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Author Topic: How You Actually Lengthen Your Legs: Internal and External Methods  (Read 30895 times)
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« on: September 16, 2011, 10:29:36 AM »

There are two types of leg lengthening that all prospective patients have the option of choosing from: External Methods and Internal Methods. External methods are comprised of a metal fixator on the outside of the leg whereby distraction is caused by bolts on a screw that are turned to produce lengthening. Internal methods are comprised of intramedullary devices (IM) that are placed inside the bone canal and all distraction takes place inside the leg.

The most common External Methods are:

This is the 'original' form of leg lengthening, pioneered by Russian physician Gavril Abramovich Ilizarov in the 1950s. Most external techniques are based on this method. Typically, the tibia and fibula bones of both lower legs are broken and an external fixator device is attached to each half of each severed bone. The device is attached to the bones using pins or wires that go through small holes drilled through the patient's skin.

This device has screws which are then turned to stretch the bones at a very slow rate whilst the bone grows into the space between the breaks. This part is called "distraction" and is done at varying rates of up to 1mm per day. At the end of the distraction phase, the bone is then left to strengthen and "consolidate". This can take anything from three months to one year and care must be taken not to break the bone before it is at full strength. After consolidation, the bone is as strong as the original, but longer.

Some modern practitioners consider this approach to be barbaric, and the requirement for multiple pins through the skin into the bones can be painful, and also lead to infections and other problems. However, this is often the cheapest approach and has a long track-record of success. It is practiced in many different countries and clinics.

Diagram showing Ilizarov Apparatus:

LATN and LON are methods whereby lengthening is done with an external ring fixator, but then an internal IM rod is fixed inside the bone to speed up the time frame for returning to normal.

This is a new combination of internal and external methods that involves both an external fixator and an internal ?nail?, which is inserted after the external frame has been removed.

The procedures starts in the same was the traditional Ilizarov approach, but after lengthening, the external frame is removed and a stainless steel rod inserted into the bone. This rod or ?nail? provides stability and protects the bone as it consolidates.

It is claimed that this approach reduces the time required for consolidation, allowing a patient to return to their normal life much more quickly than in the standard external-only method.

Clinical studies have also shown that this approach also has the advantage over the similar Lengthening over Nails (LON) approach, in that there is a reduced risk of infection as the internal and external devices are not used at the same time.

This is a combination of internal and external methods that involves both an external fixator and an internal ?nail? used simultaneously.

Lengthening Over Nails was pioneered in 1990, by Drs. Paley and Herzenberg while they practiced at the American Maryland Centre for Limb Lengthening & Reconstruction (MCLLR).

The procedure begins with the insertion of a metal rod into the central cavity (intramedullary) of the tibia in the lower legs and then the external fixator device is attached to the bone.

As the limb is lengthened, one end of the bone slides over the rod and new bone is grown around it. When the bone is fully lengthened, the external device is removed and the rod is surgically attached to each bone segment.

During bone strengthening, the rod provides support and the external device is removed, unlike the basic Ilizarov method.

After the consolidation phase, the metal rod is removed and the bones will heal shortly afterwards. This combination approach decreases the duration of the consolidation phase by two to three months.

Monorail fixators use a similar principle to the Ilizarov  technique, but there is a small, lightweight bar that runs along the outside of the bone instead of a large external frame. The bar manages the process of distraction, and slowly pulls the two separated parts of the bone apart, but with less trauma than the Ilizarov method as there are less puncture wounds and parts involved.

Diagram showing monolateral external fixator:

The most common Internal Methods are:

This approach was originally developed by Dr Jean-Marc Guichet at the University Centre (CHU) of Dijon, France in 1986. It is similar to Lengthening over Nails, but the internal device is spring-loaded and is extended by a movement of the patient's legs, rather than some external influence. This means that there is no need for external devices, minimizing wounds, trauma and pain. Being wholly internal has many benefits for lengthening, but is the most expensive form of Leg Lengthening

While the original Albizzia nail is no longer in production, Dr. Guichet in France has developed a successor nail named the Gnail, and Dr. Betz in Germany has developed a successor nail named the Betzbone. Both nails are reported to be stronger and more reliable than the original Albizzia nail.

Diagram showing an internal telescoping rod (Nail) during a femur lengthening:

This method is named after Professor Alexander Bliskunov, now deceased, who pioneered it in Ukraine when it was part of the Soviet Union, and it is still practiced in Kiev.

It is very similar to the Albizzia method, and involves the patient rotating a limb to extend the device and initiate distraction, but the patient rotates the whole leg rather than the foot or ankle.

You can find more information here:
This is an electronic system used for Leg Lengthening.

This is an electronic device used for Leg Lengthening. It has an nail device like in other internal methods, but the distraction is controlled by an external device that uses magnets to control the telescopic movement of the nail.

The nail is attached to each end of the cut bone and, as the nail extends, it stretches the bone.

This procedure was invented by Prof. Augustin Betz of Germany and is the first method to use an automated system: and
The ISKD was invented by Dr. J. Dean Cole, an orthopaedic surgeon and President of Orthodyne Inc. Dr. Cole is Medical Director of the Florida Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Fracture Care Centre.

This is similar to, and may have inspired, the Albizzia approach. Here, the internal nail, or Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor (ISKD) device uses a kinetic clutch mechanism to allow distraction.

One segment of a rod is screwed onto another and the whole rod is inserted into the patient's bone. When the patient rotates his or her leg, one segment rotates over the upper other, and the rod lengthens, stretching the bone. The mechanism is clutched to ensure that it only rotates in one direction, and an external monitor tracks the rate of distraction.

There have been a number of recent recalls of ISKD devices and the reliability of the unit has been drawn into question. It is currently NOT recommended for prospective patients to lengthen with the ISKD.
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Make Me Taller! The world's number one elective leg lengthening site! Come here for information about LL, things to make you taller, how to get taller permanently, Ilizarov, Betzbone, Guichet Nail, PRECICE, height growth and other height related issues. This is the number one leg lengthening forum for height seekers and people trying to become taller. It was created and run by people who have actually done leg lengthening surgery (LL).

As a community site, MMT forum thrives on people's contributions, so please feel free to share your make me taller questions, videos, photos and experiences here in this leg lengthening forum. Make me taller is open to all, but please read the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) before posting as this will answer nearly all of your questions about getting taller through surgery. Please read our leg lengthening diaries too! We hope that you find this forum useful. Cheers, SysOp.

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Category: Sizegenetics

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Sizegenetics Review

Sizegenetics extender is recommended by many doctors and medical professionals. This is important as with this the medical society gives credibility to this product and hence the sizegenetics review is helpful for people who are planning to try this product out. There are lots of products in the …


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Man with Two Faces

From time to time, it is good to be able to take off the faces that we wear everyday and be ourselves.

I believe there are white and black peonies but I have not seen any yet. Until that time this is what I call 黑白牡丹.

The City That Doesn’t Sleep

New York is always going to be a very special place to me.

Whippany Park High School Band

Such a memorable performance.


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Why I choose NOT to be a "Super Mom"

Friday, March 7, 2014

Everyone knows at least one “Super Mom”. She could be your neighbor, your in-law, or even your best friend.  You know what I am talking about…A “Super Mom” is the one whose house is always spotless, and whose children are perfectly dressed and behaved. Or the one who is the life of the party, always involved in the planning and executing of every activity under the sun. Or the one who somehow finds the time to be gorgeously fit and perfectly put together at all times despite maintaining a house and small children.

 How often have you looked at these “Super Moms” and felt anything but super? How often have you compared yourself to these “Super Moms” and felt discouraged and downright depressed? We all go through the stage of wanting to be that, “Super Mom” but, have we ever stopped to ask ourselves if what we are seeing is the whole story? Is the idealism of “Super Mom” even real? And if so is it healthy? And even more is it worth it?

I have spoken with many whom I considered “Super Moms”. Some of them were quick to reject that title. They told me that all was not what it seemed. They told me that I was only seeing a small aspect of their lives and that in every other aspect they were just like everyone else. They assured me that what I was seeking wasn’t real.

Then there were my friends who earnestly were seeking to live up to the title “Super Mom”…The other day a friend of mine posted on facebook what she called venting, but what I feel was a desperate plea for help. She talked about how living up to the title of “Super-Mom” was not all it was cracked up to be. She is constantly on the go and correspondingly constantly feels overwhelmed and even discouraged. She is spread so thin that she knows something in her life has to give. She just doesn’t know what.

I think the saddest thing is that this friend is not alone. Of my friends and family who are striving to live up to this ideal, I cannot tell you how many times I have heard them each express that they feel as if they are not giving enough. At the same time they don’t know how they can continue giving as much as they are. They are burning out and shutting down as they try to be and do everything for those they love. Even worse is how unappreciated their efforts are.

I have thought a lot about this and have decided that being a “Super-Mom” is not only unrealistic but it isn’t healthy. At least it isn’t for me. It has been a hard lesson to learn that I can’t do and be everything to my husband, children, myself, and the world. I just can’t. When I stopped trying to reach this false ideal of perfection (when I stopped spreading myself too thin,) I was able to be the parent, and spouse my family not only needed but enjoyed to be around.

