question: where would the group bacteroids likely be found

answers: the human colon

answers: human colon

title: Bacteroidetes

text: it was until recently the only class in the phylum, the name was changed in the fourth volume of Bergey's "Manual of Systematic Bacteriology". Some members of the genus "Bacteroides" are opportunistic pathogens. Rarely are members of the other two classes pathogenic to humans. This phylum is sometimes grouped with Chlorobi, Fibrobacteres, Gemmatimonadates, Caldithrix, and marine group A to form the FCB group or superphylum. In the alternative classification system proposed by Cavalier-Smith, this taxon is instead a class in the Sphingobacteria phylum. Comparative genomic analysis has led to the identification of 27 proteins which are present in most species

title: Bacteroidetes

text: Bacteroidetes The phylum Bacteroidetes is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals. "Bacteroidetes spp." are part of normal, healthy placental microbiome. By far, the ones in the Bacteroidia class are the most well-studied, including the genus "Bacteroides" (an abundant organism in the feces of warm-blooded animals including humans), and "Porphyromonas", a group of organisms inhabiting the human oral cavity. The class Bacteroidia was formerly called Bacteroidetes; as

title: Bacteroidetes

text: passages Bacteroidetes The phylum Bacteroidetes is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals. "Bacteroidetes spp." are part of normal, healthy placental microbiome. By far, the ones in the Bacteroidia class are the most well-studied, including the genus "Bacteroides" (an abundant organism in the feces of warm-blooded animals including humans), and "Porphyromonas", a group of organisms inhabiting the human oral cavity. The class Bacteroidia was formerly called Bacteroidetes;

title: Altered Schaedler flora

text: it is a distinct species by 16S rRNA evidence. Bacteroides species are often found in GI tracts of mammals, and included non-motile, Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Recently, many of Bacteroides species are being recognized as actually belonging to other genera, like Porphyromonas and Prevotella. In the case of ASF 519, it belongs to the newly named Parabacteroides genus, along with the bacteria formerly known as "[B.] distasonis, [B.] merdae", CDC group DF-3, and "[B.] forsythus". The spiral-shaped obligate anaerobe ASF 457 can be found in small amounts in the small intestine, and in high concentration in the large intestine. This

title: Bacteroidetes

text: of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Of these, one protein is found in all sequenced Bacteroidetes species, while two other proteins are found in all sequenced species with the exception of those from the genus "Bacteroides". The absence of these two proteins in this genus is likely due to selective gene loss. Additionally, four proteins have been identified which are present in all "Bacteroidetes" species except "Cytophaga hutchinsonii"; this is again likely due to selective gene loss. A further eight proteins have been identified which are present in all sequenced Bacteroidetes genomes except "Salinibacter ruber". The absence of these proteins may be

title: Bacteroides

text: Bacteroides Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. "Bacteroides" species are nonendospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, "Bacteroides" membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. "Bacteroides" species are normally mutualistic, making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules to simpler ones in the host intestine. As many as 10–10 cells per gram of human feces have been reported. They can use

title: Bacteroidetes

text: trees, indicating a close relationship. Through the use of comparative genomic analysis, three proteins have been identified which are uniquely shared by virtually all members of the Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi phyla. The sharing of these three proteins is significant because other than them, no proteins from either the Bacteroidetes or Chlorobi phyla are shared by any other groups of bacteria. Several conserved signature indels have also been identified which are uniquely shared by members of the phyla. The presence of these molecular signatures supports their close relationship. Additionally, the phylum Fibrobacteres is indicated to be specifically related to these two

title: Bacteroides

text: appreciable numbers in their stool until after they are weaned, "Bacteroides spp." are part of the normal, healthy placental microbiome. Bacteroides Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. "Bacteroides" species are nonendospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, "Bacteroides" membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. "Bacteroides" species are normally mutualistic, making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules to simpler ones

title: Bacteroidetes

text: phyla. A clade consisting of these three phyla is strongly supported by phylogenetic analyses based upon a number of different proteins These phyla also branch in the same position based upon conserved signature indels in a number of important proteins. Lastly and most importantly, two conserved signature indels (in the RpoC protein and in serine hydroxymethyltransferase) and one signature protein PG00081 have been identified that are uniquely shared by all of the species from these three phyla. All of these results provide compelling evidence that the species from these three phyla shared a common ancestor exclusive of all other bacteria,

title: Bacteroides fragilis

text: Bacteroides fragilis is an obligately anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It is part of the normal flora of the human colon and is generally commensal, but can cause infection if displaced into the bloodstream or surrounding tissue following surgery, disease, or trauma.

title: Gut flora

text: constant over time, even though some alterations may occur with changes in lifestyle, diet and age. The Human Microbiome Project has set out to better describe the microflora of the human gut and other body locations. The four dominant bacterial phyla in the human gut are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Most bacteria belong to the genera "Bacteroides", "Clostridium", "Faecalibacterium", "Eubacterium", "Ruminococcus", "Peptococcus", "Peptostreptococcus", and "Bifidobacterium". Other genera, such as "Escherichia" and "Lactobacillus", are present to a lesser extent. Species from the genus "Bacteroides" alone constitute about 30% of all bacteria in the gut, suggesting that this genus is especially

title: Bacteroides fragilis

text: by other unknown factors. This group was formerly classified as subspecies of "B. fragilis" (i.e. "B. f." ssp. "fragilis", "B. f." ssp. "distasonis", "B. f." ssp. "ovatus", "B. f." ssp. "thetaiotaomicron", and "B. f." ssp. "vulgatus"). They have been reclassified into distinct species on the basis of DNA homology studies. "B. fragilis" (formerly known as "B. f." ssp. "fragilis") is often recovered from blood, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, wounds, and brain abscesses. Although the "B. fragilis" group is the most common species found in clinical specimens, it is the least common "Bacteroides" present in fecal microbiota, comprising only 0.5% of

title: Flavobacteriales

text: for this order. Several proteins have also been identified which are unique to the Flavobacteriales and Bacteroidales orders, indicating the species from these two orders shared a common ancestor exclusive of other Bacteroidetes. Flavobacteriales The order Flavobacteriales comprises three families of environmental bacteria. The order Flavobacteriales is of one of the four orders from the phylum Bacteroidetes. Comparative genomic studies have identified several conserved indels, as well as 27 proteins that are uniquely shared by different sequenced Flavobacteriales and Bacteroidetes species supporting this inference. Additionally, these studies have also identified 38 proteins that seem to be specific for the species

title: Chlorobium

text: because other than these 3 proteins, no proteins from either the" Bacteroidetes" or "Chlorobi" phyla are shared by any other groups of bacteria. Several conserved signature indels have also been identified which are uniquely shared by members of the "Bacteroidetes" and "Chlorobi" phyla. The presence of these molecular signatures supports the close relationship of the "Bacteroidetes" and "Chlorobi" phyla. Additionally, the phylum "Fibrobacteres" is indicated to be specifically related to these two phyla. A clade consisting of these three phyla is strongly supported by phylogenetic analyses based upon a number of different proteins These phyla also branch in the same

title: Bacteroides

text: example) are opportunistic human pathogens, causing infections of the peritoneal cavity, gastrointestinal surgery, and appendicitis via abscess formation, inhibiting phagocytosis, and inactivating beta-lactam antibiotics. Although "Bacteroides" species are anaerobic, they are transiently aerotolerant and thus can survive in the abdominal cavity. In general, "Bacteroides" are resistant to a wide variety of antibiotics—β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and recently many species have acquired resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline. This high level of antibiotic resistance has prompted concerns that "Bacteroides" species may become a reservoir for resistance in other, more highly pathogenic bacterial strains. It is susceptible to clindamycin. An alternative fecal indicator organism, "Bacteroides",

title: Bacterial phyla

text: WYO, ZB3, and Zixibacteria). Despite the unclear branching order for most bacterial phyla, several groups of phyla have clear clustering and are referred to as superphyla. The FCB group (now called Sphingobacteria) includes Bacteroidetes, the unplaced genus "Caldithrix", Chlorobi, candidate phylum Cloacimonetes, Fibrobacteres, Gemmatimonadates, candidate phylum Ignavibacteriae, candidate phylum Latescibacteria, candidate phylum Marinimicrobia, and candidate phylum Zixibacteria. The PVC group (now called Planctobacteria) includes Chlamydiae, Lentisphaerae, candidate phylum Omnitrophica, Planctomycetes, candidate phylum Poribacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The proposed superphylum, Patescibacteria, includes candidate phyla Gracilibacteria, Microgenomates, Parcubacteria, and Saccharibacteria and possibly Dependentiae. These same candidate phyla, along with candidate phyla Berkelbacteria, CPR2,

title: Bacillus

text: and found results similar to the 2008 proposal, but with a much more limited number of species in terms of groups. (This scheme used "Listeria" as an outgroup, so in light of the ARB tree, it may be "inside-out"). One clade, formed by "B. anthracis", "B. cereus", "B. mycoides", "B. pseudomycoides", "B. thuringiensis", and "B. weihenstephanensis" under the 2011 classification standards, should be a single species (within 97% 16S identity), but due to medical reasons, they are considered separate species (an issue also present for four species of "Shigella" and "Escherichia coli"). "Bacillus" species are ubiquitous in nature, e.g. in

title: Bacteroides ureolyticus

text: Bacteroides ureolyticus Bacteroides ureolyticus is a species in the bacterial genus of Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic bacteria. "Bacteroides" species are non-endospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, "Bacteroides" membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. "Bacteroides" are normally mutualistic, a substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal flora, and they process complex molecules into simpler ones. As many as 10-10 cells per gram of human feces have been reported. They can use simple sugars when available; however, the main sources

