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Automatic pneumatic bumper synopsis

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Automatic pneumatic bumper synopsis

  1. 1. CHAPTER-1 SYNOPSIS The technology of pneumatics has gained tremendous importance in the field of workplace rationalization and automation from old-fashioned timber works and coal mines to modern machine shops and space robots. It is therefore important that technicians and engineers should have a good knowledge of pneumatic system, air operated valves and accessories. The aim is to design and develop a control system based an intelligent electronically controlled automotive “AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC BUMPER”. bumper activation system is called This system is consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit, Control Unit, Pneumatic bumper system. The IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle closer to the vehicle (with in 4 feet), the control signal is given to the bumper activation system. The pneumatic bumper system is used to product the man and vehicle. This bumper activation system is only activated the vehicle speed above 40-50 km per hour. This vehicle speed is sensed by the proximity sensor and this signal is given to the control unit and pneumatic bumper activation system.
  2. 2. CHAPTER-2 INTRODUCTION We have pleasure in introducing our new project “AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC BUMPER”, which is fully equipped by IR sensors circuit and Pneumatic bumper activation circuit. It is a genuine project which is fully equipped and designed for Automobile vehicles. This forms an integral part of best quality. This product underwent strenuous test in our Automobile vehicles and it is good. NEED FOR AUTOMATION: Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics, etc., of these sources, pneumatics form an attractive medium for low cost automation. The main advantages of all pneumatic systems are economy and simplicity. Automation plays an important role in mass production. For mass production of the product, the machining operations decide the sequence of machining. The machines designed for producing a particular product are called transfer machines. The components must be moved automatically from the bins to
  3. 3. various machines sequentially and the final component can be placed separately for packaging. Materials can also be repeatedly transferred from the moving conveyors to the work place and vice versa. Nowadays almost all the manufacturing process is being atomized in order to deliver the products at a faster rate. The manufacturing operation is being atomized for the following reasons.  To achieve mass production  To reduce man power  To increase the efficiency of the plant  To reduce the work load  To reduce the production cost  To reduce the production time  To reduce the material handling  To reduce the fatigue of workers  To achieve good product quality  Less Maintenance
  4. 4. CHAPTER-3 LITERATURE SURVEY SAFETY SYSTEM: The aim is to design and develop a control system based on pneumatic breaking system of an intelligent electronically controlled automotive braking system. Based on this model, control strategies such as an 'antilock braking system' (ABS) and improved maneuverability via individual wheel braking are to be developed and evaluated. There have been considerable advances in modern vehicle braking systems in recent years. For example, electronically controlled ABS for emergency braking, electronically controlled hydraulically actuated individual brake-by-wire (BBW) systems for saloon cars and electronically controlled pneumatically actuated systems for heavy goods vehicles. The work of recent years shall form the basis of a system design approach to be implemented. The novelty of the proposed research programmed shall lie in the design and evaluation of control systems for achieving individual wheel motion control facilitated by BBW. In the case of BBW the brake pedal is detached from the hydraulic system and replaced by a 'brake pedal simulator'. The simulator provides an electrical signal for the electronic control system.
  5. 5. Preliminary modeling and simulation work considers a quarter cars initially followed by a natural progression to the half car and full four wheel station cases. The model is to be constructed in modular form thus allowing the replacement / interchange of the various blocks and their associated technologies. Upon completion of the full vehicle braking model, sensitivity analyses will be carried out. Once the preliminary simulation model has been thoroughly benchmarked and existing control system strategies evaluated, an audit of the technology used is to take place and this will provide a basis for comparison of iterative technologies / techniques. The final phase of the new modern vehicle shall include: • Development of improved ABS control systems • Development and assessment of an electro-hydraulic-BBW (EH-BBW) system • Individual wheel braking combined with traction control • Assessing sensor failure and fault tolerant control system design • Preliminary studies into an electrically actuated system • Re-engineering using simplified models.
  6. 6. PNEUMATICS The word ‘pneuma’ comes from Greek and means breather wind. The word pneumatics is the study of air movement and its phenomena is derived from the word pneuma. Today pneumatics is mainly understood to means the application of air as a working medium in industry especially the driving and controlling of machines and equipment. Pneumatics has for some considerable time between used for carrying out the simplest mechanical tasks in more recent times has played a more important role in the development of pneumatic technology for automation.
  7. 7. Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air which must be made available in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system. When the pneumatic system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills indeed the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply. The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure. Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air compressed and delivered and the volume expressed is that of the air at intake conditions namely at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature. The compressibility of the air was first investigated by Robert Boyle in 1962 and that found that the product of pressure and volume of a particular quantity of gas. The usual written as PV = C (or) PıVı = P2V2 In this equation the pressure is the absolute pressured which for free is about 14.7 Psi and is of courage capable of maintaining a column of mercury, nearly 30 inches high in an ordinary barometer. Any gas can be used in pneumatic system but air is the mostly used system now a days.
  8. 8. CHAPTER-4 TYPES OF BRAKING The brakes for automotive use may be classified according the following considerations. 1. PURPOSE 2. LOCATION 3. CONSTRUCTION 4. METHOD OF ACTUATION 5. EXTRA BRAKING EFFORT Based on the above considerations, brakes are classified with respect to following factors. 1. With respect to application, a. Foot brake b. Hand brake 2. With respect to the number of wheels, a. Two wheel brakes
  9. 9. b. Four wheel brakes 3. With respect to the method of braking contact a. Internal expanding brakes b. External contracting brakes 4. With respect to the method of applying the braking force. a. Single acting brake b. Double acting brakes. 5. With respect to the brake gear, a. Mechanical brake b. Power brakes 6. With respect to the nature of power employed a. Vacuum brake b. Air brake c. Hydraulic brake d. Hydrostatic brake e. Electric brake
  10. 10. 7. With respect to power transmission, a. Direct acting brakes b. Geared brakes 8. With respect to power unit, a. Cylinder brakes b. Diaphragm brake The foot brake or service brake is always applied by a pedal, while the parking brake is applied by a hand lever. The parking brake is intended chiefly to hold the car in position. The parking brake can be set in the “ON” position by means of a latch while the service brake remains on only as long as the driver presses down on the pedal. The hand brake is normally used only after the driver has stopped the car by using the foot brake. Its other use is as an emergency brake to stop the car if the foot braked system should fail. The hand or parking brakes operates on a pair of wheels, frequently the rear wheels. When drum type rear brakes are used, the same shoes can be used for both hand and foot control.
  11. 11. The drum type of brake may either be a band brake or a shoe brake. Both band brakes and shoe brakes may be either external or internal. The band brakes generally are external and shoe brakes internal. In drum brakes the drum is attached to the wheel and revolves with it. Friction to slow the drum is applied from inside by the shoes which do not rotate but are mounted on a stationary metal back plate. There are different types of drum brakes such as a two leading shoe arrangement – which gives an augmented response to pedal effort because of its self applying arrangement. A leading-trailing shoe is a cheaper and better alternative as it is equally effective whether the car is going forward or backwards. Manufacturers design drum brakes so that rain, show or ice or grit cannot get inside and decrease braking efficiency for moisture greatly reduces the friction between the linings and the drum. The dissipate quickly the considerable amount of heat generated when braking a fast moving heavy car large brake drums would be required. Disc brakes do the job more efficiently, for the cooling air can get to the rubbing between each piston and the disc, there is a friction pad held in position by retaining pins, spring plates etc. Passages are drilled in the caliper for the fluid to enter or leave the each housing. These passages are also connected to another one for bleeding. Each cylinder contains a rubber selling ring between the cylinder and the piston. The brakes are applied, hydraulically actuated piston move the friction pads into contact with the disc, applying equal and opposite forces on the later. On releasing the
  12. 12. brakes, the rubber sealing rings act as return springs and retract the pistons and the friction pads away from the disc. Now let us see in detail about different braking systems in automobiles. MECHANICAL BRAKE: In a motor vehicle, the wheel is attached to an auxiliary wheel called drum. The brake shoes are made to contact this drum. In most designs, two shoes are used with each drum to form a complete brake mechanism at each wheel. The brake shoes have bake linings on their outer surfaces. Each brake shoe is hinged at one end by on anchor pin; the other end is operated by some means so that the brake shoe expands outwards. The brake linings come into contact with the drum. Retracting spring keeps the brake shoe into position when the brakes are not applied. The drum encloses the entire mechanism to keep out dust and moisture. The wheel attaching bolts on the drum are used to contact wheel and drum. The braking plate completes the brake enclosure, holds the assembly to car axie, and acts the base for fastening the brake shoes and operating mechanism. The shoes are generally mounted to rub against the inside surface of the drum to form as internal expanding brake as shown in the figure.
  13. 13. HYDRAULIC BRAKES: The hydraulic brakes are applied by the liquid pressure. The pedal force is transmitted to the brake shoe by means of a confined liquid through a system of force transmission. The force applied to the pedal is multiplied and transmitted to brake shoes by a force transmission system. This system is based upon Pascal’s principle, which states that “The confined liquids transmit pressure without loss equally in all directions”. It essentially consists of two main components – master cylinder and wheel cylinder the master cylinder is connected by the wheel cylinders at each of the four wheels. The system is filled with the liquid under light pressure when the brakes are not in operation. The liquid is known as brake fluid, and is usually a mixture of glycerin and alcohol or caster-oil, denatured alcohol and some additives Spring pressure, and thus the fluid pressure in the entire system drops to its original low valve, which allows retracting spring on wheel brakes to pull the brake shoes out of contact with the brake drums into their original positions. This causes the wheel cylinder piston also to come back to its original inward position. Thus, the brakes are released.
