Tetris Tetris ( , pronounced -LSB- ˈtɛtrʲɪs -RSB- ) is a tile-matching puzzle video game , originally designed and programmed by Russian game designer Alexey Pajitnov . It was released on June 6 , 1984 , while he was working for the Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Moscow . He derived its name from the Greek numerical prefix tetra - ( all of the game 's pieces contain four segments ) and tennis , Pajitnov 's favorite sport .   Tetris was the first entertainment software to be exported from the USSR to the US , where it was published by Spectrum HoloByte for Commodore 64 and IBM PC . The Tetris game is a popular use of tetrominoes , the four-element special case of polyominoes . Polyominoes have been used in popular puzzles since at least 1907 , and the name was given by the mathematician Solomon W. Golomb in 1953 . However , even the enumeration of pentominoes is dated to antiquity .   The game ( or one of its many variants ) is available for nearly every video game console and computer operating system , as well as on devices such as graphing calculators , mobile phones , portable media players , PDAs , Network music players and even as an Easter egg on non-media products like oscilloscopes . It has even inspired Tetris serving dishes and been played on the sides of various buildings .   While versions of Tetris were sold for a range of 1980s home computer platforms as well as arcades , it was the hugely successful handheld version for the Game Boy launched in 1989 that established the game as one of the most popular ever . Electronic Gaming Monthly '' 's 100th issue had Tetris in first place as `` Greatest Game of All Time '' . In 2007 , Tetris came in second place in IGN 's `` 100 Greatest Video Games of All Time '' . In January 2010 , it was announced that the Tetris franchise had sold more than 170 million copies , approximately 70 million physical copies and over 100 million copies for cell phones , making it the best selling paid-downloaded game of all time . On 14 March 2014 , The Tetris Company announced a deal to bring Tetris '' to two of the latest hardware platforms , the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 , in partnership with Ubisoft ( publishing ) and SoMa Play ( development ) , to coincide with the franchise 's 30th anniversary .
Topological game A topological game is an infinite game of perfect information played between two players on a topological space . Players choose objects with topological properties such as points , open sets , closed sets and open coverings . Time is generally discrete , but the plays may have transfinite lengths , and extensions to continuum time have been put forth . The conditions for a player to win can involve notions like topological closure and convergence .   It turns out that some fundamental topological constructions have a natural counterpart in topological games ; examples of these are the Baire property , Baire spaces , completeness and convergence properties , separation properties , covering and base properties , continuous images , Suslin sets , and singular spaces . At the same time , some topological properties that arise naturally in topological games can be generalized beyond a game-theoretic context : by virtue of this duality , topological games have been widely used to describe new properties of topological spaces , and to put known properties under a different light . There are also close links with selection principles .   The term topological game was first introduced by Claude Berge ,  who defined the basic ideas and formalism in analogy with topological groups . A different meaning for topological game , the concept of `` topological properties defined by games '' , was introduced in the paper of Rastislav Telgársky ,  and later `` spaces defined by topological games '' ;  this approach is based on analogies with matrix games , differential games and statistical games , and defines and studies topological games within topology . After more than 35 years , the term `` topological game '' became widespread , and appeared in several hundreds of publications . The survey paper of Telgársky  emphasizes the origin of topological games from the Banach -- Mazur game .   There are two other meanings of topological games , but these are used less frequently .   The term topological game introduced by Leon Petrosjan in the study of antagonistic pursuit-evasion games . The trajectories in these topological games are continuous in time .  