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This file belongs to the TeX Gyre collection of fonts. The work is
released under the GUST Font License. See the MANIFEST-TeX-Gyre-Cursor.txt
and README-TeX-Gyre-Cursor.txt files for the details.
For the most recent version of this license see or

Ver 2.004: 30.10.2009
* malformed arrows corrected (thanks to Heiko Oberdiek)
* path directions in a few glyps corrected

Ver 2.003: 16.09.2009
* this is the first official release of the TeX Gyre Cursor fonts since
  June 22, 2009, when URW++, represented by Dr. Peter Rosenfeld, its
  Managing Director, kindly agreed to release the original 35 base
  PostScript fonts as shipped with Ghostscript ver. 4.00 under the LPPL
  (LaTeX Project Public License). This should be understood so that the
  35 base Postscript fonts may be used and developed either under the
  LPPL or one of the GPL (GNU Public Licence) or AFPL (Aladdin Free
  Public Licence). The latter were put in force with the initial release
  of the base fonts with Ghostscript ver. 4.00 in 1996. Hereby we thank
  Dr. Rosenfeld. The TeX Gyre fonts are being develped from the
  Ghostscript ver. 4.00 base. For reasons explained elsewhere, we prefer
  to provide our work under the GUST Font Licence (GFL) which is legally
  equivallent to the LPPL. However, since 1996 the 35 PostScript base
  fonts were enhanced under the GNU Public License with Vietnamese glyphs
  by Han The Thanh and Cyrillic glyphs by Valek Filippov. Han The Thanh
  kindly permitted his additions to be retained under under GFL/LPPL in
  this and future TeX Gyre fonts releases. Unfortunately, we were unable
  to receive a similar permission from Valek Filippov for his Cyrillic
  glyphs, thus there are no Cyrillic glyphs in any of the TeX Gyre fonts.
* with the removal of the Cyrillic glyphs all t2a-*.tfm, t2b-*.tfm
  t2c-*.tfm files and the relevant LaTeX *.fd files were also removed.
* typos in ligature schemes in `' corrected
  (`quotedblbase' and `quotedblleft' instead `quotedblright')
* horizontal size of the macron glyph increased
* OTF structure corrected and improved (in particular, the ligature ffi
  works now properly)
* `visiblespace' renamed to `uni2423' (suggestion of Werner Lemberg and
  Karl Berry) -- hopefully everywhere...
* `Dblgravecomb' renamed to `dblGravecomb'
* `nomero'  in MT1 sources renamed to `numero', shape altered,
  name `afii61352' no more used
* undertie added (suggestion of Werner Lemberg)
  U+203F -- undertie (smile-shaped glyph placed below baseline)
  U+2040 -- tie (frown-shaped glyph placed at the top line)
  U+2054 -- undertieinverted (frown-shaped glyph placed below baseline)
  nota bene, there is no code point in the Unicode table for the inverted tie...
* glyphs `acaron', `Acaron', `icaron', `Icaron', `idieresisacute',
  `Idieresisacute', `jcaron', `J_caron', `ocaron', `Ocaron', `ucaron',
  `Ucaron', `udieresisacute', `Udieresisacute', `udieresiscaron',
  `Udieresiscaron', `udieresisgrave', and `Udieresisgrave' added
  (proposal of Oliver Corff) -- all the glyphs but `J_caron' have code
  points in the Unicode table and names assigned in the Adobe Glyph List
  (incidentaly, in J_caron apostrophe is used alike in lcaron and tcaron --
  cf., small caps were assigned
  code points in Private Unicode Area
* glyps orogate and Orogate (`rogate' in Polish means `with horns')
  added -- they are used to denote nasal vowels in ancient Polish texts
  (ca. XIV century)
* uni2010 (hyphen duplicate) i uni2011 (non-breakable hyphen duplicate) added
  (suggestion of Hans Hagen)
* LaTeX *.sty and *.fd files reworked:
  -- files l7x*.fd (Lithuanian) refer to `L7x', as they should,
  -- scheme of referring to slanted variants improved,
  -- option `scaled=<size>' added which allows to rescale font
     at loading,
  -- in TeX Gyre LaTeX packages, text bold is defined as
     \renewcommand\bfdefault{b} (`b' instead of `bx')
  -- options `matchlowercase'/`matchuppercase' added which scale
     the font such that its `x_height'/`cap_height' matches
     the respective dimension of the main font of the document;
     one can say also, e.g., `matchlowercase=1.1' if scaling to 110%
     of the `x_height' of the main font of the document is needed;
     sample usage:
         We put TG Termes (main) with \textsf{TG Heros} and
         {\fontfamily{qag}\selectfont TG Adventor}. \textsf{As~a~result},
         all small letters have the same heights.
  (note that now TeX Gyre LaTeX styles require the `kvoptions' module
  which, in turn, necessitates using etex)
  very many thanks to Marcin Woli\'nski

* we are not going to introduce any extensions that would result
  in yet more TFMs files (e.g., for more convenient handling
  of oldstyle/normal digits) -- in such cases we suggest using
  the OTF fonts versions
* improving hints is a kind of Sisyphean job -- there are no tools
  for automatic hinting checking; the only method is to check
  optically/manually each and every character with various display
  agents, on various screens under various operating systems and various
  resolutions. We are not totally opposing Sisyphean jobs in general,
  but having had that much time as we had, we decided to spend it on
  other improvements...

Ver. 1.103: 22.02.2008
* math glyphs shifted horizontally (widths left intact)
* in the OTF files, the features `salt', `ss01', `ss02',
  `ss03', `ss04' added

Ver. 1.102: 19.02.2008 -- inofficial release
* compatibility with the recent Latin Modern release (1.106) implemented,
  see --
  main changes: the repertoire of glyphs extended by Arabic transliteration
  glyphs, OTF structure modified (`size' feature implemented, the ligatures
  `i_j' and `I_J' available only for Dutch, the ligature `f_k' -- for Polish,
  the `locl' feature reimplemented -- an artificial glyph `i.TRK' is no
  longer needed)
* glyphs uni03C6 and uni03D5 used to be interchanged in all TeX Gyre fonts;
  the unicode specification is not explicit too much:
  but FileFormat.Info is:
  (spotted by Michael Zedler, thanks)

Ver. 1.099: 30.01.2008 -- unpublished
* the ligature i_j reprogrammed (the letters are joined, like in f_i and f_l)
* CS, QX and RM encodings based on the Computer Roman typewriter
  (files: q-csm.enc, q-csm-sc.enc, q-qxm.enc, q-qxm-sc.enc, q-rmm.enc,
* `copyright.alt' added

Ver. 1.010, 12.09.2007:
* widths of trademark and servicemark corrected for the oblique variants;
  ij, IJ and constructed from scratch (width=600);
  now, the widths of the TeX Gyre Cursor glyphs are consistent
  with the relevant Adobe metric data (for the glyphs from
  the Adobe Standard Encoding):

Ver. 1.002, 10.09.2007:
* width of fraction.alt set to 0

Ver. 1.001, 06.09.2007:
* internal comments corrected

Ver. 1.000, 04.09.2007:
* stiff space used (like in lmtt*)

Ver. 0.999, 27.08.2007:
* first public release


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GW Women's Soccer Falls to Georgetown, 2-0, in Season Opener

Junior Nicole Ulrick set aside five shots in goal for the Colonials on Friday.

Aug. 17, 2012

Box Score |  Photo Gallery

WASHINGTON - Georgetown netted two second-half goals and the George Washington women's soccer team could not answer, as the Colonials fell to the host Hoyas, 2-0, in their season opener on Friday afternoon at North Kehoe Field.

Despite heading into halftime with the score knotted at 0-0, Georgetown (1-0) out-shot GW, 7-3, in the second period and used its two-goal lead to seal the victory. Senior Adriana Moya registered a shot on goal for the Colonials (0-1), but the Hoyas' Emma Newins denied every attempt that came her way.

The Buff and Blue were competing for the first time under first-year head coach Sarah Barnes as the crosstown rivals took to the pitch for the third straight season opener.

"We worked hard today to press and force turnovers, which was great to see," said Barnes. "The ability to possess the ball will be an emphasis in training going forward. Playing a team like Georgetown this early is a great opportunity for us to grow and develop."

