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SearchFrom Digikala to Hamijoo: the Iranian startup revolution, phase two | Technology | The Guardian

From Digikala to Hamijoo: the Iranian startup revolution, phase two | Technology | The Guardian... 31/05/2015 Internet-IT

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In Iran, Twitter, YouTube and Facebook are among many sites blocked by the authorities, spurring a generation of young entrepreneurs to invent their own versions. Now, with the prospect of sanctions easing and the world lining up to invest in the tech sector, is all that about to change?
Startup success stories, left to right: Mohammad Noresi, founder of Hamijoo, Nazanin Daneshvar, founder of Takhfifan and Tabassom Latifi, founder of Mamanpaz, photographed in Tehran. Photograph: Arash Ashourinia/Observer

* * * Saeed Kamali Dehghan
Sunday 31 May 2015 06.59 BST
Tehran may be thousands of miles away from Silicon Valley, home to the world’s largest hi-tech corporations and most innovative startups, but technologically, Iran’s online entrepreneurs are getting closer – despite mutual political hostility and international sanctions. This Thursday in Germany hundreds of Iranian startups will catch up with investors from around the globe in the biggest gathering of its kind, in a bid to bridge the gap.
The iBridges conference in Berlin, which aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of entrepreneurship in Iran, will be closely watched, especially at a time when diplomatic efforts to resolve Tehran’s nuclear dispute are increasing hopes for an ease in the sanctions that would enable foreigners to invest in the tech sector.
Participants from Iran include Digikala, an online e-commerce platform, which has become the biggest in the Middle East with around 750,000 unique visitors per day and is estimated to be worth $150m. Also participating is Aparat, an Iranian version of YouTube, Takhfifan (a Groupon-type website) and smaller startups such as Mamanpaz, which offers real home cooking to its online customers.
Prominent Silicon Valley investor Dave McClure, who is the founder of 500 Startups and a former investment director of the Facebook’s fbFund, will be attending. He is impressed by the list of startups that iBridges has put together. “Like many emerging economies, Iran has a large population, one which is substantially educated and has a large entrepreneurship potential,” he says. “If the country opens up and relations are restored with the US and other parts of the world, I think there is going to be a lot of economic growth. Definitely there are many interesting possibilities for tech startups, too.”
The problem, says McClure, is that current regulations do not allow investment in the Iranian tech sector. “Based on how US investment laws are structured right now it’s not possible for investors like me to invest directly in startups in Iran but we are optimistic that may change in the near future if relations are normalised.”
Internet and smartphone penetration is extremely high in Iran, where 70% of the 80m population is under 35. At least half of Iranians have access to a smartphone, according to officials. There are conflicting reports about the number of internet users but according to Internet World Stats, Iran has more than 46 million internet users (57.2% penetration), which is almost half the total number of internet users in the whole of the Middle East, although not all have regular access.
Even the government of the moderate president, Hassan Rouhani, has acknowledged the importance of the iBridges conference. “It will be a bridge between Iranian entrepreneurs across the world,” says Parviz Karami, a senior official, on the government’s official news website. “It will strengthen their scientific bases and enhance the confidence of those based in Iran.
“This is particularly significant for the country because of the sharp decline in our oil revenues, which may continue falling in the coming years. It will also help to slow down the brain drain from Iran and may even encourage some Iranians to come back.”
That’s a sentiment echoed by many Iranian entrepreneurs, including Takhfifan’s founder, Nazanin Daneshvar, herself a returnee. She is among the conference’s Iranian steering team, and describes iBridges as “a turning point” for Iran’s tech community.
The wave of Iranian startups in the past couple of years has seen the number of new companies and websites mushroom and regular startup weekends are taking place in various cities across the country. Isolation and sanctions have not stopped Iranian entrepreneurs from having ambitious plans. Farhad Hedayati, the founder of Taskulu, a task management platform, said his startup was primarily developed for use in English. The project which was developed with help from Avatech accelerator, has now over 8000 users from 120 different countries. Taskulu, however, will not be represented in iBridges as the request for a visa to the German embassy in Tehran was denied. Sanctions remain the big obstacle: Iran’s banking system is cut off from the outside world and there is no normal way of transferring money to and from Iran.
Hence, Taskulu has been forced to give services for free as there is no way for its foreign users to pay the firm. “Iran is a good place to work right now, it is opening up but the trade-off is sanctions,” he said. “Internally we can’t use many services because they are filtered from within Iran but also there are many international services which foreign companies have not made available for Iranian users because of sanctions.”
Despite these issues, Mohammad Noresi, 28-year-old founder of Iranian crowdfunding platform Hamijoo, is optimistic. “iBridges will be the first time I’m going abroad and I hope it helps us to find funds.”
But the lifting of sanctions will pose both a threat as well as an opportunity to Iranian startups, says Nima Akbarpour, presenter of the BBC Persian’s technology programme Click.
“Some big companies such as [leading mobile app store] Cafe Bazaar, which is an Android market, will probably face serious problems if Google were to directly enter the Iranian market,” he says, “whereas a company like Digikala will benefit from sanctions relief because it will have access to foreign investors.” Cafe Bazaar, which is run by 28-year-old Hessam Armandehi, is estimated to be worth $20m and offer more than 25,000 Iranian and international apps.
Aparat’s Mohammad-Javad Shakouri Moghaddam, left, and Hamid Mohammadi of Digikala, Iran’s version of Amazon. Photograph: Arash Ashourinia /Observer

* * * The other big threat to Iranian startups is Iran’s brain drain, says Mohammad-Javad Shakoori Moghaddam, founder of Aparat. “In our company, at least two people with key senior jobs have left for Canada and the US. The phenomenon is like a trap for startups like us.”
However, Hamid Mohammadi, Digikala’s co-founder, hopes that Iran’s burgeoning tech scene will prompt more Iranians to return to their homeland. “The situation in Iran is quite exceptional, there is a huge market for startups, something you can’t easily find in other countries, and maybe that’s why many of the Iranian diaspora are returning to Iran.”
Sanctions have not stopped foreign investment entirely – companies unconcerned with doing business in the US are willing to take risks. For example, a joint venture between South African telecom company MTN and the Germany-based company Rocket Internet has been launching startups in Iran, setting up Iranian versions of eBay (Mozando), Amazon (Bamilo), and even Uber (Taxi Yaab).
Rouhani has repeatedly spoken out against pervasive online censorship in the country (Facebook, Twitter and YouTube are all blocked) and has advocated free access to information – but he is not the sole decision-maker in Iran. All decisions about the internet are taken by the Supreme Council of Virtual Space, which is controlled by the hardline supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has the ultimate power in all state matters. In the words of Noresi, “filtering is like having a thorn in your leg, a thorn you have forgotten is there”.
Rouhani supports tech entrepreneurs and has also called for faster internet speeds and greater bandwidth in the country. “The era of the one-sided pulpit is over,” he said at a conference in 2014. “We should see cyberspace as opportunity. Why do we have so much fear? We should trust our youth.”
Millions of Iranians work round blocked addresses with help from proxy websites or virtual private network services (VPNs) but the authorities have responded by introducing more subtle filtering algorithms to hide content they don’t approve of. Not that this always works, after particular Instagram accounts and types of photos were blocked the company retaliated by using an encryption method which enabled all content to be viewed, including the decadent Rich Kids of Tehran account. The communications minister, Mahmoud Vaezi, has distanced the government from the establishment’s filtering policy, saying that his department has nothing to do with it. He prefers to emphasise the fact that internet bandwidth in Iran has significantly improved after a five-year gap, increasing by about four times. Users with 3G and 4G connections report better connections online, when they use Skype, for example, but “internet speed in Iran is still not in a good place”, the minister said earlier this year. Vaezi’s ministry also plans to increase the number of public buildings with free wifi by the beginning of next year.
The communications minister, Mahmoud Vaezi, has distanced the government from the establishment’s filtering policy, saying that his department has nothing to do with it. He prefers to emphasise that internet bandwidth in Iran has significantly improved after a five-year gap, increasing by about four times. Users with 3G and 4G connections report better connections online, when they use Skype, for example, but “internet speed in Iran is still not in a good place”, the minister said earlier this year. Vaezi’s ministry also plans to increase the number of public buildings with free wifi by the beginning of next year.
Iranian hardliners are nervous about iBridges. Vaezi has been summoned to parliament to explain the bandwidth increase. The Vatan-e-Emrooz newspaper, which has a conspiratorial mindset, published a front-page article in April warning that the event is aimed at orchestrating a “soft overthrow” in Iran and urged the country’s intelligence apparatus to be vigilant. It alleged iBridges founders Kamran Elahian and Hamid Biglari were closely associated with “the Zionist regime”, a reference to Iran’s arch enemy, Israel.
The conference aims to build bridges between Iranians inside Iran and the Iranian diaspora as well as with the tech industry in the west, says Kamran Elahian. He says the idea for the Berlin gathering took shape after a smaller group of Iranian entrepreneurs visited Silicon Valley in 2014. “It was a community effort. iBridges is not a place for politics or religious issues.”
Founded by Tabassom Latifi
Tabassom Latifi: ‘I’m happy our project is helping women too.’ Photograph: Arash Ashourinia/ Observer