title: Bacterial taxonomy

text: on morphology, contained the 3 basic groups, Coccaceae, Bacillaceae, and Spirillaceae but also Trichobacterinae for filamentous bacteria; Orla-Jensen established 2 orders: Cephalotrichinae (7 families) and Peritrichinae (presumably with only 1 family). Bergey et al presented a classification which generally followed the 1920 Final Report of the SAB(Society of American Bacteriologists) Committee ( Winslow et al), which divided Class Schizomycetes into 4 orders: Myxobacteriales, Thiobacteriales, Chlamydobacteriales, and Eubacteriales, with a 5th group being 4 genera considered intermediate between bacteria and protozoans: "Spirocheta, Cristospira, Saprospira," and "Treponema." However, different authors often reclassified the genera due to the lack of visible traits to

title: Bacterial taxonomy

text: Vuillemin in a study concluded that all species of the "Bacteria" should fall into the genera "Planococcus", "Streptococcus", "Klebsiella", "Merista", "Planomerista", "Neisseria", "Sarcina", "Planosarcina", "Metabacterium", "Clostridium", "Serratia", "Bacterium" and "Spirillum". Ferdinand Cohn recognized 4 tribes: Spherobacteria, Microbacteria, Desmobacteria, and Spirobacteria. Stanier and van Neil recognized the Kingdom Monera with 2 phyla, Myxophyta and Schizomycetae, the latter comprising classes Eubacteriae (3 orders), Myxobacteriae (1 order), and Spirochetae (1 order). Bisset distinguished 1 class and 4 orders: Eubacteriales, Actinomycetales, Streptomycetales, and Flexibacteriales. Migula, which was the most widely accepted system of its time and included all then-known species but was based only

title: Bacteriocin

text: from Gram-positive bacteriocins. They are modular proteins between 20 and 90 kDa in size. They often consist of a receptor binding domain, a translocation domain and a cytotoxic domain. Combinations of these domains between different CLBs occur frequently in nature and can be created in the laboratory. Due to these combinations further subclassifaction can be based on either import mechanism (group A and B) or on cytotoxic mechanism (nucleases, pore forming, M-type, L-type). Most well studied are the tailocins of "Pseudomonas aeruginosa". They can be further subdivided into R-type and F-type pyocins. Bacteriocins from Gram positive bacteria are typically classified

title: Bacteroides ureolyticus

text: of energy for "Bacteroides" species in the gut are complex host-derived and plant glycans. Bacteroides ureolyticus has been isolated from pregnant women with symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. Bacteroides ureolyticus Bacteroides ureolyticus is a species in the bacterial genus of Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic bacteria. "Bacteroides" species are non-endospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, "Bacteroides" membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. "Bacteroides" are normally mutualistic, a substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal flora, and they process complex molecules

title: Bacteroidetes

text: and it has been proposed that they should all recognized as part of a single “FCB” superphylum. The phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Notes ♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, but not listed in the LPSN ♪ Prokaryotes where no pure (axenic) cultures are isolated or available, i.e., not cultivated or cannot be sustained in culture for more than a few serial

title: Alphaproteobacteria

text: of the "Pelagibacterales" and "Rickettsiales", even though they are more closely related to species with high genomic GC-contents than to members of the latter two orders. The Class "Alphaproteobacteria" is divided into three subclasses "Magnetococcidae", "Rickettsidae" and "Caulobacteridae". The basal group is "Magnetococcidae", which is composed by a large diversity of magnetotactic bacteria, but only one is described, "Magnetococcus marinus". The "Rickettsidae" is composed of the intracellular "Rickettsiales" and the free-living "Pelagibacterales". The "Caulobacteridae" is composed of the "Holosporales", "Rhodospirillales", "Sphingomonadales", " Rhodobacterales", "Caulobacterales", "Kiloniellales", "Kordiimonadales", "Parvularculales" and "Sneathiellales". Comparative analyses of the sequenced genomes have also led to discovery

title: Bacteroidales-2 RNA motif

text: Bacteroidales-2 RNA motif The Bacteroidales-2 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. Bacteroidales-2 motifs are found in Bacteroidales. Bacteroidales-2 RNAs likely function in "trans" as sRNAs. Bacteroidales-2 RNAs are relatively large compared to most other bacterial sRNAs, averaging just over 400 nucleotides. Despite this large size, Bacteriodales-2 RNAs exhibit a relatively simple secondary structure, being composed mainly of hairpins. Bacteroidales-2 RNAs often occur adjacent to large regions that do not appear to encode proteins. A possible weak association with Mu-like phages was proposed. The hairpin on the 3' end of the Bacteroidales-2 motif might function

title: Vaginal flora

text: activity ranging from narrow (closely related "Lactobacillus" species) to broad (diverse groups of bacteria, including "G. vaginalis" and "P. bivia"), and bacteriocin-like substances, with a broader spectrum of activity than bacteriocins (e.g. a heat-resistant peptide produced by "Lactobacillus salivarius" subsp. "salivarius" CRL 1328). Several studies have indicated that the activity of bacteriocins is favored by low pH. The inhibitory substances produced by vaginal "Lactobacillus" is a primary factor in protecting the vaginal microbiota, with organic acids, bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide. These act synergistically against infection by pathogens. Not all "Lactobacillus" spp. and not all strains within one "Lactobacillus" species exhibit

title: Large intestine

text: against the normal flora, that are also effective against related pathogens, thereby preventing infection or invasion. The two most prevalent phyla of the colon are firmicutes and bacteroides. The ratio between the two seems to vary widely as reported by the Human Microbiome Project. Bacteroides are implicated in the initiation of colitis and colon cancer. Bifidobacteria are also abundant, and are often described as 'friendly bacteria'. A mucus layer protects the large intestine from attacks from colonic commensal bacteria. Following are the most common diseases or disorders of the colon: Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large intestine and

title: Gram-negative bacteria

text: Chloroflexi). The presence of this CSI in all sequenced species of conventional lipopolysaccharide-containing gram-negative bacterial phyla provides evidence that these phyla of bacteria form a monophyletic clade and that no loss of the outer membrane from any species from this group has occurred. The proteobacteria are a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria, including "Escherichia coli" ("E. coli"), "Salmonella", "Shigella", and other Enterobacteriaceae, "Pseudomonas", "Moraxella", "Helicobacter", "Stenotrophomonas", "Bdellovibrio", acetic acid bacteria, "Legionella" etc. Other notable groups of gram-negative bacteria include the cyanobacteria, spirochaetes, green sulfur, and green non-sulfur bacteria. Medically relevant gram-negative cocci include the four types that cause a sexually

title: Flavobacteriales

text: Flavobacteriales The order Flavobacteriales comprises three families of environmental bacteria. The order Flavobacteriales is of one of the four orders from the phylum Bacteroidetes. Comparative genomic studies have identified several conserved indels, as well as 27 proteins that are uniquely shared by different sequenced Flavobacteriales and Bacteroidetes species supporting this inference. Additionally, these studies have also identified 38 proteins that seem to be specific for the species from the order Flavobacteriales. Of these proteins, 26 were present in all sequenced species, while the remaining 12 were missing in only one or two species. These signature proteins provide potential molecular markers

title: Bacterial phyla

text: Group 1 Fibrobacteres, member of the FBC superphylum. Firmicutes, Low-G+C Gram positive species most often spore-forming, in two/three classes: the class Bacilli such as the "Bacillus" spp. (e.g. "B. anthracis", a pathogen, and "B. subtilis", biotechnologically useful), lactic acid bacteria (e.g. "Lactobacillus casei" in yoghurt, "Oenococcus oeni" in malolactic fermentation, "Streptococcus pyogenes", pathogen), the class Clostridia of mostly anaerobic sulphite-reducing saprophytic species, includes the genus "Clostridium" (e.g. the pathogens "C. dificile", "C. tetani", "C. botulinum" and the biotech "C. acetobutylicum") Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes, member of the FBC superphylum. Lentisphaerae, formerly clade VadinBE97, member of the PVC superphylum. Nitrospirae Planctomycetes, member of

title: Bacteroides fragilis

short_answers:
human colon
the human colon


question: who sings i wanna rock'n'roll all night

answers: Kiss

title: I Love Rock 'n' Roll

text: was performed as part of a medley, using the same guitar proposed The Alex Gaudino & Jason Rooney cover version was released in 2008. "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" is an often-covered song, and has been notably recorded by such artists as: I Love Rock 'n' Roll "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: / Let ‘em know that we’re still rock n roll." "Rock n Roll" was universally acclaimed by music critics. Robert Copsey of "Digital Spy" gave the song 4 out of 5 stars, writing that "Rock n Roll" features "the best of her bratty, hook-laden rock-pop; and we're safe in the knowledge Avril wouldn't have it any other way," also writing that, "it wouldn't sound out of place on a One Direction album." In another review for "Digital Spy", Copsey noted that "she yells, 'Let's get wasted!' with the same rebellious charm that feels nothing if reassuringly familiar." Sam Lansky of

title: Just Wanna Rock N' Roll

text: Just Wanna Rock N' Roll "Just Wanna Rock N' Roll" is a song written by Rodney Clawson and Chris Tompkins, and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Atkins. It was released in June 2012 as the third single from his album "Take a Back Road." On the Hot Country Songs chart, the song peaked at No. 39. It also peaked at No. 31 on the Country Airplay chart. This song is an uplifting cut that finds Atkins encouraging listeners not to get worried by life's troubles. "Rodney Clawson wrote that song. It's about your happy switch," said the singer

title: I Wanna Rock

text: I Wanna Rock "I Wanna Rock" is a song written and composed by Dee Snider and performed by his band Twisted Sister. It was released on the 1984 album "Stay Hungry". Like the earlier "We're Not Gonna Take It", the video features actor Mark Metcalf, best known as the abusive ROTC leader Douglas C. Neidermeyer from the movie "National Lampoon's Animal House". Here, he plays a teacher with a similar personality to Neidermeyer, who harasses a student for drawing the Twisted Sister logo on his notebook. He chastises the student by shouting "What kind of a man desecrates a defenseless

