title: Liste des degrés d'oxydation des éléments
text: # Liste des degrés d'oxydation des éléments
  
  Il s'agit d'une liste de l'ensemble des degrés d'oxydation des éléments chimiques, excluant les valeurs non entières de celui-ci. Les valeurs les plus courantes sont notées en gras. Ce tableau est basé sur le travail de Greenwood et Earnshaw publié en 1997 complété avec d'autres références.
  
  ## Tableau des degrés d'oxydation
  
  * (colonne) : Éléments
  * (lignes) : Gaz nobles
  
  | Numéro atomique | Élément | Degrés d'oxydation négatifs | Degrés d'oxydation négatifs | Degrés d'oxydation négatifs | Degrés d'oxydation négatifs | Degrés d'oxydation négatifs | | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Degrés d'oxydation positifs | Groupe de l'élément | Références |
  | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
  | | | −5 | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | +9 | | |
  | 1 | hydrogène | | | | | −1 | H | +1 | | | | | | | | | 1 | |
  | 2 | hélium | | | | | | He | | | | | | | | | | 18 | |
  | 3 | lithium | | | | | | Li | +1 | | | | | | | | | 1 | |
  | 4 | béryllium | | | | | | Be | +1 | +2 | | | | | | | | 2 | |
  | 5 | bore | −5 | | | | −1 | B | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | 13 | $^,$ |
  | 6 | carbone | | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | C | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 14 | |
  | 7 | azote | | | −3 | −2 | −1 | N | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 15 | |
  | 8 | oxygène | | | | −2 | −1 | O | +1 | +2 | | | | | | | | 16 | |
  | 9 | fluor | | | | | −1 | F | | | | | | | | | | 17 | |
  | 10 | néon | | | | | | Ne | | | | | | | | | | 18 | |
  | 11 | sodium | | | | | −1 | Na | +1 | | | | | | | | | 1 | |
  | 12 | magnésium | | | | | | Mg | +1 | +2 | | | | | | | | 2 | |
  | 13 | aluminium | | | | −2 | −1 | Al | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | 13 | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 14 | silicium | | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | Si | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 14 | |
  | 15 | phosphore | | | −3 | −2 | −1 | P | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 15 | |
  | 16 | soufre | | | | −2 | −1 | S | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 16 | |
  | 17 | chlore | | | | | −1 | Cl | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | | | 17 | |
  | 18 | argon | | | | | | Ar | | | | | | | | | | 18 | |
  | 19 | potassium | | | | | −1 | K | +1 | | | | | | | | | 1 | |
  | 20 | calcium | | | | | −1 | Ca | +1 | +2 | | | | | | | | 2 | $^,$ |
  | 21 | scandium | | | | | | Sc | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | 3 | |
  | 22 | titane | | | | −2 | −1 | Ti | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 4 | $^,^,$ |
  | 23 | vanadium | | | −3 | | −1 | V | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 5 | |
  | 24 | chrome | | −4 | | −2 | −1 | Cr | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 6 | |
  | 25 | manganèse | | | −3 | −2 | −1 | Mn | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | | | 7 | |
  | 26 | fer | | −4 | | −2 | −1 | Fe | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 8 | $^,^,$ |
  | 27 | cobalt | | | −3 | | −1 | Co | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 9 | |
  | 28 | nickel | | | | −2 | −1 | Ni | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 10 | $^,$ |
  | 29 | cuivre | | | | −2 | | Cu | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 11 | |
  | 30 | zinc | | | | −2 | | Zn | +1 | +2 | | | | | | | | 12 | $^,$ |
  | 31 | gallium | −5 | −4 | | −2 | −1 | Ga | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | 13 | $^,$ |
  | 32 | germanium | | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | Ge | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 14 | |
  | 33 | arsenic | | | −3 | −2 | −1 | As | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 15 | $^,^,$ |
  | 34 | sélénium | | | | −2 | −1 | Se | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 16 | $^,$ |
  | 35 | brome | | | | | −1 | Br | +1 | | +3 | +4 | +5 | | +7 | | | 17 | |
  | 36 | krypton | | | | | | Kr | | +2 | | | | | | | | 18 | |
  | 37 | rubidium | | | | | −1 | Rb | +1 | | | | | | | | | 1 | |
  | 38 | strontium | | | | | | Sr | +1 | +2 | | | | | | | | 2 | |
  | 39 | yttrium | | | | | | Y | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | 3 | |
  | 40 | zirconium | | | | −2 | | Zr | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 4 | $^,$ |
  | 41 | niobium | | | −3 | | −1 | Nb | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 5 | $^,$ |
  | 42 | molybdène | | −4 | | −2 | −1 | Mo | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 6 | |
  | 43 | technétium | | | −3 | | −1 | Tc | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | | | 7 | |
  | 44 | ruthénium | | −4 | | −2 | | Ru | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | | 8 | $^,$ |
  | 45 | rhodium | | | −3 | | −1 | Rh | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 9 | |
  | 46 | palladium | | | | | | Pd | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 10 | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 47 | argent | | | | −2 | −1 | Ag | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 11 | $^,^,$ |
  | 48 | cadmium | | | | −2 | | Cd | +1 | +2 | | | | | | | | 12 | |
  | 49 | indium | −5 | | | −2 | −1 | In | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | 13 | $^,^,$ |
  | 50 | étain | | −4 | −3 | −2 | −1 | Sn | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 14 | $^,$ |