The games of Nash ( the Hex games ) , the Milnor games ( Y games ) , the Shapley games ( projective plane games ) , and Gale 's games ( Bridg-It games ) were called topological games by David Gale in his invited address -LSB- 1979/80 -RSB- . The number of moves in these games is always finite . The discovery or rediscovery of these topological games goes back to years 1948 -- 49 . List of Pokémon The Pokémon franchise revolves around 802 eponymous fictional species of characters , each having unique designs and skills . The vast array of creatures is commonly divided into `` Generations '' , with each division encompassing new main series titles and a change of handheld platform . Generation I refers to Red , Green , Blue and Yellow ; Generation II refers to Gold , Silver , and Crystal ; Generation III refers to Ruby , Sapphire , and Emerald ; Generation IV refers to Diamond , Pearl , and Platinum ; Generation V refers to Black , White , Black 2 , and White 2 , Generation VI refers to X and Y ; and Generation VII refers to Sun and Moon . Each Generation is also marked by the addition of new Pokémon : 151 in Generation I , 100 in Generation II , 135 in Generation III , 107 in Generation IV , 156 in Generation V , 72 in Generation VI , and 81 in Generation VII .   Originally , all Pokémon were designed by Ken Sugimori , however , by 2013 a team of 20 artists worked together to create new species designs . Sugimori and Hironobu Yoshida lead the team and determine the final designs . Designs , in general , have become increasingly complex and thematic in newer games . The new Pokémon of Generation VI , for example , are heavily influenced by the culture and fauna of Europe ( namely France ) . Each iteration of the series has brought about praise and criticism over the numerous creatures . Multiple Pokémon feature alternate forms that change their appearance , stats , and viable attacks ; however , these do not count as separate species . Furthermore , 48 creatures are capable of undergoing Mega Evolution or Primal Reversion , a variant of normal evolution that is akin to a form change ( including a modest change in appearance alongside stat buffs ) .   Due to the large number of Pokémon , listing of each species is divided into articles by generation . All 802 Pokémon are organized by their number in the National Pokédex -- an in-game electronic encyclopedia that provides various information on Pokémon . The National Pokédex is subdivided into regional Pokédex series , each revolving around species introduced at the time of their respective generations along with older generations . For example , the Johto Pokédex , Generation II , covers the 100 species introduced in Gold and Silver in addition to the original 151 species . The encyclopedias follow a general ordering : starter Pokémon are listed first , followed by species obtainable early in the respective games , and are concluded with Legendary and Mythical Pokémon . Trick-taking game A trick-taking game is a card game or tile-based game in which play of a `` hand '' centers on a series of finite rounds or units of play , called tricks , which are each evaluated to determine a winner or `` taker '' of that trick . The object of such games then may be closely tied to the number of tricks taken , as in plain-trick games such as Whist , contract bridge , Spades , Napoleon , Euchre , Rowboat , Clubs and Spoil Five , or to the value of the cards contained in taken tricks , as in point-trick games such as Pinochle , the Tarot family , Mariage , Rook , All Fours , Manille , Briscola , and most `` evasion '' games like Hearts . The domino game Texas 42 is an example of a trick-taking game that is not a card game .   Trick-and-draw games are trick-taking games in which the players can fill up their hands after each trick . Typically , players are free to play any card into a trick in the first phase of the game , but must follow suit as soon as the score is depleted . Knight Moves (video game) Knight Moves is a puzzle video game released for Windows in 1995 . It is based on a similar game , Knight Move ( note that `` Move '' is singular in this version ) created by Alexey Pajitnov of Tetris fame , though he had no part in the creation of this game .   The player controls a chess knight , and must navigate around various hazards and enemies to pick up power-ups and treasure . List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide .   Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games .   For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games . Chaos game In mathematics , the term chaos game originally referred to a method of creating a fractal , using a polygon and an initial point selected at random inside it . The fractal is created by iteratively creating a sequence of points , starting with the initial random point , in which each point in the sequence is a given fraction of the distance between the previous point and one of the vertices of the polygon ; the vertex is chosen at random in each iteration . Repeating this iterative process a large number of times , selecting the vertex at random on each iteration , and throwing out the first few points in the sequence , will often ( but not always ) produce a fractal shape . Using a regular triangle and the factor 1/2 will result in the Sierpinski triangle , while creating the proper arrangement with four points and a factor 1/2 will create a display of a `` Sierpinski Tetrahedron '' , the three-dimensional analogue of the Sierpinski triangle . As the number of points is increased to a number N , the arrangement forms a corresponding ( N-1 ) - dimensional Sierpinski Simplex .   