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: sing-along chorus, rocking beat and carpe diem attitude." For Sam Lansky of "Idolator", the songwriting of the song handled by Dr. Luke protege Jacob Kasher, David Hodges from Evanescence and Peter Svensson from The Cardigans, "is a funny marriage of execrable alt-rock pedigree and genius pop pedigree." Lansky also noted that the song has "a 'stomp-stomp-clap' loop that shamelessly apes Queen's 'We Will Rock You', strategically placed gang vocals and a post-chorus 'Hey!' hook so catchy it’s effectively burning holes in your brain." Lyrically, "Rock n Roll" is a "boisterous" declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: of ideas from the 1995 cult film "Tank Girl" including the comic book inspired opening credits and the punk-meets-military costuming. Avril even wears the blonde hair with pink streaks that Lori Petty sported as the titular character." Four teaser videos were released on 13, 16, 18 August and 19 August 2013 respectively, followed by the full video on 20 August 2013. The music video opens with a promo for Sony Xperia Z1 which includes a reference to one of Lavigne's earliest hits "Sk8er Boi" during which the singer recites a few of the song's lyrics on the phone. As she

title: I Love Rock 'n' Roll

text: Love Rock 'n' Roll" is the fourth European single released by pop singer Britney Spears from the album "Britney" on 27 May 2002. The song was used in her 2002 movie "Crossroads". Spears's character, Lucy, performs it in a karaoke bar. Spears said of the song, "They asked me to sing karaoke in the movie "Crossroads" and I've actually sung I Love Rock 'n' Roll in a lot of clubs that I've been to." Spears has publicly admitted the original song to be one of her favorites. Spears listened to the original Arrows Mickie Most-produced version just before she recorded

title: Rock 'n' Roll Star

text: Rock 'n' Roll Star "Rock 'n' Roll Star" is a song by English rock band Oasis. It is the opening track from their record breaking debut album, "Definitely Maybe". Like the majority of the band's songs from this era, it was written by lead guitarist Noel Gallagher. Noel said that "Rock 'n' Roll Star" was one of only three songs in which he wanted to say something: "I've pretty much summed up everything I wanted to say in "Rock 'n' Roll Star", "Live Forever" and "Cigarettes & Alcohol", after that I'm repeating myself, but in a different way". It became

title: I Love Rock 'n' Roll

text: and eleven). The single sold a total of 65,000 copies. It was also certified Gold in Australia. Directed by Chris Applebaum, the music video for "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" shows Spears with her own band, a stack of speakers, and flashing lights. The video begins black and white and switches throughout the video. It was shot at The Inn, a bar in Long Beach, New York. The video was ranked at No. 2 on the 100 Best Videos of 2002 at MTV Latin America's countdown. The Director's Cut version of the video was later leaked; it included previously unseen

title: Rock and Roll All Nite

title: I Love Rock 'n' Roll

text: I Love Rock 'n' Roll "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Merrill still plays the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City. The song was originally recorded and released by the Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill and produced by Mickie Most. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said

title: I Love Rock 'n' Roll

text: the song, according to Jive A&R representative Steve Lunt. The scratches performed on this song were performed by Corey Chase, at Hit Factory Miami. When promoting the single's release she mistakenly attributed the hit version of the song to Pat Benatar instead of Joan Jett. Spears' cover was met with mostly favorable reviews. "NME"s Ted Kessler wrote that Britney "still works best when making a good pop cheese and dance sandwich: there's the ace Rodney Jerkins-produced version of Joan Jett's 'I Love Rock'n'Roll', which does exactly what is says on the tin." "Rolling Stone"s Barry Walters wrote that "producer Rodney

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: Epic Records. Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song) "Rock n Roll" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released as the second single from her self-titled fifth studio album by Sony Music Entertainment on August 23, 2013. The song was written by Lavigne, David Hodges, Chad Kroeger, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Rickard B. Göransson and Peter Svensson and was produced by Peter Svensson. "Rock n Roll" is an upbeat pop punk song, and lyrically it is a declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her "middle finger to the sky" to "let 'em know that

title: So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star

text: covered "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" a number of times at live concerts. Pearl Jam's singer, Eddie Vedder, also covered it during his 2012 American solo tour. The British rock band Charlie released a song titled "Killer Cut" in 1979, that is essentially a sequel to "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" and begins with the lyrics "So you want to be a rock and roll star, well, times have changed/That's all I'll say/You still need an electric guitar but most of all you need that radio, radio play." Counting Crows

title: Just Wanna Rock N' Roll

text: to rest any expectations of it defying expectations." The music video was directed in Todd Cassetty and premiered in August 2012. "Just Wanna Rock N' Roll" debuted at number 57 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of June 23, 2012. Just Wanna Rock N' Roll "Just Wanna Rock N' Roll" is a song written by Rodney Clawson and Chris Tompkins, and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Atkins. It was released in June 2012 as the third single from his album "Take a Back Road." On the Hot Country Songs chart, the song peaked

title: Rock the Night (song)

text: on. Live footage was also included, although overdubbed by the studio version of the song. After the chorus, Joey uses a ketchup bottle as an imaginary microphone, before the waiter delivers a real wireless one. Right before the solo, Kee removes a guitar from the Cafe's wall. They take the stage during the solo and perform the remainder of the song. Rock the Night (song) "Rock the Night" is a single released by the Swedish glam metal band Europe. The song was written by vocalist Joey Tempest in 1984 and premiered on the band's "Wings of Tomorrow" tour the same

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song) "Rock n Roll" is a song by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. It was released as the second single from her self-titled fifth studio album by Sony Music Entertainment on August 23, 2013. The song was written by Lavigne, David Hodges, Chad Kroeger, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Rickard B. Göransson and Peter Svensson and was produced by Peter Svensson. "Rock n Roll" is an upbeat pop punk song, and lyrically it is a declaration of rebellion on which the singer puts up her "middle finger to the sky" to "let 'em know that she's still

title: So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star

text: Roxette included the song in their 1993 "MTV Unplugged" show. Ronnie Wood also covered "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" on his 2001 solo album, "Not for Beginners". The German Alternative Rock/Punk Band Beatsteaks covered the song on their 2004 "Hand in Hand" single. In 2006, Les Fradkin released a cover version of the song on his album "Goin' Back". Also, the Dutch rock band Golden Earring covered the song as a bonus track on their "This Wheel's on Fire" CD single. Jon Bon Jovi has also covered the song in live concerts. Pearl Jam have

title: Rock the Night (song)

text: Rock the Night (song) "Rock the Night" is a single released by the Swedish glam metal band Europe. The song was written by vocalist Joey Tempest in 1984 and premiered on the band's "Wings of Tomorrow" tour the same year. It was released twice; in 1985 as a single from the soundtrack to the Swedish film "On the Loose", and in 1986 as the second international single from the album "The Final Countdown." The B-side for both releases was a 1985 re-recording of the band's debut single, "Seven Doors Hotel". The 1986 release became a Top 10 hit in France

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: rock and roll," refusing to behave like an adult. The song received a critical praise from music critics, and was highlighted as one of the standout tracks on the album. "Rock n Roll" performed moderately on the charts, reaching number one in South Korea and Taiwan, and number five in Japan, respectively. The song failed to make impact elsewhere, peaking at number 37 in Canada and number 91 on the "US" "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The music video directed by Chris Marrs Piliero shows Lavigne in full combat mode, conspiring with Danica McKellar (playing a character called Winnie Cooperre) in

title: Rock 'n Roll Stage Show

text: solely on Bill Haley as the main singer, and included several instrumental recordings, including "Rudy's Rock" featuring tenor saxophone player Rudy Pompilli, which was featured (in a different performance) in the motion picture "Rock Around the Clock" earlier in the year. Also given the spotlight is guitarist Franny Beecher on "Goofin' Around" and "Blue Comet Blues", accordion player Johnny Grande on "A Rockin' Little Tune", and steel guitar player Billy Williamson sings a solo vocal on a version of Big Joe Turner's "Hide and Seek". In addition, two songs - "Tonight's the Night" and "Hey Then, There Now" were trio

title: Roy Brown (blues musician)

text: Rockin' Tonight". Brown then approached another blues singer, Cecil Gant, who was performing at another club in town. Brown introduced his song, and Gant had him sing it over the telephone to the president of De Luxe Records, Jules Braun, reportedly at 4:00 in the morning. Brown was signed to a recording contract immediately. He recorded the song in a jump blues style with a swing beat. It was released in 1948 and reached number 13 on the "Billboard" R&B chart. Ironically, Harris recorded a cover version of the song, and his record rose to the top of the "Billboard"

title: I Love Rock 'n Roll (album)

text: dark bangs and well-applied mascara had nothing to do with rock 'n' roll?" "Sounds" described her look as the classic "tomboy rock girl", and quoted her regarding the record label's initial expectations: "They wanted me to lie on a couch in leopardskin like Pat Benatar or something," she gasps, "You know I couldn't do anything like "that"!" "Creem" gave the album a generally positive review, concluding that Jett "covers more ground than you might expect, and does so with contagious enthusiasm". The Blackhearts Additional musicians Production team I Love Rock 'n Roll (album) I Love Rock 'n Roll is the

title: Rock All Night

text: change in the schedule of The Platters and they were only going to be available for one day so Griffith rewrote the script in 48 hours. The film was at one stage known as "Rock'n'Roll Girl". Dane Clark was originally sought to play the lead. Songwriter and manager Buck Ram offered a slew of his musical talent such as The Platters, accompanied by the Eddie Beal sextet with Eric Dolphy on baritone saxophone, The Blockbusters, and Nora Hayes to AIP in return for having the sole rights to a soundtrack album for the film. Corman filmed Ram's acts lip-synching their

title: Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)

text: she performed the latter song in TV station Japan.To date, "Rock N Roll" has sold more than 500.000 copies worldwide. A lyric video for "Rock n Roll" - featuring fan-made videos submitted through Instagram - was released onto Lavigne's official Vevo account on 12 August 2013. Irish duo Jedward, make a cameo in the lyric video. On 25 July 2013, Lavigne began shooting the music video for the song, directed by Chris Marrs Piliero. It features actress Danica McKellar, Billy Zane and Sid Wilson of the band Slipknot. According to Courtney E. Smith of Radio.com, the video "takes all kinds