Sure this means that though I try to maintain a clean house it often is only spotless right before a guest arrives or after the kids are in bed. Though I try to make sure we are clean and groomed when we leave the house rarely does my family look like we stepped out of a fashion magazine. And though we like to get out and have fun, we end up passing on more activities then we attend. I try to continually teach my children good behavior and correct principles, but this doesn’t mean they don’t make mistakes and even behave badly at times. I have had to learn that this is not only ok, but normal.

With relief I proclaim that though I am NOT a perfect “Super mom”, I am a good one.  Who is with me?

What are some tips to remember as we throw off the shackles of this false ideal of the so called “Super Mom” and  seek to be good and great moms instead?

:: Love yourself, your spouse, and your kids.

:: Understand that there is a time and a season to everything. (Don’t try to do and be everything all at once.)

:: If something is not working it is ok to re-evaluate and make a change.

:: Remembering that often less is more.

:: Know that with God All things are possible! Turn to Him for guidance and help. He will not fail you.

:: Be patience and forgiving with yourself and family.  None of you are perfect, and that’s ok. Just work on being better.

:: Make sure to take care of yourself. You can’t be the spouse and parent your family needs and wants if you are constantly on the verge of shutting down.

About Mamas Spot

We are a family of four that left it all behind to go travel the world. No, literally we left it all. We sold all of our possessions, packed what we could into four suitcases and said goodbye to suburban life. All we own is now pulled behind us as we travel to new and exciting destinations. Showing our kids the world and teaching them about new cultures, food, and ways of life is now our 9-5.

We love watching our kids learn, and learning along side them. Together we have now explored many new countries, visited family on the other side of the world, and made memories that will last a lifetime.

Welcome to our journey!


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 3 ways your business might be contributing to the UK's skills shortage

3 ways your business might be contributing to the UK's skills shortage

News by CMI Insights, 17 NOV 2016

Employers are increasingly unable to find people with the skills or knowledge to fill jobs.

In fact, the latest UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES) report found that the number of positions left vacant because employers cannot find qualified people to fill them has more than doubled in the last four years.

With so-called skills shortage vacancies now making up nearly one in four of all job listings, a lack of quality personnel in key industries such as construction, high technology and digital poses a serious threat to the economy.

But while the government must take a share of the blame for the predicament as many British businesses bemoan the quality of school leavers and graduates entering the workplace, some businesses are also liable.

The Chartered Management Institute’s report An Age of Uncertainty: Young people’s views on the challenges of getting into work in 21st century Britain identified three ways some employers have failed to fill the gap caused by the skills shortage: a shortfall in work experience placements offered to career starters, the lack of importance placed on the extracurricular activities of young people, and the dearth in youth mentoring.

One of the findings of the CMI study was that young people entering the workplace either now, or in the coming years, are keen to gain professional experience to prepare them for full-time employment.

In particular, the survey showed that young people seemed to know that they need to learn the practical skills that will enable them to achieve their leadership and management aspirations.

The majority of young people think that organisational skills (68%) and communication skills (65%) are very important to employers when deciding who to hire, and this is in line with previous CMI studies that show that three out of the top four key skills that employers are looking for in new managers are people-management skills, with communication ranked as the most important skill by 67% of employers.

However, there is a gap in providing young people with information and pathways in which they can attain these sought-after skills.

A 21 year old female respondent said: “There is a disconnect between schools and the employment market. Schools do not give young people the chance to learn the skills they need in the current job market. Yet, they are expected to demonstrate them once they enter work.

“To bridge that gap there is an increasing expectation on young people to build these skills in their free time.”

Therefore, employers may need to step into to provide more opportunities for young people to develop and apply these skills both in school and when participating in workplace experiences.

This could include partnering with schools and offering workshops, ‘enterprise days’, and work experience placements.

With this disconnect making it challenging for young people to gain vital people-management abilities at school, employers can better promote and encourage young people to build these skills through extra-curricular activities.

Whether it as a member of the local football team on Sunday’s or taking part in performing arts at a community theatre or dramatics group, the value of interacting and expressing themselves in these often passion-driven pursuits is a fantastic way for young people to develop many of the skills that employers seek.

The CMI survey found young people do not ascribe much importance to their extra-curricular activities, however, suggesting they do not see them as a means of learning valuable skills that will impress employers.

Two in five young people consider volunteer work or social action as unimportant to employers when deciding who to hire, while almost two-thirds think the same of common extra-curricular schemes.

A possible solution to this issue is for small and large employers to make extra-circular activities a major requirement for candidates applying for their job vacancies, and some companies are already leading the way in doing this.

Michelle Murray, apprentice programme manager at ScotRail, highlighted their use of competency-based questions when interviewing young people for apprenticeship places, recognising the need to get beyond the academic record to understand young people’s potential.

“We want to find out as much as possible about the candidate – most questions are competency-based to spot the raw potential,” he said. “‘Do you volunteer?’ ‘When have you worked in a team?’ ‘Are you part of a sports team?’”

Over the past decade, mentoring programmes have become a key management programme to help develop employees and build their careers within an organisation, and the CMI survey suggests more of such schemes are also needed to develop young people entering the workforce.

Mentors can be very valuable to aspiring workers in demonstrating how tasks are undertaken or how problems are solved, answering questions, and interacting with mentees, who may otherwise feel isolated and confused.

It is also a great chance for employers to promote the great work and culture of their business, as well as develop a future young leader for their own vacancies.

The CMI report also found that mentoring is in high demand from young people, but only a small minority (13%) have been supported by a mentor, but a majority (70%) still believe that having a mentor would help them to understand their options when leaving school.

Employers can make a concerted effort to help solve this gap by making mentorship a key part of their work experience and internship placements.

More than half (54%) of those who had completed work experience or an internship were not given a mentor or a buddy, meaning that employers have a prime opportunity to help develop these young people, and make themselves an attractive company to work for in the process.

Read the full story here

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SIXTEEN employees of the Batangas Electric Cooperative (BATELEC II) tested positive for drugs in a surprise random drug test performed by the company.

BATELEC General Manger Octavio Mendoza said out of 500 employees, 14 tested positive for using shabu and two for marijuana.

“We need to subject them to drug testing to ensure that our employees are not involved in anything that is against the law and in order to professionalize our workforce,” Mendoza said.

The drug testing was performed in a private medical polyclinic last May and the results were released just recently.

Mendoza added that aside from the results submitted by the polyclinic, the 16 employees were also sent to the Department of Health for a confirmatory test which also resulted positive.

“Although they tested positive, they are still currently employed as we are still constituting a committee to formally hear their case,” Mendoza said.

The committee will be composed of a representative from each department of the cooperative, the administration manager and the president of the emplo- yees association.

If the committee finds them guilty, they will be given three months to undergo rehabilitation in a duly accredited rehabilitation facility.

“We are implementing this to avoid possible accidents while performing their duties. Imagine the possible danger of having a lineman or a driver operating a crane while under the influence of drugs.”

In 2012, two BATELEC employees lost their jobs due to drug use.

BATELEC II is one of the biggest electric cooperatives in the country that services several towns and cities in the province of Batangas.

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Kris Aquino lands Hollywood project

Kris Aquino on Easter Sunday posted on her Instagram account @krisaquino a lengthy narration on how she was able to clinch a Hollywood project through her agent, three weeks after submitting her audition.

Complete with a Bible verse from 2 Corinthians 12:9, Aquino opened with an emotional treatise on losing projects on TV, and then went on to talk about the circumstances surrounding the Hollywood deal, and finally announcing she was leaving that very night for Los Angeles.

“For a year, I experienced rejections. A part of my spirit broke. There were two shows I lost because hiring an Aquino for TV was a political risk not worth taking. But something happened on March 23—a Tony and Grammy award-winning producer, Jhett Tolentino, contacted me through Congresswoman Len Alonte and Manang Nene Chan. He was helping a Filipino-Chinese-American agent friend of his reach me to ask if I’d want to audition for a big Hollywood studio movie about to start filming,” Aquino wrote.

“The pressure was I had to submit my reel in 72 hours. I felt I had nothing to lose, so we went for it. Forty-eight hours after Jhett’s call, on March 25, we mounted an audition shoot in Manila Peninsula. Thank you ARMADA, Direk Ricky Villabona, Jules Dacanay, DOP Shayne Sarte and her team, Nante Alingasa, Kimi Yap, my finance guru Nicko Falcis, Alvin, and the entire Kris Online team, plus Atty. Joji’s Quantum Post Production for the unwavering faith. We shot, they immediately edited and color-graded, both my audition scenes and video bio. Sunday we sent the high definition material. And we waited. And prayed,” she continued.

Then her big reveal, “Tonight I fly to Los Angeles to meet Chris Lee, my agent, to sign my contract. I passed five levels of intense scrutiny and was offered a role. It is surreal to be reading the script from a major Hollywood studio watermarked on every page with my name. I signed a non-disclosure agreement so until they reveal my participation I can’t share any details about the movie and my role.”

