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SPEECH/ 11/802

Maria Damanaki

European Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries

Discards – the way forward in the E uropean Union

Seminar : Renewal of the EU Fisheries Policy – minimised bycatch and ban on discards

Stockholm, 23 November 2011

Ladies and gentlemen,

I would like to thank the Royal Academy for organizing this important event. Today we are discussing an issue that has made close to 770 000 citizens across Europe sign a petition to end discards as a top priority in the reform of our policy.

If the failure of the Common Fisheries Policy can be seen somewhere then it is clearly in the hundreds of thousands tonnes of food we waste every year by throwing perfectly good fish overboard. Let's look at some figures. According to the FAO the North East Atlantic has the second highest discard rate in the world with 1,3 million tonnes of fish thrown overboard every year, and we are the major culprits here. In the North Sea they estimate that between 500 000 and 880 000 tonnes of fish are discarded every year.

This means we could feed between 200 000 and 350 000 people each year on the food that we throw away. I don't have to explain to you how morally wrong we are in light of such figures in the current economic climate.

Today I would like to explain to you why we need to end discarding and how I have proposed that we should achieve this.

Let me at the start make an important observation. Often we take the easy road and we blame the fishing industry for discards. I think time has come to set the record straight: I don't think it is fair to blame them, because let's face it, they are in a box of our construction.

For decades we have set the rules on quotas. We set the rules on minimum landing sizes and we set the rules on catch composition. So let us be honest and acknowledge that discarding is not something the fishing industry has invented out of mere pleasure, but it is, and I hate to say it, the brainchild of EU legislation. Yes, of course there is also discarding, because fishermen want to make a profit, but ladies and gentleman, by and large I have come to see that fishermen are not the drivers of discards, but we – the policymakers - are.

I have brought with me a compilation of over 70 projects from the fishing industry to reduce discards. These bottom up industry initiatives stretch from the Atlantic to the Baltic and even to the Mediterranean (at this point in speech you could show coverpage of European Fisheries Technology Platform compilation of discard reduction projects). Just the other day I received an e-mail from a Regional Advisory Council proposing concrete measures to reduce discards for the Mediterranean Sea.

Many of these projects have delivered concrete results: in Brittany and in Sweden prawn fishermen are using special nets to avoid unwanted bycatch. In Northern Ireland fishermen are now using nets that decrease whitefish discards by half and I could continue this list for another hour, but I am afraid by then you will have all fallen asleep.

But putting jokes aside, maybe you will now ask me, well Commissioner if that is the case why then propose a top down discard ban? Let me tell you, there are four reasons:

First, because even those 70 projects are just a drop in the ocean when it comes to tackling this problem at the root.

Second, because those 70 projects will not change consumer's perception that fishing is a wasteful practise. Retailers are now responding to sustainability concerns. I need to tell you that this perception is gaining ground in Europe. The campaign that started in the UK has already moved to the rest of Europe. I don't want to have a situation where fish is left on the shelves of supermarkets, because consumers switch to other sources of protein. This would be bad for our fishing industry and bad for the consumers. Fish is rich in Omega 3 and DHA, a fatty acid that is essential for good brain and heart functions. So we have to help fish keep its good name and we have to help consumers so that they can still buy fish with a good conscience. But it is not just about the consumers, it is also about good old common sense and this takes me to the third reason.

The third reason is that technology to reduce discards exists, but fishermen are not using it on a wide scale, because they have to invest in new gear and because they loose part of the target species. This means any fisherman who uses more selective gear puts himself at a competitive disadvantage relative to others engaged in same fishery. The only way to have a level playing field here is to have a discard ban. This will benefit the fishermen that are already doing something against discards, because their competitors have to play by the same rules.

The fourth reason is, because the world's population is growing and so is their demand for fish. Fish provides the world population with 20% of its animal protein, but in coastal areas of Asia fish is actually the main protein source for some one billion men and women. We import over 60 % of the fish we consume and a lot comes from the part of the world where the population is growing fastest. In light of this I can promise you that third countries will not be able to export their fish to Europe forever, because they will need it to feed their own population. So we simply need to stop discarding to help rebuild our own fish stocks.

So let's see how we tackle the discard problem. One thing is clear we cannot stop over night, therefore I have proposed a phased in discard ban on commercial species starting in 2014 with pelagic fisheries, and covering all other commercial species by 2016.

