Succession to the British throne Catholics are eligible. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the eldest child of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte and younger brother, Prince Louis. Sixth in line is Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Under the Perth Agreement, which came into effect in 2015, only the first six in line of succession require the
Regency Acts The Act required that the regent should be the next person in the line of succession who was: The Counsellors of State were to consist of: Thus, at the time of the passing of the Act, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester would have become Regent in the event that King George VI died while The Princess Elizabeth was still a minor. The current prospective regent under the Act would be Charles, Prince of Wales. Section 4 of the Act prohibits the regent from giving royal assent to a bill to change the line of succession to the British throne or Prince Louis of Cambridge succession to the British throne, behind his grandfather, father and older siblings, Prince George and Princess Charlotte. Following the implementation of the Perth Agreement, which replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture, he is the first British prince to be ranked behind an elder sister in the line of succession. Prince Louis of Cambridge Prince Louis of Cambridge (Louis Arthur Charles; ; born 23 April 2018) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third and youngest child and second son of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. He is fifth in the line Succession to the Crown Act 2013 they came into force were the children of Lady Davina Lewis, her son Tāne (born 2012) and her daughter Senna (born 2010), who were reversed in the order of succession, becoming 29th and 28th in line respectively. When the Act came into force, the Duchess of Cambridge was expecting Princess Charlotte, upon whom the Act had no immediate practical effect; from her birth on 2 May 2015 she was fourth in line to the Throne, after Prince George of Cambridge and ahead of Prince Harry, just as she would have been had the Act not been passed. However, due to Princess Charlotte of Cambridge all children of the Prince of Wales's elder son. She is thus styled "Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Cambridge". Charlotte is fourth in the line of succession to the British throne, after her grandfather, father, and elder brother. Due to the implementation of the Perth Agreement, which replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture, she did not move down the line of succession when her younger brother, Prince Louis of Cambridge, was born on 23 April 2018. Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family. Heir apparent to the 16 thrones of Elizabeth II to absolute primogeniture, except for male heirs born before the Perth Agreement. The effects are not likely to be felt for many years; the first two heirs at the time of the agreement (Charles, Prince of Wales, and his son Prince William, Duke of Cambridge) were already eldest born children, and in 2013, William's first-born son Prince George of Cambridge became the next apparent successor. But even in legal systems that apply male-preference primogeniture, female heirs apparent are by no means impossible: if a male heir apparent dies leaving no sons but at Edward VII its kind, the last." A royal train conveyed the King's coffin from London to Windsor Castle, where Edward VII was buried at St George's Chapel. Before his accession to the throne, Edward was the longest-serving heir apparent in British history. He was surpassed by his great-great-grandson Prince Charles on 20 April 2011. The title Prince of Wales is not automatically held by the heir apparent; it is bestowed by the reigning monarch at a time of his or her choosing. Edward was the longest-serving holder of that title until surpassed by Charles on 9 September 2017; Edward was Prince of Marcus Setchell a position he retired from at the end of 2013. He was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in the 2014 New Year Honours. Setchell, who had by then retired, was not present for the also much-awaited birth in May 2015 of Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, Prince George's younger sibling, who was delivered by Drs. Farthing and Thorpe-Beeston, and who, due to the passage of remodeled primogeniture and succession laws, remains fourth in line to the throne after Prince George despite the birth of a younger brother in 2018. Marcus Setchell Sir Marcus Edward Setchell, (born 4 Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle trying to order the coat. Markle is the second American and the first person of mixed race heritage to marry into the British royal family. The engagement announcement prompted much comment about the possible social significance of Markle becoming a proudly mixed-race royal. Under the terms of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, the first six persons in the line of succession require the Sovereign's consent in order to marry. Harry was fifth in line at the time of his engagement. The Queen's consent was declared to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom on 14 March 2018. Although Regency Acts is third in line to the throne after his grandfather and father. If the prince were to succeed to the throne before his 18th birthday on 22 July 2031, his uncle, Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (the Prince of Wales' younger son), would serve as regent, as George's younger siblings Charlotte and Louis (currently fourth and fifth in line, respectively) would also be minors. In the event that Prince Harry would be unable to serve as regent, the next in line would be his uncle (Prince George's grand-uncle) Prince Andrew, Duke of York, followed by the Duke of York's elder Elizabeth II on 21 November 2017. On 6 February 2017, she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee, and on 20 November, she was the first British monarch to celebrate a platinum wedding anniversary. Prince Philip had retired from his official duties as the Queen's consort in August. The Queen does not intend to abdicate, though Prince Charles is expected to take on more of her duties as Elizabeth, who celebrated her 92nd birthday in 2018, carries out fewer public engagements. On 20 April 2018, the government leaders of the Commonwealth of Nations announced that she will be succeeded Prince Andrew, Duke of York on two stamps with HMS "Herald", issued by Saint Helena. Prince Andrew, Duke of York Prince Andrew, Duke of York, (Andrew Albert Christian Edward, born 19 February 1960) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne; he is seventh in line. He holds the rank of commander and the honorary rank of Vice Admiral (as of February 2015) in the Royal Navy, in which Earl of Dumbarton ("née" Wheatley), the first Countess of Dumbarton, who was the sister of Catherine Percy, Duchess of Northumberland. Following the death of their only son, the unmarried second Earl, both titles became extinct on 7 January 1749. On 19 May 2018, it was announced that the title will be recreated in the Peerage of the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II as a subsidiary title for her grandson Prince Harry on the occasion of his wedding. Prince Harry, now the Duke of Sussex, and his wife, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, are known as the Earl and Countess of Dumbarton, respectively, in Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex on one knee and proposed. The engagement announcement prompted much comment about the possible social significance of Meghan Markle becoming a mixed-race royal. The couple married at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 19 May 2018. The Duke and Duchess live at