question: where does sound travel fastest solid liquid or gas

answers: solids

title: Speed of sound

text: fluid dynamics, the speed of sound in a fluid medium (gas or liquid) is used as a relative measure for the speed of an object moving through the medium. The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the fluid is called the object's Mach number. Objects moving at speeds greater than "" are said to be traveling at supersonic speeds. Sir Isaac Newton computed the speed of sound in air as , which is too low by about 15%. Newton's analysis was good save for neglecting the (then unknown) effect of rapidly-fluctuating temperature in

title: Speed of sound

text: as helium, sound propagates faster as compared to heavier gases such as xenon. For monatomic gases, the speed of sound is about 75% of the mean speed that the atoms move in that gas. For a given ideal gas the molecular composition is fixed, and thus the speed of sound depends only on its temperature. At a constant temperature, the gas pressure has no effect on the speed of sound, since the density will increase, and since pressure and density (also proportional to pressure) have equal but opposite effects on the speed of sound, and the two contributions cancel out

title: Liquid

text: a viscoelastic medium that shows both the elasticity of a solid and the fluidity of a liquid, depending on the time scale of observation or on the frequency of perturbation. The speed of sound in a fluid is given by formula_4 where "K" is the bulk modulus of the fluid, and "ρ" the density. To give a typical value, in fresh water "c"=1497 m/s at 25 °C. At a temperature below the boiling point, any matter in liquid form will evaporate until the condensation of gas above reach an equilibrium. At this point the gas will condense at the same

title: Speed of sound

text: the speed of sound in a fluid is given by where "K" is the bulk modulus of the fluid. In fresh water, sound travels at about at (see the External Links section below for online calculators). Applications of underwater sound can be found in sonar, acoustic communication and acoustical oceanography. In salt water that is free of air bubbles or suspended sediment, sound travels at about ( at , 10°C and 3% salinity by one method). The speed of sound in seawater depends on pressure (hence depth), temperature (a change of ~ ), and salinity (a change of 1‰ ~

title: Compressible flow

text: speed of sound is the same in all directions in a uniform fluid, so these waves are simply concentric spheres. As the sound-generating point begins to accelerate, the sound waves "bunch up" in the direction of motion and "stretch out" in the opposite direction. When the point reaches sonic speed (M = 1), it travels at the same speed as the sound waves it creates. Therefore, an infinite number of these sound waves "pile up" ahead of the point, forming a Shock wave. Upon achieving supersonic flow, the particle is moving so fast that it continuously leaves its sound waves

title: Speed of sound

text: Speed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per second (1,234.8 km/h; 1,125 ft/s; 767 mph; 667 kn), or a kilometre in or a mile in . It depends strongly on temperature, but also varies by several meters per second due to which gases are present. The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure

title: Speed of sound

text: speed of sound of a monatomic gas goes up by a factor of This gives the 9% difference, and would be a typical ratio for speeds of sound at room temperature in helium vs. deuterium, each with a molecular weight of 4. Sound travels faster in helium than deuterium because adiabatic compression heats helium more since the helium molecules can store heat energy from compression only in translation, but not rotation. Thus helium molecules (monatomic molecules) travel faster in a sound wave and transmit sound faster. (Sound travels at about 70% of the mean molecular speed in gases; the figure

title: Sound

text: space. Note that the particles of the medium do not travel with the sound wave. This is intuitively obvious for a solid, and the same is true for liquids and gases (that is, the vibrations of particles in the gas or liquid transport the vibrations, while the "average" position of the particles over time does not change). During propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated by the medium. The behavior of sound propagation is generally affected by three things: When sound is moving through a medium that does not have constant physical properties, it may be refracted (either dispersed

title: Sound

text: the Newton–Laplace equation. In this equation, "K" is the elastic bulk modulus, "c" is the velocity of sound, and formula_7 is the density. Thus, the speed of sound is proportional to the square root of the ratio of the bulk modulus of the medium to its density. Those physical properties and the speed of sound change with ambient conditions. For example, the speed of sound in gases depends on temperature. In air at sea level, the speed of sound is approximately using the formula . In fresh water, also at 20 °C, the speed of sound is approximately . In

title: Speed of sound

title: Liquid

text: as a linear medium, so that sound propagates without dissipation and without mode coupling. In reality, any liquid shows some dispersion: with increasing frequency, "K" crosses over from the low-frequency, liquid-like limit formula_6 to the high-frequency, solid-like limit formula_7. In normal liquids, most of this cross over takes place at frequencies between GHz and THz, sometimes called hypersound. At sub-GHz frequencies, a normal liquid cannot sustain shear waves: the zero-frequency limit of the shear modulus is formula_8. This is sometimes seen as the defining property of a liquid. However, just as the bulk modulus "K", the shear modulus "G" is

title: Speed of sound

text: accurate over a wide range of conditions, but are far more complicated, e.g., that by V. A. Del Grosso and the Chen-Millero-Li Equation. The speed of sound in a plasma for the common case that the electrons are hotter than the ions (but not too much hotter) is given by the formula (see here) where In contrast to a gas, the pressure and the density are provided by separate species, the pressure by the electrons and the density by the ions. The two are coupled through a fluctuating electric field. When sound spreads out evenly in all directions in three

title: Speed of sound

text: The standard equations for the speed of sound apply with reasonable accuracy only to situations in which the wavelength of the soundwave is considerably longer than the mean free path of molecules in a gas. The molecular composition of the gas contributes both as the mass (M) of the molecules, and their heat capacities, and so both have an influence on speed of sound. In general, at the same molecular mass, monatomic gases have slightly higher speed of sound (over 9% higher) because they have a higher "γ" (...) than diatomics do (). Thus, at the same molecular mass, the

title: Gas meter

text: the speed at which sound travels in the gaseous medium within the pipe. American Gas Association Report No. 9 covers the proper usage and installation of these meters, and it specifies a standardised speed-of-sound calculation which predicts the speed of sound in a gas with a known pressure, temperature, and composition. The most elaborate types of ultrasonic flow meters average speed of sound over multiple paths in the pipe. The length of each path is precisely measured in the factory. Each path consists of an ultrasonic transducer at one end and a sensor at the other. The meter creates a

title: Hot chocolate effect

text: in the liquid and the frequency increases. The phenomenon is explained by the effect of bubble density on the speed of sound in the liquid. The note heard is the frequency of a standing wave where a quarter wavelength is the distance between the base of the mug and the liquid surface. This frequency "f" is equal to the speed "v" of the wave divided by four times the height of the water column h: The speed of sound "v" in a homogeneous liquid or gas is dependent on the fluid's mass density (formula_2) and Adiabatic Bulk modulus (formula_3), according

title: Rocket engine

text: the speed of sound in air is about 340 m/s while the speed of sound in the hot gas of a rocket engine can be over 1700 m/s; much of this performance is due to the higher temperature, but additionally rocket propellants are chosen to be of low molecular mass, and this also gives a higher velocity compared to air. Expansion in the rocket nozzle then further multiplies the speed, typically between 1.5 and 2 times, giving a highly collimated hypersonic exhaust jet. The speed increase of a rocket nozzle is mostly determined by its area expansion ratio—the ratio of

title: Water

text: poise at , and the speed of sound in liquid water ranges between depending on temperature. Sound travels long distances in water with little attenuation, especially at low frequencies (roughly 0.03 dB/km for 1 kHz), a property that is exploited by cetaceans and humans for communication and environment sensing (sonar). Metallic elements which are more electropositive than hydrogen such as lithium, sodium, calcium, potassium and caesium displace hydrogen from water, forming hydroxides and releasing hydrogen. At high temperatures, carbon reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide. Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the

title: Speed of sound

text: of glass or optical fiber. Thus, the sound is confined in essentially two dimensions. In two dimensions the intensity drops in proportion to only the inverse of the distance. This allows waves to travel much further before being undetectably faint. A similar effect occurs in the atmosphere. Project Mogul successfully used this effect to detect a nuclear explosion at a considerable distance. Speed of sound The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about 343 meters per

title: Speed of sound

text: with the stiffness (the resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force) of the material and decreases with an increase in density. For ideal gases, the bulk modulus "K" is simply the gas pressure multiplied by the dimensionless adiabatic index, which is about 1.4 for air under normal conditions of pressure and temperature. For general equations of state, if classical mechanics is used, the speed of sound "c" is given by where If relativistic effects are important, the speed of sound is calculated from the relativistic Euler equations. In a non-dispersive medium, the speed of sound is

title: Jeans instability

text: gaseous sound speed formula_10. The gas is compressed slightly and it takes a time for sound waves to cross the region and attempt to push back and re-establish the system in pressure balance. At the same time, gravity will attempt to contract the system even further, and will do so on a free-fall time, where formula_6 is the universal gravitational constant, formula_14 is the gas density within the region, and formula_15 is the gas number density for mean mass per particle (formula_16 g is appropriate for molecular hydrogen with 20% helium by number). When the sound-crossing time is less than

title: Compressible flow

text: Mach angle. Above about Mach 5, these wave angles grow so small that a different mathematical approach is required, defining the Hypersonic speed regime. Finally, at speeds comparable to that of planetary atmospheric entry from orbit, in the range of several km/s, the speed of sound is now comparatively so slow that it is once again mathematically ignored in the Hypervelocity regime. As an object accelerates from subsonic toward supersonic speed in a gas, different types of wave phenomena occur. To illustrate these changes, the next figure shows a stationary point (M = 0) that emits symmetric sound waves. The

