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The carport and garage, at right, behind the home of Lervurance McDade is seen on Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2016 in the North Pointe neighborhood of St. Louis. McDade shot and killed Martinez Smith-Payne, 13, on Nov. 29, 2015 after he discovered Smith-Payne and two other boys looking through his parked car behind his house. McDade was charged with unlawful possession of a firearm but was not charged in the killing of the 13-year-old. (Photo © Whitney Curtis for The Trace)

The Gunfighters

The Reasonable Killing of an 89-Pound Boy

A child is gunned down for stealing change in heavily armed St. Louis, and Missouri gets a taste of what justice looks like when the NRA calls the shots.

This story was published in partnership with Rolling Stone. It is part of an ongoing series, The Gunfighters, which examines the NRA's influence on state policy and politics.

News cameras filmed Martinez Smith-Payne as he lay recovering in a bed at St. Louis Children’s Hospital. He was 10 years old, and had discovered a firework in a barren field in the northern part of the city. After he lit the fuse, it exploded in his left hand, blowing off all of his fingers except the thumb. When he later appeared on television, his destroyed hand was wrapped in a ball of gauze, and his eyes were covered with a mask, partially concealing his delicate face. Martinez was a small, frightened boy, but for his mother, Frances Smith-Woods, he made a show of bravery. “He was telling me it’s ok,” she said at the time. “I guess he didn’t know the severity of it.”

Three years later, on November 28, 2015, Martinez and two of his friends — Ernest Williams, 14, and another boy, who was 11 — climbed onto their bicycles and set off under a full moon from the St. Louis neighborhood of Walnut Park East, one of the most dangerous areas of a city with the highest homicide rate in the United States. Martinez, Ernest’s little cousin, was then 13. He had small ears and sharp cheekbones. He liked Hot Wheels cars, Nick Cannon, and The Polar Express. He weighed 89 pounds. His earlier accident had not raised his threshold for pain. When he received shots at the doctor, multiple family members had to hold him down.

Like almost everyone in Walnut Park East, the three boys were African-American. They rode their bikes past rows of dilapidated, single-story structures with broken gutters and broken windows, sagging porches and peeling paint. Some homes appeared to list heavily, as if about to topple over. Others were boarded up and empty, with signs posted by the city that said “No Loitering.”

As the night wore on, the boys reached Riverview Boulevard, a main thoroughfare where the homes are made of red brick and are in better condition than those in Walnut Park East. They pedaled into a concrete alley that ran behind the houses, softly illuminated by overhead lights.

Shortly before 12:45 a.m., the boys came upon a blue 1991 Oldsmobile sedan, parked in a carport behind a closed chain link gate, next to a white garage. The interior light had been left on, and it caught their attention. They were children with little access to spending money, and thought there might be some in the vehicle. They set down their bicycles and hopped over the gate.

The carport and garage, at right, behind the home of Lervurance McDade in St. Louis, where the three boys came upon an unlocked vehicle. (Photo: Whitney Curtis for The Trace)

The owner of the car, Lervurance McDade, was a 60-year-old black man who worked at Taco Bell. He was in his bathroom when he heard a rattling sound and looked out a window. There was movement. He retrieved a Colt Hammerless .380 semiautomatic pistol he had purchased from a friend, switched on a light attached to the garage, and opened the back door.

Outside, Ernest, the 14-year-old, stood watch by the driver’s door while Martinez and the other boy, whose name has not been released, poked around in the car. They spotted a container in the center console. Inside were four dimes and 15 nickels.

McDade peered into the night. From where he stood, the boys were more than 70 feet away. Another chain link fence, this one separating the carport from the backyard, stood between McDade and the unarmed children.

Seeing the boys, McDade yelled, according to an account he gave to police. Then, as they fled back over the gate and into the alley, he fired four shots in their direction.

An undated photograph of Martinez Smith-Payne. (Photo courtesy of Frances Smith-Woods)

Two of the boys landed safely. Martinez collapsed onto the concrete and called out for help. He had been shot in his side.

Ernest came over to Martinez as blood pooled onto the ground. He called 911 and police and paramedics arrived at the scene. Martinez told one of the responding officers that he’d gone into McDade’s yard to recover a basketball. Ernest said no, that wasn’t true; they’d been rifling around in the car.

An ambulance transported Martinez to St. Louis Children’s Hospital, his second visit there for an emergency. This time, he would not get the chance to speak to his mother and assure her everything was fine. He was pronounced dead at 1:37 a.m.

When police did their first interview with McDade, he told them that he was legally barred from owning a firearm because of a felony conviction two decades earlier. After handing over the weapon, he was arrested and taken to homicide headquarters, downtown. Gun violence had gotten so out of control in St. Louis that nearly half of the city’s 40 trial prosecutors were now dedicated full time to covering the epidemic.

It was now hours into the morning of November 29. Don Tyson, a veteran city prosecutor, had made his way over to the department. A stout, gray-haired man whose glasses tend to rest on the edge of his nose, Tyson is a member of the National Rifle Association and has taken part in well over 200 trials. The city’s homicide crisis — 188 people were killed in St. Louis in 2015, 178 of them with guns — was constantly on his mind, and he felt there was nothing worse than when the victim was a child. He watched from another room as detectives questioned McDade.

McDade said he had left his car unlocked as a precaution: In St. Louis, thieves were known to smash windows to steal change and other items, so it was common to put a club on the steering wheel and leave doors unsecured. He claimed he had never intended to shoot anyone, and only wanted to protect himself and his property. The intruders, McDade remarked, seemed to be headed in his direction. He admitted that he did not see any of the boys produce a weapon, but, as the police report stated, he “thought the males might be armed.”

Don Tyson, a veteran city prosecutor, during an interview in early December. (Photo: Whitney Curtis for The Trace)

McDade had used an illegal gun to shoot at three unarmed kids some 70 feet away from his home, killing one of them. In other places, and at other times, this would be the kind of reckless behavior that could at minimum lead to a charge of manslaughter. But Missouri’s legislature, along with those in many other states, had adopted a statute known as the “castle doctrine,” which says people can use deadly force to defend themselves on their property, so long as the individual “reasonably believes” he or she is about to be attacked. The principle is rooted in an incident from 1604, when an officer of the crown forced his way into the house of an Englishman named Semayne. According to Stand Your Ground, a forthcoming book by the Harvard historian Caroline Light, the British attorney general overseeing the case declared that “the house of every one is to him as his castle and fortress.”

In the last decade, gun rights groups — especially the NRA — have pushed to expand legal protections for people who shoot in self-defense. In 2005, Florida enacted a castle doctrine statute, crafted by the NRA, that permits people to not only kill home intruders, but also anyone they believe will do them “imminent” harm in any location they have a right to be. Soon after, the American Legislative Exchange Council, a powerful conservative coalition of legislators and corporations, used the Florida statute to craft a model bill, which it called the “Castle Doctrine Act.” ALEC worked with the NRA on the initiative, and advocated for it around the country. In 2006, 13 states adopted a version of the statute. By 2012, the number had grown to 22.

The Gunfighters

An ongoing series investigating the National Rifle Association’s influence on state policy and politics.

After the killing of Trayvon Martin in Sanford, Florida, in 2012, the provision of the new laws that applied to public spaces became widely known as “stand your ground,” after a phrase that appears in the statute. Martin’s death brought national scrutiny to the provision’s effects. In 2012, a Tampa Bay Times investigation found that, since the law was enacted in Florida, almost 70 percent of those using “stand your ground” as a defense had gone free. The newspaper also found that it was much easier to mount a successful defense if the victim was black. After studying the issue, the American Bar Association recommended that legislatures repeal broad self-defense statutes “because empirical evidence shows that states with statutory stand your ground laws have increased homicide rates.”

Don Tyson’s challenge, as he picked up his new case in St. Louis, was to determine whether the fear that led McDade to pull the trigger was reasonable and if it would be possible to prove otherwise.

Missouri’s first version of the castle doctrine, passed in 2007, provides heightened legal protections for people who shoot in self-defense if they are in their home or vehicle. Passing the law was a top priority for the NRA. Kevin Jamison, a weapons and self-defense attorney in Gladstone, a suburb of Kansas City, says a law was needed to protect people who acted to protect themselves or their families from harm.

“Basically, you could only shoot someone if you caught him in the act of crawling through your window,” he said.

Three years later, the Missouri legislature expanded the castle doctrine to include all of a person’s property. It was the updated statute that might protect Lervurance McDade.

“We have one of the most expansive castle doctrine laws in the country,” said Anders Walker, a constitutional law professor at St. Louis University. “Any prosecutor is going to think twice before prosecuting someone who shot an intruder on his property.”

Two weeks after watching McDade’s interview with the detectives, Tyson visited the crime scene. He was accompanied by Jennifer Joyce, the St. Louis Circuit Attorney, an elected official in her 15th year on the job.

