Munsee
# Munsee

Munsee es una lengua en vías de extinción del subgrupo Algonquino Oriental, sendo una de las dos lenguas de los Lenape. Es muy cerca de la extinta Unami, la otra idioma Lenape. El Munsee fue antiguamente hablado por nativos en la actual Ciudad de Nueva York y las áreas vecinas, más precisamente Manhattan, Staten Island, el sul del valle del Río Hudson, el oeste de Long Island, el norte de Nueva Jersey, y el nordeste de Pensilvania.

## Fonología

### Consonantes

Consonantes Munsee :

| | Bilabial | Dental | Postalveolar | Velar | Glotal |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Stop | p | t | č [tʃ] | k | |
| Fricativa | | s | š [ʃ] | x | h |
| Nasal | m | n | | |
| Lateral | | l | | | |
| Semivogales | (w) | | y [j] | w | |

### Vocales

Vocales Munsee :

| | Frontal | Central | Posterior |
| - | - | - | - |
| Cerrada | i• [iː], i [ɪ] | | o• [oː], o [ʊ] |
| Media | e• [ɛː], e [ɛ] | ə |
| Abierta | | a• [aː], a [ʌ] | |

## Ortografía

Comparación entre las ortografías “práctica” y “linguística” del Munsee con el uso del alfabeto latino: :

| Lingüística | Práctica | Español | Lingüística | Práctica | Español | Lingüística | Práctica | Español | Lingüística | Práctica | Español |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| ampi•lamé•kwa•n | ambiilaméekwaan | aguja | nkwə́ta•š | ngwútaash | seis | wčéht | wchéht | músculo | ăpánšəy | ăpánzhuy | madera |
| nə̆wánsi•n | nŭwánsiin | yo olvidé | xwánsal | xwánzal | hermano más viejo de él | ní•ša•š | níishaash | siete | ntəší•nsi | ndushíinzi | yo me llamo así y así |
| máske•kw | máskeekw | pantano | xá•š | xáash | ocho | ăpwá•n | ăpwáan | ”pan | óhpwe•w | óhpweew | él fuma |
| wə́sksəw | wúsksuw | él es joven | ătíhte•w | ătíhteew | está maduro | kíhkay | kíhkay | jefe | máxkw | máxkw | oso |
| kwi•škwtó•nhe•w | kwiishkwtóonheew | él susurra | áhpăpo•n | áhpăpoon | silla | xwáškwšəš | xwáshkwshush | rata almizclera | pé•nkwan | péenɡwan | está seco |