Before the Holy Week, Aquino was in loggerheads with the producer of her TV special, Trip Ni Kris, over her interview on Yes! Magazine, which may have been too candid for comfort.

The block-timer show was to take over the timeslot of GMA’s Sunday Night Box Office (SNBO). However, after the premiere episode and the supposed re-airing on Facebook through her website RealKrisAquino on Easter Sunday, the rights were revoked by Rhodora Morales. Aquino had said in the magazine interview that she had not been paid in full and felt that she was being used to advance the political career of Morales’ son, Renan, who is currently a councilor with plans of running as vice governor in the 2019 elections.

The daughter of the late former president Corazon Aquino and sister of immediate past president Noynoy Aquino denied there was anything going on between her and the producer’s son, who had previously been linked to several showbiz personalities

Aquino ended her post by saying, “I am proof that in life doors will shut and there will be heartbreaking setbacks, but faith in God’s plan will open new, unexpected doors. We just need to trust in His love, provision, restoration and perfect timing. Grace is unmerited; it’s God’s gift we humbly receive with a heart overflowing with gratitude. To my siblings and sons, I share this blessing with you. Thank you for being my strength.”

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1 Comment

  1. Drama talaga ni Kris. LP lost so you chose to resign from your TV shows. KUNG SUCCESSFUL ANG PAGDAYA SA VOTES NI MAR, mamamayagpag ka pa rin sa ABS. Arte mo! Political risk ka diyan. Good luck on your Hollywood journey. NAWAY umayos ka at magpaka-professional ka. Kung mag-iinarte ka baka litsunin ka sa TMZ. May trabaho ka sa GMA and yet you tried to pulls strings and be a diva (is what i think you did). In life, you can get everything you want (but not at the same time). It applies to all of us Kris. SOBRANG SWERTE KA LANG KASI ANAK KA NI CORY AT KAPATID KA NI NOY NOONG PRESIDENTE SILA kaya nagawa at nakuha mo lahat ng gusto mo. You are still young and can prove to the world that you have talent in acting via this Hollywood movie. Sana US will make you mature and kind.


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Pope shuts Holy Door, ends ‘Jubilee of Mercy’

VATICAN CITY: Pope Francis on Sunday brought to a close the Catholic Church’s “Extraordinary Jubilee Year of Mercy,” shutting the Holy Door at Saint Peter’s Basilica after a year in which he raised Mother Teresa to sainthood and took in Syrian Muslim refugees.

The Argentine, who says he is inspired by Saint Francis of Assisi, spent the year with the downtrodden, holding special Masses and passing one Friday every month with refugees, victims of sex trafficking, the sick, the elderly and vulnerable children.

At a solemn ceremony in front of the paneled bronze doors at the Vatican’s basilica – wreathed in white flowers and green foliage and flanked by Swiss guards – the pope paused to pray, clutching the cross he wears around his neck.

MERCY ENDURES Pope Francis closes the Holy Door at Saint Peter’s Basilica to mark the end of the Jubilee of Mercy on Sunday at the Vatican. AFP POOL PHOTO BY TIZIANA FABI

MERCY ENDURES Pope Francis closes the Holy Door at Saint Peter’s Basilica to mark the end of the Jubilee of Mercy on Sunday at the Vatican. AFP POOL PHOTO BY TIZIANA FABI

He walked slowly up the three steps into the basilica and in silence pulled shut the doors, which will later be walled up from the inside as per tradition until the next “ordinary jubilee” in 2025.

The extraordinary jubilee was only the third in 700 years.

The watchword of mercy meant helping the unfortunate, and welcoming sinners and outcasts back into the fold. The pope hoped compassion would not only counter xenophobia but also draw people to the Church.

“God has no memory of sin,” Francis said during a Mass after the closing of the doors which the Vatican said drew 70,000 worshippers to Saint Peter’s Square.

“And he believes that it is always possible to start anew, to raise ourselves up.”

Mercy gates ‘open wide’
He said the faithful should “ask for the grace of never closing the doors of reconciliation and pardon, but rather of knowing how to go beyond evil and differences, opening every possible pathway of hope.”

“Even if the Holy Door closes, the true door of mercy, which is the heart of Christ, always remains open wide for us,” he said.

The pontiff, 79, ruled that during the jubilee every priest in the world would be able to absolve the sin of abortion, handpicking more than a thousand “missionaries of mercy” known as “super confessors.”

These were able to forgive sins usually only pardonable by the pontiff, from attempting to kill the holy father to defiling the Eucharist – the taking of bread and wine – by spitting it out or using it in a Satanic ritual.

He also decreed so-called “Holy Doors” should be opened across the world, so that people everywhere could pass through them and have their sins forgiven if they were truly repentant.

Eschewing tradition, he opened the first one not at Saint Peter’s but in the cathedral of Bangui in Central African Republic – flagging the importance of dioceses far from Rome.

Padre Pio’s remains in Rome
In a crowd-pleasing move, Francis had the remains of Saint Padre Pio – a favorite among those looking for compassion and healing – brought to Rome and carried through the streets to the Vatican.

Thousands turned out to glimpse the body of a man reputed by believers to have been able to levitate, read minds and bi-locate, appearing in foreign lands while remaining at the same time in his friary.

Over 100,000 pilgrims, including Queen Sofia of Spain and 1,500 homeless people, flocked to the Vatican in September for the canonization of Mother Teresa, whom Francis held up as an icon who challenged the powerful and defended the poor.

But the pope ensured the majority of the jubilee events centered on those who were outcast or abandoned, holding special Masses for the disabled, the poor, the homeless and prisoners – including some serving life sentences.

He opened a free medical clinic for the homeless next to Saint Peter’s Square.

Unafraid of angering traditionalists, Francis said protecting the environment should be added to the seven corporal works of mercy drawn from the Gospels, such as feeding the hungry and visiting the sick.

And in perhaps the highlight of the year, he ended a one-day trip to the Greek island of Lesbos – Europe’s migration hotspot at the time – by taking three Syrian refugee families, all Muslim, back to Rome with him.

New cardinals
Pope Francis on Saturday created 17 new cardinals from across the globe, elevating them in a time-honored ceremony to an elite body that advises and elects popes.

Three of them are from the US, while others come from corners of the world where the Catholic Church needs a boost.

Dressed in red robes, the “princes of the Church” knelt before the pontiff to pledge their allegiance in a solemn ceremony.

Thirteen of them are under 80 and therefore eligible to take part in the next secret conclave to elect or become the head of the world’s 1.2 billion Catholics. They are known as cardinal-electors.

History’s first Latin American pope is famed for wanting to reach out to far-flung dioceses often overlooked by Rome and he has largely shunned European candidates, favoring low-key, pastoral figures or men he knows.

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Making ‘Parallax’ gave me the opportunity to work with color and image in a discipline very different than painting. I had worked with intaglio as an art student and was again excited at the potential to experiment with this form of printmaking.  I have always considered the medium as tangential to components of how I conceive imagery.  The collective project for “Pull” added another layer of importance to an already fraught process.  As a result I refined my thinking and entered the project with a concept that satisfied my desire to experiment.
     One foundational element of printmaking is its inception as a medium to disseminate
language to the masses.  The historical value of this technical process laid the groundwork for a contemporary popular culture shaped by visual language.  Hand crafted postcards, nostalgic newspaper clippings and photographs are relics that signify this origin.   ‘Parallax’ compresses this anecdotal evidence in the image of a flipped american car onto a palm treed landscape.  The resulting print uses perspective, space and light to merge subject and object into single view, a two dimensional landscape where catastrophe is already inscribed.

Katherine Taylor


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Marcy Tanniru, marketing communications expert, business woman, entrepreneur, wife, mother, and chief operating officer at the Tanniru household. Multi-tasking isn’t a skill, it’s a lifestyle.The Marcommer
Hyper-organized and detail-driven, but with a passion for the creative and a love for the clever, Marcy Tanniru creates her lists using multicolored markers and day-glo ink.

After 14 years of working her way up the marketing communications ladder in large, global companies, Marcy took a look at the industry and realized that small- and medium-sized businesses wanted revenue-generating marketing programs, but often didn’t have the people to manage it or the budget to pay for it.

The idea for The Marcommer was born.

Marcy gave her boss a two-month notice, tied up loose ends, and set out to find small businesses with the desire to grow, but without the resources to support internal marketing departments or big-budget agency teams.

Marcy Tanniru will work with you to develop a marketing strategy, message, and tactics that support your goals and stay within your budget -- even if your goals are big and your budget tight. Download Marcy's resume and see why she is qualified to help you.


text:
Purrrrrfect Gifts!

by Mari Robeson in

One more week of school! The kids are so excited! That makes me think of our FANTASTIC teachers. I always like to give a little something to them during this time so they know how much they are appreciated. Not only teachers, but co-workers, clients, friends...all who touch our lives throughout the year. And we all know there's only one more week of shopping before the big day, so here are some of my favorite things I have at the boutique that I know would make anyone smile! Happy Holidays Everyone! May yours be full of love, great health, and joy!