Georgetown scored 10:17 into the second half when Daphne Corboz tapped the ball into the top of the box to Jessica Clinton, who then found an open Colleen Dinn, who sank the ball in the lower left corner of the net. The Hoyas extended the lead to 2-0 just over nine minutes later when Marina Paul one-timed a pass from Dinn in the box following a cross pass from the far right post.

GW recorded three shots in the second half and five for the contest, but Georgetown's 18-5 shot advantage and 14-0 margin in corner kicks proved to be the decider.

Junior Nicole Ulrick made five stops between the pipes in 40:33 of work in her third career start, while freshman Nicole Fasano set aside one shot and allowed two goals in her collegiate debut.

The Colonials look to bounce back when they travel to local rival George Mason on Friday, Aug. 24. Action is set for 7 p.m.

More Headlines

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A Letter from our President...

Connor Johnson, Beta Mu Chapter 2017

Hello! On behalf of the Beta Mu Chapter of Alpha Kappa Psi, I am pleased to welcome you to our website. As you’ll soon see, there’s a lot to learn about our organization.

All Brothers know our tagline: “Shaping People, Shaping Business.” As the world’s oldest and largest co-ed professional business fraternity, everything we do is in pursuit of this goal. My name is Connor Johnson, and I am the President of the Beta Mu chapter here at the George Washington University. Soon to be reaching my two-year anniversary as a member of this chapter, I can vouch for the fraternity as a truly unique student organization. Joining Beta Mu was and still is by far the best decision I have made in my college career.

Alpha Kappa Psi is devoted to the ideals of Brotherhood, Knowledge, Integrity, Service, and Unity. All our actions, whether they be in the professional or social sphere, are guided by these ideals. This foundation allows us to further our understanding of the world of business. We actively seek out challenges that push us to our limits in order to grow personally and professionally. Our chapter has struck the perfect balance between these two areas, and that balance is what has allowed us to become the premier business fraternity in the George Washington University community.

Hailing from all corners of the globe, Alpha Kappa Psi Brothers are united by the common goal of learning and developing into the business and social leaders of tomorrow.  With some of the most genuine and ambitious people I have ever met, our potential is limitless.

So please, take this opportunity to explore what our chapter has to offer. You may be the next in the line of thousands of Brothers who have realized their potential through Alpha Kappa Psi.

Connor Johnson

President, Beta Mu Chapter of Alpha Kappa Psi, 2016-2017

Find out more about what Alpha Kappa Psi stands for.

Learn More →

Alpha Kappa Psi is open to students of all majors from The George Washington University.  Join the Brotherhood.

Find Out How →


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Best Happy New Year 2018 Wishes | New Year Wishes For Friends

Are you searching for New Year 2018 Wishes? Here we have the best collection of wishes for Best Happy New Year 2018 Wishes.New Year is coming soon and it's the time to celebrate and wish your friends and loved ones.Be that as it may, as everything has an end the excellent 2018 is arriving at an end we know it is significant harming as there were numerous wonderful minutes yet we should likewise welcome the New Year 2018 Wishes as we trust this year too will be an astonishing one. I am truly energized as the New Year is drawing nearer and I generously welcome 2018. Not just me all individuals over the globe are sitting tight for the New Year the same number of having arranged numerous things on the eve of New Year. In spite of the fact that it will be significant harming as 2018 will abandon us yet we should straightforwardly welcome 2018 as it may accompany considerably more satisfaction. Presently how about we look at a portion of the ordinary things which all do on New Year.

Happy New Year 2018 Wishes:

New Year 2018 Wishes

Happy New Year 2018 Image
Best New Year Wishes

Best New Year 2018 Wishes:

You Bring Out The Best In Us ! We’Re So Lucky To Have A Boss As Wonderful As You ! Here’S Wishing You A Day That’S As Special As You Are ! Happy New Year.
This Jubilant New Year Marks A Fresh New Start Of Brighter And More Exciting Journeys I Wish You Will Have The Most Enjoyable Ride Ever.
 Happy New Year 2018 Wishes:
Beginning A New Year With A Good Guide On Our Side The Star Of Jesus Which Shows Us Safe Roads Fills Our Heart With His Grace. Best Wishes For The New Year.
May This New Year Being Many Opportunities Your Way, To Explore Every Joy Of Life & Turing All Dreams Into Reality & All Your Efforts Into Great Achievements.
New Year 2018 Wishes:
Oh My Dear, Forget Your Fear, Let All Ur Dreams Be Clear, Never Put Tears, Please Hear, I Want To Tell One Thing In Your Ear, Wishing You Avery Happy New Year.
Don't Let Your Pas Rob Your Future. Each New Day Is A Chance To Make A New Beginning, So Count Your Blessings, Love With Gratitude And Love With All Your Heart.
We Will Open The Book, His Pages Are Blank. We Are Going To Put Words On Them Ourselves. The Book Is Called Opportunity And Its First Chapter Is New Year’S Day.Happy New Year 2018 Wishes.

Happy New Year Wishes For Loved Ones:

There are many reasons to celebrate the new year but the most important among all is to improve our lives, happy new year.
I want for you and your family a wonderful new year, let’s start this year with much happiness and finally culminate smiling joy.
Happy New Year 2018 Wishes:
I wish you a happy new year, it is a genuine desire for a friend who wants the best for you, have fun and enjoy it very much.
Dear friend, I want for you with all my heart a happy new year, I have the certainty This year a love come into your life and you will have much happiness.
 Happy New Year 2018 Wishes:
If You Asked Me For My New Year Resolution, It Would Be To Find Out Who I Am.
Old Things Are Passed Away, Behold, All Things Are Become New. Happy New Year 2018 Wishes.
This Year Believe In Yourself And Achieve Everything You Deserve. Happy New Year.
Wishing You A New Year, Bursting With Joy, Roaring With Laughter And Full Of Fun.
Wish Joys And Happiness On This New Year Balloon In Your Life As Flowers In A Garden.

New Year Wishes For Friends:

The start of every year takes you a step closer to the attainment of your dreams. Hope this year is the breakthrough one and your dreams finally turn into reality.
May this New Year equip you with good luck, good health, good fortune and good times! Happy New Year! I hope that the lamps of joy lighten up your year, fill your days with sparkles of joy, and brighten up your life forever and ever.
May all the goals that you have set for yourself in the near future attain success in the upcoming year itself! Nights will be dark but days will be light, wish your life to be always bright – Happy New Year.
Let us look back at the past year with the warmest of memories. Happy New Year! May you reach the pinnacle of success and the zenith of glory – Happy New Year!
Happy New Year 2018 Wishes:
May you dedicate the New Year to humanity and the betterment of the world at large. Set it in your heart that each day of the New Year would keep getting better and better for you.
One more year loaded with sweet recollections and cheerful times has passed. You have made my year exceptionally uncommon, and I wish this continues forever. With you around, each minute is a unique event for me. I wish you to have a year as incredible as you are.
Just like a new bloom spreads fragrance around, let the New Year also fill you with happiness! Let the old year-end and the New Year begin with the warmest of aspirations. Happy New Year!
You have overcome yet another year. With every oncoming year, come greater obstacles in life. So be brave and I hope you overcome all the struggles that life presents you with. Stay strong!
Counting my blessing and greeting you more. I wish you enjoy this New Year and it doesn’t make you bore. As we take a step further in life, hope love and happiness is all that God pours!
May you have a wonderful new year! May your New Year be spent in pomp and splendorous and the upcoming year in love and peace! Happy New Year!
I wish this New Year provides you enough reasons to be happy and you have uncountable days filled with joy and mirth!
 Happy New Year Wishes 2018:
Time is like a water body that is always potent with current, no water passes beneath one’s feet two times, just like the sea, moments don’t pass you by again, so cherish every moment that life introduces to you and have a happiest New Year.

Funny New Year Wishes 2018:

I wish you to have magical Mondays, terrific Tuesdays, warm Wednesdays, thrilling Thursdays, fun-filled Fridays, sweetest Saturdays and special Sundays this year. Experience a great new year. Much love!
To put an end to something old, we have to start a thing new, wishing you with a joy-filled heart though the words here are few. A very happy new year!
This new year, view the world with a positive outlook, speak your heart out with confidence, listen to others as well as your inner voice and you will be on the correct road in the correct direction.
Life is an accessible diary filled with empty pages waiting for you. Fill them up with your story as you go. May all the expectations and goals for each day be fulfilled on the day itself!
Let this New Year give you all the strength and courage to win over your vices and enhance your virtues. Wish you have a year even better than the best and put smiles on the faces of everyone you come across
Have a year as fragrant as roses, as brilliant as the sun, as colorful as the rainbow and as cheerful as the lark. Happy New Year! Open your eyes, look at the bright day awaiting you, forget all bad dreams and start afresh. Wishing you a wonderful New Year!
Beauty, hopes, dreams, trust, faith, celebration, freshness… This is the starting of a New Year!
 When the New Year arrives, it brings with it new ideas and ways to make our lives good to better and ultimately better to best.
My New Year’s resolution is to avoid meeting people who ask me about my New Year resolutions. A promising and a fulfilling new year is waiting just for you. Open your arms and behold it with grace and mirth. Hope you have a prosperous one.

