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Ruotolo Associates Inc. Fundraising and Public Relations for the Non-Profit World Fri, 22 May 2015 18:56:32 +0000 en-US hourly 1 Domestic violence shelter in Rochelle Park raises $2 million Tue, 17 Feb 2015 14:51:39 +0000 ROCHELLE PARK – A domestic violence shelter that relocated to the township in 2013 announced that it has reached its $2 million fundraising goal, which will support the purchase of its new space.  READ MORE

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Search for Executive Director of Institutional Advancement at Roman Catholic High School, Philadelphia Thu, 29 Jan 2015 15:57:01 +0000 Roman Catholic High School was founded in 1890 as the first Diocesan Catholic high school for young men in the nation.  As Roman nears its 125th anniversary, the school is robust in every measure.  Enrollment is at capacity with freshmen applications from over 170 elementary schools at twice the rate of acceptance. Over 95% of Roman graduates further their education.  Plans are underway for innovative facility expansion.  Alumni engagement and support is strong.

Roman Catholic thrives with a cultural, racial, and religious diversity that reflects its home.  Located in Center City, the downtown location extends the classroom, and students can be seen studying art at the Academy of Fine Arts or anatomy at Drexel School of Medicine at Hahnemann Hospital.

This is truly a unique Catholic high school.

To build on and leverage our success, Roman seeks an accomplished fundraising professional who possesses the talent, skills, and leadership to grow all aspects of our advancement program.  The Executive Director of Institutional Advancement will be responsible for managing four staff in the direction, planning, and execution of all fundraising and advancement-related activities.

Responsibilities Include:

  • Design and implement a comprehensive institutional advancement plan;
  • Oversee management of annual giving program, endowment funds, planned giving, and major fundraising events;
  • Sustain existing and forge new relationships with donors, prospects, alumni, parents, faculty, and the community at large;
  • Maintain portfolio of major gift prospects for direct solicitation;
  • Supervise development and distribution of all advancement related publications, including the annual report, solicitation pieces, and capital campaign material;
  • Work closely with the Directors of Alumni Relations and Public Relations;
  • Report regularly to the President and Board.

Preferred Qualifications

  • Master’s degree in business, public relations, sales and marketing, or related field.
  • Three- to five-years working in responsible fundraising and management positions, with a history of prospect development, management and solicitation, event planning, promotion and marketing.
  • Proficiency with Microsoft Office programs; mastery of Blackbaud Raisers Edge or similar fundraising database.
  • Demonstrated experience in developing and implementing successful fundraising campaigns and conducting and evaluating research.
  • Strong communication and personnel management skills to develop an efficient and progressive development operation.

Please send cover letter, with salary history and resume, to

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ASSOCIATE POSITIONS IN THE CHURCH DIVISION Thu, 20 Nov 2014 14:38:42 +0000 Ruotolo Associates Inc., philanthropic counsel since 1979, seeks qualified candidates for full- and part-time (project work) positions to promote service in the areas of capital campaigns, pre-campaign studies and increased offertory programs.

Qualifications:  Baccalaureate Degree from an accredited college or university; excellent organizational, verbal, presentation and written communication skills; computer fluency; minimum 3-5 years development experience; strong initiative and dedication to excellence and entrepreneurial motivation, and a demonstrated commitment to philanthropy required; willingness to travel; ability to meet highly structured timelines.  Conversant in Spanish preferred.

Please send resume and salary history to Ruotolo Associates Inc.,; fax (201)568-8783.

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Diocese of Allentown (PA) Search for Secretary for Stewardship and Development Wed, 12 Nov 2014 20:51:09 +0000 Reporting to the Vicar General, the Secretary for Stewardship and Development will direct and coordinate the fund-raising programs of the Diocese and its agencies.  The position will also work closely with the Secretary for Catholic Education to advance schools within the Diocese.

  • Oversee the Bishop’s Annual Appeal.
  • Direct all Diocesan Development Programs.
    • Recommend policy, systems and procedures for all Development offices.
    • Oversee the recruitment of Development/Advancement Professionals at Diocesan locations.
  • In partnership with the Secretaries for Catholic Education and Temporal Services, provide leadership and direction for the Catholic School System in the Diocese of Allentown.
  • Provide direction for the Holy Family Manor and Catholic Charities Development function and support the Secretary for Catholic Human Services with Board Development.
  • Provide direction for the existing Endowment for the Care of Retired and Infirm Priests Campaign.
  • Advise pastors on the best practices to promote Stewardship at their parish.
  • Advise the Diocese on strategic fund-raising policy and direction.
  • Act as the Diocesan liaison to the Board of the Catholic Foundation of Eastern Pennsylvania.
  • Serve as a resource for all parishes requesting fund-raising advice and counsel for capital campaigns and increased offertory programs.

  • BA (required)
  • Professional certification (CFRE) is a plus.
  • A minimum of five years in planning and administering fund-raising programs (planned giving, annual giving, or capital campaigns, etc.) of which two have been in a supervisory or management capacity and working with volunteers.
  • Experience with major gifts and planned giving.
  • Experience leading a major capital campaign.
  • Excellent verbal and written communication skills with the ability to work with all levels of staff and volunteers.
  • The ability to set priorities along with strong organizational skills.
  • Valid driver’s license.
  • A high degree of credibility, integrity, and self-confidence is essential.

 Please send cover letter, with salary history and resume, to

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NETLINKS SEPTEMBER 2014 Tue, 16 Sep 2014 18:31:28 +0000 Netlinks September 2014
Take the Time to Build Relationships - George C. Ruotolo, Jr., CFRE, Chairman and CEO of Ruotolo Associates (RA), advises that the answer is to create and sustain meaningful relationships.
Volunteers: Getting to the Heart of it, by Theresa A. Shubeck, Executive Vice President – A powerful dynamic exists between two people united in common service to a vision or cause.

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Volunteers: Getting to the Heart of It Wed, 10 Sep 2014 21:03:57 +0000 by Theresa A. Shubeck, Executive Vice President

artwork for volunteer articleA powerful dynamic exists between two people united in common service to a vision or cause. Passion and creativity energize limitless possibilities. Predictably, challenges arise because we are fettered by expectations, other responsibilities, and time limitations. Complications are heightened when one person is a staff member and the other a volunteer.

In consulting, we dedicate equal parts to listening and talking. Both communication methods provide support and advice. One of the topics I hear a lot of “complaints” about is volunteers. Are any of these familiar to you?

  • It takes more time to use a volunteer than to do it myself.
  • I can’t rely on them to get it done when I need it.
  • I have to pick up the pieces and do it at the last minute.
  • They get the glory when I do the work.
  • They have too many new ideas that have nothing to do with what we are trying to accomplish.
  • It is always the same people who volunteer.

I’d like to offer a new way of looking at this topic and combine some practical techniques with a thoughtful approach to enriching the conversation with prospective volunteers BEFORE you enlist their help. The competition for recruiting leadership volunteers is stiff. Your technique must match or at least approximate the performance of peak advancement programs. Remember, however, that the motivational power of a volunteer’s heartfelt faith and spiritual commitment has no parallel in the secular world.

Dialogue with your Volunteers – Long-timers, New and Prospective

A pastor recently spoke to me about his challenges recruiting prospective volunteers, particularly among families aged 30 – 45. Sunday soccer games, varying school schedules and rushed dinners pull at parish commitments. How can these parents possibly find the time or enthusiasm to volunteer? Yet, this pastor knew that their desire was present, the skills abundant, and the parish needs many.  We decided to speak to each member of the family – one-on-one – to explore how they viewed their parish amidst the cacophony of their activities and demands. And, further, to see how the desire within their heart could manifest itself in greater service.