title: Solid nitrogen

text: is given by 2×10"T" − 0.0002"T" + 0.006 K. The index of refraction at 6328 Å is 1.25 and hardly varies with temperature. The speed of sound in solid nitrogen is 1452 m/s at 20 K and 1222 m/s at 44 K. The longitudinal velocity ranges from 1850 m/s at 5 K to 1700 m/s at 35 K. With temperature rise the nitrogen changes phase and the longitudinal velocity drops rapidly over a small temperature range to below 1600 m/s and then it slowly drops to 1400 m/s near the melting point. The transverse velocity is much lower ranging from

title: Sound particle

text: Sound particle In the context of particle displacement and velocity, a sound particle is an imaginary infinitesimal volume of a medium that shares the movement of the medium in response to the presence of sound at a specified point or in a specified region. Sound particles are not molecules in the physical or chemical sense; they do not have defined physical or chemical properties, or the temperature-dependent kinetic behaviour of ordinary molecules. Sound particles are, then, indefinitely small (small compared to the wavelength of sound) so that their movement truly represents the movement of the medium in their locality. They

title: Gas meter

text: 'ping' with the transducer and measures the time elapsed before the sensor receives the sonic pulse. Some of these paths point upstream so that the sum of the times of flight of the sonic pulses can be divided by the sum of the flight lengths to provide an average speed of sound in the upstream direction. This speed differs from the speed of sound in the gas by the velocity at which the gas is moving in the pipe. The other paths may be identical or similar, except that the sound pulses travel downstream. The meter then compares the difference

title: Shaped charge

text: depends on bulk sound velocity in the liner material, the time to particulation is dependent on the ductility of the material. The maximum achievable jet velocity is roughly 2.34 times the sound velocity in the material. The speed can reach 10 km/s, peaking some 40 microseconds after detonation; the cone tip is subjected to acceleration of about 25 million g. The jet tail reaches about 2–5 km/s. The pressure between the jet tip and the target can reach one terapascal. The immense pressure makes the metal flow like a liquid, though x-ray diffraction has shown the metal stays solid; one

title: Light-gas gun

text: diminishing amounts as the projectiles speed increases. The speed of sound in helium is about three times that in air, and in hydrogen 3.8 times that in air. The speed of sound also increases with the temperature of the fluid (but is independent of the pressure), so the heat formed by the compression of the working fluid serves to increase the maximum possible speed. Spring piston airguns increase the temperature of the air in the chamber by adiabatic heating; this raises the local speed of sound enough to overcome frictional and other efficiency losses and propel the projectile at more

title: Liquid sound

text: fast as through the air. Due to its higher speed, the sound seems to be coming from everywhere. "Liquid Sound combines the knowledge of modern medicine: relaxation techniques, mind technology, balneotherapy, with art (music and architecture), and bathing pleasure (whirlpools, steambaths, sauna landscapes, inhaling, sun parlors, restaurants, etc.)" However, no therapeutic benefits have as yet been proven. Liquid sound Liquid Sound is a method of attaining underwater sound reproduction of music or meditative sonorities in swimming pools, combined with lighting effects. It is also an official trademark belonging to its inventor Micky Remann, a writer and musician living in Frankfurt

title: Speed of sound

text: for the molar gas constant in J/mole/Kelvin, and for the mean molar mass of air, in kg; and using the ideal diatomic gas value of , we have Finally, Taylor expansion of the remaining square root in formula_4 yields The above derivation includes the first two equations given in the "Practical formula for dry air" section above. The speed of sound varies with temperature. Since temperature and sound velocity normally decrease with increasing altitude, sound is refracted upward, away from listeners on the ground, creating an acoustic shadow at some distance from the source. Wind shear of 4 m/(s ·

title: Light-gas gun

text: thermodynamic analysis suggests that the muzzle velocity is limited to the speed of sound. However, beyond the speed of sound, the kinetic theory of gases, which determines the speed of sound, provides a more detailed analysis in terms of the gas particles that comprise the working fluid. Kinetic theory indicates that the velocity of the gas particles is Maxwell-Boltzmann distributed, with the velocity of a large fraction of the particles exceeding the speed of sound in the gas. That fraction of the gas can continue to apply pressure to and therefore accelerate the projectile beyond the speed of sound in

title: Particle velocity

text: is travelling as it passes. Particle velocity should not be confused with the speed of the wave as it passes through the medium, i.e. in the case of a sound wave, particle velocity is not the same as the speed of sound. The wave moves relatively fast, while the particles oscillate around their original position with a relatively small particle velocity. Particle velocity should also not be confused with the velocity of individual molecules. In applications involving sound, the particle velocity is usually measured using a logarithmic decibel scale called particle velocity level. Mostly pressure sensors (microphones) are used to

title: Speed of sound

long_answer: In common everyday speech, speed of sound refers to the speed of sound waves in air. However, the speed of sound varies from substance to substance: sound travels most slowly in gases; it travels faster in liquids; and faster still in solids. For example, (as noted above), sound travels at 343 m/s in air; it travels at 1,484 m/s in water (4.3 times as fast as in air); and at 5,120 m/s in iron (about 15 times as fast as in air). In an exceptionally stiff material such as diamond, sound travels at 12,000 metres per second (26,843 mph); (about 35 times as fast as in air) which is around the maximum speed that sound will travel under normal conditions.


question: what is the top speed of thrust ssc

answers: 1,228 km/h

title: ThrustSSC

text: ThrustSSC ThrustSSC, Thrust SSC or Thrust supersonic car is a British jet-propelled car developed by Richard Noble, Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers, Reece Liebenberg, Joshua Hambury and Jeremy Bliss. Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record, set on 15 October 1997, when it achieved a speed of and became the first land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier. Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. As part of the Museum's redevelopment project, both cars were relocated by specialist haulier from their position in the Museum's Spirit of Speed Gallery to the

title: Supersonic transport

text: high jet velocities used during take-off, and even more importantly flying over communities near the airport. SST engines need a fairly high specific thrust (net thrust/airflow) during supersonic cruise, to minimize engine cross-sectional area and, thereby, nacelle drag. Unfortunately this implies a high jet velocity, which makes the engines noisy which causes problems particularly at low speeds/altitudes and at take-off. Therefore, a future SST might well benefit from a variable cycle engine, where the specific thrust (and therefore jet velocity and noise) is low at take-off, but is forced high during supersonic cruise. Transition between the two modes would occur

title: Thrust-specific fuel consumption

text: indicated by a simplistic look at the table below. SFC varies with throttle setting,altitude and climate. For jet engines, flight speed also has a significant effect upon SFC; SFC is roughly proportional to air speed (actually exhaust velocity), but speed along the ground is also proportional to air speed. Since work done is force times distance, mechanical power is force times speed. Thus, although the nominal SFC is a useful measure of fuel efficiency, it should be divided by speed to get a way to compare engines that fly at different speeds. For example, Concorde cruised at 1354 mph, or

title: Ship-to-Shore Connector

text: in spare parts storage to those ships that will operate both the aircraft and the hovercraft. Top speed will be . A simpler and more efficient drive train using one gearbox is on each side for less parts and maintenance and higher reliability. The SSC has a designed lifetime of 30 years. The 10th SSC to be delivered will have the capability to launch vehicles into the water rather than need to go all the way to the beach, after which that ability will be retrofitted to the previous nine vessels. Ship-to-Shore Connector The Ship-to-Shore Connector (SSC) is a system

title: Tupolev Tu-144

text: the Myasischev SST had shown that a cruise specific fuel consumption (SFC) of not more than 1.2 kg/kgp hr would be required. The only engine available in time with the required thrust and suitable for testing and perfecting the aircraft was the afterburning Kuznetsov NK-144 turbofan with a cruise SFC of 1.58 kg/kgp hr. Development of an alternative engine to meet the SFC requirement, a non-afterburning turbojet, the Kolesov RD-36-51A, began in 1964. It took a long time for this engine to achieve acceptable SFC and reliability. In the meantime the NK-144 high SFC gave a limited range of about

title: SSC Aero

text: in anticipation of the SSC Ultimate Aero production vehicle. Wind tunnel testing indicated that the Ultimate Aero could theoretically reach a top speed of given appropriate transmission gear ratios, although the supplied transmission would result in at the car's redline. The base Aero, however, had a theoretical top speed of about . The Ultimate Aero accelerates from 0–96 km/h in 2.78 seconds, slower than the Bugatti Veyron which achieves 0–96 km/h in 2.46 seconds partially due to its AWD drivetrain. Styling of the Aero includes the use of butterfly doors similar to those found on the McLaren F1 and Enzo

title: SSC Aero

text: for the fastest production car, after it was officially timed at in Washington. For 2008, the Ultimate Aero received four updates: In 2009, SSC updated the Ultimate Aero TT, with the new version having an increase in power of 15% over the older model. SSC predicts a top speed of over is possible. In order to prevent the engine from overheating, airflow to the engine has been increased 20% with new carbon fiber louvers. The nose has been redesigned to make the car more aerodynamic, and the interior has been redesigned. The new Aero also has a new AeroBrake system,

title: ThrustSSC

text: released the following message: The complete run history is available. In 1983 Richard Noble had broken the world land speed record with his earlier car Thrust2, which reached a speed of 1,019 km/h (633 mph). The date of Andy Green's record came exactly a half century and one day after Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in Earth's atmosphere, with the Bell X-1 research rocket plane on 14 October 1947. Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. Thrust SSC is housed in a barrel-roofed hall. Visitors can board the pit trailer from

title: Thrust-specific fuel consumption

text: 7.15 million feet per hour, with its engines giving an SFC of 1.195 lb/(lbf·h) (see below); this means the engines transferred 5.98 million foot pounds per pound of fuel (17.9 MJ/kg), equivalent to an SFC of 0.50 lb/(lbf·h) for a subsonic aircraft flying at 570 mph, which would be better than even modern engines; the Olympus 593 used in the Concorde was the world's most efficient jet engine. However, Concorde ultimately has a heavier airframe and, due to being supersonic, is less aerodynamically efficient, i.e., the lift to drag ratio is far lower. In general, the total fuel burn of

title: ThrustSSC

text: Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record, set on 15 October 1997, when it achieved a speed of 1,228 km/h (763 mph) and became the first land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier.