Happy New Year Wishes for Boyfriend:

May your New Year be marked with adoration, happiness and good cheer. You have touched my life in many ways, and I am grateful. Happy New Year, my love.
This New Year, my wish for you is to rediscover your inner strength and emerge as the brave and strong soul that I have loved all these years. A peaceful and joyful New Year to you.
Ours has been a bumpy ride, but you made it worth all the trouble. Happy New Year!
On this New Year’s Eve, my wish is for us to see the astonishing future that is in store. Let us relish our moments together and make every moment worth living. Happy New Year, dearest love.Happy New Year 2018 Wishes.
May the coming year turn out brighter than the one gone by. May we be blessed with goodness and wellbeing, happiness and harmony as we chart the course of our future. Cheers for a New Year filled with joyful moments.
You have brought so much joy to my life. I hope you have a joyful New Year surrounded by family.
Friend, lover, confidante: You are all these to me. I wish for you to receive all the love you have shown me. Happy New Year.
Happy New Year 2018 Wishes:
I’m counting my blessings and I had to count you in several times for all the support you have given me this past year. Hope the New Year brings you many welcome surprises. Have a joyous New Year, my love.

New Year Wishes For Girlfriend:

My love for you would grow each passing year for you shall remain by my side year after year.
A candle may melt and its fire may cease, but my love and passion will always be burning steady for you — New Year and always.Happy New Year 2018 Wishes.
New Year may bring loads of new beginnings in peoples’ lives. But as far as I am concerned I want our love to remain just as is – for you my dear girl have already made it simply perfect.
Happy New Year 2018 Wishes:
I wish your New Year to be as special as you are, your experiences as rare as our sound understanding, your faith as strong as our bond of love, and your emotions as precious as our moments of togetherness.
This New Year I would always want you to be beside me for simply seeing you makes my days seem happier and brighter, talking to you makes my heart lighter, and holding your hands make me feel stronger.Happy New Year Wishes 2018.
I wish that you never feel lonely this New Year for you should have known by now that wherever we are, you are always with me in my thoughts.
 Happy New Year 2018 Wishes:
This New Year I cannot promise to ward off all the woes that life may send your way. But I promise to be by your side always and share them all with you.
This New Year I want you to know that my love for you is as important to me as air for breathing, water for fish or sunlight for plants.
Hope you like Best Happy New Year 2018 Wishes | New Year Wishes For Friends.Now wish your friends.
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What to book: Schizophrenogenesis by Damien Hirst

Don’t miss the artist’s new autumn show

Photographed by Prudence Cuming Associates, courtesy Paul Stolper Gallery © Damien Hirst and Other Criteria, All rights reserved, DACS 2014

Ahead of the opening of his own museum in 2015, Damien Hirst will be showing a new body of works at the Paul Stolper Gallery this autumn. The exhibition will feature prints and sculptures, extending Hirst’s life-long investigation into – and fascination with – pharmaceuticals.
"Pills are a brilliant little form, better than any minimalist art,” said Hirst of his theme. “They're all designed to make you buy them… they come out of flowers, plants, things from the ground, and they make you feel good, you know, to have a pill, to feel beauty." The works on display will play with scale, featuring sculptures of medicine bottles, syringes and scalpels that reach 1.5 metres in height, to create an unsettling Alice in Wonderland-esque environment which questions our unwavering belief in modern medicine.
Schizophrenogenesis by Damien Hirst, 9 October - 15 November, Paul Stolper Gallery, 31 Museum Street, London, WC1

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Jerry Hall and Jason Bell team up for charity auction
What to book: Polke at the Tate Modern
Pre-Raphaelite gems return to London

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MP looks forward to his 2013 Volunteer Week.

Spread the news!

The MP for Harrogate and Knaresborough, Andrew Jones, will commence his third annual Volunteer Week on 23 September 2013 following the success of his three previous volunteer weeks.

Andrew spent six days volunteering at various organisations in 2010, 2011 and 2012 to encourage more people to offer their time to charities in the area and he will be doing it all again, with a new set of charities and organisations between the 23 September and the 28 September.

He will start the week at the Harrogate Easier Living Project (HELP) which helps elderly and disabled people with DIY on Monday 23 September. Andrew will be working with the HELP at Home team doing repairs on one of HELP at Home’s client’s properties.

For the rest of the week Andrew will be helping man a stall in aid of the Yorkshire Air Ambulance at the Nidderdale Show, baking scones at Dr B’s restaurant on Knaresborough Road, promoting fitness for older people at Grosvenor House Nursing Home, helping support former addicts back into work, helping out at Henshaws, working at the Mayor of Knaresborough’s charity tea party and helping at the Child Contact Centre supporting separated families.

On the Tuesday of volunteer week Andrew is asking the public to become part of his Volunteer Week in a spring clean of Harrogate. Andrew’s team will be leading a litter pick, graffiti blitz and roadsign cleaning expedition around Harrogate to give the town a real spring clean.

The public can help in two ways:

  • By volunteering to help by emailing andrew.jones.mp@parliament.uk or calling 01423 529614. All equipment will be supplied.
  • By letting Andrew know of any litter hotpsots, graffiti on public property or dirty road signs.
Andrew Jones
Andrew Jones MP

Andrew Jones said:

This is a really important week because it gives me a chance to promote the value of volunteering in the community.

Voluntary work benefits the organisation where the volunteer works and also the volunteer themselves.

Volunteers acquire new skills, make new friends and help keep our community vibrant and healthy.

And this Volunteer Week is different because I want to include the public. Tuesday 24 September is the day we are going to spring clean Harrogate. The Council do a great job with limited resources but they can’t always reach those areas with recurrent litter or graffiti problems. So I want a team of volunteers to give them a hand and do a couple of hours work to spruce up our area.

Andrew will be keeping a blog during the week so people can see what he has been doing in real-time and learn more about the charity or organisation for which he has been volunteering.

To read the blog visit: www.volunteerweek2013.wordpress.com

Spread the news!

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Etiam pulvinar consectetur dolor sed malesuada. Ut convallis euismod dolor nec pretium. Nunc ut tristique massa.

Nam sodales mi vitae dolor ullamcorper et vulputate enim accumsan. Morbi orci magna, tincidunt vitae molestie nec, molestie at mi. Nulla nulla lorem, suscipit in posuere in, interdum non magna.

Care ethics & feminism

Consider feminism and the application of care ethics to purely human ethical issues. There are related to certain environmental and animal rights ethical concerns (e.g. eco-feminism) and hence to issues I am interested in but I will not discuss such things here – they are more related in any event to feminist critiques of male hierarchy.   From an initial position of cynicism I have come to respect some of the feminist work on care ethics – particularly that due to Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings.

Basically care ethics sees traditional ethics as male-dominated and substitutes for this an alternative female waysof thinking with an emphasis on relationships, on using emotions and on paying attention to the particulars of ethical situations. The following are some rough notes I needed for a class I will soon give. They are largely based on the excellent Ethics for Dummies by C. Panzar & A. Potthast and this wikipedia entry on care ethics.  A useful additional reading was Grimshaw (1991). My preliminary conclusion is an obvious one:  A decent approach to ethics does require thinking about gender differences in making ethical judgements. I am a bit uncertain, however, whether care ethics delivers the goods in that regard or whether it inadvertently, in fact, reinforces sexist prejudice. I welcome comments  on these notes – the treatment is elementary stuff since I have not read much in this area.

Feminism  is concerned with male biases that cause the political, economic and social marginalisation of women’s views.  Feminism seeks to correct such biases by seeking greater equality between men and women in terms of such things as home duties and participation in the paid workforce.  In terms of ethics the different life experiences of men and women create different ways of thinking.  However since men did most writing on ethics it was their views that have come to be seen as the set of ethical theories.

