn, Sanjay Dutt, Fardeen Khan, Bipasha Basu and Mugdha

title: Ajay Devgn

text: role of an honest Indian Revenue Service officer, which released to positive critical feedback on 16 March, and was a commercial success. Devgn has long been working on producing "Sons of Sardaar: The Battle of Saragari", a sequel to "Son of Sardaar". In August 2017, Devgn stated: "We are working on the script but it won’t happen for another two years because of the scale of the project." He has also committed to star with Rakul Preet Singh and Tabu in his next Hindi romcom, produced by Luv Ranjan. Devgn's production company Ajay Devgn Films, was established in 2000. The

title: Ajay Devgn

text: Godse. The film was released on 16 October 2009, and was the ninth-highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2009. In 2012, Devgn starred in Rohit Shetty's romantic action comedy film "Bol Bachchan", which was a joint production with Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd. It also featured Abhishek Bachchan, Asin and Prachi Desai. The film, made with a budget of , is an official remake of "Gol Maal" (1979). The film was released on 6 July 2012 in about 2,575 cinemas around the world and had 2,700 prints. It received mixed reviews but had a good opening at the box office. The film

title: Alia Bhatt

text: of the highest-grossing Hindi films featuring a female protagonist; its success led Box Office India to credit Bhatt as the most successful contemporary actress of Hindi cinema. , Bhatt has six upcoming projects. She has filmed opposite Ranveer Singh for Zoya Akhtar's "Gully Boy", a musical based on the life of rappers living in Mumbai's ghettos. She has also committed to star with Ranbir Kapoor and Amitabh Bachchan in Ayan Mukerji's fantasy film trilogy, the first of which is named "Brahmastra", and will collaborate once again with Abhishek Varman in the ensemble period drama "Kalank", co-starring Madhuri Dixit, Sonakshi Sinha,

title: Ajay Devgn

text: in "Divya Shakti" and then "Sangram", a story of enmity between two fathers. Devgan then worked with Deepak Bahry, who directed the action film "Ek Hi Raasta", and with Deepak Pawar, who directed "Platform". Other releases that year were "Shaktiman", "Dhanwan" and "Bedardi". In 1994, Devgn starred in Harry Baweja's romantic action movie "Dilwale". He played the part of Arun Saxena, a man with intellectual impairment. The movie was the tenth-highest-grossing movie of the year. His next release was "Kanoon" and then Kuku Kohli's "Suhaag" with Akshay Kumar. The movie was about two friends. Devgn played Ajay Sharma/Malhotra. "Suhaag" was

title: Haseena Maan Jaayegi

text: Amirchand comes to know of this and reaches Goa with his assistant Kunj Biharilal (Satish Kaushik). As they, along with Gulzarilal are on their way to police station, they are kidnapped by a Bhai (Ashish Vidyarthi). Sonu and Monu escape from the lockup with Bhootnath's (Paresh Rawal) help and rescue their father and to-be father-in-law, thus proving to be worthy sons. Haseena Maan Jaayegi Haseena Maan Jaayegi () is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by David Dhawan. It stars Sanjay Dutt, Govinda, Karisma Kapoor, Pooja Batra, Anupam Kher, Kader Khan, Aruna Irani, and Paresh Rawal. The film is

title: Arjan Bajwa

text: the Telugu movie "King" along with Nagarjuna Akkineni and Trisha. He then appeared in another Telugu film "Arundhati" starring Anushka Shetty and Sonu Sood, which became the highest grossing Telugu film at its time of release. He then appeared in Ajay Devgn's comedy film "Son of Sardaar", where he was paired with Sonakshi Sinha. He also acted in "Crook" (2010) with Emraan Hashmi and "Bobby Jasoos" (2014) with Vidya Balan. He has appeared in the film "Rustom" starring Akshay Kumar, Ileana D'Cruz and Esha Gupta which was released in August 2016. In addition to acting, he has hosted the Filmfare

title: Sonakshi Sinha

text: in the 2010 film "Dabangg", in which she starred opposite Salman Khan. It went on to become the highest-grossing film of 2010 and ultimately emerged as an all-time blockbuster. Sinha had to lose 30 kg in preparation for the role as a village girl. Her performance was well received, with noted critic Taran Adarsh noting that "Sonakshi Sinha looks fresh, acts confidently and pairs off very well with Salman. Most importantly, she delivers the right expressions and is not overpowered by the galaxy of stars in the cast." Although Sinha had no film releases in 2011, she won awards for

title: Ajay Devgn FFilms

text: enjoyed a good opening at the box office. The film supposedly created a record for its advance bookings. "Bol Bachchan" has become one of the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time in India. Box Office India declared the film as a "hit" and it grossed worldwide. That same year Devgn starred in Ashwni Dhir's romantic action comedy film, "Son of Sardaar", which was a joint production by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures, also featuring Sanjay Dutt, Sonakshi Sinha and Juhi Chawla in lead roles. The film was released on 13 November 2012. Whilst having competition with the Yash Raj film "Jab

title: Ajay Devgn

text: Ajay Devgn Vishal Devgan (born 2 April 1969), known professionally as Ajay Devgn, is an Indian film actor, director and producer. He is widely considered as one of the most popular and influential actors of Hindi cinema, who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films. Devgn has won numerous accolades, including two National Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards. In 2016, he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian honour of the country. Devgn began his professional career with "Phool Aur Kaante" in 1991 and received a Filmfare Award for Best Male

title: Sonakshi Sinha

text: to be a commercial disaster at the box office and received overwhelmingly negative reviews. Her third film, Ashwni Dhir's "Son of Sardar", opposite Ajay Devgn, was poorly received by the critics, but proved to be an economic success. Critic Saibal Chatterjee from NDTV noted that Sinha "endeavours to be pretty and dainty amid all the madness." Arbaaz Khan's "Dabangg 2", the sequel to her immensely successful debut garnered little praise from critics, though it proved to be a major financial success. Sinha also dubbed for the voice of Tooth in the Hindi version of "Rise of the Guardians". Sinha's first

title: Hindustan Ki Kasam (1999 film)

text: Hindustan Ki Kasam (1999 film) Hindustan Ki Kasam (Hindi: हिन्दुस्तान की कसम; Swear on India) is a 1999 Indian action film directed by Veeru Devgan and starring his son Ajay Devgn (in dual role), Amitabh Bachchan, Manisha Koirala and Sushmita Sen. The film was an average grosser, despite taking a bumper opening. It broke the opening day record in India at the time of its release. A mother gives birth to twins. The twins' father was an Indian Army officer who died in war. Unfortunately, they are separated at the end of the war when their father was celebrating their

title: Sonakshi Sinha

text: her debut. This included the Filmfare Award as well as the IIFA Awards among many others. Sinha had four releases in 2012, her first being Prabhu Deva's "Rowdy Rathore", opposite Akshay Kumar. The film opened to mixed reviews from critics, although it had a strong opening at the box office, collecting approx. on the first day and eventually became a blockbuster. However, critic Rajeev Masand criticized her ornamental role and wrote that Sinha "seems to exist in this film only to have her midriff repeatedly pinched by Akshay Kumar." Her next film, Shirish Kunder's "Joker", also opposite Akshay Kumar, proved

title: Anil Devgan

text: film for children because of 'courage comes in all sizes.', Planet Bollywood said 'The film is very well done with great special effects. Director of a first-timer is adequate. He shows great promise as a director.' He was also the creative director in 'Son of Sardar' and also in 'Shivaay' (under pre-production as of March 2015). Anil Devgan Anil Devgan is the son of Prem Prakash Devgan, brother of actor Ajay Devgan, and brother-in-law of actress Kajol. Anil Devgan has also tried his hand with directing, and has directed his brother in two of his films: Raju Chacha and Blackmail

title: Ajay Devgn FFilms

text: film "Shivaay" (2016). Ajay Devgn FFilms Ajay Devgn Ffilms is an Indian film production and distribution company established by actor Ajay Devgn in 2000. Based in Mumbai, it mainly produces and distributes Hindi films. In 2015, Ajay Devgn has also started a Vfx company called NY VFXWAALA named after his kids, Nysa and Yug. In 2000, ADF released its first film, Raju Chacha. The film starred Devgn himself as the lead actor and his wife Kajol as the lead actress. "Raju Chacha" received mixed reviews but grossed Rs 82.5 million at the box office. In 2008, Devgn co-produced the drama