A courtroom veteran with a plucky persona belied by weary blue eyes, she had lived in St. Louis all her life, and was publicly planning on stepping down when her term ended in 2016. It was ultimately up to her to decide what, if any, charges McDade would face. As the head of the 150-person office, it was unusual for Joyce to make excursions to crime scenes, but this case compelled her to take a more direct role.

“I wanted to see for myself the physical layout of everything, be in it, understand how this transpired,” she said.

As the attorneys examined McDade’s property, Tyson focused on the space around the car. The Oldsmobile was parked parallel to the garage, with its front facing the alley. The rear bumper, which bore damage from a bullet, faced where McDade had stood at the back of his house, holding his gun.

Martinez was on the passenger side as he rummaged for change, and Tyson observed that there was hardly any space between the side-view mirror and the garage wall. For Martinez to get away, Tyson reasoned, the boy may have had to first dash around the rear fender — and in the direction of McDade and his house — before turning back toward the alley. If that was the route Martinez had taken through the shadows of the carport, it might have given McDade the impression that he was being charged.

After they inspected the crime scene, the prosecutors interviewed McDade’s neighbors along Riverview Boulevard. “What we found was that the neighborhood was having a great deal of problems,” Tyson said. “Especially late at night. People breaking into cars, houses, and garages. The entire neighborhood was on edge.”

Rachel Smith, another veteran prosecutor assigned to the case, said she spoke to an alderman from the area after the shooting.

“He said, ‘I want you to know that everyone in the area knows that kids are carrying guns. That guy was scared,’” she said, adding, “If everyone believes everyone else is armed, it doesn’t make the city safer; it makes people more willing to shoot.”

About a week before Christmas, Joyce convened a meeting in her office with the attorneys who had participated in the investigation. A framed picture of a black St. Louis teenager brandishing a firearm sat on a table. The photograph had made the rounds on social media. Joyce saw in the photo the hungry vortex of the city’s gun culture, swallowing up everyone it touched.

Jennifer Joyce, Circuit Attorney for St. Louis. In the decade she has served as the city’s top prosecutor, Missouri’s gun laws have been dramatically weakened. (Photo: Whitney Curtis for The Trace)

Tyson characterized the discussion as “very collegial.” Everyone agreed on the course of action. They would bring against McDade a single charge of wrongfully possessing a firearm.

“The layout seemed to corroborate his story,” Tyson said. “All Mr. McDade knows is that he has three guys in his locked yard, breaking into his car. And the first move he sees is towards him.

“What’s reasonable comes down to a calculus by us. We’re not going to require someone to be shot or shot at before he clears the hurdle of reasonable fear.”

Last month, the terms of McDade’s probation were set after he agreed to plead guilty to the gun charge. He won’t spend any time in prison. After the case was closed, he told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch that he just wanted to put the episode behind him.

“All of us are very concerned about gun violence in St. Louis,” Joyce said. “Particularly when a young person is killed like that — if there was a way to prosecute that case, we would do it. We’re not afraid of tough cases.”

McDade did not respond to requests for an interview. On a recent visit to his home, there was a sign on his front lawn seen frequently around St. Louis. “We must stop killing each other,” it says.

Prosecutors don’t like to hypothesize about what they might do differently if a statute didn’t exist. The lawyers in the St. Louis office who handled the McDade case say they are confident they made the right decision, given the specific facts presented to them.

Still, Joyce makes little secret of her dislike for the castle doctrine and disgust with Missouri lawmakers, who over the last decade have radically rewritten the state’s firearms laws.

“I’m generally troubled by the steady stream of legislation that has eased restrictions on guns,” she said.

In September, politicians in the state House and Senate overrode the governor’s veto of a sweeping new gun bill. One plank of the legislation removed the requirement to obtain a permit before carrying a concealed weapon. Another added yet more protections for gun owners who injure or kill for putative protection, making Missouri the first state to pass a “stand your ground” law since Trayvon Martin’s death. As of October 14, the ambiguous standard governing the use of deadly force now applies anywhere a person has a right to be, not just within certain boundaries, such as the fencing around McDade’s property.

The front lawn of Lervurance McDade’s home on December 6, 2016 in the North Pointe neighborhood of St. Louis. (Photo: Whitney Curtis for The Trace)

The NRA fought for these laws. Its influence over the heavily Republican legislature is hard to overstate. Seventy percent of Missouri state lawmakers have received a grade of A- or better from the group.

Earlier this month, I met with Joyce and some of her team members in their downtown office, just blocks from the Gateway Arch that greets visitors traveling through the city from the east.

“Soon we’ll have guns at birth,” Joyce said. “I don’t know where we go from here. It doesn’t look good.”

She sighed and added: “Who the hell is the NRA that they’re grading our politicians? Who’s the NRA that they’re holding such sway? Why are they running my state? I gotta hand it to them—they’re masterful, like Lex Luthor.”

Joyce was angry that the rural and suburban areas of the state were not only unwilling to address the city’s gun violence problem, but, as she sees it, actively making it worse. Aside from the immense challenges posed by Missouri’s broad self-defense laws, measures that make it easier for people to carry guns mean that more of them will show up in her city.

“But when we go to the legislature to talk about the loss of life we’re seeing, we sound like the teacher in Charlie Brown,” she said. “They really don’t care.”

Before I left the prosecutor’s office, I was shown some of the images that Joyce’s office had collected during her tenure. Like the framed picture she kept on her table of the boy holding a gun, these other photos were culled from social media. Like that photo, they showed St. Louis children —teenagers, or younger — standing, posing, dancing with powerful semi-automatic weapons.

St. Louis’s police chief, Sam Dotson, fears “stand your ground” legislation could have dire implications for his city’s public safety.

“Suddenly it’s, I’m skeptical of everybody, and if you cut me off on the road, I’m going to assume you have a gun and you’re going to shoot me, so I’m going to shoot you,” he said.

“We’ve created an environment that is ripe for more situations like the one that resulted in that 13-year-old boy’s death. There are going to be more situations where shootings are going to be questionable. The decisions we’ve made regarding gun laws are now starting to impact us.”

Research supports his concern. Studies have found that states that implement “stand your ground” have experienced rising gun homicide rates. One paper, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in November, determined that in the nine years after Florida instituted its “stand your ground” law, the state’s gun homicide rate had soared 31.6 percent.

On a frigid, blustery December day I visited Frances Smith-Woods, the mother of Martinez Smith-Payne. She was staying at the home of Demetria Evans, the boy’s stepmother, who lived in the southern part of St. Louis. The two had grown close over the years. Martinez’s father died in 2014, and they relied on each other for emotional support.

Evans’ cheerful home is covered wall-to-wall in framed photos of family members. Wrapped Christmas gifts were neatly piled on the floor, and Christmas music played on a stereo. Smith-Woods is a shy woman of 41. She told me that after the shooting, she could no longer tolerate staying in her own home, so she and her 12-year-old son, Jahiem, left it behind.

“Martinez wanted to be a chef,” she said, sitting beside me on a couch. “The morning before he died, he cooked fried chicken, waffles, and eggs. Then he went to his friend’s, where he’d gone many times. He was having a sleepover.” Smith looked at her knees. “He went out the door. I didn’t see him alive after that.”

Evans stepped into the room. A sturdy woman of 49, she had tattoos along her collarbone and a gold tooth that glimmered as she spoke. She took a seat on an arm of the couch and began to cry.

“Martinez is irreplaceable,” she said. “He was a wonderful little boy. He loved to dance. If he caught a beat, he would stop, drop, and shake a tailfeather.”

She wiped her eyes with the back of her hand.

“Don’t remember Martinez for what they said about him. Remember him with a smile on his face. Remember he was a kid, not an adult.”

Evans composed herself.

“We understand what he did was wrong,” she said. “But to take his life for going through a car?”


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The Business of Guns

Towns Create Gun-Store Free Zones, Confident Constitution Is on Their Side

“The point is to demonstrate that as local officials, we’re not helpless," a Piscataway, New Jersey, council member said. "We can use our authority."

Officials in New Jersey fed up with federal inaction are flexing policy muscles rarely used to regulate gun dealers: local zoning codes that effectively ban firearm stores. To give the crackdown constitutional cover, they took cues from a recent federal court decision on the other side of the country.

Piscataway, a suburb of New Brunswick, currently does not have a single licensed gun dealer, according to listings by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. A resolution passed by the Town Council on June 14 is intended to keep it that way. The resolution bans gun stores from opening within 1,000 feet of schools, parks, health care facilities, and other sensitive locations. While the new zoning law does not explicitly forbid gun stores from opening in the suburb, it makes dealers subject to conditions that almost no location meets.

It’s the first such law in the state, and one of a scattering across the country: there are 24 localities in California with these location restrictions, and another two in New York, according to the Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, which tracks gun laws nationally.