The psychologist Kohlberg (1927-1987) argued that people’s ethics develop to maturity in stages.  In the pre-conventional stage he saw ethics are based mainly on selfishness. Children begin behaving ethically on the basis of receiving rewards and avoiding punishments.  They then move toward egoistic exchange relationship phase where they see that self-interest can be advanced within relationships.  Children behave quasi-altruistically on the basis of self-interest.  In the conventional stage children move towards genuine care for others.  They foster good interpersonal relationships and move to considering ethics as a way of sustaining laws and regulations that preserve cohesiveness in groups and society.   Breaking laws is then the primary instance of ethical behaviour.  The post-conventional stage sees ethics as duties based on abstract rules than transcend culture and historical circumstance.   In the post-conventional stage people initially think of rules as part of the social contract that reflects majority agreement but, finally, in the sixth stage it is thinking which defines ethics.  Here one distances oneself from relationships, individual needs and culture in order to assess how universal laws determine human rights in various situations.   This last stage reflects much traditional ethics: Kant emphasised reason, Mill impartiality and the social contracts idea was developed by Hobbes and Rawls. Whatever the emphasis here, behaviour that accords with such rules is ethical.  Kohlberg’s ethical maturity model is schematized in Table 1.

Stage 1: Obedience to authority.

Stage 2: Nice behaviour in exchange for future favours.

Stage 3: Live up to other’s expectations.

Stage 4: Follow rules to maintain social order.

Stage 5: Adhere to valid social contracts.

Stage 6: Personal moral system based on abstract principles.

Table 1: Kohlberg’s ethical maturity model.

Feminists call the final stage of Kohlberg’s scale the justice perspective.  It emphasises justice with related traits of universality and impartiality.  All relative and situation-specific norms are put to one side and thinking is cast in terms of abstractly portrayed “human beings” or “rational agents”.

Carol Gilligan (a student of Kohlberg) disputed Kohlberg’s approach.  In Gilligan (1982, 2008) she claimed Kohlberg’s work showed male bias and hence that it marginalised female thinking.  She claimed women form attachments faster and are partial to those people close to them. They use emotions such as empathy and sympathy in their reasoning and were hesitant to apply abstract moral principles to particular relationships when making ethical judgements.  Men, alternatively, emphasised autonomy and impartiality in their reasoning, were less likely to care and more likely to think in terms of impartial rules applied to everyone equally.  Indeed men see feelings as an obstacle to clear thinking and hence tended to discount them.

These views might reflect nature so women are more caring because in evolutionary biology terms they care for children whereas men are hunters and gatherers.  Abstract thinking doesn’t help much with child rearing and caring doesn’t help you hunt!  They might also reflect nurture and the way men and women are socialised into different roles.

Kohlberg in placing abstract reasoning at the top of the ethical scale and care-based reasoning lower down is imposing a male bias.  While Kohlberg showed experimentally that girls tended to get stuck in Stages 3 and 4 in Table 1 whereas boys fell in stages 5 and 6.  But this was not simply delivered as a descriptive observation.  Instead the data was used to suggest the ethical reasoning of boys was superior to that of girls.  Indeed this view reflected a widespread male assumption that women are not good at handling complex moral situations because they become emotionally involved.

As Gilligan argues this is bias because it reflects only a male perspective of how things are not how, in fact, they are.  It implies, moreover, that for women to be ethical they must think like a man.  Hence an independent and complementary women’s ethics also needs to be developed.

Care Ethics focuses on the protection of close relationships.  It was originally developed for relationships between people. It has recently  been extended to include care for animals and the environment but I do not discuss these approaches here. Nell Noddings (1984) argues that a caring person should feel a desire or inclination towards another specific person that reflects a felt regard for their interests.  That felt regard should be experienced as a burdening.

Care ethics stresses the importance of feelings and emotions, such as empathy and sympathy, with a focus on the particular rather than general features of moral situations.   What matters is how people respond to others with whom they have close relationships.

It is claimed men see the self in terms of an atomic model in which each self is independent/autonomous but which can on a discretionary basis enter into relationships.  Women alternatively see the self as intrinsically connected to others via a relational view of selfhood so  self involves an inevitable connection to other selves.  Hence ethics involves primarily protecting interpersonal relations and responding appropriately to the needs of those close.

This response is not to treat ethical situations as puzzles but as the need to make an emotional investment in empathy.  Detached reasoning and ethical rules are part of care ethics but the main issue is empathetic connection.  Thus in a family dispute the important thing is not justice but damaged relationships.  Here there is partiality rather than impartiality because ethical obligations are greater to those in a close relationship.  Consider the  hypothetical:

Drowning mother and stranger.  Your mother and a stranger are drowning but you only have the time to save one of them.  A utilitarian should ignore their relationship with their mother and act impartially to maximise the social advantage.  A Kantian would likewise act impartially and think about a maxim such as ‘life is precious”.  A care ethicist would emphasise your obligations to your mother and save her an action that would accord with most people’s intuition.

Care ethics thus wants to make ethics non-abstract – it is particularistic.

The three substantial criticisms of care ethics ask:

How does it deal with public policy issues? Public policy involves ethical concerns among people not involved in close relationships. Nepotism does not seem generally attractive as an ethic ensuring justice. Some care ethicists agree these ethics are only useful in the private sphere of life. Others argue nepotism should be avoided because it is not doing those close to you a favour.  That can be disputed. It certainly seems to stretch things a bit.  Feminist care ethics is not an exclusive ethics since male ethics also matter. Perhaps there is a natural allocation of ethical concerns here that reflects gender.

Do all relationships deserve care?   Should relationships with people who are abusive or evil be maintained?  This would seem counterintuitive.   Care theorists respond that sometimes care involves “tough love” particularly if this will induce a change in behaviour.  In extreme cases it might make sense to end a relationship to protect your caring self although extricating oneself from a relationship should involve care.  My guess is that you don’t need to be mindlessly caring and must consider your own welfare.

Does care ethics damage women?  Care ethics can be rejected as anti-feminist because it might be seen as reinforcing sexist prejudices against women that they are emotional, that they  deserve marginalisation and hence to being assigned to traditional roles.   In fact women have heterogeneous ethics and accepting care ethics suppresses this somewhat. If feminists do assume that care ethics are due to nurture then this straightjacketing is not inevitable since the nurturing can be changed.  In particular it is not necessarily true that all women should be coerced into caring roles or, indeed, that men should not occupy such roles.

Despite this criticisms the development of care ethics does provide a convincing argument that male dominated views of ethics will distort sensible ethical judgements.  Care ethics has immediate practicality and does reflect some experimentally observed gender differences.

C. Gilligan, In a Different Voice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1982.

C. Gilligan, “Moral Orientation and Moral Development”, in A. Bailey & C. J. Cuomo (eds) The Feminist Philosophy Reader, McGraw Hill, Boston, 2008.

J. Grimshaw, “The Idea of a Female Ethic” in P. Singer (ed)  A Companion to Ethics, Blackwell, 1991,  Chapter 43.

N. Noddings, Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education, 1984.

8 comments to Care ethics & feminism

  • conrad

    a) I’m not sure anyone takes Kohlberg’s stages too seriously, although actually delineating potential types of ways one can think about morals is nice.
    b) A lot of this idea about male-bias seems to be based on the rather poor assumption that males and females have especially different value sets for many things. There may be slightly shifted distributions for some particular issues (e.g., abortion), but in terms of higher level thought on moral issues and lower level implict behaviour (e.g., some aspects of empathy), my reading of stuff is that there’s really not much difference between the sexes. Part of the problem is people (generally psychologists who have a very poor grasp of statistics) always want to find differences as it’s a “wow” find, rather than report than 98% of the distribution is overlapped (or whatever it is on each aspect of moral thought under investigation). It’s a bit like crime. You can always find differences between males and females, but almost all of the population isn’t doing any. So it looks like a big gender difference (and it is in terms of the people doing it), but it really isn’t if you consider all people.
    c) If you’re interested in concrete things like whether there are gender biases in the workplace or things like that, they are easy to find, and I assume you know many of them (cf., moral issues, general aspects of low-level human behavior). Investigating whether there are things like gender biases in payment of care workers or whether they get payed poorly for other reason I would see as worthwhile.

  • hc

    “in terms of higher level thought on moral issues and lower level implict behaviour (e.g., some aspects of empathy), my reading of stuff is that there’s really not much difference between the sexes”.