title: Specific thrust

text: level, and to achieve low fuel consumption, because a low specific thrust helps to improve specific fuel consumption (SFC). This low specific thrust is usually achieved with a high bypass ratio. Additionally a low specific thrust implies that the engine is relatively large in diameter, for the net thrust it generates. Consequently, such aircraft engines are normally located externally, in a separate nacelle or pod, attached to the wing, or the rear fuselage. By contrast, military turbofans often feature fairly high specific thrust (45-110 lbf/(lb/s)), which keeps the cross-sectional area of the engine low to more easily accommodate a narrow

title: Jet engine performance

text: constant above 11,000 m (36,089 ft) altitude, at a fixed non-dimensional point the Husk plot would yield no change in SFC with increasing altitude. In reality, there would be a small, steady, increase in SFC, owing to the falling Reynolds number. The nominal net thrust quoted for a jet engine usually refers to the Sea Level Static (SLS) condition, either for the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or a hot day condition (e.g. ISA+10 °C). As an example, the GE90-76B has a take-off static thrust of 76,000 lbf (360 kN) at SLS, ISA+15 °C. Naturally, net thrust will decrease with altitude,

title: SSC Aero

text: which is a spoiler that rises up to when the brake is pressed. This updated model reached a top speed of in a test, according to SSC. In 2009, SSC announced that they would be commencing production of the Ultimate Aero EV, an electrically-powered version of the Ultimate Aero. This car featured twin electric motors, claimed to be capable of producing , and of torque, which was transmitted through a three-speed automatic transmission. SSC claimed that the car would be able to accelerate from in 2.5 seconds, and reach a top speed of . However, the car never entered production.

title: SSC North America

text: of 1350 hp and a maximum output of 1700 hp. 2012 - Shelby SuperCars changes their name to SSC North America as a result of a settlement with Carroll Shelby Licensing and Carroll Shelby International. August 2012 - SSC announces a special edition of the SSC Ultimate Aero called XT. With the new SSC Tuatara on its way, SSC is retiring the SSC Ultimate Aero ending its production with a limited special edition. To celebrate its run SSC is launching the final special edition named SSC Ultimate Aero XT. The car will be built in a limited run of just

title: Eurojet EJ200

text: compared in detail and GE Aviation was declared as the lower bidder. On 20 January 2015 ASELSAN of Turkey and Eurojet Turbo GmbH signed a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate on the EJ200 military turbofan engine programme. It is envisaged that the collaboration would produce a derivative of the EJ200 with thrust vectoring for use in Turkey's TFX 5th generation air superiority fighter programme. An EJ200 engine, together with a rocket engine, will power the Bloodhound SSC for an attempt at the land speed record. The target speed is at least 1000 mph. Stage 1: Stage 2: Eurojet EJ200 The

title: Specific thrust

text: Specific thrust Specific thrust is the thrust per unit air mass flowrate of a jet engine (e.g. turbojet, turbofan, etc.) and can be calculated by the ratio of net thrust/total intake airflow. Low specific thrust engines tend to be more efficient of propellant (at subsonic speeds), but also have a lower effective exhaust velocity and lower maximum airspeed. Engines considered to have high specific thrust are mostly used for supersonic speeds, and extremely high specific thrust engines can achieve hypersonic speeds. A modern civil turbofan has a low specific thrust (~30 lbf/(lb/s)) to keep the jet noise at an acceptable

title: Williams FJ44

text: consumption at 1900 lbf (8.45 kN) thrust at SLS, ISA is understood to be 0.456 lb/(hr lbf). A derated version, the 1500 lbf (6.67 kN) thrust FJ44-1C has an SFC of 0.460 lb/(hr lbf). An uprated version, the 2300 lbf (10.23 kN) thrust FJ44-2A, was introduced in 1997. It has a larger 21.7 in (551 mm) diameter fan, with two additional booster stages to increase core flow. Owing to stressing considerations, the centrifugal compressor is throttled-back aerodynamically to a lower HPC pressure ratio than the -1. Other features include an exhaust mixer and an electronic fuel control unit. The 2400

title: Jet engine performance

text: performance (e.g. compressor efficiency). When plotted, the resultant curve is known as a thrust/SFC loop. A family of these curves can be generated at Sea Level, Standard Day, conditions over a range of flight speeds. A Husk Plot (RHS) can be developed using this family of curves. The net thrust scale is simply relabeled formula_150, where formula_151 is relative ambient pressure, whilst the SFC scale is relabeled formula_152, where formula_153 is relative ambient temperature. The resulting plot can be used to estimate engine net thrust and SFC at any altitude, flight speed and climate for a range of throttle setting.

title: Bloodhound SSC

text: Bloodhound SSC Bloodhound SSC is a British supersonic land vehicle. Its goal is to match or exceed , achieving a new world land speed record. The pencil-shaped car, powered by a jet engine and a rocket engine, is designed to reach . It is being developed and built with the intention of breaking the land speed record by 33 per cent, the largest ever margin. Runway testing of up to occurred on 26, 28 and 30 October 2017 in Newquay, Cornwall. Bloodhound SSC will then be tested on the Hakskeen Pan in the Mier area of the Northern Cape, South

title: Supersonic speed

text: Africa with the Bloodhound SSC hybrid jet- and rocket-propelled car. Supersonic aerodynamics is simpler than subsonic aerodynamics because the airsheets at different points along the plane often cannot affect each other. Supersonic jets and rocket vehicles require several times greater thrust to push through the extra aerodynamic drag experienced within the transonic region (around Mach 0.85–1.2). At these speeds aerospace engineers can gently guide air around the fuselage of the aircraft without producing new shock waves, but any change in cross area farther down the vehicle leads to shock waves along the body. Designers use the Supersonic area rule and

title: Thrust

text: a jet engine is determined from its thrust as follows. Power is the force (F) it takes to move something over some distance (d) divided by the time (t) it takes to move that distance: In case of a rocket or a jet aircraft, the force is exactly the thrust (T) produced by the engine. If the rocket or aircraft is moving at about a constant speed, then distance divided by time is just speed, so power is thrust times speed: This formula looks very surprising, but it is correct: the "propulsive power" (or "power available" ) of a jet

title: Thrust-specific fuel consumption

text: a complete aircraft is of far more importance to the customer. The following table gives the efficiency for several engines when running at 80% throttle, which is approximately what is used in cruising, giving a minimum SFC. The efficiency is the amount of power propelling the plane divided by the rate of energy consumption. Since the power equals thrust times speed, the efficiency is given by where V is speed and h is the energy content per unit mass of fuel (probably the lower heating value is used here). Thrust-specific fuel consumption Thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) is the fuel efficiency

title: Jet engine performance

text: Selecting a point on the plot, net thrust is calculated as follows: formula_154 Clearly, net thrust falls with altitude, because of the decrease in ambient pressure. The corresponding SFC is calculated as follows: formula_155 At a given point on the Husk Plot, SFC falls with decreasing ambient temperature (e.g. increasing altitude or colder climate).The basic reason why SFC increases with flight speed is the implied increase in ram drag. Although a Husk Plot is a concise way of summarizing the performance of a jet engine, the predictions obtained at altitude will be slightly optimistic. For instance, because ambient temperature remains

title: Thrust vectoring

text: Thrust vectoring Thrust vectoring, also thrust vector control or TVC, is the ability of an aircraft, rocket, or other vehicle to manipulate the direction of the thrust from its engine(s) or motor(s) in order to control the attitude or angular velocity of the vehicle. In rocketry and ballistic missiles that fly outside the atmosphere, aerodynamic control surfaces are ineffective, so thrust vectoring is the primary means of attitude control. For aircraft, the method was originally envisaged to provide upward vertical thrust as a means to give aircraft vertical (VTOL) or short (STOL) takeoff and landing ability. Subsequently, it was realized

title: Aviadvigatel PS-90

text: has the same thrust rating as the PS-90A, 16000 kgf (157 kN, 35,300 lbf) thrust. It is also capable of 18000 kgf (176 kN, 39,600 lbf) thrust. Future American involvement in engine development has been put in doubt after unwelcome attempts to block sale of PS-90A2 engines to a major Iranian customer for the type. This is a version of the PS-90A2 intended for the Beriev A-42 search and rescue aircraft. According to the manufacturer, it is a modification of the PS-90A2. It was certified in January 2011 and intended to power the Tupolev Tu-204SM aircraft. It is unclear whether

title: SS.12/AS.12

text: other is a sustainer motor that burns for 28 seconds. The booster motor exhausts through two nozzles on the sides near the trailing edge of the wings and the sustainer motor exhaust is located in the missile rear at the centre. The wings are positioned at an angle of one degree to the direction of flight so that the missile spins, giving it stability. Two rearward-facing flares, which ignite on launch, make the missile more visible to the operator during flight. The two flares are mounted on the opposite side of the booster nozzles between the wings so as not