* * * Mamanpaz is a Tehran-based online food delivery service which offers dishes cooked by actual mums to customers who prefer home cooking to canteen food or takeaways. Around 200 customers a day enjoy its old favourites such as “Lubia-polo cooked by Maman Maryam”, a combination of rice, green beans, minced meat, tomato and saffron, priced at around £2.
Tabassom Latifi, 29-year-old founder of Mamanpaz, was working for a corporate bank before she left to pursue this project. The idea took shape while she was participating in a startup weekend in the Iranian capital and was officially launched just over a year ago. Latifi did everything herself to start with but now has four office staff and five motorbike delivery people. Mamanpaz has various ways of testing the quality of the mothers’ cooking including snap inspections of their kitchens and seeking customer’s feedback via text message.
When Latifi first advertised for chef mums she was overwhelmed by the numbers who applied, from well-off housewives who wanted to be active in the societyto “single mums who take care of a whole family – I’m happy our project is helping them in a way as well.”
Founded by Mohammad Noresi
Mohammad Noresi of Hamijoo. Photograph: Arash Ashourinia /Observer

* * * Hamijoo is an online crowdfunding site that aims to help Iranian artistic and film projects – much like Indiegogo. In an economy struggling with international sanctions, Hamijoo tries to find an alternative way to support art and culture.
Its founder, Mohammad Noresi, is a 28-year-old graduate of biomedical engineering. He has previously worked on a number of failed tech startups but this latest project has quickly proved itself. Within two months of its launch, Noresi has had to taken on three new workers and is seeking to employ more staff.
Noresi says that more than 160 people have used Hamijoo to fund artistic projects so far. The five projects the site is currently collecting money for include a documentary by award-winning independent Iranian film-maker Mehrdad Oskouei. The film, called Daybreak Dreams, is the third instalment of a trilogy about children held in an Iranian juvenile rehabilitation centre. It took Oskouei seven years to obtain official permission to make the documentary, which is currently in post-production and has so far attracted 96m rials (around £2,000) from 23 different donors, 38% of the target.
Another project, a music album by Meysam Azad, has so far attracted 111 donations, a total of 20m rials (£400), 10% of its target. The big challenge, says Noresi, is that the Iranian diaspora who might like to participate have no means to transfer money to Iran because of the sanctions. “So many people have contacted us from outside Iran because they want to donate too but currently there is no way for them to transfer their money to us.”
Noresi will be travelling to Germany in June to participate in the iBridges conference, which is the biggest gathering of Iranian tech startups. It will be his first trip abroad ever and he hopes to meet big investors there.
Founded by Nazanin Daneshvar
Nazanin Daneshvar, whose Takhfifan is a discount site similar to Groupon. Photograph: Arash Ashourinia /Observer

* * * Takhfifan is a popular Iranian version of the deal-of-the-day website Groupon, the deal-of-the-day website, offering discounts in nine categories on from restaurants and coffee shops to theatre and concert tickets. It has more than a million email subscribers and offers 20 to 25 deals a day.
Its founder, Nazanin Daneshvar, is one of a growing number of women running tech startups in Iran. She left her lucrative investment job in Germany four years ago to return to Iran and become an entrepreneur in her home country. With the help of her sister, she launched the website, which at first offered just one deal a day on food and entertainment but soon grew to its present size. A deal advertised earlier this week offered 70% off a concert ticket at Tehran’s prestigious Vahdat hall. As the founder of a successful Iranian startup with 60 employees, Daneshvar was among a small number of Iranian entrepreneurs invited to a Silicon Valley conference last year to speak about Iranian tech startups. She is among Iran’s steering team of the forthcoming iBridges conference in Berlin.
Daneshvar says that when she started her project people in Iran were sceptical. “Four years ago, people in Iran didn’t know what startups were or they associated them with fraud,” she says today, “but now they are taken seriously and people show trust.”
Founded by Mohammad-Javad Shakouri Moghaddam
Mohammad-Javad Shakouri Moghaddam of Aparat. Photograph: Arash Ashourinia/Observer

* * * Aparat is an Iranian online video-sharing site which has become a household name in Iran. Like YouTube it shows everything from music clips to films to videos of cats. Its founder, Mohammad-Javad Shakouri Moghaddam, is also the CEO of Aparat’s parent company Sabaldea, which is behind a number of other successful startup projects in Iran, including, a Persian-language social-networking site with more than 3 million users, and, a free blog hosting service. Shakouri Moghaddam’s company started with three people 10 years ago and now has a staff of 65. Five million videos a day are watched on Aparat, and the site gets about 150 million hits a month. Recently Aparat has introduced a new service called Filimo, an Iranian version of Netflix, which is currently available free of charge. The authorites’ blocking of YouTube has inevitably contributed to the success of Aparat in Iran, says Shakouri Moghaddam, but he hopes to keep many of its users even if the Youtube ban is lifted.
“Of course the absence of YouTube here has helped us to grow,” he says, “but even if the filtering were lifted our emphasis on original content means we will be less affected.”
Founded by Hamid and Saeed Mohammadi
Hamid Mohammadi of Digikala. Photograph: Arash Ashourinia/Observer

* * * Digikala is an online Iranian e-commerce site similar to Amazon. It has been hugely successful, ranked by Alexa as the sixth most visited website in Iran, and is the biggest of its kind in the Middle East. With around 750,000 visitors per day and more than 2.3 million subscribers, 85-90% of Iran’s e-commerce takes place on Digikala.
Digikala was founded by two brothers, Hamid and Saeed Mohammadi in 2007. The idea first came to them, says Hamid, when they were looking to buy a digital camera online but could not find an Iranian website that gave the right specifications for various models and good reviews. They launched Digikala in a small rented office in Tehran with a group of seven people, offering only two products – mobiles and digital cameras.
Today, Digikala is reportedly worth $150m, has 760 employees and is operating in more than 20 Iranian cities, shipping more than 4,000 orders per day. It has same-delivery services in Tehran and the adjacent city of Karaj, and offers next-day deliveries to 20 other cities.
According to Mohammadi, the company has seen a 200% growth year-on-year since it was established. Although Iranians are cut off from the outside world financially and do not have access to international credit cards they have debit cards issued by Iranian banks, which work online internally. Digikala now sells everything from smartphones, to books, household items and cosmetics.
If sanctions were lifted, would Mohammadi fear Amazon would start delivering in Iran? “I don’t think Amazon is a threat to us. Even if they do see Iran as so big a market, they would have to establish a Persian-language Amazon. I think lifting sanctions would be more of an opportunity for people like us than a threat.”
---In Iran, Twitter, YouTube and Facebook are among many blocked sites, spurring young entrepreneurs to invent their own. If sanctions ease, will all that change?---

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Infinite Possibilities of Experience Hindered by Emotional Dependency

Pathwork Guide Lecture No. 157 | November 10, 1967

Greetings, my dearest friends. Again, I shall try to help you to move on from where you may be stuck. Although each one of you may have a different problem to encounter in yourself at this moment, this lecture will converge into the one truth you all need now so you can proceed in your development without hindering yourselves too much. So, let us understand certain fundamental factors as they exist in you and in the universe.

It is being said by all great spiritual teachings that creation is infinite in its possibilities and that humanity’s potential for realizing these infinite possibilities of happiness exists in the inner depths of each person’s being. Almost all of you have heard these words. Some of you may believe them, at least in principle; others may have their doubts about accepting them even in theory. Let us now try to overcome some of the difficulties in understanding these principles.

First of all, it is necessary to understand that no one person creates anything new. It is also impossible for anything new to come into existence. However, it is possible for a person to make manifest something that already exists. It is a fact that everything, absolutely everything, exists already on another level of consciousness. The word everything cannot convey the scope of this concept. When one speaks about God’s infinity or about Creation’s infinity, this is part of the meaning. There is no state of being, no experience, no situation, no concept, no feeling, no object that does not already exist. Everything in the world exists in a state of potentiality which already contains the finished product within it. I can see that this idea is not easy for human beings to embrace, for it is so contrary to your way of thinking, being, and experiencing on your average level of consciousness. But the more you can deepen your thoughts on this subject, the easier will it become for you to perceive, to sense, and to grasp it. Knowing and understanding this principle of creation — that all exists already and that human beings can make these existing possibilities manifest — is one of the necessary prerequisites to experiencing the fullness of life’s infinite potential.

Before you can create new possibilities of unfoldment and entirely new ranges of experience in your personal life, you must first learn to apply these laws of creation to the problem areas of your life where you feel troubled, limited, handicapped, or trapped. Healthy unfoldment of the real self follows the creation of a healthy personality. This can happen once you learn and comprehend that the laws of creation can work only if you apply them first to the troubled areas of the personality.

Whatever possibility you can conceive of, you can realize. Suppose you are immersed in a conflict from which you cannot see a way out. As long as you do not conceive of a way out, you truly cannot realize the already existing possibility of a resolution. If your concepts about the way out are hazy or unrealistic, so will be the temporary solutions that will appear to you as the only possibilities. The same applies to your life as a whole. If you truly comprehend that an infinite number of possibilities exist in any given situation, you can find solutions where it was hitherto impossible to do so.