    I don’t have background in this area but Kohlberg got his insights by studying actual data. Do you have a specific reference that refutes this?

  • conrad

    Do you mean stuff on gender differences? Kohlberg is really like a historical reference now, not really where modern thought is at (a bit like Piaget, Skinner and all the old psychology people — worth knowing about as the bases of where more modern ideas have come from)

    If you mean gender differences, then this person has a whole book on why the neuroscience and some other psychology findings are vastly over hyped, although I don’t remember much on morals (I think it is “Delusions of Gender”). She gives good talks to. This is a worthwhile book because so much detritus comes out of this area on this issue.

    I also think it’s fair to say that most of the time, gender differences are not even examined in morals now, because the differences on most things are so small. I read some of this literature (I have a PhD student looking at altruism), and I read some of the stuff on really young kids as I intend to do a bit of work in that area if I get some time (probably not!).

    You can also just look for yourself on the major issues you are interested in where surveying has been done — attitudes to environment, animal welfare etc. . There’s none you’ll find where there are major gender differences as far as I’m aware. So if all of the surveying on the major moral issues of our day arn’t showing any thrilling differences, that’s really telling us something about what differences there really are (or arn’t).

  • Jim Rose

    Bryan Caplan wrote a nice paper on personality traits and labour market outcomes using Myers Briggs and other measures. He argued that preferences are quite stable by the age of 30, they are far from identical and have proven predictive power for interesting variables

    Women are more agreeable and have different ratings on thinking-feeling according to personality tests. This influences occupational choices.

    boys are known to perform worse than girls on many non-cognitive dimensions such as is shown in recent books and papers sharing the title “The trouble with boys”.

    about 60% of graduates being women says something is going on.

  • conrad

    Jim, you need to take about saying there is a difference, versus saying there is a meaningful difference (a bad habit of psychology people who are always looking for differences). For example, a quick search on agreeableness shows this sort of finding: from the people that thought of that personality scale. These are also for personality traits, not moral judgments.

  • Jim Rose

    the evidence is growing that men will be the weaker sex of the 21st century. good for cannon fodder and little else.

  • Jim Rose

    conrad, I should add that that Popper and Koopman and many others point out that measurement is always theory-based.

    a theory tells you where to look, what you are looking for and when you have found it.

  • Kenneth Black

    While some women oppose the ethic of care, for fear that it paints women with a particular brush, it should be celebrated that the ability of women to care, the talent of caring, is the focal point here. The male perspective aside, there are legitimate signs that point to the female gender as being more of the caretaker. There are rewards for caring, that come forth with ethical behavior, coupled with genuine caring for others. Kohlberg’s theory may be geared toward the male behavior, but Gilligan had a legitimate reason for researching and giving a dedicated look to how women behave in similar circumstances (pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional). I believe people of either gender could stand to maximize ethical behavior with an element of care.

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Agritourism in the Catskills @I_LOVE_NY

When booking your next family holiday, perhaps you would like to try something a little different, more hands on, and that will bring you closer as a family while learning fun and useful things. Agritourism is growing in both popularity and availability- it is not only an educational experience, but a truly unique and interesting one that the whole family can enjoy.

Hull-o Farm

For many, farming was the way our ancestors made a living, and there are still quite a few Americans today who farm full time. Family farms, however, are fast going the way of horse drawn carriages and mechanical watches- it gets harder every year for small, family owned farms to make a living while large brand owned businesses are in the game and making regulations difficult. Enter agritourism. Not only does this allow family farms to stay afloat, but also gives today’s families and children who often have zero idea what manual and physical labor is, insight to the inner workings of farm life, days gone by, rural living, and a whole day being outside- without a video game in sight.

Hull-o Farm

We recently took such a trip to Hull-O Farms in the Catskills of upstate NY. This is not a petting zoo- you can actually take part in farm chores. You will learn to milk a cow, feed the chickens, find the eggs from the coop, bottle feed baby goats, and more. Your family stays right on site on farm property, eating with the other guests in the large kitchen food prepared by Mrs. Hull herself (many recipes honed after being handed down for generations) and often grown on the farm. The family is the 6th generation of farmers who have lived on the property. Mr. Hull (AKA “Farmer Frank”) was born in a room right off the kitchen. Mrs. Hull prides herself on her pancakes, and with good reason. She has produced a cookbook, sharing some of her secrets with guest (though she refuses to share her pancake recipe) and Farmer Frank has spent years perfecting his sausage patties- yes, made from his own product. You know where your food comes from at Hull-O farms.

Hull-o Farm

We spent quite a bit of time with Farmer George, not an owner of the property but a hired hand. His patience with the children and guidance as we learned techniques were greatly appreciated, as we “city folk” had never fed baby goats before and had not cast a fishing line in a very long time. My son, being only 5, had done few of the farm chores in his short lifetime and was thus slow and clumsy (being only a young child). George never lost patience and was calm and gentle with him, letting him make mistakes and explaining methods, oftentimes more then once. He learned many things while on the farm, from the right way to hold a bottle, to how to feed pigs, where eggs come from (he never believed me) and why they are white or brown, and more. My son was enthralled with the experience we had at the farm, asking as we left (and many times since coming home) when we can return.

Hull-o Farm

We also had some downtime from farm chores, and were able to go fishing with Farmer George, participate in a sunset sing-a-long and s’mores roast with the other guests and a lovely local guitar playing musician named Greg Stewart, and met some animal friends as well. A large white turkey (Frick, of the pair “Frick and Frack”) as well as a fluffy gray and white cat my son decided was named “Furry” followed him everywhere we went- doing chores, getting lunch, and even tried to go to the s’mores roast with us. We had to bring the turkey back across the street to the main farm, with Darlene (who works on the farm and is one of the kindest people I have ever met) keeping him and the cat company until they could get them back into the barn for their own safety.

Hull-o Farm

Giving your children the experience of being out doors, working with and having hands-on time with animals and farm chores, is a wonderful one and something many of us lack today- time in nature. Being able to look out your window and see cows grazing is a treat for any child not used to it- and I must admit, for parents, as well.

For more information or to book a trip, go to or call (518) 239-6950

  1. Michelle C says:

    What fun for kids that are not familiar with that lifestyle. Looks like a great day.

  2. Oh, now that is cool! We live in the country vs the city… so not sure what my kids would think of a vacation like that, LOL. But that is pretty neat!! We have been to a dairy farm before so the kids could see how a cow is milked, and we have our own chickens so they have experience collecting eggs. But that just looks relaxing 🙂

  3. Tara Todd says:

    This is awesome! I have always wanted my kids to experience a farm but we have not had the chance to do so! I bet they loved it from these beautiful pictures!! Why do they have the tires laid out? Is that some kind of play area or food containers?

  4. This looks like a great place to go see where our food comes from! Love exposing our city kids to farm life! Great experience!

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King vaults to new heights at Berea

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College Update-Alexa King

By Greg Woods

Alexa King, a 2010 graduate of Henry County High School, will be a senior at Berea College this fall. King is a pole vaulter for the Berea track team and intends to run cross country for the Lady Mountaineers this fall for the first time since her freshman year.

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The Henry County Local | circulation@hclocal.com | 502-845-2858
18 South Penn, Eminence, KY 40019
Office Hours are 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday


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Time to register for 4-H teen conference

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By Cathy Toole

The Kentucky 4-H Teen Conference will be held on the campus of the University of Kentucky from June 13-16.  The conference is for teens who have completed their freshman year of high school, sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have just graduated.

While attending the conference delegates will participate in several workshops and tracks of their choosing.  They will have an opportunity to take a campus tour and visit colleges within the university.  They will also participate in the election of 4-H State Officers for the upcoming year.

There will be an informal dance as well as the Grand Ball which is the highlight of the conference.

This is a great opportunity to spend some time on a college campus and meet teens from around the state.  Delegates will be staying in the dorms and walking around the campus to various buildings and activities.  This is a chance to get a real feel of what college life is all about.  The cost of the conference is $150.  If you have any questions please feel free to call the office at 845-2811.


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Today's News

  • Merriweather-King Street School Fund members hope to honor Winburn

    An Eminence-based alumni group hopes to honor a man who devoted most of his adult life to youth baseball.

    Members of the Merriweather-King Street School Fund are hoping to convince Eminence Independent Schools officials to name a high school ballfield after long-time youth league coach Leeroy Winburn.

    Winburn, who also served on Eminence City Council for 20 years, died in March 2007 at age 63, and some feel recognition for his contributions to the community is overdue.

