title: Demografía de Chad
text: # Demografía de Chad
  
  Este artículo hace referencia a la descripción de la demografía de Chad
  
  ## Población
  
  Para el 2022, Chad tiene una población de 17,963,211 habitantes. La mitad se concentra en el sur. En el norte sólo habitan grupos nómadas. Los musulmanes son el 50%, el 43% tiene creencias tradicionales y el 7% es cristiano. Los idiomas oficiales son el francés y el árabe, aunque se hablan más de 120 lenguas y dialectos. La esperanza de vida es de 47 años. El promedio de hijos por mujer es de 5,56, una de las tasas más altas del mundo, lo cual provoca un incremento de la población muy elevado. El 47.5% de la población está alfabetizada.
  
  ## Estadísticas vitales
  
  | | Nacidos vivos por año | Muertes por año | Cambio natural por año | CBR | CDR | NC | TFR | IMR | Expectativa de vida |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | 1950 | 117,000 | 70,000 | 47,000 | 46.7 | 27.8 | 18.9 | 6.06 | 197.6 | 36.21 |
  | 1951 | 119,000 | 72,000 | 47,000 | 46.5 | 28.1 | 18.4 | 6.07 | 196.5 | 36.34 |
  | 1952 | 121,000 | 73,000 | 48,000 | 46.4 | 28.1 | 18.3 | 6.09 | 194.4 | 36.50 |
  | 1953 | 123,000 | 74,000 | 49,000 | 46.4 | 27.9 | 18.5 | 6.11 | 192.3 | 36.84 |
  | 1954 | 125,000 | 75,000 | 50,000 | 46.3 | 27.7 | 18.5 | 6.13 | 190.3 | 37.03 |
  | 1955 | 127,000 | 76,000 | 51,000 | 46.2 | 27.6 | 18.6 | 6.15 | 188.3 | 37.21 |
  | 1956 | 130,000 | 77,000 | 53,000 | 46.1 | 27.3 | 18.8 | 6.17 | 186.3 | 37.45 |
  | 1957 | 132,000 | 78,000 | 54,000 | 46.0 | 27.1 | 18.9 | 6.19 | 184.3 | 37.66 |
  | 1958 | 134,000 | 78,000 | 56,000 | 45.9 | 26.8 | 19.1 | 6.21 | 182.3 | 37.94 |
  | 1959 | 136,000 | 79,000 | 57,000 | 45.9 | 26.5 | 19.3 | 6.23 | 180.3 | 38.19 |
  | 1960 | 139,000 | 80,000 | 59,000 | 45.7 | 26.3 | 19.4 | 6.25 | 178.4 | 38.37 |
  | 1961 | 141,000 | 80,000 | 61,000 | 45.7 | 26.0 | 19.6 | 6.27 | 176.5 | 38.63 |
  | 1962 | 144,000 | 81,000 | 62,000 | 45.6 | 25.8 | 19.8 | 6.29 | 174.6 | 38.84 |
  | 1963 | 146,000 | 82,000 | 64,000 | 45.5 | 25.6 | 19.9 | 6.30 | 172.8 | 39.07 |
  | 1964 | 149,000 | 83,000 | 66,000 | 45.4 | 25.3 | 20.2 | 6.32 | 171.0 | 39.33 |
  | 1965 | 152,000 | 85,000 | 67,000 | 45.4 | 25.4 | 20.0 | 6.34 | 169.7 | 39.12 |
  | 1966 | 155,000 | 86,000 | 69,000 | 45.4 | 25.3 | 20.2 | 6.36 | 166.8 | 39.15 |