title: Ajay Devgn

text: novel "Na Hanyate", was directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and co-starred Salman Khan and Aishwarya Rai. Devgn was highly praised for his performance. Rediff said: "Ajay's role reminds you of one he did in another film, "Pyar Tho Hona Hi Tha". There he is searching for the boyfriend of the girl he secretly loves. But intense scenes are his forte and he does well here. He's particularly good in the scene where he gets exasperated with his wife's stubbornness and strives to keep his cool." The movie was successful and Devgan was nominated for the Filmfare best actor award. After

title: Action Jackson (2014 film)


question: what was the ancient chinese umbrella used for

answers: a defense against rain

title: Umbrella

text: composed of 28 arcs, which are equivalent to the ribs of the modern instrument, and the staff supporting the covering to consist of two parts, the upper being a rod 3/18 of a Chinese foot in circumference, and the lower a tube 6/10 in circumference, into which the upper half is capable of sliding and closing. The Chinese character for umbrella is 傘 ("sǎn") and is a pictograph resembling the modern umbrella in design. Some investigators have supposed that its invention was first created by tying large leaves to bough-like ribs (the branching out parts of an umbrella). Others assert

title: Umbrella

text: and the Western world via the Silk Road. The Chinese and Japanese traditional parasol, often used near temples, remains similar to the original ancient Chinese design. A late Song dynasty Chinese divination book that was printed in about 1270 AD features a picture of a collapsible umbrella that is exactly like the modern umbrella of today's China. In the sculptures at Nineveh, the parasol appears frequently. Austen Henry Layard gives a picture of a bas-relief representing a king in his chariot, with an attendant holding a parasol over his head. It has a curtain hanging down behind, but is otherwise

title: Umbrella

text: a collapsible umbrella dates to the year 21 AD, when Wang Mang (r. 9–23) had one designed for a ceremonial four-wheeled carriage. The 2nd-century commentator Fu Qian added that this collapsible umbrella of Wang Mang's carriage had bendable joints which enabled them to be extended or retracted. A 1st century collapsible umbrella has since been recovered from the tomb of Wang Guang at Lelang Commandery in the Korean Peninsula, illustrated in a work by Harada and Komai. However, the Chinese collapsible umbrella is perhaps a concept that is yet centuries older than Wang's tomb. Zhou Dynasty bronze castings of complex

title: Umbrella

text: bronze socketed hinges with locking slides and bolts—which could have been used for parasols and umbrellas—were found in an archeological site of Luoyang, dated to the 6th century BC. An even older source on the umbrella is perhaps the ancient book of Chinese ceremonies, called "Zhou Li" ("The Rites of Zhou"), dating 2,400 years ago, which directs that the dais should be placed upon the imperial cars. The figure of this dais contained in "Zhou-Li", and the description of it given in the explanatory commentary of Lin-hi-ye, both identify it with an umbrella. The latter describes the dais to be

title: Umbrella

text: umbrella with a handle that slopes backwards, so as to bring the umbrella over the head of the person in front. It probably could not be closed, but otherwise it looks like an ordinary umbrella, and the ribs are represented distinctly. The use of the parasol and umbrella in France and England was adopted, probably from China, about the middle of the seventeenth century. At that period, pictorial representations of it are frequently found, some of which exhibit the peculiar broad and deep canopy belonging to the large parasol of the Chinese Government officials, borne by native attendants. John Evelyn,

title: Raincoat

text: unit millimeters, water gauge. Raincoats go back into antiquity in ancient China. The earliest forms of Chinese constraints were made of straw and bamboo. In Mandarin Chinese, the characters for "Suo-yi" (簑衣) mean "straw raincoat". The coat was worn by farmers, fishermen and manual laborers as a protection from the sunlight, mud and rain while toiling in the dirt. Straw rain capes were described in numerous poems and articles across various Chinese dynasties. By the medieval Tang and Song Dynasties, the Chinese used sedge for making rain capes as it was chosen for its smooth surface and hollow structure to

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: Oil-paper umbrella An oil-paper umbrella (, , ) is a type of paper umbrella that originated in China. It subsequently spread across several East, South and Southeast Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Laos, where it has been further developed with different characteristics. Other than the purpose of providing shade, oil-paper umbrellas are also traditional wedding items. In traditional Chinese and Japanese weddings, the matron of honor would cover the bride with an oil-paper umbrella upon arrival to ward off evil spirits. Purple umbrellas are a symbol of longevity for elders, while

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: umbrellas have existed in Sichuan for as long as four hundred years. Herem, the umbrellas are exquisite with fine paintings, abundant colors and beautiful outlooks, the umbrellas are also famous for their ability to shield strong winds. In 1993 May, six experienced artisans have spent four months to produce a famous "Erlongxizhu" umbrella (), which was exported to countries such as England, Malaysia and Singapore. The "Erlongxizhu" was made out of 88 pinaceae and 52 bamboo sticks with 1800 skin paper and 100 kilograms of oil pigment. Producing the "Erlongxizhu" required over 70 procedures and it was regarded as the

title: Umbrella

text: either a wooden or plastic cylinder or a bent "crook" handle (like the handle of a cane). Umbrellas are available in a range of price and quality points, ranging from inexpensive, modest quality models sold at discount stores to expensive, finely made, designer-labeled models. Larger parasols capable of blocking the sun for several people are often used as fixed or semi-fixed devices, used with patio tables or other outdoor furniture, or as points of shade on a sunny beach. The collapsible/folding umbrella, the direct predecessor to the modern umbrella, originated in China. These Chinese umbrellas were internally supported with bendable,

title: Umbrella

title: Umbrella

text: umbrella". Umbrellas have also been fashioned into hats as early as 1880 and at least as recently as 1987. Golf umbrellas, one of the largest sizes in common use, are typically around across, but can range anywhere from . Umbrellas are now a consumer product with a large global market. As of 2008, most umbrellas worldwide are made in China, mostly in the Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. The city of Shangyu alone had more than a thousand umbrella factories. In the US alone, about 33 million umbrellas, worth $348 million, are sold each year. Umbrellas continue to be actively

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: the connotation of a beautiful marriage. In 1970, the Sheng Tai oil-paper umbrella has become extinct, and this art was officially extinct. Suhengtai () oil-paper umbrella uses to class material, the scaffold is made from a special type of bamboo and the umbrella handle from a special type of wood from Hunan. Tung oil, skin paper, and persimmon oil are all strictly picked. A Suhengtai oil-paper umbrella could last for about eight to twelve years. Oil-paper umbrella have been produced in both Fuzhou and Nanping of Fujian. The oil-paper umbrella is one of the three treasures in Fuzhou (). The

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: descendants. It was said that during the Ching dynasty when the Kangxi Emperor was on the throne, one day the Kangxi Emperor secretly traveled to Wuyuan and it was raining. Kangxi Emperor saw a kid who threw a stone at the umbrella, however, the stone bounced back off from the umbrella without damaging it. Kangxi Emperor was surprised by the quality and strength of the oil-paper umbrella and gave it a positive name called the "Jialu paper umbrella Jia Tianxia" (). Since then they have been commonly called "Jialu umbrellas" (). Jialu umbrellas were awarded the first place during an

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: installing the handle, brushing tung oil, adding clothes, stitching again. It averages out about two umbrella a day. In traditional Hakka marriages, the bride's parents must pay dowry to the husband's family, in which oil-paper umbrella is one of the required dowries. "" (Paper) is a homonym for "" (sons) in Chinese, for the connotation of having sons early. The character "" (umbrella), contains five "" (man) with the connotation of lots of sons and grandsons. Oil-paper umbrella is straight up, with the symbol to eradicate evil spirits. The circular appearance symbolizes "fullness" connotation of a beautiful marriage. And since

title: Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella

text: Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella The Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella (: "Nopphapadon Mahasawettachat", officially called the Nine-Tiered Great White Umbrella of State) is considered the most sacred and ancient of the royal regalia of Thailand. A royal umbrella (also called a "chatra") consists of many tiers, five for the crown prince (or the viceroy), seven for an unconsecrated king, and nine for a fully sovereign Thai king. Until the coronation rites are completed the new king will not be able to sit on the throne under the nine-tiered umbrella. The umbrella's shades are made of white silk trimmed with gold, attached to a

title: Hti

text: and out with pictures of sylphs and fairies in gold, thin gold plates shaped like banyan leaves fastened to the top, and handles of gold adorned with pearls, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, corals and with spangles. The umbrella used by the king when riding an elephant or travelling by carriage was called a "yin hti". The number of umbrellas in one's possession was also an indication of social status, as they were showcased during public processions and put up in prominent places at home. The king was allotted 9 white umbrellas, the Crown Prince 8 golden ones, distinguished statesmen and military

title: Umbrella

text: in 1687 and 1688, wrote an account entitled a "New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam", which was translated in 1693 into English. According to his account, the use of the umbrella was granted to only some of the subjects by the king. An umbrella with several circles, as if two or three umbrellas were fastened on the same stick, was permitted to the king alone; the nobles carried a single umbrella with painted cloths hanging from it. The Talapoins (who seem to have been a sort of Siamese monks) had umbrellas made of a palm-leaf cut and folded,