Age-appropriate questions for each family member were posed in the areas of personal spiritual growth, vibrant community worship, and eventually, ownership and involvement with other parishioners. We asked questions such as: “How important is the sense of community you experience through the parish? What factors would improve your experience? How might you participate in improving the experience?” All led to meaningful dialogue, reflecting about the “what ifs,” and arriving at a place where the prospective volunteer is desirous and willing to actively participate in a deeper way.

Long-time volunteers experience burn-out and boredom, and may feel taken for granted.  Are you guilty of assuming a volunteer will help “because they always have,” asking someone who’s reliable to take on more, or perhaps jettisoning your tedious tasks to a faithful senior? Why not pick three individuals who are your “go to” people, schedule time to meet with them, and listen to them about their experiences. Prepare open-ended questions ahead of time and then “interview” them.

What will you accomplish? First, by the very fact that you want to know what they think and feel, you are demonstrating their importance to you and to your organization. Secondly, you are stewarding a very important relationship. Perhaps they will recommit to their current volunteer task. Maybe they will agree to do something different – because you now know more about them and see a possible fit for a new role. Perhaps they will graciously choose to take a break, but through their commitment will help you recruit someone new to take their place. This exercise adds another layer to stewardship and ongoing cultivation of these valuable relationships.

Then there are the new volunteers that may have been in a leadership or supporting role for only a year. They are perhaps the most critical group with which to speak. You may be concerned that a bumpy first year will discourage them. Or maybe they just didn’t measure up to your expectations. You recruited them with great hopes…but did you spell out expectations on the front end? A written bulleted list of roles and responsibilities or expectations should be prepared before you seek to enlist someone. Sit with them and discuss what is expected – negotiate on some points if you feel that’s appropriate, but don’t compromise what you need from them so much that the relationship will be unfulfilling and non-productive for your organization and for them.

A good example of this is recruiting a development committee chair – perhaps the job that you are eager to give to anyone who will take it. You might be desperate – your September appeal letter needs to be sent to the printer and you want to add the chair’s name to it. After running through a series of “no’s” from other candidates, you are ready to give the role to anyone.  Try approaching the entire process differently, conducting the conversations described above with potential volunteer candidates months earlier. You will then see where or how their gifts and talents match the needs of your program.

Linking Volunteers to Donor Stewardship

When my daughter was in second grade and I picked her up from school, she began mimicking the question I had asked her for years. She plopped down in the back seat, buckled her seatbelt and said dramatically, “So, how was your day?” I can vividly remember one time in particular when I launched into a challenge I was trying to sort through with a donor and how I could talk to them about a difficult situation. She paused and simply replied, “Well, just listen to them. Everyone likes to feel important.”

Aside from giving me a pure directive about our mother/daughter relationship, I have repeatedly returned to that straightforward advice from an 8-year old…don’t talk, just listen. When your volunteer pool seems slight, when you are not sure what role to recruit someone for, or when you are indecisive about what aspect of your philanthropic needs suits someone’s interests, find time to meet…pose a few questions, and then just listen. In fact, if you are regularly spending time face-to-face with people (or even one-on-one over the phone if your donors are distant), you and they will grow in understanding how their needs and yours converge.

Consider the model of a Christian steward as devoted listener. Suspend judgment, listen with your whole heart, discern the urgency, and encourage a desire or dream. Ask open-ended, short questions that enter someone’s heart, using the time-proven opener of, “what, why, when, where or how.” For example:

  • “What do you like best about chairing the gala committee?”
  • “What was your biggest challenge?”
  • “How did I help you the most?”
  • “How do you feel your skills were best utilized? “

Following your meetings, determine an approach, plan or next step for each individual. They may be ready to be formally evaluated as a member of your board, reenergized to serve as event journal chair for next year, or eager to learn more about a particular program component that they want to fund.

Match the Ideal with the Practical

How can we transition from these lofty conversations to our routine work at hand? Some proven practices include:

  • When you use “job descriptions,” which spell out specifically the role and responsibility of the volunteer, also highlight what you will do to offer guidance and assistance. This lays out expectations up front and provides a useful tool for discussion at recruitment and renewal.
  • Think about your desired results for a volunteer committee meeting before it happens. What is the most productive outcome? Discuss this with your committee chair and strategize how to handle the naysayers or overly-creative thinkers. Your volunteer chair will be more effective at corralling his/her peers.
  • In your relationship with volunteers, strike a balance between being accessible “at their convenience” and when it matters most. We must be flexible, but we should also set expectations for communication. For example, if you answer e-mail at 11:00 p.m., then expect that you will receive e-mail at 11:00 p.m. from your night owl volunteers.
  • Solicit a prospect for a gift at the time you are recruiting them for a critical development role. It is better to know that someone will or won’t contribute at a specified threshold level at the beginning of your meeting with them and, based on that result, make a determination about whether or not you proceed with the next step of recruiting them as committee chair. This will avoid the perennial issue of how to approach a committee chair who, six months into the fiscal year, has still not pledged to the annual appeal.
  • All volunteers should have their own elevator speech about your organization. They can then be accurate about the mission and impact, and can combine that with their own unique story about why they are involved. This will create a compelling, unbeatable combination. At unexpected times, they may be asked by friends, coworkers or new acquaintances what they do. By sharing their elevator speech they will be building your network – and probably be commended by that person.
  • Train your volunteers for their roles. This can range from making calls to thank donors for gifts (in which case they need a script as well as a frequently asked questions guide), to a formal session of solicitation training with teaching and role-playing components.
  • Set up your volunteers for early success. If they are soliciting someone, provide them with the most compliant prospects first. If they are to recruit others for the event journal committee, provide them with a few names initially of individuals who have already said they are glad to help. Immediate progress is encouraging and stimulates momentum.
  • Say “thank you” again and again. A late priest in our parish, whose creed was “Adsum – Here I am” never failed to thank those who served at Mass with him. At the recessional, upon entering our church’s gathering space and through the strains of the closing hymn, he would always clearly state, “Thank you for serving!” He never failed to say it, and we never tired of hearing or being motivated by it.

If we believe that volunteers, particularly those to faith-based institutions, are spiritually motivated by “love of other,” we can create and sustain a powerful collaboration. By listening to volunteers’ desires, we will discover what’s in their hearts and encourage faith-filled and gratifying service.

Theresa ShubeckTheresa A. Shubeck has 33 years of professional philanthropic experience and is currently Executive Vice President of Ruotolo Associates, Inc., overseeing firm-wide client services.  Theresa has been a member of the RA team for 19 years, counselling non-profits of all types, including faith-based and secular institutions. She has been awarded the firm’s Tim Manning Culture of Excellence Award twice and has received the Robert J. Smythe Outstanding Professional Fundraiser Award from the AFP-New Jersey Chapter. Theresa can be reached at 201-665-4572 or .

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Take the Time to Build Relationships Wed, 10 Sep 2014 02:23:27 +0000

What is the essence of securing strong and committed philanthropic support for your organization?

George C. Ruotolo, Jr., CFRE, Chairman and CEO of Ruotolo Associates (RA), advises that the answer is to create and sustain meaningful relationships. “The reality is that many organizations feel they don’t have the time or expertise to build relationships with key constituents. Yet that is the one task that, if given proper care and attention, can completely transform an organization. Fundraising is all about relationships, and successful nonprofits understand this and put in place a culture that focuses on nurturing these connections.”