  | 1967 | 158,000 | 87,000 | 71,000 | 45.6 | 25.0 | 20.6 | 6.39 | 164.2 | 39.48 |
  | 1968 | 162,000 | 87,000 | 75,000 | 45.8 | 24.6 | 21.2 | 6.43 | 161.3 | 39.90 |
  | 1969 | 166,000 | 88,000 | 79,000 | 46.2 | 24.3 | 21.9 | 6.48 | 158.3 | 40.27 |
  | 1970 | 172,000 | 88,000 | 83,000 | 46.7 | 24.1 | 22.6 | 6.53 | 155.2 | 40.60 |
  | 1971 | 177,000 | 92,000 | 85,000 | 47.2 | 24.4 | 22.7 | 6.58 | 153.5 | 40.19 |
  | 1972 | 188,000 | 90,000 | 97,000 | 49.0 | 23.6 | 25.4 | 6.85 | 149.1 | 41.40 |
  | 1973 | 192,000 | 92,000 | 100,000 | 49.0 | 23.5 | 25.5 | 6.87 | 148.7 | 41.78 |
  | 1974 | 196,000 | 94,000 | 102,000 | 48.8 | 23.5 | 25.4 | 6.86 | 147.8 | 41.79 |
  | 1975 | 200,000 | 96,000 | 104,000 | 48.7 | 23.4 | 25.4 | 6.88 | 147.0 | 41.87 |
  | 1976 | 203,000 | 97,000 | 107,000 | 48.6 | 23.1 | 25.5 | 6.89 | 145.5 | 42.04 |
  | 1977 | 206,000 | 98,000 | 109,000 | 48.4 | 22.9 | 25.5 | 6.90 | 144.6 | 42.26 |
  | 1978 | 209,000 | 98,000 | 111,000 | 48.2 | 22.7 | 25.5 | 6.89 | 143.6 | 42.50 |
  | 1979 | 212,000 | 99,000 | 113,000 | 48.1 | 22.4 | 25.7 | 6.91 | 142.6 | 42.81 |
  | 1980 | 218,000 | 100,000 | 118,000 | 48.2 | 22.1 | 26.1 | 6.91 | 141.4 | 43.06 |
  | 1981 | 205,000 | 97,000 | 108,000 | 46.3 | 21.9 | 24.5 | 6.94 | 141.0 | 43.31 |
  | 1982 | 212,000 | 97,000 | 115,000 | 46.9 | 21.4 | 25.5 | 6.96 | 139.5 | 43.73 |
  | 1983 | 242,000 | 102,000 | 140,000 | 49.8 | 21.1 | 28.8 | 6.98 | 138.0 | 44.18 |
  | 1984 | 252,000 | 105,000 | 147,000 | 50.4 | 21.0 | 29.4 | 7.02 | 136.2 | 44.52 |
  | 1985 | 245,000 | 103,000 | 142,000 | 49.3 | 20.7 | 28.5 | 7.04 | 135.0 | 45.05 |
  | 1986 | 252,000 | 104,000 | 148,000 | 49.4 | 20.4 | 28.9 | 7.07 | 132.1 | 45.21 |
  | 1987 | 268,000 | 116,000 | 153,000 | 50.7 | 21.8 | 28.8 | 7.11 | 130.4 | 42.80 |
  | 1988 | 283,000 | 110,000 | 173,000 | 51.7 | 20.2 | 31.5 | 7.15 | 128.9 | 45.79 |
  | 1989 | 295,000 | 114,000 | 182,000 | 52.1 | 20.1 | 32.0 | 7.19 | 127.0 | 45.88 |
  | 1990 | 307,000 | 121,000 | 185,000 | 52.4 | 20.7 | 31.6 | 7.22 | 125.3 | 44.69 |
  | 1991 | 312,000 | 120,000 | 192,000 | 52.1 | 20.0 | 32.0 | 7.26 | 124.2 | 45.94 |
  | 1992 | 336,000 | 125,000 | 211,000 | 53.3 | 19.9 | 33.4 | 7.30 | 122.5 | 46.10 |
  | 1993 | 349,000 | 129,000 | 221,000 | 53.5 | 19.7 | 33.8 | 7.34 | 120.9 | 46.32 |
  | 1994 | 343,000 | 129,000 | 214,000 | 52.1 | 19.5 | 32.5 | 7.31 | 119.6 | 46.45 |