“There’s a growing concern about gun violence and the federal government’s inability to do anything comprehensive,” said Steven Cahn, the council member who drafted the ordinance. “The point is to demonstrate that as local officials, we’re not helpless. We can use our authority. Hopefully, other communities will do something similar.”

One legal expert suggested the Piscataway ordinance is a progressive version of targeted regulations on abortion providers, also known as TRAP laws, common in deeply conservative states. Those laws don’t ban abortion, per se, but they do place burdensome conditions on facilities that perform the procedure, making it impossible for many clinics to remain in operation.

“States have passed a lot of laws that make women travel really long distances to get an abortion, which is a constitutional right,” said Allison Anderman, an attorney with the Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. To successfully challenge Piscataway’s law, as pro-choice activists have done with TRAP laws, a gun purchaser would have to argue that the restriction puts an impermissible burden on his or her Second Amendment rights with no public safety benefit.

According to a zoning map provided by the council, the only parts of Piscataway zoned for commerce and not covered by the law are within three single-block stretches along the town’s border.

ABOVE: A map of the footprint of Piscataway’s gun store zoning ordinance. The three areas highlighted in yellow are the only parts of town where a gun store could open without a zoning variance.

A light-industrial corridor alongside the interstate highway that bisects the town, as well as residential neighborhoods, also fall outside of restricted range of the sensitive locations addressed by the ordinance, but the zoning code does not allow retail in those areas without express permission.

The Piscataway council was inspired by a law in Alameda County, California, outside San Francisco, that survived a federal court challenge last fall. A group of businessmen who wanted to open a gun store sued the county after they found no available retail locations that satisfied its rules for gun stores, which require that firearms sellers be located at least 500 feet from a lengthy list of other businesses and public facilities.

In their case, known as Teixeira v. County of Alameda, the entrepreneurs alleged the law violated the Second Amendment.

Last October, judges on the federal 9th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected their argument, ruling that the Second Amendment protects only the individual right to possess guns, not sell them. The judge who wrote the opinion noted that 10 gun stores still operated in the county, despite the restrictions, offering local options for residents wishing to own firearms. The Supreme Court declined to hear the plaintiffs’ appeal, letting the ruling stand.

“What the courts have said is that you’re O.K. as long as you don’t pass an ordinance that unreasonably interferes with someone’s right to possess a firearm,” Cahn said. “As long as there are other places in the general area where someone can legally get a gun — and there are towns on our border where you can go to a sporting goods store to buy a firearm — we can restrict sales in our community.”

Judges have struck down other zoning laws that target gun businesses, however. In January of 2017, a panel of judges on the 7th Circuit ruled that the city of Chicago did not prevent sufficient evidence to justify a law that restricted shooting ranges to certain industrial areas far from residential areas. That Chicago ordinance left only 2.2 percent of the land in city available for a range to open. “This severely limits Chicagoans’ Second Amendment right to maintain proficiency in firearm use via target practice at a range,” Judge Diane Sykes wrote in her opinion.

So far, the 3rd Circuit, which has jurisdiction over New Jersey, has not reviewed a law restricting gun store locations. Scott Bach, the head of the pro-gun Association of New Jersey Rifle & Pistol Clubs, told he believes the Piscataway ordinance in unconstitutional.

In an email, Bach said he was discussing legal options with the association’s counsel, who attended the Thursday meeting. The same day, the association’s attorneys sent the town of Piscataway a letter raising the specter of litigation.

Cahn said he believes his law will withstand a legal challenge.

“We did our research,” he said. “We looked at failed attempts, like Chicago. The courts have said it’s only a right to possess a gun, not sell a gun, and I think we struck the right balance.”

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Navy Grenadine Tie 'Garza Fina'

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Constellation Brushed 27mm

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Ladies Watch | Quartz Movement

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Overheard at a visa centre

It is the job of American visa officers to ask personal, incisive questions. The US government presumes all visa applicants intend to migrate. It is your task to prove otherwise. Guilty until
proven innocent.

Norwegians get online visas, so it is mostly foreigners who undergo the mandatory interviews in Oslo. My 10-year visa had expired. Getting a new one means internment inside the US embassy for two hours without electronic devices. I am armed with newspapers, but don’t read a page. I am within earshot of the ongoing grilling. And, I am hooked.

“Where are you from?” asks the goateed, middle-aged visa officer, his steely eyes belying his pleasant face. After office hours, he could easily be Uncle Ben flipping burgers on the grill.

Illustration: Bhaskaran

A: Muymym (unintelligible).

Q: Yum Yum?

A: Myanmar.

Q: What are you studying?

A: I am visiting PhD student.

Q: I asked what are you studying?

A: I am a visiting PhD student.

Q: What’s that?

A: I am doing research here in neuroscience.

Q: Where have you done your master’s?

A: I haven’t done master’s.

Q: How do you do PhD without master’s?

A: I have a medical degree.

A few more questions, he gets his visa.

Then there is a middle-aged couple.

Q: You have Norwegian passports?

A: Yes. We came to Norway 29 years ago.

Q: You both are born in Iran. Why don’t you have Iranian passports?

A: We are Christians. After the Ayatollah revolution, we didn’t feel safe.

They get their visas.

A young white man with poor English is next.

Q: Where are you from?

A: Ukraine. (I immediately suspect he is a hacker.)

Q: How long have you been in Norway?

A: Eight months.

Q: What do you do here?

A: Carpenter.

Q: You have been to Pakistan. (Statement, not question; my suspicion strengthens)

A: Yes, I doing jobs.

Q: What kind of jobs?

A: Building.

Q: Pakistan imports labour from Ukraine?

A: Short jobs.

Q: Did you do machine learning?

The man does not understand. After a few more questions, the visa officer informs him that he doesn’t qualify, handing over a letter with the reasons. The officer has all the relevant information with him, but asks questions just to study reactions. His questions are short, sharp, surgical. In public interest, he should train TV anchors who ask these long-winded, convoluted questions that drive viewers and interviewees crazy. When goatee retires, he can run journalism classes.

A young man is called next. I am stunned. He is Norwegian! They don’t need to be interviewed, plus they are the immigrants Donald Trump wants!

Q: What do you do?

A: Farmer. Do you want to see my police record? (Typical Norwegian, honest, to-the-point).

Q: Yes. You got arrested for possessing marijuana.

A: Yes.

Q: So how did you get arrested?

A: It was after a party. I was drunk. I don’t remember much.... I was on the street, two civilian officers came…

At this point I am called for my interview at another window. It is over in two minutes, no personal questions. I get my visa. But, I will never know if the weed-killing, weed-smoking Norwegian farmer got his.

Pratap is an author and journalist.


text:
Welcome to Menel Fenn

Heaven’s Threshold

Welcome to my world, the Worlds of KD Nielson of which Menel Fenn is just one . This has been  a labor of love that has seen thousands of hours and many years in the making. I have gone from notebook and pencil to laptop and media images. Even though I would love to take credit for all that has happened, I could never have done it without a lot of help. I would be honored for you to step into my mind and share the stories and learn to love the characters that I know.

2 Responses

  1. Nicholas Blakey
    Nicholas Blakey · January 3, 2014 at 16:59:08 · →

    Hey sir I just got done reading Amberwine and am very disappointed….. That there wasn’t more in the book since you had me at the first page! It was an amazing book and I can’t wait to read more of your works. You’re truly an amazing author!

  2. Vana Sasser
    Vana Sasser · July 11, 2014 at 14:31:41 · →

    I’ve read all of your stories two or three times each. I can hardly wait for more to come!

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A hand making a payment (Image: Thinkstock)

Important new research published in the Journal of the American Medical Association on Tuesday showed that a promising experiment aimed at reducing health care costs through changes to the payment system delivered underwhelming early results. But there’s more to the story, and the research is exactly what should be happening as we transition away from fee-for-service payments.

First, some context. As noted previously, improving value in health care is not primarily about loading more responsibility on the consumer. Instead, most of the gains must come from changing provider behavior, since the bulk of what’s delivered in health care is what the doctor orders. And part of that, in turn, requires paying doctors and hospitals differently, since paying for volume rather than value produces more care instead of better care.

The two main ideas for alternative payment models are bundled payments (which pay a fixed amount per episode of care) and Accountable Care Organizations (or ACOs, which pay a fixed amount per person per year). The vast majority of these new models remains voluntary, in the sense that a hospital or physician can choose to participate. The exception is a bundled payment for hip and knee surgery, in which the government required participation by hospitals and paid a fixed amount for all the costs associated with the surgery and any follow-up care in the subsequent 90 days.

A fascinating feature of this mandatory hip and knee bundled payment is that the government randomized the local areas in which the new model was applied. That randomization, in turn, provides the basis for the new research.