BabyShoes.jpg For baby I just received a new shipment of the snuggliest, cutest little shoes! OMG and these furry little booties that are simply to die for!!!

Bathrobe.jpgYou can never go wrong with an amazing bathrobe from Pine Cone Hill! Very reasonable and in many colors. I also have a wide variety of their pajamas from bamboo to snuggly fleece, cotton to flannel!

Sachet.jpgDelicious Sachets from P.Flynn Designs, sure to make any stocking smell Divine!

SoyCandle.jpg Who doesn't love a soy candle?! Non-toxic, burns up to 110 hours, lots of scents to choose from. My current favorite is Spiced Chia but the Tomato - Grapefruit smells like you just walked in from the garden!
Crowns.jpg Any teacher or co-worker would love a signature crown pin. They come wrapped in my pink box, in my bag with fun, festive tissue!
OH, and I just received a whole bunch of new Bla Bla dolls!!! They are so darling...handmade in Peru, many styles to choose from!
That's just a few of the fun little treasures here!!! Happy shopping everyone!
Photos courtesy of Robin Barne's Story Book Black and Whites.


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Chicken Run Essay

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Chicken Run Essay In this essay I am going to look at how the film makers of Chicken Run use mise en scene to portray the characters of Ginger and Mrs. Tweedy as good and evil. I am going to investigate how the film makers have used camera angles, costume, lighting, setting, music, sound effects and character interaction to create more meaning for the audience. By using mise en scene it gives the audience clues about the characters and the action in the film. As the film opens the audience can see Mr Tweedy patrolling the farm as if he's a guard keeping watch. He shows all the signs that he's looking for someone or something in particular to happen, he has his torch in one hand and in the other he has the leads of his two vicious guard dogs which drag him about panting and growling, ready to pounce. The film makers have used a padlock as a signifier to symbolise captivity and an extreme close up onto it to intensify the point even more. ...read more.

As the dogs advance Ginger backs away, bumping into a garden gnome, which she lifts up in front of her as if to be used like a sword. The dog bites off the head of the gnome with great force, giving the impression it is not at all frightened. The sound effects used emphasis the dogs aggression as it crunches viciously. This leaves Ginger looking very vulnerable with no where to go. The music then stops again as the door opens. The light glares out from behind Mrs Tweedy, everything goes silent the dogs whimpering and cower down, Ginger gasps and lifts her hand giving us the impression she's defending herself. A high angle shot is taken of ginger, the camera is looking down on her as she looks up. This makes Ginger look small, very isolated and alone. Then there is a low angle shot the camera looks up at Mrs Tweedy, this makes her look very powerful and superior. ...read more.

An extreme close up of her Wellingtons, symbolise army boots marching up and down. They also use her rubber glove being stretched, as a signifier of a threat to hurt someone. An insert camera shot shows the ' egg production record' sheet being pursued by Mrs Tweedy. The tapping of her finger on the sheet lets the audience know she's found her offender. A high angle shot of Edwina showing the fear in her eyes when she realises it is her. The music begins to get louder and more intense as Edwina is taken away. An axe is used as a signifier to symbolise death, the shadow and sound effects also confirm this. A close up shot of a teary eyed Ginger sitting on the roof showing the emotion and the sadness she feels. The sound of the geese and the V pattern symbolising flying home and freedom, make Ginger realise she has to make a great escape. In conclusion the makers of Chicken Run were very successful in using mise en scene to show the good and evil between Mrs. Tweedy and Ginger. Stephanie prosperino ...read more.

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    Stand By Me Essay

    3 star(s)

    Lardass is a overweight kid who is very unpopular, his brother and sister even call him Lardass (Lardass is his nickname). Before the competition he drinks a bottle of castor oil and one raw egg, this is all to do with his revenge.

  2. The Lion King - Media techniques such as camera angles, music and lighting are ...

    Scar's face lights up with delight, his face is orange, he is ready to kill off Simba. This was sufficient to give Simba additional strength and power, in his memory he reflects back to his father being murdered by Scar and his strength helps him leap back up onto the rock above.

  1. Chicken Run media essay

    The moment the titles have finished, the music descends from a triumphant melody into eerie gloomy drone. Combined with the music we are shown a crisp low angle shot of a full moon surrounded by darkness. Gradually the camera zooms in from the sky and we see an insert shot

  2. Critical Analysis of a scene from Chicken Run

    After Ginger had told the chickens that they were them fattening up. The mood became very low and by one chicken playing a slow dull tune on a harmonica it emphasized the way they felt this was also another link with the war camps as they also used to play the harmonica.

  1. How do the film makers of Chicken Run use presentational devices to reveal the ...

    The presentational devices used in the film to reveal the good and evil in the characters of Ginger and Mrs Tweedy are lighting, voices, use of colour, camera angles, music, clothing, setting, language and sound effects. Camera angles have been used to make Mrs Tweedy more obviously bad and Ginger more obviously good.

  2. Let Him Have It Essay.

    This makes us feel sorry because it isn't his fault he has the illness. They also focus on his face and start playing the slow music that is repeated throughout the film. We next see Derek when he is older and they are raiding a shed with his mates.

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St Germans Church in Cornwall

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Introduction In July 2001 all the year 10 went to St Germans Church in Cornwall. The purpose of this study is to look at the changes that have occurred in history. To help me explain this I will be using documentary and archeologically evidence. The church was very pleasant to visit. It was in a quiet little village that was not that busy at all. The church was hidden by bushes and hidden down in a hollow. In my coursework I will talk about the history of the church here is a brief history of the church, which will be explained fully later on in the work. The church has been there since the Saxon's times, the first mention of St Germans Church was made on December 5th 936. We know this because in the 930's King Athelsten was conquering Cornwall and had written all the places he had conquered. We think St German Church was a cathedral because they have that is was not a cathedral from 1052. The church was been the centre of pilgrimages (monks) which was set up between 1161 and 1184. The monks brought a lot of money to the church and the town but Henry 8th closed or monasteries and kicked all the monks out, no one would then buy the premises so they decided to rent out the premises, which that meant that St Germans Church started to lose money and so did the town as well. Then in 1592 the Elliot family brought the Church and made changes to it, they added their own family pew and rebuilt the North Aisle. Location Position St Germans Church is located next to the magnificent house if the Elliot's. The church is in South East Cornwall on the River Lyner. The Church is built in a hollow to protect it form the prevailing southwesterly winds. It is behind a large hill called Colgear Hill, which would give it protection from Cornish Pirates coming up the estuary. ...read more.

This had a very bad effect as it dwarfed the columns and spoilt the proportion of the arches. The south aisle was very unusual with a grand wall, posh large perpendicular windows, which was built, form the money the reliquary chapel and the monks. In the church you can see a diagonal line and markings where the old roofline, which is visible in the present of the south Aisle, and North tower. If you look towards this diagonal line at the back of the church you will see a Coat of Arms of King Charles, which was presented to the Cornish Churches for their help during the Civil war. Behind the coat of arms is the diagonal line of stones marking the original lean - to aisle edging onto the central nave. Parts of the Clerestory windows can still be seen above the aisle column. Originally there was a row of clerestory windows either side of the nave and above the lean - aisles to let light into the main nave. Chancel Disaster "The parish church answereth in bigness the large proportion of the parish and the surploss of the priory, a great part of whose chancel, anno 1592 fell suddenly down upon a Friday very shortly after public service was ended, which heavenly favour, of so little respite, saved many persons' lives, with whom immediately before it had been stuffed and devout charges of well disposed parishioners quickly repaired this ruin." Carew wrote this in the 1590's. It was a paragraph form 'The Survey of Cornwall' The paragraph above tells about when the chancel fell and what was happening just before the chancel fell down. This is evidence that there was a chancel and it did fall down. The chancel fell down three times but disastrously in 1592, after which time the grant east window of ten lights erected in its present position. ...read more.

I don't think it is reliable as some of the documents are because he is married to someone who has been brought up in and wouldn't want to make St Germans sound like nothing has happened so he could be a bit bias to her. Is it corroborated? Some of the information is corroborated but not everything is corroborated. Other comments Because the document was written in 18th century the language it is written is quite old. Document 5 Source Hendenam Cornish church guide, 'Parochial, history of Cornwall' What does it say? This document writes about all the history of the church in a very brief way. It starts at the beginning when the church was just founded, then goes on to when the church was first written about by Athelsten. Then he wrote about the Diocesan bishopric in Cornwall. It is a significance of the importance of the Celtic church. When threw creation of bishopric was moved to Crediton and Exeter. Then he goes to say how the church changed through time and how the Elliot's became in charge. Is it authentic? I think this is authentic because it is a church guide which a lot of people will be reading, they don't want to be reading lies so that is why I think its authentic. Is it reliable? I think this document is reliable because it has a lot of over documents that confirm this as well, which is good. It is also written by someone who has nothing to do with the church and which makes it unique. Is it corroborated? I think this document is corroborated with most of the documents. 1. A lot of evidence saying Athelsten wrote about the church first. 2. The creation of the Diocesan Bishopric 3. The Bishopric was moved to Crediton ands Exeter 4. The church was redecorated 5. The priory became owners of some relics 6. The Elliot's took over the church Other comments The guide isn't written in a language that is difficult to read and tell you a quick summary of everything about eh church which is very good. ...read more.

