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Erotic To Naughty Classic Porn Stars and Vintage Girls

Todays Vintage Porn Porn Links
John Holmes Delivers In here lays down the massive pipe into two classic stars in videos.
Bunny Bleu Dildo Banging Classic tube video has this classic blonde hottie masturbating her hairy pussy.
Wicked Masturbation Old time porn clips show this hairy chick finger and use a vacuum.
Garters And Stockings Two wonderful vintage erotica babes with big tits strip teasing in sexy leg wear videos.
Hot Ass Blonde In a classroom this lusty babe strips out of her skirt and white thong panties.

Voluptuous Movie Clip Jane Milo on the bed sharing oral favors before bouncing on cock making her big tits sway.
Bo Derek Naked From 10 to Woman Of Desire she has revealed her fine nude figure for film roles.
Brittany Stryker Threeway Classic pornstar gets one cock in her ass and another plugging cunt in these retro pictures.
Linnea Quigley Nude Small perky tits scream queen from the 80's and 90's in pics and video.
Hairy Asian Retro Chicks Very pretty retro Asian cuties get drilled hard by two schlongs.
Alicia Rio And Tiffany Mynx Two classic stars in video lustfully licking and sucking each others pussy.
Wicked Masturbation Old time porn clips show this hairy chick finger and use a vacuum.
Asia Carrera Hardcore Oriental pornstar in a few clips doing what she does best.
Vintage Girl Photos These ladies are posing for old erotica pictures in sexy clothing.
Lesbians Eighties Style Deep pussy munching adult film stars from a couple of decades ago.
Nastassja Kinski Nude Great video clip going back to 1978 where she bared her fresh nude body in film.
Helen Hunt Exposes Back in the nineties this beautiful actress bared her ass and breasts on film.
Black And White Porn Pics Various pictures from the golden era of erotica imagery.
He May Be Watching Seka and Shanna McCullough get in a hot threesome in these classic clips.
Ginger Lynn Hardcore Tom Byron licks and fucks this small tits pornstars fuzzy beaver on video.
Jenna And Nici Miss Jameson and Miss Sterling both strip totally naked in a gallery each.
Sexy Vintage Erotica Beautiful ladies of years gone past willing to pose in the golden days.
Classic Threeway Pics Your standard two girls one real lucky guy porn pictures.
Vintage Group Videos Two couples fucking in front of their 8mm video camera.
Vintage Bushy Pussy Amateur babe from the seventies shows pussy that is unshaven and untanned.
Hyapatia Lee Hardcore Video Chesty exotic star nipple squirts and mounts her hairy pussy on Randy West.
Very Hairy Pussy Pictures from the 70's features a young babe spreading all of those pubic curls.
Ball Sack Licking Chick From the seventies this classic photo shows naughty dick licker.
Popular Pornstars Savannah and nikki dial were a couple of sex queens in the big hair eighties.
Vintage Nude Pictures Old black and white and some that have been colorized.
Big Tits Deborah Caprioglio Busty German teen with a hairy pussy did a very explicit movie back in the late eighties.
Jenna Jameson Fucked Early videos of this fantastic pornstar getting banged.
Peter North Delivers 1980's classic porn movie clips featuring Peter North laying pipe to two lovelies.
Lacy Rose Hardcore Classic porn videos with this hot busty star from a couple of decades ago.
Classic Lesbian Pornstars Big tits Jill Kelly and friend get together in these retro porn pictures.
Furry Vintage Twats Various girls with hairy pussies from years ago captured in pictures.
Rachel Ryan Fucked A true classic porn star getting banged in a convertible car.
Vintage Erotica Photos Various ladies captured in black and white from years gone past.
Taija Rae Hardcore Popular actress from the eighties porn videos in some tasty fuck clips.
Asia Carrera Sex Sexy Asia pornstar doing what she did best in these clips.
Asia Carrera Nude One of the finest Asian pornstars to grace the adult industry.
Outdoor Classic Fuck Peter North and Ginger Lynn tag-team Christy Canyon in this movie clip by the pool.
Anna Nicole Smith Nude The buxom blonde beauty in all her glory during the good years.
Tera Patrick Hardcore Great pics of legendary star in her earlier days of hardcore fucking.
Classic Busoms Babe Beautiful soft tits and furry bush on this lady from days gone by.
From The Thirties Here are two pages of vintage porn movie clips in black and white of course.
Big Titties On Classic Ladies Lovely women from around the seventies showing off their natural knockers in pics.
Classic Black And Whites Various old pictures with some pinup style modeling going on.
Kinky Victoria Paris Fucked Classic porn vids of a horny pornstar Victoria Paris sucking and fucking.
Classic Lesbian Porn Interracial girl on girl from the 70's in these pictures.
Naked Badminton Player Classic pictures of a girl with deep dark tan lines and a hairy cunt.
Classic Beauty Raquel Welch This actress back in the sixties was over the top hot as witnessed in these pics.
Vintage Pics Of Pleasure These ladies from years ago thought sex was rather spiffy.
Couple Of Classics Two lovely ladies in different black and white picture sets.
Sheena Horne Fucked This porn legend gets her furry cunt filled in these hardcore pictures.
Classic Black Panties Beautiful brunette showing her sexy underwear and pussy before getting them both wet.
Ona Zee Fucked Great classic clips with this horny star from years gone bye.
Julie Michaels Big tits actress with a smashing ass from the eighties and nineties.
Helena Bonham Carter Nude Nice pics of her topless to nude including a video from back in the nineties.
Perky Tits Julie Warner Beautiful actress bared her pert boobs in Doc Hollywood back in 1991.
Kinky Jeanna Fine Banged Hardcore classic sex movies of a sexy Jeanna Fine sucking and fucking.
Legendary Ashlyn Gere Big cock stud Rocco lays his pipe into her hairy pornstar pussy.
Aja Pussy Spread Nice pics of this classic pornstar getting naked and opening up.
Classic Lesbian Sex Alicia Rio and Tiffany Mynx get together for some hot retro lesbo passion in pics and video.
Naked Vintage Girls These lovely ladies in black and white photos are showing their nude bodies.
Christy Canyon Titty Fuck Big natural tits with tan lines is look fabulous as Ron Jeremy fucks them.
Pornstars From The Past Videos of some old adult stars from the past doing what they did best.
Sexy Vintage Nudes Beautiful nude photography captured in black and white many moons ago.
Bunny Bleu Dildo Banging Classic tube video has this classic blonde hottie masturbating her hairy pussy.
Classic Nude Modeling Believe these various pictures to be from the early sixties of naughty wives.
Large Classic Titties Big hair and breasts from this hot tanlined amateur gal posing nude.
Laura Gemser Nude pictures and lesbian video of Laura from the erotica film series Emmanuelle.
Naked Marilyn Monroe The classic beauty bared all and forever more was star of nude proportions.
Nikki Sunn Fucked Video clips have this classic chick getting banged nicely.
Nina Hartley Fucked The one and only getting nailed in these classic porn videos.
Garters And Stockings Two wonderful vintage erotica babes with big tits strip teasing in sexy leg wear videos.
Years Past Erotica Old black and white photos of daring women showing their soft naked curves.
Isis Nile Hardcore Sex Let this retro star show off her fine sexual skills in videos.
Classic Orgy Porn 1970's classic porn movie clips featuring the one and only John Holmes.
Porn Babe Angel Summer Sexy white lace lingerie with garters and stockings on this legendary pornstar.
Viper Cucumber Insertion This wicked porn star legend uses two vegetables for a double stuffing.
Lea Martini In Stockings Sexy blonde porn babe from years past strip teasing from her lingerie.
Kim Chambers Hardcore Videos These fine clips show a busty classic star fucking and getting a mouthful.
Missy Ass Fucked Damn does she look great on all fours taking well into her bottom.
Trinity Loren Lesbian Past pornstar Trinity and another in their girl girl delights.
Summer Rose Hardcore Classic pornstar gets her hairy pussy fucked in these pictures.
Pics From The Seventies Couple of lovely ladies in these classic pictures showing their hairy pussies.
Classic Lesbian Pics Country girls from 1968 get wet and playful together.
Porn Legends Shayla LaVeaux and Sunny McKay reveal their sexy porn bodies in pictures.
Any Time Any Place Movie Clip Classic pornstar Seka is sucking a large cock before she mounts it for a ride.
XXX Busty Pornstar Chloe Vevrier Busty legend is featured in these hardcore classic xxx videos.
Classic Hardcore Videos Movie clips show Peter North laying his pipe into Teri Weigel here.
Stephanie Swift Sex Video clips with this petite classic porn babe sucking and fucking.
Classic Hairy Pussy Great looking gals from decades ago showing off their bushy twats.
Big Retro Boobs Photos of your typical busty long haired pornstars from the eighties with furry bush.
Classic Beauties From just a few decades ago these beauties showed all.
Classic Lesbian Lust Anna Malle and Nina Hartley get intimate together in these pictures.
Sylvia Kristel Nude This beautiful Dutch actress has done nude scene back in the seventies and eighties.
Aunt Peg Threesome In a bar a lucky man gets Peg and friend in a kinky three way.
Charlotte Gainsbourg Masturbates Nude Tiny tits actress in naked pics and playing with her hairy pussy on video.
Hot Anna Malle Her tan lined body was built for sex as she shows you in these hard pics.
Tiny Boobs Britt Ekland This classic actress from the 60's and 70's bared her sweet little breasts.
Classic Nude Girls These lovely gals from the sixties and seventies have tan lines and bushes.
Steamy Classic Sex Movies Hardcore vintage porn vids of two sexy blonde girls getting fucked.
Isis Nile Hardcore Busty pornstar legend sucking and fucking in these tube porn video.
Vintage Erotica Pictures Sexy black and white images with a variety lovely ladies.
PJ Sparxx Fuck Videos In these clips Rocco Siffredi lays pipe deep and hard into her.
Classic Lesbian Pornstars Vintage videos of some big haired lesbian adultstars licking pussy.
Angela In Lingerie Sexy blonde pornstar from yesterday looking hot in sexy wear.
Big Tits Christy Canyon Fucked Movie clip where Ron Jeremy delivers cock on this curvy true pornstar's hairy pussy.