Amy Finkelstein of MIT, Yunan Ji of Harvard, Neale Mahoney of the University of Chicago, Jonathan Skinner of Dartmouth College studied the differences between the hospitals included in the new payment model and those randomly excluded from it.

A copy of their paper is available here.

The researchers found some encouraging results, including that the hospitals participating in the new model discharged a significantly smaller share of their hip and knee surgery patients to skilled nursing facilities and other institutional post-acute settings. Previous research has shown substantial variation in the cost and quality of these facilities, suggesting that many may not provide sufficient benefit for the dollars spent on them, and a key objective of the bundled payment model is to reduce the use of inefficient post-acute care. Many hospitals respond to the new payment incentives as expected, by trying to avoid discharges to places like skilled nursing facilities.

(Related: Amy Finkelstein’s Deep Dive Into Annuities & Insurance)

The more surprising, and disappointing, results involved the total cost of care. Medicare spending per episode was a bit over $22,400 in the participating hospitals. At those randomly not participating, spending was slightly higher, at $22,900 — but the roughly $500 difference was not statistically significant. And there were no significant differences in observed quality measures, either. Since the whole point of these new models is to improve quality and reduce spending, achieving neither is disheartening.

Before we throw up our hands and give up, though, a few crucial caveats are necessary. Most importantly, the authors only studied the first year of the program. Hospitals, though, may take time to learn how to operate differently under a new model. Experience with Accountable Care Organizations suggests exactly that: Cost savings grow over time as providers learn how to work under the new rules.

In any case, the financial incentives in the first year of the bundled payment program were much weaker than in subsequent years. For example, in the first year, hospitals could gain at most 5% of the target price set for the bundle if their costs came in lower than the target, and they faced no penalty if their costs were higher than the target. Ultimately, however, hospitals will be able to gain or lose as much as 20% of the target price. The researchers only had the data for the first year, but the results may change materially in subsequent years as experience builds and the financial incentives become more potent (that same conclusion holds for an early evaluation of a voluntary version of bundled payments).

So what lessons can we can learn from this research?

One is the benefit of randomization. Other evidence had suggested much larger savings from bundled payments, but one can never be sure that those don’t reflect correlations that aren’t due to the program itself. Randomization of the areas in which the new model was implemented (along with the stellar research team that did the evaluation) allows us to have greater confidence that the results are causal. The big differences in results highlight the crucial importance of randomization.

A related lesson is the benefit of continuous learning as we experiment with new payment models. Redesigning payment models is necessarily a messy and imperfect process, and a core component of improving them over time is continuing to learn and make adjustments to them. At the same time, we have to be careful not to overreact to early results, like the research about the first year of the mandatory bundled program, if there is reason to believe the findings may evolve as providers gain experience.

Finally, we should consider whether more of these alternative payment models should be mandatory, because the voluntary versions typically involve excessively weak incentives to induce participation and because we learn less from them (randomization, for example, is dramatically more challenging in a voluntary program). Former Secretary of Health and Human Services Tom Price cut back mandatory bundles (and no, it couldn’t have been because he anticipated these preliminary results, which may not turn out to be definitive in any case). His replacement, Secretary Alex Azar, on the other hand, is more open to mandatory programs.

The bottom line is that although the new research is cautionary, I remain supportive of mandatory bundled payments. I hope Secretary Azar introduces more of them, but we will need to continue to monitor their results carefully. Let me be clear: If the ultimate results from the hip and knee bundle are no different than those from the first year, the program should be discontinued – but we are far away from any such conclusion. I suspect that the data from subsequent years will show stronger results.

— For more columns from Bloomberg View, visit http://www.bloomberg.com/view.

Peter Orszag

Peter R. Orszag is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist. He is a vice chairman of investment banking at Lazard. He was director of the Office of Management and Budget from 2009 to 2010, and director of the Congressional Budget Office from 2007 to 2008.

Copyright 2018 Bloomberg. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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About Thorne Accounting

Thorne Accounting has been providing specialised accounting and tax services to residential and commercial property investors since 2004.

Our mission is to provide the highest quality tax and accounting services to property investors. We are constantly fine tuning the way we work with property investors so we can provide this superior service to you at very competitive prices.

The key aspects that help us to achieve our mission are listed below.

By specialising in property accounting, this has allowed me to design systems to ensure the efficient preparation of tax returns specifically for property investors and to keep up to date with any property related tax changes.

tic1.pngPersonal Attention

The small size of Thorne Accounting allows me to maintain an intimate knowledge of all clients affairs. I believe my hands-on approach gives clients more personal attention and allows me to create a greater understanding of you and your investments. I believe that in order to get your job done properly, I need to be involved in the job from start to finish.

I have many years of experience both in an accounting and tax context and am very confident in my expertise within Thorne Accounting . I have many clients that have been very satisfied with the value they get from using us and a few have given us written testimonials which we have included on our testimonials page.

Good communication is essential so I’m always glad to hear from clients. I like to ensure that I'm easily contactable and that I provide information in a clear manner. I am also available for appointments on selected evenings so that we can meet without interrupting your working day as I know your time is important.

tic1.pngCompetitive Fixed Fees

While I believe that I offer better service than other accountants, many clients find that the fixed fees are also more competitive. The fixed fees provide peace of mind as you know the price upfront so you don’t have to worrying about how much a phone call or email will cost. I'm able to offer competitive fees as I know exactly what I'm doing and have great systems in place that allow the job to be done efficiently.

The accounting industry is quite seasonal. It’s busy from April and then gets quieter from November. The way I deal with this is to work longer hours when I need to and shorter hours when I don’t. This means I can get your tax returns done within a tight timeframe.

The result of all these benefits is that I can provide personal, reliable service to you for a competitive fixed fee.


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01928 724028

What We Are

What is a Christian?

Christianity is sometimes thought of as a tradition, a cultural thing, something you grow up with as a child and then lose interest in as an adult or something abstract or not real. For us, here in Elton, Ince, Thornton-le-Moors and Wimbolds Trafford we believe Christianity is something personal and individual, to be experienced and to guide you throughout every day.

We believe Christianity is living relationship between us as individuals and God. Through prayer, meeting together and exploring the questions we all have we believe we can get to know God directly and personally, through Jesus Christ.

Do you have a burning question? Do you think the world in which we live now isn’t quite enough to make you feel ‘happy’? Perhaps you are thinking you’d like to know more about the Christian faith or you already are a Christian but would like to know more? Our aim as a church community is to offer an open, inclusive and friendly atmosphere for people to explore these questions and start to work out some answers.

Want to know more?

If you’d like to know more, please come along on a Sunday or contact us. We also run a regular Alpha Course to give people the opportunity to ask questions and explore what some of the answers might be.


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A Service of

2018 Thor Motor Coach Four Winds Siesta Sprinter 24SR RV for Sale at MHSRV W/Summit Pkg, Dsl Gen - For Sale in Alvarado, TX.

  • Stock #JTH071663610
  • Year2018
  • ManufacturerThor Motor Coach
  • MakeThor Motor Coach
  • ModelFour Winds Siesta Sprinter
  • Floorplan24SR RV for Sale at MHSRV W/Summit Pkg, Dsl Gen
  • TypeClass C
  • ConditionNew
  • Length25' 0"
  • MSRP$148,337.00
  • Price$92,999.00
  • ChassisMercedes-Benz Sprinter 3500
  • Engine ManufacturerMercedes Diesel
  • Engine ModelV-6
  • Fuel TypeDiesel
  • InteriorNightscape & Milan Cherry
  • ExteriorCentral Park
  • Air Conditioners1
  • A/C Spec13.5K BTU W/ Heat Pump
  • Slideouts2
Motor Home Specialist is the #1 Volume Selling Motor Home Dealership in the World. Over $165 Million Dollars to Choose From. New RVs from $17,999 Travel Trailers to Over $2,000,000 Bus Conversions and Every Type & Price-Point in-between. No Games. No Gimmicks. Upfront Pricing on Every Make and Every Model. Minimum 25% Off M.S.R.P. on All New Motor Homes. Visit MHSRV.com or Call 800-335-6054.
MSRP $148,337. New 2018 Thor Motor Coach Four Winds Siesta Sprinter Diesel model 24SR is approximately 25 feet 7 inch in length with 2 slide-out rooms, Mercedes Benz 3500 chassis and a Mercedes V-6 diesel engine. New features for 2018 include a leather steering wheel with audio buttons, armless awning with light bar, Firefly Integrations Multiplex wiring control system, lighted battery disconnect switch, induction cooktop, kitchen countertop extension, exterior lights to all storage compartments and many more. This amazing sprinter diesel also features the Summit Package option which includes a touch screen dash radio with Bluetooth, navigation, Sirius as well as Winegard Connect +4G, sound system with sub, Mobile Eye Lane Assist, side view cameras, upgraded cockpit window shades and a 100w solar panel. Additional optional equipment includes the beautiful full body paint, attic fan in bedroom, A/C with heat pump, 3.2KW diesel generator, second auxiliary battery and electric stabilizing system. The new Four Winds Siesta also features power windows & locks, keyless entry, power vent, back up camera, 3-point seat belts, driver & passenger airbags, heated remote side mirrors, fiberglass running boards, hitch, roof ladder, outside shower, electric step & much more. For more complete details on this unit and our entire inventory including brochures, window sticker, videos, photos, reviews & testimonials as well as additional information about Motor Home Specialist and our manufacturers please visit us at MHSRV.com or call 800-335-6054. At Motor Home Specialist, we DO NOT charge any prep or orientation fees like you will find at other dealerships. All sale prices include a 200-point inspection, interior & exterior wash, detail service and a fully automated high-pressure rain booth test and coach wash that is a standout service unlike that of any other in the industry. You will also receive a thorough coach orientation with an MHSRV technician, an RV Starter's kit, a night stay in our delivery park featuring landscaped and covered pads with full hook-ups and much more! Read Thousands upon Thousands of 5-Star Reviews at MHSRV.com and See What They Had to Say About Their Experience at Motor Home Specialist. WHY PAY MORE?... WHY SETTLE FOR LESS?
Motor Home Specialist
5411 South I-35 West
Alvarado, Texas 76009
Toll-Free: 800-335-6054
Phone: 817-790-7771
Fax: 817-783-6395
Site: http://www.mhsrv.com