title: Supersonic transport

text: of sound, as the aircraft is using twice the thrust to travel at about the same speed. The "relative" effect is reduced as the aircraft accelerates to higher speeds. Offsetting this increase in fuel use was the potential to greatly increase sortie rates of the aircraft, at least on medium and long-range flights where the aircraft spends a considerable amount of time in cruise. SST designs flying at least three times as fast as existing subsonic transports were possible, and would thus be able to replace as many as three planes in service, and thereby lower costs in terms of

title: Thrust

text: or not. Now, imagine the strong chain is broken, and the jet and the piston aircraft start to move. At low speeds: The piston engine will have constant 100% power, and the propeller's thrust will vary with speed The jet engine will have constant 100% thrust, and the engine's power will vary with speed If a powered aircraft is generating thrust T and experiencing drag D, the difference between the two, T − D, is termed the excess thrust. The instantaneous performance of the aircraft is mostly dependent on the excess thrust. Excess thrust is a vector and is determined

title: SSC North America

text: is complete 2018 - SSC North America announces release of 2019 SSC Tuatara at Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. The first prototype SSC Ultimate Aero was completed in 2004. The two original prototypes were equipped with a supercharged 377.6 cu in (6,188 cc) Chevrolet Corvette C5R V8 engine. The supercharged engines originally produced 782 horsepower but were eventually modified to produce up to 908 horsepower with theoretical top speeds of up to 242 mph (390 km/h). Following the original two prototypes, SSC replaced the supercharged engine with a new twin-turbo V8 that eventually produced 1,287 horsepower. The twin-turbo setup can be

title: SSC North America

text: found in the majority of the SSC Ultimate Aero's produced. On September 13, 2007 the Ultimate Aero became the world's fastest production car as certified by Guinness World Records with a top speed of 256.18 mph averaged over two runs in opposite directions. In 2013, SSC North America announced they were going to produce a limited number of SSC Ultimate Aero XT's. This vehicle was an upgraded Ultimate Aero and included many features from the Tuatara. These features include a 1,300 horsepower version of the Tuatara twin-turbo charged V8, a 7-speed Tuatara paddle shifter transmission, and upgrade cooling, fuel, and

title: ThrustSSC


question: who was president when the panama canal was built

answers: Theodore Roosevelt

answers: President Theodore Roosevelt

title: Omar Torrijos

text: Panama Canal. The two treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. On December 31, 1999, the final phase of the treaty, the US relinquished control of the Panama Canal and all areas in what had been the Panama Canal Zone. His son Martín Torrijos was elected president and served from 2004 to 2009. Torrijos was born in Santiago in the province of Veraguas, the sixth of eleven children. His father, José Maria Torrijos, was originally from Colombia, and was employed as

title: Italians in Panama

text: route for the construction of the Canal and in his studies recommended the route of the isthmus of Panama over the routes suggested by the isthmus of Tehuantepec and Nicaragua. During the isthmus canal project and construction continued to arrive eminent Italians from scientists, artists, priests and merchants, to craftsmen and laborers. They founded families whose descendants were quickly integrated the dynamic process of formation of the Panamanian nationality. One was elected President of Panama in 1949 and 1960: Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón (March 2, 1905 in Panama City – March 1, 1981) was the President of Panama in 1949

title: Goethals Monument

text: from which the waters of Gatun Lake reach the oceans. Goethals Monument The Goethals Monument in Panama City, Panama was constructed in honor of George Washington Goethals the chief engineer of the Panama Canal and United States Army General. He also was the and the Acting Quartermaster General of the United States Army in WWI. It was designed by Alfred P. Shaw of Chicago and was built by the "Martinz de Panamá" construction company. The monument is a white Vermont marble construction and was revealed to the public on March 31, 1954. Its central high part symbolizes the Continental Divide

title: Florencio Harmodio Arosemena

text: Arias Feraud and Juana Velásquez Rodriguez. August 30, 1945 died. Florencio Harmodio Arosemena Florencio Harmodio Arosemena Guillén (17 September 1872, Panama City – 30 August 1945, Manhattan) is 6th President of Panama from October 1, 1928 to January 3, 1931. He belonged to the Liberal Party. He was born in Panama September 17, 1872, son of Florencio Arosemena De Alba and of Clara Guillén. At the early age of 11 He was sent to study first in Germany, where his father sent him by considering him of an upper intelligence. Panamanian President Florencio Arosemena was an accomplished civil engineer who

title: Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované

text: Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované (August 20, 1882 – February 23, 1971), served as 7th President of Panama from January 16, 1931 to June 5, 1932. He belonged to the Liberal Party. Dr. Alfaro was born in Panama. He began a career in the diplomatic service in 1905 as under-secretary for foreign affairs. He was first assigned to the U.S. in 1912 as legal counselor of the Panamanian legation for the Panama-Costa Rica border dispute. Dr. Alfaro was also involved in settling numerous disputes arising from the construction of the Panama Canal. From 1915 to 1918, he

title: Ferdinand de Lesseps

text: Noury, and voted in favor of the creation of a Panama Canal, which was to be without locks, like the Suez Canal. De Lesseps was appointed President of the Panama Canal Company, despite the fact that he had reached the age of 74. It was on this occasion that Gambetta bestowed upon him the title of "Le Grand Français". However, the decision to dig a Panama Canal at sea level to avoid the use of locks, and the inability of contemporary medical science to deal with epidemics of malaria and yellow fever, doomed the project. In February 1880, de Lesseps

title: Goethals Monument

text: Goethals Monument The Goethals Monument in Panama City, Panama was constructed in honor of George Washington Goethals the chief engineer of the Panama Canal and United States Army General. He also was the and the Acting Quartermaster General of the United States Army in WWI. It was designed by Alfred P. Shaw of Chicago and was built by the "Martinz de Panamá" construction company. The monument is a white Vermont marble construction and was revealed to the public on March 31, 1954. Its central high part symbolizes the Continental Divide and the piles on the sides represent the Canal locks,

title: William Arnold Carter

text: as Panama Canal Zone Governor from 1960 to 1962. He died on May 18, 1996 in Washington, D.C. William Arnold Carter William Arnold Carter (June 27, 1907 – May 18, 1996) was the Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1960 to 1962. He was born in Corsicana, Texas on June 27, 1907 to William Arnold Carter and Susan Young. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1930. In 1933 he earned a B.S. in civil engineering from University of California. His World War II service included being chief engineer of the II Corps in

title: Federico Boyd

text: presented a petition to obtain a delay on the negotiations with the French Government to build a Panama Canal. Later on, his intervention made possible a negotiation with the U.S. Government for the construction of an interoceanic canal through the Isthmus of Panama. Boyd died in New York City on May 25, 1924. He is remembered as one of the founding fathers of Panama. Federico Boyd Federico Augusto Boyd López (24 September 1851 – 25 May 1924) was acting President of Panama from October 1, 1910 to October 5, 1910. He belonged to the Liberal Party. Boyd was born in

title: Panama Canal

title: Presidency of William Howard Taft

text: percent) to Bryan's 6,412,294 (43.1 percent); Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs won 420,793 votes (2.8 percent). Nellie Taft said regarding the campaign, "There was nothing to criticize, except his not knowing or caring about the way the game of politics is played." Longtime White House usher Ike Hoover recalled that Taft came often to see Roosevelt during the campaign, but seldom between the election and Inauguration Day, March 4, 1909. While president-elect Taft travelled to Panama (January 29 – February 7, 1909), where he inspected construction of Panama Canal and met with President José Domingo de Obaldía. Taft was

title: Arnulfo Arias

text: Panama has ceded its territory to the United States to construct the Canal, Panama also can cede territory to the Germany of Adolf Hitler so they can construct here what they wish and can help us against Imperialism." He was ousted in October 1941, in a coup supported by the United States. He ran for president again in 1948 as the candidate of a coalition of his party and the Authentic Revolutionary Party and lost. However, a year later the National Assembly declared that he had actually won. He suspended the constitution and set up a secret police force. Corruption

title: Panama during World War II

text: food and other goods, thus helping to spur activity in Panama's agricultural industry. Elected in 1940, Arnulfo Arias was the President of Panama during two of the first years of the war. He was an overt fascist and regarded as pro-Axis by the Allies for his hostility to the United States and his eagerness to limit American influence over his territory. In 1939, the United States military requested 999-year leases from the Republic of Panama to build over 100 sites outside the Canal Zone – such as airfields, anti-aircraft batteries, and warning stations – which would be used for the

title: Panama Canal

text: Engineers, was assigned one of the most difficult parts: excavating the Culebra Cut through the continental divide to connect Gatun Lake to the Pacific Panama Canal locks. On October 10, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson sent a signal from the White House by telegraph which triggered the explosion that destroyed the Gamboa Dike. This flooded the Culebra Cut, thereby joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via the Panama Canal. (a floating crane built by Lobnitz & Company and launched in 1887) was the first self-propelled vessel to transit the canal from ocean to ocean. This vessel crossed the canal from the

title: Edward Gaskin

text: Silver Panama Canal Honorary Public Service Award from President Ronald Reagan, in recognition of his struggle and his service to the Isthmian Community. Edward Gaskin Edward A. Gaskin (3 February 1918, Red Tank, Panama – August 10, 2001) was an educator and labor leader. He fought for retirement benefits, against the low wages and the racial discrimination of the black laborers of Panama and the West Indies in the Canal Zone. Gaskin took his campaign to the President of Panama and successfully lobbied for highly beneficial clauses (retirement benefits and equal pay for equal work) in the Remon-Eisenhower Treaty of

title: History of the Panama Canal

text: carried out with little difficulty. In 1876 an international company, La Société internationale du Canal interocéanique, was created to undertake its construction; two years later, it obtained a concession from the Colombian government (since Panama was a Colombian province) to dig a canal across the isthmus. Ferdinand de Lesseps, who was in charge of the Suez Canal construction, headed the project. His enthusiastic leadership and his reputation as the man who had built the Suez Canal persuaded speculators and ordinary citizens to invest nearly $400 million in the project. However, despite his previous success de Lesseps was not an engineer.