It is your prerogative as human beings to make use of these laws of creation and to reach out so that these infinite possibilities can unfold, enabling you to partake fully of life’s offerings. If your life seems limited, it is only because you are convinced your life must be limited. You cannot conceive of anything more than what you have experienced up until now and are experiencing in the present. This is precisely the first handicap. Therefore, in order to expand your own possibilities of happiness, your mind must grasp the principle that you cannot bring something to life if you cannot first conceive of it. This sentence should be truly meditated on, for understanding this concept will open new doors for you. You should also understand that there is a vast difference between conceiving of further possibilities of expansion or happiness on the one hand, and daydreaming on the other. Wistful, resigned daydreaming that grabs fantasy as a substitute for drab reality is not at all what is meant here, and is in fact a hindrance to the proper conceiving of life’s potentials. You need to have a vigorous, active, dynamic concept of what is possible in reality. When you know that something you wish to bring about exists in principle, you have made the first step toward realizing it.

Therefore, I invite every one of you to contemplate what you truly conceive of as possibilities for your life. If you examine yourself closely, you will find primarily that you conceive of negative possibilities which you naturally fear, wish to avoid, and defend yourself against. When you use most of your psychic energies to defend yourself against possible negative experience, your motivation is negative.

Negative motivation does not necessarily imply a destructive intent. For that matter, a positive motivation in this context could also mean a very destructive intent or aim. The avoidance of a feared possibility implies negative motivation. Upon close examination of your mental and emotional processes you will find that you are negatively motivated to a considerable extent. This is one of the first obstructions which enclose you in an imaginary and unnecessary prison. This applies, of course, to all levels of your personality. It applies to the mental level, where you cannot really envisage the infinite vistas of experience, of expansion, of stimulation, of all sorts of wondrous and happy possibilities you have a prerogative to achieve in this life. It exists on the emotional level, where you do not allow the spontaneous and natural flow of your feelings, where you fearfully, anxiously, and suspiciously hold back. It also exists on the physical level, in that you do not permit your body to experience the pleasure it is destined to experience. All these are limitations which you artificially and needlessly inflict upon yourself.

The next obstruction to expanding your life and creating the best of all possible lives for yourself is the following cluster of misconceptions which are widespread in the world:  “It is not possible to be really happy!  Human life is very limited. Happiness, pleasure, and ecstasy are frivolous, selfish aims which truly spiritual people must abandon for the sake of their spiritual development. Sacrifice and renunciation are the keys to spiritual development.”  We do not have to further elucidate these deeply-lodged misconceptions which are often more unconscious than conscious. But it is necessary for you to discover the subtle way in which you abide by such general concepts, no matter what you consciously believe. You may discover these subtle reactions by observing your reluctance to take steps to realize a perfectly harmless and normal fulfillment of a genuine need or a truly constructive aim. You feel as though something were holding you back, paralyzing your efforts. Although there are often a number of other reasons for this reluctance as well — some of which we shall discuss shortly — it is also often true that you have simply accepted a negative idea that really makes no sense and has no good purpose.

Fear of happiness, of pleasure, of wide expansion into one’s life experiences is based on ignorance that such fulfillment could exist or that you possess all the powers, faculties, and resources to create and bring about what you wish. It is also based on misconceptions such as, “Pleasure is wrong,” or “It is selfish to want personal fulfillment.”  Fear of happiness is also based on the fear of being annihilated and dissolved if you ever trusted the flow of the universal forces and went with them. Such trust necessitates letting go of the ego-will and the ego-forces, and then surrendering to the beneficial forces of your deep nature.

Every single human being in this world harbors an attitude of fear and weakness. Because this corner of the personality usually induces a strong shame, it is kept secret, often even from the conscious mind. Many a different device is invented in order to hide this weakness and dependency which makes you feel utterly helpless, unable to assert yourself, and even unable to protect your truth and integrity. When it comes to this area of the soul one is constantly compelled to sell out and betray oneself in order to ward off disapproval, censure, and rejection. The need to be accepted by others is usually less shameful than the means to which the personality resorts to placate and appease others. The ways of defending yourselves are psychologically so fundamental that you cannot get far in your self-purification work unless you work on seeing how they function in your life. All the defense mechanisms you have discovered and perhaps even begun to remove are either your ways of obtaining what you consider to be the apparently vital acceptance of others, or your ways of hiding your shameful submission, often by an apparently opposite attitude of indifference, hostility, or compulsive and blind rebellion and over-aggressiveness.

Few things give human beings as much pain and shame as this inner, fearful, weak spot which makes them feel impotent and compelled to sell out. You already know, my friends, that this area of the personality has remained a child. The child does not yet know that the whole of the personality has grown up and is indeed no longer helpless and dependent. Infants and young children truly are helpless and dependent on the parents. But in the childish corner of your being you either do not know or do not want to know that this is no longer true.

The young child is dependent on its parents for all the basics of life:  shelter, food, affection, protection, and, last but not least, for the very necessary supply of pleasure. A human being cannot live without pleasure. To deny this truth is one of the most harmful errors. Body, soul, mind, and spirit wither without pleasure. As an adult you are able to find through your own efforts and resources your own shelter, food, affection, and safety, so you are also able to do the same with pleasure. In all these areas you must have contact, cooperation, and communication with others in varying degrees. You cannot provide yourself with any of these necessities without interacting with other people. But this interaction is entirely different from the passive, weak dependency of the small child. The thoroughly adult person uses his or her own best forces, intelligence, intuition, talents, observation, and flexibility to get along with others in giving and taking. Your adult sense of fairness makes you sufficiently pliable to give in. And your sense of self makes you sufficiently assertive not to be stepped on and abused. The often fine balance in these forces of communication cannot be taught. It can only come through personal growth.

The child is incapable of achieving this balance. It is rigidly one-sided in its insistence to receive, for this is its need. The same applies to pleasure. The child must have the parents’ permission to establish and utilize the source of all pleasure deep within itself. Through the parents’ permission the child will develop the strength and security to make meaningful contact. When you still need another person to permit you to  experience pleasure, you are still in the position of the child or infant. I repeat, this never implies that anyone can do without others, but for adults the emphasis is shifted. Mature adults find within themselves an inexhaustible well of wonderful feelings. Insecurity and weakness cannot exist when these feelings are activated.

When part of your development is arrested, you wait for another person, a parent-substitute, to make it possible for you to draw on the deep source of your own rich feelings. You know of and yearn for these pleasurable feelings, but you do not know that you are no longer a child dependent on others for being allowed to activate and express these rich feelings. This is your human tragedy, for you thus move into a vicious circle. Whenever a misconception is accepted as truth, immediately a vicious circle comes into being paralyzing the pleasure forces, which are a good part of the energy available to you. Your life thus becomes dull and lusterless.

To deny the intense pleasure of being, the pleasure of feeling the energy flow of your body, soul, and spirit, is to deny life. When a child suffers such denial, its psyche receives a shock from the repeated absence of pleasure and therefore the repeated presence of unfulfilled yearning. The shock prevents growth in this one area so that the whole personality grows lopsidedly. Your adult conscious mind ignores the fact that a crying, demanding, angry, and helpless child still exists within you. Your adult believes that you have grown up entirely. Yet on the unconscious level where this child exists, you are unaware that you have grown up and no longer need parental permission or a parent substitute as your source of pleasure and life. You do not know that you are free to move toward pleasure, toward your own fulfillment, toward the realization of your own powers to obtain whatever you want and need. This is one of the most fundamental splits in the human personality.

Let us now look a bit closer at this hidden corner of your psyche where all of you have remained children. Where do you ignore this fact and where does your inner child ignore the rights and powers of your adult state?  The particular vicious circle I mentioned before is this:  When you do not know that everything in the universe already exists, and that you can re-create it all by manifesting it in your own life, you feel dependent on an outside force or authority for all your wants and needs. Because of this distortion of the facts, you wait for fulfillment from the wrong source. Such waiting keeps your need perpetually unfulfilled. The more unfulfilled it is, the more urgent the need becomes. The more urgent the need, the greater your dependency, your hope, and the more frantic your attempts to please the other who is supposed to fill your need. You then become desperate; the more you try, the less you fulfill your need precisely because your attempts are unrealistic. Consciously you know none of this; you do not know what forces drive you nor even in what direction you are driven. You become desperate because in your urgency to have the need fulfilled you betray yourself, your truth, and the best in you. Your frustrated striving and your self-betrayal create a forcing-current.

The forcing-current may manifest in a very subtle way and may not be overt at all, but the emotions are all cramped up with it. This must inevitably affect others around and have its lawful and appropriate consequences. Any forcing-current is bound to make others resist and shrink back, even if what they are forced to do is for their own benefit and delight. Thus the vicious circle continues. The continued frustration, which you believe to be caused by the other person’s mean refusal to cooperate and to give, brings into your soul rage, fury, perhaps even vindictiveness and varying degrees of cruel impulses. This, in turn, weakens the personality even more as guilt comes up. You conclude that your destructive feelings must be hidden so as not to antagonize this other person whom you perceive as the source of life. The net of entanglement becomes tighter and tighter; the individual is completely ensnarled in this trap of misconceptions, distortions, and illusions with all the destructive emotions that follow suit. You find yourself in the preposterous position of craving the love and acceptance of a person whom you hate and resent for having left you unfulfilled for so long. This one-sided insistence on being loved by a person one deeply resents and wishes to punish increases the guilt, for the ever-wakeful presence of your real self flashes its reaction into a mind that is unable to interpret and sort out the messages of the real self from those that come from the child inside.

The fact that your need is not fulfilled by the other also weakens your conviction that you have a right to the pleasure you so much desire. You vaguely suspect that you may be wrong to even want this pleasure. Thus you begin to displace the original, natural need and desire for pleasure into other channels where they are sublimated. Other, more or less compulsive, needs come into existence. All the while you are torn between the force of the deeply hidden original need and the doubt that you have a right to its fulfillment. The more you doubt, the more dependent you become on reconfirmation by an outside authority — a parent-substitute, public opinion, or certain groups of people who represent the last word of truth to you.