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Google’s Analytics 360 Suite is dedicated to unify and syndicate the data required for advertising and marketing across various channels.

Till date, online consumers were blasted with the ads based on the keywords, and their data provided to the marketers. However, those ads were not relevant in most cases.

In other words, we as a consumer turned completely into digital by leaving our information like mail id, name, contact details, etc, as we research about the product and service before opting it.

In addition, every online customer browses for a solution that meets his or her requirement by being too specific.

Along the way, marketers and advertisers find difficult in capturing the data to provide exactly what customer wants online. This is where Google’s Analytics 360 Suite comes into the picture.

Google has moved into marketing and data management solutions with the launch of its 360 suite and decided to provide personalized and humanized advertising.

This analytics 360 suite offer the marketers an easy way to keep track of their customer performance and access third party data. Therefore, marketers gain its advantage and advertise in such a way that it is completely aligned with customer’s research, and shopping style. However, this maintains the privacy of the consumer.

Google’s analytics 360 suite helps marketers to promote the ads to the end consumer based on their preference and past behaviours, not based on keywords or through cookies banner retargeting.

It’s a huge shift from keyword-based targeting to customer level targeting. This results in ads that are tailored to only what they like.

Author’s Take

The launch has created an excitement among marketers. Nevertheless, it is sure that the brands should maintain transparency on how they collect consumer’s data and provide value in exchange for it. In case, if they fail to bring real value then those brands are sure to lose customer’s trust.

Google’s analytics 360 suite is friendly for both marketers and consumer, but right now it is available only for enterprise-level not for all individual brands. Marketers are trying hard to poke the customer with the right target and acquire everyone. In the future, there can be a huge shift, where advertising goes more effective.


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Anna Victoria Faklan has been added to the cast of the new short film in pre-production by m & s Marshall Productions. The film has yet to be officially named. But will be directed by m & s Marshall co-owner and award winning director Matthew Marshall. It will also feature Helena Rose in the lead role of Kaitlyn Butler, a woman who is a nurse, who is struggling with a multitude of emotional and mental issues.  She has a broken marriage that she is not sure can be put back together.  Also recently cast was Jamie Rainbird and his wife Adina Paluzzi-Rainbird in other roles in the film.

Faklan will play a character named Blair Cyra who is a street person that has a run in with the lead character Kaitlyn Butler.

The script for the short film will deal with various social issues including mental illness and domestic abuse as well as various social causes which Marshall is famous for in his scripts. The film will go into principle production some time in 2018. Exact schedule has not been set. The rest of the cast is currently be auditioned for by m & s Marshall Productions.  Interested parties can apply at https://www.stage32.com/jobs/357923/Blue-love-casting

Applications are now being accepted through apply to Stage 32 or submitting resume and head shot to msmarshall@sympatico.ca  Those applying should share a link to a rehearsed and recorded Audition monologue which has been posted on You Tube or Vimeo for the casting team to preview.

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Posted on Posted in beliefs, Blog, inspiration, perspective, Present moment, Uncategorized

Oh what a great T-Day! Gut busting amounts of food and laughter with family. This morning my ab and cheek muscles are reminding what a great form of exercise laughter can be.

While vegging in front of the tv post feast last night, dreaming of sleeping in on Black Friday, the screen on my phone lit up with a text message alert.

It was from one of the women in my Circles of Support group requesting assistance. She needed a ride to work in the morning and on the way drop her youngest, (just shy of 2), by her Dad’s.

I took a breath and replied, ok, what time? 7:00am she texted back and I felt myself about to emit a groan cause that would mean no sleeping in!

And, in almost the same moment I felt wave wash over me of deep appreciation for all the ‘little things’ that make my life easy: a roof over my head, food in my belly and fridge, clothes on my back and a laundry room, a car, a driver’s license, etc. Those ‘little things’ that at times we may lose sight of how much ease they bring into out lives.

You see, this woman who reached out to me is on probation. She has a job, is homeless living in a motel until tomorrow, is not eligible for the shelter because she has two young children, is determined to keep moving forward in spite of the road blocks that continue to show up in her life. Road blocks that most of us would throw up our hands, shrug our shoulders, and cry out, ‘why me???’

She never, ever asks that question. She acknowledges that she made some not so good choices in the past and that those choices have contributed to her present day circumstances. But she is not content to ‘accept’ her present circumstance as her future reality.

Every day she takes steps towards a future where she and her children have a stable roof over their heads, food in their bellies and in the fridge, a laundry room, a car and driver’s license, etc.

Every day she holds that vision of a better future in her mind and heart.

Every day she reminds herself that her life will and is getting better.

Every day she wakes up with a list of calls to make during her breaks at work.

Every day she is determined.

Every day she holds the hope.

Every day she inspires me.


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Fundamentals of Computer Science I (CSC-151.02 2000F)

Naming Values with Local Bindings

Exercise 0: Preparation

If you haven't done so already (or if you had problem understanding the short lecture), you may want to scan through the reading on local bindings.

Exercise 1: Evaluating let

What are the values of the following let-expressions? You may use DrScheme to help you answer these questions, but be sure you can explain how it arrived at its answers.

(let ((tone "fa")
      (call-me "al"))
  (list call-me tone "l" tone))

;; Solutions to the quadratic equation x^2 - 5x + 4:
(let ((discriminant (- (* -5 -5) (* 4 1 4))))
  (list (/ (+ (- -5) (sqrt discriminant)) (* 2 1))
        (/ (- (- -5) (sqrt discriminant)) (* 2 1))))

(let ((total (+ 8 3 4 2 7)))
  (let ((mean (/ total 5)))
    (* mean mean)))

(let ((val (read)))
  (display "The square of ")
  (display val)
  (display " is ")
  (display (* val val))

Exercise 2: Matching Likes

Suppose we are recording student information for Vivek's Dating Service in the following form:

(first-name last-name gender list-of-likes)

Write a procedure (likes thing list-of-students) that extract all the students that like a particular thing. Use let to simplify the process.

Exercise 3: Nesting Lets

Write a nested let-expression that binds a total of five names, a, b, c, d, and e, with a bound to 9387 and each subsequent name bound to a value twice as large as the one before it -- b should be twice as large as a, c twice as large as b, and so on. The body of the innermost let-expression should compute the sum of the values of the five names.

Exercise 4: Simplifying Nested Lets

Write a let*-expression equivalent to the let-expression in the previous exercise.

Exercise 5: Finding the Longest List

Here is a procedure that takes a non-empty list of lists as argument and returns the longest list on the list (or one of the longest lists, if there is a tie).

(define longest-list-in-list
  (lambda (ls)
    (if (null? (cdr ls))
        (car ls)
        (longer-list (car ls) (longest-list-in-list (cdr ls))))))

This definition of the longest-string-in-list procedure includes a call to the longer-string procedure, which returns the longer of two given strings:

(define longer-string
  (lambda (left right)
    (if (<= (string-length right) (string-length left))

Revise the definition of longest-list-in-list so that the name longer-list is bound to the procedure that it denotes only locally, in a let-expression.

Exercise 6: Alternate Techniques

Note that there are two possible ways to do the previous exercise: The definiens of longest-list-in-list can be a lambda-expression with a let-expression as its body, or it can be a let-expression with a lambda-expression as its body.

a. Define longest-list-in-list in whichever way that you did not define it for the previous exercise.

b. Does the order of nesting affect what happens when the procedure is invoked? If so, which arrangement is better? Why?

Monday, 2 October 2000

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CSC151.01 2009F Functional Problem Solving : Readings

Symbolic Values in Scheme

Summary: In this reading, we consider one of Scheme's central kinds of values, symbols.

While your initial exercises in Scheme have been numeric, Scheme is not limited to numerical computation, but can also operate on pure symbols.

Scheme's ancestor, Lisp, was originally developed to aid in experiments in artificial intelligence. At the time, a leading theory suggested that intelligence emphasizes symbolic manipulation. Hence, it is sensible that Lisp and Scheme include symbols as a basic type. Evidence also shows that many programs most appropriately work on abstract symbolic value.

So, what is a symbol? A symbol is simply a word (usually) that we use to denote only itself. Unlike a variable, it has no associated value. Symbols are also atomic, we cannot split them apart (as we might a sequence of letters). The primary operation we perform on symbols is comparison (determining whether two symbols are the same).

Writing Symbols

When we want to refer to something as a value involved in a computation, rather than as the name of some other value, we put an apostrophe (usually pronounced “quote”) in front of it. In effect, by quoting the symbol, we're telling Scheme to take it literally and without further interpretation or evaluation:

> 'sample

We can also create symbols using the quote operation.