title: History of the Panama Canal

text: million was authorized by the June 28, 1902 Spooner Act. Since Panama was then part of Colombia, Roosevelt began negotiating with that country to obtain the necessary rights. In early 1903 the Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by both nations, but the Senate of Colombia failed to ratify the treaty. Roosevelt implied to Panamanian rebels that if they revolted, the US Navy would assist their fight for independence. Panama declared its independence on November 3, 1903, and the USS "Nashville" impeded Colombian interference. The victorious Panamanians gave the United States control of the Panama Canal Zone on February 23, 1904, for

title: Robert John Fleming

text: canal with the intention of widening it, the inauguration of the "Panama Canal Spillway" newspaper and the opening of the Thatcher Ferry Bridge. He died on the July 14, 1984. His years of military and public service came with several awards. He was given the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star, the Army Commendation Medal, the Order of the White Lion from Czechoslovakia, the Légion d'honneur from France and the Grand Cross Nuñez de Balboa from Panama for his various and varied public services. Robert John Fleming Robert John Fleming (January 13, 1907 – July 14, 1984) was Governor of

title: William Arnold Carter

text: William Arnold Carter William Arnold Carter (June 27, 1907 – May 18, 1996) was the Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1960 to 1962. He was born in Corsicana, Texas on June 27, 1907 to William Arnold Carter and Susan Young. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1930. In 1933 he earned a B.S. in civil engineering from University of California. His World War II service included being chief engineer of the II Corps in the Mediterranean, and chief engineer of the 1st Army during the Normandy Invasion and European Campaign. He served

title: Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt

text: of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending on each side of the centerline, excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of the zone) to the United States for $10 million and a steadily increasing yearly sum. In February 1904, Roosevelt won Senate ratification of the treaty in a 66-to-14 vote. The Isthmian Canal Commission, supervised by Secretary of War Taft, was established to govern the zone and oversee the construction of the canal. Roosevelt appointed George Whitefield Davis as the first governor of the Panama Canal Zone and John Findley Wallace

title: History of Panama (1964–77)

text: minister of the presidency in Chiari's cabinet, was the candidate of the National Opposition Union, comprising the PLN and seven smaller parties. After lengthy backstage maneuvers, Robles was endorsed by the outgoing president. Juan de Arco Galindo, a former member of the National Assembly and public works minister and brother-in-law of former President de la Guardia, was the candidate of the National Opposition Alliance ("Alianza Nacional de Oposición") coalition, comprising seven parties headed by the CPN. Arnulfo Arias was supported by the PP, already the largest single party in the country. As usual, the status of the canal was a

title: David du Bose Gaillard

text: to see the job finished. He returned to the US suffering from what was thought to be nervous exhaustion brought on by overwork and died of a brain tumor on December 5, 1913 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, months before the canal's completion. He was 54 years old. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The Panama Canal opened nine months after his death. During the years of the US Canal Zone (c. 1915–2000), the Culebra Cut in the Panama Canal bore his name in his memory. David du Bose Gaillard David du Bose Gaillard (September 4, 1859 –

title: Florencio Harmodio Arosemena

text: Florencio Harmodio Arosemena Florencio Harmodio Arosemena Guillén (17 September 1872, Panama City – 30 August 1945, Manhattan) is 6th President of Panama from October 1, 1928 to January 3, 1931. He belonged to the Liberal Party. He was born in Panama September 17, 1872, son of Florencio Arosemena De Alba and of Clara Guillén. At the early age of 11 He was sent to study first in Germany, where his father sent him by considering him of an upper intelligence. Panamanian President Florencio Arosemena was an accomplished civil engineer who graduated from the University of Heidelberg, Germany in 1895. He

title: Panama Canal expansion project

text: President Varela indicated that he anticipated the expansion to be complete around May 2016. The expanded canal began commercial operation on 26 June 2016. The first ship to cross the canal using the third set of locks was a modern New Panamax vessel, the Chinese-owned container ship "Cosco Shipping Panama." The United States dispatched a navy ship to Panama to demonstrate U.S. naval power to the Chinese ship. The main purpose of the canal expansion program is to increase Panama's ability to benefit from the growing traffic demand. This growing demand is manifested in both the increased cargo volumes and

title: History of Panama (1904–64)

text: the country's overwhelming economic dependence on the canal and the zone. Remón's reformist regime was short-lived, however. In 1955 he was machine-gunned to death at the racetrack outside Panama City. The first vice president, José Ramón Guizado, was impeached for the crime and jailed, but he was never tried, and the motivation for his alleged act remained unclear. Some investigators believed that the impeachment of Guizado was a smokescreen to distract attention from others implicated in the assassination, including United States organized crime figure "Lucky" Luciano, dissident police officers, and both Arias families. The second vice president, Ricardo Arias (of

title: Aristides Royo

text: General Omar Torrijos or General Manuel Noriega, who were the two powerful strongmen during that period. President Jimmy Carter negotiated the Panama Canal treaties with General Torrijos in 1978, which were opposed by then presidential candidate Ronald Reagan. Eleven years later, President George H. W. Bush launched the Invasion of Panama to remove General Manuel Noriega from power. Aristides Royo Aristides Royo Sánchez (born August 14, 1940 in La Chorrera, Panamá Province) was President of Panama from October 11, 1978 to July 31, 1982, when he was pressured to resign by the military. He studied law at the University of

title: Spooner Act

text: Spooner Act The First Spooner Act of 1902 (also referred to as the Panama Canal Act, 32 Stat. 481) was written by a United States Senator from Wisconsin, John Coit Spooner, enacted on June 28, 1902, and signed by President Roosevelt the following day. It authorized purchasing the assets of a French syndicate called the "Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama", provided that a treaty could be negotiated with the Republic of Colombia. The syndicate, headed by Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, sold at a price reduced from $110 million to only $40 million. US lawyer William Nelson Cromwell subsequently received a commission

title: Panama Canal Zone

text: born of at least one US citizen in the Canal Zone before the law's enactment. This rule was later rendered moot when the rules were changed to state that (almost all) children born to U.S. citizens anywhere in the world were considered U.S citizens. In 2008, during a minor controversy over whether Canal Zone–born John McCain, born in the Zone in 1936, was legally eligible for the presidency, the US Senate passed a non-binding resolution that McCain was a "natural born Citizen" of the United States. Notable people born in the Panama Canal Zone include Frederick Wiseman made the film

title: Abraham Jacob Hollandersky

text: 30, 1913, featured an audience of nearly two thousand and included most of the members of an American congressional party in Panama, there to view the final stages of the building of the Panama Canal. According to Abe, the congressmen had sailed there on the Presidential yacht "Mayflower". Ortega, the reigning Panamanian heavyweight champion, was known to deliver knockout punches and his size made him a formidable opponent. Abe entered the ring to an ovation and a hearty round of applause, as Ortega was not a friend of the Panamanian crowd who knew him from previous fights. The match ended

title: William J. Oliver (industrialist)

text: railroading in the south." When the United States government announced it would be hiring a contractor to build the Panama Canal, Oliver sent agents to Panama to investigate for a possible bid. He formed a partnership with New York-area contractor Anson Bangs, and the two compiled a bid of 6.75% of the canal's construction cost (the construction cost had been estimated as high as $465 million). When bids were opened on January 12, 1907, Oliver's bid was the lowest of the four submitted, slightly lower than George Pierce and Company's bid of 7.19%, and easily ahead of the bids submitted

title: Panama Canal

long_answer: On January 22, 1903, the Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State John M. Hay and Colombian Chargé Dr. Tomás Herrán. For $10 million and an annual payment it would have granted the United States a renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the canal. The treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate on March 14, 1903, but the Senate of Colombia did not ratify it. Bunau-Varilla told President Theodore Roosevelt and Hay of a possible revolt by Panamanian rebels who aimed to separate from Colombia, and hoped that the United States would support the rebels with U.S. troops and money. Roosevelt changed tactics, based in part on the Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty of 1846, and actively supported the separation of Panama from Colombia and, shortly after recognizing Panama, signed a treaty with the new Panamanian government under similar terms to the Hay–Herrán Treaty.


question: who is super bowl 2018 half time show

answers: Justin Timberlake

title: Football Night in America

text: analysts. Liam McHugh, who had previously hosted the NBC-produced "Thursday Night Football" pregame show during parts of the 2017 NFL season, filled in for Tirico at the game site while the latter was in PyeongChang, South Korea preparing for the network's Winter Olympics coverage (which began just four nights later, on February 8, 2018). Patrick also hosted the halftime and postgame shows. For the 2018 season, Mike Tirico moved to NBC Sports HQ in Stamford to be the new studio host for the show, replacing Dan Patrick. Tirico is joined in studio by returning analysts Rodney Harrison and Tony Dungy.