The term has been generalized to refer to a method of generating the attractor , or the fixed point , of any iterated function system ( IFS ) . Starting with any point x0 , successive iterations are formed as xk +1 = fr ( xk ) , where fr is a member of the given IFS randomly selected for each iteration . The iterations converge to the fixed point of the IFS . Whenever x0 belongs to the attractor of the IFS , all iterations xk stay inside the attractor and , with probability 1 , form a dense set in the latter .   The `` chaos game '' method plots points in random order all over the attractor . This is in contrast to other methods of drawing fractals , which test each pixel on the screen to see whether it belongs to the fractal . The general shape of a fractal can be plotted quickly with the `` chaos game '' method , but it may be difficult to plot some areas of the fractal in detail .   The `` chaos game '' method is mentioned in Tom Stoppard 's 1993 play Arcadia .   With the aid of the `` chaos game '' a new fractal can be made and while making the new fractal some parameters can be obtained . These parameters are useful for applications of fractal theory such as classification and identification . The new fractal is self-similar to the original in some important features such as fractal dimension .   If in the `` chaos game '' you start at each vertex and go through all possible paths that the game can take , you will get the same image as with only taking one random path . However , taking more than one path is rarely done since the overhead for keeping track of every path makes it far slower to calculate . This method does have the advantages of illustrating how the fractal is formed more clearly than the standard method as well as being deterministic . Progressive jackpot A progressive jackpot is a jackpot ( a gambling grand prize or payout ) which increases each time the game is played but the jackpot is not won . When the progressive jackpot is won , the jackpot for the next play is reset to a predetermined value , and resumes increasing under the same rule .   Many slot machines and video poker machines feature a progressive jackpot . The jackpot increases by a small predetermined amount each time the game is played . Often multiple machines are pooled or linked together to form a larger progressive jackpot which grows more quickly because more non-winning plays can be counted toward it .   Many lotteries feature progressive jackpots . After each drawing in which the jackpot is not won , a large amount of money is `` carried forward '' to the jackpot for next drawing . Tetris Attack Tetris Attack is a 1995 puzzle video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy . It is the first game in the Puzzle League series . While it was originally known in Japan as Panel de Pon ( パネルでポン Paneru de Pon ) for the Super Famicom and featured different art assets and characters , its English localization was replaced with characters from Super Mario World 2 : Yoshi 's Island . It was released on the Game Boy under the same name . The Game Boy release of the Yoshi version was also later released in Japan . On November 3 , 1996 , a version was released for the Super Famicom 's Satellaview satellite modem service as . This game is similar to the Baku Baku Animal , developed by Sega in 1995 .   Despite using the Tetris name , this game has no resemblance to its Russian namesake . This has led Henk Rogers of The Tetris Company to say that he regrets granting permission to Nintendo to use the name . List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years .   In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media . Pokémon (video game series) Pokémon is a series of video games developed by Game Freak and Creatures Inc. and published by Nintendo as part of the Pokémon media franchise . First released in 1996 in Japan for the Game Boy , the main series of role-playing video games ( RPGs ) has continued on each generation of Nintendo 's handhelds .   The games are commonly released in pairs -- each with slight variations -- with an enhanced remake of the games usually released a few years after the original versions . While the main series consists of role-playing games , spinoffs encompass other genres , such as action role-playing , puzzle , and digital pet games .   , more than 279 million Pokémon games have been sold worldwide , more than 200 million of which from the main series . This makes Pokémon the third best-selling video game franchise , behind Nintendo 's own Mario franchise and the Tetris series of block puzzle games . The franchise 's mascot is Pikachu . Star (game theory) In combinatorial game theory , star , written as or , is the value given to the game where both players have only the option of moving to the zero game . Star may also be denoted as the surreal form -LCB- 0 | 0 -RCB- . This game is an unconditional first-player win .   