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Welcome To Thredbo Accommodation Reservations

In 1997 the founders of what is now known as Thredbo Accommodations and Reservations – Discover Thredbo purchased their first property in Thredbo, it was the year of the Thredbo landslide and a small apartment in Woodridge named Mosswood 3 was the property.

In the 18 years since Thredbo Accommodation and Reservations,has become Thredbo’s largest individual manager of self contained properties in Thredbo and have been in operation since 2001. We have been property owners in the village since 1997 and prior to that members of Thredbo ski lodges.

The journey of managing property in Thredbo has led to the creation and development of GENKAN, the revolutionary holiday rental management software that is sweeping the world with installation not only in Australia but in Europe and Asia.

It is the software that powers this website.

Meet Our Team

3657 248x300 About Us

Justin & Shelley CarterGeneral Managers
Our names are Justin & Shelley Carter and we have lived in Thredbo both year round and seasonally over the past 18 years.
We met in Thredbo on the Snowsports School in 1998 and since then have travelled and worked together in many world class resorts, such as Verbier, Vail & Beaver Creek to mention a few. We have had a variety of roles over the years from Instructing, supervising, private reservations, instructor trainer, program managers, and ski school operations management, this has been a wonderful lifestyle and provided us with many different experiences in the alpine environment. We are both full certified Alpine Instructors, Justin has a bachelor of commerce in marketing, hospitality and tourism management and Shelley has worked over the years between seasons for family assisting with property management and real estate sales.
In 2009 we joined a property Management company here in Thredbo ( Lantern Apartments – Valley Management ) for Ian and Jill Foster where we enjoyed a long and successful position. During that time we gained a great insight specific to managing the properties in the village and setting up policies and procedures, managing housekeeping teams and dealing with the seasonal challenges of the alpine environment. We met Glenn while working for this company and introducing the Genkan booking system.
With a passion for property, travel, guest experiences and all things snow the mountains were calling.
We recently had an opportunity to return to Thredbo and work alongside Glenn and his team.
We look forward to working with you and taking care of your properties and pride ourselves on establishing trustworthy, professional working relationships with our clients and guest. Above all we strive to exceed expectations.


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Add to GuideAsk a Question

African Violet Leaves Turning Yellow

Category House Plants
African violets are typically easy to grow, however that does not mean that your plant will not have problems. This is a guide about African violet leaves turning yellow.

Ask a QuestionHere are the questions asked by community members. Read on to see the answers provided by the ThriftyFun community or ask a new question.

By 0 found this helpful
May 4, 2010

My African violet leaves are starting to turn yellow. The plant has been very happy and blooming profusely up until now. It is still blooming, but leaves are now turning yellow.

Hardiness Zone: 7b

By Kat from Baltimore

May 6, 20100 found this helpful

Either you are watering to much or the plant needs to be moved to a larger pot. I've done both and my violets have returned to "normal".

Reply Was this helpful? Yes
October 17, 20160 found this helpful

Why are the leaves on my four African violet plants turning yellow?

Reply Was this helpful? Yes
April 29, 20180 found this helpful

Should you cut the yellow leaves off?

Reply Was this helpful? Yes
Answer this Question...

ThriftyFun is one of the longest running frugal living communities on the Internet. These are archives of older discussions.

January 20, 20100 found this helpful
By Ellen Brown

African Violet's Leaves are Turning Yellow

I recently re-potted an African Violet from the small plastic
container it was purchased in to a ceramic 'African Violet pot' (two

pieces, the top is the pot which absorbs water by direct contact with
water kept in the bottom).

I used African violet soil and am keeping the water level high enough
to touch the 'pot' part. The bottom row of leaves is turning yellow
and then brown. Please advise on what I need to do to fix this
yellowing leaf problem.

E.W. from NC

There are several possible reasons for the yellowing leaves on your African violet. The most frequent causes are; dry air, too much sun, incorrect watering or overfeeding. From your description, it sounds to me like your violet may be getting too much water.

Here are some general guidelines for watering African violets:

Don't try to rely on a regular watering schedule for African violets. It won't work. Light, humidity, soil makeup, and temperature all play a role in when to water them and how much water they need.

Always use your finger to test the soil before watering. The goal is to keep the compost moist (not wet), but let the surface soil dry out in between watering. If you leave the top half of your pot standing immersed in the bottom half, you will saturate the soil. It's better to fill the bottom reservoir to the point of submersion, wait a few minutes and then pour off the excess.

Avoid getting the leaves wet by watering from below. Splashing water can cause unsightly blemishes on the leaves and invite mold problems.

Use tepid water-not too hot, not too cold. Also, avoid water that has been run through water softeners as well as distilled water, which lacks important trace minerals.

You can make an easy self-watering system by inserting a water wick into one of the drainage holes of the top pot (a old pair of braided nylon stockings will also work). If using a self-watering system, periodically water your violet from the top pot (under the leaves) to flush accumulated minerals from the soil.

Good luck!

African Violet's Leaves are Turning Yellow

Leaves usually turn yellow when a plant is over watered. (02/05/2008)

African Violet's Leaves are Turning Yellow

I was given a couple of African Violets a few months ago. I often forget to water them until they are bone dry. I keep thinking they are going to die but they are blooming beautifully. Maybe you should let them get very dry. (02/06/2008)

By Sharon

African Violet's Leaves are Turning Yellow

I agree that water may be the cause. Also, limited winter light means limited need for water. Good call on the soil and special pot. I had one blooming nicely till I knocked it over. My blooms took off, as noted here by others, when I let it dry, dry, dry, then watered sparingly. Good luck. (02/07/2008)

By Pete

African Violet's Leaves are Turning Yellow

You may need to change the amount of light they receive. Too much light will make the leaves turn yellow. Good luck, and God bless you. (02/07/2008)

By Pat Giles

African Violet's Leaves are Turning Yellow

I usually let the water dry out before I refill the base. Too much water will turn leaves yellow. Drying out will often force it to bloom. Don't over dry, but over watering can kill the plant. Keep it in indirect light, direct light will harm it too. Google African Violet care and find a website that you can join, it will give you a place to find out more about your plant and most have a Q and A area. Good luck! (02/07/2008)

By dianne

African Violet's Leaves are Turning Yellow

Like deebomb, I don't water my violet until it gets so dry the bottom leaves start to droop. Then I set it in a pan of water overnight so the soil can absorb the water through the bottom holes in the pot. I feed it with special violet food every watering, and it sits in a west window where it gets a few hours of direct sun every day. It is also pot-bound, which I've read is necessary for the excellent blooming it does. (02/07/2008)

By Chloe

Comment Was this helpful? Yes
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Oct 12 8:00 PM
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Livadiya Tide Station Location Guide

Livadiya Tide Station Location Map

Choose Livadiya Location Map Zoom:

Contours: Roads & Rivers: Select a tide station / surf break / city
Tide stations located close to Livadiya Shoreline around Livadiya Roads and rivers around Livadiya

Use this relief map to navigate to tide stations, surf breaks and cities that are in the area of Livadiya.