Nottingham Cottage in London, in the grounds of Kensington Palace. They are expecting their first child, who will be seventh in line to the throne, in spring 2019. The couple will move to Frogmore Cottage in the Home Park of Windsor Castle following the birth of their child. Their office will continue to operate at Kensington Palace. In Family of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge Cambridge, on 2 May 2015, who is fourth in line to the throne. Her third pregnancy was announced on 4 September 2017, and she gave birth to her second son, Prince Louis of Cambridge on 23 April 2018. The Middletons' second daughter, Philippa "Pippa", born on 6 September 1983, attended the same schools as her siblings and studied English literature at the University of Edinburgh. There she shared a house with Lord Ted Innes-Ker, a son of the Duke of Roxburghe, and George Percy. Following graduation in 2008 she took an events management / marketing job with Table Talk, a Succession to the Crown Act 2013 approach to amending the rules on the succession to their respective Crowns", and that they would wish "unanimously to advise The Queen of their views and seek her agreement." The statement continued: In a letter to the other realms' heads of government, prior to the Perth Agreement, British Prime Minister David Cameron had additionally proposed to limit the requirement to obtain the monarch's permission to marry to the first six people in line to the throne. On 4 December 2012, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg announced: The bill was published on 13 December 2012, and after passing both Houses of Prince Michael of Kent Succession to the Crown Act 2013, and is 47th in line to the throne . Prince and Princess Michael of Kent have two children, both of whom were brought up as members of the Church of England, and have therefore been in the line of succession to the throne since birth: Prince Michael manages his own consultancy business, and undertakes business throughout the world. He is also a qualified interpreter of Russian. Prince Michael is an active Freemason. He is the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons, and Provincial Grand Master of the Provincial Grand Lodge Regency Acts the regent. , under the provisions of the Regency Acts in force, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, would act as regent in the event of the incapacity of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. The next person in the line of succession, the Prince of Wales' elder son Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, would also be able to succeed without necessitating a regency and would be eligible to be regent for his grandmother or his father. , the first person under the age of 18 in the line of succession to the throne is William's son Prince George of Cambridge, who Prince Louis of Cambridge Prince Louis of Cambridge Prince Louis of Cambridge (Louis Arthur Charles; ; born 23 April 2018) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third and youngest child and second son of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. He is fifth in the line of succession to the British throne. Kensington Palace announced on 4 September 2017 that the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge were expecting their third child. A son was born at 11:01 BST (10:01 UTC) on 23 April 2018. He was first seen in public seven hours after his birth, Duke of York V, and younger brother of the future King Edward VIII. Albert came unexpectedly to the throne when his brother abdicated, and took the name George VI, the Dukedom then merging into the crown. The title was created for the eighth time for Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II. At present (2018), he only has two daughters. Thus, if he has no future (legitimate) sons, the title will again become extinct at his death. Aside from the first creation, every time the Dukedom of York has been created it has had only one occupant, that person either inheriting the Prince of Wales 12 December 2012, published the next day, and received Royal Assent on 25 April 2013. It was brought into force on 26 March 2015, at the same time as the other realms implemented the Perth Agreement in their own laws. No woman has yet held the title "Princess of Wales" in her own right. Since the title of "Prince of Wales" is not automatic, there have been times when it was held by no one. There was no heir apparent during the reign of King George VI, who had no sons. Princess Elizabeth was heiress presumptive and was hence not Succession to the Crown Bill 2004 still remained in force. The most immediate effect of the Bill passing and becoming law would have been the moving of Princess Anne from her then position of ninth on the line of succession to the British throne to fourth, displacing Prince Andrew, Duke of York. It was unclear as to how the Bill would have affected the line of succession in the other 15 Commonwealth realms as it explicitly applied to the United Kingdom only. The Bill drew on the recommendations of the Fabian Society's Commission on the Future of the Monarchy, which reported in 2003. Lord Dubs is Succession to the British throne on those who marry Roman Catholics. The ban on Catholics themselves was retained to ensure that the monarch would be in communion with the Church of England. The changes came into effect across the Commonwealth realms on 26 March 2015, after legislation was made according to each realm's constitution. Following the changes coming into effect, the positions of the first 27 in line remained unchanged, including Princess Anne and her children and grandchildren, until the birth of Princess Charlotte of Cambridge on 2 May 2015. The first to be affected by the changes, on the day they came into effect Succession to the Crown Act 2013 apparent, Prince Charles. Her place in the line of succession is not affected by the provisions of the Act relating to male preference, in that she remains head of the line following those headed by her younger brothers, whose lines continue to precede hers under male preference. In December 2011 the Statement of Friday 28 October 2011 issued at Perth was published in a House of Commons committee report. It stated that the prime ministers of the sixteen Commonwealth nations "of whom Her Majesty the Queen is Head of State" had "agreed in principle to work together towards a common Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex HALO Trust, the London Marathon Charitable Trust, and Walking With The Wounded. On 19 May 2018, he married the American actress Meghan Markle. Hours before the wedding, his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the title Duke of Sussex. Harry was born in the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London, on 15 September 1984 at 4:20 pm as the second child of Charles, Prince of Wales, heir apparent to Queen Elizabeth II, and Diana, Princess of Wales. He was baptised with the names Henry Charles Albert David, on 21 December 1984, at St George's Chapel, Windsor Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell III of England reached his majority and overthrew the regents, he took in Margaret and her children and treated them as his own family. She succeeded briefly as Baroness Wake of Liddell in 1349, but died during an outbreak of the plague that autumn. Margaret and Edmund's descendants include every monarch of England from King Edward IV onward and queen consorts Anne Neville, Elizabeth of York, and Catherine Parr as well as every king of Scotland from James II. Margaret is a supporting character in the Karen Harper historical fiction novel "The First Princess of Wales", which gives a fictional Tony Appleton as a royal crier; Maddow later issued a correction. In May 2015, Appleton announced the birth of Princess Charlotte, Prince