Christi Lake Hardcore A true porn classic star fucking and sucking in these video clips.
Classic Pool Nudes Naked ladies laying around the pool in these classic pictures.
Sexy Vintage Stockings Lusty legs in silky hosiery from years back captured with black and white pics.
Lacy Rose Fucked Classic porn videos with a big hair eighties star giving oral and more.
Cameo Hardcore Sex Amazing pornstar from the eighties in these dandy videos.
Bushy Classic Babe Early adult pictures of a busty and bushy natural chick with tan lines.
Sexy Missy Warner Platinum blonde hottie in white lacey stockings showing the pink.
Retro Girl Pictures Nice classic color pictures from the seventies of sexy gals.
Vintage Black Babe Nude pictures of this ebony delight in black and white pictures.
Tennis Court Fucking Stream video with busty Taylor St.Claire rides a hard cock on the tennis court.
Various Classic Nudes Nifty collection of black and white naked pictures to enjoy.
Anna Malle Fucked Video clips show this tan lined classic pornstar getting it on.
Threesome Of Classic Proportions Peter North, Shanna McCullough and Alicia Monet in a hot little three-way fucking scene.
Classic Pool Pictures Various older pictures with a couple shots of skinny dipping nudes.
Johnni Black Anal Classic porn videos show this sexy blonde taking it in the rear by Peter North.
John Holmes Delivers In here lays down the massive pipe into two classic stars in videos.
Lisa DeLeeuw Hardcore Video Legendary redhead porn babe with freckles and pink nipple soft tits fucked.
Tanya Roberts Nude Here a classic with pictures from the eighties to 2001 plus a vid of this naughty celeb.
Michelle Bauer Nude Former penthouse pet moved on to horror flicks in the eighties.
Sexy French Classic Actress Pretty Isabelle Adjani from France got nude on film back in the eighties.
Vintage Hairy Pussy Black and white photos bushy twat naughty girls from years ago.
Vintage Hotties Pose From soft tease to full nudity these girls of yesterday look magnificent.
Nude Maria Schneider Natural boobs and hairy pussy on this actress from the class Last Tango In Paris.
Peter North Fucks Savannah Big titty blonde classic pornstar takes his mighty cock deep in tube videos.
Sissy Spacek Nude Back in the early 70's this rising star was butt naked on film.
Vintage Porn Videos Two gals and a guy in these old black and white stag flicks.
Black N White Photos Vintage pictures of sexy ladies in and out of their clothing.
Classic Skinny Dipper Capturing the beauty of a naked woman swimming underwater in a pool.
Helen Mirren Nude Underwater videos of this big tits classic actress swimming naked.
Screwed By Retro Schlongs Horny retro nymph gets screwed by two massive solid schlongs.
Classic Nature Girl Young lady photographed nude in a natural setting.
Thick Vintage Pussy Classic erotic pictures with a bushy cunt and tan lines.
Sexy In The Seventies Couple of delightful ladies getting naked for the camera back in the day.
Jeanna Fine Lesbian She is finger fucking two gals at the same time while they are in the tub.
Jill Kelly Anal This tan lined pornstar takes one in the ass out by the pool.
Classic Busty Babe Luscious old photos of a woman with big naturals and sexy tan lines.
Barbara Bach Nude This classic beauty bared her breasts and hairy pussy on the silver screen.
Angie Dickinson Naked This classic movie star was willing to exposes herself back in the seventies.
Classic Eighties Threeway Blowjobs Flash video shows these stars from yesterday getting cocks sucked by stars.
Bridgette Bardot Classic nude pics and girl kissing video from this classic starlet.
Classic Nude Fur Bushes These lovely ladies from years ago have their natural twats out for viewing.
Vintage Hairy Pussy Great black and white pics of women back when they did not trim their muffs.
Truly Old Porn Here is some antique style porn something that your grandfather watched.
Hyapatia Lee Blowjob Exotic classic pornstar give her employee a warm cock sucking in the office.
Chick With Pigtails Fucked Retro horny chick with pigtails fucked by a solid boner.
Christy Canyon Movies Huge boobs star from the eighties in a couple of sex scenes.
Classic Nude Pictures Sexy young woman in stockings baring her hairy pussy in these pictures.
Naughty Classic Nudes Various pictures of sexy beauties from the sixties and seventies.
Holly Body Strip Great looking tatas on this fine star from the past getting naked.
Big Tits Christy Canyon This fine classic porn babe exposing her lusty built for sex body with tan lines.
Retro Porn Movies Classic porn videos of two dirty couples having old time sex.
Lynden Johnson Large breasts on this classic porn slut showing her stuff on workout bench.
Jayne Mansfield Nude Buxom beauty started in girlie mags before moving to the silver screen back in the sixties.
Ashlyn Gere Fucked Tanned busty brunette pornstar legend get nailed from behind before getting on top.
Nina DePonca Nailed Tom Byron lays pipe into Nina in these classic porn videos.
Eighties Star Fucked PJ Sparxx pinned real good by a big white rod while on a bed.
Nikki Dial Hardcore Big hair porn babe from the eighties looks great fucking a painter.
Hairy Twat Vintage Girls Old black and white shot amateurs with untrimmed pussies posing naked.
Early Year Women Vintage erotic photos from teasing in clothes to completely nude.
Shanna McCullough Sex Big curly haired pornstar enjoying a nice hard cock in pictures.
Naughty Vintage Sex Black and white pics capture these dirty couples having sex.
Beverly D'Angelo Showing Tits Busty actress bares her breass in films from the 70's and 80's.
Vintage Beach Girls Old nudist colony black and white photos plus some indoors ones too.
Sunset Thomas Threeway Sweet pictures of this classic pornstar pleasuring two men at once.
Classic Hairy Snatch Furry twat on this woman from the seventies showing off her bush.
Stephanie Page Hardcore Lusty natural tits porn star from the early 90's sucking and fucking video.
Melissa Hill Spread Sexy babe from the eighties showing her fine tan lined body.
Hardcore Classic Sex Rocco Siffredi lays his large cock into PJ Sparxx in these pictures and video.
Chesty Pam Grier Sexy black actress with huge tits bared them on the silver screen back in the 70's.
Victoria Abril Nude Sultry Spanish girl has exposed her small breasts and fine naked ass back in the eighties.
Sexy Shanna McCullough Dark tan lines on this classic pornstar in hardcore sex videos.
Spreading Classic Pussy These older pictures shows a lovely lady opening up her bush.
Racquel Darrian Sex Eighties porn queen works over the mullet haired guys stiffie.
Seventies Porn Movies 1970's classic porn movie clips featuring a couple of hot stars from yesterday.
Big Bush Munchers These lesbians will need to floss to get all of them pubes out.
Sexy Vintage Nudes Beautiful black and white images with sexy women from yesterday.
Vintage Bushy Pussy Sweet looking young lady in erotica pictures exposing all of herself.
Tianna Taylor Fucked Chesty pornstar from years ago gets nailed in these videos.
Expose Me Now Movie Clip Small tits blonde with hairy pussy gets banged by her man after reading a dirty story.
Brittany Andrews Spacegirl This classic hottie removes her silver outfit to use her silver vibe.
Classic Hairy Pussies Various pictures of women exposing their pussies back when they didn't shave.
Early Vintage Photography Lusty ladies in old time erotic nude pictures of black and white.
Extremely Busty Retro Asian Asian with massive titties gets nailed by a hard retro boner.
Sexy Old Pictures Black and white photography of nude girls from days gone past.
Christy Canyon Threeway Hardocre classic porn video shows a nice threesome romp on the couch.
PJ Sparxx Hardcore Hot classic porn babe and Peter North go at it in this flash tube video.
Various Classic Porn Girls Lusty ladies from the seventies exposing their fine figures.
Ashlyn Gere Hard Video Chesty brunette porn legend has her twat licked and fucked by Steve Drake.
Vintage Nude Pictures Black and white pictures of days gone way past here.
Sexy Tanlines From The Seventies Deep dark tanning bushy woman getting naked in these classic photos.
Classic Lesbo Videos PJ Sparxx and sexy Tiffany Mynx together in these lesbian movie clips.
Teanna Kai Masturbates Classic Asian porn star looks sexy stripping and using a vibrator.
Classic XXX Vids Sexy sluts from years gone past sucking and fucking cocks.
Heather Wayne Nailed This star had a ripping tight petite body on her built for sex frame.
Carroll Baker Shows Hairy Pussy Back in the seventies exposes her tits and twat on the silver screen back in 1976.
Classic Sex World Hairy pussy stars gets their fine furry beavers penetrated in this classic movie clip.
Carolyn Monroe Hardcore Sexy blonde porn star gets fucked and facialed in these videos.
Kaitlyn Ashley Exposing Herself Blonde porn legend showing off her big tits and sweet pussy in these photos.
Lusty Eighties Lesbians Eighties classic porn movie clips of passionate girl on girl licking lust.
Cameo Hardcore Sex Great looking pics of this eighties porn beauty getting a hard one.
Erotic Vintage Models Sexy curves and large breasts on two beauties from an earlier time.
Britt Morgan Threesome Nice video clips show this classic hottie double teamed.
Sexy Classic Stockings These ladies from the fifties and sixties show off their luscious legs.
Nude Julie Delpy This petite French actress has been baring her tiny tits with puffy nipples since the eighties.
Isabelle Huppert Nude A small tits classic French actress with a hairy pussy shows all.
Sherilyn Fenn Naked Nude celebrity tore up the silver screen from the mid 80's to the early nineties.
Elvira Bares Breasts The mistress of the dark showed off her glorious tatas way back in 1973.
Sweet Tits Adrienne Barbeau This classic actress from the eighties exposed those lovely honkers of hers in film.
Vintage Sex Pictures Very old black and white pics of a variety of hardcore erotica.
Vintage Pictures Sexy black and white photographs captures from a time long ago.
Classic Furry Pussies Various black and white photos of lovely ladies with hairy natural twats.
Susan Hart Fucked Gorgeous porn star from a couple of decades ago getting banged in videos.
Sexy Old Pics Lovely vintage women teasing and posing for these black and whites.
Erotic City Porn Eighties classic porn movie clips of erotic sex with hairy pussy women.