title: Jim Gray (sportscaster)

text: Gray was the pregame, halftime, and postgame host, and live in game reporter for Super Bowl 51 on Westwood One Radio between the New England Patriots vs Atlanta Falcons. It marked the 20th Super Bowl that Gray has been on the live radio or television broadcast of the game, more than any other broadcaster in Super Bowl history. President Donald Trump was interviewed at halftime. In February 2018 in Minneapolis, MN., Gray worked Super Bowl 52, marking the 21st time he has been on the live broadcast of Super Sunday. Gray was the Executive Producer of the ESPN 30 for

title: Mike Tirico

text: the 2018 Winter Olympics. Tirico also replaced Costas as studio host for NBC's NFL coverage and "Football Night in America". On May 31, 2017, it was announced that Mike Tirico would permanently replace Al Michaels as the play-by-play commentator for all of NBC's "Thursday Night Football" games, due to the NFL having changed its stance on its previous requirement. In 2017, Tirico took over the role of Tom Hammond in Triple Crown coverage, and succeeded Dan Hicks full-time as the play-by-play commentator for Notre Dame football. NBC lost "Thursday Night Football" to Fox for the 2018 season. After Fox initially

title: Super Bowl XLV

text: Troy Aikman, himself a three-time Super Bowl winner as a Dallas Cowboys quarterback, as the color analyst. Mike Pereira joined Buck and Aikman in the broadcast booth to comment on instant replay reviews, while Pam Oliver and Chris Myers served as sideline reporters. The pre-game show featured the "Fox NFL Sunday" crew of host Curt Menefee and a group of analysts with extensive Super Bowl experiences of their own: Terry Bradshaw (4 time Super Bowl winning QB with the Pittsburgh Steelers), Howie Long (one-time Super Bowl winning defensive end with the then-Los Angeles Raiders), Michael Strahan (one-time Super Bowl winning

title: Mike Tirico

text: in the 2017 season. After calling three Notre Dame games in 2016, Tirico also replaced Dan Hicks as the full-time play-by-play man for Notre Dame football in 2017. On February 9, 2017, it was announced that Tirico would become primetime host of NBC's coverage of the Olympics, beginning at the 2018 Winter Olympics, and as the on-site host for NBC's coverage of the NFL beginning in the 2017 season, both replacing veteran sportscaster, Bob Costas. In August 2018, he was named the new studio host of NBC's Football Night in America, replacing Dan Patrick. Tirico joined ESPN in 1991 as

title: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show

text: the physical and time constraints of the event. "I have eight minutes to set up my stage, 12 minutes to put on the greatest show on Earth, and I have seven minutes to take it down. So, that football field is clean for the second half of the game", she said. "How do you do that? This is a Midwesterner girls dream to be performing at the Super Bowl half-time show. In over 25 years of performing that I've done, I have never worked so hard or been so scrupulous or detail-orientated or freaked out." The singer's plan to have

title: 2017 NFL season

text: several NBC-broadcast games as a fill-in for Michaels (who voluntarily took several games off due to the increased number he was calling that season), and as part of a secondary team for selected games the "TNF" package. He will also succeed Bob Costas as the lead studio host for NBC. However, due to its proximity to the 2018 Winter Olympics (where he also succeeded Bob Costas as lead host), Tirico did not participate in NBC's Super Bowl LII coverage. Beth Mowins became the second woman to call play-by-play for a national NFL broadcast, following Gayle Sierens in 1987, when she

title: Super Bowl XLVI

text: game, his second Super Bowl as a game analyst and first since he was in the booth for Super Bowl XXXIX for Fox. Michele Tafoya was the sideline reporter. Bob Costas and Dan Patrick (who also presided over the trophy presentation ceremony) hosted the pregame, halftime, and postgame coverage for NBC with "Football Night in America" analysts Tony Dungy and Rodney Harrison and special guest analysts (who were seated next to Costas during the pre-game festivities), Aaron Rodgers and Hines Ward. Also helping out on NBC's broadcast were reporters Alex Flanagan, Liam McHugh, and Randy Moss and NFL insiders Mike

title: Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show

text: American pop star Katy Perry was headliner. The performance generated 2.2 million tweets, due to clamoring for tickets to Mars' Moonshine Jungle Tour. The Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show received two 2014 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program and Outstanding Lighting Design / Lighting Direction for a Variety Special. Bruno Mars was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl XLVIII in September 2013 during a Fox NFL Sunday broadcast held live in Times Square in New York City. The NFL's entertainment team started working with Mars and his management on the halftime set

title: Super Bowl LII halftime show

text: The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017.  It was televised nationally by NBC.

title: 2018 NFL season

text: play-by-play announcer in 2017, became the show's studio host from Stamford, Connecticut, with Liam McHugh moving into Tirico's former role. Dan Patrick, who had been the studio host for "FNiA" since 2008, declined to sign a long-term contract and left NBC. On radio, Kurt Warner will replace Boomer Esiason as the color commentator for Westwood One's "Monday Night Football" broadcasts, after Esiason had filled the role for the previous 18 years. Esiason will continue as a studio host for CBS. In a surprise announcement made two days before its first game, Amazon announced it would provide its own broadcast team

title: Football Night in America

text: Bob Costas at the "SNF" game site, the format remained virtually unchanged as all commentators returned to the show from the previous season. Mike Tirico became the new host of the program from the "SNF" game site, replacing Bob Costas. Also, the format remained virtually unchanged as all of the other in-studio commentators (Patrick, Harrison and Dungy) returned from the previous season. On February 4, 2018, NBC aired a six-hour pregame show from Minneapolis, the host city of Super Bowl LII, starting at noon ET (11am CT), hosted by Patrick, Dungy and Harrison, the latter two also served as lead

title: Super Bowl XXVII

text: Tonight Show" host Jay Leno; Cris Collinsworth (participating in an NFL Experience piece with Christensen as well as reporting from the Dallas locker room); former Los Angeles Lakers basketball player Magic Johnson (then working as a commentator for the "NBA on NBC"; Johnson was assigned to an interview with Dallas Cowboys quarterback Troy Aikman, running back Emmitt Smith and wide receiver Michael Irvin); Paul Maguire; Gayle Gardner; Jim Lampley (who would replace Costas as host of "NFL Live" for the following season); and "Dateline NBC" correspondent Deborah Roberts (producing a special report on the Michael Jackson halftime show). Also included

title: Bob Costas

text: and he wouldn't allow a son with athletic talent to play it. Costas had been scheduled to work Super Bowl LII, his eighth as a host (despite stepping down from "Football Night in America" in favor of his successor Mike Tirico, Costas was to return while Tirico prepped to lead NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics, set to begin a few days later). However, the network announced shortly before the game that Liam McHugh would instead join Dan Patrick as a co-host, leading to speculation that NBC removed Costas from the NFL's biggest game over his comments. Costas has

title: Merrill Reese

text: (1982–83, and who also filled in when Quick had knee surgery during the 2004 preseason), and Stan Walters (1984–97). In addition to his play-by-play radio coverage of the Eagles, Reese hosts The WIP Coach's Show the day after Eagles games with the Eagles head coach, Eagles players and other guests. On Sunday, February 4, 2018, Reese called Super Bowl LII, as the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33 for their first Super Bowl title. With 38 seconds remaining in the 2nd quarter, he called the Eagles' 4th and Goal play which would later be known as the "Philly Special"

title: Super Bowl XXXV

text: African-American to be the play-by-play announcer for a Super Bowl, Gumbel also became the third person to both host a Super Bowl pregame show and call the game, joining Dick Enberg and Al Michaels. Gumbel was the host during his first stint with CBS for Super Bowl XXVI, and he was the pregame host for Super Bowls XXX and XXXII when he was with NBC. Before the game, a pregame show titled "Life's Super in Central Florida" was held, featuring Sting, Styx, and PYT. The show was directed and choreographed by Lesslee Fitzmorris from Covington, Louisiana. To honor the 225th

title: Football Night in America

text: to the show from the previous season. On February 6, 2012, NBC aired a five-hour Super Bowl XLVI pre-game telecast starting at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time, hosted by Bob Costas and Dan Patrick, who also emceed the halftime and post-game shows; Tony Dungy and Rodney Harrison served as the co-hosts and lead studio analysts. Active NFL players Aaron Rodgers and Hines Ward contributed as guest analysts exclusively on the pre-game show. Costas hosted segments on an auxiliary set outside the stadium and on-field; Patrick hosted segments from the stadium concourse on an additional auxiliary. Michele Tafoya filed respective reports on

title: History of Monday Night Football

text: tradition of featuring notable guests during the half-time show, from a variety of different industries and backgrounds. During a Thursday Night Football special in Houston, 2 days after Ronald Reagan was elected to the White House, Vice-President elect George H.W. Bush was interviewed in the broadcast booth at halftime. Prior to the election, none of the candidates were invited on the program due to equal time regulations governing appearances during campaigns. Later that same season in Southern California, movie star Bo Derek, well known for her role in the movie "Ten", was the half-time guest and was interviewed by Howard

title: Greg Gumbel

text: has regularly appeared on Howard Stern's radio show. Along similar lines, Gumbel said of Rush Limbaugh, "I find him someone whose words and opinions I can do without." Gumbel is the third man to serve as both host and play-by-play announcer for Super Bowls (the first two were Dick Enberg and Al Michaels respectively). He hosted Super Bowls XXVI, XXX, and XXXII before calling Super Bowls XXXV and XXXVIII. Jim Nantz became the fourth man to do so after he called Super Bowl XLI for CBS. During his tenure as the chief anchor of "The NFL Today", he served alongside

title: Thursday Night Football

text: the games this year. The duo will be joined by Erin Andrews, who normally works with Buck and Aikman on Sundays, and Kristina Pink, who normally works with the #3 team for Fox, which consists of Kenny Albert, son of former NFL commentator Marv Albert, and Super Bowl Champion Ronde Barber, and Mike Pereira, who is one of two rule analysts for Fox. On October 14th, 2018, the NFL announced via press release, that the NFL GameDay Morning studio team of Rich Eisen, Steve Mariucci, Kurt Warner, and Michael Irvin, would be calling the Eagles-Jaguars London Game on October 28th.