George's sister, from the same place as he had announced Prince George's birth. In an interview with "Us Weekly", Appleton stated that in contrast to his earlier announcement, the royal entourage was expecting his attendance outside the hospital. Later in that year, Appleton announced from the gates of Buckingham Palace that Elizabeth II had surpassed her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria as the longest-reigning monarch of Britain. In November 2017, Appleton – again in an unofficial capacity – announced the engagement of Descendants of Charles I of England Otto von Habsburg and many are related to him via collateral bloodlines, such as Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and Margrethe II of Denmark. He is also the ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales, mother of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry who are second and fifth in line to the Succession to the British throne after their father Charles, Prince of Wales. This article deals with the numerous individuals who are and were descendants of Charles and his wife Henrietta (Since he is not known to have had any illegitimate children). Descendants George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews Rosie Hospital in Cambridge. She is 38th in the line of succession to the thrones of Britain, Canada, and the other Commonwealth realms, following her father (). He married a Roman Catholic and was therefore formerly removed from line of succession in accordance with the Act of Settlement 1701 until the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 restored his place in the line. Lady Amelia's elder siblings both converted to and were confirmed in the Roman Catholic Church, making them still ineligible for the succession. In 2017, Amelia was named in the "Vanity Fair" International Best Dressed list. St Andrews' Lady Rose Gilman Wessex, The Princess Royal, Peter and Autumn Phillips, Daniel and Lady Sarah Chatto and Catherine Middleton, who attracted media interest for attending without her then boyfriend, now husband Prince William. Lady Rose and her husband have a daughter, Lyla Beatrix Christabel Gilman, born 30 May 2010, and a son, Rufus Frederick Montagu, born 2 November 2012. Until 26 March 2015, Rufus was ahead of Lyla in the line of succession to the British throne, as the monarchy's 300-year-old Act of Settlement gave sons priority over daughters. When the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect in all Commonwealth realms Princess consort a title has no historical precedent; under English common law, wives of kings automatically become queens. "The Guardian" reported in 2017 that experts expect that "the fiction will end when Elizabeth II dies" and Camilla will be queen regardless of title. Clarence House in 2018 removed this statement from its official website, suggesting that Camilla will be styled as Queen consort upon her husband's accession. This was the case with all other women married to British kings regnant, who became queens consort (with the exception of Mary II, who was a joint sovereign). In addition, the husband of Queen Mary Earl of Wessex by his father. This is unlikely to happen by direct inheritance, as Prince Edward is the youngest of Prince Philip's three sons. Rather, the title is expected to be newly created for Prince Edward after it "eventually reverts to the crown" after "both the death of the current Duke of Edinburgh and the Prince of Wales' succession as King." In the meantime, in keeping with the tradition of a monarch's son receiving a title upon marriage, but preserving the rank of duke for the future, Prince Edward became the first British prince in centuries to be specifically created an earl, Harald V of Norway of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. In the British Army, Harald V was the final Colonel-in-Chief of the Green Howards. He is also an honorary Colonel in the British Royal Marines. He is patron of the Anglo-Norse Society in London, together with Queen Elizabeth II, his second cousin. Harald is the first foreign monarch in the line of succession to the British throne, because of his descent from King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. He is a Stranger Knight of the Garter, an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Alternative successions of the English and British crown Prince of Wales; end the ban on marriage of dynasts to Catholics; and limit the requirement for those in line to the throne to acquire permission of the sovereign to marry. However, the requirement for the sovereign to be in communion with the Church of England remains. This change has now been enacted as the Succession to the Crown Act 2013; but it does not apply retroactively. If this system of primogeniture had been applied on the death of Victoria (whose actual successor was her second child and first son Edward VII), then Princess Victoria, Princess Royal would have become Head of the Commonwealth with the Crown". Sources told the BBC that the issue was to whether it should be a one-off decision to elect Prince Charles to the Headship, or whether a new process should be agreed upon to ensure that it is always the British monarch who automatically becomes head of the Commonwealth. There was also speculation that a rotating ceremonial "republican" headship might be instituted. The "Daily Telegraph" reported that "the post is not hereditary and many leaders want an elected head to make the organisation more democratic." In 2018, following the 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, Commonwealth leaders officially Succession to the British throne summoned to meet at Westminster in November, enacted that "the inheritance of the crown should be, rest, remain and abide in the most royal person of the then sovereign lord, King Henry VII, and the heirs of his body lawfully coming." Henry VII was followed by his son, Henry VIII. Though his father descended from the Lancastrians, Henry VIII could also claim the throne through the Yorkist line, as his mother Elizabeth was the sister and heiress of Edward V. In 1542 Henry also assumed the title King of Ireland; this would pass down with the monarchs of England, and Prince of Wales title does not affect the rights to royal succession. The title is granted to the heir apparent as a personal honour or dignity, and is not heritable, merging with the Crown on accession to the throne. The title Earl of Chester is always given in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales usually has other titles and honours. The current and longest-serving Prince of Wales is Prince Charles, the eldest son of Elizabeth II, who is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other independent Commonwealth realms as well as Head of the 53-member Commonwealth of Regency Act 1830 age of 18 in 1837. When William IV became king in June 1830 he had no legitimate children who could inherit the throne on his death. Aged 64, he was the oldest person to ascend the British, English, Scottish or Irish thrones. His next younger brother, Prince Edward, had died in 1820 and so the next person in line to the throne was Edward's 11-year-old daughter, Princess Victoria. Therefore, it was necessary to pass a law to provide for the government of the United Kingdom in case Victoria became queen while still under age, or in case William had a King Charles III (play) Muse with Robert Joy as King Charles began 7 February 2017 at the Shakespeare Theatre Company in Washington D.C. Charles and his family gather following the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II. Charles, as the new king, then holds his first weekly audience with the Prime Minister. They discuss a new Bill for statutory regulation of the press, which has passed the House of Commons and the House of Lords and awaits only