## Bibliografía

* Blalock, Lucy, Bruce Pearson y James Rementer. 1994. The Delaware Language. Bartlesville, OK: Delaware Tribe of Indians.
* Brinton, Daniel G., y Albert Seqaqkind Anthony. 1888. A Lenâpé-English dictionary. From an anonymous manuscript in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
* Delaware Nation Council. 1992. Lunaapeew Dictionary. Basic Words. Part One. Moraviantown: Delaware Nation Council.
* Goddard, Ives. 1974a. "Dutch Loanwords in Delaware." Herbert C. Kraft, ed. A Delaware Indian Symposium, pp. 153–160. Anthropological Series No. 4. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
* Goddard, Ives. 1977. "Some early examples of American Indian Pidgin English from New England." International Journal of American Linguistics 43: 37-41.
* Goddard, Ives. 1979a. "Comparative Algonquian." Lyle Campbell y Marianne Mithun, eds, The languages of Native America, pp. 70–132. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74624-5
* Goddard, Ives. 1994. "The West-to-East Cline in Algonquian Dialetoology." William Cowan, redactor, Papers of the 25th Algonquian Conference, pp. 187–211. Ottawa: Carleton University. ISSN 0831-5671
* Michelson, Truman. 1922. [Field notes collected at Moraviantown and Six Nations]. Ms. 1635. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
* Pearson, Bruce. 1988. A Grammar of Delaware: Semantics, Morpho-Syntax, Lexicon, Fonologia. Dewey, OK: Touching Leaves Indian Crafts.
* Zeisberger, David. 1887. Ebenezer N. Horsford, ed., Zeisberger's Indian Dictionary, English, German, Iroquois — the Onondaga, and Algonquin — the Delaware. Cambridge, MA: John Wilson.
* Cohen, Patricia. 2010. Indian Tribes Go in Search of Their Lost Languages, New York Times, April 6, 2010, C1
* Costa, David. J. 2007. "The dialetoology of Southern New England Algonquian. H.C. Wolfart, ed. Papers of the 38th Algonquian Conference, pp. 81-127. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
* Dahlstrom, Amy. 1995. "Motivation vs. Predictability in Algonquian gender.” H. C. Wolfart, ed., Papers of the Thirty-Third Algonquian Conference, 52-66. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
* Goddard, Ives. 1971. "The ethnohistorical implications of early Delaware linguistic materials." Man in the Northeast 1: 14-26.
* Goddard, Ives. 1974. "The Delaware Language, Past and Present." Herbert C. Kraft, ed. A Delaware Indian Symposium, pp. 103–110. Anthropological Series No. 4. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
* Goddard, Ives. 1978. "Eastern Algonquian Languages." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15, Northeast, pp. 70–77. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
* Goddard, Ives. 1978a. "Delaware." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15. Northeast, pp. 213–239. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
* Goddard, Ives. 1979. Delaware Verbal Morphology. New York: Garland. ISBN 978-0-8240-9685-4
* Goddard, Ives. 1982. "Munsee historical Fonologia." International Journal of American Linguistics 48: 16-48.
* Goddard, Ives. 1990. "Aspects of the Topic Structure of Fox Narratives: Proximate Shifts and the Use of Overt and Inflectional NPs." International Journal of American Linguistics 56: 317-340
* Goddard, Ives. 1996. "Introduction." Ives Goddard, ed., The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 17. Languages, pp. 1–16. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9
* Goddard, Ives. 2002. "Grammatical gender in Algonquian." H.C. Wolfart, ed., Papers of the Thirty-Third Algonquian Conference, pp. 195–231. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. ISSN 0831-5671
* Kraft, Herbert. 1986. The Lenape: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-911020-14-4
* Kraft, Herbert. 1986a. "Settlement Patterns in the Upper Delaware Valley." Jay F. Custer, ed., Late Woodland Cultures of the Middle Atlantic Region, pp. 102–115. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-285-4
* McDowell, Adam. 2009. "More than words: Can Canada's dying languages be saved? (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).
* Nichols, John D. and Earl Nyholm. 1995. A concise dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-2427-5
* O'Meara, John. 1992. "Intransitive Verbs with Secondary Objects in Munsee Delaware." W. Cowan, ed., Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Algonquian Conference, pp. 322–333. Ottawa: Carleton University. ISSN 0831-5671
* O'Meara, John. 1996. Delaware/English - English/Delaware Dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-0670-7
* Rudes, Blair. 1997. 1997. "Resurrecting Wampano (Quiripi) from the dead: Phonological preliminaries." Anthropological Linguistics 39: 1-59
* Snow, Dean. 1978. "Late prehistory of the East coast." Bruce Trigger, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15. Northeast, pp. 58-. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-004575-4
* Williams, Lorraine E. 1995. "Indians and Europeans in the Delaware River Valley, 1620-1655." Carol E. Hoffecker, Richard Waldron, Lorraine E. Williams, and Barbara E. Benson, eds., New Sweden in America, pp. 112–120. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-520-6

## Enlaces externas

* Munsee en Omniglot.com
* Munsee en Ethnologue
* Munsee en Nativa Languages
* Lunaapeew Language, Delaware Nation Language, Cultural and Historical Department
* Munsee, Ramapough Lenaape Nation
* Language & Culture Committee, Stockbridge Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians
* Collection of Hymns, in Muncey and English, for the Use of the Native Indians, 1874
* OLAC resources in and about the Munsee language
* Site devoted to the study of the Munsee Delaware language