title: Rock and Roll (Gary Glitter song)

text: Rock and Roll (Gary Glitter song) "Rock and Roll" is a song by English glam rock singer Gary Glitter that was released in 1972 as a single and on the album "Glitter". Co-written by Glitter and Mike Leander, the song is in two parts: Part 1 is a vocal track reflecting on the history of the genre, and Part 2 is a mostly instrumental piece. Both parts were popular in Britain, and the single went to No. 2 on the British charts. In concert, Glitter merged both into one performance. "Rock and Roll" is Glitter's only top 10 hit in

title: So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star

text: So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" is a song by the American rock band the Byrds, written by Jim McGuinn and Chris Hillman and included on the band's 1967 album, "Younger Than Yesterday". The song was inspired by the manufactured nature of the Monkees and was released as a single on January 9, 1967 ("see" 1967 in music), reaching number 29 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, but failing to chart in the United Kingdom. Written in late 1966, "So You Want to be a Rock 'n'

title: Rock Me All Night

text: album) said; "The opening hit single, "Rock Me All Night" an infectious R&B starter, is light and catchy entertainment". Rock Me All Night "Rock Me All Night" is the debut single by Australian dance duo, Kaylan. It was released in March 2000 as the first single from their debut album, "No Commandments" (2000). The song peaked at number 14 on the ARIA Charts. In an interview in September 2000, the band was asked if they were surprised with the success of the song; "I think we did really well considering we're a new band, it's hard for people to accept

title: Rock and Roll (Gary Glitter song)

text: covers but reference the original's beat in their composition: Rock and Roll (Gary Glitter song) "Rock and Roll" is a song by English glam rock singer Gary Glitter that was released in 1972 as a single and on the album "Glitter". Co-written by Glitter and Mike Leander, the song is in two parts: Part 1 is a vocal track reflecting on the history of the genre, and Part 2 is a mostly instrumental piece. Both parts were popular in Britain, and the single went to No. 2 on the British charts. In concert, Glitter merged both into one performance. "Rock

title: The Byrds

text: Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star", a satirical and heavily sarcastic jibe at the manufactured nature of groups like the Monkees. The song features the trumpet playing of South African musician Hugh Masekela and as such, marks the first appearance of brass on a Byrds' recording. "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" was issued as a single in January 1967 and peaked at number 29 in America but failed to chart in the UK. Despite this relatively poor chart showing, "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" has become one of

title: Rock and Roll All Nite

long_answer: "Rock and Roll All Nite" is a song by Kiss, originally released on their 1975 album Dressed to Kill. It was released as the A-side of their fifth single, with the album track "Getaway." The studio version of the song peaked at No. 68 on the Billboard singles chart, besting the band's previous charting single, "Kissin' Time" (#89). A subsequent live version, released as a single in October 1975, eventually reached No. 12 in early 1976, the first of six Top 20 songs for Kiss in the 1970s. "Rock and Roll All Nite" became Kiss's signature song and has served as the group's closing concert number in almost every concert since 1976. In 2008 it was named the 16th greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1.


question: what is it called when you believe in greek gods

answers: Hellenism

answers: Hellenic polytheist

answers: Hellenic Polytheism

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: While there were few concepts universal to all the Greek peoples, there were common beliefs shared by many. Ancient Greek theology was polytheistic, based on the assumption that there were many gods and goddesses, as well as a range of lesser supernatural beings of various types. There was a hierarchy of deities, with Zeus, the king of the gods, having a level of control over all the others, although he was not almighty. Some deities had dominion over certain aspects of nature. For instance, Zeus was the sky-god, sending thunder and lightning, Poseidon ruled over the sea and earthquakes, Hades

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: the "Form of the Good", and which he believed was the emanation of perfection in the universe. Plato's disciple, Aristotle, also disagreed that polytheistic deities existed, because he could not find enough empirical evidence for it. He believed in a Prime Mover, which had set creation going, but was not connected to or interested in the universe. In the Hellenistic period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece (146 BC) Greek religion developed in various ways, including expanding over at least some of Alexander's conquests. The new dynasties of diadochi, kings

title: Iliad

text: the Greek religion was created out of a consensus of the people. These beliefs coincide to the thoughts about the gods in polytheistic Greek religion. In the article "Greek Religion" A.W.H. Adkins, agrees with this by saying, “The early Greeks personalized every aspect of their world, natural and cultural, and their experiences in it. The earth, the sea, the mountains, the rivers, custom-law (themis), and one’s share in society and its goods were all seen in personal as well as naturalistic terms.” As a result of this thinking, each god or goddess in Polytheistic Greek religion is attributed to an

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: to several major gods, the identification of different gods with different places remained strong to the end. The Greeks believed in an underworld where the spirits of the dead went after death. One of the most widespread areas of this underworld was ruled over by Hades, a brother of Zeus, and was known as Hades (originally called 'the place of Hades'). Other well known realms are Tartarus, a place of torment for the damned, and Elysium, a place of pleasures for the virtuous. In the early Mycenean religion all the dead went to Hades, but the rise of mystery cults

title: Classics

text: of myth-making itself. Greek religion encompassed the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. These different groups varied enough for it to be possible to speak of Greek religions or "cults" in the plural, though most of them shared similarities. Also, the Greek religion extended out of Greece and out to neighbouring islands. Many Greek people recognized the major gods and goddesses: Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Ares, Dionysus, Hephaestus, Athena, Hermes, Demeter, Hestia and Hera; though philosophies such as Stoicism and some forms of Platonism

title: Mycenae

text: this deity would become Zeus (pronounced "Zeus" or "Dias" in ancient Greek). Among the Hindus, this sky-deity becomes "Dyaus Pita". In Latin he becomes "deus pater" or Jupiter; we still encounter this word in the etymologies of the words "deity" and "divine". Later in some cults, Zeus is united with the Aegean Great Goddess, who is represented by Hera in a "holy wedding" ("hieros gamos"). At some point in their cultural history, the Mycenaeans adopted some Minoan goddesses like Aphaea, Britomartis, Diktynna and associated them with their sky-god. Many of them were absorbed by more powerful divinities, and some like

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: Ancient Greek religion Ancient Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology originating in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. These groups varied enough for it to be possible to speak of Greek religions or "cults" in the plural, though most of them shared similarities. Most ancient Greeks recognized the twelve major Olympian gods and goddesses: (Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Ares, Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus), although philosophies such as Stoicism and some forms of Platonism used language that seems to assume a single transcendent

title: Marie Phillips

text: those of the ancient world:He was saying that the gods of the ancient world had flaws, they were more human, and I suddenly thought, what if they were right? There is something arbitrary about belief; if you are a Christian, then you have to believe that the Hindus are wrong, and the other way round. You can back your beliefs up with archaeology or sacred texts, but ultimately it comes down to siding with one team or another. And I thought – what about the Greeks? No one sides with that team any more, but what if they were the

title: Greece

text: ancient Greek world also served a cosmological role as it was meant to try to explain how the world was formed and operated. The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the "Twelve Gods", who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Demeter, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also

title: Hellenism (religion)

text: Hellenism (Greek: Ἑλληνισμός), the Hellenic ethnic religion (Ἑλληνικὴ ἐθνική θρησκεία), also commonly known as Hellenismos, Hellenic Polytheism, Dodekatheism (Δωδεκαθεϊσμός), or Olympianism (Ὀλυμπιανισμός), refers to various religious movements that revive or reconstruct ancient Greek religious practices, publicly, emerging since the 1990s.

title: Deity

text: often found in Middle Eastern archaeological remains depicted as a "snake-dragon" or a "human-animal hybrid". The ancient Greeks revered both gods and goddesses. These continued to be revered through the early centuries of the common era, and many of the Greek deities inspired and were adopted as part of much larger pantheon of Roman deities. The Greek religion was polytheistic, but had no centralized church, nor any sacred texts. The deities were largely associated with myths and they represented natural phenomena or aspects of human behavior. Several Greek deities probably trace back to more ancient Indo-European traditions, since the gods

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: deity. The worship of these deities, and several others, was found across the Greek world, though they often have different epithets that distinguished aspects of the deity, and often reflect the absorption of other local deities into the pan-Hellenic scheme. The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece, to the islands and coasts of Ionia in Asia Minor, to Magna Graecia (Sicily and southern Italy), and to scattered Greek colonies in the Western Mediterranean, such as Massalia (Marseille). Early Italian religions such as the Etruscan were influenced by Greek religion in forming much of the ancient Roman religion.

title: Hellenism (religion)

text: central "ecclesia" (church/assembly) or hierarchical clergy, though some groups (i.e., Hellenion) do offer training in that capacity. Individual worshipers are generally expected to perform their own rituals and learn about the religion and the gods by reference to primary and secondary sources on ancient Greek religion and through personal experience of the gods. Information gained from such personal experiences is often referred to in Hellenic groups as "UPG" (Unverified Personal Gnosis), a term borrowed from Ásatrú, though now commonly used among many pagan religions. In polytheism, Reconstructionism is a methodology which attempts to accurately base modern religious practice on culturally

title: Politics of Greece

text: Greek Orthodox Church is self-governing but under the spiritual guidance of the Ecumenical Patriarch in Constantinople. Freedom of religious beliefs is guaranteed by the Constitution, but "proselytism" is officially illegal. According to the most recent Eurostat "Eurobarometer" poll, in 2005, 81% of Greek citizens responded that "they believe there is a God", whereas 16% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and only 3% that "they do not believe there is a God, spirit, nor life force". This would make Greece one of the most religious countries in the European Union of 25 members,

title: Greek mythology

text: gods are persons, not abstractions, ideas or concepts". Regardless of their underlying forms, the Ancient Greek gods have many fantastic abilities; most significantly, the gods are not affected by disease, and can be wounded only under highly unusual circumstances. The Greeks considered immortality as the distinctive characteristic of their gods; this immortality, as well as unfading youth, was insured by the constant use of nectar and ambrosia, by which the divine blood was renewed in their veins. Each god descends from his or her own genealogy, pursues differing interests, has a certain area of expertise, and is governed by a

title: Thales of Miletus

text: him, as the Greeks in general believed in the distinction between mind and matter, which was ultimately to lead to a distinction not only between body and soul but also between matter and energy. If things were alive, they must have souls. This belief was no innovation, as the ordinary ancient populations of the Mediterranean did believe that natural actions were caused by divinities. Accordingly, Aristotle and other ancient writers state that Thales believed that "all things were full of gods." In their zeal to make him the first in everything some said he was the first to hold the