How will this work in practise? Well, let me give you some details so that you see how complex the discard ban is for our mixed fisheries. First of all Member States have to make sure that fishermen have access to quotas for those fish, which they are likely to catch. Today that is not always the case. Furthermore the fishing industry itself should propose the best selective gears to avoid unwanted by-catches in the first place, such as juvenile fish. These gears exist for many fisheries, but how do we help fisheries where such gear is not yet developed? Here we actually need the help of gear technicians and scientists to come up with new fishing techniques. Obviously this will not happen overnight.

Then everything that is hauled up needs to be landed and counted against quotas. If it is undersized fish, it will go to fishmeal production so as not to create a market for juveniles. But what about the handling costs for fishermen? The cost for fishermen to handle less valuable fish will be supported by the new Maritime and Fisheries Fund, but obviously they are not going to make a huge profit here.

All fish that is hauled up and is above the minimum size can be marketed freely. But what happens if a vessel owner runs out of quota for one of the species he is likely to catch or even worse, what happens if he is catching fish for which he never had a quota? Theoretically he would have to stop the fishery for this species or else he has to buy or lease quota from his producer organisation or from another fisherman. And what happens if it is November and all the cod quotas have already been sold or leased? Maybe to cover for those cases Member States should establish by catch quotas and apportion them over the year.

And maybe there is a control expert here in the room and he will ask himself "How on earth is all of this going to be properly controlled and implemented?". I will be very frank with you. We cannot do it alone. We need the fishing industry to be part of the discard ban, to internalize the ban and accept it as the framework in which they do business. The commitment of the industry will be key to being successful.

Ladies and gentlemen, as you can see tackling discarding is a complex issue and we cannot let the industry stand in the rain with no help. This is why I am also proposing to support them financially from the new Maritime and Fisheries Fund which I will present next week. Here I am foreseeing funding possibilities to buy more selective gear and to fund innovation. I am foreseeing a better co-operation between scientists and fishermen and gear technologists. Fishermen will also receive financial support for participating in trials to reduce discards and we will fund the building of storage mechanisms on shore and pay for marketing initiatives to interest consumers. In the UK sales of lesser known fish have gone up 45% after the TV shows on sustainable consumption. I believe that if it can work in the UK, it can work in Sweden and elsewhere.

But let us not be mistaken. We have a lot of convincing work to do on the discard ban, because you here in Sweden are maybe convinced of it, but this is not the case for may other countries. Those of you who have read Greek Mythology, or maybe I should say who were forced to read Greek mythology in school, will know the character of Sisyphus who had to roll a huge rock up the hill over and over again. This is exactly what we have to do with the discard ban. Trying to convince other European countries that we need this ban is almost like rolling a huge rock up the hill, and the Council of Ministers is throwing a lot of questions in our direction on the way up the hill, such as will a discard ban mean less earnings for fishermen? Will it bring higher quotas? What if Member States catch fish for which they don't have a quota and so on?

So you see designing a system with answers to all these questions is a real challenge. And here I will need your help to convince others that we are right, when we ask for a discard ban. And this takes me right away to the excellent initiative by Sweden, Denmark and Norway to ban all discarding by their vessels in the Skaggerak as of January 2013. Your initiative is paramount and it will indeed send a strong signal for others to follow.

Let me here quote a famous Swede. Dag Hammerskjöld (Former UN Secretary General) has said: "Never for the sake of peace and quiet give up your conviction." The discard ban is my conviction and I sincerely hope that it is yours as well, because I need your help to reform the Common Fisheries Policy. We need you to express your views clearly about what you think should happen to this policy. This is the only way to convince everybody, be it MS or Members of the European Parliament, that this policy has to be turned around to become a policy that makes sense.

We must end the idea of infinite resources. There is no way that discarding can still be allowed in a reformed CFP. This reform is our chance to act, and the discard ban has to be part of it, because otherwise we are all complicit in continuing what cannot be described as anything else but an environmental disaster.

Thank you.

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Ana Maria Gomez Cuartas
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June 3, 1989
About Me:
I am 21 years old, I´m on second year of geology and I have undestand the impact of human beings to our planet. Since I was 13 years old I have lead projects in middle and high school which seeks for sense of belonging and help poverty, environment and hunger by educational projects.
My Organisation / Group
The organization that I represent is the new England School at Bogota Colombia which had made a project named Bogota-Colombia 2015 which has been adopted by many schools in my country.
My activities / interests
I want to share with otrhers that a change starts from home at that trought education it can be promoted sense of belonging toward the place we live and it can be possible with projects such as Bogota-Colombia 2015. I also have experiense on recovering water bodies and raising money for making dinner tables for kids with low resiurces where they can go and have 3 meals a day.