Other Nearby Locations' tide tables and tide charts to Livadiya: click location name for more details
Closest tide station Dunay 17 mi
Second closest tide station Vrangel' 23 mi
Third closest tide station Shkotovo 35 mi
Fourth closest tide station Russkiy 42 mi
Fifth closest tide station Trudovoye 43 mi
Livadiya: surf and surfing destinations Surf breaks close to Livadiya:
Closest surf break Livadia 1 mi
Second closest surf break Gornostay 37 mi
Third closest surf break Patrokl 39 mi
Fourth closest surf break Songdojin ni 372 mi
Fifth closest surf break Ingu Beach 395 mi


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    October 7, 2014 by Support Staff
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    Elgg LogoElgg package has been updated to version 1.9.3. Elgg empowers individuals, groups and institutions to create their own fully-featured social environment. Elgg, started in 2004, is an open source social engine which powers all kinds of social environments -... read more

    Updated Thelia 2 Package to 2.0.4 (7th Oct 2014)

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    Updated CakePHP Package to 2.5.5 (6th Oct 2014)

    CakePHP LogoCakePHP package has been updated to version 2.5.5. CakePHP makes building web applications simpler, faster and require less code.

    CakePHP is a rapid development framework for PHP which uses commonly known design patterns like Active Record, Association Data Mapping,... read more

    Updated Laravel Package to 4.2.11 (6th Oct 2014)

    Laravel LogoLaravel package has been updated to version 4.2.11. Laravel is a clean and classy framework for PHP web development.

    Freeing you from spaghetti code, Laravel helps you create wonderful applications using simple, expressive syntax. Development should be a creative... read more

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    MyWebSQL LogoMyWebSQL package has been updated to version 3.5. MyWebSQL is the ultimate desktop replacement for managing your MySQL databases over the web.

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    Updated Vtiger Package to 6.1.0 (5th Oct 2014)

    Vtiger LogoVtiger package has been updated to version 6.1.0. Vtiger CRM is a full-featured CRM software ideal for small and medium businesses, with low-cost product support available to production users that need reliable support.

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    Updated phpMyAdmin Package to (5th Oct 2014)

    phpMyAdmin LogophpMyAdmin package has been updated to version phpMyAdmin is a free software tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of MySQL over the World Wide Web.

    phpMyAdmin supports a wide range of operations with MySQL. The... read more

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    AngularJS LogoAngularJS package has been updated to version 1.2.26. AngularJS HTML enhanced for web apps!

    AngularJS is a structural framework for dynamic web apps. It lets you use HTML as your template language and lets you extend HTML's syntax to... read more

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    MediaWiki 1.19 LogoMediaWiki 1.19 package has been updated to version 1.19.20. MediaWiki is a free software wiki package written in PHP, originally for use on Wikipedia. It is now used by several other projects of the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation... read more

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    phpMyFAQ LogophpMyFAQ package has been updated to version 2.8.15. phpMyFAQ is an open source FAQ system using PHP.

    phpMyFAQ is a multilingual, completely database-driven FAQ-system. It supports various databases to store all data, PHP 5.3.3 (or higher) is needed in... read more

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    Zurmo LogoZurmo package has been updated to version 2.8.3. Zurmo is an Open Source Customer Relationship Management (CRM) application that is mobile, social, and gamified. We use a test-driven methodology for building every part of the application.

    This means you... read more

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    LimeSurvey LogoLimeSurvey package has been updated to version 2.05+ Build 141003. LimeSurvey (formerly PHPSurveyor) is an open source online survey application written in PHP based on a MySQL, PostgreSQL or MSSQL database. It enables users without coding knowledge to develop,... read more

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Support your friends this Time to Talk Day

I never realised what living with a mental illness entailed before I was diagnosed myself. I always believed that anxiety was just worrying, depression was just sadness and I never fully appreciated how hard it actually is waking up every single day, fighting a battle which nobody can see. Well, I never realised it until I was living it.


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Are Your Roots Showing?

roots showingThere are many variations of roots. Some are exposed while others are well hidden.

Near the end of a walk I encountered an area where several trees had roots exposed. They seemed to reach from one to the next as if providing stepping stones. My husband was not surprise when I asked him to stop so I could take a picture.

These roots seemed to have a greater meaning to impart. I carried on, knowing the meaning would be revealed a I prayed for clarity.

Thoughts that came to mind were of my life being rooted in Jesus. When my roots run deep, I can stand strong and tall. If none of these roots are visible, how will others know that it is Jesus that provides the foundation of my life?

As well as reaching deep, some of my roots need to be exposed for all to see. They can form the stepping stones that will point others to Jesus. This will happen more readily when I allow myself to be open and vulnerable rather than pretending everything is perfect.

Reflecting on this, I believe it is a good thing to let my roots show.

And I pray that you, being rooted and established in love, may have power, together with all the Lord’s holy people, to grasp how wide and long and high and deep is the love of Christ, and to know this love that surpasses knowledge—that you may be filled to the measure of all the fullness of God. (Ephesians 3:17b-19 NIV)


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Ball fitting in Northern California

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By TRailey

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    Does any one have a lead on a Titleist ball fitting for Northern California?

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    They will usually come to the local club

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text: Articles in Myanmar in Focus en Constitution-Making and Peace Process Stagnation in Myanmar: Will a conditional clause help restore confidence in the 21st Century Panglong Conference? Kachin traditional manao dance in northern Shan State / Photo credit Tom Kramer Mon, 03 Sep 2018 11:04:47 +0200 Sai Wansai Statement from the 6th Myanmar Opium Farmers' Forum Lashio, Northern Shan State 28 May 2018 Fri, 01 Jun 2018 15:19:33 +0200 Will Myanmar complete its transition towards an evidence-based approach to drug control? Shan Market in Pyin Oo Lwin / Photo credit Paul Arps / Flickr A dual reform process Tue, 20 Mar 2018 15:38:04 +0100 Renaud Cachia Women and drugs in Myanmar: Beyond harm reduction Photo credit AHRN Myanmar   Thu, 08 Mar 2018 10:00:01 +0100 Dania Putri Multiculturalism and Social Justice in the Modern Nation-State Displaced civilians and migrant workers in Tanai conflict zone, Kachin State, 29 January / Photo credit Hugawng Salum Mon, 05 Feb 2018 14:02:28 +0100 Lahpai Seng Raw Will Myanmar lead drug policy reform in Southeast Asia? Change is in the air Wed, 06 Sep 2017 14:26:32 +0200 Renaud Cachia Jump-starting the stalled peace process A commentary by Sai Wansai Karen Dancers / Photo credit Martin Smith Thu, 04 May 2017 16:40:49 +0200 Sai Wansai Myanmar on its way to a more human rights and health centered drug policy The Drug Policy Advocacy Group – Myanmar (DPAG) and the Global Commission on Drug Policy (GCDP) will organise an important public event on Drug Policy on the 8 th of April 2017. The event, the first of its kind to be held in Myanmar, will gather a large audience from Civil Society Organisations, local and international NGOs, UN Agencies, representatives from the drug users and opium farmers communities, political parties, Government Officials and media. Fri, 07 Apr 2017 19:30:00 +0200 Myanmar: Land is the lifeline of the ethnic people This commentary is also availabe in Burmese. Thu, 06 Apr 2017 09:21:54 +0200 Khun Oo, Khun Kaung Heal: Do Not Wound Children at a Chin school / Photo credit Jean-Marie Hullot @ Flickr Myanmar is passing through some of the most agonizing moments in her history. With our hands reaching out, we appeal to all: Please heal – do not wound. Tue, 21 Feb 2017 14:10:50 +0100 Drugs and bullets in Myanmar According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2015 South East Asia Opium Survey (PDF), heroin production has stayed at stable high levels since 2012, and across Kachin state a drug epidemic has developed. Wed, 08 Feb 2017 14:38:56 +0100 Investment protection treaties endanger democratic reform and peace initiatives in Myanmar People handing out flyers on the street to protest investment protection agree Tue, 10 Jan 2017 14:15:10 +0100 Pietje Vervest Urgent Appeal by Civil Society and Faith Organisations Kachin and Shan States, 20 December 2016 As leaders of civil society and faith organisations in the Kachin and Shan States, we call upon the National League for Democracy government to take immediate action to halt military offensives, protect the lives of internally-displaced persons and local citizens whose lives are at extreme threat, and prioritize the achievement of nationwide peace that it promised upon taking office. Wed, 21 Dec 2016 11:52:22 +0100 Hydropower in Myanmar: For Whose Benefit? Activity on the International River Day (March 14, 2016) at Wan Sala village, near the Mong Ton dam site. / Photo credit Nang Shining Fri, 16 Dec 2016 00:00:00 +0100 Nang Shining Statement of Kachin State drug users We, drug users from Myitkyina, Nawng Chein, Dum Gan, Wuyan, Hsar Maw, Waimaw, Washawng, Mogaung, Mohnyin, Inn Taw Gyi area and Hopin, came together last November for a two days workshop in Myitkyina, to discuss the challenges and difficulties we face and experience and identify possible solutions to our problems. Thu, 15 Dec 2016 14:48:13 +0100 Myanmar: The Dilemma of Ceasefires but No Peace With such agreement, it was hoped that the independence generation of national leaders would resolve the deep political and ethnic challenges facing the new union without armed struggles breaking out. But, looking back at the continuing state of conflict in our country, it needs to be asked whether there was really a sincere opportunity for political solutions by peaceful means at that time? And if so, what does it warn of now when military operations are expanding again under a new incarnation of central government when peace hopes have recently been so high? Wed, 19 Oct 2016 16:17:33 +0200 Lahpai Seng Raw Suspend negotiations for an investment protection agreement between the EU and Myanmar Ahead of the fourth round of negotiations on an Investment Protection Agreement (IPA), the undersigned civil society organisations call the attention of decision-makers to the dramatic consequences that the EU-Myanmar IPA could have on human rights, democratic decision making and peace building in Myanmar. Myanmar is in a state in transition, that faces formidable challenges to build regulatory frameworks, including to protect the economic, social and cultural right of its people as well as its natural resources. Sun, 16 Oct 2016 01:00:01 +0200 Aung San Suu Kyi’s Visit to Beijing: Recalibrating Myanmar’s China Policy Tue, 16 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0200 Yun Sun A failing drug war triggers new approach in Thailand and Myanmar "Drug policies in Myanmar are repressive, outdated and ineffective, and they focus largely on arresting drug users and eradicating opium poppy," researcher Tom Kramer wrote in a report for the Amsterdam-based think-tank Transnational Institute last year.   Read the full article Sat, 06 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0200 The right to land at crossroads in Myanmar Photo credit Soneva Foundation @flickr Introduction Tue, 05 Jul 2016 11:01:50 +0200 Jennifer Franco The opium bulbs of Myanmar: drug crop or lifeline for poor farmers? Tom Kramer, a Dutch researcher with the Transnational Institute, says the army’s position on illicit activities by its militias is an “obstacle for reform” of drug policy and unlikely to change until there is a nationwide peace accord. [...] Kramer says the vigilantes’ emergence indicates the public’s desperation over the drug trade, but to address the problem, he says, “you need a development-led approach, an inclusive peace process, and [to] tackle corruption”. Wed, 22 Jun 2016 00:00:00 +0200 CSOs discuss nationwide land policy for refugees At the public forum, groups working with conflict-affected communities from all over the country pressed the government to start a discussion about refugee return and demanded the inclusion of all stakeholders in the decision-making process. The dialogue followed a two-day workshop organised by the Border Consortium and the Transnational Institute aimed at establishing a national platform for communities displaced by armed conflict. Representatives yesterday emphasised the need for a well-thought-out plan for people displaced by conflict who wish to return home. Thu, 09 Jun 2016 00:00:00 +0200 Civil Society Groups Demand National Land Restitution Policy for Displaced Communities Their concerns were expressed at a public forum on Wednesday following a two-day workshop organized by The Border Consortium (TBC) and the Transnational Institute (TNI). CSOs and community leaders aimed to establish a national platform for displaced communities to be able to claim land and property rights, review international standards and increase joint advocacy. Thu, 09 Jun 2016 00:00:00 +0200 Solving Myanmar’s drug trade means involving militias in the peace process Tatmadaw-backed militias have long been permitted to indulge freely in the narcotics trade in return for their help fighting ethnic armed groups. These militias have thus far been excluded from ceasefire talks, casting doubt over how lingering problems in Myanmar’s border areas, including the drug trade, will be settled. The nationwide ceasefire accord – signed between the government and eight ethnic armed groups in October last year – mentions “consultation” on the eradication of illicit drugs. But experts say the agreement is likely to have little impact on poppy cultivation. Fri, 27 May 2016 16:35:24 +0200 Burma’s Transition to Civilian Rule Hasn’t Stopped the Abuses of Its Ethnic Wars “This is the continuation of a very long pattern by the Myanmar army of managing conflict but never solving it,” says Tom Kramer from the Transnational Institute, a policy group of scholars that focuses on democracy, social justice and ecological sustainability. Kramer adds that “divide and rule” tactics have been used by the military for decades" Wed, 06 Apr 2016 12:09:20 +0200