Charles's royal assent to become law. Charles is concerned that the law restricts freedom of the press too much, and would allow governments to censor the news and Regency Acts daughter Princess Beatrice of York. Currently, if Elizabeth II were to be declared incapable of discharging the royal functions, the legal guardianship of the incapacitated monarch would be vested in her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. If, however, the Duke of Edinburgh were to predecease his wife or be otherwise unable to carry out the duties of legal guardian, the guardianship of the Sovereign would then be vested in the sitting Regent. Prince George of Cambridge, should he ascend to the throne prior to his 18th birthday, is the first person in the present line of succession that would Prince Andrew, Duke of York Prince Andrew, Duke of York Prince Andrew, Duke of York, (Andrew Albert Christian Edward, born 19 February 1960) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne; he is seventh in line. He holds the rank of commander and the honorary rank of Vice Admiral (as of February 2015) in the Royal Navy, in which he served as an active-duty helicopter pilot and instructor and Pretender revolt of 1294–95. Since 1301, the title of Prince of Wales has been given to the eldest living son of the King or Queen Regnant of England (subsequently of Great Britain, 1707, and of United Kingdom, 1801). The word "living" is important. Upon the death of Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry VII invested his second son, the future Henry VIII, with the title. The title is not automatic, however, but merges into the Crown when a prince dies or accedes to the throne, and has to be re-conferred by the sovereign. Nevertheless, it is Glyndŵr whom many remember as the Elizabeth II the longest-reigning British monarch and longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in the world on 9 September 2015. She is also the "longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over Canada (New France) for longer than Elizabeth.) She became the oldest current monarch after King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia died on 23 January 2015. She later became the longest-reigning current monarch and the longest-serving current head of state following the death of King Bhumibol of Thailand on 13 October 2016, and the oldest current head of state on the resignation of Robert Mugabe Prince of Wales medieval England extending principally over the counties of Cheshire and Flintshire. A Prince of Wales also holds a number of additional titles. As heir apparent to the English/British throne he is—if the eldest living son of the monarch—Duke of Cornwall. As heir apparent to the Scottish throne he is Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. Individual princes have also held additional titles, which were theirs prior to becoming Prince of Wales. Before ascending the throne Henry VIII, Charles I and George V were each Duke of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh to celebrate a platinum wedding anniversary. On 3 April 2018, Philip was admitted to the King Edward VII Hospital for a planned hip replacement, which took place the next day. This came after the Duke missed the annual Maundy and Easter Sunday services. On 12 April his daughter, Princess Anne, spent about 50 minutes in the hospital and afterwards said her father was "on good form". He was discharged the following day. On 19 May, six weeks later, he attended the wedding of his grandson Prince Harry to actress Meghan Markle and was able to walk with the Queen unaided. Alternative successions of the English and British crown queen and the throne would have been inherited by her eldest child, and so on. Friederike is not considered a pretender to the British throne, as this alternative line of succession is completely hypothetical. Next in line would be her eldest child, Felicitas Catharini Malina Johanna von Reiche. Alternative successions of the English and British crown British history provides several opportunities for alternative claimants to the Crown to arise, and historical scholars have on occasion traced to present times the heirs of those alternative claims. Throughout this article, the names of "would-have-been" monarchs are in "italics". Richard II abdicated in Prince William, Duke of Gloucester person remaining in the Protestant line to the throne established by the Bill of Rights 1689. Although Anne had ten other pregnancies after the birth of Gloucester, none of them resulted in a child who survived more than briefly after birth. The English parliament did not want the throne to revert to a Catholic, so it passed the Act of Settlement 1701, which settled the throne of England on a cousin of King James, Sophia, Electress of Hanover, and her Protestant heirs. Anne succeeded King William in 1702, and reigned until her death on 1 August 1714. Sophia predeceased her Royal Highness Wales was also entitled to the style but not younger sons or daughters of the oldest living son of the Prince of Wales. Queen Elizabeth II changed this in 2012 prior to the birth of Prince George of Cambridge so that all the children of the oldest living son of the Prince of Wales would bear the style. This returned it to the format Queen Victoria had instituted in 1898. There is no mention of younger living sons of a Prince of Wales, however, in 2018, Prince Harry was married to Meghan Markle and they were awarded Duke and Duchess Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, (Edward Antony Richard Louis; born 10 March 1964) is the youngest of four children and the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was third in line of succession to the British throne; he is now tenth. The Earl is a full-time working member of the British royal family and supports the Queen in her official duties – often alongside his wife the Countess of Wessex - as well as undertaking public engagements for a large number of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, (Henry Charles Albert David; born 15 September 1984) is a member of the British royal family. He is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and is sixth in the line of succession to the British throne. He was officially styled Prince Henry of Wales from birth until his marriage, but is known as Prince Harry. Harry was educated at schools in the United Kingdom and spent parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho. He then underwent officer training at the Royal Elizabeth Truss Group of Conservative MPs, and authored or co-authored a number of papers and books, including "After the Coalition" (2011) and "Britannia Unchained" (2012). Truss was the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State from 2012 to 2014, with responsibility for education and childcare in the Department for Education. She was the Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 2014 to 2016. On 14 July 2016, she was appointed Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor by Theresa May, succeeding Michael Gove, and becoming the first female Lord Chancellor in the thousand-year history of the role (if not counting Prince Vincent of Denmark of succession to the British throne (and the thrones of the other Commonwealth realms), where he does take precedence over Isabella, because those realms followed the custom of male-preference primogeniture at the time of his birth; the subsequent change to absolute primogeniture in the Commonwealth line of succession only affected those in line born after 28 October 2011. On 15 August 2017, Vincent and his twin sister started school at Tranegårdsskolen in Gentofte – the same public school as their elder siblings. Vincent is styled as "His Royal Highness" Prince Vincent of Denmark, Count of Monpezat. Prince Vincent of Denmark Head of the Commonwealth