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: gods could only lengthen his journey and make it harder for him, but they could not stop him. The gods acted like humans and had human vices. They would interact with humans, sometimes even spawning children with them. At times certain gods would be opposed to others, and they would try to outdo each other. In the "Iliad", Aphrodite, Ares and Apollo support the Trojan side in the Trojan War, while Hera, Athena and Poseidon support the Greeks (see theomachy). Some gods were specifically associated with a certain city. Athena was associated with the city of Athens, Apollo with Delphi

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: in the Geometric style (900–750 BC), but are very rarely mentioned in literature; they were relatively late introductions to Greece, and it has been suggested that Greek preferences in this matter go very far back. The Greeks liked to believe that the animal was glad to be sacrificed, and interpreted various behaviours as showing this. Divination by examining parts of the sacrificed animal was much less important than in Roman or Etruscan religion, or Near Eastern religions, but was practiced, especially of the liver, and as part of the cult of Apollo. Generally, the Greeks put more faith in observing

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: myths, festivals and beliefs all continued, these trends probably reduced the grip on the imagination of the traditional pantheon, especially among the educated, but probably more widely in the general population. When the Roman Republic conquered Greece in 146 BC, it took much of Greek religion (along with many other aspects of Greek culture such as literary and architectural styles) and incorporated it into its own. The Greek gods were equated with the ancient Roman deities; Zeus with Jupiter, Hera with Juno, Poseidon with Neptune, Aphrodite with Venus, Ares with Mars, Artemis with Diana, Athena with Minerva, Hermes with Mercury,

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: of the gods as members of society, rather than as external entities, indicating social ties. Sacrificial rituals played a major role in forming the relationship between humans and the divine. It has been suggested that the Chthonic deities, distinguished from Olympic deities by typically being offered the holocaust mode of sacrifice, where the offering is wholly burnt, may be remnants of the native Pre-Hellenic religion and that many of the Olympian deities may come from the Proto-Greeks who overran the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula in the late third millennium BC. Various religious festivals were held in ancient Greece.

title: Exclusivism

text: declaring that they were driving out the foreign Gods." Plato, in his Laws, advocates that the state should punish those who deny the existence of the Olympian Gods or believe that the gods exist but think they are indifferent to mankind or can be easily bought by bribes. "Interpretatio graeca", the common tendency of ancient Greek writers to identify foreign divinities with members of their own pantheon, can be seen as a kind of exclusivism. The syncretism of the Hellenistic period whereby aspects of the cults of foreign Gods such as iconography and epithets, can also be seen as a

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: groups believed that the world had been created in different ways. One Greek creation myth was told in Hesiod's "Theogony". It stated that at first there was only a primordial deity called Chaos, who gave birth to various other primordial gods, such as Gaia, Tartarus and Eros, who then gave birth to more gods, the Titans, who then gave birth to the first Olympians. The mythology largely survived and was added to in order to form the later Roman mythology. The Greeks and Romans had been literate societies, and much mythology, although initially shared orally, was written down in the

title: Deity

text: pursue those guilty of crimes against blood-relatives. The Greek deities, like those in many other Indo-European traditions, were anthropomorphic. Walter Burkert describes them as "persons, not abstractions, ideas or concepts". They had fantastic abilities and powers; each had some unique expertise and, in some aspects, a specific and flawed personality. They were not omnipotent and could be injured in some circumstances. Greek deities led to cults, were used politically and inspired votive offerings for favors such as bountiful crops, healthy family, victory in war, or peace for a loved one recently deceased. In Norse mythology, "Æsir" means gods, while "Ásynjur"

title: Polytheism

text: Ionia in Asia Minor, to Magna Graecia (Sicily and southern Italy), and to scattered Greek colonies in the Western Mediterranean, such as Massalia (Marseille). Greek religion tempered Etruscan cult and belief to form much of the later Roman religion. The animistic nature of folk beliefs is an anthropological cultural universal. The belief in ghosts and spirits animating the natural world and the practice of ancestor worship is universally present in the world's cultures and re-emerges in monotheistic or materialistic societies as "superstition", belief in demons, tutelary saints, fairies or extraterrestrials. The presence of a full polytheistic religion, complete with a

title: Ancient Greek philosophy

text: a result. What is known is that he argued that each of the phenomena had a natural rather than divine explanation in a manner reminiscent of Anaximander's theories and that there was only one god, the world as a whole, and that he ridiculed the anthropomorphism of the Greek religion by claiming that cattle would claim that the gods looked like cattle, horses like horses, and lions like lions, just as the Ethiopians claimed that the gods were snubnosed and black and the Thracians claimed they were pale and red-haired. Burnet says that Xenophanes was not, however, a scientific man,

title: Ancient Greek religion

text: projected his remarkable power throughout the realms of death and the Underworld, and Helios controlled the sun. Other deities ruled over abstract concepts; for instance Aphrodite controlled love. All significant deities were visualized as "human" in form, although often able to transform themselves into animals or natural phenomena. While being immortal, the gods were certainly not all-good or even all-powerful. They had to obey fate, known to Greek mythology as the Moirai, which overrode any of their divine powers or wills. For instance, in mythology, it was Odysseus' fate to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan War, and the

title: Mycenae

text: exalted to honor after death, because of what they had done. According to an old Minoan belief, beyond the sea there was an island called Elysion, where the departed could have a different but happier existence. Later, the Greeks believed that there could live in human form only heroes and the beloved of the gods. The souls of the rest would drift unconsciously in the gloomy space of Hades. Gods and men had common origins, but there was an enormous gap between the immortal gods and mortal men. However, certain elements indicate that the Myceneans probably believed in a future

title: Atheism

text: (c. 470–399 BCE) with the trends in pre-Socratic philosophy towards naturalistic inquiry and the rejection of divine explanations for phenomena. Aristophanes' comic play "The Clouds" (performed 423 BCE) portrays Socrates as teaching his students that the traditional Greek deities do not exist. Socrates was later tried and executed under the charge of not believing in the gods of the state and instead worshipping foreign gods. Socrates himself vehemently denied the charges of atheism at his trial and all the surviving sources about him indicate that he was a very devout man, who prayed to the rising sun and believed that

title: Ancient Greek architecture

text: Parthenon, Athens, both over 40 feet high, were once housed in them. The religion of ancient Greece was a form of nature worship that grew out of the beliefs of earlier cultures. However, unlike earlier cultures, man was no longer perceived as being threatened by nature, but as its sublime product. The natural elements were personified as gods of completely human form, and very human behaviour. The home of the gods was thought to be Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. The most important deities were: Zeus, the supreme god and ruler of the sky; Hera, his wife and goddess

title: Religious syncretism

text: Classical Athens was exclusive in matters of religion. The Decree of Diopeithes made the introduction of and belief in foreign gods a criminal offence and only Greeks were allowed to worship in Athenian temples and festivals as foreigners were considered impure. On the other hand, Athens imported many foreign cults, including those of Cybele and the Thracian goddess Bendis, and in some cases this involved a merging of identities: for example, Heracles, who had traditionally been regarded as a mortal hero, began here and elsewhere in the Aegean world to be identified as a divine (Olympian) figure, perhaps under the

title: Hellenism (religion)


question: whos jack the ripper in gotham by gaslight

answers: Jacob Packer

title: Gotham by Gaslight

text: continuing search. Their search would take them to worlds populated by characters from other Elseworlds stories, including those seen in the Batman & Dracula trilogy (Earth-43) and "" (Earth-30). Other Elseworlds that involve Jack the Ripper: Gotham by Gaslight Gotham by Gaslight is a DC Comics one-shot by Brian Augustyn and Mike Mignola, with inks by P. Craig Russell. The story revolves around a 19th century version of Bruce Wayne making his debut as Batman just as Jack the Ripper has arrived in Gotham City. Although it was not initially labeled as such, "Gotham by Gaslight" is considered to be

title: Gotham by Gaslight

text: Gotham by Gaslight Gotham by Gaslight is a DC Comics one-shot by Brian Augustyn and Mike Mignola, with inks by P. Craig Russell. The story revolves around a 19th century version of Bruce Wayne making his debut as Batman just as Jack the Ripper has arrived in Gotham City. Although it was not initially labeled as such, "Gotham by Gaslight" is considered to be the first Elseworlds story in which DC Comics characters from alternate timelines or realities are featured in stories outside of the DC Universe canon. While not originally labelled as such, subsequent printings of "Gotham by Gaslight"

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: Gotham’s poor and destitute women. Citizens of Gotham believe the Batman and Jack to be the same man. Stage actress Selina Kyle, a protector of the women from "Skinner's End", berates Gotham Police Commissioner James Gordon and Chief of Police Harvey "Bulldog" Bullock for their failure to stop the Ripper murders. Later that night, Selina acts as bait for the Ripper. It works, but the Ripper gets the upper hand during their fight until the arrival of Batman. After escaping, Batman asks Gordon to help him bring the Ripper down. At the Monarch Theatre with his friend Harvey Dent, Bruce