George, along with RA New England Associate Ana Dabrowski, explained the finer points of this approach at a recent presentation to the Plymouth Area Chamber of Commerce. The impact of individuals in overall giving is documented by the Giving USA Foundation, which conducts an annual assessment of philanthropy in the United States. Giving by individuals, bequests, and family foundations amounted to an estimated 87 percent of total giving in 2013.

To grow a base of individual support, George and Ana began with the basics: build a strong annual fund. “An annual fund is truly the lifeblood of an organization’s philanthropic efforts,” said George. “It is the bedrock upon which all fundraising rests. The program provides a mechanism to identify both potential major donors and volunteer leadership, and to attract new donors.”

To ensure a successful annual fund, nonprofits need to create a detailed implementation plan – timelines, donor segmentation, personalization, and acknowledgment. Promoting your campaign, including issuing a “call to action” is also critical:

  • Ensure that your annual fund campaign is featured prominently in print publications.
  • Make it easy for your donors to contribute! Personal appeal letters should always include a donation card, return envelope, and notation of website.
  • Implement an email and social media strategy that includes links to your online donation page, which should be easily found on your website in the same location on every page.
  • Ask board members to help by providing a list of their contacts, reviewing and rating the annual fund prospect list, and signing and personalizing appeal letters or notes.
  • Consider utilizing a brief video if your budget allows it. A compelling, well-crafted story can be the most powerful gift motivator.

In fact, storytelling is an essential component of any successful development program, including an “elevator speech,” a short, 30-second description that sets your nonprofit apart from others. “An elevator speech should be interesting and authentic, and enable someone to make a connection with an individual,” described Ana. “It should leave a lasting impression and open the door to continued conversation.”

Amy Naples, Plymouth Area Chamber of Commerce Director of Operations raved: “This was undoubtedly one of the best workshops we’ve had. The information provided to attendees was not only practical and useful, but was presented in an entertaining and stimulating format.”

For more information on training, workshops or a specific tailored presentation for your staff, Board members or other volunteers, contact George Ruotolo at or by calling 201-568-3898 x106.

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UPCOMING EVENTS… Thu, 14 Aug 2014 15:33:58 +0000 AFP-NJ’s 34th Annual Conference on Philanthropy
Thursday, November 13, 2014
Bridgewater, NJ

Annual New Jersey Center for Non-Profit Conference-Sharing
December 3, 2014
Somerset, NJ

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Dominican Academy, New York, NY, Seeks Director of Development Tue, 29 Jul 2014 15:48:02 +0000 The Director of Development works with the Administration and the Development Committee of the Board to plan, structure and implement a comprehensive development program.  These elements include direct mail, grant research and writing, major gifts, special events, print and electronic communications, and planned giving.

  • Manages daily operations for the Development Office.
  • Provide leadership in conceiving and implementing a comprehensive development program including timeline and measurable outcomes.
  • Works with Administration to identify the needs and develop a case for support.
  • Plans and facilitates the identification, cultivation, and solicitation of major gift donor prospects.
  • Builds an annual fund/direct mail program with strategic efforts to renew and upgrade annual fund donors.
  • Manages all grant writing including research, the writing of proposals and the completion of post-grant accountability reports.
  • Directs the gift stewardship process including the procedures for the recording of gifts in a database and their timely and accurate acknowledgement.
  • Strengthens alumnae participation in the Academy’s mission through the Class Representative Program, personal contact and recruitment for school committees and events.
  • Manages the production of Veritas, occasional e-blasts, the annual report and other forms of communications.
  • Coordinates the planned giving program including identification, marketing and cultivation, development of gift acceptance policies, solicitation and recognition of donors.
  • Oversees the planning of all special events with staff and committee from the budget, plans and strategies for the event, to staffing, acknowledgments, and financial reports.

  • BA (required)
  • 5+ years of experience in development
  • Excellent organizational, managerial, along with written and oral communication skills
  • Knowledge of Raiser’s Edge or similar fundraising database platforms
  • Evidence of ability to successfully grow a development program
  • Evening/weekend work occasionally required as well as travel to cultivate donors

Please send cover letter, with salary history and resume to

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A Review of Fundraising Day in New York Wed, 02 Jul 2014 18:27:27 +0000 Fundraising Day in New York was a big success again this year.  We had steady traffic at our booth of non-profit executives interested in learning more about Ruotolo Associates and the services we provide to assist them with their unique needs.  They represent a variety of organizations including high schools, colleges, religious orders, social services, community development and more.  All were eager to sign up for our July 10th Webinar to present the Giving USA 2013 statistics.  Additionally, it is always nice to see so many of our former clients who seek out our booth to stop and say hello.

Nancy Karole Kennedy

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Color Families

Click on a color family to learn what moods they help create.

  • Candelabra
  • Sweet Tomato Chair
  • Chandelier

Red - Moods & Messages

Red Lattice

Excitement. Strength. Success. Reds are associated with bold, daring and dominant qualities. That’s why they’re the most commonly used colors in national flags, with three out of four nations waving reds at the world.

But don’t look too long. Staring at reds strains your eyes, raises your blood pressure and causes your pulse to race. Reds may cause you to feel jumpy and restless. These hues are ideal for areas you want people to pass through quickly, such as hallways, lobbies and guest bathrooms.

Hosts who entertain frequently may use red as accents to encourage activity, lively conversation and quick decision-making. Place red trim in your living room, paint children’s play tables red and scatter red accents throughout your dining room. Make sure you don’t overdo it in your dining room - too much red can cause your guests to eat almost twice as much!

  • Use reds in spaces where you need to get things done quickly

Get Inspired!

Visit our Inspiration area for great project ideas.

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  • Season : Giant Consignment
  • Code : 4010452
  • Weight : 10KG
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    Giant Defy Advanced 1 2014 Road Bike
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An X Prize for Health and Health Care - RWJF Explores the Idea

Creating an RWJF X Prize innovation competition to foster health and health care breakthroughs

The X Prize Foundation Inc. of Playa Vista, Calif. created two incentive competitions with $20 million grand prizes that were designed to encourage entrepreneurs to develop breakthroughs and innovations in health care.

The X Prize Foundation modeled the health care contests after its first competition—a $10 million prize for the first private space flight.

Key Results

  • The X Prize Foundation crafted two incentive prizes:

    • The Smoking Cessation X Prize, a $20 million grand prize that would be awarded to the first team to help at least 10,000 people to quit smoking cigarettes for a two-year period.
    • The End Obesity X Prize, a grand prize of $20 million, which would be awarded to the team getting the greatest number of adult participants to lose 10 percent of their body weight and keep it off for two years.


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" Type 2 diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which the body produces insulin but isn't able to use it effectively. As a result, glucose builds up in blood and may ultimately damage nerves, blood vessels, and other b"...

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

Management of Acute Hyperammonemia

Any episode of acute symptomatic hyperammonemia should be treated as a life-threatening emergency. Uncontrolled hyperammonemia can rapidly result in brain damage or death, and prompt use of all therapies necessary, including hemodialysis, to reduce ammonia levels is essential.

Hyperammonemic coma (regardless of cause) in the newborn infant should be aggressively treated while the specific diagnosis is pursued.

Hemodialysis should be promptly initiated in all newborn patients. A blood flow rate of 150 mL/min/m² should be targeted (ammonia clearance [mL/min] is similar to the blood flow rate [mL/min] through the dialyzer). Clearance of ammonia is approximately ten times greater by hemodialysis than by peritoneal dialysis or hemofiltration. Exchange transfusion is ineffective in the management of hyperammonemia. Hemodialysis may be repeated until the plasma ammonia level is stable at normal or near normal levels.