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: the shop during the Qing dynasty. In 1900, Liang Jingting (), who worked in an umbrella shop in Changsha opened his own umbrella shop called the "Lianghongfa San" (). It produces the old type of oil, black ink umbrella. The beautiful name "Xiangtan Muji Jing Gang You San" () is attributed to its fine features and endurance. In 1921, the Pan Kuiqing () brothers started a factory called "Feifei San" () that mass-produces umbrella skin paper. The umbrella skin it produced included traditional flowered ones and many other pictures, these umbrellas were exported to Hong Kong, Macau and South East

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: the Qianlong Emperor (1769), by Dong Wenyuan (), who owned an umbrella shop. Oil-paper umbrellas in Yuhang are made with high mechanical skills and top materials, which provide their endurance. Prolonged exposure to sunlight and rain does no damage, thus their popularity among common people. Lots of travelers who passed through Yuan would buy umbrellas from Dong Wenyuan's umbrella shop as souvenirs for friends and relatives. Oil-paper umbrellas in Yuhang are available in a variety of different types and purposes, including those used for fishing or as collectibles. In 1951, Zhejiang province has chosen Yuhang as the focused point of

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: fur, closed to become a cane, opened as a cone." But early umbrella materials were mostly feathers or silks, later replaced by paper. When oil-paper umbrellas first appeared is unknown. Some estimate that they spread across to Korea and Japan during the Tang dynasty. It was commonly called the "green oil-paper umbrella" during the Song dynasty. The popularity grew and the oil-paper umbrella became commonplace during the Ming dynasty. They are often mentioned in popular Chinese literature. By the 19th century, oil-paper umbrellas were a common item in international trade under the name kittisols. The production process and required procedures

title: Umbrella

text: in his "Diary" for 22 June 1664, mentions a collection of rarities shown to him by "Thompson", a Roman Catholic priest, sent by the Jesuits of Japan and China to France. Among the curiosities were "fans like those our ladies use, but much larger, and with long handles, strangely carved and filled with Chinese characters", which is evidently a description of the parasol. In Thomas Coryat's "Crudities", published in 1611, about a century and a half prior to the general introduction of the umbrella into England, is a reference to a custom of riders in Italy using umbrellas: And many

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: eight million RMB, thirty villagers and 1,800 workers. Jialu umbrellas are made from high-quality bamboo, skin paper, and tung oil. The main procedures are slicing the umbrella scaffold, cutting the umbrella portion, installing the umbrella sticks, boiling the umbrella stick, adding the skin paper, painting on the skin paper, editing the umbrella skin, brushing on tung oil, stitching the umbrella with decorations, installing the handle and the head. Altogether about thirty procedures. Oil-paper umbrellas in Changsha, Hunan province date back to about 100 years, the earliest oil-paper umbrella shop is , Which is named after Tao Jiqiao (), who established

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: white umbrellas are used in funerals. Oil-paper umbrellas are also used as props in Japanese traditional dances and tea ceremonies. In the early Hakka society, two umbrellas were usually given as dowry, due to the "paper" (纸) and "child" (子) homonym in the language (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́), symbolizing a blessing for the woman to "give birth to a son soon", a propitiatory compliment to the newlyweds at the time. Also, as the character "umbrella" contains "four people", gifting the umbrellas represents a blessing for the couple to have many sons and grandsons. In addition, because of the "oil" and "have" homonym,

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: portable umbrellas since then. The umbrellas produced in Nanping is currently exported to Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, South East Asia, Europe, and America. Fuzhou oil-paper umbrella materials are chosen strictly with high quality. The scaffold must be made from bamboos of the Northern Fujian province with good elasticity and endurance, and the bamboos must be at least five years old. A single umbrella must go through 83 procedures. Traditional Fuzhou oil-paper umbrella art is divided into five sub-portions including umbrella scaffold, umbrella installment, umbrella head, handle and painting. The mainstream art is the umbrella installment. There are also a few

title: Umbrella

text: so that the stem formed a handle. The Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella is one of the royal regalia of Thailand. The At district of Tenochtitlan was reported to have used an umbrella made from feathers and gold as its "pantli", an identifying marker that is the equivalent of a modern flag. The "pantli" was carried by the army general. The extreme paucity of allusions to umbrellas throughout the Middle Ages shows that they were not in common use. In an old romance, "The Blonde of Oxford", a jester makes fun of a nobleman for being out in the rain without his

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: and scaffold are made from bamboo of Kameoka, Kyoto; the umbrella skin is made from Meinong paper of Gifu. The surface of the umbrella skin is brushed with sesame oil and tied with fine strings. An experienced artisan usually produces ten to twenty kyowagasa a month. One umbrella style has concentric circles on the exterior side of the umbrella skin called the , which literally means "eye of a snake". Oil-paper umbrella production in Gifu started around 1750. Every oil-paper umbrella made in Gifu goes through over a hundred procedures. During the Shōwa period, the production in Gifu reached its

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: other two are namely the (Lacquerware) and the (combs made of cattle horn). Umbrellas play a large part in Fuzhou residents' daily lives, local people call it , which literally means everyone's backpack has an umbrella in it. Oil-paper umbrella in Nanping is famous with two other brands altogether known as the "three mouth" (), the other two mouths are and . The production initiated in the 20th century. The highest production recorded was fifty thousand annually. The traditional oil-paper umbrella was gradually replaced by the collapsible umbrella in the 1970 decade. The local artisans switched to producing small and

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: scaffold, umbrella production, umbrella head, umbrella handle and art painting. With any one of the above been done, the umbrella could be called as a "full art" (). Oil-paper umbrella production in Meinong initiation has two rumors. In 1970, an English journal used the Goung () oil-paper umbrella pioneer, Lin () and his umbrella as the magazine cover, along with a detailed article on the culture and production of oil-paper umbrella. BBC have also included a series of recording of the oil-paper umbrella called the "Long Search". In addition, 1983, famous Hakka movie producer, Lin Fu-De (), have incorporated the

title: Oil-paper umbrella

text: finely tuned, abundant with colors and beautiful outlook. They were once sold in other provinces of China. However, there has been a gradual decrease in production during the 1950s. The oil-paper umbrella production now is only to pass on the skills to prevent the extinction of this handcraft locally. The oil-paper umbrella uses special bamboos and wood translocated from and as umbrella handle and scaffold. The umbrella surface uses skin bought from . Brushed with tung oil, named the green cloth (). Procedures including slicing bamboo scaffold, stitching, surface skin, brushing persimmon water, collapsing the scaffold, drying the umbrella, painting,

title: Umbrella

text: are now termed chaise umbrellas. According to Wilkinson's account, the umbrella was generally used throughout Egypt, partly as a mark of distinction, but more on account of its useful than its ornamental qualities. In some paintings on a temple wall, a parasol is held over the figure of a god carried in procession. In Greece, the parasol ("skiadeion"), was an indispensable adjunct to a lady of fashion in the late 5th century BC. Aristophanes mentions it among the common articles of female use; they could apparently open and close. Pausanias describes a tomb near Triteia in Achaia decorated with a

title: Umbrella

long_answer: The Chinese character for umbrella is 傘 (sǎn) and is a pictograph resembling the modern umbrella in design. Some investigators have supposed that its invention was first created by tying large leaves to bough-like ribs (the branching out parts of an umbrella). Others assert that the idea was probably derived from the tent, which remains in an unaltered form to the present day. However, the tradition existing in China is that it originated in standards and banners waving in the air, hence the use of the umbrella was often linked to high-ranking (though not necessarily royalty) in China. On at least one occasion, twenty-four umbrellas were carried before the Emperor when he went out hunting. The umbrella served in this case as a defense against rain rather than sun. The Chinese design was later brought to Japan via Korea and also introduced to Persia and the Western world via the Silk Road. The Chinese and Japanese traditional parasol, often used near temples, remains similar to the original ancient Chinese design.