Comment Wall (6 comments)

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At 4:03pm on April 18, 2013, Mr Vincent Atta said…

Good Day,
How is everything with you, I picked interest on you after going through your short profile and deemed it necessary to write you immediately.I have something very vital to disclose to you, but I found it difficult to express myself here, since it's a public site.Could you please get back to me on:( for the full details.

Have a nice day

Thanks God bless.

Mr Vincent.

At 1:46pm on July 12, 2010, Ray Schrire said…
long time...
i am bussy trying to improve eurotope, that it could really use as a platform to exchange ideas. so I am trying to redesgin, make a new appernce and so on. I would be very happy to get your feeedback on some names and slogans...not everything is just about Europe...
At 8:23am on June 28, 2010, Ray Schrire said…
Hey Good Morning and good new week!
thanks for adding your Project to the Bank, I hope more people do this and then maybe we can help the panda bears (and bring world peace and all the rest).
At 10:24am on June 21, 2010, Ray Schrire said…
well im not sure if i answered here or not but well technology.. so any way i wanted to say that i might be navie but i do believe this is the point of this eurotope and maybe when pepople talk they would be better people... i send you a relativ in depth description that is quite long... feel totaly free to ask if im not clear. i had the feeling that you would understand the ideas but maybe i was not really clear so just ask!
i will also open a group here and will some of the projects right in a easier way, maybe you can do the same, and well maybe in the end we will bring world peace and save africa from europe..
have a wonderfull day, here the sun came out finaly...
At 8:27am on June 17, 2010, Ray Schrire said…
Funny, I feel as if you were part of one of our many conversations late nights in Jerusalem. To be part of the education system is pretty amazing stuff! Really kind of a dream. Well in Jerusalem the education system, sadly, is a bit more part of the problem rather then part of the solution. It really keeps the situation like it is instead of helping people ask questions. In our work the "sense of belonging" was a very strong motive. We would work in different circle. Inner- to be connected to one self and to take responsibility on one self, family- to know our own history and to look at the parents as a source of knowledge and not as old people, what is a very big problem with immigrant kids, and all of Israel are immigrant kids.., and then the community. The environment is only natural, when someone cares about his surrounding people it is only natural to care of nature and for the next generation. Well if it sounds relevant I will be happy to write a bit over different projects we did in our work with this different circles.
Ooh I forgot to say, my name is Ray, I'm 24 years old and worked with a group of friends for 4 years in one of Jerusalem many "problematic" but amazing communities, I mainly worked with youth but other friends worked also with older people, if this in any way relevant for you I would be happy to share. Well have an excellent day.
At 9:01am on June 16, 2010, Ray Schrire said…
Wow Welcome!
Your experience sounds very interesting and sounds a bit like the things we would talk about back in Jerusalem, the very strong connection between poverty to poor education system to ecological problems, and that the environment and the way people treat it will not be fixed before we fix the life of people... What exactly did you do? How would you strength the sense of belonging? And why does it lack in the first place?
I planned to welcome you but it came out as an interview:)
so. Welcome.

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Reviewing the Situation (1997)

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Bharat K Kaku

Teaching Professor

MSB Faculty
General profile

+1 202-687-7662

406 Hariri Building

Bharat Kaku has been working at Georgetown University since 2002, teaching courses in Operations Management, Global Supply Chains, Business Statistics, and Management Science. He taught previously at the University of Arizona in Tucson and at the University of Maryland in College Park. His research interests are in the areas of facilities layout and cellular manufacturing.

Prior to entering academics, he worked as a production engineer at a forge shop in India and as an internal consultant with the Commercial Directorate of the Algerian National Electric and Electronics Company.

  • Ph.D. (1985) Carnegie Mellon University, Operations Management
  • MBA (1975) Delhi University,
  • B.E. (1972) Bhopal University , Mechanical Engineering


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Award Shows

‘Extra’ at Sundance: Mariel Hemingway’s ‘Crazy,’ Alex Skarsgard Goes ‘East’

“Extra’s” Jerry Penacoli continued his coverage at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, hanging with all the stars, including Mariel Hemingway, who is promoting her personal documentary, “Running from Crazy.”