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: with the orphans, who deliver him his suit and a steampunk motorcycle. Selina meets with Gordon at the Gotham City World's Fair and learns to her horror that he is the Ripper. While seeking Selina at Gordon's home, Batman learns this as well when he finds a secret room revealing Gordon's gruesome hobbies and past as an army surgeon during the American Civil War. Batman also meets Gordon's wife, Barbara-Eileen Gordon, with scars on the left side of her face that have driven her insane, praising her husband for “curing” her sins as a woman. Gordon injects Selina with a

title: Gotham by Gaslight

text: Gordon informs Wayne about criminal gangs currently operating in Gotham. Gordon also shows Bruce the case of a man who poisoned his wife and tried to commit suicide with the poison, which left him alive with a permanent grin. Bruce takes up the mantle of Batman to fight criminals on the street. At the same time, a series of murders of women take place and some people begin to suspect that Batman is the murderer. It is soon discovered that Jack the Ripper has come to Gotham, as the murders in Gotham City seem to resemble the Ripper murders. After

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: meets Selina and the two bond at the Dionysus Club. Bruce realizes that not only were the two of them taken in by Sister Leslie, but that some of the murdered girls were orphans formerly under Leslie's care. Bruce realizes that the Ripper will target Leslie and rushes to save her, but is too late; the Ripper has already murdered her. At the crime scene, Bruce finds a bloody Dionysus Club pin, meaning the Ripper has to be one of Gotham's wealthy. At Sister Leslie's funeral, Bruce is met by Hugo Strange, claiming he knows the killer and wants to

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: seeing Batman is Bruce, she takes him to her home, where they spend the night. After the death of Marlene is discovered, Bruce is arrested, and Dent accuses him of being the Ripper. Sentenced to Blackgate Penitentiary following the trial, Bruce is met by Selina, who urges him to reveal he is Batman to clear his name and help save the girls from Jack. When he refuses, she decides to tell Gordon herself, revealing she has one of his batarangs. Bribing a guard to deliver a coded message to his manor, Bruce escapes after staging a prison fight and meets

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: on January 12, 2018 and then for digital download on January 23, 2018 before coming out on DVD and Blu-ray on February 6. In Victorian era Gotham City, Bruce Wayne is operating as the bat-garbed vigilante, the Batman, who is feared by the guilty and the innocent alike. One night, Batman saves a wealthy couple from being robbed by three orphans (Dickie, Jason and Timmy) and defeats their abusive handler, Big Bill Dust. At the same time, Ivy, an orphan turned exotic dancer and prostitute, becomes the newest victim of the serial killer called Jack the Ripper, who preys on

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: meet with Batman. Bruce also is met by Marlene, a drunken old woman who claims she saw him sneaking around when Sister Leslie was killed. Bruce's butler Alfred stops the three orphans from pick-pocketing him and offers to provide them work. At Arkham Asylum, the Ripper attacks Strange and throws him to his own patients, who tear him apart. Batman chases the Ripper on top of an airship in a fight that leaves Batman wounded as the airship explodes and the Ripper escapes. Batman is chased by police, only to be saved by Selina when he is nearly cornered. After

title: Gotham by Gaslight

text: Batman interrupts the Ripper as he is about to claim his next victim. Batman chases the Ripper throughout Gotham and the two eventually come to a stop at the grave of Thomas and Martha Wayne, where it is revealed that Jacob Packer is the Ripper.  Packer had been trained in medicine and law with the money of Thomas Wayne, but he was driven insane by Martha Wayne's rejection of his advances. Since then he was killing women who resemble Martha to silence the laughter of Martha he heard in his head.

title: Gotham by Gaslight

text: Martha Wayne's rejection of his advances. Since then he had been killing women who resembled Martha to silence the laughter of Martha he heard in his head. Packer reveals that he hired an assassin to kill Bruce's parents. Gordon appears at this time with the police and Batman tells them to arrest Packer. Packer confesses that he is the Ripper and tries to kill Batman, but Gordon shoots Packer dead at the last minute. Batman disappears into the shadows, leaving Gordon to take in the body of Jack the Ripper. In 1892, three years later, Bruce has "retired" his alter-ego

title: Jack the Ripper in fiction

text: to kill. Van Helsing searches for and destroys the knives, including one which is destroyed by Sherlock Holmes. In the 2006 manga "Black Butler" by the Japanese manga artist Yana Toboso, Jack the Ripper is portrayed as a mysterious person who had been responsible for the multiple yet common deaths of prostitutes in Victorian London. A few chapters later, it is revealed that Jack the Ripper is actually two people working together: a masquerading shinigami and a doctor of noble lineage. In "Phantom Blood", the first part of the 1987 manga "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure" by Hirohiko Araki, the Ripper appears

title: Gotham by Gaslight

text: a search of Wayne Manor, a bloody knife is found under Bruce's bed and Bruce is arrested. A trial is held in which Uncle Jake is Bruce's defense attorney. After the trial, Bruce is convicted of being the Ripper and sentenced to be hanged for his crimes. Bruce is imprisoned in Arkham Asylum. Once Bruce is in prison, Gordon gives him all the documentation on the crimes. Bruce toils day and night to try to figure out how he can get the Ripper. Just one day before the execution, Bruce learns the identity of the Ripper by discovering he had

title: Alternative versions of Joker

text: in "Gotham by Gaslight" as a serial killer who, having married and poisoned at least ten women, tries to commit suicide with strychnine when he is caught, leaving him with a permanent grin. In "", the Joker is provided with Kryptonian gauntlets and launches an attack on Arkham Asylum, forcing most of the inmates to fight each other before brutally murdering Batgirl and Robin while forcing Batman to watch. Catwoman distracts Joker long enough for Batman to escape, but the traumatised Batman subsequently kills the Joker in a rage. During "" (2004), Batman encounters the Joker in the afterlife when

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight Batman: Gotham by Gaslight is a 2018 American animated steampunk superhero alternate history action thriller film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. It is the thirtieth film in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It is directed and produced by Sam Liu and written by James Krieg, based on the one-shot graphic novel of the same name and upon its sequel, which was titled "Master of the Future". The film was released for a world premiere screening at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. during the "DC in D.C." event

title: Jack the Ripper in fiction

text: the villain being a former friend of Batman's parents driven insane by the rejection of his mother, the murders his attempt to silence Martha's mocking ghost. The two fictional worlds, both dark and gothic, complement one another and sit easily together. Jack the Ripper featured in Grant Morrison's "Doom Patrol" in 1989, "" and "Predator: Nemesis" in 1997, and in a Judge Dredd story: "Night of the Ripper!". A story in the Justice League of America series fused with H. G. Wells' "The Island of Dr. Moreau" and features Jack the Ripper as an orangutan, while the immortal super-villain Vandal

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: drug, but she manages to use her blood and the Fair's searchlight to give Batman a signal. Batman arrives and fights Gordon into a Ferris wheel, where Gordon, driven mentally insane by his time in the Civil War, reveals his "holy work" is to rid Gotham from what he sees as filth - from the poor to the criminals, but also immigrants, the illiterate, prostitutes, and anarchists. The Ferris wheel lights on fire and begins to collapse. Selina escapes the burning wheel, while Batman defeats Gordon by using a handcuff trick taught to him by Houdini, only to watch Gordon

title: Jack the Ripper suspects

text: "Fogelma", and Russian needlewoman Olga Tchkersoff. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle advanced theories involving a female murderer dubbed "Jill the Ripper". Supporters of this theory believe that the murderer worked, or posed, as a midwife, who could be seen with bloody clothes without attracting suspicion and would be more easily trusted by the victims than a man. Women proposed as the Ripper include the convicted murderers Mary Pearcey and Constance Kent, and Theosophist Helena Blavatsky. The 19 December 1893 edition of the Ohio "Marion Daily Star" reported that Lizzie Halliday, a mentally ill Irish immigrant suspected of leaving a string of

title: Batman: Gotham by Gaslight

text: allow himself to burn alive. Batman and Selina are saved by Alfred and the orphans, who are now Bruce Wayne’s wards. As they escape, they watch as the World's Fair burns down, and hope it will be replaced with something better. Julian Romano at MovieWeb gave the film a positive review, going so far as to say it "ranks among the best of the DC Animated Universe". He says the film surpasses "", doing a better job of adapting the source material, praising screenwriter Jim Krieg and director Sam Liu, for their intelligent approach. He notes the R rating, and

title: Gotham by Gaslight

text: and is engaged to be married. Having brought his parents' murderer to justice, he has come to regard being Batman as a childish fancy, and intends to devote his life to more serious pursuits. Others believe that Gotham City needs Batman more than ever, namely now-Commissioner Gordon and Bruce's own fiancée, Julie Madison (whom Batman rescued from a late-night assault). At a City Council meeting, Mayor Tolliver (the former Police Commissioner who aggressively prosecuted Bruce as the suspected Ripper) is promoting Gotham's hosting of the "American Discovery Exposition" to market Gotham as the "City of the Future". The meeting is

title: Jack the Ripper in fiction

text: and the Ripper also featured in "Blood of the Innocent" by Rickey Shanklin, Marc Hempel and Mark Wheatley in 1986, and a story ("Royal Blood") in DC Comics' Hellblazer series in 1992. Issue #100 of Marvel Comics "Master of Kung Fu" (1981) featured a story titled "Red of Fang and Claw, All Love Lost". In it, the Ripper was an experiment of Fu Manchu's, who escaped and hid in London. The hero fought him at the end of the story. DC Comics' "" (1989), features a Victorian era version of the superhero Batman hunting the Ripper in New York City,

title: Batman Beyond (comics)

text: Scarecrow does not use fear gas to brainwash the population like Jonathan Crane did. When they go back on patrol, Scarecrow ignites Gotham's fear of Batman even further, which proves strong enough to turn Robin and Bruce against Batman. Bruce turns off the visual feed so he cans till help Terry by audio. Jack eventually finds Adalyn in the News 52 building and discovers that she is the new Scarecrow, who uses the A.I. cubes in every home to instill fear in Neo-Gotham against Batman. Jack, who is immune thanks to his days as the Creeper, relays the information to

title: Oswald Cobblepot (Gotham)