question: when was the statue of liberty in france built

answers: Paris

title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: in Jerusalem called "New York Square," there is an abstract skeletal replica of the statue. The French Statue of Liberty from the Île aux Cygnes came to Odaiba, Tokyo, from April 1998 to May 1999 in commemoration of "The French year in Japan". Because of its popularity, in 2000 a replica of the French Statue of Liberty was erected at the same place. Also in Japan, a small Statue of Liberty is in the Amerika-mura ("American Village") shopping district in Osaka, Japan. Another replica is in Oirase near the town of Shimoda south of Misawa in Aomori Prefecture, where the

title: Statue of Liberty

text: of the Franco-American Union as its fundraising arm. With the announcement, the statue was given a name, "Liberty Enlightening the World". The French would finance the statue; Americans would be expected to pay for the pedestal. The announcement provoked a generally favorable reaction in France, though many Frenchmen resented the United States for not coming to their aid during the war with Prussia. French monarchists opposed the statue, if for no other reason than it was proposed by the liberal Laboulaye, who had recently been elected a senator for life. Laboulaye arranged events designed to appeal to the rich and

title: Statue of Liberty

text: Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The Statue of Liberty is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand

title: Frederick William MacMonnies

text: of the Marne, as a gift to the French people in exchange for the Statue of Liberty. Called, in French, "La Liberté éplorée" ("The Tearful Liberty") the statue, located in Meaux, France, is over seven stories tall, at . While work started on the statue in 1924, it was not finished until 1932. At the time of its dedication, it was the world's largest stone monument. In 2011, the opened next to the monument. The World War I Memorial, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, houses a bronze version of the statue. Selected to sculpt the fourth issue of the long

title: Statue of Liberty

text: U.S. peoples. Because of the post-war instability in France, work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s. In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the U.S. provide the site and build the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions. The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, and in Madison Square Park in Manhattan from 1876 to 1882. Fundraising proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on

title: Statue of Liberty

text: the Eiffel factory in the nearby Parisian suburb of Levallois-Perret. The change in structural material from masonry to iron allowed Bartholdi to change his plans for the statue's assembly. He had originally expected to assemble the skin on-site as the masonry pier was built; instead he decided to build the statue in France and have it disassembled and transported to the United States for reassembly in place on Bedloe's Island. In a symbolic act, the first rivet placed into the skin, fixing a copper plate onto the statue's big toe, was driven by United States Ambassador to France Levi P.

title: Liberty Island

text: was a gift from the people of France to mark the American Centennial. It was agreed that the Congress would authorize the acceptance of the statue by the President of the United States, and that the War Department would facilitate its construction and presentation. The construction of the statue was completed in France in July 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, 1884, and after some funding delays, construction of the pedestal was finished on April 22, 1886. The statue arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885, on board the French frigate "Isère", was stored for eleven

title: Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi

text: York Harbor . It was rumored in France that the face of the Statue of Liberty was modeled after Bartholdi's mother. The statue is 151 feet and 1 inch high, and the top of the torch is at an elevation of 305 feet 1 inch from mean low-water mark. It was the largest work of its kind that had ever been completed up to that time. Bartholdi's hometown Colmar (modern political administrative region of Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine) has a number of statues and monuments by the sculptor, as well as a museum founded in 1922 in the house in which he was

title: Statue of Liberty

text: then struck with wooden hammers. An advantage of this choice was that the entire statue would be light for its volume, as the copper need be only thick. Bartholdi had decided on a height of just over for the statue, double that of Italy's Sancarlone and the German statue of Arminius, both made with the same method. By 1875, France was enjoying improved political stability and a recovering postwar economy. Growing interest in the upcoming Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia led Laboulaye to decide it was time to seek public support. In September 1875, he announced the project and the formation

title: Statue of Liberty

text: On his return to Paris in 1877, Bartholdi concentrated on completing the head, which was exhibited at the 1878 Paris World's Fair.  Fundraising continued, with models of the statue put on sale. Tickets to view the construction activity at the Gaget, Gauthier & Co. workshop were also offered. The French government authorized a lottery; among the prizes were valuable silver plate and a terracotta model of the statue. By the end of 1879, about 250,000 francs had been raised.

title: Statue of Liberty

text: the Union's victory in the Civil War in 1865, Laboulaye's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States. In order to honor these achievements, Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France. Laboulaye hoped that by calling attention to the recent achievements of the United States, the French people would be inspired to call for their own democracy in the face of a repressive monarchy." According to sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who later recounted the story, Laboulaye's comment was not intended as a proposal, but it inspired

title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: replica in the northwest of France, in the small town of Barentin near Rouen. It was made for a French movie, "Le Cerveau" ("The Brain"), directed by Gérard Oury and featuring actors Jean-Paul Belmondo and Bourvil. Another replica is a statue in the city of Bordeaux. The first Bordeaux statue was seized and melted down by the Nazis in World War II. The statue was replaced in 2000 and a plaque was added to commemorate the victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks. On the night of March 25, 2003, unknown vandals poured red paint and gasoline on the replica

title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: control of French Indochina during World War II, the statue was toppled on August 1, 1945, after being deemed a vestige of the colonial government along with other statues erected by the French. A 30-foot replica can also be seen at the Westfield Marion shopping complex in Adelaide, South Australia. Replicas of the Statue of Liberty Hundreds of replicas of the Statue of Liberty ("Liberty Enlightening the World") have been created worldwide. On the occasion of the Exposition Universelle of 1900, Frédéric Bartholdi crafted a smaller version of "Liberty Enlightening the World", which he subsequently gave to the Musée du

title: Statue of Liberty

text: of War; since 1933 it has been maintained by the National Park Service. Public access to the balcony around the torch has been barred for safety since 1916. According to the National Park Service, the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye, president of the French Anti-Slavery Society and a prominent and important political thinker of his time. The project is traced to a mid-1865 conversation between de Laboulaye, a staunch abolitionist, and Frédéric Bartholdi, a sculptor. In after-dinner conversation at his home near Versailles, Laboulaye, an ardent supporter of the Union in

title: Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi

text: 1871, not finishing the massive sandstone statue until 1880. In 1871, he made his first trip to the United States, where he pitched the idea of a massive statue gifted from the French to the Americans in honor of the centennial of American independence. The idea, which had first been broached to him in 1865 by his friend Édouard René de Laboulaye, resulted in the Statue of Liberty in New York harbor. After years of work and fundraising, the statue was inaugurated in 1886. During this period, Bartholdi also sculpted a number of monuments for American cities, such as a

title: Statue of Liberty

text: But he remained concerned that popular opinion on both sides of the Atlantic was insufficiently supportive of the proposal, and he and Laboulaye decided to wait before mounting a public campaign. Bartholdi had made a first model of his concept in 1870. The son of a friend of Bartholdi's, U.S. artist John LaFarge, later maintained that Bartholdi made the first sketches for the statue during his U.S. visit at La Farge's Rhode Island studio. Bartholdi continued to develop the concept following his return to France. He also worked on a number of sculptures designed to bolster French patriotism after the

title: Statue of Liberty

text: an outsized fountain designed by Bartholdi. Nevertheless, the arm proved popular in the exhibition's waning days, and visitors would climb up to the balcony of the torch to view the fairgrounds. After the exhibition closed, the arm was transported to New York, where it remained on display in Madison Square Park for several years before it was returned to France to join the rest of the statue. During his second trip to the United States, Bartholdi addressed a number of groups about the project, and urged the formation of American committees of the Franco-American Union. Committees to raise money to

title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: Statue of Liberty replicas in can be found in Pangasinan and as far as Camp John Hay amphitheater in Baguio City. There are at least two Statue of Liberty replicas (greater than 30 feet in height) in Taiwan. These two statues are in the cities of Keelung and Taipei. From 1887 to 1945, Hanoi was home to another copy of the statue. Measuring tall, it was erected by the French colonial government after being sent from France for an exhibition. It was known to locals unaware of its history as "" ("Statue of the madame saux"). When the French lost

title: Statue of Liberty

text: Morton. The skin was not, however, crafted in exact sequence from low to high; work proceeded on a number of segments simultaneously in a manner often confusing to visitors. Some work was performed by contractors—one of the fingers was made to Bartholdi's exacting specifications by a coppersmith in the southern French town of Montauban. By 1882, the statue was complete up to the waist, an event Barthodi celebrated by inviting reporters to lunch on a platform built within the statue. Laboulaye died in 1883. He was succeeded as chairman of the French committee by Ferdinand de Lesseps, builder of the