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Learn more about Forest Gully Farms.

Visit our site

Come spend the morning or afternoon exploring forest gully while Jon and/or Mandy teach you about our farming methods of food forestry and permaculture. Explore the edibles that are native to our area and might be in your yard and how they can be beneficial to us, other plants and animals.

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Forest Gully Farms

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School life: Excitement for new building at Todmorden High

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On Wednesday 29 March, key members of staff attended a pre-construction meeting with a number of contractors, including our architect and representatives from Calderdale council, in preparation for the commencement of key building work on the site.

Also on Wednesday, groundworks began for the build, starting with the removal of tree stumps and preparation of land for foundations.

We are extremely excited about this huge step towards the new building, and will keep you updated as works progress. We will let you know how to get updates on this exciting project on our Twitter (@todmordenhigh) and other social media sites.


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DIY and Professional Tools

Sealey Drill Vice 100mm 3-Way

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Sealey Drill Vice 100mm 3-Way

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Sealey Drill Vice 100mm 3-Way

3-Way mounting, on side, end or base. Recommended for use on any pillar drill, milling machine or surface grinder. Accurately ground surfaces ensure squareness in three planes.

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Model No: DV3D.
Jaw width: 100mm.
Jaw depth: 30mm.
Jaw opening: 90mm.

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EAN 5024209629102
Manufacturers Product Code DV3D
Width 338
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Christine Perdzock, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, Naples FL

Christine PerdzockCNA

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Naples, FL Female

Christine Perdzock is certified registered nurse anesthetist specialist in Naples, Florida. Christine Perdzock, CNA practices at 6101 Pine Ridge Road, Naples, FL. She graduated from her medical school with her medical degree in 1984 and has over 34 years of experience in the field of medicine.
Perdzock is accepting new patients at her medical office and center location and available for appointments, preventative care, medical care as well as ongoing patient care. Active license number of this doctor is #9228368 in Florida.

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Christine Perdzock's Details

  • NPI Number: #1366401168
  • Medical License: 9228368, FL
  • Years in Practice: +34 years
  • Gender: Female
  • Credential: CNA
  • Is Sole Proprietor: N/A
  • Medicare Accepted: Yes
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With more than 34 years of experience, Christine Perdzock has been identified as specializing in certified registered nurse anesthetist specialist.

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What is Registered Nurse? (1) A registered nurse is a person qualified by graduation from an accredited nursing school (depending upon schooling, a registered nurse may receive either a diploma from a hospital program, an associate degree in nursing (A.D.N.) or a Bachelor of Scien... [View more]

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Appointments may be made for routine visits or new problems that you may be experiencing. Knowing what questions to ask before, during and after appointments is vital to better understand, and therefore manage, an illness.

Please call Christine at (239) 304 4862 to schedule an appointment in Naples, FL or get more information.

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The best-known work from these honorable speed demons is, of course, the GT-R. As we will see, this is not a team who adds some stickers and a lightly revised ECU to cars that don the "Nismo" badge.

The pitfalls of creating a performance spin-off series are many. Too much change and the price can nearly double, cutting volume by four in the process. The previous Cadillac CTS-V suffered such a fate.

On the other side of the spectrum; too little enhancement, and the car is dismissed as badge and stickers job by those in the know. So there is a fine line to walk between the loaded 370Z Touring’s $38,000 price and the $43,000 base of the Nismo version.

After some seat time and some driving videos (viewable below), the 370Z Nismo is unlike any other Z-car driven to date. It features extensively restyled bodywork from every angle, a far lower ride height, and exhaust drums so large they might be packing oil reserves.

For those with allegiance to only hardcore performance, the 370Z Nismo really trumps the equivalent Genesis Coupe R-Specs and Camaros of the performance world. An apt comparison would be to the previous Ford Mustang Boss 302 that was basically a Laguna Seca time attack special.

The spec sheet of the 370Z shows how busy the Nismo team was in revamping the Z-car to its standards. This is far more than a body and paint shop; this car is purpose-built from the body-in-white chassis upward by Nismo.

Click past the jump for the full TopSpeed Driven review of the 2014 Nissan 370Z NISMO, including a few videos of driving impressions.

  • 2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven
  • Year:
  • Make:
  • Model:
  • Engine:
  • Transmission:
    6-Speed Manual
  • Horsepower @ RPM:
    350 @ 7400
  • MPG(Cty):
  • MPG(Hwy):
  • Torque @ RPM:
    276 @ 5400
  • Displacement:
    3.7 L
  • 0-60 time:
    5.0 sec. (Est.)
  • Top Speed:
    155 mph (Est.)
  • Layout:
    Front-engine, Rear-Drive
  • Price:
  • car segment:
  • body style:

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven High Resolution Exterior
- image 527514

The exterior for this brand-new 370Z Nismo takes the previous monochrome appearance and cranks it up to maximum intensity.