  • HCPS: SEEK funding to decline

    Despite promises that education funding would not be touched, the impact of Kentucky Gov. Steve Beshear’s proposed budget could be keenly felt in Henry County.

    Though the SEEK formula won’t be cut, an increase in population means that spending per student will decrease. And for Henry County Public Schools, that will mean a decrease of about $197,000, in addition to a 4.5 percent cut in state grant programs.

    HCPS Superintendent Tim Abrams said those programs provide textbooks, professional development and more.

    An Eminence business is gone after a weekend fire.

    The Eminence Bar and Grill, located at 438 W. Broadway, burned early Sunday morning, ruining the block building’s interior.

    Eminence Fire Chief Gary Lucas said a witness called 911 at about 3:15 a.m. Sunday.

    Officer Phillip Parham of the Eminence Police Department was first on the scene and confirmed to dispatch that smoke was coming from the building.

  • Local Buzz for the week of Jan. 25

    Arts & Crafts

    • Free adult scrapbooking offered at the Eminence Community Life Center from 10 a.m. to noon, on Thursdays.

    Church Services

  • Lady Cats overcome slow start to dominate Williamstown 43-28

    Sitting on a bus for more than an hour didn’t seem to help the Henry County Lady Cats get off to a great start at Williamstown on Tuesday, Jan. 17.

    After six minutes, the Lady Cats were down 9-5, giving up easy baskets. Head Coach Todd Gilley didn’t like the slow start and wasn’t buying a long bus ride as an excuse. So he called a timeout.

    After the timeout, the Lady Cats turned up the heat and went on an 18-2 run, paving the way for a 43-28 win.

  • Dragons scorch Wildcats with hot shooting

    From the beginning, one thing was clear: the Dragons were on fire.

    The Henry County Wildcats hosted the South Oldham Dragons Thursday night, and found that their opponents had the hot hand for shooting, as they fell 80-54 in a game of streaks.
    South Oldham opened the game in a full court press and jumped out to a 13-0 lead, taking advantage of four turnovers on Henry County’s first five possessions.

  • Lady Cats down Warriors 68-18

    With a suffocating defense, the Henry County Lady Cats swept their 2011/2012 series with the Eminence Warriors, 68-18 on Thursday night.

    That defense helped the Lady Cats jump out to an early lead, and they never looked back.
    Henry County opened in a full court press, forcing several turnovers that were converted into easy buckets. The Lady Cats were up 14-0 lead after five minutes.

    Sherry Brees got the Warriors’ opening basket with 2:45 left in the quarter, and the period ended with Henry leading 17-3.

  • Warriors fight for pride, defeat Trimble

    For 9.5 minutes their pride was in question: Were the Eminence Warriors at Trimble County to play and represent their school, or were they not?

    After a dismal first quarter where the Warriors were down 19-7, they came back, and cut their deficit to 10 points by halftime, going into the locker room down 20-31 against a team that narrowly beat them to open the season.

  • Evangel gives Warriors a pop quiz

    Basketball, like most sports, is a series of tests.

    Some you ace, some you don’t. Most you have ample time to study for.

    But Friday night, against Evangel Christian, the Eminence Warriors took a pop quiz against a completley different class... and passed with a 55-50 win.

    In what co-head coach Bill Covington described as “a very interesting game,” the Lady Eagles put three new starters on the court, including a 6’3” post player.

  • Public record for the week of Jan. 25

    The District Court listing last week for Candace Atchison was incorrect. It should have read “Defendant present, no action taken.”

    • Joseph Daniel Cisneros, 23, La Puente, Los Angeles, Calif., and Diana Ramos Robles, 23, Eminence.
    • Wesley Beverly Jr., 30, Port Royal, and Tracy Lynn Beverly, 27, Eminence.

    Sheriff’s Department


text:
High 20 Magnificence Tips For You ~ Top

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And yet it may be stated that Europe has been successful in as a lot as every little thing that she has tried has succeeded. Eternity is just not of this world, but man will outlive courses and will proceed to produce and make history, since he can by no means free himself from the burden of his needs, both of thoughts and of body, that are the basis of the event of the forces of production.

Groove health exists to supply a neighborhood atmosphere where members can interact their bodies, develop a positive mindset, construct new relationships, and experience a way of effectively-being. An a.m. meal made up mostly of carbs and protein with some fats retains blood-sugar ranges steady and starvation pangs away so you are not inclined to pigging out come lunch, studies show. Go for something satisfying to your abdomen and taste buds — like egg whites and turkey bacon with complete-wheat toast.

The authoritarian nature and state of the Apartheid government restricted and stifled society’s democratic processes. The very people who the Apartheid regime was disempowering built social actions inside their civil societies to express their … Read More ...

A Complete Guide To Your Magnificence And Health Suggestions

Social establishments are enduring relationships that result from human interplay. Over a period of time, these relationships have established predictable patterns that allow the members of society to pursue life, their desires and happiness. Social institutions are pure products or creations of societies, the first function of which is to help societies meet fundamental needs. They exist in each identified society. They overlap, work together, and support each other. It might be inconceivable to consider a social order with none existing social institution for they function the bedrock of human society. Along with school and home, your pediatrician is one other health educator for you and your youngster. Since your kid’s physician knows your loved ones, he or she can present clear, personalized health info and recommendation. For instance, the pediatrician can speak together with your youngster about the child’s private development patterns throughout puberty, relate them to the size and form of different members of the family, and answer questions particular to your teen’s own developmental sequence and fee.

In this examine, lengthy-time period-uninsured adults reported a lot better unmet health needs than insured adults. The study decided that providing insurance to enhance entry to look after lengthy-time period-uninsured adults could have substantial medical benefits. While this research did not analyze the price of care, it’s not only inhumane to make healthcare inaccessible to People till they attain a severe health emergency, it’s costing the nation quite a lot of cash. This is a lose-lose state of affairs. The uninsured individual suffers and the US is paying for costly surgeries and life-saving therapies as a substitute of cheaper preventive medicine that would circumvent various these serious health conditions or at the very least detect the need for therapy earlier reducing the overall intensity of medicine and evasive procedures required.… Read More ...


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Updated 06 April 2017

My battle with cancer - part three

On the Wednesday of my second week of chemotherapy I had – to coin a phrase – a scrotum scare. Since the surgery I had treated my scrotum with kid gloves, to say the least.

On the Wednesday of my second week of chemotherapy I had – to coin a phrase – a scrotum scare. Since the surgery I had treated my scrotum with kid clothes, to say the least. In the bath I would very gingerly splash water onto it, since I didn’t want it to suffer any more than it already had.

So, to wake up and find that – like James’s giant peach – it had grown prodigiously overnight and was protruding rather dramatically on the right-hand side, caused me a surge of panic. Also, it was very sensitive; well, actually rather sore.

I went to see the urologist. Before I lowered my pants so that he could have a look at the errant body part, he suggested that it may be that my body was rejecting the silicone prosthesis that had been inserted into my scrotum. My spirits sank into my shoes at the thought of what implications this would hold …

Soon I was splayed on the urologist’s examination bed, almost like a chicken awkwardly laying an egg upside down. He said that I had an infection there. A single soluble stitch had been used to attach the prosthesis to the wall of the scrotum. Thus secured it would in some – to me unfathomable – way attach itself permanently there. This would prevent its bobbing aimlessly about. Wow, this process of convalescence really is proving to be educational, I thought to myself.

‘I can see it in there’
At any rate, the infernal soluble stitch was the cause of all the consternation! An infection had set in on the raw patch caused by the stitch. And, since the chemotherapy had ensured that my immune system was at a low ebb, the infection had been able to flourish.

The urologist informed me that he was going to attempt to nudge the stitch out of my scrotum. “I can see it in there,” he told me blithely, brandishing something sharp. I clutched the sides of the bed I was perched upon, and turned my face away and scrunched it up tightly in anticipation of the pain about to follow. Thank goodness I will not have to give birth – ever, I thought to myself.

A few excruciating minutes later the urologist declared the stitch the winner of this particular battle. He hadn’t been able to edge it out. With some force I demanded that he bring me a glass of sugar water. And quickly too. He said that he couldn’t, since the only receptacle he had to hand was the glass holder in which patients deposit urine; then he spotted a cup from which he had earlier had tea, and I was brought back from the brink of fainting by the requested sweetened water.