  14. 14. AIR BRAKE: Air brakes are widely used in heavy vehicle like buses and trucks which require a heavier braking effort that can be applied by the driver’s foot. Air brakes are applied by the pressure of compressed air, instead of foot pressure, acting against flexible diaphragms in brake chamber. The diaphragms are connected to the wheel brakes. These diaphragms are controlled through a hand or foot operated valve. The brake valve controls brake operation by directing the flow of air from a reservoir against diaphragms in the brake chamber when the brakes are applied and from brake chambers to tube atmosphere when the brakes are released. The air compressor, driven by the engine furnishes compressed air to the reservoir fall below a set valve. ELECTRIC BRAKE: Electric Brakes are also used in some motor vehicles, although these are not very popular. Warner electric brake is one of the examples of such brakes. An electric brake essentially consists of an electromagnet within the brake drum. The current from the battery is utilized to energize the electromagnet, which actuates the mechanism to expand the brake shoe against the brake drum, thus applying the brakes. The severity of braking is controlled by means of a rheostat, which is operated by the driver through the foot pedal.
  15. 15. Electric brakes are simpler. These brakes do not require complicated operating linkage. Only cable is required to take current from the battery to the electromagnet. Also, these are very quick in action as compared to other types of brakes. VACUUM BRAKES / SERVO BRAKES: A serve mechanism fitted to the braking system reduces the physical effort the driver has to use on the brake pedal most servo mechanisms are of the vacuum assistance type. A pressure differential can be established by subjecting one side of the piston to atmospheric pressure and the other side to a pressure below atmospheric pressure by exhausting air from the corresponding end of the servo cylinder. REGENERATIVE BRAKING: Electricity powered vehicles use regenerative braking for stopping the vehicle. With regenerative braking pressing the brake pedal does not necessarily activate a conventional friction brake. The motor controller controlling the vehicle is treated as a generator which slows the vehicle and simultaneously provides an output for charging the battery. The effectiveness of regenerative braking falls of with vehicle speed. Electric vehicles will have to be fitted with conventional hydraulic friction brakes as well as with regenerative systems.
  16. 16. CHAPTER-5 IR SENSOR SENSORS A sensor is a transducer used to make a measurement of a physical variable. Any sensor requires calibration in order to be useful as a measuring device. Calibration is the procedure by which the relationship between the measured variable and the converted output signal is established. Care should be taken in the choice of sensory devices for particular tasks. The operating characteristics of each device should be closely matched to the task for which it is being utilized. Different sensors can be used in different ways to sense same conditions and the same sensors can be used in different ways to sense different conditions. TYPES OF SENSOR: Passive sensors detect the reflected or emitted electro-magnetic radiation from natural sources, while active sensors detect reflected responses from objects which are
  17. 17. irradiated from artificially generated energy sources, such as radar. Each is divided further in to non-scanning and scanning systems. A sensor classified as a combination of passive, non-scanning and non-imaging method is a type of profile recorder, for example a microwave radiometer. A sensor classified as passive, non-scanning and imaging method, is a camera, such as an aerial survey camera or a space camera, for example on board the Russian COSMOS satellite. Sensors classified as a combination of passive, scanning and imaging are classified further into image plane scanning sensors, such as TV cameras and solid state scanners, and object plane scanning sensors, such as multi-spectral scanners (optical-mechanical scanner) and scanning microwave radiometers. An example of an active, non-scanning and non-imaging sensor is a profile recorder such as a laser spectrometer and laser altimeter. An active, scanning and imaging sensor is radar, for example synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can produce high resolution, imagery, day or night, even under cloud cover. The most popular sensors used in remote sensing are the camera, solid state scanner, such as the CCD (charge coupled device) images, the multi-spectral scanner and in the future the passive synthetic aperture radar.
  18. 18. Laser sensors have recently begun to be used more frequently for monitoring air pollution by laser spectrometers and for measurement of distance by laser altimeters. CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL SENSOR: Optical sensors are characterized specified by spectral, radiometric and geometric performance The spectral characteristics are spectral band and band width, the central wavelength, response sensitivity at the edges of band, spectral sensitivity at outer wavelengths and sensitivity of polarization. Sensors using film are characterized by the sensitivity of film and the transmittance of the filter, and nature of the lens. Scanner type sensors are specified by the spectral characteristics of the detector and the spectral splitter. In addition, chromatic aberration is an influential factor. The radiometric characteristics of optical sensors are specified by the change of electro-magnetic radiation which passes through an optical system. They are radiometry of the sensor, sensitivity in noise equivalent power, dynamic range, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and other noises, including quantification noise.
  19. 19. The geometric characteristics are specified by those geometric factors such as field of view (FOV), instantaneous field of news (IFOV), band to band registration, MTF, geometric distortion and alignment of optical elements. IFOV is defined as the angle contained by the minimum area that can be detected by a scanner type sensor. For example in the case of an IFOV of 2.5 milli radians, the detected area on the ground will be 2.5 meters x 2.5 meters, if the altitude of sensor is 1,000 m above ground.
  20. 20. In our project IR transmitter and IR receiver are used to detect the obstacle. These sensors are fitted at the front side of the vehicle. IR TRANSMITTER: The IR transmitting circuit is used in many projects. The IR transmitter sends 40 kHz (frequency can be adjusted) carrier under 555 timer control. IR carriers at around 40 kHz carrier frequencies are widely used in TV remote controlling and ICs for receiving these signals are quite easily available. IR RECEIVER: The transmitted signal reflected by the obstacle and the IR receiver circuit receives the signal and giving control signal to the control unit. The control unit activates the pneumatic breaking system, so that break was applied.
  21. 21. CHAPTER-6 COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION SELECTION OF PNEUMATICS: Mechanization is broadly defined as the replacement of manual effort by mechanical power. Pneumatics is an attractive medium for low cost mechanization particularly for sequential or repetitive operations. Many factories and plants already have a compressed air system, which is capable of providing both the power or energy requirements and the control system (although equally pneumatic control systems may be economic and can be advantageously applied to other forms of power). The main advantages of an all-pneumatic system are usually economy and simplicity, the latter reducing maintenance to a low level. It can also have out standing advantages in terms of safety.
  22. 22. PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS AND ITS DESCRIPTION The pneumatic bearing press consists of the following components to fulfill the requirements of complete operation of the machine. 1) PNEUMATIC SINGLE ACTING CYCLINDER 2) SOLENOID VALVE 3) FLOW CONTROL VALVE 4) IR SENSOR UNIT 5) WHEEL AND BRAKE ARRANGEMENT 6) PU CONNECTOR, REDUCER, HOSE COLLAR 7) STAND 8) SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 1) PNEUMATIC SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER: Pneumatic cylinder consist of A) PISTON B) CYLINDER The cylinder is a Single acting cylinder one, which means that the air pressure operates forward and spring returns backward. The air from the compressor is passed through the regulator which controls the pressure to required amount by adjusting its knob.
  23. 23. A pressure gauge is attached to the regulator for showing the line pressure. Then the compressed air is passed through the single acting 3/2 solenoid valve for supplying the air to one side of the cylinder. One hose take the output of the directional Control (Solenoid) valve and they are attached to one end of the cylinder by means of connectors. One of the outputs from the directional control valve is taken to the flow control valve from taken to the cylinder. The hose is attached to each component of pneumatic system only by connectors. CYLINDER TECHNICAL DATA: Piston Rod: M.S. hard Chrome plated Seals: Nitrile (Buna – N) Elastomer End Covers: Cast iron graded fine grained from 25mm to 300mm Piston: -Aluminium. Media: -Air.
  24. 24. Temperature Range: 0^c to 85^c Parts of Pneumatic Cylinder Piston: The piston is a cylindrical member of certain length which reciprocates inside the cylinder. The diameter of the piston is slightly less than that of the cylinder bore diameter and it is fitted to the top of the piston rod. It is one of the important parts which convert the pressure energy into mechanical power. The piston is equipped with a ring suitably proportioned and it is relatively soft rubber which is capable of providing good sealing with low friction at the operating pressure. The purpose of piston is to provide means of conveying the pressure of air inside the cylinder to the piston of the oil cylinder. Generally piston is made up of  Aluminium alloy-light and medium work.  Brass or bronze or CI-Heavy duty.
  25. 25. The piston is single acting spring returned type. The piston moves forward when the high-pressure air is turned from the right side of cylinder. The piston moves backward when the solenoid valve is in OFF condition. The piston should be as strong and rigid as possible. The efficiency and economy of the machine primarily depends on the working of the piston. It must operate in the cylinder with a minimum of friction and should be able to withstand the high compressor force developed in the cylinder and also the shock load during operation. The piston should posses the following qualities. a. The movement of the piston not creates much noise. b. It should be frictionless. c. It should withstand high pressure. Piston Rod The piston rod is circular in cross section. It connects piston with piston of other cylinder. The piston rod is made of mild steel ground and polished. A high finish is essential on the outer rod surface to minimize wear on the rod seals. The piston rod is
  26. 26. connected to the piston by mechanical fastening. The piston and the piston rod can be separated if necessary. One end of the piston rod is connected to the bottom of the piston. The other end of the piston rod is connected to the other piston rod by means of coupling. The piston transmits the working force to the oil cylinder through the piston rod. The piston rod is designed to withstand the high compressive force. It should avoid bending and withstand shock loads caused by the cutting force. The piston moves inside the rod seal fixed in the bottom cover plate of the cylinder. The sealing arrangements prevent the leakage of air from the bottom of the cylinder while the rod reciprocates through it. Cylinder Cover Plates The cylinder should be enclosed to get the applied pressure from the compressor and act on the pinion. The cylinder is thus closed by the cover plates on both the ends such that there is no leakage of air. An inlet port is provided on the top cover plate and an outlet ports on the bottom cover plate. There is also a hole drilled for the movement of the piston.
  27. 27. The cylinder cover plate protects the cylinder from dust and other particle and maintains the same pressure that is taken from the compressor. The flange has to hold the piston in both of its extreme positions. The piston hits the top plat during the return stroke and hits the bottom plate during end of forward stroke. So the cover plates must be strong enough to withstand the load. Cylinder Mounting Plates: It is attached to the cylinder cover plates and also to the carriage with the help of ‘L’ bends and bolts. 2. SOLENOID VALVE WITH CONTROL UNIT: The directional valve is one of the important parts of a pneumatic system. Commonly known as DCV, this valve is used to control the direction of air flow in the pneumatic system. The directional valve does this by changing the position of its internal movable parts. This valve was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the manual effort and also for the modification of the machine into automatic machine by means of using a solenoid valve. A solenoid is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into