New contrast colors and shapes form much of the lower air dams and body kit, while the dark-grey wheels and visible carbon-fiber accents are a special touch. The Nismo Z-car is a full 6.2 inches longer than the regular 370Z, as well as much wider and lower.

2014 Nissan 370Z NISMO - Nose Styling Analysis

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven High Resolution Exterior
- image 527516

In front, the most pronounced change is to the front bumper corners. These now feature smooth flow lines that extend and lower the hood’s leading edge. A smoother flow of air is also shot outwards and away from the huge 19-inch Rays alloys that come standard. These wheels are 9.5-inches wide all around, so grip is rarely a problem.

In this regard, the 370Z is the grown and mature mentor of the Subaru BRZ and its skinny eco tires’ eagerness to slide.

The 370Z Nismo is going for lap time victories, and sliding, albeit fun as hell, slows a car down. Such wide rubber shows the focus of the Nismo Z.

LED running lights are missing in front, despite room for them in the front light slash. Even so, the extra red detailing is clearly applied (painstakingly) by hand and is absolutely faultless. It is one of the many red tweaks to the styling outside, inside and under the hood.

2014 Nissan 370Z NISMO - Profile Styling Analysis

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven High Resolution Exterior
- image 527502

The 370Z Nismo is clearly unlike any standard Z-car. Its profile and styling is so greatly changed by the new front clip, full carbon-fiber air dams all around, and huge spoiler in back as to be virtually unrecognizable.

Luckily, it is still a 370Z where it counts. The latest roofline still carries the beautiful chopped look that made the 350Z so striking when originally launched, but also brings the latest xenon and LED lighting to keep up with the coolest sports cars.

The new 370Z Nismo is available in Pearl White, Magnetic Black, Gun Metallic and Solid Red.

Driving Clip

In this clip, you can see me fudging the last shift as I grew familiar with the Synchro-Revmatch feature. It is selectable via a button just by the stick, allowing you to heel-and-toe yourself if you have the chops — and correctly sized hooves.

2014 Nissan 370Z NISMO - Tail Styling Analysis

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven High Resolution Exterior
- image 527503

Unrecognizable is a world that comes to mind in back as well. The combination of the huge exhaust pipes, redesigned bumper and splitter, and the race-ready rear spoiler are unlike any of even the most-modified 370Z’s prowling the night streets.

The quality of execution out back is world class, and makes clear this is a factory racer with its integrated lower fog reflector between the pipes.

Styling Detail

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven High Resolution Exterior
- image 527522

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Standard Exterior Features

- * 19" x 9.5" (front) and 19" x 10.5" (rear) NISMO forged alloy wheels by RAYS [*]
- * RAYS is a registered trademark of RAYS Engineering.
- * 245/40YR19 (front) and 285/35YR19 (rear) Bridgestone Potenza S001 high-performance tires
- * High Intensity Discharge (HID) bi-functional xenon headlights
- * LED taillights
- * LED illuminated 370Z side marker emblems
- * NISMO aerodynamic body design – unique front and rear fascia, spoiler side sills and rear spoiler
- * Aluminum hood, doors and hatch
- * Body-color dual power heated outside mirrors
- * Dual exhaust finishers
- * One-touch hatch release
- * UV-reducing solar glass

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven High Resolution Interior
- image 527510

The cabin is the lightest of the makeover areas versus the exterior and the chassis.

Some weight-saving brings less insulation, far sportier seats that seem just a few hours from racing harnesses, and only a four-speaker audio system as standard. The $1,400 Bose audio upgrade is about the only option, and is worthwhile for the Bluetooth audio streaming feature it includes.

Luckily, even this track special maintains air conditioning and all the convenience features needed for a daily driver.

Badges and special trims decorate the cabin very tastefully, with the upgraded steering wheel and its red-topped marker a highlight.

2014 Nissan 370Z NISMO - Standard Interior Features

- * Automatic Temperature Control (ATC) with in-cabin microfilter
- * 3-bay gauge cluster (oil temperature, voltmeter and digital clock)
- * Fine Vision electroluminescent gauges with multi-function drive computer
- * Upshift indicator light
- * NISMO tachometer
- * Power windows with one-touch auto-up/down feature and auto-reverse
- * Nissan Intelligent Key with Push Button Ignition
- * Key-operated front windows up/down
- * Tilt steering column with integrated gauges
- * Passenger seatback fall-down lever for driver
- * Variable intermittent flat-blade windshield wipers
- * Sun visor with illuminated visor vanity mirrors and extensions
- * 8-way adjustable driver’s seat
- * Driver-shaped bucket seat with thigh support
- * 4-way adjustable passenger’s seat
- * Passenger-shaped bucket seat
- * Driver and passenger side knee support
- * NISMO-embroidered cloth seats with red stitching
- * NISMO Alcantara/leather-wrapped steering wheel
- * NISMO smooth leather-wrapped shift knob
- * Leather-wrapped parking-brake lever
- * Aluminum-trimmed pedals
- * NISMO plaque of authenticity with serial number and model year designation
- * NISMO signature red interior stitching
- * AM/FM/CD audio system with Four speakers
- * Auxiliary audio input jack
- * Illuminated steering wheel-mounted audio co

Performance Feel Analysis

The modifications for the 370Z Nismo are deep and extensive. Extra chassis bracing, a carbon-fiber driveshaft and aero enhancements were born in the CAD-CAM machine long before ever being built on a special line by NISMO.

The only curious part about the 370Z Nismo’s mechanical upgrade is that the engine is relatively untouched. While surely much stronger, more durable and therefor more tunable, it seems somewhat unusual not to offer a larger power jump.

Even so, the point about how the CTS-V doubled the regular CTS’s price is very valid. For an extra $6,000 or so, the below list of upgrades is incredible.

Engine Detail

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven Drivetrain
- image 527511

2014 Nissan 370Z NISMO - Drivetrain Specifications

Engine VQ37VHR – 3.7-liter DOHC 24-valve V-6
Horsepower @ RPM 350 @ 7,400
Torque @ RPM 276 lb-ft @ 5,200
Bore and stroke 95.5 mm x 86.0 mm
Compression ratio 11:1
Maximum engine speed 7,500 rpm
Valvetrain Continuously Variable Valve Timing Control System (CVTCS) with Variable Valve Event and Lift (VVEL) on intake valves
Ignition Nissan Direct Ignition System (NDIS) W/ Iridium-tipped spark plugs
Exhaust NISMO-tuned dual exhaust with H-pipe configuration
Orientation Longitudinally mid-mounted front engine/rear-wheel drive
Driveshaft Carbon-fiber composite
Transmission Six-speed close-ratio manual transmission, SynchroRev Match (manual transmission)
Differential Viscous Limited-Slip Differential (VLSD)

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Braking System Specifications

Front Brakes Nissan sport brakes – four-piston opposed aluminum front calipers with 14.0" x 1.30" vented discs
Rear Brakes Nissan sport brakes – 2-piston opposed aluminum rear calipers with 13.8" x 0.80" vented discs
Hydraulics High rigidity brake hoses and R35 Special II brake fluid
Anti-Lock Brakes 4-wheel Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Suspension/Chassis Bracing/Steering

Front Suspension Two-link double-wishbone aluminum-alloy front suspension with aluminum subframe
Rear Suspension Four-link aluminum-alloy rear suspension
Dampers NISMO front and rear performance body dampers
Steering Vehicle-speed-sensitive power steering

2014 Nissan 370Z NISMO - Performance Details

0-60 mph (Seconds) 5.0, est
Top Speed (MPH) 155, est
EPA Fuel Economy (City/Highway/Combined) 15/23/NA

Pricing and Availability

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven High Resolution Exterior
- image 527493

The 370Z Nismo is available now at Nissan dealers nationwide with a base price of $43,020. This is unchanged for 2014, whereas the regular 370Z pricing is down by about $3,000 across the board. A good time for buyers to pounce on either model!

2014 Nissan 370Z Nismo - Driven High Resolution Exterior
- image 527521

The 370Z Nismo marks a number of important steps for the Nismo performance brand within Nissan.

Just about everything from the racing-strength dampers to the extra-tough brake lines has been given a huge upgrade from the regular 370Z. Both cars are extremely fast and sporty, but the Nismo version will last about 100 more laps of track abuse before its brakes and other components beg for mercy.

Speed is always on the table, but the real gem for the Nismo 370Z is its greatly-enhanced sense of purpose in high-speed corners.

As it stands, the Nismo brand will be quite popular indeed if the totally transformed driving experience of the Nismo 370Z and Nismo Juke is any indication. Bring on the Nismo Maxima!

  • Leave it
    • * Seems to be ready for more power than the engine currently delivers
    • * Very exclusive and hard to find since its arrival in Summer 2013
    • * Bose option is money well spent to get back to the normal car’s thumping audio performance
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