Star , as defined by John Conway in Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays , is a value , but not a number in the traditional sense . Star is not zero , but neither positive nor negative , and is therefore said to be fuzzy and confused with ( a fourth alternative that means neither `` less than '' , `` equal to '' , nor `` greater than '' ) 0 . It is less than all positive rational numbers , and greater than all negative rationals . Since the rationals are dense in the reals , this also makes * greater than any negative real , and less than any positive real .   Games other than -LCB- 0 | 0 -RCB- may have value * . For example , the game , where the values are nimbers , has value * despite each player having more options than simply moving to 0 . Super World Court is a tennis arcade game which had been released by Namco in 1992 only in Japan ; it runs on Namco NA-1 hardware , and as the name suggests , it is the sequel to Pro Tennis : World Court which was released four years earlier . It is also the second of the company 's two Japan-exclusive games to feature the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's `` Winners Do n't Use Drugs '' screen in its attract sequence ( as the first was Exvania ) , and at the start of the game , players must select either `` singles '' ( 1P vs CPU/2P ) or `` doubles '' ( 1P & CPU/2P vs 3P/CPU & 4P/CPU ) - they will then have to select one of sixteen new players ( seven male , six female , and three animal/robot , as none of the original 's players survived the transition from 5121 to 4096 colours ) and select one of the four new courts ( USA hard , France clay , GB grass , and Namco funny , the last of which must be the equivalent of Japan ) . The players must then decide whether they want their match to be one or three sets long ; the company 's signature character , Pac-Man , also makes a cameo appearance upon the Namco court ( in fact , there are five of him in the screenshot to the right , playing the parts of ball boys , and if the players hit the two on the sides of the court , who pick up the ball when it hits the net , they will fly across the court while shouting `` NO ! '' , but will reappear on the other side of it the next time a point is scored , and this also applies to the regular ball boys on the other courts ) . Also , whenever a player scores a point , the text `` NICE SHOT '' will appear under a portrait of their chosen player , and there 's also a timer that counts down from a maximum of 360 seconds ( depending on how the cabinet has been set ) in the top-right corner of the screen ; if it has run out by the time a set has been won , the players will have to insert another coin within ten seconds if they wish to continue playing , because if they do not , the losing player ( or team , if three or four players ) shall immediately forfeit the game . Prize Bingo Prize Bingo is a game derived from standard Bingo games which is particularly popular in UK seaside resorts . Rather than winning cash prizes as per normal bingo , Prize Bingo instead offers points to the winner of each game which can be redeemed in a dedicated shop near to or within the Prize Bingo area although some games reward players with free games or tokens .   Prize Bingo is usually found in UK amusement arcades , particularly in seaside resorts such as Blackpool . Essentially , a prize bingo installation is a set of linked slot machines .   Early forms of prize bingo had a ` ball machine ' - this mixed up colour-coded balls with each number on and the machine would release numbers when a button was pressed , these would be announced by the caller and put aside , being returned to the ` pool ' when the game had finished , usually via some kind of mechanical device . However , in the last few decades , these installations ( if they are still open ) have been converted to electronic operation , with most systems now being controlled by some kind of computer . This has many benefits over traditional methods , including less electromechanical equipment to service , and more importantly , the opportunity for faster games , with the winner being automatically verified by computer , rather than having to shout their numbers out for the caller to check . This article is mainly concerned with the modern electronic systems . Game controller A game controller is a device used with games or entertainment systems to provide input to a video game , typically to control an object or character in the game . A controller is usually connected to a game console or computer by means of a wire or cord , although , since the mid-2000s , wireless controllers have become widespread . Input devices that have been classified as game controllers include keyboards , mouses , gamepads , joysticks , etc. . Special purpose devices , such as steering wheels for driving games and light guns for shooting games , are also game controllers .   