The more this vicious circle goes on, the less pleasure remains in the psyche, while unpleasure accumulates. Such a person must increasingly despair about life and doubt that fulfillment is possible. There comes a point when a person inwardly gives up.

There is not a single human being who does not harbor within such a weak area, at least to some degree. In this secret corner, you feel not only helpless and dependent, but also deeply ashamed. The shame is due to the methods you employ to placate the person who at any given period is supposed to fulfill the role of the authority and grant you what you need in the way of pleasure, safety, and self-respect.

The forcing-current says, “you must,” and you make demands on others to be, feel, and do what you need and desire. These demands may not manifest outwardly at all. In fact, on the surface you may totally lack self-assertion. Your inability or difficulty to healthily assert yourself is a direct result of having to hide the underlying shameful and threatening forcing-current. It is threatening because you know quite well that if it shows openly, it will evoke great censure and disapproval and possibly even overt rejection.

I invite all of you to vigorously face this area in yourselves. Some of you have done so already; others are still struggling with it and have only half-heartedly admitted its existence. Perhaps some of you may still have to face up to it. But all of you must tackle it if you wish to realize life’s and your own best potentials, and if you wish to discover your own infinite powers to create infinite goodness in your life.

The stronger the “you must” is secretly thrown at others, the more you inactivate your own powers. The result is that you become paralyzed and inactive in body, soul, and mind. This inactivity keeps you from moving into your own nucleus, the place where all realistic promise and all potential for every kind of fulfillment and delight exists. You inadvertently make yourself hang on to others which must elicit hate in you. Finding the treasure of your own nucleus, on the contrary, makes you free. Then contact with others becomes a delightful luxury that elicits love.

By continually using inner, covert pressure on others because you believe you are dependent on them, you diminish your available energy supply. If energy is used in its natural, correct, and meaningful way, it never exhausts itself. You know this, my friends. Energy only exhausts itself when it is wrongly used. There are innumerable methods which human beings use in order to switch on this forcing-current. They include compliance in varying degrees, passive resistance, spite, withdrawal, refusal to cooperate, forceful outer aggression, intimidation, and persuasion through false strength and assumption of an authority role. Deep down they all mean, “You must love me and give me what I need.”  The more blindly you are involved in this way of being, the more you weaken and then further alienate yourself from the center of your true inner life, where you find all that you can ever need and want.

In order to reorient the soul forces toward health and restore their true nature, the following has to happen:  let go of the particular person or persons from whom you expect your life fulfillment and whom you simultaneously resent for this very fact. You must all recognize that you place expectations and make demands on others which no one else but you yourself can fulfill. All you need and long for, including real love, can only come when your soul is fearless, and you know that the strength of your feelings with which you can give and receive love is located within you. For as long as you hang onto another person in the way of a child, denying the adult you are, you enslave yourself in the true sense of the word. The more you do this, the less you can either receive or give, and the less real feelings of any sort about any vital experience can find their home within you.

Because fear and anger take up most of the room in your psyche, it is essential to let out these negative emotions in the way you learn to do in the Pathwork where no one is harmed. Letting out fear and anger makes room for the good feelings. So many of you are still locked and paralyzed. Expressing fear and anger is the last thing you want to do. Even if you admit to such negative emotions in principle, you still prefer to act them out in unconsciousness rather than expressing them directly and taking the responsibility for them. You still claim a false perfection — even though you do not really believe that it exists in you any longer — in order to favorable dispose others toward you. Also, you cling for dear life to negative emotions because you fear positive feelings. This is yet another aspect of the same vicious circle.

The less you see yourself as responsible for the negative feelings you still possess as well as for your right and ability to create happiness, the more you must live in fear. Consequently, the more you must do something to eliminate that fear. Thus negative motivation comes about. You live a makeshift life of avoidance rather than create an expansive, unfolding life filled with positive experience and pleasure. You aim to avoid the threat of expressing your own negative feelings because they would spoil your obtaining from others everything which you must in fact obtain from within yourself. You stake your salvation on others from whom it can never come.

Your reorientation to life — apart from the fundamental necessity of recognizing all these negative aspects — must always begin with the willingness to let go. This cannot be forced upon one who has not been made aware of the dependency itself in very exact ways. But once this is the case, it becomes possible to give up what one has been so tightly holding on to. This loosening up must occur to bring about a change in the balance structure of soul forces so that benign circles can begin to perpetuate themselves.

You also need to be willing to dispense with your rationalization that appears to make your case seem justified. For you can always succeed in presenting your life to yourself and to others as though your wishes, needs, and demands on others are not only justified, since there is nothing wrong with them, but are also beneficial for the other person. This may even be quite true, as far as it goes. What you want, in principle, may indeed be good and within your right. But when using a hidden, emotional forcing-current, you go about seeking satisfaction in the wrong way and not granting the other person the same freedom you wish for yourself. You do not give the other person the right to freely choose whom to love and accept or the right not to be rejected and hated for asserting this freedom. You do not even give the other the right to be wrong without being hated and totally denied. This is a freedom which you very much wish for yourself, and you deeply resent others when they do not grant it to you. You are unable to defend yourself in an adequate way in such cases only because on certain emotional levels you do not grant this same freedom to others. When you look very closely you will find this to be true. And when you do so, your sense of fairness and objectivity will help you to give up what you so desperately hold on to, even while you emotionally still believe that your life depends on getting the other to feel and do as you wish.

Once you have learned this initial condition, allowing for the number of inevitable relapses that must forever be newly observed, you will make a huge step toward that source of your inner being where you are not chained in weakness and anxiety, or in fear and anger. You all chafe at some leash around your neck that keeps you dependent and anxious in a situation in which you cannot find the strength to assert yourself, in which you find yourself absolutely caught and unable to see a way out because each possibility seems wrong. You know that none of the visible alternatives give you that good feeling about yourself, that resilient strength and well-being, in which even difficult steps become feasible because you know they are right for you. Most of you have at least occasionally experienced this state of inner knowingness when your real self was freely operative within you. It is our aim to bring out that real self completely.

In order to liberate the real self, you must find that area of your life where you are most bound and most anxious. Ask yourself what it is you want from the other when you are so bound, so resentful, so afraid, so weak, so unable to be yourself. Experience this leash which can be given up only when you stop wanting from others what you must supply for yourself. Verbalize concisely to yourself whatever you find you need from others. This will bring you nearer to letting go. You will then know that this is precisely the compulsive need with which you enslave, weaken, and paralyze yourself. When you let go, you will experience a new, resilient strength coming out of you that suddenly conciliates apparently insoluble problems. You will become free as you let free. Only when you can lose on the ego-level can you win on the level of the real self, where the power is to create a good life.

Conversely, your inability to give up, to be fair, to let others free, your insistence to win and have your way, and your refusal to lose on the ego-level make it impossible for you to win where it counts and where you would find your real strength. Jesus Christ meant this when he said that he who wants to live must be willing to lose his life. In one of my very first lectures, I spoke of this when I said, “You must give up what you want to gain.”

Here we are dealing with levels of consciousness. I hope it is quite clear that no sacrifice or renunciation is required. What is meant is that you cannot obtain what you want, and what you indeed should have, by pressuring an outer source with all your efforts. The emphasis must shift. If you insist that you must win on the wrong level, you cannot truly win. If you can lose on that ego level, you will win. You will then inevitably come into that nucleus of yourself where every conceivable power exists. As you grant others the right to be, whether it is convenient to you or not, to that extent you will truly find your own rights.

It is a steady growing process to find these rights. The process will first manifest by your no longer selling out or downgrading yourself. You will find genuine, good defenses against abuse and you will feel good about them. Later you will discover your ever-increasing right for pleasure and happiness. You will find that you move toward visions of what your life could be, toward possibilities you never dreamed could exist. You will suddenly permit yourself pleasure. You will no longer cramp up against it, as you inadvertently continue to do now. You will stop undermining the spontaneous processes, and you will learn to trust them. This will open a richness of life and a security that truly are heavenly. By letting go and giving up your inner forcing-current, you will experience the beauty of free, unforced relationships. When you live in the old dependency pattern, you force others to make them do what you want. Thus you have mutual forcing-currents. This weakens you and creates a host of negative emotions which cause you to lose contact with the nucleus of your real being, as well as with your good feelings. When you can lose gracefully, you will find a treasure within, a new way of life which is an entirely new venture on which you are just embarking. The areas in your life where you feel so weak and so trapped will cease to exist.

Reach into your inner being and communicate with it for the purpose of eliminating this weakness in you that binds you and that wastefully and needlessly holds you back in your life. No matter how much you may glorify this holding back, it serves no good purpose. All of you do hold back in one way or another, just as humankind has done for millennia, by saying that pleasure is wrong and frivolous and unspiritual. You may have your own private excuse to beautify your weakness and apparently make an asset out of it. Yet in following this reasoning you cannot really come face to face with yourself. Only by coming face to face with your weakness and dependency, with your forcing-current that says to others “you must,” can you also come face to face with your strength and beauty, and with all the potentials that exist in you in a way you cannot even fathom yet.

Be blessed by the great strength that is here now, but even more so by the great strength that dwells in you. Be in peace. Be in God!