  28. 28. straight line motion and force. These are also used to operate a mechanical operation which in turn operates the valve mechanism. Solenoids may be push type or pull type. The push type solenoid is one in which the plunger is pushed when the solenoid is energized electrically. The pull type solenoid is one is which the plunger is pulled when the solenoid is energized. The name of the parts of the solenoid should be learned so that they can be recognized when called upon to make repairs, to do service work or to install them. Parts of a Solenoid Valve 1. Coil The solenoid coil is made of copper wire. The layers of wire are separated by insulating layer. The entire solenoid coil is covered with an varnish that is not affected by solvents, moisture, cutting oil or often fluids. Coils are rated in various voltages such as 115 volts AC, 230 volts AC, 460 volts AC, 575 Volts AC, 6 Volts DC, 12 Volts DC, 24 Volts DC, 115 Volts DC & 230 Volts DC. They are designed for such frequencies as 50 Hz to 60 Hz. 2. Frame The solenoid frame serves several purposes. Since it is made of laminated sheets, it is magnetized when the current passes through the coil. The magnetized coil attracts
  29. 29. the metal plunger to move. The frame has provisions for attaching the mounting. They are usually bolted or welded to the frame. The frame has provisions for receivers, the plunger. The wear strips are mounted to the solenoid frame, and are made of materials such as metal or impregnated less fiber cloth. 3. Solenoid Plunger The Solenoid plunger is the mover mechanism of the solenoid. The plunger is made of steel laminations which are riveted together under high pressure, so that there will be no movement of the lamination with respect to one another. At the top of the plunger a pin hole is placed for making a connection to some device. The solenoid plunger is moved by a magnetic force in one direction and is usually returned by spring action. Solenoid operated valves are usually provided with cover over either the solenoid or the entire valve. This protects the solenoid from dirt and other foreign matter, and protects the actuator. In many applications it is necessary to use explosion proof solenoids. WORKING OF 3/2 SINGLE ACTING SOLENOID (OR) CUT OFF VALVE: The control valve is used to control the flow direction is called cut off valve or solenoid valve. This solenoid cut off valve is controlled by the emergency push button.
  30. 30. The 3/2 Single acting solenoid valve is having one inlet port, one outlet port and one exhaust port. The solenoid valve consists of electromagnetic coil, stem and spring. The air enters to the pneumatic single acting solenoid valve when the push button is in ON position.
  31. 31. Technical Data: Size : ¼” Pressure : 0 to 7 kg / cm2 Media : Air Type : Applied Voltage : 230V A.C Frequency : 50 Hz 3/2 3. FLOW CONTROL VALVE: 1. Technical Data: Size : ¼” Pressure : 0 to 10 kg / cm2 Media : Air (b) Purpose: This valve is used to speed up the piston movement and also it acts as an one – way restriction valve which means that the air can pass through only one way and it can’t return back. By using this valve the time consumption is reduced because of the faster movement of the piston.
  32. 32. 4. IR SENSOR UNIT:- The IR transmitter and IR receiver circuit is used to sense the obstacle. It is fixed to the back side of the frame stand with a suitable arrangement. The pneumatic cylinder is controlled by the flow control valve, single acting solenoid valve and control unit. IR TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT: +Vcc R4 (47Ω) T1 (BD140) 3 1 150K C3 (100µ/25V) R2 (47Ω) R5 L1 4.7Ω IR LED 1 8 2 2 7 IC 555 3 6 4 R1 1.5K 5 C2 0.01pF C1 0.1pF
  33. 33. IR RECEIVER CIRCUIT: 1K +12V RELAY R12 (680Ω) R1 (4.7K) RL1 L1 (IR SENSOR) L3 (LED) D2 1N4007 R10 4.7K C3 (100µ) R7 (100K) D1 (1N 4007) T5 (BC547B) R9 (4.7K) R8 T3 BC 557 T4 (BC 547B) C2 (100µ) 4.7K L2 (IR SENSOR) R3 R2 4.7K C4 (0.1pF) C1 (0.01 pF) T2 (BC549C) 120Ω R13 C8 (47 pF) R5 120Ω T1 (BC 549C) R11 C7 22µF (50V) 22K R6 2.2K C5 (0.1pF)
  34. 34. AT NORMAL CONDITION: The IR transmitter sensor is transmitting the infrared rays with the help of 555 IC timer circuit. These infrared rays are received by the IR receiver sensor. The Transistor T1, T2 and T3 are used as an amplifier section. At normal condition Transistor T5 is OFF condition. At that time relay is OFF, so that the vehicle running continuously. AT OBSTACLE CONDITION: At Obstacle conditions the IR transmitter and IR receiver, the resistance across the Transmitter and receiver is high due to the non-conductivity of the IR waves. So the output of transistor T5 goes from OFF condition to ON stage. In that time the relay is ON position. In that time, the solenoid valve is on so that the vehicle stops. 5. WHEEL AND BRAKING ARRANGEMENT: The simple wheel and braking arrangement is fixed to the frame stand. Near the brake drum, the pneumatic cylinder piston is fixed.
  35. 35. 6. PU CONNECTIORS, REDUCER AND HOSECOLLAR: In our pneumatic system there are two types of connectors used; one is the hose connector and the other is the reducer. Hose connectors normally comprise an adapter (connector) hose nipple and cap nut. These types of connectors are made up of brass or Aluminium or hardened steel. Reducers are used to provide inter connection between two pipes or hoses of different sizes. They may be fitted straight, tee, “V” or other configurations. These reducers are made up of gunmetal or other materials like hardened steel etc. 7. STAND: This is a supporting frame and made up of mild steel. 8. SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR:- It is found to drive the roller shaft which fixed on the end of the frame structure. The free end of the shaft in the motor a large pulley is found around which the belt runs. The other specification about the motor is discussed in design part of the machine.
  36. 36. Single-Phase Theory Because it has but a single alternating current source, a single-phase motor can only produce an alternating field: one that pulls first in one direction, then in the opposite as the polarity of the field switches. A squirrel-cage rotor placed in this field would merely twitch, since there would be no moment upon it. If pushed in one direction, however, it would spin. The major distinction between the different types of single-phase AC motors is how they go about starting the rotor in a particular direction such that the alternating field will produce rotary motion in the desired direction. This is usually done by some device that introduces a phase-shifted magnetic field on one side of the rotor. The figure the performance curves of the four major types of single-phase AC motors. They are described below.
  37. 37. 1. Split-Phase Motors: The split phase motor achieves its starting capability by having two separate windings wound in the stator. The two windings are separated from each other. One winding is used only for starting and it is wound with a smaller wire size having higher electrical resistance than the main windings. From the rotor's point of view, this time delay coupled with the physical location of the starting winding produces a field that appears to rotate. The apparent rotation causes the motor to start.
  38. 38. A centrifugal switch is used to disconnect the starting winding when the motor reaches approximately 75% of rated speed. The motor then continues to run on the basis of normal induction motor principles. 2. Capacitor-Start Motors Capacitor start motors form the largest single grouping of general purpose single phase motors. These motors are available in a range of sizes from fractional through 3HP.
  39. 39. The winding and centrifugal switch arrangement is very similar to that used in a split phase motor. The main difference being that the starting winding does not have to have high resistance. In the case of a capacitor start motor, a specialized capacitor is utilized in a series with the starting winding. The addition of this capacitor produces a slight time delay between the magnetization of starting poles and the running poles. Thus the appearance of a rotating field exists. When the motor approaches running speed, the starting switch opens and the motor continues to run in the normal induction motor mode. This moderately priced motor produces relatively high starting torque, 225 to 400% of full load torque. The capacitor start motor is ideally suited for hard to start loads such as conveyors, air compressors and refrigeration compressors. Due to its general overall desirable characteristics, it also is used for many applications where high starting torque may not be required. The capacitor start motor can usually be recognized by the bulbous protrusion on the frame where the starting capacitor is located.
  40. 40. Permanent-Split Capacitor Motors The capacitor of this motor is left in series with the starting winding during normal operation. The starting torque is quite low, roughly 40% of full-load, so low-inertia loads such as fans and blowers make common applications. Running performance and speed
  42. 42. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER-8 WORKING OPERATION The impartant components of our project are, • IR transmitter • IR receiver • Control Unit with Power supply • Solenoid Valve • Flow control Valve • Air Tank (Compressor) The IR TRANSMITTER circuit is to transmite the Infra-Red rays. If any obstacle is there in a path, the Infra-Red rays reflected. This reflected Infra-Red rays are received by the receiver circuit is called “IR RECEIVER”.
  43. 43. The IR receiver circuir receives the reflected IR rays and giving the control signal to the control circuit. The control circuit is used to activate the solenoid valve. The operating principle of solenoid valve is already explained in the above chapter.
  44. 44. If the solenoid valve is activated, the compressed air passes to the Single Acting Pneumatic Cylinder. The compressed air activate the pneumatic cylinder and moves the piston rod. If the piston moves forward, then the breaking arrangement activated. The breaking arrangement is used to break the wheel gradually or suddenly due to the pistion movement. The breaking speed is varied by adjesting the valve is called “FLOW CONTROL VALVE”. In our project, we have to apply this breaking arrangement in one wheel as a model. The compressed air drawn from the compressor in our project. The compressed air floe through the Polyurethene tube to the flow control valve. The flow control valve is connected to the solenoid valve as mentioned in the block diagram.
  45. 45. CHAPTER-9 APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS • For automobile application • Industrial application ADVANTAGES • Free from wear adjustment. • Less power consumption • It gives simplified very operation. Installation is simplified very much DISADVANTAGES
  46. 46. • Additional cost is required to install this arrangement in the vehicle . CHAPTER-10 LIST OF MATERIALS Sl. No. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x PARTS Single Acting Pneumatic Cylinder Flow Control Valve Wheel Solenoid Valve Single Phase induction motor Sensor Unit Pulley Polyethylene Tube Hose Collar and Reducer Stand (Frame) Qty. 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  47. 47. CHAPTER-11 COST ESTIMATION 1. Sl. No. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x MATERIAL COST: PARTS Single Acting Pneumatic Cylinder Flow Control Valve Wheel Solenoid Valve Single Phase induction motor Sensor Unit Pulley Polyethylene Tube Hose Collar and Reducer Stand (Frame) Qty. 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Amount (Rs) 2. LABOUR COST LATHE, DRILLING, WELDING, GRINDING, POWER HACKSAW, GAS CUTTING: Cost = 3. OVERHEAD CHARGES The overhead charges are arrived by “Manufacturing cost” Manufacturing Cost = Material Cost + Labour cost
  48. 48. = = Overhead Charges = 20% of the manufacturing cost = TOTAL COST Total cost = Material Cost + Labour cost + Overhead Charges = = Total cost for this project = CHAPTER-12 CONCLUSION
  49. 49. This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and experience, to use our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing, assembling and machining while doing this project work. We feel that the project work is a good solution to bridge the gates between institution and industries. We are proud that we have completed the work with the limited time successfully. The PNEUMATIC BUMPER FOR FOUR WHEELER is working with satisfactory conditions. We are able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also quality. We have done to our ability and skill making maximum use of available facilities. In conclusion remarks of our project work, let us add a few more lines about our impression project work. Thus we have developed an “PNEUMATIC BUMPER FOR FOUR WHEELER” which helps to know how to achieve low cost automation. The application of pneumatics produces smooth operation. By using more techniques, they can be modified and developed according to the applications.
  50. 50. BIBLIOGRAPHY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. G.B.S. Narang, “Automobile Engineering”, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 1991, pp 671. 2. William H. Crowse, “Automobile Engineering”. 3. Donald. L. Anglin, “Automobile Engineering”. 4. Pneumatic Control System----Stroll & Bernaud, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications, 1999. 5. Pneumatic System----Majumdhar, New Age India International (P) Ltd Publishers, 1997. Web sites: www.