title: Statue of Liberty

text: the American Civil War, is supposed to have said: "If a monument should rise in the United States, as a memorial to their independence, I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort—a common work of both our nations." The National Park Service, in a 2000 report, however, deemed this a legend traced to an 1885 fundraising pamphlet, and that the statue was most likely conceived in 1870. In another essay on their website, the Park Service suggested that Laboulaye was minded to honor the Union victory and its consequences, "With the abolition of slavery and

title: Statue of Liberty

text: carries a "tabula ansata" inscribed in Roman numerals with "JULY IV MDCCLXXVI" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, a national park tourism destination, and is a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad. Bartholdi was inspired by a French law professor and politician, Édouard René de Laboulaye, who is said to have commented in 1865 that any monument raised to U.S. independence would properly be a joint project of the French and

title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: a unique "sitting" Statue of Liberty in the Ukrainian city of Lviv. It is a sculpture on a dome of the house (15, Freedom Avenue) built by architect Yuriy Zakharevych and decorated by sculptor Leandro Marconi in 1874–91. A , 9,200 kg (9.2 tons) replica stood atop the Liberty Shoe factory in Leicester, England, until 2002 when the building was demolished. The statue was put into storage while the building was replaced. The statue, which dates back to the 1920s, was initially going to be put back on the replacement building, but was too heavy, so in December 2008 following

title: Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty

text: (such as numbered ticketing systems, etc.). Earlier in 1982, the French American Committee began looking for U.S. consultants to complement the technical work already begun by the four French consultants. They would need to prepare a detailed diagnostic report to investigate the conditions of the Statue in further detail, as many of the French consultants were unfamiliar with the construction procedures and standards, and the design and business practices employed in the United States. The inclusion of American participation was of obvious and pragmatic necessity to the restoration work that lay ahead. Several architects, structural engineers, and representatives from the

title: Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi

text: Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (; 2 August 1834 – 4 October 1904) was a French sculptor who is best known for designing "Liberty Enlightening the World", commonly known as the Statue of Liberty. Bartholdi was born in Colmar, France, 2 August 1834. He was born to a family of German Protestant (Alsatian) and Italian heritage, with his family name Romanticized from Barthold. Jean Charles Bartholdi (1791–1836) and Augusta Charlotte Bartholdi ( Beysser; 1801–1891), Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi was the youngest of their four children, and one of only two to survive infancy, along with the oldest brother, Jean-Charles, who

title: Statue of Liberty

text: Freedom" (1863) atop the dome of the United States Capitol Building. Artists of the 18th and 19th centuries striving to evoke republican ideals commonly used representations of Libertas as an allegorical symbol. A figure of Liberty was also depicted on the Great Seal of France. However, Bartholdi and Laboulaye avoided an image of revolutionary liberty such as that depicted in Eugène Delacroix's famed "Liberty Leading the People" (1830). In this painting, which commemorates France's July Revolution, a half-clothed Liberty leads an armed mob over the bodies of the fallen. Laboulaye had no sympathy for revolution, and so Bartholdi's figure would

title: How Few Remain

text: and Lorraine. In this timeline's New York City, there is no Statue of Liberty on Bedloe's Island, nor does the name get changed to Liberty Island – as relations between the United States and France are poor, due to France's support for the Confederacy, and there is no question of the French donating such a statue to the Americans. Instead, the island is taken up by a similar but more grim German-influenced statue known as the Statue of Remembrance holding the "Sword of Vengeance". Whenever either Germany gave the statue to the United States or the USA built it itself

title: Paris under Louis-Philippe

text: III and Baron Haussmann. One of the great architectural projects of the reign of Louis-Philippe was the remaking of the Place de la Concorde. An equestrian statue of King Louis XV had originally been the centerpiece of the Place; during the Revolution the statue was pulled down and replaced by a statue of the Goddess of Liberty and the place was the site of the execution of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Louis Philippe wanted to erase all the revolutionary associations of site. He selected Jacques Ignace Hittorff to design a new master plan, which was carried out in

title: Replicas of the Statue of Liberty

text: and set it on fire. The vandals also cracked the pedestal of the plaque. The mayor of Bordeaux, former prime minister Alain Juppé, condemned the attack. A replica of the Statue of Liberty in Colmar, the city of Bartholdi's birth, was dedicated on July 4, 2004, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his death. It stands at the north entrance of the city. The Bartholdi Museum in Colmar contains numerous models of various sizes made by Bartholdi during the process of designing the statue. Frédéric Bartholdi donated a copy of the Statue of Liberty to the town square of Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer.

title: Miss Liberty

text: of the French beauty. During World War II, Robert Sherwood was deeply moved when he saw what the Statue of Liberty meant to American GIs who were being shipped overseas, and he wanted to write a story about this symbol of freedom. While crossing the Atlantic on the "Queen Mary" with 15,000 recruits, the playwright had been "deeply moved" and "greatly impressed by the emotion that sight of the statue generated among these soldiers." Upon meeting Irving Berlin in England, he invited him to compose the score, and Berlin suggested Moss Hart become part of the creative team as a

title: Île aux Cygnes

text: of the island. Since 2012, there has been a public workout space with bicycles and a climbing wall underneath the Pont de Grenelle, close to a Statue of Liberty replica. The island is crossed by three bridges: the Pont de Grenelle, the Pont Rouelle and the Pont de Bir-Hakeim. It is served by the Passy and Bir-Hakeim Métro stations. A notable feature is a quarter-scale replica of "Liberty Enlightening the World", commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, 22 metres tall and facing west in the direction of its larger sibling in New York City. Inaugurated by President Marie François

title: Statue of Liberty


question: how many times have the winter olympics been in the usa since 1924

answers: 1960

answers: 2002

answers: four

answers: four times

answers: 1932

answers: 1980

title: Winter Olympic Games

text: to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics will be selected on June 23rd, 2019. , no city in the southern hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer. To date, twelve countries have participated in every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. Six of those countries have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States. The

title: 1924 Winter Olympics

text: 1924 Winter Olympics The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games (), were a winter multi-sport event which was held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Originally held in association with the 1924 Summer Olympics, the sports competitions were held at the foot of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, and Haute-Savoie, France between January 25 and February 5, 1924. The Games were organized by the French Olympic Committee, and were in retrospect designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the I Olympic Winter Games. The tradition of holding the Winter Olympics in the same year as the

title: Winter Olympic Games

text: separate winter event and the 1924 Games in Chamonix was retroactively designated as the first Winter Olympics. St. Moritz, Switzerland, was appointed by the IOC to host the second Winter Games in 1928. Fluctuating weather conditions challenged the hosts. The opening ceremony was held in a blizzard while warm weather conditions plagued sporting events throughout the rest of the Games. Because of the weather the 10,000 metre speed-skating event had to be abandoned and officially cancelled. The weather was not the only noteworthy aspect of the 1928 Games: Sonja Henie of Norway made history when she won the figure skating

title: 1924 Winter Olympics

text: For the first time in the history of the modern Olympics, the host country, in this case, France, failed to win any gold medals, finishing with three bronze medals. This feat would later occur at the next Winter Olympics in St. Moritz where Switzerland won only a single bronze medal, the lowest ever output by a host nation at an Olympics. Later host nations to finish without gold medals included Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and Yugoslavia at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo. In 1925, the IOC decided to organize

title: United States at the 2002 Winter Olympics

text:
a host country has won at a Winter Olympics, with 10. However, Canada broke it during the 2010 Winter Olympics. The Olympics were held only months after September 11, 2001. During the opening ceremonies, Jacques Rogge, presiding over his first Olympics as IOC president, told the American athletes that the world was gathered in their country and that their country was overcoming the "horrific tragedy" of that day and stands united with them in promoting the IOC's ideals. "Superior CC, Superior"
 Skip: Tim Somerville
 Third: Mike Schneeberger
 Second: Myles Brundidge
 Lead: John Gordon
 Alternate: Donald Barcombe,

title: 1924 Winter Olympics

text: in the Olympic Winter Games was won by Charles Jewtraw of the United States in the 500-meter speed skate. Sonja Henie, at just eleven years old, skates in the ladies' figure skating competition. Although she finishes last, she becomes popular with fans. Henie went on to take gold at the next three Winter Olympics. The figure skater Gillis Grafström was the first one to successfully defend his Summer Olympics title at the Winter Olympics. The Canadian ice hockey team (Toronto Granites) finished their qualifying round with three wins, scoring a total of 85 goals against Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden without