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Condo for Rent in Jomtien, Pattaya

  • Condo
  • 125 sq.m
  • 2
  • 2
  • Ref. CR1630
Condo in Thailand
35 000 THB/mo

Condo for Rent in Jomtien, Pattaya.

Condo - High floor, internal size 125 m sq, 2 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, fully furnished, fully fitted kitchen, TV, DVD, Cable, direct telephone, AC, microwave, hob, gymnasium, sauna, close to local amenities, close to the beach, restaurant, balcony/terrace, beautiful sea views, communal gardens, communal swimming pool, car park, 24hr Security.

Bedrooms - 2

Bathrooms - 2

Sea views

Close to the beach

Close to amenities

Air Conditioning

Fully Furnished

Car park

Communal swimming pool

Communal gardens

24H Security Guards

The material on this website is for general information only and is from time to time subject to review and changes without notice.
All reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the content provided on the website and Pattaya Realty Co., Ltd accepts no responsibility or liability for any errors, omissions, misstatements or inaccuracies in, nor any liability to update, the said material.


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Category Archives: photography course

Polymer Gravure printing

I can’t exactly remember when I first came across polymer gravure printing. It is a modern variant of the copperplate gravure process that the photographers  Alvin Langdon Coburn and Edward Steichen used to great effect in the early 20th century. Maybe it was the book of Mr Coburn’s work I was given whilst at college.  All I know is that it has been driving me nuts for at least two years, as several attempts haven’t got me very far. Two weeks ago I attended a three day course at Rabley Drawing Gallery in Marlborough, run by printer Martyn Grimmer with […]

RPS photography course at Mill Dene Gardens

After the success of the flower photography course Jason Ingram and I ran last May with the Royal Photographic Society, the follow up was held last weekend. This time it was for two days,  with detailed assessments and plenty of time for practical experience in the beautiful gardens at Mill Dene, in the Cotswolds. Again we had a full house with 10 students who all appeared to enjoy themselves, despite the fact that at 6am the expected beautiful morning light was, in fact, rain! Plan B came into play and a daylight studio session was held instead. Our next planned course will […]

Keep it simple, silly!

Over the last two or three years I have been running photo-sessions with colleagues who want to improve their photographic skills. An hour’s guidance can often help people see photography in a completely new way. Usually for personal work, or for those in the transitional stage between film and digital, I find teaching can be rewarding, especially when seeing someone make progress. In most cases, there is a eureka moment – a basic concept suddenly makes sense, with many other things slotting into place. As there is so much information available in books and online that it becomes difficult to […]


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Fairfield University Barone Campus Center Addition

The original Campus Center, built in 1965 of precast and cast-in-place concrete, stepped up a hillside with four levels on the East side and two on the West, explains Kevin Minster, Project Manager for architect Goody Clancy. A two-story, glass and cast-in-place concrete addition was added alongside the East end of the building in 2001.

A major design advantage of architectural precast cladding is that its virtually an unlimited variety of aesthetic appearances that can be achieved by varying aggregate size and selection, matrix color, finishing processes, and depth of exposure of the aggregate. The recent Barone Campus Center addition at Fairfield University is a case in point.

The latest two-level, 20,600-square-foot addition, begun in December 2016 and finished by September 2017, adjoins the West side at building levels three and four and offers a prime example of the design possibilities of architectural precast concrete.

The project included renovation of the existing structures, creation of a new main entry circulation, and and lounges by enclosing a former walkway and patio, expansion of the building’s multi-purpose space, the addition of a faculty dining room, and extensive expansion and update of the student dining and kitchen areas located on the top floor, which now seats 710.

Tucked low against the existing building, the addition engages with the existing green roof and terrace. The West side of the addition features a graceful, curved façade that follows the main campus circulation pathway. Floors and roof consists of concrete slabs on metal decks.

Creating Tapered Precast
“Adding to the original structure and the 2001 addition,” says architect Minster, “the goal was to speak to both designs, integrate and tie the whole together. We wanted to again use precast to pay respect to the original building, but we wanted to do so with a little more updated approach. We chose tapered precast to showcase the depth of the concrete.

“Interestingly,” Minster adds, “the original exterior wall we were enclosing with our addition has a concrete bas relief mural on it. So, the building already had a history of playing with concrete to create depth, definition and sculpture.”

Coreslab Structures (CONN) Inc. was selected as a team member to provide the unique and varied precast exterior envelope desired for the addition because of their expertise in panelization and architectural precast concrete formwork.

“We produce a lot of architectural product since we make our own forms.” explains Rob DelVento, Coreslab VP and General Manager. “Our custom forms are produced using high grade birch plywood and we have experience making our own rubber rubber molds as well. We have a number of cabinetry-grade carpenters that work for us.”

For the Barone Campus Center addition, the firm was charged with creating various tapered shapes, line-work and multiple finishes. Coreslab produced 10,450 square feet of decorative architectural precast panels in 28 pieces for the project. The uninsulated panels are tapered and vary from 5 ½-inches to 8-inches thick, are as large as 15 ft wide and 38 ft tall, and feature cast-in windows. Cast horizontally in the plant in wood forms the panels were placed on steel shake tables and were lifted and rotated by crane. Spray foam insulation was installed on the back of the panels on site.

The large size panels lower erection cost by reducing the number of panels required and offering fewer connections and fewer joints to waterproof. Precast erection took just six days.

Aesthetic Versatility
The exterior panel design for the Barone addition is, indeed, extremely creative, according to DelVento. “Precast cladding panels are unique on each of the addition’s three sides of the façade,” he notes. “The architect designed a new look every time you turned a corner by changing the tapers, changing the direction of the tapers, changing the sizes of the panels, and changing the sizes of the windows.”

“We varied the [architectural] precast at the window openings,” explains Minster. “We designed tapers into the window surrounds and we designed the tapers in different directions on each of the two floor levels to play with shadows and changing light throughout the day. The shadows lines rake across the concrete, especially on the curved façade side.”

“All the precast panels are all white,” DelVento adds. “The aggregate was also an opaque white. Panel finishes include light sandblast, medium-heavy sandblast, and a light chemical etch. There are portions of the panels that are thick and there are portions of the panels that are tapered. The reveals are in the tapered sections only.”

Sustainable elements of the Campus Center include locally sourced materials, such as the architectural precast, energy efficient lighting, increased storm-water retention, and improved insulation. However, the major project sustainability feature, according to Minster, is that instead of demolishing and building a new structure, “we reused existing infrastructure and existing built resources.”

Why Precast?
The university chose precast concrete cladding for the latest Barone addition, in part, because the original, 50-plus-year-old Center also featured precast concrete, believes Del Vento. They were aware, he maintains, that precast concrete is a highly durable product with low life term costs.

“Economy,” Minster agrees, “was definitely a big driver and appealed to the owner. Scheduling was also a factor. Being able to lift and place precast panels as fast as they did was huge for this project.

“But from a design side,” he adds, “we really like the flexibility [of precast].There is a form liner texture in our tapered panels which was custom designed. We would draw up a detail and they [Coreslab] would mock it up in their shop. We went there several times to see mock ups and different levels of sandblasting and different colors of concrete mix. The vast opportunity for flexibility and options was really appealing.”

Project Details

Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT

Structural Engineer:

Silman (Robert Silman Associates), New York, NY

Skanska USA Building Inc., New Haven, CT

Sq. Footage:

26,000 (addition)

Architectural Precast Elements:

• 28 pieces (10,450 ft2) of architectural precast concrete panels

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• Listing status icon

  • Closed 6/15/18 | MLS#: 31334972
  • 5Beds
  • 3Baths
  • 2,336Sq Ft

12769 Hotchkiss Freeland, MI

Listing provided courtesy of: Century 21 Signature Realty

Stunning quality home in Freeland Schools! This home features 2336 square feet including a first floor master suite with a walk-in closet, 5 bedrooms total, 2 1/2 bathrooms, a large living room containing a natural fireplace with a gas insert, a spacious kitchen with Kenmore Elite appliances, and first floor laundry! Below is a fully finished basement with poured brick-pattern walls and 1438 square feet including 7 rooms, a large bar prepared to finish in whatever style you choose, 9 foot ceilings, a large stand-up freezer, and an egress window for natural light! The home sits on 4 acres of property and includes a cul-de-sac driveway with tons of parking space, sprinkler system, and patio for outdoor entertaining space. Other features include: natural gas available at the road, a reverse osmosis water conditioning system, a 2 1/2 car attached garage, cable run to the basement, and double-paned windows! This home is a must-see! Call for your private showing today!