title: 2018 Minnesota Vikings season

text: Vikings were at the Packers' 17-yard line with four seconds remaining in overtime, but Carlson missed his third field goal attempt of the game, this time from 35 yards, and again wide right. This was the first NFL broadcast in history to have an all-female announcing team (accessible only to Amazon Prime viewers). Four Vikings players were elected to the Pro Bowl when the rosters were announced on December 18, 2018, with both outside linebacker Anthony Barr and safety Harrison Smith named to their fourth Pro Bowls. Wide receiver Adam Thielen was named to his second Pro Bowl, having received

title: Mike Tirico

text: in the "Thursday Night Football" package produced for NFL Network, held on a Saturday and Christmas Sunday respectively, with Doug Flutie and Tony Dungy. In November 2016, NBC announced that Tirico would perform play-by-play with Cris Collinsworth on three "Sunday Night Football" games (including the Thanksgiving primetime game) and one "Thursday Night Football" game, filling in for Al Michaels. Michaels had requested time off due to NBC's increased NFL workload. On February 9, 2017, Bob Costas announced that he would be retiring as the primetime host of NBC's coverage of the Olympics, and that Tirico would replace him beginning at

title: NFL on Westwood One Sports

text: "Monday Night Football" pregame and halftime shows are conducted differently from usual pregames, as there is no other game action to recap. Jim Gray presides over both the pregame and halftime shows, which are more feature driven and often feature guest commentators such as Tom Brady and Larry Fitzgerald, who contributes to the pregame show weekly with predictions and commentary. In addition to the Monday night games, Gray also hosts the studio shows for the Thursday opening game and the Super Bowl. For the Monday Night game held in Mexico during Week 11 of the 2016 season, Scott Graham co-hosted

title: Inside the NFL

text: Chuck Bednarik, Pro Football Hall of Fame two-way player for the Philadelphia Eagles. In 1978, Meltzer and Bednarik left the show and were replaced by Merle Harmon and Hall of Fame quarterback Len Dawson respectively. In 1980, Merle Harmon left for NBC as Len Dawson was joined by fellow Hall of Famer and former Miami Dolphins linebacker Nick Buoniconti. In 1989, Cris Collinsworth joined as an on-air reporter. In 1990, Cris Collinsworth joined Dawson and Buoniconti as the third host. Several former players and coaches served as co-host throughout this period including Jimmy Johnson and Jerry Glanville. After the 2001

title: Football Night in America

text: Sports to join the network's sister news division in March of the following year. On February 1, 2015, NBC aired a five-hour Super Bowl XLIX pre-game telecast starting at 1:00 p.m. ET, hosted by Bob Costas and Dan Patrick, who also emceed the halftime and post-game shows; Tony Dungy and Rodney Harrison once again served as the co-hosts and lead studio analysts, along with guest analyst John Harbaugh. The "4 Downs" segment was added as the final segment of "FNIA" before ending with Costas at the game site. Other than Mike Tirico joining "FNIA" to alternate pregame hosting duties with

title: Super Bowl 50 halftime show

text: surfaced stating that multiple acts would perform during the halftime show. Coldplay was confirmed as the lead half time performer for Super Bowl 50 on December 3, 2015, one day before the release of their seventh studio album "A Head Full of Dreams". It was confirmed that Beyoncé and Bruno Mars would join Coldplay as special guests. Chris Martin called Mars to ask him to perform with Coldplay; however, Mars declined the offer. Nevertheless, the singer of Coldplay invited Mars to his studio in Malibu where he was working. There, Martin revealed to Mars that he wanted for him to

title: 2018 Philadelphia Eagles season

text: responded with a Matt Bryant field goal to take a 6-3 lead at the half. The Eagles offense finally found life midway through the third in a remake of the Philly Special with the reigning Super Bowl MVP Nick Foles catching a pass from Nelson Agholor on a trick play. A 1-yard TD run by Jay Ajayi gave the Eagles their first lead of the night. A couple of drives later, the Eagles defense came up big again with a Rasul Douglas interception that ended a potential scoring drive for the Falcons. However, Foles (Who struggled for most of the

title: Football Night in America

text: Super Bowl presentation. When the 2009 season of the program kicked off on September 13, Cris Collinsworth replaced John Madden as a color commentator, alongside Michaels following Madden's retirement. Bettis' contract was not renewed; Tony Dungy and Rodney Harrison replaced Collinsworth and Bettis as full-time studio analysts, while Barber served as an on-site reporter. On August 26, NBC announced that "Football Night" host Bob Costas would host the pre-game show at the game site; pregame panelists Dan Patrick, Keith Olbermann, Dungy and Harrison would remain in the New York City studio. The basic format remained unchanged from the previous year;

title: Michelle Beisner-Buck

text: Michelle Beisner-Buck Michelle Beisner-Buck (born October 15, 1976) is a feature reporter for ESPN and is a member of the "Monday Night Countdown" crew as well as Monday Night Football. She had an 8-year tenure at NFL Network being the host of NFL Weekly Countdown, and served as a field reporter for "NFL Total Access" and "NFL GameDay Morning". She was also the host of "NFL Network Now", a news program on NFL Network. She has been a reporter and has worked on "NFL Quarterback Challenge", and the "Total Access On Location" pre-game show at the Super Bowl. Beisner also

title: 2018 NFL season

text: were hired. Four officials were promoted to the referee position. Down judge Hugo Cruz was fired for performance-related issues culminating with a missed false start during a Week 6 game between the Los Angeles Chargers and Cleveland Browns. It was the first time in the Super Bowl era that an official was dismissed in-season. The following playing rule changes have been approved by the Competition Committee for the 2018 season: The following bylaws and resolutions were passed: The following changes to the kickoff rules were approved at the NFL Spring Owners' Meeting on May 23, 2018: In response to the

title: Super Bowl LII halftime show


question: where does prime rib come from on a cow

answers: the primal rib

title: Whittingham, Lancashire

text: on the lane by Adam Hoghton in 1616, and contains embedded in its wall a large rib. According to legend, the rib came from a giant "dun cow" which roamed the area at the time of the Plague, and whose milk saved the local inhabitants, and was buried at nearby Cow Hill, near Grimsargh. An alternative legend claims that the cow gave milk freely to all comers, but died of shock when an old witch asked it to fill a riddle (sieve) instead of a pail. In reality, the rib is probably from a whale or Bronze Age aurochs. With

title: Standing rib roast

text: muscles removed. While often referred to as "prime rib", the USDA does not require the cut to be derived from USDA Prime grade beef. A slice of standing rib roast will include portions of the so-called "eye" of the rib, as well as the outer, fat-marbled muscle (spinalis dorsi) known as the "lip" or "cap". The traditional preparation for a standing rib roast is to rub the outside of the roast with salt and seasonings and slow-roast with dry heat. It also may be grilled. Standing rib roast A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut

title: Rib steak

text: its life. Its marbling of fat makes this suitable for slow roasting or grilling cooked to different degrees of doneness. Rib steak A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably. The rib eye or "ribeye" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone. It is considered a

title: Rib

text: are widely used from many animals. The ribs are the less meaty part of the meat chop and they are often cooked as part of a slab; five or more is known as a "rack", as in a rack of lamb. Short ribs are ribs of beef either served singly or several as a "plate". A rib steak from beef is a popular choice used in many cuisines. Pork ribs, including spare ribs are popular in European and Asian cuisine. Rib In vertebrate anatomy, ribs () are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial

title: Rib chop

text: evenly. Like on a pig, rib chops from a lamb that has a layer of fat, two actually. If the whole primal cut is left intact, it becomes a rack of lamb. Again, they have little connective tissue, so they are usually roasted as a rack, or grilled one by one. Rib chop A rib chop comes from the rib section of an animal, usually the term is used for pork and lamb. Rib chops are considered the ribeye of pork and lamb. Rib chops from a pig are cut from the loin, or the back of the pig. A

title: Chuck steak

text: the proportion of meat and bone, although the fifth rib exceeds the prime rib in the amount of lean meat. The cross cut or cross rib, which is the last part of the chuck located between the brisket point and the short rib - can also be used as an alternative to the blade when cooking steaks. The chuck part cut from the shoulder clod is also used in place of sirloin since it has a very beefy taste. In the United States, chuck has the meat-cutting classification NAMP 113. Chuck steak Chuck steak is a cut of beef and

title: Rib chop

text: Rib chop A rib chop comes from the rib section of an animal, usually the term is used for pork and lamb. Rib chops are considered the ribeye of pork and lamb. Rib chops from a pig are cut from the loin, or the back of the pig. A rib chop has a thin layer of fat around the outside. Since it is center cut, it contains little connective tissue, which makes it good for fast, dry heat methods, such as grilling and panbroiling. Unlike the loin chop, a rib chop is almost one muscle, which makes it cook more

title: Ribs (food)

text: to barbecue pork ribs, or sometimes beef ribs, which are served with various barbecue sauces. They are served as a rack of meat which diners customarily tear apart by hand, then eat the meat from the bone. Slow roasting or barbecuing for as much as 10–12 hours creates a tender finished product. Ribs (food) Ribs of pork, beef, lamb, and venison are a cut of meat. The term "ribs" usually refers to the less meaty part of the chops, often cooked as a slab (not cut into separate ribs). Ribs of bison, goat, ostrich, crocodile, alligator, llama, alpaca, beefalo, African

title: Ribs (food)

text: Ribs (food) Ribs of pork, beef, lamb, and venison are a cut of meat. The term "ribs" usually refers to the less meaty part of the chops, often cooked as a slab (not cut into separate ribs). Ribs of bison, goat, ostrich, crocodile, alligator, llama, alpaca, beefalo, African buffalo, water buffalo, kangaroo, and other animals are also consumed in various parts of the world. They can be roasted, grilled, fried, baked, braised, or smoked. A set of ribs served together (5 or more), is known as a rack (as in "a rack of ribs"). In American cuisine, "ribs" usually refers

title: Standing rib roast

text: A standing rib roast, also known as prime rib, is a cut of beef from the primal rib, one of the nine primal cuts of beef.  While the entire rib section comprises ribs six through 12, a standing rib roast may contain anywhere from two to seven ribs.