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The Small Business Toolkit: Now Serving the Underserved

By Lauren Simonds | Posted August 27, 2007

Starting and maintaining a successful small business is challenging at best for anyone. But it's especially difficult for people who live in emerging markets such as Africa, India and Brazil or for under-served constituencies in the United States, such as Blacks, Asians, Hispanics and women. These groups have historically lacked the resources, skills and access to information that running a sustainable business requires.

The SmallBusiness Toolkit -- a collaborative project of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) – an arm of the World Bank, and IBM – is a free, online resource for these emerging-market and under-served small businesses around the world. The Toolkit helps entrepreneurs and small business owners apply sound business-management practices to drive growth and success.

The IFC has local partners throughout the world and has launched the Toolkit in 24 countries in 13 different languages. In the United States, the Toolkit focuses mainly on women-owned and minority-owned businesses. The ToolKit provides templates, how-to articles and resources in the following areas: finance, operations, accounting, international business, marketing, business planning, sales, legal and insurance issues, technology and human resources, as well as tools and hands-on training.

The IFC first launched the ToolKit in 2002. IBM joined the project in 2006 and has revamped the online aspect of the ToolKit making it more user-friendly and easier to expand. According to Robin Willner, IBM's vice president of global community relations, IBM has invested more than $1.6 million to rebuild the site using an open source platform complete with Web 2.0 features and community tools such as:

  • Online conferencing
  • Blog capability
  • Group calendars
  • Survey and quiz builders
  • Forums
  • Live chat
  • Business directories

In addition to the online resources, the IFC partners with local partners around the world and within the U.S. in order to provide hands-on business training in community-based workshops. In the U.S., an Advisory Council made up of national organizations fills this role. "The local branches of the Council's organizations help select the most appropriate content, training and customization for specific constituents," said Willner. The council is comprised of the following organizations:

  • Asian American Business Development Center
  • Black Enterprise magazine
  • Council of Better Business Bureau
  • Latinos in Information, Sciences and Technology
  • Native American Business Alliance
  • Native American Chamber of Commerce
  • NY African American Chamber of Commerce
  • U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Foundation
  • Women Presidents' Organization
  • Women’s Business Enterprise National Council
  • US Small Business Administration
  • US Pan Asian-American Chamber of Commerce

The ToolKit in Action
Fletcher White, owner and gym director of The Little Gym of Clinton, Md. first heard about the SmallBusiness ToolKit from a former professor of his at Southwestern University. White recently opened a franchise that specializes in gymnastics for children aged four months to 12 years, and while the franchise provides the major materials to get the business up and running, the new owner provides smaller, but necessary pieces.