The film follows Hemingway’s life, and as she explained, “I've been running from crazy my whole life… it's about looking at this family, and realizing I can make different choices. I can make choices that are positive in my life.”

Penacoli also caught up with “True Blood” star Alexander Skarsgard, who stars in the indie “The East” with Ellen Page, about an eco-anarchist group punishing companies that pollute the planet.

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who we are

Extreme Brandz® is a group of privately held Canadian companies that recently celebrated its 15th anniversary. Extreme Brandz® develops popular brands such as Extreme Pita®, Mucho Burrito®, Purblendz® and the newest addition, Via Cibo - Italian Street Food®. Today, there are over 350 franchises operating in North America. At Extreme Brandz® our mission is to build a company of successful, iconic brands that guests believe to be exceptional.

Extreme Pita® is a Canadian success story that has been delighting guests with healthy great tasting pita sandwiches since 1997. Extreme Pita® was the first restaurant to marry old world authentic pita bread with healthy, fresh and unique flavours. Come experience pita perfection whether you love the classics or crave the adventures of something new.
Purblendz® believes natural is better! Fruits and vegetables are one of the healthiest, wholesome nutritional sources available, so why add anything more? All our smoothies are gluten free, dairy free, all natural and have no fillers. For an added benefit you can enhance your smoothie with one of our all natural supplements. Choose Purblendz®.
The best food begins with the best ingredients. Our mission is to give guests what they want; a fresh flavourful, distinctive Mexican culinary experience. Our emphasis on fresh goes beyond the fresh made guacamole and salsas. We ignite the senses through our fire grilled meats creating a multi-sensorial restaurant concept that has been wildly successful since inception in 2006.
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Tag:Tim Tebow Jockey Billboard
Posted on: October 22, 2011 5:28 pm
Edited on: October 22, 2011 5:31 pm

Jockey to put up their own Tim Tebow billboard

Posted by Will Brinson

Tim Tebow is the new Broncos starting quarterback. Way back when he was a backup for Denver, some angry fans put up some rudimentary billboards around Denver demanding that John Fox start the Florida phenom.

Now Jockey, one of the companies Tebow endorses (see his commercial here), is putting up their own billboard.

"EXCLUSIVE SNEAK-PEEK!" the undergarment company tweeted on Saturday. "Our new @TimTebow billboard set to hit Denver, CO next week! #wesupporttim"

Mercifully the billboard is, as you can see, pretty tame.

And it's a good message, too. Not only does Jockey support Tebow, but they also support the Denver Broncos (though one would assume they're not shelling out for trademark rights) as a team.

Which is a novel concept for most Broncos fans these days.

For more NFL news, rumors and analysis, follow @EyeOnNFL on Twitter, subscribe to our NFL newsletter, and while you're add it, add our RSS Feed.
The views expressed in this blog are solely those of the author and do not reflect the views of CBS Sports or CBSSports.com


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Category Archives: photos

Kentish Corrugations

I have a bit of a thing for nice straight lines.  I also have a bit of a thing about windows, doors and blocks of […]

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Continuing in a similar vein to my previous post which was about local food shops, I have been re-visiting some pictures which I shot in […]

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I’ve been looking through some of my less immediately loved photos from Cuba.  There’s always a subconscious hierarchy to a big batch of photos from […]

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My Underground Walking Tours photos which I shot way back in freezing cold February have finally gone live and been published!  They’re in two publications, […]

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Couple Sightings On Monday

Was driving back to Milwaukee through Chicago on Monday, saw a nice 2014 in Alpine with 343s and exec/assist. who was stuck with me in traffic on 90...stupid decision to go through the city right during rush hour :roll eyes:

Also saw a nice black M6 GC with ceramics going the other way, probably around 4:30-5. Gorgeous car.

Think I saw a Singapore M5 going the other way too.

Coming back over the state line, just after 6 pm, saw what looked like a Frozen MCB 2014 M5 going east on 94...gorgeous car.

Finally, I will stake my life that I saw an F80 M3 in Mineral (maybe...looked a little light) on 90 in Chicago going east as well. Did a quadruple-take, really think it was an M.