Hyperammonemia due to urea cycle disorders should be managed in coordination with medical personnel experienced in metabolic disorders. Ongoing monitoring of plasma ammonia levels, neurological status, laboratory tests, and clinical response in patients receiving AMMONUL is crucial to assess patient response to treatment.

Decreased Potassium Levels

Because urine potassium loss is enhanced by the excretion of the nonreabsorbable anions, phenylacetylglutamine and hippurate, plasma potassium levels should be carefully monitored and appropriate treatment given when necessary.

Conditions Associated with Fluid Overload

AMMONUL contains 30.5 mg of sodium per mL of undiluted product. Thus, AMMONUL should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure or severe renal insufficiency, and in clinical states in which there is sodium retention with edema. Discontinue administration of AMMONUL, evaluate the patient, and institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures if an adverse event occurs.

Administration must be through a central line. Administration through a peripheral line may cause burns. Bolus infusion flow rates are relatively high, especially for infants [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Extravasation of AMMONUL into the perivenous tissues may lead to skin necrosis. If extravasation is suspected, discontinue the infusion and resume at a different infusion site, if necessary. The infusion site must be monitored closely for possible infiltration during drug administration. Do not administer undiluted product.

Neurotoxicity of Phenylacetate

Because of prolonged plasma levels achieved by phenylacetate in pharmacokinetic studies, repeat loading doses of AMMONUL should not be administered. Additionally, neurotoxicity was reported in cancer patients receiving intravenous phenylacetate, 250–300 mg/kg/day for 14 days, repeated at 4-week intervals. Manifestations were predominantly somnolence, fatigue, and lightheadedness, with less frequent headaches, dysgeusia, hypoacusis, disorientation, impaired memory, and exacerbation of a preexisting neuropathy. The acute onset of symptoms upon initiation of treatment and reversibility of symptoms when the phenylacetate was discontinued suggest a drug effect. [See Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology]

Hyperventilation and Metabolic Acidosis

Due to structural similarities between phenylacetate and benzoate to salicylate, AMMONUL may cause side effects typically associated with salicylate overdose, such as hyperventilation and metabolic acidosis. Monitoring of blood chemistry profiles, blood pH and should be performed.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of AMMONUL. Studies to evaluate the possible impairment of fertility or mutagenic potential of AMMONUL have not been performed. Results indicate that sodium benzoate is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, and does not impair fertility.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with AMMONUL. It is not known whether AMMONUL can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Thus, AMMONUL should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether sodium phenylacetate, sodium benzoate, or their conjugation products are excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when AMMONUL is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

AMMONUL has been used as a treatment for acute hyperammonemia in pediatric patients including patients in the early neonatal period [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of AMMONUL did not include any patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Urea cycle disorders are presently diseases of the pediatric and younger adult populations. No pharmacokinetic studies of AMMONUL have been performed in geriatric patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and concomitant disease or other drug therapy in this patient population.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of AMMONUL were compared in healthy males and females. Bioavailability of both benzoate and phenylacetate was slightly higher in females than in males. However, conclusions cannot be drawn due to the limited number of subjects in this study.

Hepatic Insufficiency

Limited information is available on the metabolism and excretion of sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate in patients with impaired hepatic function. However, metabolic conjugation of sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate is known to take place in the liver and kidney. Therefore, caution should be used in administering AMMONUL to patients with hepatic insufficiency.

Renal Impairment

The drug metabolites of AMMONUL (phenylacetylglutamine and hippurate) and subsequently ammonia are primarily excreted by the kidney. Therefore, use caution and closely monitor patients with impaired renal function who receive AMMONUL.

Last reviewed on RxList: 7/27/2011
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.

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Brewer's Yeast

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What other names is Brewer's Yeast known by?

Baker's Yeast, Dried Yeast Fermentate, Faex, Faex Medicinalis, Levadura de Cerveza, Levure, Levure de Biere, Levure de Bière Inactive, Levure de Boulangerie, Levure Fermentée, Levure Médicinale, Levure Sèche Déshydratée, Medicinal Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. cerevisiae.

What is Brewer's Yeast?

Brewer's yeast is a kind of yeast that is a by-product of brewing beer. People use it to make medicine.

Possibly Effective for...

  • Premenstrual syndrome when taken with vitamins and minerals.

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

  • Diarrhea, common cold, the flu (influenza), loss of appetite, acne, boils, and diabetes.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).

Therapeutic Research Faculty copyright

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"Holiday celebrations are brimming with food and fun, but they also create special health and dietary challenges for the more than 2 million people in the United States with celiac disease, an intolerance of the protein gluten found in wheat, rye,"...

Each dose of PREVPAC contains four pills: one pink and black capsule (PREVACID), two opaque, yellow capsules (amoxicillin) and one yellow tablet (clarithromycin). Each dose should be taken twice per day before eating. Patients should be instructed to swallow each pill whole.

PREVPAC may interact with some drugs; therefore patients should be advised to report to their doctor the use of any other medications.

Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including PREVPAC should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When PREVPAC is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by PREVPAC or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.

Patients should be advised to immediately report and seek care for diarrhea that does not improve. This may be a sign of Clostridium Difficile associated diarrhea (see WARNINGS).

Patients should be advised to immediately report and seek care for any cardiovascular or neurological symptoms including palpitations, dizziness, seizures, and tetany as these may be signs of hypomagnesemia (see WARNINGS).

Last reviewed on RxList: 1/14/2014
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.

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Amette, Leon Adolphe

Born: 1850 AD
Died: 1920 AD, at 69 years of age.

Nationality: French
Categories: Cardinal

1850 - Born on 6 September in Douville, diocese of Evreux, France.

1861 - He was educated at Minor Seminary of Evreux.

1867 - Entered the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, Paris.

1873 - He was ordained as a priest on 20 December in Paris.

         - Pastoral work in the diocese of Evreux and secretary to its bishop.

1884 - Received his titular canon.

1889 - He was vicar general.

1890 - He was vicar capitular.

1898 - Elected bishop of Bayeux on November 28th.

1899 - Consecrated on January 25th at the Cathedral of Evreux, by Cardinal Guillaume Marie Romain Sourrieu, archbishop of Rouen, assisted by François Sueur, archbishop of Avignon, and by Philippe Meunier, bishop of Evreux.

1906 - Promoted to the titular archbishop of Side and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Paris, on February 21st.

1911 - Created cardinal priest in the consistory of November 27th.

         - Received the red hat and the title of S. Sabina on November 30th.

1914 - Participated in the conclave.

1920 - Died on August 29th in Antony and was buried at the metropolitan cathedral in Paris.

Page last updated: 1:24pm, 25th Jan '07


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Spinks, Michael (Mike)

Born: 1956 AD
Currently alive, at 58 years of age.

Nationality: American
Categories: Boxer

1956 - Born on July 13th in St. Louis, Missouri. American boxer, along with Leon, the first brothers to win gold medals in the same sport at the same Olympics and, as professional champions, the first brothers in boxing history to win world titles.

1976 - During the Olympic Games in Montreal, both Leon and Michael had fought with some success at the amateur level—Michael, a middleweight, winning the championship of the Golden Gloves Association of America.

1977 - Michael began his professional career.

1981 - He won his first title fight—a 15-round decision over Eddie Mustafa Muhammad for the World Boxing Association light-heavyweight crown.

1983 - He successfully defended his title five times before earning the vacant world title by winning a 15-round decision over Dwight Qawi.