In White's case, he needed to write an offer letter for a prospective employee and an employee's handbook outlining sick leave, vacation days, bonuses and other benefits. "We went over this in school," said White, "but it was all hypothetical." He found a template for the offer letter – along with other information -- under the ToolKit's HR section. "I didn't know what other companies were offering in terms of benefits. The ToolKit helped me come up with a document and be competitive."

White turned to the ToolKit again as he prepared to represent his business at the Prince George's County Fair. "I have a background in printing, so coming up with the graphics was easy for me," said White. "But I needed help figuring out how to properly staff the booth." White said he initially thought he could handle it alone, but the ToolKit helped him readjust his planning.

"There's a section on participating in a tradeshow that was a real eye opener," he said. "Turns out you base your booth staffing on the square footage of the entire show. I realized I'd need four people during the day and another four at night. It really helped, because otherwise I could not have handled the volume of people and would have had potential customers walking away."

Taren Coleman, president and CEO of Coleman Financial Group LLC, was one of the U.S. ToolKit's first testers. Coleman said she found the site "chock full of information I've piecemealed together for years. This is going to be great, especially for people just starting out, because there's such a breadth of information available."

Even though Coleman's business is not new, she said she uses the site as a reference guide. "I always need information, and I can't always remember everything. If I'm meeting a client who wants to form a business and isn't sure if it should be an LLC or an S-Corp, for example, I can quickly refresh my memory on the details and offer better counsel," she said.

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For Jessica

When I first wrote “For Jessica” in the summer of 2010, I posted it to my blog as a way to express to my friends what was happening in my life, to my daughter, who suffers from a terrible neurological disease called tuberous sclerosis. At the time I wrote the essay, I had just learned that she had been diagnosed with a degenerative spinal cord disorder.

And then an amazing thing happened. More

Available ebook formats: epub mobi pdf rtf lrf pdb txt html

First 20% Sample: epub mobi (Kindle) lrf more Online Reader
Words: 4,020
Language: English
ISBN: 9781940480053
About Jennifer Lawler

Jennifer Lawler is the author or coauthor of more than forty fiction and nonfiction books. She writes about the publishing business at

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Niantic Jobs

Looking for jobs in Niantic? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Niantic jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.


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Sneads Jobs

Looking for jobs in Sneads? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Sneads jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.

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Claim:   Photographs show a one-eyed shark fetus.

Example:   [Collected via e-mail, July 2011]

Came across this “interesting” species of fish on a popular photo entertainment website. I later found a website claiming it’s an unborn shark fetus. Still seems kind of fishy . . .

Origins:   The term cyclopia describes a congenital defect in animals characterized by the fusion of the orbits into a single cavity containing one eye. In mid-2011, fisherman Enrique Lucero León was trolling the waters near Cerralvo Island in the Gulf of California and hooked a pregnant dusky shark. Upon cutting open his catch, he discovered ten shark fetuses, one of which was a 22-inch-long cyclopic shark fetus with a single functioning eye in the front of its head.

According to National Geographic:

Once biologist Felipe Galván-Magaña, of the Interdisciplinary Center of Marine Sciences in La Paz, Mexico, and colleague Marcela Bejarano-Álvarez heard about the discovery, the team got León’s permission to borrow the shark for research. The scientists then x-rayed the fetus and reviewed previous research on cyclopia in other species to confirm that the find is indeed a cyclops shark.

Cyclops sharks have been documented by scientists a few times before, also as embryos, said Jim Gelsleichter, a shark biologist at the University of North Florida in Jacksonville. The fact that none have been caught outside the womb suggests cyclops sharks don’t survive long in the wild.

Overall, finding such an unusual animal reinforces that scientists still have a lot to learn, Gelsleichter added.

“It’s a humbling experience to realize you ain’t seen it all yet.”

Last updated:   20 October 2011

    Dell’Amore, Christine.   “One-Eyed Anomaly.”

    National Geographic Daily News.   13 October 2011.


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Recycling Pickup and Transport

Prompt Pickups and Quality Service

Are you in need of a recycling pickup? Make SNT Recycling your choice for fast, professional recycling pickup, and transportation services whenever you're in need. You can count on us for 24-hour turnaround times from the moment you call. We'll clean up any area that has recyclable metals, for your convenience.

Keep in mind that SNT Recycling's recycling pickup and transportation services do not include trash pickups. We only accept recyclable materials. If you have any questions or would like to schedule a service, don't hesitate to contact us.

Simple and Easy Transportation Services

When your company is in need of metal transportation services, call SNT Recycling at 405-633-6047. We transport small loads of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in loads up to 7,000 pounds. Our transportation range is up to 50 miles, and when we schedule your service, we'll be able to let you know whether there is a small fee involved or no fee at all.
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Watch: INFINITE Comes Up With Creative New Ways To Express Their Love

2016-09-21 20:03:18 2016-09-21 20:03:18

On the recent episode of “Weekly Idol,” INFINITE competes among each other to see who can most creatively express their love for their fans.

Woohyun is named as INFINITE’s official “heart master” and (reportedly) one of the pioneers of the popular “finger heart.” When he’s asked to come up with a new way for 2016, Sungyeol steals the spotlight by doing a “bowling heart.”

Then Dongwoo tries to make a heart with his legs and is applauded for his out-of-the-box thinking, even if it doesn’t look quite heart-shaped. Finally, Sungyeol comes up with “ping pong hearts” and wins everyone over (especially L) with his creativity.


text:
John A. Thain

From SourceWatch
(Redirected from John Thain)
Jump to: navigation, search

John A. Thain has been President and Co-Chief Operating Officer of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. since May 1999, and has been a director since August 1998.[1]

"He was President of The Goldman Sachs Group, L.P. from March 1999 to May 1999 and Co-Chief Operating Officer from January 1999 to May 1999. From December 1994 to March 1999, he served as Chief Financial Officer and Head of Operations, Technology and Finance. From July 1995 to September 1997, he was also Co-Chief Executive Officer for European Operations."[2]

Thain is a "member of The MIT Corporation, the Dean's Advisory Council - MIT/Sloan School of Management, INSEAD - U.S. National Advisory Board, the James Madison Council of the Library of Congress and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's International Capital Markets Advisory Committee. He is also a member of the French-American Foundation, the Board of Trustees of the National Urban League and The Trilateral Commission, as well as a governor of the New York-Presbyterian Foundation, Inc., a trustee of New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a General Trustee of Howard University."[3]

Now Thain is the CEO of the New York Stock Exchange and has stepped down from Goldman Sachs.[4]

Resources and articles

Related Sourcewatch articles

  1. Board of Directors, Partnership for New York City, accessed December 28, 2007.


text:
Rugby Championship

Jean: Still lots of work

2013-08-18 13:35
Jean de Villiers (Gallo Images)
Soweto - Springbok captain Jean de Villiers played down his team’s massive 73-13 victory over Argentina in their opening Rugby Championship match at FNB Stadium on Saturday night, saying the Boks “still have a lot to work on.”

According to the supersport.com website, the Boks were simply scintillating in their nine-try demolition, racking up a huge victory - an apt performance for the inaugural Nelson Mandela Sport and Culture Day - and giving themselves a superb start to the competition.

But De Villiers was circumspect, especially as the Boks head to Mendoza this week for their first of three away games - something that will determine just how well they do in the Rugby Championship.

GALLERY: Nelson Mandela Sport and Culture day

VIDEO: Tip tackle on JJ Engelbrecht

After drawing there last year, the Boks will want a similarly clinical performance away from home next week.

Obviously happy with the win, De Villiers however tempered expectations, and believes the Boks still have a lot of work to do before they face antipodean rivals Australia and World Champions New Zealand in the coming weeks.

“We still didn’t use all the opportunities we created, and we didn’t capitalise on everything we did,” De Villiers said afterwards.