Any of you on here? Always love seeing these cars around.
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David J. Masiello

Department of Chemistry

University of Washington

Box 351700

Seattle, WA 98195-1700

Office: Bagley Hall, Room 323

phone: (206) 543-5579

fax: (206) 685-8665

email: masiello@chem.washington.edu

2013 ACS COMP Division outstanding junior faculty award

2012 NSF CAREER award

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Applied Math, UW 2014 -

Assistant Professor of Chemistry, UW 2010 -

Postdoctoral: Northwestern University, 2006 - 2009

Postdoctoral: University of Washington, 2004 - 2006

Ph.D., Chemical Physics, University of Florida, 2004

B.S., Mathematics, University of Florida, 1999

Positions available

David J. Masiello

Bio. David Masiello completed a B.S. degree in mathematics from the University of Florida in 1999.  He then joined the University of Florida's Quantum Theory Project as a graduate student in chemical physics, where, in 2004, he received the Ph.D. degree working under the tutelage of Professor Yngve Öhrn.  His dissertation work explored a nonperturbative treatment of the interaction between molecules and the electromagnetic field, accounting for the redistribution of energy not only between different internal molecular degrees of freedom but also for its liberation to the dynamical electromagnetic field.  He then took two postdoctoral positions, one with Prof. William P. Reinhardt at the University of Washington (2004-2006) and the second with Professor George C. Schatz at Northwestern University (2006-2009).  Subsequently, David was hired back to the University of Washington in 2010 where he is now an assistant professor in theoretical chemistry.  Currently, Professor Masiello's research focuses on the theoretical understanding of a variety of nanoscale light-matter interactions involving the excitation of surface plasmon resonances.  Examples include electron energy-loss spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence, thermo-plasmonics, plasmon-enhanced catalysis, and plasmon-enhanced linear and nonlinear molecular optical phenomena.  As of Spring 2014, David is also a faculty member by courtesy in the Applied Mathematics department at UW.


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Cool Pool Cafe

“Behold The Lamb”

The 15th Annual Live Nativity is coming up again. Plan to take your family and friends to see this spectacular play depicting the reason for the season, the birth of Our Lord and Savior. There will be 2 live performances nightly at 6 p.m. and 7 p.m. beginning on November 27 and continuing each evening until December 1. The live Nativity will be held at the Van Buren Co. Fair Grounds on Hwy 16 E., there will be plenty of parking. Local children and animals participate. Dress for the weather, cocoa & coffee will be served. For more information, call Paul Rhoda at 501-745-8377 or Tamie Aday at 501-745-8255.

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Report: Falcons ‘Extremely Interested’ in Asamoah

Aaron Wilson of the National Football Post cites unknown league sources that the Atlanta Falcons are “extremely interested” in Kansas City Chiefs offensive guard Jon Asamoah, an impending free agent.

While the official start of free agency begins Tuesday afternoon, teams are currently allowed to legally “tamper” by talking with potential free agents until then. No reports yet on whether Asamoah and the Falcons are actively discussing a contract. But the Falcons are not alone in their reported interest in Asamoah, as reports surfaced early Saturday that the New York Jets were another team that intended to make a play for him.

Asamoah is considered one of the premier guards potentially available in free agency, along with teammate Geoff Schwartz. However, Asamoah lost his starting job to Schwartz last season thanks to a shoulder injury suffered in Week 11. Asamoah missed the Chiefs’ season-opener with a calf injury, but started the next nine games at right guard before being sidelined and sitting the bench for the final six games.

Prior to last year, Asamoah started a combined 31 games at right guard in 2011 and 2012. He was originally a third-round pick by the Chiefs out of Illinois in 2010.

You can check out my assessment of Asamoah’s strengths, weaknesses and how he potentially fits in Atlanta.

About the Author

Aaron Freeman
Founder of

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Hardin County, Tennessee Genealogy