General Features

  • Municipality Tittabawassee Twp
  • Association Fee No
  • Financial Terms Cash, Conventional
  • Lease No
  • Manufactured No
  • Ownership Private
  • Sale/Rent For Sale
  • Subj to Short Sale Approval No
  • Year Built 2000

Building Features

  • Appliances Dishwasher, Disposal, Dryer, Microwave, Range/Oven, Refrigerator, Washer
  • Basement Type Egress/Daylight Windows, Finished, Full
  • Cooling System Ceiling Fan(s), Central A/C
  • Exterior Construction Vinyl Siding
  • Fireplace Features Gas Fireplace
  • Foundation Type Basement
  • Garage # of Car 2.5
  • Heating System Forced Air
  • Square Feet 2,336
  • Structure Style 2 Story
  • Water Heater Propane Hot Water

Room Features

  • Bedroom 1 Length 21
  • Bedroom 1 Level First
  • Bedroom 1 Width 12
  • Bedroom 2 Length 15
  • Bedroom 2 Level Second
  • Bedroom 2 Width 11
  • Bedroom 3 Length 14
  • Bedroom 3 Level Second
  • Bedroom 5 Length 15
  • Bedroom 5 Level Second
  • Bedroom 5 Width 11
  • Dining Room Length 23
  • Bedroom 3 Width 11
  • Bedroom 4 Length 14
  • Bedroom 4 Level Second
  • Bedroom 4 Width 11
  • Dining Room Level First
  • Dining Room Width 9
  • Kitchen Length 15
  • Kitchen Level First
  • Kitchen Width 12
  • Laundry Room Length 9
  • Laundry Room Level First
  • Laundry Room Width 6
  • Living Room Length 22
  • Living Room Level First
  • Living Room Width 22

Property Features

  • Exterior Features Lawn Sprinkler, Patio
  • Lot Size 314 x 556
  • Roads Paved Street
  • Sewer Septic Septic
  • Water Private Well

  • School District Freeland Comm School District

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Pat Devereaux

989-923-4305RE/MAX of Midland

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Days on Market

  • This property was listed on the market for 37 days

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Pat Devereaux

989-923-4305RE/MAX of Midland

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Community Demographics for Zip Code (Freeland)

* All numbers in this section are 2016 projections provided by Geolytics Inc

School Information for (Freeland)

School data for this property is not available.

* School data provided by US Department of Education

The data relating to real estate for sale on this website is provided in part by Saginaw Board of REALTORS. Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed. The property information provided on this website is for the personal, non-commercial use of consumers and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. ©2018 All rights reserved.

* Rates and payment information listed in the mortgage calculator are provided as for general reference only. Specific mortgage information should be verified with a qualified lending professional


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Farmacia italiana online: Comprare antibiotico Amoxicillina e Roma senza ricetta.

Accelerates metabolism for dieters*
Jiaogulan, also known as Gynostemma andSouthern Ginseng, is a remarkable herb • Contains anti-cancer activity and immune
popularly believed to be a major anti-aging, protection*
longevity tonic and a virtual “cure-all.” Theultimate greatness of Jiaogulan lies in its broad • Brings balance to the body under stressful
spectrum adaptogenic quality. It has the abilityto bring balance to the body under a wide range circumstances*
of stressful circumstances. The chemicalconstituents responsible for the adaptogenic • Helpful for mental and neurological
characteristics of Jiaogulan are saponins called conditions*
gypenosides. Jiaogulan contains more thaneighty different gypenosides, the broadest • Reduces fatigue, increases vigor*
range of saponins in one plant in nature. * What are the benefits?
Improves digestion*
Studies indicate that Jiaogulan has a regulating,adaptogenic influence on the central nervous • Helps to adjust blood sugar and reduce
system. It is calming when one is overexcited blood fat*
and stimulating when one is depressed. It is anantioxidant, immune modulating, anti- • Lowers LDL and increases HDL
inflammatory, anti-aging agent; it improvesdigestion, strengthens the mind, improves cholesterol*
sexual functions, calms nerves, eases pain,adjusts blood sugar and reduces blood fat. As a • Enhances cardiovascular function
diet herb, it helps by accelerating the body’smetabolism. It will help reduce weight in • Powerful antioxidant and adaptogenic
overweight people, and can help athletes, activity
bodybuilders or excessively slim people gainweight. It has been shown to lower LDL andincrease HDL cholesterol and is effective in Supporting Research:
treating liver damage and hepatitis. Recent Arichi S, et al. “Saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum as neoplasm inhibitors.” Jpn. Kokai TokkyoKoho. Jpn. 1985; 60(105):627 research has indicated that Jiaogulan has both Bergner P. The Healing Power of Ginseng. Prima Publishing. 1996; 107 Duan Y, et al. “Anti-inflammatory and Immune functions of jiaogulan.” Zhong Cheng Yao. Chinese; protection/prophylactic agent for HIV infected 1990; 12(5):45Hou J. et al. “Effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum makino on the immunological function of cancer individuals. The direct effects of gypenosides patients.” Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (K9K); 1991; 11(1): 47-52 Li Lin, et al. “Protective effect of gypenosides against oxidative stress in phagocytes, vascular liver, lungs, skin and uterus was studied and endothelial cells and liver microsomes.” Cancer Biotherapy. 1993; 8(3): 263-272Liu J, et al. “Effects of a gypenosides-containing tonic on the serum SOD activity and MDA content in the results showed that these saponins inhibited middle-aged and aged persons.” Journal of Guiyang Medical College; 1994; 19(1): 17 the proliferation and growth of cancer cells.
Song WM, et al. “Comparison of the adaptogenic effect of jiaogulan and ginseng.” Zhong Cao Yao.
. 1992; 23(3): 136 Studies also confirmed Jiaogulan increased the Teeguarden R. “Cultivating Essence,” Sante Fe Sun, August, 1996 white blood cell count of patients receiving Wallace EC. “Adaptogenic Herbs: Nature’s Solution to Stress.” Nutrition Science News. May, 1998; chemotherapy and radiation, improving their 3(5): 244, 246, 248, 250Zhou S, et al. “Pharmacological study on the adaptogenic function of jiaogulan and jiaogulan coumpound.” Zhong Cao Yao. Chinese; 1990; 21(7): 313 Supplement Recommendation:
* This information has not been evaluated by the FDA. It is not intended to For the most effective benefits, look for a diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
product that has been naturally extracted andgrown or wild crafted without the use ofchemical fertilizers, pesticides or preservatives;preferably in a vegetarian capsule. Be sure it isa standardized true spectrum herbal supplementwithout fillers, binders or common allergens.

The AIDS Conspiracy Truth is way stranger than fiction, and here is an example. An Allopathic playing their part. First you round up some vaccine believers for a Hepatitis B vaccine 'experiment'. [ Note : even though they haven't proven a hepatitis virus exists, they are now killing babies with this vaccine (a long tradition of vaccination), on the r

Microsoft word - mb_letterhead_hi-res.doc

Mercedes-Benz Canada Inc. A Daimler Company Extensive renovations complete at Mercedes-Benz flagship downtown Toronto facility TORONTO, ON – The renovation and expansion of the flagship Mercedes-Benz Downtown store on Dundas Street East in Toronto is complete. The landmark dealership is now the largest in the Mercedes-Benz Canada network and features a beautiful, contemporary new car sho

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Farmacia italiana online: Comprare antibiotico Amoxicillina e Roma senza ricetta.