A course of antibiotics and a salve were prescribed to fight the infection. I also then mentioned to the urologist something which I had noticed for the first time about a month before the diagnosis but which I hadn’t raised before: first my left and then my right nipple had become sensitive. Or, more specifically, a hardening had appeared under both nipples.

Puberty revisited
In fact, this had seemed to me the very type of hardening that boys often get when they hit puberty; in colloquial South African English they are known as “stonies”. The urologist informed me that the tumour created hormonal havoc and that this was a not unusual consequence of it.

The mini-crisis in my scrotum dealt with, I felt well enough during the latter half of the second week of chemo. My scrotum didn’t improve dramatically, though, and I walked about as if I had just ridden a horse over hill and dale for several hours. Also it remained rather sensitive down there.

On the Monday of the third week I completed the course of antibiotics and, after my hour’s worth of chemotherapy, I went to see the urologist, so that he could have a look at my scrotum again. Even though the swelling had not disappeared entirely, it had certainly been reduced.

He was happy with the improvement, noting sagely that it was a very good sign that said body part had regained its former creases. Phew. He prescribed a further course of antibiotics. Since my immune system was already under attack from the chemicals used in therapy, the infection was more difficult to get under control.

I left the doctor’s rooms at about noon, and then a funny thing happened on my way home. I started shivering gently and at home went to lie down, pulling my duvet over me. The shivering increased in intensity and soon I was sweating heavily. I felt utterly rotten.

Sadly, no Strings attached
I had intended attending a concert at the Spier Amphitheatre with a group of friends that evening, but at about 2pm had to call them up and say that, sadly, I was going have to forego the sweet sounds of the Soweto String Quartet. Damn. This was proving to be one of the most unpleasant aspects of the treatment: its fickleness. You really couldn’t predict how you would feel on any given day.

The three hour ‘flu – as I dubbed this sudden sickness – was gone by the late afternoon. I felt fine by 5pm, but thought it would be silly to tempt fate by sitting out in the evening chill.

The following few days I felt strong, but continued taking regular doses of a tonic and taking tablets to boost my immune system. I also ate as healthily as possible: my diet included much fruit and fresh vegetables. Also I drank between six and eight large glasses of water per day, as well as a lot of juice.

On the Wednesday of the third week of chemotherapy I was visiting a friend, when I noticed the next side-effect gradually setting in. My friend asked whether I had lost any hair yet, and with much bravado I plucked at my brush-cut hair, intending to show him the steely fashion in which I was resisting the inevitable side-effects. I looked at my hand and saw there a clump of ten or so hairs. OK, here we go, I thought to myself.

Read more:
My battle with cancer - part one
My battle with cancer - part two

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Do you want a reason To Smile Again? All on Four Dental Implants help

Missing teeth do not just affect your appearance, but can impact your health and quality of life too. But, thanks to advances in dental implant technology, you can now replace all of the teeth on the top or the bottom of your mouth with the help of just four implants. Let’s find out how you can find your lost smile and confidence with the help of all on four Dental Implants, in this informative article, brought to you by Uptown Dental the leading centre for dental implants in Houston.

Understanding the technology

Implants are small titanium screws that fit inside your jawbone and function as artificial tooth root. The implants are surgically placed in the jawbone, after which a crown is attached to give the patients natural looking and functional prosthetic tooth.

A common person might think that if someone needs to replace many missing teeth, that person will require dental implant for each and every one of the missing teeth. But, thanks to All on four implants technology, all you need is four implants on the top of your mouth, and four on the bottom, to restore your full smile. The implants will fuse to your jaw bone and function as part of it, thus providing a long-lasting foundation for your artificial teeth, assert Uptown dentists in Houston.

While, you can replace your missing teeth with traditional dentures as well, but the dental implants not just provide firm support to your replacement teeth but also prevent future bone loss in the jaw. So, it would not be wrong to say that all-on-four can quickly transform your life and help you live life with full confidence.

Get back your beautiful smile in just one day

By combining the breakthrough technology of all-on-four procedure with their years of experience, the experts at Uptown dental care centre has developed a way to give the patients a new smile in one day.

Why you should get All on Four implants at Uptown Dental Clinic

Uptown Dental is a patient-centered facility. The experts at Uptown Dental are able to place the all-on-four dental implants and your new teeth in your mouth while keeping you stress free and comfortable all the time.

Once the implants fuse with your jawbone, the expert team will replace your temporary teeth with a permanent and you get a beautiful smile designed just for you. After getting all on four implants, your new smile will look and feel great, and you will experience a positive change in your life.


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Five foods to avoid if you need a steady stream of energy during a busy day

April 28, 2017

Our energy level throughout the day is not just affected by our sleeping habits, but also by the food that we consume. Some people might still find themselves hit by the afternoon energy slump even though they had a good night’s sleep because of what they ate.

Here are five foods you can avoid, and their healthier alternatives, if you want a steady flow of energy during a busy day.

1.       Coffee

Many of us still rely on the caffeine boost given by a cup of coffee but it might not be as helpful as we think. Caffeine from coffee stays in the body for 10 to 12 hours, which affects the sleeping cycle.You should also be aware that the milk and sugar you put in your coffee contributes to inconsistent energy levels.

A better alternative to coffee is tea. It offers a better caffeine source as it does not give you a crazy spike of energy while still keeping you focused.

2.       White Bread

White bread is made from simple carbohydrates. It is great as it will give a quick sugar boost but this will soon drop. That sandwich at brunch will have you wanting a nap in a few hours. Watch out for croissants and other treats made of flour as well.

Instead, choose whole grain alternatives that are made of complex carbohydrates like wheat bread and brown rice.

3.       Bananas

Bananas are known to contain amino acids, vitamins and minerals that can help keep your energized throughout a workout routine. However, if taken on its own, bananas can make you sleepy because of their magnesium content which is known as a relaxation mineral. It is a natural element that is better taken before bread.

For a healthier energy snack, grab an apple. Apples are high in fiber which helps better digestion, giving your body the ability to create energy better.

4.       Lettuce

Lettuce contains lactucarium. This milky fluid secreted by some species of lettuce is also known as “lettuce opium” because of its analgesic and sedative properties. Regardless of what time in the day you eat a lettuce, it is going to make you feel relaxed and sleepy.

If you can’t go through a day without having a salad, use spinach instead. It has iron and a lot of nutrients such as fiber, Vitamin K, and lutein to charge you up.

5.       Red Meat

There is a reason steak is often reserved for dinner. The iron content in red meat is good for energy but the high fat content requires for your digestive system to work double time. Since your energy is spent on digesting the meat, you will find your body in need to recharge through sleep.

A good alternative to red meat is salmon. It is tagged as brain food for its omega-3 content, which helps you not only physically but also picks up your mood. Keep this in mind if you need to get your groove back during work.

Category: Features, Wellness and Complementary Therapies

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Probiotic beer that can improve gut health brewed by Singapore scientists

July 31, 2017

A team of researchers in Singapore has successfully brewed beer that contains probiotic bacteria that can boost the immune system and improve gut health.

Alcine Chan, a 23-year-old food researcher, worked and experimented for almost a year with a recipe of malt, alcohol, hops and a strain of probiotic bacteria, until she got the formula just right.

“The hops are the main ingredient that kills probiotics, so we had to find a way for the probiotics to overcome the hops,” Chan said, demonstrating the pre-fermentation process in a laboratory at the National University of Singapore (NUS).

The popularity of beer promises huge market potential for the process, she said, adding that she hoped it would reach as many consumers as possible.

Chan, who perfected the beer recipe as a project for the senior year of her degree, said she drew inspiration from the probiotic yogurt and dairy drinks she consumes every day.

The pale, bubbly drink tastes slightly sweet and has 3.5% alcohol content, just under the 4% to 6% of regular beers. Every 100 ml of the drink, or roughly just over a mouthful, contains 1 billion probiotic organisms.The beer contains the Lactobacilusparacasei L26 probiotic strain, the researchers said.

While probiotics have been shown to improve digestive function and boost the immune system, among other health benefits, project researchers stop short of making nutrition claims.

“The beer is simply a new vehicle for delivering probiotics and the associated health benefits,” said Chan’s project supervisor, Liu Shao Quan, adding that it had not yet been given a name.

Melissa Mak, founder of Fermentation Friends, a group that holds workshops on making fermented probiotic food and beverages, said she would give the beer a try.

“It’s highly incongruous to think of beer as being a good thing in terms of nutrition,” Mak said. “No one knows for sure, but I think it’s a very exciting new product.”