title: United States Ski Team

text: Ski Federation; 14 member nations were present at the founding; 108 are FIS members today. 1924 - Jan. 25-Feb. 4 - Inaugural Olympic Winter Games - Chamonix, France The first Winter Olympic Games actually were under the banner of International Sports Week, but were renamed the Winter Olympic Games in 1925 after organizers saw how successful they were (and after Norway, which had opposed "Winter Olympic" events because of concern Norwegians wouldn't dominate, saw it would be a winter power) supported the concept. Ski events were only Nordic, including cross country, ski jumping (then the premier ski event everywhere) and

text: both events. One would expect that athletes competing at the Nordic combined event, would participate in the cross-country skiing event as well, as they would have the opportunity to win more than one medal. This was not always the case due to the maximum number of athletes (here: 4) could represent a country per event. The ski jumping (normal hill) event was held separate from the main medal event of ski jumping, results can be found in the table below. United States at the 1924 Winter Olympics The United States competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France. The

text: United States at the 1924 Winter Olympics The United States competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France. The top two teams (highlighted) advanced to the medal round. Results from the group round (Canada-Sweden and United States-Great Britain) carried forward to the medal round. The cross-country skiing part of this event was combined with the 18 km race of cross-country skiing. Those results can be found above in this article in the cross-country skiing section. Some athletes (but not all) entered in both the cross-country skiing and Nordic combined event, their time on the 18 km was used for

title: Winter Olympic Games

title: 1928 Winter Olympics

text: Games, up from 16 in 1924. Nations making their first appearance at the Winter Olympic Games were Argentina (first participation of a delegation coming from a country belonging to the Southern Hemisphere), Estonia, Germany, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Romania. <noinclude> 1928 Winter Olympics The 1928 Winter Olympics, officially known as the II Olympic Winter Games (; ; ; ), were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated February 11–19, 1928 in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The 1928 Games were the first true "Winter Olympics" held on its own as they were not in conjunction with a "Summer Olympics".

title: United States at the 1932 Winter Olympics

text: be found in the table below. For the only time in Olympic history, the speed skating competition was not run under the rules of the International Skating Union, which specifies that the athletes skate in pairs against the clock but not directly against each other. Instead, the competition was run under the rules of the Amateur Skating Union of the United States, which specified that the races be run in a mass start format with times only recorded for the winner. This provided an advantage for American and Canadian skaters and the United States swept the gold medals. United States

title: 1924 Winter Olympics

text: hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele. <noinclude> Other Olympic Games celebrated in France 1924 Winter Olympics The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games (), were a winter multi-sport event which was held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Originally held in association with the 1924 Summer Olympics, the sports competitions were held at the foot of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, and Haute-Savoie, France between January 25 and February 5, 1924. The Games were organized by the French Olympic Committee, and were in retrospect designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the I Olympic

text: United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics The United States of America competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from February 9 to 25, 2018. The United States had its worst showing at a Winter Olympics since the 1998 Nagano Games, ranking out of the top three in both the gold and total medal count with 9 and 23 medals respectively, and finished fourth in both rankings. However, there were some notable successes for the team. Jessica Diggins and Kikkan Randall won the first Olympic gold medal in cross-country skiing ever for the United States in the

title: 1928 Winter Olympics

text: and not held as a separate Winter Games. These games also replaced the now redundant Nordic Games, that were held quadrennially since early in the century. Fluctuating weather conditions made these Olympics memorable. The opening ceremony was held in a blizzard.[10] In contrast, warm weather conditions plagued the Olympics for the remainder of the Games, requiring cancellations of one event with temperatures as high as 25 °C (77 °F). (See further description at the Wikipedia main article on Winter Olympic Games.) Medals were awarded in 14 events contested in 4 sports (8 disciplines). Athletes from 25 nations competed at these

text: have the opportunity to win more than one medal. This was not always the case due to the maximum number of athletes that could represent a country per event. The ski jumping (normal hill) event was held separate from the main medal event of ski jumping, results can be found in the table below. United States at the 1928 Winter Olympics The United States competed at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The cross-country skiing part of this event was combined with the 18 km race of cross-country skiing. Those results can be found above in this article

title: 1984 Winter Olympics

text: state are the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing and 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing, and the 2022 Winter Olympics which will be held in Beijing. All of these have been in China. The Sarajevo games have also been the only Olympics so far to be hosted by a city with mainly Muslim population. During the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, numerous newspapers drew attention to the Games neglected venues as it was the 30th anniversary of the 1984 Winter Olympics. The host city for the XIV Winter Olympics was announced on 18 May 1978 during an 80th

title: Winter Olympic Games

text: not enough snow to hold all the events until mid-January. Sonja Henie defended her Olympic title, and Eddie Eagan of the United States, who had been an Olympic champion in boxing in 1920, won the gold medal in the men's bobsleigh event to become the first, and so far only, Olympian to have won gold medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The German towns of Garmisch and Partenkirchen joined to organise the 1936 edition of the Winter Games, held on 6–16 February. This was the last time the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same country

text: United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics The United States competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from February 7 to 23, 2014. Team USA consisted of 230 athletes competing in all 15 sports. After winning an Olympic record 37 medals at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the United States had a somewhat disappointing performance during these games. Although the delegation ranked second in overall medals with 28, it ranked out of the top three in gold medals (with a total of nine) for the first time since Nagano in 1998 when it placed 6th in overall

title: 1924 Winter Olympics

text: Summer Olympics would continue until 1992, after which the current practice of holding a Winter Olympics in the second year after each Summer Olympics began. Although Figure Skating had been an Olympic event in both London and Antwerp, and Ice Hockey had been an event in Antwerp, the winter sports had always been limited by the season. In 1921, at the convention of the IOC in Lausanne, there was a call for equality for winter sports, and after much discussion it was decided to organize an "international week of winter sport" in 1924 in Chamonix. The first gold medal awarded

text: United States-Great Britain) carried forward to the medal round. All-round <br> Distances: 500m; 1000m; 5000m & 10,000m. Great Britain at the 1924 Winter Olympics The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France. Based on medal count, this was Great Britain's best ever performance at a Winter Olympic Games until the 2014 games were held in Sochi in Russia. On February 3rd, Great Britain won two medals on one day. This was not to be bettered until the 2018 games when 3 medals were won on one day.

text: each distance and the members of the team were decided following the 2014 U.S. Olympic Long Track Trials from December 27 to January 1. A team of 17 was announced after the trials. This was the first Winter Olympics since 1984 that the American long track speed skating team failed to win an Olympic medal. United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics The United States competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, from February 7 to 23, 2014. Team USA consisted of 230 athletes competing in all 15 sports. After winning an Olympic record 37 medals at the

title: Winter Olympic Games

text: only country to have earned a gold medal at every Winter Olympics is the United States. Norway leads the all-time medal table for the Winter Olympics both on number of gold and overall medals, followed by the United States, Germany, and the former Soviet Union. A predecessor, the Nordic Games, were organised by General Viktor Gustaf Balck in Stockholm, Sweden in 1901 and were held again in 1903 and 1905 and then every fourth year thereafter until 1926. Balck was a charter member of the IOC and a close friend of Olympic Games founder Pierre de Coubertin. He attempted to

title: Virgin Islands at the 2006 Winter Olympics

text: and competed in every Winter Olympics between 1988 and Turin. The United States Virgin Islands have won a medal in Olympic competition only once, by Peter Holmberg in sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics. The 2006 Winter Olympics were held in Turin, Italy from 10–26 February 2006; a total of 2,508 athletes participated, representing 80 National Olympic Committees. The team the USVI sent to Turin consisted of a single luger, Anne Abernathy. She was the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony. In the closing ceremony, she intended to carry her red racing helmet in one

title: Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics

text: All games were 18 ends in length. "Monday 28 January 1924; 10:00 am" "Tuesday 29 January 1924; 10:00 am" "Wednesday 30 January 1924; 10:00 am" Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics The curling event at the 1924 Winter Olympics was contested only by men. It is the first curling event in Olympic history. In February 2006, a few days before the start of the 2006 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee ruled that the curling medals were part of the official Olympic programme in 1924, and not a demonstration event as many authoritative sources had previously claimed (although the IOC

title: 1924 Winter Olympics medal table

text: record at the Winter Olympics until 2014. When it was held, the games were not formally recognised as being the Olympics, but acknowledged that they were held under the "high patronage of the International Olympic Committee". Partly due to this, varying figures are reported for the number of participants. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) website suggests that 258 athletes from 16 nations participated in 16 events across 9 sports. In contrast, the "Sports-Reference" website lists 313 participants from 19 countries. Bill Mallon, a prominent Olympic Games historian, quotes a figure of 291 competitors in his "Historical Dictionary of the Olympic