Busty Vintage Nudes Big breasts all natural and hanging on these classic ladies from years ago.
Keisha Spreading Classic porn babe stripping off red dress and opening up her tanlined fur pie.
Classic Pornstar Sex Clips of some classic adult star babes sucking and fucking hard cocks.
Hardcore Classic Sex Movies Naughty vintage girls sucking cocks and getting their pussies fucked.
Masturbating Pornstar Chloe Vevrier Busty actress plays with her pink pussy in these classic tube style videos.
Vintage Lesbian Erotica Old black and white photos of women with women.
Bushy Vintage Pussy These erotic vintage nudes have untrimmed pussies in black and white photos.
Nancy Travis Naked Pics and a video from an eighties movie where she bared all.
Jill Kelly Fucked An amazing star with classic tan lines getting banged in videos.
Pornstars Lesbian Sex Superstar pornstars in dual fun and games go lesbian licking in movie clips.
Megan Leigh Hardcore This porn hottie is sucking and fucking cock in these pictures.
Busty Angela Summers Beautiful classic blonde porn babe getting naked and parting her sweet lips.
Vintage Glamour Girls Classic black and white photos with beautiful aspiring models.
Hot Ass Blonde In a classroom this lusty babe strips out of her skirt and white thong panties.
Britt Morgan Blowjob Classic cock sucking pornstar videos with a blonde star from the past.
Classic Group Porn Videos These clips with three ladies and a couple of guys getting kinky.
Bunny Bleu Dildoing This classic pornstar gets a hand from a girlfriend in videos.
Healthy And Busty Classics Old pics from your grandads cabin of sexy women captured in black and white.
Ona Zee Hardcore Legendary porn babe fucks one lucky cowboy in these pictures.
Nude From 1920 Erotic pictures in black and white from nearly 100 years ago.
Erotic Vintage Pictures Classic black and white with some even colorized a bit.
Amber Lynn Fucking Sexy blonde 80's pornstar nailing two guys outdoors in different video pages.
Famous Pornstars Eighties legends Racquel Darrian and Shanna McCullough being cock stuffed.
War Era Ladies These ladies did some sexy posing during time of war for extra money.
Stefania Casini Nude Back in the seventies this lanky celeb showed it all and did some sex scenes.
Randi Storm Threeway Double penetrated classic porn slut while in her thigh high boots.
Vintage Muff Munch Masked woman has her pussy licked in the very old black and white movie clips.
Christy Canyon Lesbo Couple of big titty pornstars from the 80's going down on their thick shrubbery.
Jessica Drake Pigtails Classic pornstar masturbating in a tent on a camping trip.
Nikki Dial Sex This is one of the hottest eighties pornstars sucking and fucking.
Emmanuelle Beart Nude Sexy French actress has bared all from the mid eighties to recent films.
Classic Skinny Dipping Underwater picture of a naked lady swimming in her pool.
Raylene Hardcore Sex On a floating raft in the pool this classic busty porn babe gets banged.
Masturbating Stag Flicks This big bush chick uses different objects to her old time pussy wet.
Classic Lesbian Munch Watch Fallon deeply lick the pretty pussy of Cameo on these fine videos.
Kristie Alley Tiny Boobs Back in the eighties this celeb was far thinner and her tits were small and perky.
Vanessa Del Rio Getting Fucked Classic sex movies of a kinky pornstar Vanessa Del Rio having sex.
Classic Threesome Movie Clip Eighties sexpot porn legend Seka in a hot three-way dick-sucking and pussy-eating scene with Shanna McCullough.
Classic Tan Lined Boobs From a time when boobs were all natural and those sexy bikini markings.
Classic Beach Fucking Tiffany Mynx fucked on a towel in the sand in these videos.
Diane Lane Sexy pics from the eighties to the early two thousands.
Hardcore Pornstars Jenna Jameson and Jill Kelly both fucked hard in a video gallery each.
Lacey Blue Tanga Thong Sexy panties from the nineties on a fine blonde model at that time.
Barbara Bouchet Nude Pics and vid from this classic German star caught on the silver screen.
Fucked By The Beard Two sexy retro beauties get banged by the horny bearded man.
Jacqueline Bisset Nude This beauty bared all on the silver screen back in the 1970's.
Girl From 1960 Love those green boots on this girl showing her furry crotch.
Kelly Odell Lesbian Passionate classic lesbian porn movie clips right here.
Classic Tera Patrick In this movie clip John Holmes delivers his big cock to a furry pussy new star.
Huge Retro Titties Classic black and whites of this very large breasted lady revealing herself.
Jane Seymour This classic beauty and hot mature woman in pics across 30 years of films.
Krista Lane Fucks Peter On the side of the road Mr North lays his big cock into Ms Lane's hairy cunt.
Keisha Fetish Sex Sexy wear and a bound up dude in a wicked fuckfest of fun.
Shayla LaVeaux Strips Outdoors getting naked so we can enjoy what was one fine ass body.
Heather Wayne Hardcore Videos Fine retro porn star in these clips sucking and fucking like a champ.
Deep Inside Annie Sprinkle Streaming clip with Annie in a theater fucking an old guy before sucking another man.
Jill Kelly Lesbian Great pussy licking videos from these classic pornstars.
Christina Lindberg Nude Busty young Swedish girl showed her furry pussy and nice breasts back in the seventies.
Jenny Agutter Nude Classic pictures and video of this actress from the seventies.
Busty Lesbian Pornstar Chloe Vevrier Busty pornstar legend Chloe Vevrier has sex with other women in these classic tube style lesbian videos.
Linda Lovelace Deepthroat If ya never saw the movie or forgot how munch she swallows check this out.
Aja In Lingerie This legendary pornstar is stripping her negligee with her huge hair style.
Classic Busom Beauties In the backyard these lovely ladies from the 70's are in pictures.
Natalie Wood This sexy classic actress was a petite fireball willing to be panties to lingerie on screen.
Michelle Johnson Boobs Back in the eighties this stand out busty girl overshadowed Demi in Blame It On Rio.
Kim Basinger Sexy eighties celebrity showing her sweet eraser head nipples in these flim captures.
Classic Lesbian Videos Alicia Rio and Tiffany Mynx together in these dandy retro porn clips.
Faye Dunaway Titty Peeks This classic actress has bared breasts and ass on the silver screen.
Aunt Peg's Fulfillment Juliet Anderson sucks a big black cock before it is deeply inserted into her hairy pussy.
Classic Porn Videos Two movie clip galleries of some classic pornstars sucking and fucking.
Classic Lesbian Movie Clip Seka in a hot lesbian scene with Kay Parker stroking and licking her wet, hairy little pussy.
Breasty Sybil Danning Nude A stunning star from years ago doing fine films back from the seventies.
Christy Canyon Group Sex Classic porn stars in a foursome of sexual frivolity in this tube video.
Mathilda May Nude Fabulous breasts on this sexy actress baring all back in the eighties.
Micky Lynn Spread Lovely classic star getting naked and spreading her pink pussy.
Classic Fur Bush Black and white erotic photos of women with hairy pussies.
Vintage Studio Nudes Black and whites from an earlier time capturing sexy young ladies naked.
Micki Lynn Fucked Wicked pornstar from the eighties in her stockings and garters banging away.
Poolside Erotica Pictures Classic black and whites of girls in swimsuits or naked by the pool.
Busty Brunette Pornstar Ashlyn Gere in some classic lingerie stripping pictures.
Jill Kelly Anal Sex Classic porn star getting her bottom filled with cock in videos.
Hardcore Classic Porn Vids Retro sex movies of two sexy couples having hardcore sex.
Loni Sanders Classic Videos This retro pornstar shows off her skill on a big hard one in clips.
Classic Big Titties These ladies were blessed with natural breasts long before silicone.
Liz Harper Anal Tight ass classic pornstar gets her back end banged in this hot tube porn video.
Tonisha Mills Hardcore Big fake tits on this classic porn whore getting fucked in pictures.
Madonna Boobs This pop icon has no problem baring her breasts back in the nineties.
Ann Margret Naked This classic celebrity has shown off her breasts and ass in the movies.
Samantha Strong Fucked An American classic pornstar showing her fine sexual skills in videos.
Vintage Sex Pictures Black and white photos from nearly a century ago.
Nailed By Two Dicks Pretty retro chick nailed by two large dicks at the same time.
Stephanie Swift Lesbian Sexy brunette petite star from the eighties in a girl girl scene.
Classic Goldie Hawn Pics and video from the seventies to the nineties of her showing that tasty bod off.
KC Williams Hardcore Video Sexy small tits classic blonde pornstar lets Randy West have a go at her.
Linda Lovelace Pornstar Blow Jobs Classic adult star Linda Lovelace goes throat deep in flash videos.
Small Tits Jane Fonda This was a super sexy actress in the sixties and seventies liberating the screen.
Erotic Bathing Classic nude pictures of a hairy girl all wet in the tub.
Laura Antonelli Nude An Italian actress that bared everything on the silver screen back in the seventies.
Classic Outdoor Shots Lusty ladies capture topless and naked from the eighties out in nature.
Gloria Guida Nude Classic film actress doing arousing sex scenes from erotica films.
Classic Porn Photos Early days of color photography capturing penetrating sex action.
Uschi Digard Classic actress blessed with huge tits in these nude sex photos and video.
Jessica Drake Secretary Lusty blonde classic porn star strips off her sexy little outfit.
Classic Outdoor Pictures Erotic phtography from the 70's by a waterfall.
Sunny McKay Strips Great looking blonde porn legend gets nekkid and spreads.
Hall Of Pornstars Two hall of famers being fucked all nasty like in movie clips.
Firm Abs Porn Legend Fucks Peter North and Nina Hartley in a wet hot scene where he gives Nina a nice big cock to fill her tight little pussy with.
Liza Harper Threeway Naughty classic porn movie clips with Liza in a double penetration scene.
Vintage Erotica Pictures Black and white photos of sexy women posing for years gone bye.
Amber Lynn Video Tasty clips with this legend of porn from the eighties.
Classic Olivia Hussey Tits This beautiful actress from back in the sixties gladly exposed her breasts.
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Role of SAP Consultant In Testing