  | 51 | antimoine | | | −3 | −2 | −1 | Sb | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 15 | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 52 | tellure | | | | −2 | −1 | Te | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 16 | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 53 | iode | | | | | −1 | I | +1 | | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | | | 17 | $^,$ |
  | 54 | xénon | | | | | | Xe | | +2 | | +4 | | +6 | | +8 | | 18 | |
  | 55 | césium | | | | | −1 | Cs | +1 | | | | | | | | | 1 | |
  | 56 | baryum | | | | | | Ba | +1 | +2 | | | | | | | | 2 | |
  | 57 | lanthane | | | | | | La | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 58 | cérium | | | | | | Ce | | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 59 | praséodyme | | | | | | Pr | | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 60 | néodyme | | | | | | Nd | | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 61 | prométhium | | | | | | Pm | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | $^,$ |
  | 62 | samarium | | | | | | Sm | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 63 | europium | | | | | | Eu | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 64 | gadolinium | | | | | | Gd | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 65 | terbium | | | | | | Tb | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 66 | dysprosium | | | | | | Dy | | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 67 | holmium | | | | | | Ho | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 68 | erbium | | | | | | Er | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 69 | thulium | | | | | | Tm | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 70 | ytterbium | | | | | | Yb | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 71 | lutétium | | | | | | Lu | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | 3 | |
  | 72 | hafnium | | | | −2 | | Hf | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 4 | $^,$ |
  | 73 | tantale | | | −3 | | −1 | Ta | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 5 | $^,$ |
  | 74 | tungstène | | −4 | | −2 | −1 | W | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 6 | |
  | 75 | rhénium | | | −3 | | −1 | Re | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | | | 7 | |
  | 76 | osmium | | −4 | | −2 | −1 | Os | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | | 8 | $^,^,$ |
  | 77 | iridium | | | −3 | | −1 | Ir | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | +9 | 9 | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 78 | platine | | | −3 | −2 | −1 | Pt | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 10 | $^,^,$ |
  | 79 | or | | | −3 | −2 | −1 | Au | +1 | +2 | +3 | | +5 | | | | | 11 | |
  | 80 | mercure | | | | −2 | | Hg | +1 | +2 | | +4 | | | | | | 12 | $^,$ |
  | 81 | thallium | −5 | | | −2 | −1 | Tl | +1 | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | 13 | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 82 | plomb | | −4 | | −2 | −1 | Pb | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | 14 | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 83 | bismuth | | | −3 | −2 | −1 | Bi | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | 15 | $^,^,$ |
  | 84 | polonium | | | | −2 | | Po | | +2 | | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | 16 | |
  | 85 | astate | | | | | −1 | At | +1 | | +3 | | +5 | | +7 | | | 17 | |
  | 86 | radon | | | | | | Rn | | +2 | | | | +6 | | | | 18 | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 87 | francium | | | | | | Fr | +1 | | | | | | | | | 1 | |
  | 88 | radium | | | | | | Ra | | +2 | | | | | | | | 2 | |
  | 89 | actinium | | | | | | Ac | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 90 | thorium | | | | | | Th | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 91 | protactinium | | | | | | Pa | | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | | | | | | |
  | 92 | uranium | | | | | | U | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | | | | | $^,$ |
  | 93 | neptunium | | | | | | Np | | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | | | | |
  | 94 | plutonium | | | | | | Pu | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | | | $^,^,$ |
  | 95 | américium | | | | | | Am | | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | | | $^,$ |
  | 96 | curium | | | | | | Cm | | +2 | +3 | +4 | | +6 | | | | | $^,^,^,$ |
  | 97 | berkélium | | | | | | Bk | | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 98 | californium | | | | | | Cf | | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 99 | einsteinium | | | | | | Es | | +2 | +3 | +4 | | | | | | | |
  | 100 | fermium | | | | | | Fm | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 101 | mendélévium | | | | | | Md | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 102 | nobélium | | | | | | No | | +2 | +3 | | | | | | | | |
  | 103 | lawrencium | | | | | | Lr | | | +3 | | | | | | | 3 | |
  | 104 | rutherfordium | | | | | | Rf | | | | +4 | | | | | | 4 | |
  | 105 | dubnium | | | | | | Db | | | | | +5 | | | | | 5 | |
  | 106 | seaborgium | | | | | | Sg | | | | | | +6 | | | | 6 | |
  | 107 | bohrium | | | | | | Bh | | | | | | | +7 | | | 7 | |
  | 108 | hassium | | | | | | Hs | | | | | | | | +8 | | 8 | |
  
  En 1919, dans l'un de ses premiers articles sur la règle de l'octet, Irving Langmuir présente ses résultats sous la forme du graphique montré ci-après. La périodicité des états d'oxydation, manifeste sur la figure, a été l'un des arguments décisifs en faveur de cette règle de l'octet.
  
  