> (quote sample)

Operations on Symbols

So, what can you do with symbols? Not a whole lot. You can determine if a value is a symbol using the symbol? procedure and you can determine if two symbols are the same using the equal? procedure. Note that Scheme uses #t for “yes” on #f for “no”. We'll return to those value when we begin to consider conditionals.

> (symbol? 'sample)
> (symbol? 23)
> (equal? 'sample 'elpmas)
> (equal? 'sample 'sample)

Symbols Versus Names

Note that 'sample (with the quote) is very different from sample (without the quote). In the first case, Scheme interprets it as a symbol (an atomic value). In the second, Scheme interprets it as a name for another value (e.g., something defined with define). At first, you may find the distinction a bit confusing. However, as you get used to programming in Scheme, the distinction will become natural.

> (define sample 85)
> 'sample
> sample
> (symbol? 'sample)
> (symbol? sample)
> (equal? sample 'sample)

The problem becomes even worse when you use a name as a symbol, and the name has not been defined.

> (symbol? 'elpmas)
> (symbol? elpmas)
reference to undefined identifier: elpmas

Side Note: Quoting Other Values

Note that quote does not create a symbol. Rather, it tells Scheme to take something literally. Hence, you can can quote many different things. For example, you can even quote Scheme expressions.

> '(+ 2 3)
(+ 2 3)
> (quote (* 2 3))
(* 2 3)

Although you can use quote in a variety of ways, we prefer that you limit your use to quoting symbolic values, at least for the first few weeks of class. Our experience shows that those who quote other kinds of values early in the course end up with confusing results later in the course.

Creative Commons License

Samuel A. Rebelsky,

Copyright (c) 2007-9 Janet Davis, Matthew Kluber, Samuel A. Rebelsky, and Jerod Weinman. (Selected materials copyright by John David Stone and Henry Walker and used by permission.)

This material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CCLI-0633090. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 License. To view a copy of this license, visit or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.


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Owning the Intangible: Possession, Theft, and (Mis)Appropriation of Ideas

Wiki Work

Starting almost immediately, I will ask you to start posting a variety of work on a class Wiki. Wikis are collaborative online writing systems. Each of you will post topical notes, reflective notes, and essays to the Wiki. Once you have decided on your central research topic, you will be responsible for a section of the Wiki on that topic. Since Wiki's permit collaborative editing, I also encourage each of you to feel comfortable making changes and adding to the work of others.

Our class Wiki is located at http://foswiki.cs.grinnell.edu/foswiki/bin/view/Courses/OwningTheIntangible/. This Wiki uses the FOSwiki software, one of the standard Wiki systems.

Working in a Wiki

As I noted above, Wikis are designed to be collaborative writing spaces. To make them appropriately collaborative, the designers of our Wiki software have made it (relatively) easy to edit and extend existing pages and to create new pages.

FOSwiki provides a WYSIWYG-style (that's What You See Is What You Get) editor as well as a plain-text editor. I would recommend that you use the WYSIWYG editor as you get started.

When you want to link to a page on the Web, write [[URL][link text]], substituting the appropirate URL and link text. When you want to link to a topic in the Wiki, use the same form, substituting the topic for the URL.

Note that topics in a Wiki are traditionally identified by the use of WikiCase: Multiple words crammed together, starting with a capital letter and with at least one capital letter in the middle. For example, OwningTheIntangible or NotesOn.

Creating New Topics

I would generally not recommend creating a new topic (page) without first thinking about how you will link to that topic. Once you know the topic that links to your new topic, go to the linking topic, and insert a link.

For example, if I wanted to create a page of random notes for this Tutorial, I might decide that the page should be called RandomNotes. I would then make a link on the front door of the course section of the form [[RandomNotes][Some Random Notes]].

Once you've created the link, follow it to your new page and the edit it. (While there are other ways to make pages, this technique makes sure that you have a link to it.)

Of course, you can also create a new topic by clicking on Create New Topic in the Toolbox.

Research Topic

Once you have decided upon a research topic, you should create a section of the Wiki for that topic. The naming convention for those sections is, of course, NameOfYourTopic. You may organize your area as you feel best. However, I would recommend that you minimally have sections for: links, bibliographic entries of potential interest (and notes on those entries), assorted notes you have gathered on the topic, and any writings you create on the topic. Some of these things will clearly need to be separate pages (such as essays you write). Others might be incorporated on the main page for your topic or linked from that page, according to your preferences.

So that I know that you are thinking about your topic, I expect you to add at least three non-trivial notes to the notes areas each week. At least two of those must be notes about your topic, but you should also feel free to post notes on your colleagues' pages.

For each Scholars' Convocation (or similar event) that you attend, I expect you to post a paragraph to the Wiki page for that Convocation. Your paragraph might be an independent reflection or it might be a response to a colleague's reflection.

Other Wiki Work

Feel free to make updates, corrections, and additions to any part of the course Wiki. However, I expect you to be responsible in making those posts.

Signing Your Work

When you are posting notes to your colleagues' pages or to the Convocation area, you should sign your posts. I would prefer that you sign posts with two dashes and then your name (first, last, nickname, whatever) in italics. For example, i would use -- ''SamR''.

Although I considered making the Wiki work a separate grading category, I decided that enough of the work you will do for the Wiki pertains to your other activities for class. Hence, you will not receive a separate grade for your Wiki work. Nonetheless, the work you do on the Wiki will be reflected in the other grades you receive in Tutorial.

Thursday, 18 August 2005 [Samuel A. Rebelsky]

Saturday, 19 August 2007 [Samuel A. Rebelsky]

Tuesday, 17 August 2010 [Samuel A. Rebelsky]

Disclaimer: I usually create these pages on the fly, which means that I rarely proofread them and they may contain bad grammar and incorrect details. It also means that I tend to update them regularly (see the history for more details). Feel free to contact me with any suggestions for changes.

This document was generated by Siteweaver on Tue Aug 24 10:49:19 2010.
The source to the document was last modified on Tue Aug 17 08:13:45 2010.
This document may be found at http://www.cs.grinnell.edu/~rebelsky/Courses/Tutorial/2010F/Handouts/wiki.html.

You may wish to validate this document's HTML ; Valid CSS! ; Check with Bobby

Copyright © 2005-2010 Samuel A. Rebelsky. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.

Samuel A. Rebelsky, rebelsky@grinnell.edu


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Martello tower, photo by Erik Simpson

Episode 11: Sirens

The characters of Sirens, from our Ulysses Character Project

Walking Ulysses, from Boston College, including historical and contemporary maps of Dublin for each episode

The places (beyond Dublin) of Sirens, from our Global Ulysses Project

Scans and transcriptions of the 1922 first edition (and related materials) from The Modernist Versions Project

Robert Craven's Ulysses Concordance for Sirens, from his Ulysses Concordance

The Wikipedia summary of the whole novel

From Gerry Carlin and Mair Evans, notes on Sirens

Joyce wrote two schemata of Ulysses for his friends Carlo Linati and Stuart Gilbert; they are now known as the Linati Schema and the Gilbert Schema, respectively. Each schema outlines the fundamental structure of the novel. The schemata were not intended for widespread distribution, but after they were published, they became an important part of scholars' and readers' conversations about Ulysses. The following section combines the two schemata to give a collated version for Sirens.

Time (Linati): 4pm - 5pm
Hour (Gilbert): 4pm
Scene (Gilbert): The Concert Room
Color (Linati): Coral
Color (Gilbert): -
People (Linati): Leucothea, Parthenope, Ulysses, Orpheus, Menelaus, Argonauts
Science/art (Linati): Music
Art (Gilbert): Music
Meaning (Linati): The sweet deceit
Technic (Linati): Fuga per canonem
Technic (Gilbert): Fuga per canonem
Organ (Linati): Ear
Organ (Gilbert): Ear
Symbols (Linati): Promises, female, sounds, embellishments
Symbol (Gilbert): Barmaids

Line References in Ashplant Materials: Essays

11.64 Music

11.86 Names

11.169 Names

11.173 Names

11.180 Names

11.240 Waste

11.309 Names

11.446 Science

11.457 Music

11.752 Names

11.830 Science

11.1083 Irish History Transformed

11.1083 Names

11.1101 Names

11.1187 Names

11.1284 Names

Line References in Ashplant Materials: Lexicon

11.41 But(t)

11.291 Key and Quay

11.366 Bloom

11.560 Touch

11.614 Curious

11.622 Curious

11.874 Useless

11.881 Key and Quay

11.934 Shell

11.938 Shell

11.979 Vessel

11.979 Vessel

11.995 Key and Quay

11.1005 But(t)

11.1005 But(t)

11.1220 But(t)


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Math 567 -- Elementary Number Theory

From Math
Revision as of 18:08, 5 October 2017 by Andreic (Talk | contribs)

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MATH 567

Elementary Number Theory

TR 9:30-10:45, Van Vleck B119

Professor: Andrei Caldararu ( Office Hours: Tuesdays 1:30-3:00, Van Vleck 605.