SAP testing roles and responsibilities

 1. What is the role of SD Consultant in Testing while implementing the project?
 2. What is Unit testing and Integration Testing?

Testing : the core team members along with end users will test whether the postings done in SAP is resulting as per the requirements of the organisation.  They will test whether the output documents such as purchase order, invoice document are printed in the required format and showing the correct data.

Unit testing is refer to the module which are going to implement. SD, MM, FICO etc. there will be test script based on that testing will be performed.

Integration testing will be cross the modules. MM-SD-FICO for example.  Integration testing is also called SIT (System integration testing)

Testing methodologies and types: there are 6 types of testings:
  1. Unit Testing
  2. System Testing
  3. System Integration security Testing
  4. Performance Testing
  5. User Acceptance testing
  6. Regression Testing

Unit testing is done in bit and pieces. Like e.g. in SAP SD standard order cycle; we do have 1-create order, then 2-delivery, then 3-transfer order, then 4-PGI and then 5-Invoice.  So we will be testing 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 separately alone one by one using test cases and test data. We will not be looking and checking/testing any integration between order and delivery; delivery and TO; TO and PGI and then invoice.

Whereas System testing you will be testing the full cycle with it's integration, and you will be testing using test cases which give a full cyclic test from order to invoice.

Security testing you will be testing different roles and functionalities and will check and sign-off.

Performance testing is referred to as how much time / second will take to perform some actions, like e.g. PGI.  If BPP definition says 5 seconds for PGI then it should be 5 and not 6 second.  Usually it is done using software.

Regression testing is referred to a test which verifies that some new configuration does not adversely impact existing functionality.  This will be done on each phase of testing.

User Acceptance Testing:  Refers to Customer testing. The UAT will be performed through the execution of predefined business scenarios, which combine various business processes. The user test model is comprised of a sub-set of system integration test cases.

We use different software during testing. Most commonly use are

Test Director:  which is used to record requirement, preparing test plan and then recording the progress.  We will be incorporating defects that are coming during these testings using different test cases.

Mercury Load Runner:  is used for performance testing.  This is an automatic tool.

SAP Functional unit testing

What does the following terms means :
- Technical Unit Testing
- Functional Unit Testing
- Integration Testing
- Volume Testing
- Parallel Testing?

Technical Unit Testing = Test of some technical development such as a user exit, custom program, or interface. the test usually consists of a test data set that is processed according to the new program.  A successful test only proves the developed code works and that it performed the process as as designed.

Functional Unit Testing = Test of configuration, system settings or a custom development (it may follow the technical unit testing) These usually use actual data or data that is masked but essentially the same as a real data set. A successful test shows that the development or configuration works as designed and the data is accurate as a result.

Integration Testing = Testing a process, development or configuration within the context of any other functions that the process, development or functionality will touch or integrate . The test should examine all data involved across all modules and any data indirectly affected. A successful test indicates that the processes work as designed and integrate with other functions without causing any problems in any integrated areas.

Volume Testing = testing a full data set that is either actual or masked to insure that the entire volume does cause system problems such as network transmission problems, system resources issues, or any systemic problem, A successful test indicates that the processes will not slow or crash the system due to a full data set being utilized.

Parallel Testing = Testing the new system or processes with a complete data set while running the same processes in the legacy system. A successful test will show identical results when both the legacy system and new system results are compared.

I would also note that when a new implementation is being done you will want to conduct at least one cut over test from the old system to the new and you should probably do several.

What kind of testings that are carried out in testing server?

1. Individual Testing ( Individually which we've created)
2. Regressive Testing ( Entire Process)
3. Integration Testing ( Along with other integrated modules)

The 3 types of testing is as follows:-

1. Unit testing (where an individual process relevant to a SD or SAP MM etc. is tested)

2. Integration testing (where a process is tested that cuts across all areas of SAP).

3. Stress testing (where lots of transactions are run to see if the system can handle the data)

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Thursday, October 09, 2008

Krugman has a good take on the state of affairs, I think. It isn't 100% clear why Paulson and pals have insisted on misdiagnosing the problem, though I do have a theory. The "it's a liquidity problem" take is a way of saying that the system is awesome, but there's been a very brief and irrational crisis of confidence which has caused things to freeze. In this version, all of Paulson's pals aren't to blame, they're just victims of a silly moment.

What's going on here has led to liquidity problems, but not simply because people are a bit nervous. There are liquidity issues because the money is ALL GONE NOW.


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The research catalogue is an archive of ESRC-funded grants and outputs. Links, files and other content will no longer be maintained or updated after April 2014.

Towards Evidence-Based Practice in Science Education

Grant reference: L139251003

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Conference paper/presentation details

TLRP: Evidence-based Practice in Science Education: The researcher-user interface
One of the four projects in the EPSE (Evidence-based practice in Science Education) network aimed to obtain a better understanding of the extent to which practitioners in science education recognise and make use of research findings in the course of their normal practice; and to explore the factors which promote and inhibit the impact of research in science education on practice. This paper presents some of the findings from the interview and focus-group study of views of the research-practice interface. The sample included primary and secondary science teachers (including a subset with direct experience of research), curriculum policy makers, inset providers and authors of science textbooks and teaching materials. Questions explored perceptions of the nature, actual use and potential of research in science education. At a general level, teachers and other practitioners characterised educational research, variously, as: purposeful; carried out in a systematic manner; useful in informing action and large scale. Research evidence that was viewed as convincing was seen as transferable, had resonance with teachers’ experience and beliefs and showed a rigorous methodology. Widespread use of research evidence in the classroom seems to depend on at least two factors: translation of research findings into tangible and useful outcomes, such as teaching materials resulting from research projects; the presence of a professional culture which encourages both exploration of research and changes to practice. By exploring findings from this study in conjunction with outcomes from the other three EPSE projects, we hope to identify some possible models for effective use of research evidence.
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Football Baby Pillow by Estella

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Ethan Zuckerman’s online home, since 2003

Jeff Howe on Crowdsourcing

In 2005, journalist Jeff Howe was writing a story about MySpace. He wasn’t interested in the site so much as a social network, but as a tool that creative artists, especially musicians, were using to circumvent gatekeepers like music labels. In the process, he got very interested in the kids who were following the Vans Warped tour. These folks practiced “promiscuous creativity”, authoring lots of content and sharing it with each other. It was not always high quality content, but Howe thought their relationship with the process was fascinating. Their use of web designs, video and flash animation was “completely transparent, like we’d use a typewriter.”

In exploring the phenomenon, Howe decided he hated the phrase “user-generated content”. He wondered what he’d find if started looking for “user-generated” anything. His search led him to John Fluevog, a popular shoe designer, who’d introduced a model of “open-source footwear”. Fluevog invited his fans – not just would-be shoe designers – to send him sketches, as rough as they liked, of shoe designs. If he liked them, he’d produce them and name the shoes after you, though not share any revenue.

Howe became convinced that the “user-generated content” we were seeing on blogs and social networks were like looking at Old Faithful – “it’s an amazing phenomenon if you’ve never seen a geyser before,” but it doesn’t show you the really amazing phenomenon, the underground magma that makes the spouting water possible.

Writing about this larger phenomenon – the magma as well as the geyser – Howe coined the term “crowdsourcing”. He showed us screenshots of Google, one showing three matches for the term “crowdsourcing” – “all references from Wired people or folks sleeping with Wired people” – and one a few weeks later showing 669,000 mentions of the term. “It was not the best article I’ve written. There’s lots of research in it, but it’s far from a masterpiece. But I was in the right place at the right time.” As these ideas sometimes do, the article became a blog and the blog became a book.