  | 1995 | 355,000 | 131,000 | 224,000 | 52.1 | 19.2 | 32.9 | 7.29 | 118.2 | 46.71 |
  | 1996 | 381,000 | 136,000 | 245,000 | 53.0 | 18.9 | 34.0 | 7.29 | 117.0 | 47.01 |
  | 1997 | 390,000 | 139,000 | 251,000 | 52.4 | 18.7 | 33.7 | 7.27 | 115.6 | 47.22 |
  | 1998 | 403,000 | 143,000 | 260,000 | 52.2 | 18.5 | 33.7 | 7.27 | 114.0 | 47.22 |
  | 1999 | 413,000 | 146,000 | 267,000 | 51.7 | 18.3 | 33.4 | 7.26 | 112.4 | 47.37 |
  | 2000 | 424,000 | 149,000 | 275,000 | 51.3 | 18.1 | 33.2 | 7.25 | 110.7 | 47.44 |
  | 2001 | 436,000 | 151,000 | 285,000 | 51.1 | 17.7 | 33.4 | 7.23 | 108.8 | 47.85 |
  | 2002 | 444,000 | 154,000 | 290,000 | 50.3 | 17.4 | 32.9 | 7.20 | 106.8 | 47.95 |
  | 2003 | 457,000 | 157,000 | 300,000 | 49.9 | 17.1 | 32.8 | 7.18 | 105.1 | 48.21 |
  | 2004 | 481,000 | 162,000 | 318,000 | 50.3 | 17.0 | 33.3 | 7.16 | 103.4 | 48.23 |
  | 2005 | 503,000 | 168,000 | 335,000 | 50.3 | 16.8 | 33.5 | 7.13 | 101.5 | 48.31 |
  | 2006 | 517,000 | 173,000 | 344,000 | 49.9 | 16.7 | 33.2 | 7.12 | 99.7 | 48.29 |
  | 2007 | 533,000 | 175,000 | 359,000 | 49.7 | 16.3 | 33.4 | 7.09 | 97.5 | 48.75 |
  | 2008 | 546,000 | 177,000 | 368,000 | 49.2 | 16.0 | 33.2 | 7.06 | 95.4 | 49.02 |
  | 2009 | 562,000 | 181,000 | 381,000 | 48.9 | 15.8 | 33.2 | 7.02 | 93.2 | 49.20 |
  | 2010 | 580,000 | 183,000 | 397,000 | 48.8 | 15.4 | 33.3 | 6.99 | 91.1 | 49.58 |
  | 2011 | 595,000 | 185,000 | 410,000 | 48.4 | 15.1 | 33.3 | 6.95 | 88.9 | 50.01 |
  | 2012 | 612,000 | 187,000 | 426,000 | 48.0 | 14.6 | 33.4 | 6.91 | 86.6 | 50.54 |
  | 2013 | 626,000 | 190,000 | 437,000 | 47.5 | 14.4 | 33.1 | 6.84 | 84.5 | 50.78 |
  | 2014 | 643,000 | 192,000 | 451,000 | 47.0 | 14.0 | 33.0 | 6.78 | 82.6 | 51.20 |
  | 2015 | 657,000 | 194,000 | 463,000 | 46.4 | 13.7 | 32.7 | 6.71 | 80.6 | 51.59 |
  | 2016 | 663,000 | 194,000 | 469,000 | 45.5 | 13.3 | 32.2 | 6.62 | 78.5 | 52.08 |
  | 2017 | 676,000 | 197,000 | 479,000 | 44.8 | 13.0 | 31.8 | 6.54 | 76.3 | 52.31 |
  | 2018 | 691,000 | 197,000 | 494,000 | 44.4 | 12.7 | 31.7 | 6.46 | 74.2 | 52.83 |
  | 2019 | 714,000 | 200,000 | 514,000 | 44.2 | 12.4 | 31.9 | 6.41 | 72.2 | 53.26 |
  | 2020 | 730,000 | 208,000 | 522,000 | 43.8 | 12.5 | 31.4 | 6.35 | 70.2 | 52.78 |
  | 2021 | 745,000 | 215,000 | 530,000 | 43.4 | 12.5 | 30.9 | 6.26 | 68.2 | 52.53 |
  