Grader: Shouwei Hui ( Office Hours: Wednesdays 3-4pm, Van Vleck 903.

Math 567 is a course in elementary number theory, aimed at undergraduates majoring in math or other quantitative disciplines. A general familiarity with abstract algebra at the level of Math 541 will be assumed, but students who haven't taken 541 are welcome to attend if they're willing to play a little catchup. We will be using William Stein's new (and cheap) textbook Elementary Number Theory: Primes, Congruences, and Secrets, which emphasizes computational approaches to the subject. If you don't need a physical copy of the book, it is available as a free legal .pdf. We will be using the (free, public-domain) mathematical software SAGE, developed largely by Stein, as an integral component of our coursework. There is a useful online tutorial. You can download SAGE to your own computer or use it online.

Topics include some subset of, but are not limited to: Divisibility, the Euclidean algorithm and the GCD, linear Diophantine equations, prime numbers and uniqueness of factorization. Congruences, Chinese remainder theorem, Fermat's "little" theorem, Wilson's theorem, Euler's theorem and totient function, the RSA cryptosystem, Rabin's encryption scheme, Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol. Number-theoretic functions, multiplicative functions, Möbius inversion. Primitive roots and indices. Quadratic reciprocity and the Legendre symbol. Perfect numbers, Mersenne primes, Fermat primes. Pythagorean triples, Special cases of Fermat's "last" theorem. Fibonacci numbers. Continued fractions. Distribution of primes, discussion of prime number theorem. Primality testing and factoring algorithms.

Course Policies: Homework will be due on Thursdays. It can be turned in late only with advance permission from your grader. It is acceptable to use calculators and computers on homework (indeed, some of it will require a computer) but calculators are not allowed during exams. You are encouraged to work together on homework, but writeups must be done individually.

Many of the problems in this course will ask you to prove things. I expect proofs to be written in English sentences; the proofs in Stein's book are a good model for the level of verbosity I am looking for.

Grading: The grade in Math 567 will be composed of 50% homework, 25% midterm, 25% final. The midterm will be on November 9, in class. The final exam date and location will be announced by the University and posted here when available.

Syllabus: (This may change as we see what pace works well for the course. All section numbers refer to Stein's book.)

  • Sep 7 + Sep 11-15: Prime numbers, prime factorizations, Euclidean algorithm and GCD (1.1-1.2)
  • Sep 18-22: The integers mod n, Euler's theorem, the phi function (2.1-2.2)
  • Sep 25-29: Modular exponentiation, primality testing, and primitive roots (2.4-2.5)
  • Oct 2-6: Public-key cryptography and RSA (3.1-3.4)
  • Oct 9-13: Rabin's algorithm (not in the book); algebraic numbers
  • Oct 16-20: Quadratic reciprocity (4.1-4.4)
  • Oct 23-27: Finite and infinite continued fractions (5.1-5.3)
  • Oct 31, Nov 2, Nov 7: Continued fractions and diophantine approximation (5.4-5.5)
  • Nov. 9: Midterm exam
  • Nov 13-17: Diophantine equations I: Pell's equation and Lagrange's theorem
  • Nov 21 and Nov 28-30: Elliptic curves (6.1-6.2)
  • Dec. 4-8: Applications of elliptic curves (6.3-6.4)
  • Dec. 12: advanced topic TBD: maybe additional discussion of cryptographic techniques?

Homework: Homework is due at the beginning of class on the specified Thursday. Typing your homework is not a requirement, but if you don't already know LaTeX I highly recommend that you learn it and use it to typeset your homework. I will sometimes assign extra problems, which I will e-mail to the class list and include here.

  • Sep 19 (note this is Tuesday, not Thursday!): 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7 (use SAGE), 1.8, 1.14.

Problem A: Use SAGE to compute the number of x in [1..N] such that x^2 + 1 is prime, for N = 100, N = 1000, and N = 10000. Let f(N) be the number of such x.

a) Can you formulate a conjecture about the relationship between f(N) and N/log N?

b) What if x^2 + 1 is replaced with x^2 + 2? Can you explain why x^2 + 2 appears less likely to be prime? (Hint: consider x mod 3.)

c) Prove that f(N) is at most (1/2)N+1. (Hint: consider x mod 2.)

d) Give as good an upper bound as you can for f(N).

Note that, despite the evident regularities you'll observe in this problem, we do not even know whether there are infinitely many primes of the form x^2 + 1! You would become very famous if you proved this.

  • Sep 28: 2.6 (the formulation of numerical evidence should be done by Sage if you've got Sage working, and by calculator if not; you can use an online tool like this to test whether a number is prime.) 2.8,2.9,2.11,2.12,2.14,2.19
  • Oct 5: 2.15, 2.18, 2.23, 2.26, 2.30.

Problem A: Prove that if n=pq, with p,q prime, then n is not a Carmichael number.

  • Oct 12:

Book problems: 3.4,3.5,3.6

Problem A. Prove that there are infinitely many primes p such that 2 is not a primitive root in Z/pZ. We break this up into steps. Problem A.1. Prove that, if x is an element of Z/nZ, then x^2 is not a primitive root. Problem A.2. Prove that there are infinitely many primes p such that 2 is a square in Z/pZ. Hint: suppose there are only finitely many such primes p_1, .. p_r, and define N = (p_1 .. p_r)^2 - 2. Where can you go from here...? Problem A.3. Give a list of five primes p such that 2 is not a primitive root in Z/pZ (you can use the method of this proof or any other.)

Problem B. Prove that 24 is the largest integer n such that every element of (Z/nZ)^* is a root of x^2-1.


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From Math
Revision as of 17:36, 23 January 2016 by Blalberts (Talk | contribs) (Spring 2016 Semester)

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Graduate Student Number Theory / Representation Theory Seminar, University of Wisconsin – Madison

  • When: Tuesdays, 2:30 PM – 3:30 PM
  • Where: Van Vleck B129

The purpose of this seminar is to have a talk on each Tuesday by a graduate student to help orient ourselves for the Number Theory Seminar talk on the following Thursday. These talks should be aimed at beginning graduate students, and should try to explain some of the background, terminology, and ideas for the Thursday talk.

Spring 2016 Semester

Date Speaker (click for homepage) Title (click for abstract)
Jan 26 David Bruce
Feb 2 Ewan Dalby
Feb 9 Daniel Hast
Feb 16 Wanlin Li
Feb 23 Jason Steinberg
Mar 1 Brandon Alberts
Mar 8 Joseph Gunther
Mar 15 Megan Maguire
Mar 22 Spring Break, no talk
Mar 29 Jiuya Wang
Apr 5 Vlad Matei
Apr 12 Soumya Sankar
Apr 19 Solly Parenti
Apr 27 Zachary Charles
May 3 Daniel Ross

Megan Maguire (mmaguire2@math.wisc.edu)

Ryan Julian (mrjulian@math.wisc.edu)

Sean Rostami

The seminar webpage for last semester, Fall 2015, is here.

Return to the Number Theory Seminar Page

Return to the Algebra Group Page


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The \(\beta\)-transformation with a hole

Lyndsey Clark (University of Manchester)

Frank Adams Room 1, Alan Turing Building,

Let \(\beta \in (1, 2)\) and consider the \(\beta\)-transformation
\[T_\beta(x)=\beta x~ (\text{mod } 1).\]
Take some interval \((a, b) \subset [0, 1)\) and call this a hole. Then we study the set of points whose orbits do not fall into the hole:
\[\mathcal J_\beta (a,b) := \{ x \in (0,1) : T^n_\beta(x)\notin (a,b)\text{ for all }n\geq 0\}.\]
If the hole \((a, b)\) is large, then ‘most’ orbits should fall in and so \(\mathcal J_\beta (a,b)\) should be small, and vice versa. In this talk we will use symbolic dynamics and combinatorics on words to describe precisely the relationship between the hole \((a, b)\) and the size of \(\mathcal J_\beta (a,b)\).
Import this event to your Outlook calendar
▲ Up to the top


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everything will be alright

Ben Rector and I wrote this on my front porch one spring day in 2010. This one felt very indicative of the day. It was one of the first nice days we had had in awhile and everything was looking up. This tune went on to be included on Weights & Wings (which Ben lends his voice to as well) but this is the work tape from right after we had completed the song.

Every Wednesday, you'll receive rare versions of old favorites as well as unreleased songs and their backstories. If you haven't joined yet, sign up below.

Thanks for subscribing to #WertzInProgress! See you next week.


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Domestic Travel

Domestic air travel is dominated by the JAL Group and the ANA Group, which every include a number of airlines and serve over fifty airports across the country. Some airlines, like Air Nigeria , Dana Air, and Aero Air even enable on-line test-in for hand baggage prospects. Then monetary losses mounted, flights have been slashed and payments to everybody — workers, airports, oil firms, tax authorities and provident fund — stopped. IndiGo’s first A320neo has made an look on the opening day of the India Aviation airshow in Hyderabad. After Vistara and Air India, Jet Airways is the third airline which will perform its home operations from T2. Aero Air additionally has a cellular net app that allow travelers book and pay for flights with their cell phone.