Howe runs us through some of the key book examples:

A t-shirt contest on (now deceased) web forum Dreamless brought a pair of designers together. The Two Jakes, as they’re now known, decided that they would run a perpetual t-shirt design competition. Their fateful decision: instead of picking the winners themselves, they introduced a voting mechanism, letting fans – potential buyers – vote on the designs they liked. This opened the voting from a small set of experts to a community of people who liked cool t-shirts and were willing to buy them.

The resulting company, Threadless, had $30 million in revenue in 2007, at a 33-34% profit margin. Winning designers are happy to participate, as the contest gives them a $2000 prize, as well as fame. Voters happily rate dozens of t-shirts, and will vote the best shirts by checking a box that says, “I’d buy that”… which registers them for a reminder when the shirt is made and allows the company to estimate how many shirts to print. Users are invited to photograph themselves wearing shirts – and recieve $1.50 in store credit for submitting the photo – which turns customers into evangelists.

In other words, Howe tells us, cheap labor in the 19th century looked like children in mills. Nowadays, cheap labor looks like slackers in their living rooms with laptops.

A web designer living in Calgary, Bruce Livingstone, found himself doing a lot of pro bono design work for friends in the punk music scene. His pet peeve was discovering how much money he needed to pay to license stock photographs for album covers and posters. He built a simple system around his own photographs, uploading his own content and offering it for download using a credit system adopted from the “warez” scene – you get a credit for uploading a photo and it allows you to download three.

The breakthrough for Livingstone was making the decision to charge money – $0.25 – to download a photo. This turned the nascent iStockPhoto site from a small community into a “microstock” agency. These agencies are now eating the lunch of stock photo giants Getty and Corbis. Jonathan Klein, the CEO of Getty, decided to purchase iStockPhoto for $50 million, an investment which looks very smart now that the company brought in roughly $130 million in revenue last year, with a 50% profit margin. Howe tells us that Getty’s core business is flat or declining, but that iStockPhoto projects almost $300 million in revenue in 2012.

There are several other stories Howe works through quickly:

Ed Melcarek, a freelance engineer who was making his money installing HVAC systems in Barre, Ontario. He started participating in, a bulletin board where corporations post R&D problems and invite the general public to offer solutions. He’s solved eight major problems, “likely earning six figures” in the process.

– Television network now shows roughly one third user-created content.

– A group in Washington, DC is starting a crowdsourced restaurant, Elements. It hasn’t opened yet, but the community sourcing the idea has already settled on the lucrative raw food market.

Howe’s model for the rise of crowdsourcing puts the success of the model on the back of four factors:

– The amateur renaissance
– The open source software model, which has emerged as inspiration for these projects
– The democratization of production, which translates primarily as “cheap tools”
– The rise of online communities.

Howe tells us that these projects succeed primarily because of the communities behind him. He ends with a slide that reads, “Ask not what your community can do for you – ask what you can do for your community.”

While Howe’s model of crowdsourcing emphasizes community, he’s troubled by a new research paper by Daren C. Brabham at the University of Utah. Bradum found that while the iStockPhoto community is extremely passionate – over 90% of participants visit the site daily – there was less interest in the community aspects of the site than Howe had guessed, and much more interest in making money. This challenges Howe’s theory that the community is the thing, and that revenue is gravy – the Bradum study seems to find that revenue matters a great deal as a motivator.

(Eszter Hargittai offers her observation that the study may well be methodologically flawed.)

The study is concerning to Howe because his core question is “Why do people participate in community production?” It’s important to answer this question because it has implications for lots of other fields – Howe wonders if stock photography is “the canary in the coal mine”, and whether other creative fields will fall to crowdsourcing. He sees a similar dynamic taking place in graphic design, and wonders if we’re going to see other fields go crowdsourced… like journalism…

I love the examples that Howe offers, but wonder if he’s stacking his deck. His examples are of people doing extremely creative work and getting feedback by other people in the creative community. I wondered whether the sort of crowdsourcing made possible by Mechanical Turk was the same phenomenon as the one Howe was describing.

Howe draws a sharp distinction between the two, observing that Mechanical Turk is highly rote and very ill-paid. He uses the system to transcribe interviews, but argues that there really isn’t a community around transcription the way there is around translation. That said, he suspects that the interest in Mechanical Turk can’t be purely about the money, as Amazon reports that roughly 50% of Turkers are in the US. “I’m not really sure how to explain it.”

3 Responses to “Jeff Howe on Crowdsourcing”

  1. Best overview of “crowd-sourcing” (a term I loathe) that I’ve read to date. Thanks so much for including the reality checks, instead of just being breathless with enthusiasm for the new jargon (as other bloggers are).

  2. Jeff Howe says:

    Thanks for the write up, Ethan. A few minor quibbles:
    1) It’s probably worth noting that Bruce decided to start charging a quarter to license iStock images only in order to pay his hosting costs. While very much an ambitious entrepreneur, Livingstone tells me iStock was very much a side project not intended to turn a profit.
    2) Non sequitur: Is the raw food market really lucrative? Not fact checking you. Just amazed.
    3) I’m not sure I’d say I stacked the deck, as the phrase conveys the willful exclusion of examples that contradict my arguments, and such was never my intention. In fact, at the time I was building the framework for the book, MT (and other forms of distributed labor that took place outside of community contexts) struck me as bush-league crowdsourcing. After a brief burst of interest after launching, MT had had a hard time finding companies to post HITs (Human Intelligence Tasks—the modular units of the MT system), and Turkers to perform them. When it became clear that MT was slowly, quietly gaining traction I decided to include it, but precisely because it didn’t fit into the taxonomy of crowdsourcing I’d created (1-Creative/generative crowdsourcing; 2-Knowledge networks; 3-Collaborative filters; 4-Crowdfunding) I couldn’t figure out where to put it. In the end I gave up and submitted my imperfect manuscript.

    What’s lovely about living in the age of the blog is that one is constantly able to update the book, and I really have to thank you for your comment after my talk (Afterward Ethan suggested that by ignoring MT and its ilk I was focusing on the tail and ignorning the dog, so to speak). I’m not sure that I agree with your quantitative assumption—that such crowdsourcing applications will outnumber community production examples by 1000 (or even 100) to one. But I agree that distributed labor models are here to stay and will surely experience considerable growth, especially in a downturn. And that wasn’t something I was giving a lot of thought to previous to today. A great provocation for thought/research/article, etc. Thanks!

  3. Fantastic job Ethan. I also liked his discussion of the example of the Extraordinaries to crowd source work for nonprofits via mobile and the spec. design debate about low cost design crowd sourcing.

  1. Jeff Howe on Crowdsourcing | EcoSilly - [...] This piece originally appeared on Ethan Zuckerman’s personal blog, My Heart’s In Accra [...]
  2. Costruire insieme una comunità — Internazionale - [...] ETHAN ZUCKERMAN lavora al Berkman center for internet and society. Nel 2004 ha fondato il sito Global Voices insieme …
  3. [USA] Il crowdsourcing secondo Ethan Zuckerman « Strelnik - [...] mentre i profitti sono solo la ciliegina sulla torta. Homo economicus vs zoon politikon once again?[post originale (in inglese) …

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Governors Urged to Reject For-Profit's Prison Plan

Greg Horton

Governors Urged to Reject For-Profit's Prison Plan | Greg Horton, Prison, CCA

"Prisons are a public trust, not a means for a small group to make a lot of money," said Bill Mefford, director of civil and human rights for the General Board of Church and Society of the United Methodist Church.
Nonprofit and faith-based organizations have asked governors to avoid working with one of the largest prison corporations due to clauses the for-profit company is demanding.

A coalition of some two dozen nonprofit organizations sent a letter to state governors on March 1 recommending the states refuse to work with Corrections Corporation of America (CCA).

The governors also received a letter signed by more than 30 faith-based organizations.

CCA is a for-profit corporation with 44 prisons and detention centers in the United States. They currently house approximately 75,000 inmates, including immigration detainees and state and federal inmates.

Harley Lappin, former director of the federal Bureau of Prisons and now the chief corrections officer for CCA, also sent a letter to state governors.

Lappin indicated that CCA has set aside $250 million to purchase prisons in various states – provided the governors would agree to some stipulations.

The two most troubling stipulations, according to the organizations asking governors not to sign contracts, were provisions for a mandatory 20-year contract and a guarantee that the facilities would be kept at 90 percent capacity at all times.

Among the organizations signing the faith-based letter was the General Board of Church and Society (GBCS) of the United Methodist Church (UMC).

Bill Mefford, director of civil and human rights for the GBCS, said the UMC became involved because private prisons represent a serious challenge to social justice.

"This was a theological position of the board," Mefford said. "Because this is about social justice, it's also theological. Prisons are a public trust, not a means for a small group to make a lot of money."

Mefford said their position was based on the idea that biblical justice is about healing and restoration.

"Agreeing to a 20-year contract and a 90 percent capacity demand only means that alternative sentencing would no longer be possible," he said. "Alternative sentences are for nonviolent offenders, and they are given so that the offenders can serve their sentence in ways that are good for the offenders' families and communities."

The letters to governors also contained a practical appeal based on economics.

"While a prison sale might provide a short-term infusion of revenue," read the letter from nonprofits, "taxpayers in your state would be left paying for this short-term windfall until at least 2032. In short, this proposal to sell a valuable state asset is a backdoor invitation for your state to take on additional debt while increasing CCA's profits."

