Geopolitics of the World System -LRB- ISBN 0847699072 -RRB- all of Panama -- including the segment east of the Panama Canal in the isthmus -- is typically included in North America alone '' Americas '' Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications -LRB- M49 -RRB-, United Nations Statistics Division 'North America' 'Atlas of CanadaNorth America Atlas National Geographic and among the countries of Central America.
Geopolitics of the World System -LRB- ISBN 0847699072 -RRB- all of Panama -- including the part east of the Panama Canal in the isthmus -- is usually included in North America alone.