Hand DP1, Averley PA2, Lyne JP3, Girdler NM4. 1Senior House Officer, Department of Child Dental Health, Newcastle Dental Hospital. 2Principal General Dental Practitioner, Queensway Anxiety Management Clinic, Billingham, Teesside. 3Honorary Clinical Lecturer, Department of Sedation, Newcastle Dental Hospital. 4Professor and Honorary Senior Consultant Department of Sedation, Newcastle Dental Hospital. Key Words
Paediatric dentistry, Conscious sedation, Midazolam, Sevoflurane, Fentanyl. Contact Details.
Dr. Darren Hand Dept. Paediatric Dentistry Newcastle Dental Hospital Richardson Road Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AZ United Kingdom Abstract
Background. Child dental anxiety is widespread, and it is not always possible to
treat children using traditional methods such as behavioral management, local anaesthesia and even relative analgesia. In such cases a dental general anaesthetic (DGA) is the only option available to facilitate dental treatment in anxious children. Aim. This study describes an advanced conscious sedation protocol which allows
invasive treatment to be carried out in anxious children. It incorporates the use of titrated intravenous midazolam and fentanyl and inhalation agents, sevoflurane and nitrous oxide/oxygen, which is administered by a Consultant Anaesthetist. The aim is to produce an evidence based study which can offer a sedation technique as a safe and Study Design. Retrospective audit.
Method. 267 clinical records were audited retrospectively from a specialist sedation
based clinic, for children aged between 5-15 years old. The subjects all underwent invasive dental procedures with this technique between August and November 2008 Results. 262/267 (98%) of the subjects were treated safely and successfully and
without the loss of verbal communication using this technique. This included many treatments requiring four quadrant dentistry, with both restorations and extractions as necessary being carried out in one visit. 5 subjects (2%) did not tolerate treatment and had to be referred for a DGA. No medical emergencies occurred. Conclusions. Based on the evidence for this group of patients, this advanced
conscious sedation technique utilising inhalation sevoflurane and nitrous oxide/oxygen and intravenous midazolam and fentanyl, offers a safe and effective alternative to DGA when carried out in a dedicated, specialist environment. Introduction and Background.
Dental anxiety in children is widespread and the problem of treating extremely anxious children, other than by a hospital admission for DGA, is an area which has seen progressive research [Averley et al., 2004a]. Many new techniques researched include the use of oral and transmucosal benzodiazepines, intravenous propofol, inhaled sevoflurane, and ketamine, all of which are considered to be acceptable for anxiety management in children [Averley et al., 2004a; Gilchrist et al., 2007; Hosey, 2002; Mikhael et al., 2007; Millar et al., 2007; Wilson et al., 2006; Wilson et al., This audit was carried out at Queensway Anxiety Management Clinic (QAMC) in Billingham, Cleveland, UK. It is a clinic which provides a unique, specialist, dental referral centre for children and adults who cannot be managed in normal general practice with behavioral and local anaesthetic techniques alone. Treatment here is carried out by a professional team of 12 dentists, each of who have postgraduate training/qualifications in conscious sedation. This is in conjunction with six Consultant anaesthetists who provide full-time management and cover for patients, six days a week. QAMC delivers dental care for more than 8000 children and adults per year [Averley et al., 2004b], using a range of sedation techniques which are each specific to the individual and their needs. These techniques range from simple Relative Analgesia (RA) using inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen in combination with local anaesthesia (LA), to a more complex procedure of advanced conscious sedation, which incorporates inhalation and intravenous techniques. Dental practitioners who are both appropriately trained and experienced in conscious sedation assess patients in line with current Standards for Conscious Sedation in Dentistry guidelines [SDAC, 2003], and the Standards for Conscious Sedation in Dentistry: Alternative techniques guidance [Standing Committee on Sedation for Dentistry, 2007]. Following these guidelines, as a first line of management, inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide (RA) is offered to both adults and children. If this treatment does not meet the requirement of the individual then adults and children over 16 years old are offered treatment with intravenous midazolam as a lone sedative, or with the possibility of additional RA to help decrease their anxiety. For the more anxious or uncooperative children (generally under 16 years of age) where experience dictates that they would not be able to tolerate treatment under RA, or for those who have previously failed RA, then these children are offered an alternative to DGA and are invited to be treated using advanced conscious sedation techniques. Express written consent is gained and these children are sedated in line with current guidelines [SDAC, 2003; Standing Committee on Sedation for Dentistry, 2007] and treated using a combination of titrated intravenous midazolam and fentanyl, with the addition of inhaled sevoflurane (0.3%) and nitrous oxide (40%). These drugs are administered by a specialist trained consultant anaesthetist in conjunction with a dedicated team who carry out all necessary dental treatment, generally in one visit. This audit was implemented to assess the success of the outcomes with this sedation technique, in the treatment of anxious paediatric dental patients as an alternative Materials and Methods
The combination of intravenous midazolam and fentanyl is not a new technique for use in paediatric care in the hospital environment [Mamula and Markowitz, 2004; Sury, 2004;]. From this concept, an anxiety management technique for treating paediatric dental patients was developed for use at QAMC by the Consultant anaesthetists and dental teams, which also included the addition of inhalation Audit Design
The design of this audit is retrospective and was achieved by extracting quantitative data from patient record cards and extrapolating it onto data collection sheets over a three month period commencing from 1st August 2008. Population and sample
In total, 420 clinical records were inspected between 1st August 2008 and 31st October 2008, producing 267 viable inclusions for the audit. (Table 1) Inclusion criteria for study data collection:  Children deemed to be ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology)  Children aged 5-15 years old who will agree to sit in the dental chair at assessment and are able to tolerate an examination.  Children, who when assessed by dentists experienced in the management of anxious children, were unable to accept treatment under LA alone or in combination with RA.  Children deemed to have an adequate degree of comprehension and understanding regarding the treatment (if necessary with the support of  Children deemed to be able to accept breathing through a nasal hood and able to have EMLA® (lidocaine and prilocaine) topical anaesthetic cream applied to the dorsum of the hand. Exclusion criteria for study data collection:  Children ASA III or above for treatment  Children with hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, sevoflurane, nitrous  Children aged below 5 years old, or 15 years old or above.  Children who had refused the nasal hood, or who would not sit in the dental chair prior to, or at the start of treatment on the day. This would have resulted in non-cannulation with no intravenous drugs being given, and treatment therefore being abandoned.  Children who had failed to attend (FTA) or who had cancelled their  Children who were on their second visit for the same course of treatment and had experienced fentanyl before.  Children who had no record of drug increments in their clinical notes Sedation technique
The patient is assessed for treatment in line with current sedation guidelines [SDAC, 2003; Standing Committee on Sedation for Dentistry, 2007], which includes a full medical history and weight measurement. Valid written consent is then gained by the legal parent/guardian for the treatment of the patient and fasting instructions and attendance instructions are given both in written form and verbally to the parent/guardian, who will also be acting as their supervisor. An appointment is made and topical anaesthetic cream (EMLA® cream) is given to the patient to apply before their appointment. This cream is applied to the dorsum of the hand an hour before treatment is due to commence to prevent pain upon intravenous catheter insertion. Once the patient is in the chair a correctly fitting MATRX M® scavenging nasal hood is placed on the child and 0.3% sevoflurane and 40% nitrous oxide is inhaled for approximately two minutes at a flow rate of 6 litres/minute. This is to help settle the patient’s anxiety and to allow cannulation to take place. After successful cannulation has been obtained by the anaesthetist, fentanyl is added intravenously (0.5g /kg) followed by 0.5mg of midazolam per minute. The midazolam is titrated by the anaesthetist to a clinical end point where the patient is sedated to an appropriate level to allow treatment to commence. The patient is always able to maintain verbal contact in accordance to current UK General Dental Council requirements [GDC, 2005]. A Drager- Julian anaesthetic machine, manufactured in 1998, is used to administer the inhalation sedation agents and also monitor oxygen saturation, blood pressure and other tracings (see below). The nasal hoods used had been specially adapted to incorporate a probe to measure fractional inspired and end-tidal, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. The anaesthetist continually monitored oxygen saturation, heart-rate, blood pressure, capnography, fractional inspired sevoflurane and end-tidal sevoflurane on a written record sheet. These variables were recorded every five minutes, along with the increments of drugs and the outcome of Data Collection
The parameters recorded were: age, weight, sex, drug dosage regime and outcome of the treatment. A non-successful outcome was deemed as the child having accepted cannulation and titration of drugs, but being too uncooperative to complete treatment successfully. If treatment was abandoned at this stage then the procedure was classed as a failure with an unsuccessful outcome recorded, and the patient referred for a DGA. All data from the clinical records were recorded onto a data collection sheet using the patients’ clinical number only to allow for complete confidentiality. Data were then entered into Microsoft® Excel® spreadsheet for analysis. Analytic strategy
The main outcome measurement for the audit was to establish whether the use of this advanced conscious sedation technique was safe, successful and met without incidence. Using a Microsoft® Excel® spreadsheet, results were drawn up giving percentages, means and standard deviations. A Chi-squared test was undertaken to compare the successful completion of dental treatment using this technique against a 267 children classed by the American Society of Anesthesiology grading for ASA grades I and II were included in the audit. Amongst these children the gender was approximately even with 52% being male and 48% being female (Table 2). The age in years of population treated (Table 2) shows a mean of 8.8 (+/-2.7). The weight in Kg of the population treated (Table 2) shows a range between 15 – 97, with a mean of 33.4 (+/-15.4). Intravenous Midazolam dosage.
The mean dosage of intravenous midazolam (mg) given per individual for treatment Intravenous Fentanyl dosage.
The range of intravenous fentanyl (µg) given to the population (Table 2) is between 12.5 and 85with a mean of 33.2 (+/-13.7). Primary outcome measures.
The primary outcome measures (Table 3) show that 98% (262/267) of children successfully completed their treatment with this advanced conscious sedation Comparison of previous studies.
A comparison of studies carried out at the same centre (table 4) show that 98% (262/267) of children successfully completed their treatment with the addition of fentanyl, compared with 93% (249/267) of children with the omission of fentanyl [Averley et al., 2004a]. This was shown to be statistically significant (P=0.012). Complications
All children included in the audit were responsive to verbal commands once sedated and throughout the duration of the treatment and during recovery. No child lost consciousness and no adverse events were encountered during treatment that required emergency medical intervention or hospitalisation. Of post-operative complications recorded, three children suffered from post-operative vomiting and were given an anti-emetic (ondansetron). A further child, who was feeling dizzy and disorientated after treatment, was reversed with flumazenil to aid recovery. The clinical records taken showed that all children remained well saturated with no patient falling below 95% oxygen saturation during treatment or in recovery. The children were discharged to their supervisors once they had satisfactorily completed a series of subjective tests for recovery and were judged by the anesthetist/dentist to be clinically recovered. Discussion
The advanced conscious sedation technique that has been described and analysed in this study is not in common use in the UK and is not used for every child needing dental treatment at QAMC. The advanced conscious sedation technique is used once it has been established that the patient will not accept conventional behavioral with local anaesthetic or RA for their dental treatment. Without this advanced conscious sedation technique, the only other option open for treatment of these children is via a DGA. Subsequently, it is clinically vital to acquire further knowledge about the safety and success of the conscious sedation techniques used, in order to protect these patients who may be offered this option for their treatment. It is also important to ensure that the conscious sedation techniques being developed and being used fit with current UK guidance on conscious sedation [SDAC, 2003; Standing Committee on Whilst this audit is necessary to evaluate current practice at QAMC, it cannot adequately assess the full frequency of possible adverse events which may occur outside a specialist setting. It is very encouraging however, that the results presented show clearly that the administration of intravenous fentanyl and midazolam, along with the gaseous inhalation of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide resulted in a very safe and comprehensive success rate of treatment in these children, whose only other option was a DGA. This was statistically more so when compared against a previous study carried out in the same centre in 2004, using only intravenous midazolam, sevoflurane and nitrous oxide/oxygen. It also recorded that a high proportion of these procedures carried out were to address multiple carious lesions, generally in four quadrants and requiring both extractions and/or restorations. The clinical significance is that when this technique is delivered in a specialist care setting with the involvement of consultant anaesthetists and specially trained dental teams, then this technique is shown to be both safe and effective, while also reducing the dependency on dental general anaesthesia for children. Following this, it is still important that further studies and controlled trials are undertaken in order to supplement and support the results from this audit especially when safety is paramount. Adverse events 4 children out of 267 children treated (1.5%) required the attention of the consultant anaesthetist during recovery. None of these children ever lost consciousness or experienced a drop in their oxygen saturation, but it still highlights that best practice for advanced sedation is one that should be carried out in a dedicated environment with the necessary collection of training, equipment and personnel to deal with any medical emergencies that may occur. Subsequently, it is a remit of QAMC that the whole dental team is efficient and well rehearsed in the management of medical emergencies with an up-to date emergency protocol which is evidence based, clear and easy to follow. Therefore it must be mandatory that further postgraduate training be undertaken to ensure that this advanced sedation technique remains safe and does not result in the fateful consequences of DGA which occurred in dental practice. However, there is still a place for DGA in dentistry, as children are extremely unpredictable and for some, treatment with conscious sedation will still Conclusion
The evidence from this audit concludes that by adhering strictly to the SDAC Alternatives Techniques guidance [Standing Committee on Sedation for Dentistry, 2007], advanced paediatric conscious sedation utilizing multiple intravenous and inhalational sedative agents can, and does work extremely well for patients at QAMC, and is a very effective and safe alternative to DGA.
Averley PA, Girdler NM, Bond S, Steen N, Steele J. A randomised controlled trial of
paediatric conscious sedation for dental treatment using intravenous midazolam combined with inhaled nitrous oxide or nitrous oxide/sevoflurane. Averley PA, Lane I, Sykes J, Girdler NM, Steen N, Bond S. An RCT pilot study of the effects of intravenous midazolam as a conscious sedation technique for anxious children requiring dental treatment -an alternative to general anaesthesia. Br. Dent. J. 2004: 197; 553-8. Department of Health. A conscious decision. A review of the use of general anaesthesia and sedation in primary dental care. London: DoH. 2000. General Dental Council. Standards for Dental Professionals. London: GDC, Gilchrist F, Cairns AM, Leitch JA. The use of intranasal midazolam in the treatment of paediatric dental patients. Anaesthesia. 2007; 62:1262-5. Hosey MT. UK National Clinical Guidelines in Paediatric Dentistry. Int. J. Mamula P, MarkowitzSafety of intravenous midazolam and fentanyl for pediatric GI endoscopy. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2004; 39:S359. Millar K, Asbury A, Bowman AW, Hosey MT, Martin K, Musiello T, Welbury RR. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of the effects of midazolam premedication on children's postoperative cognition. Anaesthesia. Mikhael MS, Wray S, Robb ND. Intravenous conscious sedation in children for outpatient dentistry. Br. Dent. J. 2007; 203:323-31. Standards for Conscious Sedation in Dentistry: Alternative Techniques. A Report from the Standing Committee on Sedation for Dentistry 2007. Standing Dental Advisory Committee. Conscious Sedation in the Provision of Dental Care: Report of an expert group on sedation for dentistry. DoH.2003. Sury MRJ. Paediatric sedation. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Wilson KE, Girdler NM, Welbury RR. A comparison of oral midazolam and nitrous oxide sedation for dental extractions in childre2006; 61: 1138- Wilson KE, Welbury RR, Girdler NM. Comparison of transmucosal midazolam with inhalation sedation for dental extractions in children. A randomised, cross-