The two main corporations that run private prisons and detention centers in the United States are CCA and the GEO Group. Both have said they are simply providing a needed service due to prison overcrowding.

Additionally, they claim they are able to save money for governments and taxpayers by implementing business models.

The Justice Policy Institute released a report in June 2011, "Gaming the System," in which the institute attempted to verify CCA's and the GEO Group's claims that they were able to reduce costs and recidivism.

"With conflicting research on both the cost savings and recidivism reduction of private prisons, additional research is needed to determine the accuracy of such claims," the report said.

More troubling was a statement in one of CCA's annual reports about sentencing reform and profitability.

"The demand for our facilities and services could be adversely affected by the relaxation of enforcement efforts, leniency in conviction or parole standards and sentencing practices or through the decriminalization of certain activities that are currently proscribed by our criminal laws," read CCA's 2010 annual report. "For instance, any changes with respect to drugs and controlled substances or illegal immigration could affect the number of persons arrested, convicted and sentenced, thereby potentially reducing demand for correctional facilities to house them."

The relationship of business to government matters, an Arkansas judge pointed out.

"People who believe that governments ought to be run like businesses know nothing about business or government," said Wendell Griffen, an appeals court judge for the state of Arkansas.

Griffen said that some public services, by their nature, ought not be privatized.

"Security, including policing and incarceration, are basic, essential government functions. These are not services to be outsourced because the fundamental ethics of government and business are different," said Griffen, who is also an ordained Baptist minister and a member of the board of the Baptist Center for Ethics. "For government, it is to provide a service; for business, the goal is to increase profits."

Griffen said that locking states into contracts that required mandatory capacity rates only created a conflict of interest for government officials who would feel pressured to impose more draconian sentencing methods.

Griffen also worried about the oversight of such programs.

"Can you imagine if Blackwater had been in charge of Abu Ghraib or if they ran Gitmo?" asked Griffen, referring to the controversial private military contractor used by various U.S. federal agencies overseas.

"We can't get the Department of Defense to admit to abuses as it is. Imagine how much more difficult it would be to get a private organization to admit to abuses. The government will not do oversight well on this."

Private prisons also create a zone of irresponsibility where prisoner rights are concerned, especially the right to sue due to abuse or negligence.

"The government is going to want to be immune on this," Griffen said, "but the corporations are going to want to be indemnified against liability. We'll be left with a situation where no one is responsible if something goes wrong."

Greg Horton is a freelance writer and adjunct professor of philosophy and humanities. He lives in Oklahoma City.


text:
Interview with Ivan Marusic (Gamersbook)

Gamersbook_Ivan-MarusicWe just had the chance to talk to Ivan Marusic, the Founder and CEO of, and ask him a few questions about his Split (Croatia) based startup. So, what is Gamersbook? Just think of everything related to games and the gaming industry grasped within a single website and you will be on the right track to find out what Gamersbook is and offers to you! The Website was launched in 2010. Right now, the passionate team of notes a rapid growth of the community and is looking for a serious investor. Enjoy the interview: When have you or your partners had the idea for Gamersbook and what made you sure it was the right one?

Ivan Marusic: Since I was a gamer myself, I came to idea that it would be awesome to create a website where people could socialize, read news and get connected to game developers directly. I came to this idea back in 2007 but started to work on it in in 2009.

Main goal for us was to allow gamers to socialize on once place while they still can assist game developers with direct feedback. A side of that, Gamersbook is also an awesome platform where game developers can promote their products to a target market consisted of 100% gamers.

At the mid of 2010 we joined forces with another team that shared our passion and the project was released in November 2010. How did you finance the startup-phase of Gamersbook and what were the main stumbling blocks of the first months?

Ivan Marusic: Developing Gamersbook was an awesome experience that was completely
self-financed by our team. We invested a lot of time and passion to be able to finally release Gamersbook. During the development phase, we weren’t looking for investors as we were able to release the project on our own.

Currently, we are looking for a serious investor because of our rapid growth. What makes Gamersbook unique or better as other gaming communities out there?

Ivan Marusic: In my opinion, this is one of the easiest questions to be answered. Why you may ask ?

Well, Gamersbook as a project is a first-ever released startup that is consisted of Social Network, Online TV and Newsportal.

According to feedback of our users and partners, Gamersbook is a site that perfectly merged those three aspects of internet business while still being user-friendly. Do you have a specific goal in relation to Gamersbook’s member growths till the end of this year?

Ivan Marusic: Our initial goal was to attract 10 thousand members till the end of
2011. Currently we have more then 21,000 members and our current plans are to close this fiscal year with 50,000 members or more ;) . What kind of marketing strategies do you use to promote Gamersbook?

Ivan Marusic: At the moment, we promote Gamersbook through popular social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Youtube).

Together with those tools, we have a strong newswriting team that works on a daily basis releasing a lot of news and other media related to the gaming world in general.

Also, we encourage our members to invite their friends to the network by rewarding them with various various events and prizes. Where do you like to see your Gamersbook in about 2 or 3 years?

Ivan Marusic: In 2 or 3 years time, our goal is to become one of the main, if not the main place where gamers will connect, discuss various topics and enjoy all of the promotions that will be offered to them by us and our partners.

While it is hard to predict how our current plans are going to roll out, since our team is consisted of professionals that are totally passionate with Gamersbook and all of the work related to it, I really think we will achieve our goals. What new features are forthcoming from Gamersbook in 2011/12?

Ivan Marusic: Become our members, follow us in 2011/2012 and you will enjoy all of the features that are currently in development :) . Hint, they will be awesome and huge ;) . How many people are working for Gamersbook at the moment and are you hiring right now?

Ivan Marusic: Currently, our team is consisted of 20 people and yes, we are always
open to discuss job opportunities with passionate individuals. How is your experience with Split (Croatia) as a location to start a

Catastrophic! Why? Although Split is an awesome city to live in, from IT business aspect, it is impossible to find investors and sponsors.

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text:
Public Release:  What do cyborgs, shale gas and TSCA reform have in common?

American Chemical Society

What were the most notable advances in the chemical world in 2012? Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly newsmagazine of the American Chemical Society -- the world's largest scientific society -- considers this question in a package of cover stories on the year past in chemistry. It also provides a reality check on discoveries that seemed promising a decade ago.

In "Research Year in Review," which focuses on 11 key developments, C&EN cites several advances in integrating man and machine in efforts to combine electronics with living tissue, developments that the story says were foretold in fictional cyborgs and characters, such as Data -- the humanlike android on Star Trek: The Next Generation. Among the magazine's other picks for key 2012 advances: an easier way to make the mainstay antimalarial compound artemisinin, new laser tools for chemical analysis, designing proteins from scratch and innovative membrane technology that unmixes oil and water.

A second story in the package examines the year past for the chemical industry, including many setbacks for companies, especially in in Europe, and big positive developments for the U.S. brought by shale gas. Another story considers government and policy topics, including congressional activity in tackling key science issues, such as climate change, energy policy and attempts to reform the Toxic Substances Control Act. The cover package concludes with a retrospective on what research discoveries from 2002 are making a big impact today, and which have lost some luster.

The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U.S. Congress. With more than 164,000 members, ACS is the world's largest scientific society and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases, peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. Its main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.

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Public Release:  Quantum engines must break down

Our present understanding of thermodynamics is fundamentally incorrect if applied to small systems and need to be modified, according to new research from University College London and the University of Gdansk

University College London

Our present understanding of thermodynamics is fundamentally incorrect if applied to small systems and needs to be modified, according to new research from University College London (UCL) and the University of Gdańsk. The work establishes new laws in the rapidly emerging field of quantum thermodynamics.

The findings, published today in Nature Communications, have wide applications in small systems, from nanoscale engines and quantum technologies, to biological motors and systems found in the body.

The laws of thermodynamics govern much of the world around us - they tell us that a hot cup of tea in a cold room will cool down rather than heat up; they tell us that unless we are vigilant, our houses will become untidy rather than spontaneously tidy; they tell us how efficient the best heat engines can be.

The current laws of thermodynamics only apply to large objects, when many particles are involved. The laws of thermodynamics for smaller systems are not well understood but will have implications for the construction of molecular motors and quantum computers, and might even determine how efficient energy extracting processes such as photosynthesis can be.

In this study researchers used results from quantum information theory to adapt the laws of thermodynamics for small systems, such as microscopic motors, nanoscale devices and quantum technologies.

Small systems behave very differently to large systems composed of many particles. And when systems are very small, then quantum effects come into play. The researchers found a set of laws which determine what happens to such microscopic systems when we heat them up or cool them down. An important consequence of their laws is that there is more fundamental irreversibility in small systems, and this means that microscopic heat engines can not be as efficient as their larger counterparts.

"We see that nature imposes fundamental limitations to extracting energy from microscopic systems and heat engines. A quantum heat engine is not as efficient as a macroscopic one, and will sometimes fail," said Professor Oppenheim, a Royal Society University Research Fellow at UCL's Department of Physics and Astronomy and one of the authors of the research. "The limitations are due to both finite size effects, and to quantum effects."

The researchers investigated the efficiency of microscopic heat engines and found that one of the basic quantities in thermodynamics, the free energy, does not determine what can happen in small systems, and especially in quantum mechanical systems. Instead, several new free energies govern the behaviour of these microscopic systems.