1985 - Michael won four more title-defense bouts. He then gained 25 pounds and in September became the first reigning light-heavyweight champion to topple a heavyweight champion when he won a 15-round decision over Larry Holmes for the International Boxing Federation title.

1988 - Michael fought Mike Tyson in June, losing in just 91 seconds, the fourth shortest heavyweight title match in history and retired after a month.

Page last updated: 3:44pm, 29th May '07


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For years the animal rights fanatics, have accused the charros of being barbaric and cruel because of mangana.and piales Their charges have been based on lies and half truths. Charros, the original cowboys, have four hundred years of dealing with large dangerous animals on the open range. This experience has evolved into the tradition known as charreada. The charros methods of animal care are part of the tradition of Charreada. This includes mangana and piales.

Mangana is the securing of a large dangerous animal by catching its front legs.The opponents of mangana claim, that most of the horses used in mangana die or have to be put down. This belief is based on a silly study done by Cathleen Doyle (CALIFORNIA EQUINE COUNCIL). In her so-called study, she says that 75 horses were used in mangana during a season. Of those 75, all but 2 were sent to slaughter. What she does not say, is that the 73 horse were injured in mangana, or that the horses had been destined for slaughter, even if they had never been in the lienzo (Charro arena). In fact, the only description of mangana she has ever made, is about a skinny mare, that was killed in a capture. You can see a picture of the death in a link on this web page. That was in 1993. Because of the way she munipulated the truth in her silly study, the Charros refer to Doyle, as the "Queen of the half truth".

This is an excerpt from an The Arabian Horse Rescue Network plea for money:

On June 20, 1998, Rose Ann and AHRN volunteer Trish Warr went to the feedlot to look at an Arabian mare who had come in. As they walked around the pens, almost simultaneously they saw a beautiful black-bay Arabian gelding who looked as if he had been through some terrifying times. As they approached to look at him, his ears went back, and his mouth and nostrils tensed. His hooves were very long, his mane and tail had not been bathed or brushed for months, but worst of all were the horrendous scars he wore. His back was covered in old and fresh wounds, and what appeared to be severe whip marks. In addition to the injuries to his back, his lower legs showed lacerations from ropes.
He was brought in, according to the feedlot owner, by several charros who said he no longer ran. This, coupled with the fact that he was covered in wounds, could mean only one thing. The gelding had been used in the horse-tripping event of the Mexican Charreada Rodeo. Although it has been outlawed in California, it continues to be a feature of the charro rodeo. It involves a charro on horseback who pursues a fleeing horse. The goal is to rope the front or back legs, and trip the horse to the ground.

The Equus Sanctuary web page says this, and then ask for money:

Charros keep tripping horses until they're lame, or until the season's up and the go to the slaughter," says Cathleen Doyle, president of the California Equine Council, which promotes responsible horsemanship. “Horses break legs, necks and teeth. They fracture their shoulders, and batter their knees and hocks. You can see deep gashes on their faces, shoulders, hips, legs and heels. The ropes often burn their flesh down to the bone.”

What these people are saying is just absolute nonsense. The first reason you know it is not true, is the absence of verification. If these AR fanatics had found horses in this type of condition, there would have been dozens of police reports. There also would have been hundreds of pictures, black and white and color. There would have been thousands of videos. Furthermore, I have been around livestock most of my life and I have never seen a laceration caused by ropes on a horses legs. I have seen rope burns on horses legs. They have always been caused by the same thing. Somebody tries to save money and stakes a horse out to graze, with a rope tied to its halter and the end tied to a tree or fence post. The horse gets the rope tangled up in its legs, tries to free itself and repeatedly works the rope around its leg or legs. After a while you will have a rope burn. In both mangana and piales, the rope is just not on the horse long enough to cause a rope burn.

I have seen horses with lacerations on their legs. These were cause by the horses kicking each other, or getting their legs tangled in bailing wire. I have even seen a horse cut up pretty bad when it spooked and ran into a barb wire fence. This nonsense about the horses being injured in mangana or piales is just silly. The problem is too many people take it seriously. So serious that a few states have outlawed mangana and piales.

There are over three hundred videos of mangana linked to this web page. In each, the horse gets up after the capture and trots away. These videos were placed here as a result of a challenge of Eric Mills. He said I would never put up videos of mangana. When I did put up the videos, I asked him if his position had changed. He replied, “even if you put up 1000 videos, I would still oppose it”. He said it was because he saw a skinny mare used in mangana the hit a wall and deficated on herself. Well, watch the 300 videos and see if you see any mares hitting the wall or deficating on themselves. If you don't have time to watch all 300 videos, watch this:

It is 22 straight captures, where the horses do not get so much as a scratch and none of them ever touches the wall.

Why would these fanatics maintain their opposition, in face of proof. Because there is too much money in it. PETA, HSUS, Doyle and Mills, all operate some sort of animal rights operation. They all pander to racism to raise money. Racism is a much easier sell in the USA, then taking on other equestrian events like steeplechase and cross country, which are more dangerous to horses then mangana, but have big money behind them. ( Go to the horse accident videos on this page to see what I mean)

Some fanatics try to say that even the Federation of Charros, support the ban on mangana, by pointing to the rule that says you cannot do traditional mangana in the United States. This rule came about when Eric Mills and Cathleen Doyle, were able to sneak a law banning traditional mangana, during a special session of the California Legislature. This was after the bill failed to pass during the regular session. Since the Charros of California would be at a disadvantage, in competitions outside that state, it was agreed to stop the capture of the horses. It had nothing to do with any non-existant danger to the horses, as evidenced by the fact, the same rules allow you to do traditional mangana at Federated events in Mexico.

Many of the opponents of mangana say, that even the loss of one horse is too much. When you point out that over 50,000 children are hospitalized and between 5 and 10 die each year, in high school football, they respond with arguement that, the students get to choose to participate. When you ask if steers should agree to be hamburger or chickens if they want to be fried? The usual response is, horses are different. How they are different is not explained. The fact is most of the world considers equines, just another source of protein and left to their own devices, horses will eat, poop and procreate. In their spare time they will fight with each other. Furthermore, if you look around your house, you will find some horse product, just under some pseudonym. This is especially true if you have cats and dogs.

When it becomes apparent that the Fanatics argument about dangers to the animals are not true, the Animal Rights Fanatics resort to trivializing the importance of sport. They announce that the use of animals is sport is not important. The most aggressive of these is Eric Mills. This is a man who has never owned any livestock. He has never taken care of horses or cattle. He is totally ignorant of what they are capable of or how they react. Yet, in all his ignorance, he is so arrogant, so as to tell people who have been taking care of livestock all their lives, what to do.

He also does not understand the importance of sport in peoples lives. We have been playing sports since before the Parthenon was built. It is part of our humanity. It is what helps hold society together. In Charreria, the family is the basis of the sport. Formalized Charrerada began after the Revolution of 1910. Trying to reunite the country after a decade of civil war, various states began schools to teach the rural ways that had been lost. While before the Revolution, the Hacienda had been the basis of teams, after the renewal, the family became the basis of teams. It is not unusual for teams to be composed of fathers and mothers, sons and daughters. It is not unusual to find third, fourth and even fifth generation Charros and Charras. That is why, when you see children in the traje of the Charro, you know they are part of the Charro Family, and they will not be involved in drive-by shootings or drugs.

The reason I believe in mangana is a responsible method of animal control, is because of an instance where its use helped save both a horse and some children. In 1992, I had a black stud horse, I loaned to a friend for breading. He was a strong horse and was a little bit mean. When he came back he was just crazy. I have the impression that during the two weeks he was gone, he was let loose to run, with a number of mares in heat.