title: Chuck steak

text: contains the line of fat. This is what creates richness of flavor in the roast. The chuck contains a lot of connective tissue, including collagen, which partially melts during cooking. Meat from the chuck is usually used for stewing, slow cooking, braising, or pot roasting. The top blade part of the chuck is preferred for grilling because it is the second most tender steak once the gristle is removed. The fifth rib taken from the chuck can also be used as an alternative to the prime rib roast, which is usually from bones 6-12. They are similar in terms of

title: Ed Muransky

text: of prime rib at Lawry's before the 1979 Rose Bowl. Muransky later recalled: "Bubba Paris and I were two happy freshmen eating together at the Lawry's Beef Bowl event before the 1979 Rose Bowl Game. After we had enjoyed our fourth plate of prime rib, mashed potatoes, corn and Yorkshire pudding, Bubba asked what the record was, and they said 7 cuts. Bubba continued for 3 more cuts, and I continued for four, totally under the Bo Schembechler radar screen. When they delivered the 8th cut to me, the media started to gather around my table, Bo walked by and

title: Rib steak

text: Rib steak A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably. The rib eye or "ribeye" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone. It is considered a more flavorful cut than other steaks, such as the fillet, due to the muscle being exercised by the animal during

title: Short ribs

text: style known as the "plate"). Short ribs are popular in many international cuisines. Meatpacking executive Richard C. Banfield notes that the term "short ribs" comes from the fact that the cut of meat contains only a portion of each long beef rib. Using American butcher's nomenclature, short ribs may be taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle. The "serratus ventralis" muscle defines the area in the beef carcass from where short ribs come, and is the preferred muscle tissue for short ribs. This muscle originates near the second rib, and covers most of the rib

title: Idar-Oberstein

text: Idar-Oberstein's and the surrounding region's culinary and cultural customs. When making the more often consumed "Idarer Spießbraten", the meat – originally prime rib, today often also roast beef or pork neck – is laid the day before cooking in raw onions, salt and pepper. The onions are good to eat while cooking at the fire with a beer. Locals favour beechwood for the fire, to give the roast its traditional flavour. The variations on the "Spießbraten" recipe are also the subject of the town's slogan, which bears witness to a patronizing cosmopolitanism: "Rossbeff fa die Irader, Kamm fa die Uwersteener

title: Steak

text: there are National Meat Accreditation standards; in Canada, there is the Canadian Beef Grading Agency; in the United Kingdom, the Food Standards Agency is responsible; in the United States, beef is graded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as select, choice or prime, where "prime" refers to beef of the highest quality, typically that which has significant marbling. In 1996 in the U.S., only 2.4% of cattle were graded as prime, and most prime beef is sold in restaurants and hotels. There is a wide range of quickly prepared and well-known beef steak dishes, including Minute steak, steak

title: Ranch steak

text: is excellent when grilled, broiled, or pan-fried if it is marinated first and if it is not overcooked. Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a "boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: "Ranch steak". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not

title: Short ribs

text: short ribs incorporate at least two rib bones, and are often no more than thick. Retail meat shops often do not differentiate between short ribs which come from the brisket, chuck, plate, and rib. In the United States, short ribs from the plate are generally the least expensive cut, followed by medium-priced short ribs from the brisket and chuck, and premium-priced short ribs from the rib area. Beef short ribs are the equivalent of spare ribs in pork, with beef short ribs usually larger and meatier than pork spare ribs. "Boneless" short ribs are cut from either the chuck or

title: Competitive eating

text: a T-shirt and the addition of their name and/or photo on a wall of challenge victors. For example, Ward's House of Prime located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, has a prime rib meat challenge. The current record is 360 ounces by Molly Schuyler in June 2017. Various challenges of this type are featured in the Travel Channel show "Man v. Food". The Great American Eat Off - a show that pits two average eaters against each other to see who can eat the fastest, while raising awareness for charity and then brings in a professional competitive eater to beat the winning time,

title: Short ribs

text: Short ribs Short ribs are a cut of beef taken from the brisket, chuck, plate, or rib areas of beef cattle. They consist of a short portion of the rib bone, which is overlain by meat which varies in thickness. There are two major types of cuts: The "flanken", which is cut across the bone and leaves the bone just in length, and the "English", which is cut parallel to the bone and leaves the bone up to in length. English cut short ribs may be served individually, or three or four may be served connected to one another (a

title: Ranch steak

text: Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a "boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: "Ranch steak". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not cooked beyond medium when using dry heat cooking methods. It is best when it is braised, however it

title: Rib eye steak

text: Rib eye steak The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section. The rib section of beef spans from ribs six through twelve. Ribeye steaks are mostly composed of the longissimus dorsi muscle but also contain the complexus and spinalis muscles. A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak or Spencer steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used

title: Spare ribs

text: Spare ribs Spare ribs (also side ribs or spareribs) are a variety of pork ribs cooked and eaten in various cuisines around the world. They are cut from the lower portion of the pig specifically the belly and breastbone, behind the shoulder, and include 11 to 13 long bones. There is a covering of meat on top of the bones and also between them. Spare ribs (pork) are distinguished from short ribs, which are beef. The term comes from Low German "ribbesper" (referring to pickled pork ribs, cooked on a spit), the parts of which refer, in order, to rib

title: Best in the West Nugget Rib Cook-off

text: inaugural winner was North Main Barbecue from Euless, Texas. The event is the main attraction for Sparks, and is mentioned in travel guides and barbecue books. The rib cook-off takes place over six days in Victorian Square in Sparks, Nevada; six blocks of Victorian Avenue are closed to traffic during the event for the cook-off competitors and other vendors to stage their booths. Aside from the actual cook-off, ribs are sold to the general public. In addition to the ribs there is a small arts and crafts fair and a few children's rides. In 2007 the event, for the first

title: Pork chop

text: chop includes a large T-shaped bone, and is structurally similar to the beef T-bone steak. Rib chops come from the rib portion of the loin, and are similar to rib eye steaks. Blade or shoulder chops come from the spine, and tend to contain much connective tissue. The sirloin chop is taken from the (rear) leg end and also contains much connective tissue. The shoulder end produces chops that are considerably fattier than the chops taken from the loin end. The so-called "Iowa Chop" is a thick center cut; the term was coined in 1976 by the Iowa Pork Producers

title: Short ribs

text: and the United States which uses ribs nine through 12. The membrane is removed from the inner side of an English-cut plate, and the plate sliced into its component ribs. The bone is then pulled up from the meat, leaving meat attached at only one end of the rib. The meat is then rolled backward and tucked under itself. Tabiltas are Mexican-style flanken-cut short ribs that are marinated and then grilled. Over the years, short ribs have been mentioned in numerous movies and television shows. Examples include: Short ribs Short ribs are a cut of beef taken from the brisket,

title: Short ribs

text: the bone, or the meat can be removed from the bone entirely and cut into thin slices. Short ribs marinated in ganjang (a Korean soy sauce) and then rapidly grilled are known as "galbi". Short ribs prepared in the "galbi" style, but slow-cooked or steamed along with spices and vegetables is known as "galbijjim". A specific type of short rib dish which originated in Hawaii is known as Maui-style ribs. In this dish, flanken-cut ribs are marinated in soy sauce, brown sugar, and ginger, and then swiftly grilled. The "Royal short rib" is a short rib dish prepared in Europe

title: Pork ribs

text: cage is covered by a layer of connective tissue (pleura) that is difficult to cook tender; it is usually removed before marinating or cooking. Baby back ribs (also back ribs or loin ribs) are taken from the top of the rib cage between the spine and the spare ribs, below the loin muscle. They have meat between the bones and on top of the bones, and are shorter, curved, and sometimes meatier than spare ribs. The rack is shorter at one end, due to the natural tapering of a pig's rib cage. The shortest bones are typically only about and

title: Ribfest

text: Choice Award. The rib festivals often coincide with music festivals, such as the "Dallas Ribfest Gospel BBQ", or Cleveland's "Great American Rib Cook off & music festival". Ribfest A ribfest (short for rib festival), sometimes called a rib cook-off is a type of food festival that occurs throughout the United States and Canada. The size of each ribfest is often measured by the number of traveling professional "rib teams" which sell food and compete at the events. A rib festival generally has multiple food vendors selling barbecue beef or pork ribs, pulled pork sandwiches, chicken, coleslaw, baked beans, and other

title: Rib eye steak

text: interchangeably. The rib eye or "ribeye" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone. In Australia and New Zealand, "ribeye" is used when this cut is served with the bone in. With the bone removed, it is called "Scotch fillet". It is both flavorful and tender, coming from the lightly worked upper rib cage area. Its marbling of fat makes it very good for fast and hot cooking. Rib eye steak The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section. The rib section of beef spans from

title: Standing rib roast