In large systems, if you put pure energy into a system, then you can recover all this energy back to use to power an engine which can perform work (such as lifting a heavy weight). But the researchers found that this was not the case for microscopic systems. If you put work into a quantum system you generally cannot get it all back.

Professor Michal Horodecki of the University of Gdansk, and co-author of the paper, said: "Thermodynamics at the microscopic scale is fundamentally irreversible. This is dramatically different to larger systems where all thermodynamic processes can be made reversible if we change systems slowly enough."

Notes for Editors

1. For more information or to speak to the authors, please contact Rosie Waldron in the UCL Media Relations Office on tel: +44 (0)20 7679 9041, out of hours +44 (0)7917 271 364, e-mail: Please note Rosie will be out of the office on Wednesday 26 June, in her absence please contact Clare Ryan tel: +44 (0)20 3108 3846 email:

2. 'Fundamental limitations for quantum and nanoscale thermodynamics' is published in the journal Nature Communications on Wednesday 26 June. For copies of the paper please contact UCL Media Relations.

About UCL (University College London)

Founded in 1826, UCL was the first English university established after Oxford and Cambridge, the first to admit students regardless of race, class, religion or gender and the first to provide systematic teaching of law, architecture and medicine.

We are among the world's top universities, as reflected by our performance in a range of international rankings and tables. According to the Thomson Scientific Citation Index, UCL is the second most highly cited European university and the 15th most highly cited in the world.

UCL has nearly 25,000 students from 150 countries and more than 9,000 employees, of whom one third are from outside the UK. The university is based in Bloomsbury in the heart of London, but also has two international campuses - UCL Australia and UCL Qatar. Our annual income is more than £800 million. | Follow us on Twitter @uclnews | Watch our YouTube channel

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Public Release:  IOS Press launches Open Access Journal of Facade Design and Engineering

IOS Press

IMAGE: This is the Journal of Facade Design and Engineering. view more

Credit: Journal of Facade Design and Engineering

Amsterdam, January 16, 2014 - IOS Press is pleased to launch of the Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, an open access journal, edited by Prof.Dr.Ing. Ulrich Knaack and Dr. Ing. Tillmann Klein, from Delft Technical University, the Netherlands.

Ulrich Knaack, Editor-in-Chief, said: "We are delighted to announce the launch of the Journal of Facade Design and Engineering. It is the result of an ongoing discussion with colleagues from our discipline about the need for a scientific platform that focusses on the building envelope".

The journal is primarily a scientific journal, but explicitly invites papers which focus on the dissemination of science into practice and industrial innovations. In this way, readers can explore the interaction between scientific developments, technical considerations and management issues. The goal is to improve building technologies, as well as process management and architectural design. The Journal of Facade Design and Engineering is a peer reviewed, open access journal, funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research NWO.

Knaack: "Since we founded the Facade Research Group at the TU Deft in 2005, we observed a growing demand for facade design and engineering in the building field. One obvious reason is the importance of the facade related to the energy consumption of buildings, as well as the user comfort. This development is also reflected in the scientific field; with many questions yet to be answered. They concern technologies, methods and tools to reach the above mentioned energy savings of buildings. We need to investigate constructional, functional and formal developments of the building envelope and we need more fundamental and in-depth knowledge about facade building materials and structural aspects".

About the journal
ISSN 2213-302X
Volume 1, 2 issues.
Ulrich Knaack, Delft Technical University, The Netherlands
Tillmann Klein, Delft Technical University, The Netherlands

Contact editorial office

About IOS Press

Commencing its publishing activities in 1987, IOS Press serves the information needs of scientific and medical communities worldwide. IOS Press now (co-)publishes over 100 international journals and about 130 book titles each year on subjects ranging from computer sciences and mathematics to medicine and the natural sciences.

IOS Press continues its rapid growth, embracing new technologies for the timely dissemination of information. All journals are available electronically and an e-book platform was launched in 2005.

Headquartered in Amsterdam with satellite offices in the USA, Germany, India and China, IOS Press has established several strategic co-publishing initiatives. Notable acquisitions included Delft University Press in 2005 and Millpress Science Publishers in 2008.

About TU Delft

TU Delft cooperates with many other educational and research institutions, both in the Netherlands and abroad. The high quality of research and teaching is renowned. TU Delft has numerous contacts with governments, trade associations, consultancies, industry and small and medium-sized companies.

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Watchmen: The End Is Nigh

Graphic violence.

It misses the point, of course. That much was evident from the moment it was announced that the movie adaptation of Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' masterful rumination on superheroes would be supported by a beat-'em-up from Deadline Games, the makers of tongue-in-cheek romps Total Overdose and Chili Con Carnage.

The disconnect between source material and videogame may not be quite as extreme as that conjured up by the execrable Fight Club or the ill-fated Taxi Driver game, but there's still plenty of reason to wonder just who thought this was a good idea. Clearly aimed at movie fans who think that the psychologically broken sociopath Rorschach is totally fuggin' awesome, dude, the game delves into Watchmen's rich depths but emerges clutching only a mindless brawling template, peppered with ludicrous gore and swearing.

The dialogue deserves particular scorn, as Rorschach and erstwhile partner Nite Owl trade mealy-mouthed arguments about society and vigilantism. "What causes beings such as these to deviate so far from society's status quo? Broken home probably," growls Rorschach. "What is missing from these boys' lives that gang affiliation becomes their most prized possession?" mewls Nite Owl, like an appalled social worker. It's horrible, horrible writing, especially considering it comes from Len Wein, a long-established comic writer with far better work to his name.

These fumbles are especially disappointing, given that there are glimmers that suggest a more faithful Watchmen game could have been possible. The defiantly non-superheroey yellow and purple palette of the comic page is captured well, the enemies are often drawn directly from the comic - including the hapless topknot gang members - and there's even a throwaway reference to Charlton Comics, whose characters Alan Moore reworked as the basis for his cast of flawed vigilantes.

For all the stabs at authenticity, however, at its heart this is a short and stupid game struggling under the weight of its inflated price-tag. You choose from either Rorschach or Nite Owl, and pummel your way through six stages of relentless combat. It's a 3D version of the Double Dragon template, but not only did those retro beat-'em-ups have more style and grace than this lumbering effort, the movie marketing department already used the same frame of reference for an online game that actually fits into the Watchmen's alternate history far more neatly.

Rorschach recommends Woolite for removing tough stains, even at low temperatures.

You can play solo, or offline co-op with a friend, but whichever you choose the game remains broadly the same. Rorschach can pick locks to find power-ups in one of the most annoying mini-games ever, and can also use weapons taken from defeated enemies, while Nite Owl relies on his electrically-charged suit and night vision. There are sporadic moments where the two separate and take slightly different routes, but this generally involves traipsing through a couple of empty areas before reuniting, so it's not clear what the point is, other than to give the illusion that you're playing a game optimised for co-op play.

It's certainly not enough to compensate for the game's crippling lack of ambition. While each level brings different foes to the table, from rioting prisoners to bikers, cops and mercenaries, they all fight in the exact same way, and use the same attack animations and voice samples.

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Halo 3 - Red Vs. Blue present new levels

Those clever chaps at Rooster Teeth have crafted another choice episode of Red Vs. Blue to introduce Bungie's new Halo 3 content. Hurrah!

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Imagine that you’re a police officer in the midst of a riot. While you may be able to apprehend the offenders closest to you, you can see plenty of other looters and vandals who are out of arm’s reach. Well, that’s where SelectaDNA’s High Velocity DNA Tagging System comes in handy. At the heart of the system is a gun that shoots non-lethal pellets, which contain uniquely-coded synthetic DNA.

These pellets leave traces of DNA on the target, traces that can be detected by the authorities even weeks after the incident, thus helping police identify offenders.

Developed by British scientists, it has a range of between 30 and 40 metres, and is marketed as a pistol or rifle, but its makers insist it is not deadly or harmful to the health of the target.

Andrew Knight, director of the makers, explained that “when it comes into contact with the target, the uniquely-coded SelectaDNA solution leaves a trace of synthetic DNA, which would allow authorities to confirm or rule out the involvement in a particular incident leading to the arrest and prosecution of a person.”

In a different vein, but still within the framework of the law enforcement agencies, police in New York are looking to introduce new technology that can detect concealed weapons. Quoted in the New York Daily News, NYPD’s Raymond Kelly said the department will soon develop scanners that emit non-harmful terahertz radiation, or T-rays. If something prevents the ‘flow’ of radiation (such as a weapon), the scanners will detect it from distance.

The idea is to install such scanners in police cars or locations identified as dangerous and watch passers-by, so that officers are alerted when someone is carrying something they deem ‘suspicious’.

The scanner was developed in collaboration with London’s Metropolitan Police, and is still in the testing phase. However, there have already been reactions from organisations speaking up for the rights of the citizen concerned about whether it is legal to scan members of the public without their knowledge.

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Portugal: Life (sciences) beyond the recession

Biotechnology is a fascinating but tough industry anywhere in the world. Business models that rely on scientific data, lengthy and capital-intensive development cycles, and the need for strict regulation all make up a challenging sector, especially for entrepreneurs. As the global crisis renders these challenges all the more acute across Europe, it becomes relevant – perhaps even urgent – to look at what is happening in the countries where the sector is younger and more fragile; countries that are precisely the ones whose economy seems now farther from recovery.