The day after he was returned, the hand who took care of him, was taking him out of his stable, to put him on a pole where he would spend the day. Charro do this, so the animal feels the control of the halter. When he got near a mare that was not in heat, he reared up and got away. The stud took off after a mare. She rebuffed his approach by kicking him just as hard a she could. He would not take no for an answer and he went after her again and she continued kicking him. One of the guys, who were nearby, threw a rope around his neck. This just got him madder, and he jerked the rope out of the roper’s hands and took off down a road towards where some children were playing. That’s when I saw mangana work.

A short small Charro threw a loop around the front legs of the crazed animal. Down he went on the road. Three of us got to him at about the same time. I grabbed the original lead rope and a second lead rope was attached on him. Someone grabbed the rope around his neck. When we had him sort of under control, the loop on his legs was released and the three of use got him into a corral. He lost his masculinity the next week. I figured he was going to hurt someone and it was probably going to be me.

That horse was a great cola horse, another event the fanatics do not like. He was 25 years old when I gave him to a friend of my wife, She said he reminded her of her grandfather, independant and a little head strong, but still a good saddle horse.He suffered from no injuries, even though he was captured on a gravel road.

Not content with lieing about mangana, now Eric Mills wants to stop piales. He claims that it is more dangerous then mangana. Again, this man who has no experience with livestock, has no proof. Piales is roping the back legs of a running horse and bringing it to a stop. In all my years as a Charro, I have never seen a horse injured in piales, not even slightly. I have seen Charros hurt, since the horse is stopped by letting the rope slide around the saddle horn with just enough force to bring the horse to a stop, without making it fall. A Charros can lose a finger or thumb, if he lets it get cought between the running rope and the saddle horn. You can usually tell who is a committed pialeador by shaking his right hand.

During the 2011, failed attempt to outlaw mangana and piales in Nevada, the rhetoric of the animal rights fanatics, reached a new low. Willis Lamm, who runs his own animal rights front, WILD HORSE RANCH, said the mangana and piales are shaddow sports, akin to dog fighting. Of course dog fighting is illegal in all 50 states and does not have any purpose in animal husbandry, while catching horses by there legs does. Even in the few states where the legislatures were duped into outlawing mangana and piales, the law recognizes that capturing a horse by its legs has a legitimate use in animal husbandry. That is why each of those states allows this type of capture for veterinarian care, branding and identification. Capturing horses by their legs, has been part of ranch work for hundreds of years. Therefore, it is properly part of a celebration of traditional ranch work. That is what Charreada is. So Lamm, should take his racist ranting and go hide up in the Sierras, where no decent person has to look on his face

Since both mangana and piales have a practical use in animal husbandry, and both events are no more dangerous to horses then other equestrian events, there is no reason for them to be illegal. So both events, should remain legal in those states that have not outlawed them and those few states that were duped into banning them should make them legal.

We have over 300 videos of horses being ropped by their legs and are not hurt. Apparently this is not enough proof for the so called Animal Rights fanatics. They still promulgate their propaganda that mangana and piales as being cruel and barbaric, even though there is no empirical evidence to support their position. Recently, I was contacted by a Charro named Miguel Escamilla, who proposed a joint scientific study comparing the dangers to animals in charreria, to the dangers to animals, in other equistrian events, including rodeo, steeplechase and eventing. This was called the Charro Challenge. I forwarded his idea to Eric Mills. So far I have been ignored. This makes me believe that they so called animal rights advocates are more interested in rhetoric then truth. So, I will formally challenge, Cathleen Doyle, Eric Mills, Willis Lamm, Shark, the Humane Society, and the Animal Defense Fund, to put up or shut up. Let’s find out what the truth is..

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Calvin's Commentaries, Vol. 36: Acts, Part I, tr. by John King, [1847-50], at sacred-texts.com

Acts 10:1-6

1. And there was a certain man of Cesarea named Cornelius, a captain [centurion] of the band which was called the Italian band; 2. A devout man, and one that feared God with his household, and one which gave alms to all the people, and which prayed to God continually. 3. He saw plainly in a vision, about the ninth hour of the day, an angel of God coming in unto him, and saying to him, Cornelius. 4. And beholding, and being afraid, he said, What is it, Lord? Then he said to him, Thy prayers and thy alms are come up into remembrance before God. 5. And now send men to Joppa, and fet [send for] Simon, which is called Peter: 6. He lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house lieth to the sea; he shall tell thee what thou must do.

1. Luke passeth over now unto a worthy  643 history, to wit, that God vouchsafeth to advance a stranger, and one uncircumcised, unto singular honor above all the Jews, because he doth both send his angel unto him, and for his sake bringeth Peter to Cesarea, that he may instruct him in the gospel. But first of all Luke showeth what manner of person this Cornelius was, for whose cause an angel descended from heaven, and God spake to Peter in a vision. He was a captain [centurion] of the Italian band; a band [cohort] did consist upon [of] a thousand footmen, and he which was chief captain was called a tribune, (or marshal.) Again, every hundred had a captain. A legion had for the most part five bands. That band was called the Italian band, because the Romans did choose soldiers oftentimes from amongst those which dwelt in the provinces; but they had the strength of the army  644 out of Italy; therefore, Cornelius was an Italian born; but he was at Cesarea with his hundred, to guard the city. For the Romans were wont so to distribute their places of abode,  645 that every city of renown might have a garrison to stay sudden uproars. A rare example that a soldier was so devout towards God, so upright and courteous towards men! For at that time the Italians, when as they were carried into the provinces to live in warfare, ran to and fro like hungry wolves to get some prey; they had for the most part no more religion than beasts; they had as great care of innocency as cutthroats; for which cause the virtues of Cornelius deserve the greater commendation, in that leading a soldier’s life, which was at that time most corrupt, he served God holily, and lived amongst men without doing any hurt or injury. And this is no small amplification of his praise, in that casting away superstition wherein he was born and brought up, he embraced the pure worship of God; for we know what account the Italians made of themselves, and how proudly they despised others. And the Jews were at that time in such contempt, that for their sakes pure religion was counted infamous, and almost execrable. Seeing that none of these things could hinder Cornelius, but that forsaking his idols he did embrace the true worship of the true God alone, it must needs be that he was endued with rare and singular sincerity. Moreover, he could find scarce any thing amongst the Jews wherewith he could be allured unto the study of godliness, because there was then scarce one amongst a thousand which had even some small smattering of the law; and, undoubtedly, Cornelius had lighted upon some good worshipper of God, who being sound from corrupt opinions, did expound unto him the law faithfully, without mixing any leaven therewith; but because Luke giveth him many titles of commendation, we must note them all [singly.]

2. He saith that he was a godly man, and one that feared God; secondly, that like a good householder he had a care to instruct his families; he praiseth him afterward for the offices of love, because he was beneficial [beneficent] toward all the people; and, lastly, that he prayed [to] God continually. The sum is this, that Cornelius was a man of singular virtues, wherein the integrity of the godly consisteth, so that his life was framed, in all points, according to the rule which God prescribeth unto us. And because the law is contained in two tables, Luke commendeth, in the former place, Cornelius’ godliness; secondly, he descendeth unto the second part, that he exercised the offices of love toward men. This is very profitable to be marked, because we have a way to live well described in his person.