“We have to see the game in perspective. They got two yellow cards and one intercept try against them. We still have a lot of work to do.

“We will enjoy tonight because these nights don’t come around too often, but we know we want to improve every week. This may have been a great start for us, and we showed this week what we can do, but there are still things to rectify.”

De Villiers enjoyed playing in front of a 50 000-strong - and very vocal - crowd of very different supporters from what the Boks are used to.

He said that the atmosphere, which resembled a carnival at times, certainly inspired the Boks.

“The atmosphere was fantastic. We really enjoy that, and this is the difference in playing at home. We were happy to see the crowd and must thank them for their support. We know this is more than just a rugby game and sporting event. It was about the whole of South Africa and uniting the nation behind an icon.

“You could say the Madiba magic really worked for us today and we were very proud of our performance.”

In contrast a broken Argentine coaching staff lamented their performance.

"We are very disappointed," Argentina coach Santiago Phelan said. "In the first half we didn't take control of the ball, we were under pressure everywhere. In the second half we were broken."

Felipe Contepomi, who captained Argentina at the age of 36 and scored all their points, put it out there hard and cold in his assessment.

"Last year we struggled a bit, this year we struggled a lot," Contepomi said. "It's hard when you take a shot like that. We have to learn, and fast."

It is clear the Boks will need to be just as good in Mendoza and are nowhere near the finished article yet.

But a start like this is easy to build on, and certainly makes a statement.

Its now up to the Boks to back it up in the coming weeks.

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Mkhitaryan may miss Azerbaijan trip

2015-08-29 07:49
Henrikh Mkhitaryan (Supplied)

Berlin - Borussia Dortmund may be forced to do without Armenian midfield star Henrikh Mkhitaryan for October's Europa League clash in Azerbaijan because of a diplomatic dispute, according to media reports.

Dortmund play Qabala away in Baku, Azerbaijan, on October 22 and German daily Bild claim Mkhitaryan would be denied an entry visa by Azerbaijani authorities.

There are no diplomatic relations between bitter neighbours Azerbaijan and Armenia, who have twice been at war in the last century.

Given his impressive form with eight goals in their seven wins so far this season, Dortmund are banking on Mkhitaryan, who has won 52 caps for Armenia, not being denied the chance to play in Azerbaijan.

"We hope this does not happen. Henrikh is a super important player for us with his brilliant performances in recent weeks," Dortmund spokesman Sascha Fligge told German broadcaster Sport1.

Azerbaijani website azerisport.com claims Mkhitaryan would be arrested on arrival in Baku because of an illegal visit he made to the Nagorno-Karabakh region in 2011.

The area is southwestern Azerbaijan is at the heart of the last war between the countries from 1988 to 1994.

What To Read Next

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Three Texans Rookies Were Cut For Reportedly Smoking Weed In Their Hotel Room, Because That’s Just Unacceptable

  • Eric Goldschein

cierre woodOn Monday the Houston Texans cut three players — rookies Sam Montgomery, Cierre Wood (pictured at left) and Willie Jefferson — for violating team rules while at their Kansas City hotel. According to ESPN, sources say the violation involved smoking pot.

All three players were inactive Sunday against the Chiefs and were released the next day. These likely weren’t easy cuts to make either, as Wood was the third running back behind now-injured Arian Foster and Ben Tate, and Montgomery was a third round pick. Montgomery was reportedly out of shape for most of the season — any theories as to why, class?

From ESPN:

Three sources who wished to remain anonymous told that the violation occurred due to marijuana use…

Jefferson’s agent, Chad Cannon, told that the players were smoking a cigar in the team hotel and that illegal drugs were not involved…

Montgomery told Comcast SportsNet Houston that he walked into a hotel room where Wood and Jefferson were smoking a cigar Saturday and was later called from a meeting by coach Gary Kubiak.

A cigar, eh? You just walked into the room where two guys were smoking a cigar… eh? Likely stories, both. I’m sure nobody else has tried the ol’ “That blunt may have looked and smelled like a blunt, but it’s a cigar, silly!” and the ol’ “I was just minding my own business and walked into the room unawares!” excuses before. Rookie mistakes by rookie players.

There’s no doubt that these guys screwed up, but permit me to jump up on the soapbox for a second: At least these guys were sitting in their hotel rooms, getting high, not hurting anybody. They weren’t driving drunk, or getting in fights at the club, or slapping women, or drunkenly pissing off the neighbors, or perhaps murdering people. In fact, the Texans are tied for the fewest arrests in the league since 2000. Maybe if guys were smoking weed in their hotel rooms more often, we wouldn’t have so many of these issues.

Rules are rules, however, and now these guys know not to break them — or to at least come up with better excuses when they get caught.

Photo via Getty


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The Importance of Content Development

Why is content marketing crucial to your social media marketing strategy? In order to develop a social media presence, your brand needs to be creating shareable content that connects with your customers and provides them something of value. With content creation services from SteerPoint, you will always have fresh content that users can share across the web, lending you visibility and increasing engagement. Furthermore, good content allows your business to stand out as an industry resource. This lends credibility to your brand, building your reputation and instilling a sense of trust in potential customers.

Blogging & SEO

One of the most important aspects of content marketing is your company’s blog. Your blog is where you give your brand a voice, providing important industry knowledge and resources for your customers to turn to. In addition, blogging is important for your brand’s SEO campaign. Blogging provides fresh content for your website, backlinks, and social sharing opportunities. All of these factors are taken into account by search engines and help increase your rankings in search results, allowing you to be seen by your target audience.

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December 2013

St. James Anglican Church

From Fr. Ross…

The approaching celebration of Christmas prompts many reactions. At one end of the spectrum are those who exude, “Oh, I wish it were Christmas all year because I love all the excitement and the decorations and the presents and family and parties and concerts and midnight mass!” Others, overwhelmed by the enormity of the expectations, mutter, “Bah humbug!”

Wherever you fit on this spectrum (and some days we hit the whole range!), there is something in our December schedule for you: grand celebrations, opportunities for expressing generosity, times of quiet reflection, and this year a service of remembrance and hope for those who find this season especially difficult because of loneliness or loss.

For each of us, Advent and Christmas remind us that God is present with us whether we are weeping or dancing; relaxing or rushing; giving or receiving. Thanks be to God for this gift!

A Service of Remembrance and Hope
Sunday December 15th at 4pm
The Christmas season can be a painful reminder
of loved ones who are no longer present
to celebrate with us- whether from death, divorce,
estrangement, illness or distance.
Please join us for a service of remembrance.
Everyone is welcome.

December Services:

Weekdays, December 2 to 20
Morning Prayer 9:30 to 10 a.m.

Sun. Dec. 15
Advent 3 – Holy Eucharist at 8:15 & 10 a.m.
Service of Remembrance & Hope at 4 p.m.

Sun. Dec. 22
Christmas Pageant at 10 a.m.
Service of Lessons & Carols at 4 p.m.

Tues. Dec. 24 – Christmas Eve
Family Service at 4 p.m.
Candlelight & Carols – 7 p.m.
Midnight Mass with Choir – 11 p.m.

Weds. Dec. 25 – Christmas Day
Holy Eucharist & Carols at 9:30 a.m.

Up and Coming…
Thurs. Dec. 5th – Christmas Tree Lighting and Carols at 7 p.m.
Bring along a neighbour or a friend to sing a few carols and officially light our Christmas tree outside the front doors of the church.

Sat. Dec. 7th – Manotick Christmas Parade at 12:15 p.m. at Manotick Arena
Calling all parishioners of all ages!  Please come and participate with us on our float and make this part of your family’s Advent tradition. Our theme again this year is “Jesus the reason for the season”. Hot chocolate, cookies and carols after the parade at Hyfield Place, 5581 Dr. Leach Drive

Sat.  Dec. 7th – Cathedral Men and Boys Choir  2:00 p.m. at St. James
Followed by a reception. Tickets $15 or $25 for family pack (2 adults+children under 14 yrs).  Contact Joan Bowler at 613-692-2900 for your tickets or purchase them at the door.

Sun. Dec. 8th – Gift Drop-Off for Christmas Outreach

Mon. Dec. 9th  – Women’s Prayer Time at 7:00 p.m.

Tues. Dec. 10th – ACW Potluck & Meeting
Set-up at 6:00 p.m. Start 6:30 p.m.

Weds. Dec. 11th – Supperman in Tomkins Hall 4-6 pm
Sign up in office or at

Sat. Dec. 14th – Men’s Group Breakfast 8 a.m. in Tomkins Hall

Sun. Dec. 15th – Service of Remembrance & Hope at 4:00 p.m.