Liu’s team has also experimented with flavored coffees and wines made from Southeast Asia’s popular lychee and durian fruits.

The researchers are still waiting for their drink recipe to be patented so it will still be some time before it will be offered in bars. They are also in talks with beer companies on marketing plans, Liu said, without giving details.

Category: Education, Features

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How to Build a 6-Figure List for Your Health Coaching Business

As a health coach, you know that itʼs important to have a list of prospects and clients.  In online marketing we call this “your list,” and it is created when people subscribe or opt-in on your website for a newsletter or free gift.

I ﬁnd that most new coaches donʼt realize how valuable their list is or how powerful it can be at helping them achieve a great income. If you want a 6-ﬁgure health coaching
business, youʼre going to need a 6-ﬁgure list.  So in this article, Iʼll show you how you can have a 6-ﬁgure list.

Youʼre going to love this.  Just plug in these simple formulas to calculate how many subscribers youʼll need to have a 6-ﬁgure (or multiple 6-ﬁgure) health coaching practice.

First the basics.

What is a “Big List” and Do You Need One

This term usually refers to a list of over 10,000 subscribers.  But it also implies a list that generates multiple 6-ﬁgures a year.

When I ﬁrst started learning about Internet marketing (over 10 years ago), most people who earned 6-ﬁgures or more per year had lists with over 10,000 subscribers.  And if you wanted to earn 7-ﬁgures or more a year, you often needed a list of 40,000 or more.

That was then, this is now...
The great news is that list building strategies have come a long way since then.  Itʼs now possible to have a 6-ﬁgure health coaching business with only a thousand subscribers – sometimes less.  I know one coach who earned $250,000 with a list of less than 500 subscribers.

This is why itʼs so important to keep up with the latest cutting-edge online marketing techniques for coaches.  The list building strategies being used today can help you achieve your online goals much faster than a few years ago.
How Much is Your List Worth
Youʼll want to calculate both the total value of your list and the value of each subscriber.

Your list value is equal to your income for the last 12 months.  This applies to anyone who is marketing online, building a list of subscribers, and emailing that list regularly.

You might be asking, “What if no one buys products or services from my website or emails?  Do I still calculate the value the same way?”  The answer is yes.  You see, as a health coach, your income comes from clients, but it starts with prospects.  And those prospects are on your list.

So even if all your income was derived from clients who chose to work with you while talking to you over the phone, the process started with you marketing for prospects.  And list building was a part of that process.

So the next critical number you want to know is..
How much is each person on your list worth

You want to know whether or not you have a proﬁtable list or just a list of free-bee seekers.  Knowing the value of each person on your list will help you make that determination.  It will also help you calculate the value of your marketing and advertising.

First, take the total value of your list and divide it by the total number of unique subscribers.

Why unique subscribers?  Because if you have more than one email list for your coaching business, some people may be subscribed more than once.  For accuracy, you donʼt want to count an email address more than once.

How do you get the number of unique subscribers?  If you use an autoresponder service like 1ShoppingCart or AWeber, you are able to send your newsletter out to all your subscribers and only send one email per email address.  The system eliminates the duplicate addresses for you.  So look at the total number of emails sent the last time you did a broadcast to your entire database. Thatʼs the number of your unique subscribers.

For example, letʼs say you have 3 different email lists.  One is for opt-ins to your free offer, one is for people who registered for a free teleseminar you held, and the third is for a free report you promoted.  You have a total of 375 subscribers on all three lists.  But when you sent your last newsletter to all three lists, it was sent to only 280 subscribers.  That means you had 95 duplicate email addresses and 280 unique subscribers.

For this example, letʼs say that your past 12-month income was $68,000.  Then that is also the value of your list.  So what is the value of each subscriber?

Letʼs apply the formula: Value of list divided by total number of unique subscribers. $68,000 / 280 = $242.86

So each unique subscriber has a value of $242.86.  Now, letʼs look at that number in context to see if that is a great number to have.

As a health coach, your subscriber value should be at least $200/unique subscriber.  If itʼs less than that, youʼll want to determine where the problem is and ﬁx it.

Low values may mean that you just havenʼt offered subscribers what they really want.  If so, you can quickly increase your income simply by ﬁnding out what they want most and offering a product or program that gives it to them.

Or low values could mean that your current subscribers are not really your ideal clients.  This often happens when coaches have an email list and decide to change their niche and packages.  Itʼs also a sign that you may need to change your free offer so that it attracts your ideal client and ﬁlters out everyone else.

One of my clients has a subscriber value of over $400.  She had a $500,000 coaching practice, and her list was only 1,200 subscribers when we last spoke.

Another multi-million dollar coach I know has a subscriber value of about $360 per person.

If every new subscriber was worth $200, $300, or even $400 to your health coaching business, how excited could you get about growing your list?

Which leads us to our next question
How big does your list need to be?
This formula is easy to calculate:
1. Decide how much you want to earn.
2. Divide that number by the value of each subscriber in your list.

For example: Youʼre new at health coaching and earned $10,000 over the last 6 months (equivalent to $20,000/yr.).  You have a very small list of 114 subscribers. Your value per subscriber is $175. ($20,000 / 114 = $175)

Letʼs say you want to double that and earn at least $40,000 next year.

$40,000 / $175 = 228 subscribers (You need an extra 114 subscribers.)

What if you work on clarifying your niche and your ideal client so you can charge what youʼre worth and get it?  As a result, your income rises.  Your subscriber value could easily rise to $250 or more per person.  In that case, your business is now worth $57,000 with the same 228 subscribers.  (228 subscribers X $250/person = $57,000)

Is it realistic to get an extra 114 subscribers in the next 12 months?  You bet it is!

Want a 6-ﬁgure business?  Hereʼs how using the above numbers for an example.  With a subscriber value of only $175/person, all you need is 572 unique subscribers.  Increase that  value to $250/person, and all you need is 400 subscribers

I hope youʼre getting really excited about growing your list in the coming 12 months.  I know I am.

No matter which list building strategies you decide to use or who you choose as a mentor, all methods require a website to collect names and emails and an autoresponder to send emails.  And youʼll want to email your list regularly with tips, articles, and strategies to help them achieve optimum health.

There are lots of ways to easily build a list of prospects and clients who want to work with you.  Youʼll ﬁnd some of my favorite easy to use strategies in my 7-part audio course “How to Mine More Wealth and Clients with Your Website” when you visit If you havenʼt listened to it yet, sign up for instant access.  From Karen Brunet, The Irresistible Marketing Coach and online marketing consultant.

Click Here to Leave a Comment Below

Lora Downie - May 22, 2012

Hi Karen – this article is great! Thank you for the information! I do have one question…how do you calculate the “healthy” range for subscriber value. You mentioned a subscriber value of $200 is a good number…why is that a good number? what is it based on ? Just want to do the math myself. thanks!

    Karen Brunet - May 23, 2012

    That is a great question. Thanks for asking. What constitutes a good subscriber value for a coach? Here’s how I came up with this number.

    I have worked with many successful coaches. And as their online marketing consultant, I have access to their statistics, along with my own statistics. In addition, I have either spoken to coaches making 6 or 7-figures a year, or I have heard them give their subscriber values.

    Based on that information that I have personally collected from successful coaches, I know that a good database list will have a subscriber value of $200+ per unique address. The smaller the list and/or the better the coach is at marketing, the higher the dollar value is likely to be. With larger lists of 5,000 or more, you might see a lower value. However, I know of one 7-figure coach with a list of over 5,000 whose subscriber value is around $350.

    Keep in mind that these numbers are SPECIFIC to coaches. If you look at the subscriber values for most other internet marketers, it is a lot less. For instance, an affiliate marketer may have a subscriber value of only $50 and be thrilled.

    However, a successful health coach should look for a subscriber value of $200 or better, even if their list is only a couple hundred in size. And the more irresistible their marketing, the higher that value will be! This is why it is SO EASY for health coaches to have a 6-figure coaching practice with a small list.

    Best wishes on creating your own successful health coaching practice.

    Karen Brunet
    The Irresistible Marketing Coach

KerriLyn Brown, BSN, RN - February 21, 2015

Thanks Karen, for this posts. Very informative. Would you have a post highlighting the most lucrative health coaches you know? I’m interested to see what that potentially represents for my business. Wishing you Well Endeavors in business and in health. All the best. -KerriLyn

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