so. This was accommodated by the creation of the title "Head of the Commonwealth" for the King and India became a republic in 1950. Subsequently, many other nations including Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore ceased to recognise the monarch of the United Kingdom as their respective head of state, but as members of the Commonwealth of Nations recognised the British monarch as Head of the Commonwealth. The title is currently held by Queen Elizabeth II, George VI's eldest daughter. Charles, Prince of Wales, was appointed her designated successor at the 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. The title was Descendants of James VI and I daughter, Sophia of Hanover, became the nearest Protestant relative to the English, Scottish and Irish crowns (later British crown). Under the English Act of Settlement, the succession was settled on Sophia and her issue, so her son George Ludwig ascended the throne as George I. Charles I, the second son of James VI and I was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. The monarchy was then abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England, also referred to as the Cromwellian Interregnum, was declared. Charles's son, Charles II, became king after Lady Amelia Windsor her father to maintain a position in the line of succession. She is currently thirty-eighth in the line of succession to the British throne, behind her father and in front of her paternal aunt Lady Helen Taylor. Since Lady Amelia's father is a courtesy earl, using one of his father's substantive titles, she is entitled to use the courtesy title "Lady"; addressed as "The Lady" Amelia Windsor. Lady Amelia paternally descends from various royal houses of Europe. She is direct descendant of multiple monarchs, including George V of the United Kingdom, George I of Greece, Alexander II of Russia, Christian George I of Great Britain superior hereditary claims were bypassed. The likelihood of any of them converting to Protestantism for the sake of the succession was remote; some had already refused. In August 1701, George was invested with the Order of the Garter and, within six weeks, the nearest Catholic claimant to the thrones, the former king James II, died. William III died the following March and was succeeded by Anne. Sophia became heiress presumptive to the new Queen of England. Sophia was in her seventy-first year, older than Anne by thirty-five years, but she was very fit and healthy and invested time and energy Lady Davina Lewis in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand. Until 26 March 2015, Tāne was ahead of Senna in the line of succession to the British throne, as the monarchy's 300-year-old Act of Settlement gave sons priority over daughters. When the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect in all Commonwealth realms in 2015, Senna became the nearest relative of the reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, to be affected by the change in law, which advanced her proximity to the Crown by reversing her place in the order of succession with that of her younger brother. Senna and Tāne Lady Amelia Windsor IX of Denmark, Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, and Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. Lady Amelia Windsor Lady Amelia Windsor ("Amelia Sophia Theodora Mary Margaret Windsor"; born 24 August 1995) is an English fashion model and member of the British royal family. She is currently 38th in the line of succession to the British throne. Lady Amelia Windsor was born on 24 August 1995 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge and was christened in December 1995 at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She is the youngest child of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, and Sylvana Tomaselli. Her paternal grandfather, Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom 29 April 2011; and to the Queen's grandson Prince Harry, who was made the Duke of Sussex on the morning before his marriage to Meghan Markle on 19 May 2018. No hereditary peerages were granted to commoners after the Labour Party came to power in 1964, until Margaret Thatcher tentatively reintroduced them by two grants to men with no sons in 1983, respectively the Speaker of the House of Commons George Thomas and the former Deputy Prime Minister William Whitelaw. Both these titles died with their holders. She followed this with an Earldom in 1984 for the former Prime Minister Alternative successions of the English and British crown Alternative successions of the English and British crown British history provides several opportunities for alternative claimants to the Crown to arise, and historical scholars have on occasion traced to present times the heirs of those alternative claims. Throughout this article, the names of "would-have-been" monarchs are in "italics". Richard II abdicated in favour of Henry Bolingbroke on 29 September 1399. However, Henry was not next in the line to the throne; the heir presumptive was Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, who descended from Edward III's second surviving son, Lionel of Antwerp, whereas Henry's father, John of Gaunt, was Edward's third Edward VIII "the boy will ruin himself in twelve months." Second-in-line to the throne was the prince's younger brother Albert ("Bertie"). Albert and his wife, Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), had two children, including Princess Elizabeth ("Lilibet"), the future Queen Elizabeth II. George V favoured Albert and his granddaughter Elizabeth and told a courtier, "I pray to God that my eldest son will never marry and have children, and that nothing will come between Bertie and Lilibet and the throne." In 1929, "Time" magazine reported that the Prince of Wales teased his sister-in-law, by calling her "Queen Elizabeth". The magazine asked if John Major Following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in 1997, Major was appointed a special guardian to Princes William and Harry, with responsibility for legal and administrative matters. As a result of this, Major was the only current or former Prime Minister out of the five still alive invited to the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle in May 2018. An oil painting of Major, painted in 1996 by June Mendoza, is part of the parliamentary collection, as is a bronze bust by Anne Curry. Major is the author of three books: Major's low profile following his exit from Queen Camilla Party elects "Boy" English as its new leader; Boy promises to restore the monarchy. The Queen, now 80, does not want to return to public life; she tells her family she has decided to abdicate. One reason: the Duke of Edinburgh, her husband, suffered a debilitating stroke two years earlier, and is now being (badly) cared for in a nursing-home in another part of the Fez. With the Queen's abdication, the Prince of Wales will now become King Charles III - but Camilla will only be his consort, not his Queen. Charles refuses to become King unless Camilla is his George I of Great Britain many cultural icons such as the mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Leibniz and the composers George Frideric Händel and Agostino Steffani. Shortly after George's accession to his paternal duchy, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, who was second-in-line to the English and Scottish thrones, died. By the terms of the English Act of Settlement 1701, George's mother, Sophia, was designated as the heir to the English throne if the then reigning monarch, William III, and his sister-in-law, Anne, died without surviving issue. The succession was so designed because Sophia was the closest Protestant relative of the British royal family. Fifty-six Catholics with Succession to the Crown Act 2013 the line of succession, and removed the requirement of