text: the role, Robin Lord Taylor cited inspiration from Danny DeVito's portrayal of the Penguin in the 1992 Tim Burton film "Batman Returns", the second installment of the Batman film series. Oswald Cobblepot is a cunning, ruthless criminal who wants to rule Gotham's criminal underworld, and is willing – and often eager – to kill anyone who stands in his way. Nevertheless, he is patient and methodical, using his sharp intellect to concoct intricate plans in which his every move is premeditated toward achieving a given end. His last name is an anglicization of "Kapelput"; his mother, Gertrud Kapelput (Carol Kane),

title: Scarecrow (DC Comics)

text: infects them with his fear gas, making them see their greatest fears and allowing the Scarecrow a chance to escape. After that, Batman and Robin follow a trail of clues which lead them to Jitters Holler, where they confront the villain and are able to defeat the Scarecrow after exposing him to his own fear gas. Scarecrow has a minor appearance in the 2017 series "". Crane, along with several other Batman villains, is tricked by Jack Napier (who in this reality was a Joker who had been force fed an overdose of pills by Batman which temporarily cured him

title: Joker (character)

text: sadistic gangster who creates the Red Hood identity to continue the thrill of small-time criminality. He has his fateful first meeting with Batman, which results in his disfigurement. It is suggested that the Joker is sane, and feigns insanity to avoid the death penalty. In "Batman Confidential" (#7–12), the character, Jack, is a talented criminal who is bored with his work. He encounters (and becomes obsessed with) Batman during a heist, embarking on a crime spree to attract his attention. After Jack injures Batman's girlfriend, Batman scars Jack's face with a permanent grin and betrays him to a group of

title: Oswald Cobblepot (Gotham)

text: promise of helping to find Hugo Strange to cure him. However, when he learns that Jerome intends to launch an assault on the city he goes to Gordon behind Jerome's back, informing him of Jerome's plans and asking for protection. When Jerome learns of Cobblepot's treachery, he has Tetch and Crane imprison him in a blimp that contains the laughing gas, set to kill thousands of people. Cobblepot overpowers the hypnotized pilot and flies the blimp out of the city toward a nearby river. Following Jerome's death, Cobblepot joins forces with Butch, Tabitha Galavan and Barbara Kean to stop Ra's

title: Under the Knife (Gotham)

text: a manor, they save a butler, Jacob Skolimski (Daniel Davis) from being hanged and discover the corpse of Constance Van Groot. They realize the Ogre is called Jason Skolimski, the son of Jacob and Van Groot, who killed her for not being a good mother. Bruce (David Mazouz) and Selina (Camren Bicondova) continue their investigation in Wayne Enterprises. Accompanied by Barbara, they attend Wayne Enterprises' Charity Ball. While Bruce distracts Sid Bunderslaw (Michael Potts), the director of Physical Operations, Selina steals Bunderslaw's keys to make a copy. Cobblepot (Robin Lord Taylor) is forced to have dinner with Maroni (David Zayas)

title: Batman: Vengeance

text: a tied up Isaac Evers, the apparent mastermind behind the Gasworks plot, who claims he only wanted to burn down Gotham Industrial in order to collect on the insurance money, as he couldn't collect on the damage left by Freeze without revealing his financial backers, particularly the Joker. With the Harlequin of Hate having funded the research with filthy lucre, Evers would be arrested for criminal facilitation and conspiracy if he revealed his affiliation with the notorious criminal and resorted to hiring the Joker's men and using his equipment in order to throw the cops off his trail after burning

title: Jack the Ripper (1988 TV series)

text: letter bearing that name and supposedly from the killer, is forwarded to Scotland Yard. As the Ripper terrorizes London, public outrage erupts throughout the country, and Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren fears that a revolution is in the air in London's East End. There is no shortage of suspects for Abberline and his partner, Sergeant George Godley. These suspects include the American actor Richard Mansfield (appearing in the play "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde" in London); police surgeon Dr Henry Llewellyn; socialist agitator George Lusk; Queen Victoria's clairvoyant Robert Lees; the Queen's grandson Prince Albert Victor; and

title: Jack the Ripper in fiction

text: physician is the murderer. Coincidentally, in both movies, character actor Frank Finlay plays Inspector Lestrade. Part of the conspiracy plotline was followed in the television miniseries "Jack the Ripper" (1988) starring Michael Caine as Inspector Frederick Abberline. In the 1997 film "The Ripper", Samuel West starred as Prince Eddy, who was revealed as the Ripper, and Love Lies Bleeding (1999 film) featured Paul Rhys, Emily Raymond and Faye Dunaway in another film. In 2001, the Hughes Brothers made the comic book "From Hell" into a film of the same name starring Johnny Depp as Abberline. The film again sticks to

title: Gotham by Gaslight


question: who won first ancient olympic 200 yard race

answers: Coroebus of Elis

title: Oebotas of Dyme

text: could be seen in the vicinity of Dyme. Olympic winners of the Stadion race Oebotas of Dyme Oebotas of Dyme, the son of Oenias, was an ancient Greek athlete from Dyme who won the stadion race in the sixth Ancient Olympic Games in 756 BC. The stadion race (about 180 meters) was the only competition in the first 13 Olympiads. He was the first winner from Achaea. A statue in his honour was erected in Olympia. It was customary for Achaeans who were going to compete in the Olympics to make a sacrifice to him. If they were victorious, they

title: Philinus of Cos (athlete)

text: Philinus of Cos (athlete) Philinus of Cos (; 3rd century BC), son of Hegepolis, was an ancient Greek athlete and five times Olympic winner. He was a five-times Olympic winner in the stadion and diaulos running races (akin to the 200m and 400m sprints of modern Olympics). From then he reigned for over a decade in the stadia of Ancient Greece. In the 129th Olympiad in 264 BC he won in both the stadion and the diaulos; he repeated the feat at the 130th Olympiad in 260 BC where he also won in both the stadion and the diaulos. According

title: Oebotas of Dyme

text: Oebotas of Dyme Oebotas of Dyme, the son of Oenias, was an ancient Greek athlete from Dyme who won the stadion race in the sixth Ancient Olympic Games in 756 BC. The stadion race (about 180 meters) was the only competition in the first 13 Olympiads. He was the first winner from Achaea. A statue in his honour was erected in Olympia. It was customary for Achaeans who were going to compete in the Olympics to make a sacrifice to him. If they were victorious, they would lay a wreath at the base of his statue. In addition, Oebotas's tomb

title: Leonidas of Rhodes

text: Leonidas of Rhodes Leonidas of Rhodes (; born ) was one of the most famous ancient Olympic runners. For four consecutive Olympiads (164-152 BCE), he was champion of three foot races. He was hailed with the title "Triastes" (tripler). Leonidas is acclaimed by some to be the greatest sprinter of all time. Competing in the Olympic Games of the 154th Olympiad in , the last of the "golden age" of the ancient Games, Leonidas captured the crown in three separate foot races — the "stadion", the "diaulos", and the "hoplitodromos". He repeated this feat in the next three subsequent Olympics,

text: Holland set the first Olympic record when he won the first heat of the first round in 24.0 seconds. In the final Walter Tewksbury set a new Olympic record with 22.2 seconds. In the first round, there were two heats. The top two runners in each advanced to the final. First round, heat 1 The first heat was an easy win for Holland. First round, heat 2 Rowley beat Tewksbury by about a foot, and neither of the other two runners were close. Tewksbury passed Pritchard in the second half of the race and crossed the finish line 2½ yards

title: Bob Tisdall

text: 1929, a year later setting Greek records in the same event. While at Cambridge in March 1932, he decided to try for a place in the Irish Olympic squad and after he ran 54.2 seconds (a record) for the Irish Championship 440 yards (402 m) hurdles in June that year, the authorities agreed to let him run in his new event at the Los Angeles Olympics, where he also came eighth in the decathlon. In 1928, Ireland, as an independent nation, had won its first Olympic gold medal at Amsterdam with Dr Pat O'Callaghan's unexpected victory in the hammer event.

title: Running in Ancient Greece

text: Olympic Games have been restored with over 12,000 athletes who compete at the Summer and Winter Olympics in 31 different sports and nearly 400 events (Craig 102). Running in Ancient Greece In Ancient Greece, the history of running can be traced back to 776 BC. Running was important to members of ancient Greek society, and is consistently highlighted in documents referencing the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games hosted a large variety of running events, each with their own set of rules. The ancient Greeks developed difficult training programs with specialized trainers in preparation for the Games. The training and competitive

title: 200 metres at the Olympics

text: of Australia, wore a badge for the Olympic Project for Human Rights in solidarity. In addition to the main 1900 Olympic men's 200 metres, a 220-yard dash handicap race was also held. The winner was J. McGann for the United States, who ran an estimated 22.8 seconds with a ten-yard start. Frank Lukeman of Canada was second, also with a ten-yard handicap, and American C. Turner was third with a two-yard handicap. This event is no longer considered part of the official Olympic history of the 200 metres or the athletics programme in general. Consequently, medals from this competition have

title: Thomas Burke (athlete)

text: Thomas Burke (athlete) Thomas Edmund "Tom" Burke (January 15, 1875 – February 14, 1929) was an American sprinter. He was the first Olympic champion in the 100 and 400 meter dash races. Burke, a student at Boston University School of Law, was a reputed runner in the 400 meters and 440 yards, having won the AAU title (440 yards) in 1895. He had no such reputation for the first event he entered in the inaugural modern Olympic Games in Athens, 1896. With many top sprinters absent, Burke surprisingly won the 100 meters. He was also noted for his "crouch start",

title: Stadion (running race)

text: The winner of the stadion in the first Olympic Games was Coroebus of Elis.