Game controllers have been designed and improved over the years to be as user friendly as possible . The Microsoft Xbox controller , with its shoulder triggers that mimic actual triggers such as those found on guns , has become popular for shooting games . Some controllers are designed to be deliberately best for one type of game , such as steering wheels for driving games , or dance pads for dancing games .   One of the first video game controllers was a simple dial and single button , used to control the game Tennis for Two . Controllers have since evolved to include directional pads , multiple buttons , analog sticks , joysticks , motion detection , touch screens and a plethora of other features . Go ranks and ratings Skill in the traditional board game Go is measured by a number of different national , regional and online ranking and rating systems . Traditionally , go rankings have been measured using a system of dan and kyu ranks . Especially in amateur play , these ranks facilitate the handicapping system , with a difference of one rank roughly corresponding to one free move at the beginning of the game . This system is also commonly used in many oriental martial arts , where it often corresponds with a belt color . With the ready availability of calculators and computers , rating systems have been introduced . In such systems , a rating is rigorously calculated on the basis of game results . Antix (video game) Antix is a video game developed by Dmitry Pavlovsky , one of the original developers of the video game Tetris , and realized in 1985 . '' . The game was named Antix by Dmitry , what is short for Antixonix , because it was a version of a game Xonix .   The game has an inverted hidden play field . It was first developed for the Elektronika 60 and then ported to MS-DOS by Dmitry and Vadim Gerasimov . Xonix was very popular at Dorodnicyn Computing Centre , where Dmitry was a computer engineer , and in Moscow before Tetris was made . Pong Research Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' .   Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel .   Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories . Ultimate Soccer Manager Ultimate Soccer Manager or USM is a association football management video game serie for MS-DOS , Commodore Amiga and Windows 95 , produced by Impressions and distributed by Sierra from 1995 to 1999 . The game was a massive hit in Europe ( except in Germany , where it was worse received due to some similarities with managers produced by local software houses such as Software 2000 and Ascaron ) , although it gained little support in Japan .   The series was noted for its micromanagement , where the player had to do the job of the team manager and much of that of the chairman , from player training up to bank balance management . Other well-known features were to bung an opposing team for preferential market treatment , rig or betting on the outcome of the players ' team matches . Interviews after the match where some answers were printed with different interpretations on the next days ' newspaper ( the player could reply a question about the game with `` It was a game of two halves '' , and `` He amazed us after the game by giving us an insight into the rules of football '' would be printed on the newspapers ) .   In all three games , the game always kept the same visual style : the main screen is a bird 's eye view of the stadium facility ( where clicking on the grass brings the squad selection screen or in the stands for the stadium builder ) and all screens are presented like the player was inside an office ( TCM 2004 used a similar interface option ) . To increase the feeling of `` being there '' , tables are accessed via teletext , news from a newspaper and fixtures are available by clicking on a sheet attached on a clipboard .   While improving with each game , most features were the same from the start of the series . The game compared favourably in all areas but AI against its leading competitor , Championship Manager . While similar in name , it has no relations with Ultimate Soccer . Slot machine A slot machine ( American English ) , informally fruit machine ( British English ) , puggy ( Scottish English slang ) , the slots ( Canadian and American English ) , poker machine ( or pokies in slang ) ( Australian English and New Zealand English ) or simply slot ( American English ) , is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed . Slot machines are also known as one-armed bandits because they were originally operated by one lever on the side of the machine as distinct from a button on the front panel , and because of their ability to leave the player in debt and impoverished . Many modern machines are still equipped with a legacy lever in addition to the button .   Slot machines include a currency detector that validates the money inserted to play . The machine pays off according to patterns of symbols visible on the front of the machine when it stops . Modern computer technology has resulted in variations on the slot machine concept . Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in casinos and constitute about 70 percent of the average US casino 's income .