  Fuente: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022
  
  ### Natalidad y nacimientos
  
  Tasa de natalidad (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) y la tasa de natalidad cruda (CBR):
  
  | Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | 1996-97 | 47,8 | 6,6 (6,3) | 44,4 | 6,1 (5,7) | 48,8 | 6,8 (6,5) |
  | 2004 | 44,6 | 6,3 (6,1) | 41,8 | 5,7 (5,5) | 45,3 | 6,5 (6,2) |
  | 2014-15 | 40,5 | 6,4 (6,1) | 36,0 | 5,4 (5,1) | 41,8 | 6,8 (6,5) |
  
  Datos de fertilidad son del 2014-2015 (DHS Program):
  
  | Region | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 |
  | - | - | - | - |
  | Batha | 7.3 | 12.2 | 8.3 |
  | Borkou, Tibesti | 5.3 | 9.6 | 6.4 |
  | Chari Baguirmi | 6.6 | 16.1 | 7.7 |
  | Guéra | 6.7 | 14.6 | 8.4 |
  | Hadjer-Lamis | 6.8 | 14.5 | 8.4 |
  | Kanem | 6.0 | 14.8 | 7.1 |
  | Lac | 5.4 | 14.7 | 7.9 |
  | Logone Occidental | 6.4 | 12.7 | 7.6 |
  | Logone Oriental | 7.6 | 12.7 | 8.3 |
  | Mandoul | 6.5 | 12.7 | 7.7 |
  | Mayo Kebbi Est | 6.7 | 15.0 | 7.3 |
  | Mayo Kebbi Ouest | 7.5 | 13.8 | 7.9 |
  | Moyen Chari | 5.5 | 12.6 | 6.8 |
  | Ouaddaï | 6.1 | 13.1 | 7.1 |
  | Salamat | 6.5 | 19.7 | 8.0 |
  | Tandjilé | 7.1 | 13.1 | 8.0 |
  | Wadi Fira | 5.9 | 12.2 | 6.5 |
  | N’Djaména | 5.2 | 9.4 | 6.5 |
  | Barh El Gazal | 5.6 | 14.5 | 7.1 |
  | Ennedi Est, Ennedi Ouest | 5.0 | 13.4 | 6.3 |
  | Sila | 6.7 | 19.6 | 7.7 |
  
  ## Crecimiento de la población
  
  * Tasa de natalidad: 44.25 nac./1.000 pers.
  * Tasa de mortalidad: 17.44 fallec./1.000 pers.
  * Tasa de inmigración neta: 0 emigrantes/1.000 pers.
  * Tasa de mortalidad infantil: 120.4 fallec./1.000 nacidos vivos
  * Tasa de fertilidad: 5.84 niños nacidos por mujer
  
  ## Hombres y mujeres
  
  * Al nacimiento: 1.04 hombres/mujeres
  * Más de 65 años: 0.79 hombres/mujeres
  * Todas las edades: 0.97 hombres/mujeres
  
  ## Esperanza de vida
  
  Para el 2022, se estimaba que la esperanza de vida del total de la población correspondía a 59.15 años
  
  * Hombres:57.32 años
  * Mujeres:61.06 años
  
  ## Divisiones étnicas
  
  * Norte y centro: Musulmanes (árabes, Toubou o Tubu, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko (Etnia), Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Pueblo troglodita, Zaghawa, y Maba (Etnia))
  * Sur: no-Musulmanes (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa (Etnia)), Masalit, quienes son mayoritariamente musulmanes, han mantenido muchas de sus prácticas preislámicas, Pueblo kanuri, Pueblos hadjarai, compuesto por 15 grupos étnicos, Goula (Etnia)
  * Distribuidos:Pueblo hausa
  * Nómadas: Baggara
  
  ## Religión
  
  * Musulmanes 51.8 %
  * Católicos: 20.3%
  * Protestantes: 23.5%
  * Animistas: 0.6%
  
  ## Idioma
  
  Francés (oficial), árabe (oficial), Sara y Sango (en sur), más de 100 idiomas y dialectos.
  
  ## Alfabetismo
  
  Leen y escriben con más de 15 años: en francés o árabe
  
  * De la población total: 22.3% (2016 est.)
  * Hombres: 31.3% (2016 est.)
  * Mujeres: 14% (2016 est.)
  