All a buyer needs to do is to visit Air Nigeria web site at You can e book and pay (Naira only or Ghanaian Cedes) on your flight on-line on the Air Nigeria web site with InterSwitch, Visa or ETranzact playing cards. The Supeme Court at the moment asked the Centre to membership Shimla with the Northeastern (NE) states and Jammu and Kashmir to force airways to operate flights to the Himachal Pradesh capital. A month later, the same scene seems to be enjoying out at Mumbai airport, run by MIAL-GVK.

The Gulf airways collectively operate more international flights out of India than the country’s state-owned airline Air India Ltd. National service Air India introduced its summer time schedule on Tuesday with increased frequencies and new routes like a every day flight connecting Mumbai and Bhopal. India is certainly one of Etihad Airways’ key markets with one hundred seventy five scheduled passenger flights each week being operated throughout eleven cities from airline’s Abu Dhabi hub.

Total due from Airbus could possibly be around Rs 350 crore together with the accrued curiosity on the principal amount, sources in United Bank of India stated. Speaking on the sidelines of the India Aviation-2016 occasion here, he stated as many as 15 variations are being looked at with respect to the 5/20 rule. Thai AirAsia will begin day by day direct flights from the Southern metropolis of Kochi to Bangkok from May 17.

Police sources mentioned the directive was issued following a PIL filed by RTI activist Asad Patel, who claimed it was in opposition to the foundations to hold sharp objects contained in the domestic and worldwide airport premises. The bilateral agreement between India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to increase the number of flights between the two countries Tuesday came beneath the scanner of the Supreme Court, which sought to know which airlines were likely to profit from this pact.


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Where You Can Find Cheap Airline Tickets Online

Relevant p es that the airways and choose a place to make a latin retreat, maybe want the positioning airline tickets low-cost airfare discount airfare travel cheap airline. Don’t just start clicking away directly, you have to check out main websites for their gives on low-cost airline tickets to Europe. Chartered flights typically supply the bottom rates for reasonable airline tickets to Europe, as they only operate throughout certain times of the 12 months. If you are versatile together with your flying dates, you possibly can examine prices at occasions, that round whenever you need to go away.

Cheap world holiday journey tips and trip guide for south america, europe, middle east, world travel advice and airline tickets. Plus you’ll be able to spend you are money having fun with you’re trip extra totally relatively spending probably the most of it sitting on an expensive airline ticket to Europe. Vacation dirt cheap flights journey airline tickets tools filth low cost airline tickets, low cost tickets student airline fares – russia grime low-cost airline tickets, alitalia low-cost. You have to seek out out probably the most suitable provide so that you can save your cash on touring.

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According to the Star-Telegram, airline ticket gross sales should not as generous as these from previous years. There are alternative ways to e-book online Cheap Tickets All travelers ought to know certain important facets of the travel industry of how things work. Most people in search of tickets in the middle of the day, and costs will naturally wind up in paying greater airfare in evaluate to those who booked their airline tickets in late night time and early morning hours.

Many who thought they were getting right cheap airline tickets, but possibly you’ve purchased tickets on the mistaken time, and your flight tickets only labeled just within the applicable ticket worth. Most folks flying for leisure want cheap airline tickets, particularly for home flights. Cheap tickets info on airline ticket and duran duran ticket cheap tickets airline ticket live performance ticket occasion ticket low-cost ticket shakira concert ticket. There are a couple of ideas that it is best to comply with if you find yourself on a hunt for tickets.


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Betting on horses from a Keeneland bathroom? There's an app for that

October 06, 2011 12:38 PM

UPDATED October 06, 2011 12:52 PM

More Videos

  • Alabama Senate candidate Roy Moore rides horse to cast ballot

    Republican candidate for senate, Roy Moore, rode his horse, Sassy, to the polls on Dec. 12 to cast his ballot. “This is a very important race for our country, for our state, and for the future,” Moore said.


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company profile

Nurse Rosie Products

Category: Software - Communication/Connectivity

RosieConnect 2.0 from Nurse Rosie Products is the company’s most technologically-advanced medical device which transfers clinical data wirelessly into the patient’s Electronic Health Record, improving documentation accuracy and staff efficiency, and reducing hospital readmissions. Integrated with PointClickCare and MatrixCare, RosieConnect 2.0 features unlimited wireless connectivity options with multiple devices used at the point-of-care, including a bladder scanner, PT/INR and EKG testing, blood glucose monitoring, weight scales and a tympanic thermometer. Designed to meet the changing demands in long term post-acute care, the product is cloud-based, HIPAA compliant and as easy to use as a smartphone. Nurse Rosie Products offers 24/7 technical support, in addition to a loaner and replacement program.

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Key Staff

Rebekah Lingenfelser
Director of Marketing & Public Relations:

RosieConnect 2.0 debuts

Nurse Rosie Products has released RosieConnect 2.0, the company's HIPAA compliant, flagship patient monitoring system.


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Prior Chart
Chart In Focus

Unusual Stochastic Makes Good Oscillator

Chart In Focus
January 29, 2010

Have you ever noticed that during downtrends, prices will more often tend to close near the low of the daily range?  And during uptrends, the opposite seems to occur.  Years ago I wondered whether I could build an indicator that would quantify such behavior.  A few spreadsheet formulas later, I came up with the indicator in this week's chart.

I'll tell you how it is built, because it is pretty easy for you to replicate in almost any modern charting program, including some free web sites.  More on that below.  What I did was to take each day's closing price, and mathematically characterize it according to where it falls within each day's high-low range.  I expressed that on a scale from 0 to 100.

The raw daily values were pretty noisy, as you might imagine.  Prices can be up one day and down the next, hiding the true trend in a fuzzy jumble of up and down spikes.  Some smoothing was in order to try and distill the trend information hiding in the data.  I tried different periods for smoothing, and tried both simple and exponential moving averages.  I settled on a 10-day simple moving average because it seemed to work the best visually for giving good overbought and oversold readings, and just as importantly for withholding bad ones.

After congratulating myself for creating a wonderfully new and innovative indicator, I realized that the mathematical formulas involved are the same as for a stochastic oscillator, which most technical analysts already use and are familiar with.  Most people use a lookback period longer than 1 day, but the analysis of where a day's closing price falls within the range over a lookback period is the essence of what stochastic oscillators measure.

As mentioned above, you can create this indicator yourself for the XAU or any other price series.  In your charting program, create a stochastic oscillator, then specify 1 day as the "length" or lookback period, and 10 days as the setting for smoothing.  Here is the coding for Metastock users, courtesy of Greg Morris:

DR:=(C-LLV(L,1))/(HHV(H,1) - LLV(L,1));

For a 9-day, 14-day, or longer period stochastic, the 20 and 80 levels are usually used to mark high and low indicator extremes.  Those levels do not work on this very short term version.  I have found that 40 and 60 work well for that purpose.

For the latest posting, this indicator is showing a really nice oversold condition for the XAU.  The decline does not absolutely have to be over just because this or any indicator is oversold, but it does suggest that a bounce is imminent for gold stocks.

Tom McClellan
Editor, The McClellan Market Report

Jan 08, 2010
Enable Images to see this Chart
The One Real Fundamental Factor Driving Gold Prices
Nov 20, 2009
Enable Images to see this Chart
NDX A-D Oscillator
Dec 04, 2009
Enable Images to see this Chart
How Gold Forms Tops


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Home   Health Tips   Health Concerns    Site Index    Search    Glossary    Contact Us

Visit our Health Index for More Subjects, Conditions and Answers

Amino Acids and Neuropathy

Alpha Lipoic Acid & Acetyl L-Carnitine

Amino acids are the chemical units, or "building blocks" that make up protein. In its various forms protein participates in the vital chemical processes that sustain life.

Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) has been used to help with neuropathy. In fact, it is a powerful anti-oxidant which can help to protect the nerves so that no further damage is done. It does that, but for real help, Acetyl L-Carnitine has to be added.

Acetyl L-Carnitine improves the cells ability to produce energy; this allows the cells to do their jobs. But more energy creates more free-radicals. Adding Alpha Lipoic Acid to the Acetyl L-Carnitine handles these free radicals. The cell producing better, can now use cholesterol and B vitamins to repair the nerve cells.

These two supplements can allow faster results when taken along with the supplements that build healthy nerves. .See Nerve Health

Some remedies boast that they have R-alpha lipoic acid, the more natural kind. I would hope that they would use natural amino acids and not something made in a laboratory. Vitamins, minerals, amino acids that are made in a lab are not recognized by the body and not utilized properly.

But you also need Acetyl L-Carnitine along with the Alpha Lipoic Acid.  And in order to build healthy nerves, they need to be taken with a formula that was designed to build healthy nerves.

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Alpha Lipoic Acid & Acetyl L-Carnitine an excellent combo

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