those outside the first six persons in line to the throne to seek the Sovereign's approval to marry. It came into force on 26 March 2015, at the same time as the other Commonwealth realms implemented the Perth Agreement in their own laws. Under the Act of Settlement 1701 the throne of the Kingdom of England was settled on the Electress Sophia of Hanover and the "heirs of her body", this phrase being understood under English common law to imply male-preference primogeniture, meaning that brothers would precede sisters in the line Lord Frederick Windsor President of the employment education charity, Soldier On!. On 21 February 2017, Lord Frederick was inducted into the Grand Order of Water Rats charitable fraternity. Lord Frederick Windsor Lord Frederick Windsor (born 6 April 1979), also nicknamed Freddie Windsor, is a British financial analyst, and the only son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. He is currently 48th in line to the succession of the British throne. He is President of the charity Soldier On!, which invites socially isolated people to participate in archaeology and heritage projects as well as career development workshops. Windsor was born on 6 April Descendants of Charles II of England (1689–1716) and Charles Radclyffe (1693–1746) were both notable Jacobites and both were executed for treason following the Risings of 1715 and 1745 respectively. Lady Diana Spencer (later the Princess of Wales) is a descendant of Charles II, through two of his illegitimate sons. Diana married The Prince of Wales in 1981 and had two sons, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex. Currently, the Duke is 2nd in the line of Succession, his sons and daughter, Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis are 3rd, 4th, and 5th, while Prince Harry is 6th in line. If House of Windsor four British monarchs of the house of Windsor to date: three kings and the present queen, Elizabeth II. During the reign of the Windsors, major changes took place in British society. The British Empire participated in the First and Second World Wars, ending up on the winning side both times, but subsequently lost its status as a superpower during decolonisation. Much of Ireland broke with the United Kingdom and the remnants of the Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations. The current head of the house is monarch of sixteen sovereign states. These are the United Kingdom (where they are based), Mary II of England during peacetime without parliamentary consent, deny the right to bear arms to Protestant subjects, unduly interfere with parliamentary elections, punish members of either House of Parliament for anything said during debates, require excessive bail, or inflict cruel or unusual punishments. The Bill of Rights also confirmed the succession to the throne. Following the death of either William III or Mary II, the other was to continue to reign. Next in the line of succession would be any children of the couple, to be followed by Mary's sister Anne and her children. Last in the line of succession stood any children Princess Märtha Louise of Norway and 1990 (i.e. only Märtha Louise), were given succession rights, but their brothers would be before them in the line of succession, meaning that Prince Haakon still took precedence over Märtha Louise in the line of succession. After the births of her brother's two children, Ingrid Alexandra and Sverre Magnus, Märtha Louise was relegated to fourth in line. The princess is also in the line of succession to the thrones of the sixteen Commonwealth realms, as a great-great-granddaughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. Princess Märtha Louise is a certified physiotherapist, following education in Oslo and internship in Prince George of Cambridge affected business and popular culture. On 3 December 2012, Clarence House announced that Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, were expecting their first child. The Duke is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, who is the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, meaning that the child would be third in the line of succession to the British throne. Speculation ensued that the birth would boost the British national economy and provide a focus for national pride. Commemorative coins were issued by the Royal Mint, Royal Canadian Mint, and Royal Australian Mint; the first time Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom first in the order of precedence for women. The reverse, however, is not always true for Queens regnant. There is no established law of precedence for a prince consort, so he is usually specially granted precedence above all other males by letters patent or, on the other hand, may rank lower than the heir apparent or the heir presumptive, even if the heir is his own son. In England and Wales, the Archbishop of Canterbury is the highest in precedence following the royal family. Then come, assuming the post of Lord High Steward is vacant (as it usually has been Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes 29 April 2011, and that of his brother Prince Harry and Meghan Markle on 19 May 2018, at which she delivered a reading. Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes Cynthia Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes (née Spencer; born 11 February 1957) is one of the two older sisters of Diana, Princess of Wales, the other being Lady Sarah McCorquodale. Lady Fellowes is the second daughter of Edward John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer (1924–1992) and the Hon. Frances Ruth Burke Roche (1936–2004). Her parents married in 1954 but divorced in 1969. She has always used her middle name of Jane (just as her elder Descendants of Charles II of England any of them succeed to the British throne, they will be the first descendants of Charles II of England to accede to the throne. The following list details the line of descent from Charles II of England to Princes William and Harry. Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, through Lady Charlotte Fitzroy Andrew Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford, through Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond John Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe, through Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton Isabella Calthorpe, daughter of John Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe Sarah, Duchess of York, through Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond and James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth Ralph Percy, Royal Marriages Act 1772 Act upon his abdication, allowing him to marry the divorcee, Wallis Simpson. The wording of the statute also excluded any issue of the marriage both from being subject to the Act, and from the succession to the throne; no marriages or succession rights were ultimately affected by this language, as the Duke and Duchess of Windsor had no children. In October 2011 David Cameron wrote to the leaders of the other Commonwealth realms proposing that the act be limited to the first six people in line to the throne. The leaders approved the proposed change at the Commonwealth Heads of Prince William, Duke of Gloucester mother was the only individual remaining in the Protestant line of succession established by the Bill of Rights 1689. The English Parliament did not want the throne to revert to a Catholic, and so passed the Act of Settlement 1701, which settled the throne of England on Electress Sophia of Hanover, a cousin of King James II, and her Protestant heirs. In late 1688, in what became known as the "Glorious Revolution", the Roman Catholic King James of England, Scotland and Ireland was deposed by his Protestant nephew and son-in-law, Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange. William and his wife, Charles, Prince of