Wherefore, in ordering the life well, let faith and religion be the foundation, which being taken away, all other virtues are nothing else but smokes. Luke reckoneth up the fear of God and prayer as fruits and testimonies of godliness and of the worship of God, and that for good causes. For religion cannot be separated from the fear of God and the reverence of him, neither can any man be counted godly, save he who acknowledging God to be his Father and Lord, doth addict himself wholly to him. And let us know that voluntary fear is commended in this place when those men submit themselves to God willingly and from their heart, who duly consider themselves what is due to him.

Moreover, because a great part of the world doth, with reigned trifles, corrupt and deprave the worship of God, Luke added, for good causes, that Cornelius prayed continually; whereby he doth signify, that he proved not his godliness only with external ceremonies, but that he worshipped God spiritually, when as he exercised himself in prayer. We must also note the continuance of his prayer; whence we gather, that he did not pray only coldly, after the common custom, but that he was earnestly bent to prayer, as the continual benefits of God do exhort us and prick us forward thereunto, and the force of faith ought there to show itself. Wherefore let every one of us exhort himself to persevere in prayer by the example of Cornelius.

With all his house. We must not lightly pass over this commendation that Cornelius had a church in his house. And, surely, a true worshipper of God will not suffer so much as in him lieth God to be banished from his house. For how unmeet a thing is it for him to maintain his own right stoutly, that his wife, children, servants, and maids may obey him, and not to regard that God is disobeyed. It shall sometimes fall out so that a godly man cannot have even his wife to be of his mind; yet he, which ruleth others, must endeavor by all means to have God obeyed; and there is nothing more meet than that we should consecrate all ours to God as ourselves. Therefore, if a godly man have children which are unlike him, or a wife of evil conditions, or lewd and wicked servants, let him not wink, nor yet suffer his house to be polluted through his slothfulness. The diligence of Cornelius is not so much commended as the blessing of God, whereby it came to pass that he had his house obedient unto him in godliness. And we must not omit the circumstance, that he instructed his family in the fear of God, setting light by the fear of danger, which did hang over his head therefore. For the Jewish religion was in great contempt;  646 and no citizen of Rome might freely  647 receive any strange religion, as they called it. Wherefore, although the sincere profession of the gospel be evil spoken of in the world, yet is it too corrupt frightfulness  648 if that unjust hatred hinder any man from offering his family to God for a sacrifice, by godly instruction.

Giving alms. There is also the figure synecdoche in this member, [clause.] For as it was said, even now, that the worship of God was proved by prayers, so now, when Luke speaketh of love, he maketh choice of one kind; whereby he showeth that Cornelius was a liberal and bountiful man. For our godliness ought so to appear to men, that we declare that we fear God by using bountifulness and justice. The word alms is translated unto those external good works wherewith we help the poor, (Isa 58:7,) forasmuch as misericordia, or mercy, is the inward affection of the heart properly. For from this fountain springeth true and well ordered bountifulness, if the troubles and sorrows of our brethren do move us to compassion; if, considering the unity which is amongst us, we foster and cherish them as we would cherish our own flesh, and study to help them as we would help our own members. Hypocrites are, indeed, sometimes liberal, or at least bountiful; but howsoever they waste all,  649 yet no relief which they shall bestow upon the poor shall be worthy to be called by the name of alms. For we must hold that of Paul, He which hath no love is nothing, though he give all his goods to the poor, (1Co 13:3.) Let us, therefore, learn by this word, that God doth then allow our liberality, if we relieve the poverty of the poor, being moved with compassion, and if, as it were, with open bowels we bestow that which the liberality of God doth give.

Whereas Luke saith that he gave alms to all the people, it signifieth as much as everywhere to the poor; for there were not a few rich men to whom to have given had been an absurd thing. But whereas he bestowed so liberally upon the Jews, he declared how he agreed with them in religion; in which respect Luke saith, shortly after, that he was allowed of  650 all the Jews. And if so be it he was such an excellent mirror of godliness and holiness, even when he had but a small smattering of faith, although he were letted so many ways,  651 ought not we to be ashamed who will be accounted most Christian doctors, and are yet so cold in the exercises of godliness? If a small sparkle of faith prevailed so much in him, what ought the full brightness of knowledge to work in us? But howsoever we boast of Christ with full mouth, yet how far are we, for the most part, from the example of the holy man, so that there appeareth scarce a small shadow of those virtues wherewith he was replete? For how loose  652 are we in prayer? How slow and sluggish to do the duties of mercy? Yea, many are not only letted with filthiness and covetousness from giving liberally so much of their own as they ought, but they are so inflamed with a desire  653 to have, they are become so beastly through cruelty,  654 that they are not afraid to rob the poor of their substance, and to eat their very flesh.

3. He saw in a vision. Luke putteth vision for a kind of oracle coming from God, that we may know that Cornelius was brought unto the faith of Christ after an heavenly manner. And because men are oftentimes deceived with juggling, Luke setteth down the time to avoid all suspicion, when he mentioneth the ninth hour. And at that time they were wont to divide the day into twelve hours; from the rising of the sun until the going down thereof. Whereupon it followeth that it was fair daylight when the angel appeared, that the vision might be more evident. Although there were always seals added unto visions, that they might free the servants of God from fear of illusions, because when he appeared in dreams, yet were there such marks of certainty imparted in their minds as would not suffer them to doubt.

4. And he beheld, and was afraid. Luke expresseth his attentiveness in plain words, that we may know that it was no vain imagination which came upon the man as he was sleeping or doing some other thing. The fear wherewith he was taken  655 proceeded from the perceiving of the majesty of God;  656 for so soon as men conceive the presence of God, they must needs be afraid and cast down with fear. And whereas his words do no whit terrify us, that must be imputed to our sluggishness, because we do not know nor perceive that it is God which speaketh. But the godly, to whom God revealeth himself in his word, do tremble when they hear it, as Isaiah saith, (Isa. 66:2, 5.) Furthermore, the sight of God is unto them terrible, not that they may always lie confounded, and be swallowed up of fear, but only that they may humbly address themselves to reverence him.

What is it, Lord? It appeareth plainly by this answer, that Cornelius’ mind was touched with religion; that he knew that he had to deal with God. Therefore the common translation hath it evil,  657 Who art thou, Lord? And it is likely that that which is there read was put in instead of this, forasmuch as in the Greek text there is no doubtfulness, whereby the interpreter might be deceived, and all the copies agree together in this reading, τι εστι. And assuredly, when Cornelius perceived that it is God, he submitteth himself to obey; as the answer is nothing but a commandment.

Thy prayers and alms. Because God seemeth to be after a sort deaf, unless he answer our petitions by and by, hence cometh that speech, that our prayers come unto him, and that he is mindful thereof. Furthermore, the angel assigneth this as the cause why God vouchsafeth to show to Cornelius the light of his gospel; because he hath heard his prayers and accepted his alms. Whence we gather that virtues and good works do not only please God, but that they are also adorned with this excellent reward, that he heapeth upon us and enricheth us with greater gifts for their sakes; according to that, “To him that hath shall be given,” (Mt 13:12.) And again,

“Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful in a few things, I will set thee over many things,”
(Mt 25:21.)

For God doth after this sort extol his by a continual course of his gifts, as it were by certain steps, until he bring them to the top.