Weds. Dec. 18th – Youth mini Advent retreat with Father Ross 6-8 p.m.
All the youth in the Jr. Youth group, Confirmation Class, Confirmation Plus group and the F.A.I.T.H. team are invited to attend. Taco’s for supper in Tomkins Hall.

Fri. Jan. 3rd, 2014  –  Family Bowling night in North Gower from 7 – 9 p.m.
Everyone is welcome to come to the North Gower Bowling Alley 6548 Fourth Line Rd, North Gower, ON  K0A 2T0. Free will offering, Please see Donna Rourke for details.  Bring a snack to share!

Sun. Jan.12th – Spaghetti lunch after the 10:00 AM service
Free will offering. CLAY 2014 fundraiser

Opportunities to Give…
Supporting St. James Youth Ministry
The F.A.I.T.H. youth group would like to thank everyone for their continuing support as we move toward our fundraising goal for CLAY 2014. There is still time for personal, general donations to the St. James Youth Ministry. You can receive a tax receipt for charitable giving by clearly marking on your offering envelope and cheque: “DONATION TO ST. JAMES YOUTH MINISTRY”. Please consider supporting the Youth Ministry in this way.  Note…. to be included for a 2013 tax receipt, offerings should be handed in on or before the service on Sunday December 29, 2013.

Altar Guild-Donations or Memorials for the Christmas Services.
Donations to the glory of God for the plants and flowers are welcome.
Please note your memorial request on the flower chart or the church office by December 8th. Cheques made payable to St James (memo Flower Fund) may be put in an envelope from the pew & placed on the collection plate.

Centre 454 Annual Christmas Celebration
This year again we would like to help out Centre 454 with their Annual Christmas Celebration for the men, women and children they serve by donating items listed on their Gift tag. All donations received will be delivered after services on December 8th.  To help with sorting, please attach a “Gift Bag Checklist” tag (copies can be found at the front of the church or click here) to your item when dropping it off.

Youth Fundraising – Empty Bottle returns
The F.A.I.T.H. Youth Group is still collecting empty beer, wine, liquor bottles to assist with fundraising for their upcoming trip to C.L.A.Y. 2014 in Kamloops B.C. If you have any to donate, please bring them to the church or contact Donna Rourke to arrange for a pick-up at your home.

Gifts to the Community…We have been busy!  Last month had multiple activities and here is a brief snapshot of some of the events that took place…

The ladies of A.C.W. were busy bees in November and put together 64 Christmas gift bags for women in local shelters. They also reviewed their annual earnings and made decisions to donate $6,250 to various charities including F.A.I.T.H. Youth Group, Rideau Seniors (R.O.S.S.) and the Red Cross (for the Philippines)  – just to name a few.

On Nov. 16th, an unseasonably warm day, the Christmas Fayre brought people from far and wide to check out all the goodies for sale.  Many thanks to all who came, purchased, stayed for lunch or volunteered.  Although there weren’t as many visitors as previous years, the A.C.W. generously presented a cheque for $2,500 to St. James.

 On Sunday, Nov. 17th after the 10 a.m. service, first annual Advent Calendar event was held.  Brenda Kahler and Kate Stevenson did an excellent job organizing and preparing for what hopefully will become an annual tradition at St. James.  The youth group were on hand to help families construct and decorate the advent calendars.  The calendars looked awesome!

The Valdy concert held on Nov. 18th was a huge success and raised approximately $3,000 for the Karen Refugee ministry.  Many thanks to all who helped out and donated food for this worthwhile cause and to those who attended the concert.  A generous donation from Valdy himself contributed to the total.

Liam McGuire was the guest speaker at the Men’s Breakfast on Sat. Nov. 23rd.  Liam is a hockey author, hockey trivia expert & all around hockey guru.

St. James showed off its new big screen and surround sound in Tomkins Hall for about 40 people for the Grey Cup game. The F.A.I.T.H. youth group (with the help of Douglas Frosst) made & served chili for all the attendees.  Look for future announcements concerning Super Bowl and/or Olympic hockey games coming to our big screen!

Update on collections: Kathy Pitcher reports receiving: 14 glasses with cases; 14 glasses alone; 668 soup labels; 1/2 lb used stamps and 5 lbs pull tabs. Thank you to all who have dropped off these donations!

And finally this past Sunday a good crowd turned out for the annual Gingerbread Church decorating event. After a quick lunch, everyone had fun putting their own personal touches on their churches – and yes, some of the decorations actually made it on to the churches, some however ended up either on the floor or in stomachs! The funds raised at this event and the Grey Cup party will be going towards the travel costs for our youth going to Kamloops in August.

To see photographs from recent events, check out either our Facebook page or at our website under parish life – scrapbook.

Church Chuckles…

  (taken from actual church bulletins)
For those of you who have children and don’t know it,
we have a nursery upstairs.
The eighth-graders will be presenting Shakespeare’s Hamlet in the Church basement Friday at 7 PM .
The congregation is invited to attend this tragedy.

About Us…
St James Anglican Church

Please take note of our new email addresses:
Church office:
Fr. Ross:
Rev. Andrea:

1138 Bridge Street
P. O. Box 220
Manotick, K4M 1A3

Please note that the church office will be closed Dec. 23rd to Jan. 6th

In case of a pastoral emergency contact Rev. Andrea at 613-799-8759

Merry Christmas!
from the St. James’ Wardens
Janet Harris-Campbell
Roger Soler
Myra Conway
Lynda Turner
This entry was posted in 2013 news, Newsletters, Root. Bookmark the permalink.


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Sumol Special Edition in Nazaré

After 14 days of waiting, Praia do Norte didn’t disappoint the expectations of the one thousand plus spectators that went to the beach to watch the fourth edition of Sumol Nazaré Special Edition.

Mike Stewart was the big winner of this edition, in a podium where the international presences had eminence. The athlete was very “surprised, and, at the same time, happy for winning this contest in the first time competing”.

The Brazilian José Otávio won the second place. “I’m very happy for the second place in a contest with such a high level”, he said. The third place was given to Jaime Jesus, considered the best Portuguese in the contest.

After some qualm of some athletes due to the initial sea prediction, the stormy waves of the day before were replaced by a sunny day that allowed an excellent show of air maneuvers, huge drops and even some impossible tubes.

Luís “Porkito” Pereira surfed an unforgettable wave that was rewarded with ten points. The athlete did a 360. inside a tube, followed by a huge invert air. Porkito won the last two editions and showed all his courage and determination, although he got the seventh place in the contest.

Although Mike Stewart didn’t have any extraordinary maneuvers, the athlete showed consistency during the entire contest, its this reason why he took the first place back to Hawaii.

The organization considers that this fourth edition was a big success in what concerns to public affluence, not only local presences at the beach but also through webcasting at the website.

1. Mike Stewart
2. José Otávio
3. Jaime Jesus
4. Pierre Louis Costes
5. Rui Ferreira
6. João Pinheiro
7. Luís Pereira
8. Gastão Entrudo
9. João André Magoito
10. Ivo Mochacho
11. Paulo Costa
12. Hugo Pinheiro
13. Rui Pereira
14. Dino Carmo
15. Luís Coelho
16. António Cardoso
17. Bernardo Alvim
18. Ricardo Faustino
19. Gonçalo Campos
20. Manuel Centeno


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JR 3

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Gender:For Girls
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Bahama Breeze Sweepstakes

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Email Newsletter

$25 amazon.com gift card

Love sweepstakes, contests, and giveaways? Why not enjoy the best of them delivered to your mailbox every day or week! Join our email newsletter and you will be entered for a chance to win this week’s $25 Amazon Gift Card instantly! Official Rules.


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Love Your Texture Giveaway - Naturally Curly

54 winners, a prize package of hair products for curly hair worth up to $150.00. Submit your email address to enter this giveaway.

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Prize package of hair products for curly hair. ARV $50-$150

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Love sweepstakes, contests, and giveaways? Why not enjoy the best of them delivered to your mailbox every day or week! Join our email newsletter and you will be entered for a chance to win this week’s $25 Amazon Gift Card instantly! Official Rules.


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YOU COULD WIN $100,000 - $100k in Your Hands - Sprite Top

Their money could be your money, $100,000 of it. Sound good? Of course it does. Grab a specially-marked drink from Popeyes for an entry code* and follow the instructions below to complete your entry.