Exclusions for Audit

Table 1: Total number of clinical records inspected and the percentage of

Primary Outcome Measurements

Table 2: Summary of results for audit population.

Comparison of Success Rate Treatment Outcome
Table 3. Success rate of completion of treatment for audit population.
Comparison of Success Rate
Primary Outcome of Group Cross tabulation
Chi square the difference between groups was significantly different at 5% level:
Table 4: Comparison of success rate of completion of treatment between 2004
(without fentanyl) and 2007 (with fentanyl) sedation technique studies.

Personalised healthcare

Background Information Roche Personalised Healthcare – In Brief Background Personalised Healthcare is based on the knowledge that different patients with the same clinical diagnosis may respond to the same treatment in different ways. While a certain drug might be highly effective for one patient, the same drug might not show the same desired results in another patient, despite

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Evaluate the Effectiveness of Fluoxetine 90mg Administered Every Week and Every 2 Weeks in Nursing Home Residents Terrance Bellnier, RPh, MPA, Shyam Karki, PharmD, MA, Tulio Ortega, MD, Adam Decatur, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy Practice ABSTRACT: PMH 6 Cost Data RESULTS: Effectiveness data DISCUSSION Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of fluoxetine 90mg every week/every 2 we

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Registration Information: Registration for new students of PDIK for odd semester starts on early February until the end of June while for even semester starts on early October until the end of December. The selection system for the applicants (student candidate) takes administration and academic completeness, and then proceeds to the next selection by conducting interview and psychological test (MMPI). The decision to accept student is issued by the suggestion from the Head of Study Program. The acceptance and the rejection of student candidate will be announced in written text by the Dean of FKUB to each student candidate’s address.

The procedure to apply is:

  • Student candidate filling the provided forms, which addressed to: Dean of Brawijaya University Medical Faculty, Jl. Veteran , Malang 65145, Telp. 0341-569117 Fax 0341-564755
  • As administration and academic requirements, the application is attached with three copies of:
  1. Legalized copy of graduation certificate (master degree).
  2. Legalized copy of grade list in University; for those who came from private universities have to submit state exams results.
  3. Assignment Letter/Permission Letter from superior (if the applicants are already working) that in the college years, he/she is freed from institutional duties. For lecturers from state university and private university the permission must be obtained from Rector. For student candidate from Health Departement the permission is obtained from her/his direct superior, for example, hospital director, chief of health bureau.
  4. Letter of infomation informing that he/she is not in structural position
  5. Letter of recommendation from three people who are considered capable of issuing the academic worthiness of the applicant.
  6. Letter of health information from state doctor, including letter of free from drug substances.
  7. Curricullum Vitae.
  8. Newest photograph with 4 x 6 cm size (4 copies).
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  12. Copies of certificate of TPA OTO-BAPPENAS & certificate which is equal with TOEFL with minimum score of 500. For the schedule of official TPA and TOEFL in Brawijaya University can be seen in ppsub service in

m. Scientific journal publication and or communication and participation in national/international seminar at least four in the last two years

  1. (Outline) plan for disertation research that will be taken during studying in PDIK

Selection schedule For Odd Semester 2015

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1st period of on line registration & tuition fee payment 7 Juli – 12 July
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Pakistan Must Build a Peaceful and Just Social Order

Focus_July1Pritam K. Rohila, Ph.D.

After years of dilly-dallying, the Pakistan government and the Army have launched an offensive against the extremists in Swat, Buner and Dir. In retaliation, extremists have carried out brazen and well-planned suicide and car-bombing attacks in different parts of Pakistan. They have targeted police and military personnel and installations, prestigious hotels, crowded markets and even religious scholars and mosques.

The Army offensive has resulted in displacement of three million people. Millions of those who did not or could not leave their homes are trapped in the crossfire.

Had the Pakistani government and army done what was needful before the extremists got entrenched in some parts of the country, things would not have been as bad as they appear now.

If the government and the Army score a victory in their current struggle against the extremists, we still do not know how durable it would be. To enjoy its fruits longer, the government, the Army and the civil society will have do all that is necessary to ensure the country’s transition to a peaceful and just social order.

Most important, they will have to see that the young people’s minds are not poisoned with hate and prejudice against others, and they are not encouraged to use violence to resolve their disagreements with others

. Also, they will have to train the young in the art of critical analysis, independent thinking, good citizenship, and how to live in peace and harmony with others. Φ

Dr. Pritam K. Rohila is the Executive Director of the Association for Communal Harmony in Asia (ACHA). He can be contacted at

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text:
Ascent to Lafayette Square-sidewalk around Lafeyette Square Park on 2013-01-30

Climber: John E Sarna

Others in Party:Dennis Gaydos
Date:Wednesday, January 30, 2013
Ascent Type:Unsuccessful - Turned Back
Point Reached:Lafayette Square - sidewalk around Lafeyette Square Park
    Elevation:300 ft / 91 m
    Remaining Elevation:78 ft / 24 m (33% left to go)

Ascent Trip Report

---Peak inaccessible in January 2013 to ???? due to construction---

Drove to Vallejo to take Ferry to San Francisco, then walked from a Cable Car at Jones and California Streets to Nob Hill then Russian Hill then walked past the high point of this park since the entire Lafeyette Square Park was fenced off for some construction project. See Strawberry Hill for GPS walking route over this and 5 other high points in San Francisco.
Summary Total Data
    Elevation Gain:157 ft / 48 m
    Route Conditions:
Road Hike
Ascent Statistics
    Elevation Gain:157 ft / 48 m
    Distance:1 mi / 1.6 km
    Route:street of San Francisco
    Trailhead:Russian Hill  143 ft / 43 m
Descent Statistics
Ascent Part of Trip: SF peakbagging walk (0 nights total away from roads)

Complete Trip Sequence:
1Nob Hill2013-01-30
2Russian Hill2013-01-30
3(Attempt) Lafayette Square2013-01-30
4Hayes Hill2013-01-30
5Ignatius Heights2013-01-30
6Lone Mountain2013-01-30
7Strawberry Hill2013-01-30

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