JapanHomes012 FRAMING OF AN ORDINARY TWO-STORIED HOUSE. (FROM A JAPANESE DRAWING).jpg
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JapanHomes012 FRAMING OF AN ORDINARY TWO STORIED HOUSE. (FROM A JAPANESE DRAWING), From the original book: "Fig. 12 represents the frame-work of an ordinary two-storied house. It is copied from a Japanese carpenter's drawing, kindly furnished the writer by Mr. Fukuzawa, of Tokio, proper corrections in perspective having been made. The various parts have been lettered, and the dimensions given in Japanese feet and inches. The Japanese foot is, within the fraction of an inch, the same as ours, and is divided into ten parts, called sun. The wood employed in the frame is usually cedar or pine. The corner posts, as well as the other large upright posts, called hashira (H), are square, and five sun in thickness these are tenoned into the plate upon which they rest. This plate is called do-dai (D); it is made of cedar, and sometimes of chestnut. The do-dai is six sun square, and rests directly on a number of stones, which are called do-dai-ishi (D, 1). Between the hashira come smaller uprights, called ma-bashira (M) (hashira changed to bashira for euphony); these are two sun square. Through these pass the cross-pieces called nuki; these are four sun wide and one sun thick. To these are attached the bamboo slats as substitutes for laths. The horizontal beam to support the second story floor is called the nikaibari (Ns); this is of pine, with a vertical thickness of one foot two sun, and a width of six tenths of a sun. The rafters of the roof, called yane-shita (Ya), in this frame are nine feet long, three sun wide, and eight tenths of a sun in thickness. Cross-beams (T), from the upper plate from which spring posts to support the ridge-pole, are called taruki. The first floor is sustained by posts that rest on stones embedded in the ground, as well as by a beam called yuka-shita (Yu); this is secured to the upright beams at the height of one and one-half or two feet above the do-dai. The upper floor-joists are of pine, two inches square; the flooring boards are six tenths of a sun in thickness, and one foot wide. The lower floor-joists, called neda-maruta (Ne), are rough round sticks, three sun in diameter, hewn on opposite sides. On top of these rest pine boards six tenths of a sun in thickness... 

As the rooms are made in sizes corresponding to the number of mats they are to contain, the beams, uprights, rafters, flooring-boards, boards for the ceiling, and all strips are got out in sizes to accommodate these various dimensions. The dimensions of the mats from one end of the Empire to the other are approximately three feet wide and six feet long; and these are fitted compactly on the floor. The architect marks on his plan the number of mats each room is to contain, — this number defining the size of the room; hence the lumber used must be of definite lengths, and the carpenter is sure to find these lengths at the lumber-yard. It follows from this that but little waste occurs in the construction of a Japanese house. Far different is it with us in our extravagant and senseless methods of house-building. In our country, a man after building a wooden house finds his cellar and shed choked to repletion with the waste of his new house, and for a year or more at least has the grim comfort of feeding his fireplaces and kitchen stove with rough and finished woods which have cost him at the rate of four to eight cents per square foot!", The Coed Cymru "Tŷ unnos" design looks similar to this traditional Japanese framing design, but it lacks the internal horizontal members, has fewer vertical members (such that the side openings are square), and lacks king posts and queen posts. It uses glulam, and is clad with oriented strand board
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JapanHomes012 FRAMING OF AN ORDINARY TWO STORIED HOUSE. (FROM A JAPANESE DRAWING), Dodai-ishi, Joists, Foundations (architecture), Roofs (structural systems), Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings (1885 book)
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日本ホームズ012 二つの時計館の裏に潜む。。日本人大工の絵を模写したもので、トキオの福澤さんが手元に添え、透視図法で適切な補正を行っている。さまざまな部品が文字で書かれており、寸法は日本のフィートとインチで与えられています。日本の足は、我々の足と同じインチの分数で、太陽と呼ばれる10の部分に分かれている。額縁に使われている木材はスギやマツが多い。角柱は方形で、柱の厚さ5寸の柱を板に寄せて休む。この板は、杉でできており、栗でできている場合もある。土台は6寸四方の石組みで、直接多くの石に掛けたものを土台石という。柱の間には、間柱と呼ばれる柱が小さくなり、二寸四方の柱になる。ここから貫と呼ばれる横材が4寸、厚さ1寸のものである。これに、竹のスラットを入れて、の代用とする。2階を支える水平の梁を二階張(Ns;垂直の厚さ1フィート2寸、幅6分の1の太陽の松。屋根の垂木は屋根の下と呼ばれ、長さ9フィート、幅3寸、厚さ8分の1の太さである。上板から、棟木を支えるためのばねポストを垂木という。1階は土中に埋められた石に柱を立てて支え、床の1・2フィートの高さで直立する梁に床下を固定する。上層は松で、床板は太さ6寸、幅1足。下層の床はねだ丸太と呼ばれ、丸くて太くて直径3寸、反対側に曲がった丸い棒である。松の板の上には、太さの太陽が6分の6の6寸......部屋は畳の数に対応するサイズでできており、梁、直立、垂木、床板、天井板など、さまざまなサイズに対応するためにすべての帯がサイズアップされている。エンパイアの端からもう一方の端までの長さは約3フィート、長さは6フィートで、これらは床にコンパクトに取り付けられている。建築家は、各部屋のマットの数を計画に記している。つまり、部屋の大きさを定義するこの数字である。したがって、使用される木材は定まった長さでなければならない。ここから、日本の家屋の建設には少なからぬ廃棄物が出る。私たちとは全く違いますが、贅沢で無意味な家づくりの方法です。我が国では、木造家屋を建てた男が、自分の地下室を見つけ、新しい家の廃棄物で補充するために切り落とした。少なくとも1年以上、暖炉や台所のストーブに粗く仕上げられた木材で食事をするという厳しい快適さを持っています。足あたり4～8セントのペースで彼にお金を払ったのです。」 、 コード・カムリの「T unnos」のデザインは、この伝統的な日本のフレーミングデザインに似ていますが、水平方向のメンバーがなくて、垂直方向のメンバーが少なくなります(su。グルラムを使用し、鎖板を配合したクラッド。
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日本ホームズ012 二つの時計館の裏に潜む。(日本家屋、土台石、寄附金、基礎石、屋根、日本家屋及びその周辺
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japanese chestnut joist euphonic senselessly lumber room floor joist carpenter's square ground cedar ordinary japanese room hierarch japanese cedar ordinariness framing drip pan room rate church officer tenon rough-house house of correction square foot cookstove lath chokehold stranglehold choke rafter