From FamilySearch Wiki

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==== Boundary Changes  ====
==== Boundary Changes  ====
[http://www.mytennesseegenealogy.com/tn-maps.html "Rotating Formation Tennessee County Boundary Maps"] (1777-1985) may be viewed for free at the My Tennessee Genealogy website. They rely on [http://www.goldbug.com/store/animap3.html AniMap 3.0] software.
[http://www.mapofus.org/tennessee/ "Rotating Formation Tennessee County Boundary Maps"] (1777-1985) may be viewed for free at the MapofUS.org website. They rely on [http://www.goldbug.com/store/animap3.html AniMap 3.0] software.
==== Record Loss  ====
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*{{FHL|Tennessee%2C+Hardin|subject|disp=Family History Library Catalog}} (FamilySearch)
*{{FHL|Tennessee%2C+Hardin|subject|disp=Family History Library Catalog}} (FamilySearch)
*[http://boards.ancestry.com/localities.northam.usa.states.tennessee.counties.hardin/mb.ashx Hardin County, TN Family History and Genealogy Message Board] (Ancestry)
*[http://boards.ancestry.com/localities.northam.usa.states.tennessee.counties.hardin/mb.ashx Hardin County, TN Family History and Genealogy Message Board] (Ancestry)
*[http://www.familytree101.com/tennessee/hardin-county.html Hardin County, TN History, Records, Facts and Genealogy] (Familytree101)
*[http://genforum.com/tn/hardin/ Hardin County, TN Genealogy Forum] (GenForum)
*[http://genforum.com/tn/hardin/ Hardin County, TN Genealogy Forum] (GenForum)
*[http://www.tngenweb.org/hardin/ Hardin County, TNGenWeb] (USGenWeb)
*[http://www.tngenweb.org/hardin/ Hardin County, TNGenWeb] (USGenWeb)

Revision as of 01:51, 13 February 2014

United States Gotoarrow.png Tennessee Gotoarrow.png Hardin County

Hardin County, Tennessee genealogy and family history research page. Guide to Hardin County (established 1819) genealogy, history, and courthouse sources including birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, wills, deeds and land records, Civil War records, Revolutionary War records, family histories, cemeteries, churches, tax records, newspapers, and obituaries.

Hand and keyboard.jpg Tennessee
Online Records

Hardin County, Tennessee
Boundary map of Hardin County, Tennessee
Map of Tennessee highlighting Hardin County
Location in the state of Tennessee
Map of the U.S. highlighting Tennessee
Location of Tennessee in the U.S.
Founded: November 13, 1819
County Seat Savannah
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Quick Dates

Hardin County's civil records start the following years:[1]

Birth Marriage Death Census Land Probate
1881 1863 1908 1820 1835 1836

County Courthouse

Hardin County Courthouse
 601 Main Street;
Savannah, TN 38372
Phone: 901.925.8166

County Clerk has marriage records from 1864,
divorce, land, probate and court records. [2]

Hardin County Courthouse, Savannah, Tenn. Courtesy: Collection: County Court Houses, Flickr by Jimmy Emerson. Used by permission.

Hardin County Courthouse
601 Main St.
Savannah, TN 38372
Phone: 1-731-925-8166

Hardin County Clerk
Marriage, probate, land and court records
500 Court Street
Savannah, TN 38372
Phone: 1-731-925-3921

Mon., Tues., Thurs., Fri. 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m.
Wed. and Sat. 8 a.m.-noon Template:RAOGKcourthouse

West Tennessee county. Established 1819.

The county is named after "Joseph Hardin legislator of the Southwest Territory and State of Franklin."[3]

Parent County

1819--Hardin County was created 13 November 1819 from Chickasaw Indian Lands.
County seat: Savannah[4]

County Pronunciation

  1. Hear it spoken[5] (female)
  2. Hear it spoken[6] (male)

Boundary Changes

"Rotating Formation Tennessee County Boundary Maps" (1777-1985) may be viewed for free at the MapofUS.org website. They rely on AniMap 3.0 software.

Record Loss

1859, 1864, 1949--Fires damaged records
  • Lost marriages: 1819 tp 1863
  • Lost probate: 1819 to 1836

For further information on researching in burned counties, see the following:

Populated Places

Adamsville Economy (hist.) New Harmony Shady Grove
Austin Five Forks New Hope Shiloh
Belle Meade Gibbs (hist.) New Town Sibley
Bethlehem Gillises Mills Nixon Slab Town (hist.)
Big Ivy Grandview Oak Grove Smiths Fork (hist.)
Box Elder Hamburg Olivehill Southside
Bruton Branch Havana Olivet Stringtown
Bucktown Hinkle Paulks (hist.) Stout
Caney Hollow Holiday Hills Phillips Swift
Center Star Holtsville Piney Grove Thompson Crossroads
Centerview Hookers Bend Pittsburg Landing Walkertown
Cerro Gordo Hurley Pollards Mill Walnut Grove (hist.)
Childers Hill Lebanon Pyburn West Hima
Counce Crossroads Lowryville Red Sulphur Springs White Sulphur (hist.)
Crowtexas Maddox River Heights Winn Springs
Crump Milledgeville Saltillo Woodland Heights
Damon Morris Chapel Savannah

Neighboring Counties

Getting Started

Use the free Search for Surnames at Mountain Press's website to quickly search a variety of published Hardin County biography, cemetery, and history records. To determine which books are being searched, or to search each publication's index individually, click here. You are now equipped with a checklist of books to pull off the shelves at a genealogy library, or a wish list for your personal book collection.