But the Papists abuse this place two ways; for because God respected the prayers and alms of Cornelius, so that he endued him with the faith of the gospel, they wrest that unto the preparations which they have invented, as if a man did get faith by his own industry and power, and did prevent  658 the grace of God by the merits of works. Secondly, they gather, generally, that good works are meritorious in such sort, that the graces of God are increased in every man as he hath deserved. In the former they are too childishly deceived, whilst that they feign that the works of Cornelius were acceptable to God before he was illuminate by faith. And we need not to fet [seek] a proof far to refute their ignorance; for he could obtain nothing by prayer unless faith went before, which only openeth the gate for us to pray; and Augustine weigheth that well and wisely, who derideth Pelagius, because he said that faith was obtained by prayers before it was in man in any measure: Who (saith he) will seek a physician save he who is already healed in some part? And it is the health of faith which teacheth us to knock. Furthermore, the fear of God and godliness do plainly prove that he was regenerate by the Spirit. For Ezekiel giveth  659 this praise to God alone, that he frameth the hearts of men to fear him, (Ezekiel 32:40 [sic].) And Isaiah saith, that the Spirit of the fear of God resteth in Christ, (Isa 11:2,) that we may know that he can be found no where save only in his members. Therefore it is too great folly to feign a man in the person of Cornelius, who, having nature for his guide, can attain unto eternal life, or endeavor to come thither. Therefore they reason blockishly, that we are able to prevent the grace of God with the merits of works.

As touching the second error, when as they imagine that every one of us is increased with greater graces as he hath deserved, it may easily be refuted. First, we deny that we have any good works which God hath not freely given us; secondly, we say that the right use of gifts cometh from him also and that this is his second grace, that we use his former gifts well. Thirdly, we deny that we deserve any thing by our works,  660 which are always lame and corrupt. Good works do indeed purchase for us the increase of grace, but not by their own desert. For they cannot be acceptable to God without pardon, which they obtain by the benefit of faith. Wherefore it is faith alone which maketh them acceptable.  661 Thus did Cornelius obtain more perfect knowledge of Christ by his prayers and alms, but in that he had God to be favorable and merciful to his prayers and alms, that did depend upon faith.

Furthermore, if good works be esteemed [estimated] by faith, it is of mercy, and not of merit, that God doth allow [approve] them. For because faith findeth no worthy thing in us whereby we can please God, it borroweth that of Christ which we want. And this is too perverse, that though the Papists have this word merit every now and then in their mouths, and cease not to puff up fools with a vain confidence, yet they bring nothing whereby the studies of men may be moved to do well. For they leave their consciences always in a doubt, and command men to doubt whether their words please God or not. Must not men’s minds need faint when they are possessed with such fear? But as for us, though we take merit from works, yet when as we teach that there is a reward laid up for them, we prick men forward with an excellent and sharp prick, to desire to live well. For we address ourselves then joyfully to serve God, when we are persuaded that we lose not our labor. And whereas there appeareth at this day no more plentiful abundance of the gifts of the Spirit, but that the more part doth rather wither away, we must thank our unthankfulhess for that. For as God did crown Cornelius’ prayers and alms, and holiness, with the most precious pearl of his gospel, so there is just cause why he should suffer us to starve, being brought unto hungry poverty, when as he seeth us abuse the treasure of his gospel wickedly and ungodlily.

Yet here may a question be asked, Whether faith require the knowledge of Christ, or it be content with the simple persuasion of the mercy of God? for Cornelius seemeth to have known nothing at all concerning Christ. But it may be proved by sound proofs that faith cannot be separated from Christ; for if we lay hold upon the bare majesty of God, we are rather confounded with his glory, than that we feel any taste of his goodness. Therefore, Christ must come between, that the mind of man may conceive that God is merciful. And it is not without cause that he is called the image of the invisible God, (Col 1:15;) because the Father offereth himself to be holden in his face alone. Moreover, seeing that he is the way, the truth, and the life, (Joh 14:6;) whithersoever thou goest without him, thou shalt be enwrapped on every side in errors, and death shall meet you [thee] on every side. We may easily answer concerning Cornelius. All spiritual gifts are offered unto us in Christ; and especially whence cometh regeneration, save only because we are ingrafted into the death of Christ, our old man is crucified? (Romans, 6:5, 6.) And if Cornelius were made partaker of the Spirit of Christ, there is no cause why we should think that he was altogether void of his faith; neither had he so embraced the worship of the true God, (whom the Jews alone did worship,) but that he had also heard  662 somewhat of the promised Mediator; though the knowledge of him were obscure and entangled, yet was it some. Whosoever came at that time into Judea he was enforced to hear somewhat of the Messiah, yea, there was some fame of him spread through countries which were far off.  663 Wherefore, Cornelius must be put in the catalogue of the old fathers, who hoped for salvation of the Redeemer before he was revealed. And it is properly  664 [improperly] said of Augustine, that Peter grounded his faith; whereas it had now before a firm foundation; although Augustine thinketh as we do in the thing itself, who affirmeth plainly, that Cornelius could not pray unless he had faith, in his Book of the Predestination of Saints, and other places.

5. Now send to Joppa. God dealt most favorably with Cornelius, in that he doth not command him to go himself, but to send messengers unto Peter, that he may stay quietly at home, and that Peter may endure the toil of the journey for his sake. But let us not wonder that Cornelius was so courteously handled, seeing that God thrusteth the ministers of his word daily upon the unwilling; so that he appeareth of his accord to those which do not seek him, as he saith by Isaiah, (Isa 65:1.) But why doth not the angel rather teach him?  665 For this seemeth an inconvenient  666 thing that he resigneth his office to a mortal man; for the oracle should have had greater authority than when the gospel is preached to him by a mortal man. As when Christ appeared to Paul by a vision, he set, notwithstanding, Ananias to teach him, that he might by such an example establish the ministry of the preaching of the gospel, which he committed to his Church; so now the angel giveth place to Peter, that he may execute the office committed unto him by Christ. Therefore, whosoever will be the disciple of Christ, and be illuminated by the (heavenly) light of the heavenly wisdom, let him not grudge to use attentiveness and docility toward the external voice of men, which Christ useth as an instrument, and whereunto he will have our faith annexed. And we see how sore God hath punished their furious pride, who, contemning preaching, have looked for  667 revelations from heaven. For since God will be heard in men, the ministers to whom he hath given his word  668 cannot be contemned without contempt and reproach of him. Nevertheless, I confess that the spirits must be proved, (1Jo 4:1,) that we hear not without choice whosoever do pretend that they are ministers of Christ. But because faith cometh by hearing, (Ro 10:17,) no man shall attain thereunto which shall refuse and despise the word when it is preached,

Memorabilem,” memorable.

Robur exercituum,” the flower of their armies.

Stationes,” stations.

Valde... exosa,” exceedingly hated.

Impune,” with impunity.

Timiditas,” timidity or cowardice.

Ut omnia profundant,” how profuse soever they be.

Probatum,” approved by.

Quum tam multa offendicula occurrerent,” when so many obstacles or offenses stood in the way.

Quantus... torpor,” how great our torpor or sluggishness.

Insana cupidine,” an insane desire.

Tanta crudelitate efferati sunt,” so rage with cruelty.

Terror quo correptus est,” the terror with which he was seized.

Ex sensu Divinae Majestatis,” from a sense of the Divine Majesty.

Haabet male,” is inaccurate.

Antevertat,” anticipate.

Vendicat,” claimeth.

Conciliant,” procure.

Quae pretium illis statuit,” which gives them their value.

Quin aliquid simal... audesset,” without having at the same time heard.

Longe dissitas,” widely separated.

Improprie,” improperly.

Doctoris partes implet,” fulfill the office of teacher.

Parum rationi consentareum,” little accordant with reason.

Captarunt,” have caught at, longed for.

Apud quos verbum suum deposuit,” with whom he had deposited.

Next: Acts 10:7-16