Portugal’s biotechnology industry, like that of other southern European countries, has suffered from a set of well-described malignancies. There is an absence of private “smart money” specialising in the sector, technology transfer from universities is somewhat clumsy and incipient, some crucial skills are lacking – namely on the interface between science and business – and a long-term vision for the sector has been difficult to implement with clear support from governments. As a consequence, no true success stories have yet occurred, foreign investment in Portuguese biotechnology is negligible, and several frustrated entrepreneurs are setting their sights elsewhere. Biotech is regarded by some as a promise that did not deliver.
Many of Portugal’s modern biotech companies appeared during a short period of strong investment in the sector by state-controlled venture capital firms. Those funds have invested over a30m in over fifteen biotech start-ups – mostly between 2005-2008 – but the boom was not sustained for much longer as those funds have not been willing or able to participate significantly in larger, follow-on investments (e.g. series B). That and the resulting tense relationship with state bureaucracy has made it even harder than usual for companies to attract the larger foreign VC funds to invest in Portuguese biotech. At a time when it is challenging to attract any foreign investment to the country, the future of biotech companies may seem particularly bleak.
Budding seeds
However, some signs do tell us that Portugal has planted important seeds and could produce a thriving biotech industry if time, politics and the macro-economy would only allow it. First and foremost, the country has made an impressive investment in its life-science basis that is now bearing fruit. A young and ambitious generation, trained internationally, is now gaining control of Portuguese science. Five out of the 28 most recent recipients of Howard Hughes Medical Institute grants (i.e. ~18%) are Portuguese scientists (see EuroBiotechNews 1-2/2012). More than 25% of national research funding goes to the life sciences and related fields, and most of the larger and most productive R&D institutes in the country are dedicated solely or mostly to the life sciences.
The healthcare sector, which can drive these institutes to innovate more and better, is gaining an extraordinary importance in the country’s economy, with close to a900m in exports in 2011 (way ahead of Port wine and very likely overcoming cork for the first time). On the philanthropic side, a a500m private foundation was set up in 2004 with the aim of supporting scientists “working at the cutting edge of biomedical science”. Its state-of-the-art Institute for the Unknown is now functioning in Lisbon. And the country has some important niches of expertise: one relatively small institute in Porto, the IPATIMUP, boasts the world’s best publication record on both gastric and thyroid cancer research, according to SciVal Spotlight.
And the state funds’ investment in the start-up companies, even if lacking continuity, did produce important spill-over effects. Many of the firms funded – all are still alive, even if struggling – have already made their impact. Some were able to attract foreign, sophisticated investors and interest from big pharma, albeit on a limited scale. Others solidified long-term relationships with national and foreign academic labs, indirectly creating R&D jobs. All these companies employed young Portuguese PhDs, many of whom caught the entrepreneurship “bug” and thus may form a future, more prepared generation of biotech executives. And the actual entrepreneurs, having gone through the motions, gained the invaluable hands-on experience that is the life blood of innovation in any successful technology hub.
European money for local projects
All this traction and investment will be lost unless the surviving companies find a way to take the next leap forward and new and old entrepreneurs are motivated to stay in the country. With the credit crunch and ailing economies, southern European governments have the perfect excuse to write off the sector, possibly postponing an entire industry for a decade or two. In the case of Portugal, public statements seem to suggest an intention to support biotech, but also an apparent lack of resources to do so convincingly. Portugal needs more.
The solution should lie, at least partially, in European-level instruments and initiatives. It is crucial that Europe 2020 programmes aimed at enabling access to capital take into account the local contexts of countries like Portugal, interacting with national stakeholders and private (including local) investors to channel funds to the best projects. The European Investment Fund can play a crucial role by paying special attention to biotech-related initiatives in the most weakened economies such as Portugal, leveraging the best private initiatives and designing special programmes that contemplate the peculiar state of the sector.
By 2008 Portuguese biotech had gained significant momentum. Its potential for economic and social impact may still be intact. It needs national and European strategies that reflect an understanding of the country and the sector in order to deliver – at last.A

Lisbon – Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are gaining ground in southwestern Europe. According to the European Association for Bioindustries (EuropaBio), Portuguese farmers planted nearly 60% more genetically modified maize...

Lisbon – In the southwest of Europe, GMOs are gaining ground. According to the European Association for BioIndustries EuropaBio, Portuguese farmers have grown nearly 60% more genetically modified (GM) maize this year compared to...

Lisbon – According to a report published by business intelligence provider Espicom, the future for biopharma on the westernmost tip of Europe looks anything but sunny. Its analysts predict that by 2016, the pharmaceuticals market...

Lisbon – Portugal’s “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (FCT) is to channel funding into collaborations between Portuguese and Indian life science companies and research within the networking pilot programme “New Indigo”...

Coimbra/San Francisco/Munster – Portuguese and US researchers have discovered a new factor that determines whether an embryonic stem cell (ESC) will remain pluripotent or not. After the team under Miguel and Joao Ramalho-Santos...

Madrid –The Spanish Ministry of Health is investing in future biotech treatments. In July, it signed a EUR60m contract over a recombinantly manufactured flu vaccine developed by Rockville-based Novavax. In Phase II trials, the...

Lisbon/New York - A Portuguese-US research team has discovered a new molecular mechanism that enables gamma herpes viruses to chronically infect patients. Gamma herpes viruses infect white blood cells (B- or T-lymphocytes)...

Lisbon – Portugal’s Bial SA has granted American company Sepracor the exclusive rights to develop and commercialise eslicarbazepine in the United States and Canada. Bial will receive US$57m up front.

Poco Barreto – In mid-August, 60 anti-GMO activists destroyed a field planted with insect-resistant Mon810 maize in Portugal. Near the small Algarve town of Poco Barreto, activists from the “Movimento Verde Eufemia” trampled...

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LentiKat’s offers an unusual investment opportunity

LentiKat’s owns, manufactures and distributes a patented immobilization into lentil-shaped Lentikats Biocatalysts. The unique lentil-like shape of the Lentikats Biocatalyst ensures unlimited diffusion of substrate(s) into any part of the matrix, while still retaining a convenient size for easy separation from the reaction medium. They find application in the Pharma & Food industry (including bio-based chemicals), Wastewater treatment as well as Biofuels. more...

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Pharming: US approval in sight
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Pharming: US approval in sight

09.11.2012 - Dutch Pharming and its US-partner Santaris Inc. have reported positive Phase III results for Ruconest, their treatment of hereditary angioedema.

The development of Pharming's C1 inhibitor Rhucin, also called Ruconest outside Europe, seemed to be a never ending story. But after the Dutch company and its US-partner Santaris Inc. reported positive top-line data for the protein to treat hereditary angioedema, the story could come to a happy ending.

Rhucin met the primary endpoint of reducing median time to beginning of symptom relief vs. placebo in the Phase III Study 1310 trial to treat acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE). The positive data trigger a US$10m milestone payment to Pharming from Santarus, which has exclusive commercialisation rights to Rhucin in North America. "We are very pleased with these pivotal study results and look forward to working with our colleagues at Santarus to prepare and submit the Biologics License Application (BLA) for Ruconest to the FDA in the first half of 2013," said Bruno Giannetti, COO of Pharming.  "We anticipate that additional data from this Phase III study will be presented at an appropriate medical meeting in 2013." Last year, FDA refused a similar application. Pharming subsequently amended the protocol to address issues raised by FDA. The recombinant human complement 1 (C1) esterase inhibitor is approved as Rhucin in the EU to treat acute attacks of HAE and is co-marketed with Swedish Orphan Biovitrum (SOBI). Originally, Pharming had begun the first Phase III for Rhucin in April 2004.

Rhucin has exactly the same amino acid sequence as endogenous human C1 inhibitor protein. It is the second recombinant protein produced in transgenic animals to get to market in Europe, following the approval of ATryn, a recombinant antithrombin, extracted from transgenic goat milk, in 2006. In Europe, there is significant competition in the HAE space. Aside from a C1 inhibitor protein derived from human plasma, the main competition for Rhucin on the continent is Shire’s approved Firazyr, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist originally developed by German Jerini AG, which delivered sales of about US$10 million in 2010. Firazyr was the first new treatment for HAE in Europe in 30 years.

22.05.2015 Dutch arGEN-X and Danish LEO Pharma are pairing up to develop antibody-based treatments for the chronic inflammation that causes many skin conditions.

12.05.2015 US pharma is coming to European biotech to fill their pipeline. Pfizer is paying €77.5m for an option on Dutch AM-Pharma, while Juno Therapeutics acquired German biotech Stage Cell Therapeutics for around €72m.

Rare diseasesItalyGermanyPoland

15.05.2015 Rome-based pharmaceutical group Sigma-Tau has sold its blood cancer drug programme Oncaspar to US company Baxter, who aims to spin out its biopharma business.

26.05.2015 The Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea has joined the Dutch MEB in its stance on the interchangeability of biosimilars. The Fimea now sees physician-driven switching of biologics as unproblematic.

06.05.2015 More revenue, more staff, more funding: in the German biotech industry, all signs are pointing towards growth.

18.05.2015 Double deal for allergy: UK’s speciality biopharma Circassia is boosting its asthma pipeline with the acquisition of Swedish asthma specialist Aerocrine as well as fellow British Prosonix.

20.05.2015 The Scottish Government has announced it will double the amount of funds for rare diseases. The New Medicines Fund that was created last year for this purpose will be increased to £80m (€112m).

04.05.2015 Swiss crop chemical maker Syngenta AG is in talks with US company Monsanto to discuss a possible merger, insiders say.

30.04.2015 The European Parliament has given the go-ahead on a new law limiting the use of harmful crop-based biofuel in the transport sector. The decision marks a breakthrough in the EU’s approach to biofuels.

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