title: Winter Olympic Games

text: Olympics, France, would host a separate "International Winter Sports Week" under the patronage of the IOC. Chamonix was chosen to host this "week" (actually 11 days) of events. The Games proved to be a success when more than 250 athletes from 16 nations competed in 16 events. Athletes from Finland and Norway won 28 medals, more than the rest of the participating nations combined. Germany remained banned until 1925, and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele, starting with the winter edition of 1922 (which predated the first Winter Olympics). In 1925 the IOC decided to create a

title: Ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics

text: carried forward from the previous round. Ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France, was the 2nd Olympic Championship, also serving as the 2nd World Championships. The competition was held from Monday, January 28, 1924, to Sunday, February 3, 1924. Canada, represented by the Toronto Granites, defended its championship from the 1920 Summer Olympics. The United States and Great Britain took the silver and bronze respectively, while other contenders included Czechoslovakia, France, and Sweden. The Bergvall system used in the 1920 Olympics was discarded in favor of a

title: United States

text: Olympic Games have taken place in the United States (2028 Summer Olympics will mark the ninth time). , the United States has won 2,522 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country, and 305 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most behind Norway. While most major U.S. sports such as baseball and American football have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, and snowboarding are American inventions, some of which have become popular worldwide. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. The most watched individual sports are

title: Jordal Amfi (1951)

text: in St. Moritz to compete for the United States at the 1948 Winter Olympics, nearly caused the International Olympic Committee to terminate the 1952 competition. However, it was reinstated in 1951. The use of artificial ice was at the time not obligatory for Olympic ice competitions. It had only been used once before, at the 1936 Winter Olympics. The city had several incentives for building an artificial rink. In addition to the post-Olympic value of having a quality venue, the committee would not have to designated an out-of-town reserve venue, should there be fair weather during the Olympics. Several locations

title: Winter Olympic Games

long_answer: The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China, to host the 2022 Winter Olympics and the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics will be selected in September 2019. As of 2018, no city in the southern hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer.


question: what level is a city and guilds qualification

answers: entry level to level 7

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: arranging and even door supervision (bouncer). The qualifications available include National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs), most of which are offered at level 2 or 3, although City & Guilds offers NVQs up to Level 7. With 229 NVQs on the Register of Regulated Qualifications (as of November 2016), City & Guilds offers more different NVQs than any other organisation. City & Guilds launched the TechBac in 2014. This is a baccalaureate-style qualification aimed at 16–19-year-old and taking in qualifications in technical skills and workplace skills. It is available at level 2 and level 3, with the level 3 awards attracting UCAS

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: points that can count towards admission to university or college courses. The TechBac can be studied in eleven subjects: City & Guilds offers higher level qualifications in a wide range of subjects ranging from Professional Engineering, Engineering Technology, Management, Building Services Engineering to various levels of apprenticeships, for higher technicians, tradesman, Craft, Travel and Tourism. These qualifications consist of outcomes competencies based units, covering core, specialised, and key technical and management areas, which are assessed by means of examinations and written assignment. Higher Professional Diplomas (HPD) were a suite of awards at level 4 of the RQF for people who

title: City and Guilds English examinations

text: City and Guilds English examinations The City and Guilds examination body issues a number of English examinations for speakers of English as a second or other language (ESOL). The exams use a communicative approach, and can be taken at educational institutions approved by City and Guilds. City and Guilds developed its English examinations after they acquired the Pitman Examinations Institute in 1990. Pitman had a range of language qualifications, and City and Guilds took these over and developed them into their current range of English examinations. The exams that they offer include International ESOL, International Spoken ESOL, International Business English,

title: City and Guilds English examinations

text: English for Office Skills, and English for Young Learners. In 2015, PeopleCert (www.peoplecert.org) acquired the City & Guilds English Language exams and all related intellectual property from City & Guilds. The IESOL & ISESOL exam suites were reintroduced to the market in 2016 as LanguageCert International ESOL examinations. City and Guilds English examinations The City and Guilds examination body issues a number of English examinations for speakers of English as a second or other language (ESOL). The exams use a communicative approach, and can be taken at educational institutions approved by City and Guilds. City and Guilds developed its English

title: Beasts and Bumpkins

text: each guild building can train; the footmans guild can train a maximum of 6 footmen, before they can train more the player must build another footmans guild to increase this maximum limit to 12. Depending on the level, you will start you with a set of villagers and a few starter buildings. The player must build structures to advance their village, including farms, guilds and houses so that they may train special units and grow their economy and population. Deploying the villagers to perform various tasks, such as collecting water, farming and constructing the players buildings help further with building

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: diploma level) of the Regulated Qualifications Framework, corresponding to the Licentiateship (LCGI), Affiliateship (AfCGI), Graduateship (GCGI) and Membership (MCGI) of the Institute. According to City and Guilds, the characteristics of someone gaining a Professional Recognition Award are: Licentiateship (LCGI): "A level 4 Professional Recognition Award (Licentiateship) candidate would typically: Affiliateship (AfCGI): "A level 5 Professional Recognition Award (Affiliateship) candidate would typically: Graduateship (GCGI): "A level 6 Professional Recognition Award (Graduateship) candidate would typically: Membership (MCGI): "A level 7 Professional Recognition Award (Membership) candidate would typically: City & Guilds offers graduate (level 6) and postgraduate (level 7) diplomas in engineering. These

title: National Vocational Qualification

text: the highest category NVQs of level 4. Membership (MCGI) is placed on NQF level 7, and Fellowship (FCGI) on level 8, compared by OFQUAL to NVQs of level 5. City & Guilds itself ties each NVQ to the level on the NQF with the same number. Both Graduateship (GCGI) and Associateship (ACGI) have been awarded, before the year 2004, at level 5 of NVQ. The NVQ Framework classifies the economy into the following areas: National Vocational Qualification National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) were work-based awards in England, Wales and Northern Ireland that are achieved through assessment and training. The regulatory framework

title: SimCity: BuildIt

text: Connection). Golden Keys can be earned by either watching videos or completing cargo ship deliveries. Platinum keys can be earned by completing disaster chalanges. Mayors Club: After you attain a certain qualification level, you can enter a club or make your own club. However, entering a club is easier. You can chat with the other members and also tell your leader to start a war with another club. Trade Depot: In the trade depot, you can put up items for sale, which, if anyone buys, you'll get simoleons for how much you had put it up. If no one in

title: Guild

text: for vocational, managerial and engineering qualifications from entry-level craft and trade skills up to post-doctoral achievement. A separate organisation, the City and Guilds of London Art School has also close ties with the London livery companies and is involved in the training of master craftworkers in stone and wood carving, as well as fine artists. In Germany there are no longer any "Zünfte" (or "Gilden" – the terms used were rather different from town to town), nor any restriction of a craft to a privileged corporation. However, under one other of their old names albeit a less frequent one, "Innungen",

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: City & Guilds is an awarding body offering a large number of accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF), Credit and Qualifications Framework for Wales (CQFW) and Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF). As of November 2016, City & Guilds offers 2312 different regulated qualifications, more than any other awarding body. These cover entry level to level 7 on the RQF, with most qualifications falling in the entry level to level 3 range.

title: Guild

text: many other towns and cities the UK including in Preston, Lancashire, as the Preston Guild Merchant where among other celebrations descendants of burgesses are still admitted into membership. With the City of London livery companies, the UK has over 300 extant guilds and growing. In 1878 the London livery companies established the City and Guilds of London Institute the forerunner of the engineering school (still called City and Guilds College) at Imperial College London. The aim of the City and Guilds of London Institute was the advancement of technical education. "City and Guilds" operates as an examining and accreditation body

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: qualifications, offering a large number of accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF), The Institute's president is HRH The Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father HRH The Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chairman of Council is Sir John Armitt, who took office in November 2012. The City & Guilds Group is the market facing brand for the organisation today and is composed of a number of businesses including City & Guilds, ILM, Kineo, The Oxford Group, Digitalme, and Gen2. A meeting of 16 of

title: Personal trainer

text: City and Guilds. These qualifications are generally delivered by Further Education (FE) establishments like colleges, or by private training providers. Upon successful completion of an accredited awarding body qualification, candidates become eligible for Level 3 REPs(Register of Exercise Professionals)status. University graduates with an appropriate honours degree can also apply to become an approved by REPs through Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL) and Accreditation of Prior Achievement (APA). REPs is the professional body for the UK health and fitness industry, and does not award qualifications directly. Most health and fitness qualifications endorsed by REPs vary in levels from 1 - 5,