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Love sweepstakes, contests, and giveaways? Why not enjoy the best of them delivered to your mailbox every day or week! Join our email newsletter and you will be entered for a chance to win this week’s $25 Amazon Gift Card instantly! Official Rules.


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Good Bones Sweepstakes - HGTV Top

4 Grand Prize Winners will receive $5,000.00 cash. Limit of one entry per eligible person, per day, during the sweepstakes.

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Love sweepstakes, contests, and giveaways? Why not enjoy the best of them delivered to your mailbox every day or week! Join our email newsletter and you will be entered for a chance to win this week’s $25 Amazon Gift Card instantly! Official Rules.


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CodeCanyon EventsPlanner 2728343

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Last Update: 17 August 12; Compatible Browsers: IE7, IE8, IE9, Firefox 2, Firefox 3, Firefox 4, Safari 4, Safari 5, Opera, Chrome; Software Version: WordPress 3.4, WordPress 3.3, WordPress 3.2, WordPress 3.1, WordPress 3.0; Files Included: JavaScript JS, HTML, CSS, PHP.

EventsPlanner 1.0
EventsPlanner is a user-friendly and highly customisable WordPress plugin that makes it easy to setup an event submission form on your WordPress site and display approved events on a calendar. It works right out of the box which makes it quick and easy to get started without having to worry about any coding, but powerful enough to create highly customised and creative configurations.

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Steve from MultiPie getting involved at July's Tech Nottingham

Steve from MultiPie getting involved at July's Tech Nottingham

If you’ve been faced with hiring a good software professional in the past ten years you’ll know that it is tough; the smart people who get things done are few and far between.

As a country we are faced with a spiralling demand for tech professionals and a stagnating supply, and in small cities like Nottingham companies have to work even harder.

Talented technologists are scarce and each time you pluck one from the job market, you’re making it that bit harder for other local companies desperately hunting for people with those same skills.

Scarce Resources

We need to start thinking of our software professionals as a scarce resource. As with any other scarce resources on which you depend, like water or the trees that are cut down so you can print out your emails, to simply consume those talented individuals with no regard for how they will be replaced is downright immoral.

You’re making it harder for other companies to succeed, depriving them of the skills they need; companies that could be your customers or suppliers, companies that could be contributing to the local economy, that could be employing your friends and family. You’re also making it harder for yourself the next time you post that same job advert.

Mindlessly hiring local software professionals with no regard for the sustainability of the local software community is bad for everyone, including you.

How can you hire in a sustainable way?

The answer is to plant a tree for the one you just cut down. Why not two trees? Okay, plant two.

Give back to your local software community: make it easier for local people to become great tech professionals.

Here are some ways your company can help cultivate your local software community

  • Run a Code Club and give your developers time to go run Code Clubs of their own at local primary schools

  • Attend, and encourage your team to attend, local tech meetups; there’s Tech Nottingham of course, but also check out DotNetNotts, NottProgs and Second Wednesday - as a bonus your team will learn lots of new skills (for free!) AND you might meet some potential employees (for free!)

  • Contribute and encourage your team to contribute to local meetups by speaking, organising or just spreading the word

  • Sponsor a local meetup - Tech Nottingham’s sponsorship roster is currently full but you can still register your interest here or get in touch with one of the meetups above - what a great way to show everyone you support your local software community!

  • Hire people who contribute to their local software community - lots of people give up their time to attend, organise, speak, run Code Clubs and give back in all sorts of ways, what a great indictment of how passionate they are about working in software, and they could be doing it as an employee of your company

  • Work with local colleges and universities to encourage students to consider a career in software and help those institutions craft courses which arm students with skills that are relevant to the reality of working in our industry

  • Mentor young people who are interested in getting into software development

As professionals working in the software industry, we must demand that our employers and our future employers are companies that consume from our community in a sustainable way.

Are they contributing, or are they just consuming?

The next Tech Nottingham is this Monday, 4th August and features talks from Matt Relf, Jenni Brown & Jeremy Parsons - full details here - come along and get involved!

1 Comment


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Profile posts Latest activity Postings About

  • Hey is XFX getting out of the power supply business? I'm not seeing them listed anymore in some places and not in stock in others
    HI im using a xfx r9 280x and i have flickering/crashing issues on newest drivers, could you send me a new bios, my serial is Q5H038845 and my email is cyprusjacks@gmail.com
    use xfxsupport.com. The bios update wont address this serial #, this is something else. probably driver related or a cable failure
    Hello, i have a bricked XFX R7 250E graphics card the issue im having is that none of the bio listed on the site work for the card ive tried all of them and installing the drivers in windows but i keep getting
    Windows has stopped this device because it has reported problems. (Code 43)
    Core Radeon R7 250 800m 1gb D5 DP HDMI DVI
    Hello. I just bought last version of xfx xts 1000w- black -edition. I heard this is based on seasnoic's X-series 1000w platinum.

    So, I just wonder, would the cables interchangeable? . I'm desperate to use 'white' cables for my new rig..
    maybe, but i cant confirm it. i would think so.
    thank you very much.

    hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm ..hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm...hmmmmmmmmmm
    Could you help me out with an issue with my R9 290?
    It was working fine for 11 months, but it just stopped working. The computer was sleeping, I woke it up and no signal whatsoever - still works with old card.
    I tried registering the card last year and again when it stopped working, but it still says the serial number doesn't exist.
    I emailed the helpdesk about that a couple days ago, but still haven't heard back.
    I'm trying to register with XFX website, I have an X58i motherboard, but I need a bios update to support UEFI so I can use my new video card. I can't find the serial number on the board, and I'm not sure what to do from here.

    Unfortunately the x58 doesnt have a UEFI bios, nor bios update to support UEFI. It should be compatible with all modern UEFI enabled hardware. What kinds of issues are you having? please PM me instead of writing on my wall =)
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Use Dreamweaver to find and fix your website's broken internal links

See why Dreamweaver is the ideal tool for locating and fixing broken internal links on your local websites.

 A continual maintenance headache for web developers and website content owners is ensuring that all of their sites' links, images, embedded URLs, backgrounds, and image maps are performing as expected. You can automate this task by using tools specifically created for testing and checking all links on your local sites, intranet, Internet, or other URLs including external links.

In this two-part series, I'll review several tools that can help you find broken links. This first installment focuses on Dreamweaver, which can only be used for searching local internal links. The second installment will cover open source and free tools that can find external broken links in your websites. (Note: I used Dreamweaver CS5 for this tutorial, though the steps apply to other versions as well.)

First, you need to define a site using Dreamweaver's Site Setup. To create a new site from the Dreamweaver top toolbar, go to Site | New Site (Figure A).

Figure A

Next, you can name the site and browse to the local site directory by clicking the folder icon (Figure B).

Figure B

Once you're happy with your site name and local directory, click the Save button; your new site will show up in the Local Files directory (Figure C).

Figure C

With Dreamweaver, we have three options to check: the current document (web page), the entire site, or the selected files within the site. To check just the current web page document, from the Dreamweaver toolbar go to File | Check Page | Links or press [Shift]F8 (Figure D).

Figure D

For demo purposes, I created two broken links for the link checker to find. The link checking results are displayed in the Link Checker tab group (Figure E).

Figure E

To fix the broken links, click over each link displayed under the Broken Links column and enter the correct URL. If no known URL exists, then most likely the web page has been removed from the site, and you can delete the associated anchor reference. After entering the correct link, Dreamweaver will ask if you want to update the link in the file as well (Figure F). Click the Yes button to fix the broken references in the file.

Figure F

The links are updated, as shown in the example in Figure G.

Figure G

To check for broken links in the entire current local site, click the drop-down arrow at the left side of the link checker tab group, and then select and click the drop-down option to Check Links For Entire Current Local Site (Figure H).

Figure H

In this example for the entire local site, it returns 139 broken links with 199 orphaned pages (i.e., webpages without links to them) (Figure I).

Figure I

To view the orphaned files, select the option under the Show drop-down menu for Orphaned Files (Figure J).

Figure J

In this case, most of the orphaned files are under a beta directory, so we'll probably ignore those files. We're looking for any current site files that are also in a production environment.

About Ryan Boudreaux

Ryan has performed in a broad range of technology support roles for electric-generation utilities, including nuclear power plants, and for the telecommunications industry. He has worked in web development for the restaurant industry and the Federal g...

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install java

By goldeneyedeepu ·
dear tr members
if anyone knows please help me. i want to install java in my computer when i am trying to download it from the internet it comes other version of java that's not familiar to me actually i want the software in which i want to write programs and to run it what should i download and install for that purpose. i amusing windows 7
please help me

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