Wales In the mid-1970s, the prince expressed an interest in serving as Governor-General of Australia, at the suggestion of Australian prime minister Malcolm Fraser, but because of a lack of public enthusiasm nothing came of the proposal. Charles accepted the decision, if not without some regret; he said: "So, what are you supposed to think when you are prepared to do something to help and you are just told you're not wanted?" Charles is the longest serving Prince of Wales, having surpassed the record held by Edward VII on 9 September 2017. He is the oldest and longest-serving British heir apparent, Charles, Prince of Wales interviewed several sources from Prince Charles's inner circle, he "doesn't like being used to market weaponry" in deals with Saudi Arabia and other Arab Gulf states. According to Mayer, Charles has only raised his objections to being used to sell weapons abroad in private. Commonwealth heads of government decided at their 2018 meeting, that the Prince of Wales will be the next Head of the Commonwealth after the Queen. The head is chosen and therefore not hereditary. From his youth until 1992, Prince Charles was an avid player of competitive polo. He continued to play informally, including for charity, until Edward VIII Fort Belvedere on 10 December 1936 in the presence of his younger brothers: Prince Albert, Duke of York, next in line for the throne; Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester; and Prince George, Duke of Kent. The next day, the last act of his reign was the royal assent to His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936. As required by the Statute of Westminster, all the Dominions consented to the abdication. On the night of 11 December 1936, Edward, now reverted to the title and style of a prince, explained his decision to abdicate in a worldwide radio broadcast. He famously Elizabeth II people believed he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, after her father. Later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeth's father became king, and she became heir presumptive. If her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession. Elizabeth received private tuition in constitutional history Anne Marie Morris "racist remark" made by her partner and election agent, Roger Kendrick, at a hustings, in which he claimed problems in the British education system were "due entirely to non-British born immigrants and their high birth rates". The whip was restored to Morris on 12 December 2017, one day before a crucial vote on the Brexit process. Although Morris voted with the Conservative Government, the Government was defeated by 4 votes. On 15 November 2018 she submitted a letter of no confidence in Theresa May's leadership. Morris lives in Newton Abbot and London. Her partner is the financier Roger Kendrick, who Prince consort the "king" holds a higher position in the British social hierarchy. Thus, more power is attributed to him. In cases where the hereditary monarch is female, such as Queen Victoria, who ascended to the throne in 1837, power is attributed to the queen, for she holds the highest position in the absence of a king. Clarence House has announced that if Charles, Prince of Wales, becomes monarch of the United Kingdom, his second wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, will have the title of "Princess Consort" rather than "Queen". The imperial Chinese title of "fuma" (), and its Manchu equivalent "e'fu" Lady Louise Windsor Lady Louise Windsor Lady Louise Windsor (Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary Mountbatten-Windsor; born 8 November 2003) is the elder child and only daughter of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex. She is the youngest granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. When Lady Louise was born, she was eighth in the line of succession to the British throne. Following the birth of her brother and the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's children, she is twelfth in the line of succession. Lady Louise was born prematurely on 8 November 2003 at 23:32 GMT at Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle photos were released. They were taken by photographer Alexi Lubomirski at Windsor Castle following the ceremony. In April 2018, it was announced that an "official list" of domestic and international political leaders was not required for the wedding and that Prime Minister Theresa May, Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn, and other leaders would not attend the ceremony. President of the United States Donald Trump and former President Barack Obama were also not invited. This was in contrast to the wedding of Prince Harry's elder brother, which had a large number of such guests due to his position as a Lady Amelia Windsor Lady Amelia Windsor Lady Amelia Windsor ("Amelia Sophia Theodora Mary Margaret Windsor"; born 24 August 1995) is an English fashion model and member of the British royal family. She is currently 38th in the line of succession to the British throne. Lady Amelia Windsor was born on 24 August 1995 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge and was christened in December 1995 at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She is the youngest child of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, and Sylvana Tomaselli. Her paternal grandfather, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, is a first cousin of Elizabeth II. Her paternal great Andrew Rosindell 2012, a private member's bill aiming to create a dedicated entry queue for citizens of countries where the British Queen is head of state and introduce pictures of the queen and more royal symbols at UK borders. He reiterated calls for preferential treatment of "Her Majesty's subjects" visiting Britain in 2015, whilst also calling for the immigration system to favour Commonwealth citizens, as opposed to those from the EU. Rosindell proved ahead of his time, as this measure was then adopted by Chancellor Philip Hammond in his October 2018 budget. Rosindell has spoken in favour of a federal UK and Anne, Queen of Great Britain action, and William and Mary were declared monarchs of all three realms. The Bill of Rights 1689 and Claim of Right Act 1689 settled the succession. Anne and her descendants were to be in the line of succession after William and Mary, and they were to be followed by any descendants of William by a future marriage. On 24 July 1689, Anne gave birth to a son, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, who, though ill, survived infancy. As King William and Queen Mary had no children, it looked as though Anne's son would eventually inherit the Crown. Soon after their Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway and sister. As descendants of the British King Edward VII's daughter Maud, members of the Norwegian royal family are also in the line of succession to the British throne; Sverre Magnus precedes his sister in the British line due to male-preference cognatic primogeniture for those born before 2011. Prince Sverre Magnus is styled as "His Highness" Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway, as opposed to his sister, who is styled as "Her Royal Highness". Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway (born 3 December 2005) is the younger child of Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit and Monarchy of Grenada parliament only. This legislation lays out the rules that the Monarch cannot be a Roman Catholic, nor married to one, and must be in communion with the Church of England upon ascending the throne. As Grenada's laws governing succession are currently identical to those of the United Kingdom (by the "Statute of Westminster") see Succession to the British Throne for more information. The heir apparent is Elizabeth II's eldest son, Charles, who has no official title outside of the UK, but is accorded his UK title, Prince of Wales, as a courtesy title. All laws in Grenada are enacted with Princess Eugenie of York Princess Eugenie of York Princess Eugenie of York ( ; Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990) is a member of the British royal family, and the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is ninth in line of succession to the British throne, after her elder sister, Princess Beatrice of York. Princess Eugenie was born in London at The Portland Hospital for Women and Children on 23 March 1990, the second child of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York, and sixth grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Government of the United Kingdom a majority of MPs. Under the uncodified British constitution, executive authority lies with the monarch, although this authority is exercised only by, or on the advice of, the prime minister and the cabinet. The Cabinet members advise the monarch as members of the Privy Council. In most cases they also exercise power directly as leaders of the Government Departments, though some Cabinet positions are sinecures to a greater or lesser degree (for instance Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster or Lord Privy Seal). The current prime minister is Theresa May, who took office on 13 July 2016. She is the William IV of the United Kingdom marriage. The couple had two short-lived daughters and Adelaide suffered three miscarriages. Despite this, false rumours that Adelaide was pregnant persisted into William's reign—he dismissed them as "damned stuff". William's elder brother, the Prince of Wales, had been Prince Regent since 1811 because of the mental illness of their father, George III. In 1820, the King died, leaving the Crown to the Prince Regent, who became George IV. William, Duke of Clarence, was now second in the line of succession, preceded only by his brother, Frederick, Duke of York. Reformed since his marriage, William walked for hours, ate relatively frugally, Duke of Sussex by Lady Augusta Murray, their marriage had been annulled for lack of royal permission under the Royal Marriages Act 1772, rendering the children illegitimate under English law and unable to inherit titles from their father. Both children by the annulled marriage died childless, rendering the issue of their inheritance moot. In 2018, the title was recreated and granted to Prince Harry to mark the occasion of his wedding to Meghan Markle. Prince Harry was granted the subsidiary titles Earl of Dumbarton in Scotland and Baron Kilkeel in Northern Ireland at the same time. A title associated with Sussex first appeared House of Glücksburg his princely titles and adopted the surname of Mountbatten upon becoming a British subject prior to his wedding) was created Duke of Edinburgh by his father-in-law, George VI. Descendants in the male line of his marriage to Queen Elizabeth II belong, by decree, to the House of Windsor and use "Mountbatten-Windsor" as a surname, when one is needed. The first nineteen places in the line of succession to the British throne are held by the Duke's descendants. The heir-apparent is Charles, Prince of Wales (born 1948). House of Glücksburg The House of Glücksburg (also spelled "Glücksborg"), shortened from House of George VI time. He suffered from chronic stomach problems as well as knock knees, for which he was forced to wear painful corrective splints. Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901, and the Prince of Wales succeeded her as King Edward VII. Prince Albert moved up to third in line to the throne, after his father and elder brother. From 1909, Albert attended the Royal Naval College, Osborne, as a naval cadet. In 1911 he came bottom of the class in the final examination, but despite this he progressed to the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. When his grandfather, Edward VII, died in Republic (political organisation) over 5,000 paying members and about 35,000 online supporters. CEO Graham Smith criticised hereditary power as being "absurd" and monarchy as an outdated political institution that "abuses its position, abuses public money and which gives politicians too much power." Republic has said that after the death of Queen Elizabeth II it intends to mount a campaign for a referendum on the future of the monarchy. The group plans to do this during the period between the Queen's funeral and the coronation of Prince Charles. Republic asserts that there is a lack of transparency and accountability with respect to the funding Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester larger part of his inheritance. It was a large country house in Northamptonshire which had belonged to his wife's ancestors. As their London seat, they were given York House in St. James's Palace. In December 1936, Henry's brother Edward VIII abdicated the throne to marry divorcée Wallis Simpson. His brother Prince Albert, ascended the throne as King George VI. Although third in line to the throne, following his two nieces Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, he became the first adult in line, meaning he would act as regent if anything were to happen to the King before Princess Elizabeth came of Theresa May Radio 4's "Woman's Hour" described her as Britain's second-most powerful woman after Queen Elizabeth II. On 30 November 2014, she was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the World Sikh University. In April 2017, during an official trip to Saudi Arabia, May was appointed to the Order of King Abdulaziz. That September, she was listed by "Forbes" as the second most powerful woman in the world, behind Angela Merkel. Theresa May Theresa Mary May (; ; born 1 October 1956) is a British politician serving as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party since 2016. She Peter Phillips management fields. He is currently fourteenth in line of succession to the British throne. Peter Phillips was born at 10:46 am on 15 November 1977, at Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London. He was the first child of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips, who had married in 1973. At the time of his birth, there was a 41-gun salute from the Tower of London. He was baptised Peter Mark Andrew Phillips on 22 December 1977, by the then Archbishop of Canterbury Donald Coggan in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace. Phillips was fifth in line to the throne Order of precedence in England and Wales higher precedence than those who are married in. For example, when not accompanied by the Prince of Wales, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, ranks after Princess Alexandra, The Honorable Lady Ogilvy; when with him, she ranks above all women other than the reigning sovereign and any queens dowager. The same goes for spouses of the Queens Grandsons and their positioning with the Queens Granddaughters. For example, as a Princess of the blood Royal, Princess Beatrice of York outranks Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge if Catherine is unaccompanied by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. Order of Precedence for female members of the royal Succession to the Crown Act 2013 of Acts of Union 1801, again maintained that the succession rules in place in the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland should be "continued limited and settled in the same manner". Since the Acts of Union 1707, male preference primogeniture has operated twice to displace a female by a younger brother: when Princess Augusta's younger brother became King George III on the death of their grandfather King George II (1760); and when Princess Victoria's younger brother became King Edward VII on the death of their mother Queen Victoria (1901). Princess Anne is the younger sister of the heir