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: want to gain advanced technical skills and broader management knowledge. As of February 2017 most have been discontinued and while the "Higher Professional Diploma in Sport and Recreation Management" is still running, it is no longer open to new learners. The Master Professional Diploma (MPD) was a level 7 award suitable for those working at the higher levels in a relevant industry. It is no longer awarded. The City and Guilds Awards for Professional Recognition are accredited awards offered at levels 4 (academic first-year undergraduate or certificate of higher education level) to 7 (academic Master's degree or postgraduate certificate or

title: Beasts and Bumpkins

text: a footman at the footmans guild provides the male with better armor and attack damage for dealing with enemies. Training a priest at a church gives the unit activatable skills such as healing the plague and toggleable skills such as burying the dead. Other guild buildings include the town tall for training tax men, archers guild for training archers, wizards guild to train wizards, knights guild to train knights and the paladins guild to train paladins. To train a paladin, you must have a knight to send to the guild. There is a limit to the number of special units

title: Urban Rivals

text: up (the starting and maximum level is determined by the character, with 1 being the lowest possible, and 5 the highest possible) and become stronger. Characters earn more XP when winning, and when defeating characters with more stars. Many characters also receive an ability to help them in battle when they reach their maximum level, though some receive their ability earlier. A player's level is based on their cumulative number of battle points (BP). When a player reaches Level 5, they can join a Guild. Upon reaching Level 10, they can create their own Guild. Upon reaching Level 15, they

title: EverQuest II

text: interaction is encouraged by integrated voice chat, a built-in mail system, global chat channels, and a global marketplace. A looking-for-group tool is provided for adventurers, and looking-for-work for crafters. "EverQuest II" has strong support for guilds. Each guild has an experience bar and earns guild levels (up to 150). The guild gains experience when its members perform tasks that earn city status. Higher guild levels unlock new items, mounts, houses, guild halls, and other privileges for its members. Guilds get a hosted website and forum, as well as a guild bank with officer controls. Guild recruitment tools are integrated into

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: City and Guilds of London Institute The City and Guilds of London Institute is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies – to develop a national system of technical education, the Institute has been operating under Royal Charter (RC117), granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first President of the Institute. The City and Guilds of London Institute is also a registered charity (no. 312832) and is the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: hospitality and catering – became part of the City & Guilds Group. In January 2010, all active candidates were transferred to City & Guilds courses to remove duplicate award provision across the Group. In 2008, the City & Guilds Centre for Skills Development was formed as part of the City & Guilds Group. Its mission is to influence and improve skills policy and practice worldwide through an evidence-based approach. The charitable aims of the City and Guilds of London Institute are: "Providing internationally recognised qualifications, awards, assessments and support for individuals and organisations in the United Kingdom and overseas across

title: Eden Eternal

text: continent). A guild starts at level 1 and can be leveled with increasing amounts of gold donated by members or earned by the guild through taxes and fame accumulated through player actions such as completing special quests or using buildings in one's own guild's town. These player actions contribute to personal guild fame and to an overall guild fame that is the sum of all members' guild fame. If a player is evicted from or leaves a guild, his or her guild fame is reset to 0 though the overall guild fame remains unchanged. Each guild can build their own

title: City and Guilds of London Institute

text: became an independent charity. The art school focuses on undergraduate and postgraduate study of fine art, stone and wood carving and the conservation of three-dimensional cultural artefacts. The City and Guilds Institute accredits the carving courses and maintains a link with the Art School. Since 2015, the City & Guilds Group has moved back into delivering training as well as offering qualifications. This was originally through its acquisition of the Oxford Group, but has since included the acquisition of Adelaide-based e3Learning, an Australian corporate elearning and compliance provider, and the Cumbrian-based specialist nuclear industry training provider Gen2. Faced with their

title: Apprenticeship

text: for the administration of HNC and HND courses. The City and Guilds of London Institute the forerunner of Imperial College engineering school has been offering vocational education through apprenticeships since the 1870s from basic craft skills (mechanic, hairdresser, chef, plumbing, carpentry, bricklaying, etc.) all the way up to qualifications equivalent to university master's degrees and doctorates. The City and Guilds diploma of fellowship is awarded to individuals who are nationally recognised through peer review as having achieved the very highest level in competency-based achievement. The first award of FCGI was approved by Council in December 1892 and awarded in 1893

title: Embroidery

text: digital embroidery designs. These digitized design are then transferred to the embroidery machine with the help of a flash drive and then the embroidery machine embroiders the selected design onto the fabric. City and Guilds qualification in Embroidery allows embroiderers to become recognized for their skill. This qualification also gives them the credibility to teach. For example, the notable textiles artist, Kathleen Laurel Sage, began her teaching career by getting the City and Guilds Embroidery 1 and 2 qualifications. She has now gone on to write a book on the subject. Embroidery Embroidery is the craft of decorating fabric or

title: Flyff

text: distributed evenly among party members in the same location. At level 10, the party becomes Advanced, at which point experience can be distributed to players based on their amount of damage done. An Advanced Party may have up to 8 players; having this many players in a party increases player experience with each monster killed during training. Guilds allow players to socialize; players within a guild can chat with each other and many in-game activities are guild-based. Guilds have a hierarchical chain of command, consisting of the Master/Leader, Kingpins, Captains, Supporters, and Rookies. The guild master may change the permissions

title: Apprenticeship

text: learners need to be enthusiastic, keen to learn and have a reasonable standard of education; most employers require applicants to have two or more GCSEs (A*-C), including English and Maths. Advanced Apprenticeship (Level 3; equivalent to two A-level passes): to start this programme, learners should have five GCSEs (grade A*-C) or have completed an Intermediate Apprenticeship. This will provide them with the skills and qualifications needed for their career and allow entry (if desired) to a Higher Apprenticeship or degree level qualification. Advanced apprenticeships can last between two and four years. Higher Apprenticeship (Level 4/5; equivalent to a Foundation Degree):

title: Gekkeiju Online

text: gained experience points which can be done at level trainer NPCs. Character will automatically learn skills during the first 10 levels every time after level advancement. However, starting at level 10 the only way to learn skills and spells is to join a guild. It's then possible to train skills in the guild with experience points. This means that starting at level 10 player needs to choose between level and skill advancement. Player Killing in Gekkeiju Online is nearly free and without other than game enforced limitations. The limitations help those who do not like player killing. The maps in

title: Apprenticeship

text: to start this programme, learners should have a Level 3 qualification (A-Levels, Advanced Diploma or International Baccalaureate) or have completed an Advanced Apprenticeship. Higher apprenticeships are designed for students who are aged 18 or over. Degree Apprenticeship (Level 5/6; achieve bachelor's degree) and (Level 7 Masters): to start this programme, learners should have a level 3/4 qualification (A-Levels, Advanced Diploma or International Baccalaureate) relevant to occupation or have completed an Advanced Apprenticeship also relevant to occupation. It differs from a 'Higher Apprenticeship' due to graduating with a bachelor's degree at an accredited university. Degree apprenticeships can last between two and

title: Eden Eternal

text: town starting at level 3, containing up to five unique buildings, which can be upgraded in accordance to guild level. These towns contain a guild vault that grows larger when the guild level increases. At certain levels, statues of players can be constructed in the central part of a guild town with permission of the guild leader and 500 gold from the guild funds. The number of players that can be part of a guild increases with guild level. Territory Wars are large-scale player versus player (PvP) events where guilds compete to take control of different maps by capturing large

title: Higher apprenticeship

text: Higher apprenticeship A Higher Apprenticeship is the vocational equivalent to a Foundation University degree. This programme will deliver a level 4-5 qualification and can only be undertaken if a level 3 equivalent has already been achieved. However, more recently a number of Training Providers that offer higher apprenticeships do not always require these qualifications. Relevant experience could lead to an interview with the training provider before being accepted onto the programme. Higher apprenticeships have been designed for learners 18 years of age or older. Candidates interested in this programme must already have a level 3 qualification such as an advanced

text: by a variety of awarding bodies such as City and Guilds, Edexcel, OCR, NCFE and ABC Awards. They are available at various levels on the RQF, and in a variety of different sizes. A range of vocational qualifications include the competence-based National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) that can be taken at work, college, or as part of an Apprenticeship. They are based on national standards for various occupations, and cover the practical, work-related tasks designed to help learners do a job effectively. NVQs are at levels 1 to 7 on the RQF. Qualification types in the United Kingdom In the UK

title: City and Guilds of London Institute