title: Arthur Blake (distance runner)

text: US team over to Greece. At the 1896 Olympics, the 1500 meters was run in a single heat, and Blake came in second to Edwin Flack of Australia. The race was a tight one, as Flack and Blake overtook the then-leader, Albin Lermusiaux, in the final straight and ran side-by-side nearly all the way to the finish. Flack proved the quicker, however, and finished in 4:33.2. This was less than a second faster than Blake's time of 4:33.6. He also ran in the final event of the Games, the marathon. Blake, the only American entrant in the race, was in

text: Hahn at first equalized the standing Olympic record in the first heat. In the final he set a new Olympic record with 21.6 seconds. The top two finishers in each heat advanced to the final. Heat 1 Heat 2 Cartmell, Hogenson and Moulton were all penalized one yard for false starts. Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres The men's 200 metres was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second time the 200 metres was contested. All races of this competition was

title: Ancient Olympic Games

text: of foot is honored above all." A third foot race, the "dolichos" ("long race"), was introduced in the next Olympiad. Accounts of the race's distance differ, it seems to have been from twenty to twenty-four laps of the track, around 7.5 km to 9 km, although it may have been lengths rather than laps and thus half as far. The last running event added to the Olympic program was the "hoplitodromos", or "Hoplite race", introduced in 520 BC and traditionally run as the last race of the games. Competitors ran either a single or double "diaulos" (approximately 400 or 800

title: Henry William Evans

text: As a schoolboy he emerged as a talented runner and won the 100 yards at the Public Schools Athletics at Stamford Bridge in 1908, and as a student his successes continued in the 100 yards and 200 yards in the Inter-Hospital Sports between 1909-1911. Evans joined the Artists Rifles Volunteer Corps whilst he was at Guy's and won the Territorial Army 100 yards in 1911. As a result of these successes he was selected as a sprinter in the British Team for the 1912 Summer Olympics but was unable to take up his place because of the pressures of work.

title: Running in Ancient Greece

text: Athens to Sparta and then back to Marathon in 490 BCE. He was sent to gain the help of the Spartans against the attack of the Persian army in Marathon. In 1896, at the first modern Olympics, the very first modern-day marathon was run. To honor the history of Greek running, Greece chose a course that would mimic the route run by Pheidippides. The race course covered . The route started at a bridge in the town of Marathon and ended in the Olympic stadium reference perseus project. Another event in the ancient Olympic Games was the pentathlon. The pentathlon

title: George Simpson (sprinter)

text: won a national title in 1929. George Simpson (sprinter) George Sidney Simpson (September 21, 1908 – December 2, 1961) was an American sprinter. He competed at the 1932 Olympics and won a silver medal in the 200 m, placing fourth in the 100 m event. Simpson was the first to run 100 yards in 9.4 seconds, but because he used starting blocks, the record was never ratified. He won the in both NCAA and AAU in 1930. He was also fourth in the 100 meters at the 1932 Olympics. In 1929 he unofficially equaled the 200 meters World Record 20.6

title: Zappas Olympics

text: on the honor roll of the Wenlock Olympian Society was the Smyrniot Petros Velissariou, who competed at the 1859 Athens Olympic Games in the distance running and who won a prize donated by the Wenlock Olympian Society's Committee. Brookes was the first to propose holding open international Olympics to be held in Athens, as distinct from the revived Greek national Olympics of 1859, 1870 and 1875 which mirrored the Ancient Olympics as they were closed to all but Greek-speaking competitors. Despite his persistent pleas for action to the Greek government, his proposals fell on deaf ears. However, many of the

title: Running in Ancient Greece

text: of foot races in ancient Greece. The standard distance that these races were measured in was the "stade" (where one stadia is approximately 185 meters). The one-stade race was the most prestigious; the mythical founder of the Olympic Games could allegedly run it in one breath. Other running events included a two-stade race, and the "Dolichos", which was a long-distance race that was 20 or 24 stades long, or about two and a half miles. For races longer than one stade, runners would have to turn 180 degrees around a post at each of the two ends of the stadium

title: Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics

text: at an international event. Garrett had attempted to train for the event with a 10 kilogram replica of a discus, but had given up as it was too heavy. When he learned the actual competition discus weighed only 2 kilograms, he entered the event after all, and won it, to the dismay of the Greek public, who considered their throwers "unbeatable". A second event held for the first time in international competition was the marathon foot race. It was conceived by Michel Bréal, a friend of Pierre de Coubertin, based on the legend of Pheidippides. This Athenian soldier first completed

title: Eurybus of Athens

text: uses his Olympic victory to date the accession of Tullus Hostilius as King of Rome after the death of Numa Pompilius. Olympic winners of the Stadion race Eurybus of Athens Eurybus of Athens () was an ancient Greek athlete listed by Eusebius of Caesarea as a victor in the stadion race of the 27th Olympiad (672 BC). His name is also referred as "Eurybates" or "Eurybotos" and possibly "Eurybotas" elsewhere in Pausanias, both of the latter two have been anglicised to "Eurybotus" by editors, although elsewhere the distinction is preserved. He was the second winner from Athens preceded only by

title: Ergoteles of Himera

text: in 1953. Pindar honoured Ergoteles with the following Epinikion hymn: The "Ergotelis" multi-sport club established in 1929 in Heraklion, Crete, was named after Ergoteles, in commemoration of the first Olympic champion native to the modern Heraklion prefecture. Ergoteles of Himera Ergoteles () was a native of Knossos and Olympic runner in the Ancient Olympic Games. Civil disorder (ancient Greek: Stasis) had compelled him to leave Crete. He came to Sicily and was naturalized as a citizen of Himera. He won the Olympic dolichos (running race) of 472 BC and 464 BC, as well as winning twice in both Pythian and

text: clear of the field, with Pritchard half a yard ahead of Rowley, and Rowley six inches ahead of Holland, who was the slowest in the final despite improving upon his time by over a second. Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres The men's 200 metres was a sprinting event on the athletics programme at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was held on July 22, 1900, well after most of the rest of the athletics events. The 1900 Games were the first time the 200 metres was contested. The races were held on a track

text: Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres The men's 200 metre race was held for the third time at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. The competition was held from 21 to 23 July 1908. 43 sprinters from 15 nations competed. These were the standing world and Olympic records (in seconds) prior to the 1908 Summer Olympics. "(*)" unofficial 220 yards (= 201.17 m) "(**)" straight course The winner of each heat advanced, with all others eliminated. Heats were held on 21 July 1908. Heat 1 George led by ten yards when he crossed the finish line.

title: Harry Kane (hurdler)

text: in the 200 meter hurdles, with a time of 25.3 seconds, while winning the 400 meter hurdles. In his early athletics career, in May 1949, Kane finished runner up in two flat races in an athletics competition held in Victoria Park, Bethnal Green. Kane finished second in the 220yds sprint to Ivor Baylin and Kane finished second to Dove in the 440yds race. Ref: Oxford & St. Georges Senior Club 'Snippets' 14 May 1949, written by Eddie Summers; report by athletics captain Alf Wilkins. Harry Kane (hurdler) Harry Kane (born 24 May 1933) is a British former Olympic hurdler. Kane

title: Leonidas of Rhodes

text: in , in , and finally in at the age of 36. Leonidas's lifetime record of twelve individual Olympic victory wreaths was unmatched in the ancient world. His number of victories are a testament to his versatility as a runner. Philostratus the Athenian wrote in his "Gymnastikos" that Leonidas made all previous theories of runners' training and body types obsolete. The "stadion" and the "diaulos", foot races of some 200 and 400 meters respectively, were best suited to sprinters, while the "hoplitodromos" (a "diaulos" performed with bronze armor and shield) required more muscular strength and endurance. Leonidas of Rhodes Leonidas

title: Chionis of Sparta

text: Chionis of Sparta Chionis of Sparta (; Greek "Χίονις"), or Chionis of Laconia, was an athlete of ancient Greece listed by Eusebius of Caesarea as three times victor in the stadion race of the 29th, 30th and 31st Olympiad (664-656 BC). The first to win the stadion three times in a row, he was also notable for his jumping records in the ancient Olympic Games. Records suggest that in the 656 BC Olympics Chionis jumped a then record of 7 meters and 5 centimetres. If accurate, such a record would have won Chionis the inaugural Olympic title of the modern

title: Running in Ancient Greece

text: (Flaceliere 106). In the Olympics, there was a race in armor, the "Hoplitodromos", which reflected the games' origins as a means of training for warfare. The torch-relay race was added to entertain the crowds. This event was run the night before the ancient Olympic Games began (Olympic Sports - Foot Races). Today we honor this tradition with the Olympic torch. One event that was not ever in the ancient Olympic Games is the marathon. What is called a marathon today gets its name from the distance covered by the runner Pheidippides over the course of three to four days from

title: Jack London (athlete)

text: Canadian Percy Williams. He then won the bronze medal in the 4×100 metres relay with his teammates Cyril Gill, Edward Smouha and Walter Rangeley, behind the teams of the USA and Germany. He was the first to use starting blocks at the Olympic Games. He was awarded the Polytechnic Harriers's S. A. Mussabini memorial medal (Mussabini having died in 1927) and the Studd Trophy in 1928. He was later coached by Albert Hill. In July 1929, he became the first British sprinter to win the Amateur Athletic Association's 100 yards title since Harold Abrahams in 1924. He was also a

title: Olympic Games

text: that after Heracles completed his twelve labours, he built the Olympic Stadium as an honour to Zeus. Following its completion, he walked in a straight line for 200 steps and called this distance a "stadion" (, Latin: "stadium", "stage"), which later became a unit of distance. The most widely accepted inception date for the Ancient Olympics is 776 BC; this is based on inscriptions, found at Olympia, listing the winners of a footrace held every four years starting in 776 BC. The Ancient Games featured running events, a pentathlon (consisting of a jumping event, discus and javelin throws, a foot

title: Guy Butler (athlete)

text: won the silver medal in the individual 400 m and anchored the British 4 × 400 m relay team to a gold medal in 3:22.2. At the 1924 Summer Olympics, he won bronze in the 400 m and again anchored the British 4 × 400 m relay team, this time winning bronze in 3:17.4. In 1928 he became the first British track and field athlete to compete in three Olympics; he reached a 200 m quarterfinal, and retired shortly thereafter. Butler won the British AAA Championships in in 1919 and in in 1926. He also ran the world record of

title: Stadion (running race)