Research Guides

African American

United States African Americans Gotoarrow.png Tennessee African Americans

Census takers found no free African Americans living in Hardin County, Tennessee in 1820.[7]

Resources include:

Tennessee cemetery records often identify birth, death, relationship, and military information, as well as religious affiliation.

The following websites may contain Hardin County cemetery records:

  • Find A Grave can be searched by the name of a person or family to find where a person is buried. Usually gives birth and death dates often with a picture of the tombstone. May give obituaries, names of family members and links to their information in Find A Grave.
  • ePodunk list of Hardin County cemeteries

1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, and 1930 federal population censuses of Hardin County are available online. For tips on accessing census records online, see Tennessee Census. If you're having trouble finding your ancestors in online indexes, try checking printed indexes. Created by local experts familiar with the area's families, these indexes are often transcribed more accurately than nationwide online indexes.

See Tennessee Population Schedule Indexes: Fiche, Film, or Book for more information about statewide printed indexes.

See Hardin County, TN census assignments, including links to transcribed files. [The USGenWeb Census Project®]

  • Bentley, Elizabeth P. Index to the 1820 Census of Tennessee. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1981. FHL 976.8 X22b 1820

  • Brown, Albert The 1833 census of males 21 and over, Hardin Co., Tennessee Bethel Springs, Tennessee : History and genealogy, c1994 [FHL US/CAN book 976.831 X28]

  • Curtis, Janet Austin 1840 U.S. census, Hardin County, Tennessee Fort Worth, Texas : American REference Publishing Company, 1972 FHL US/CAN book 976.8 A1

1840 Pensioners

  • Brown, Albert The 1860 census of Hardin County, Tennessee Bethel Springs, Tennessee : A. Brown, c1998 FHL US/CAN book 976.831 X2

  • Sistler, Barbara 1880 census Hardin County, Tennessee Nashville, Tennessee : B. Sistler and Associates, 2001 FHL US/CAN book 976.831 X2
  • Brown, Albert The 1880 Census of Hardin County, Tennessee Bethel Springs, Tennessee : A. Brown, c1994 FHL US/CAN book 976.831 X28

1890 - Lost, but substitutes are available:

  • Burress, Reita Jones. "1890 Civil War Veterans Census of Hardin County, Tennessee," available online.

DNA Double Helix.png
DNA has been collected from men claiming descent from the following Hardin County residents. Attempts have not been made to verify the lineages of those tested.
  • [Doss] Descendant of Reuben Jackson Doss (1820-1910), resident of Shelby, Colbert, and Marion counties, Alabama and Hardin County, Tennessee. Y-DNA 67 Marker Test, FTDNA (Kit 76381). Genetic signature available online (labeled Wi-1), genealogical description available online, courtesy: The Doss DNA Project, World Families. Matches have been found.

Family Histories

It is anticipated that this bibliography will eventually identify all known family histories published about residents of this county. Use this list to:

  • Locate publications about direct ancestors
  • Find the most updated accounts of an ancestor's family
  • Identify publications, to quote Elizabeth Shown Mills, about an ancestor's "FAN Club" [Friends, Associates, and Neighbors]

As of August 2010, a query for persons born in Hardin, Tennessee at World Connect, results in more than 45,000 entries.

  • [Bratton] Jones, Louise Brint Family History of our Brattons, Masseys and Martins Salt Lake City, Utah? : L.B. Jones, 1985. Available at the Family History Library FHL book 929.273 B737j with a digital version at FamilySearch Books Online .
  • [Brooks] Brooks, Moses Edward. Descendants of James Brooks. Unknown: unknown, 1974. Available at Heritage Quest Online ($).
  • [Cook] See Grimes
  • [Grimes] Grimes, Jay Cook. Grimes, Cook and Related Families of Wayne County, Tennessee: A Genealogy. Related Families, Johnson, Morris, Montague, 1800-1960. Auburn, Alabama: J.C. Grimes, 1960. Available at FHL FAM HIST Book 929.273 G883gc and FHL US/CAN Film 1321218 Item 4; digital versions available at Ancestry ($); Heritage Quest Online ($); and World Vital Records ($).
  • [Johnson] See Grimes
  • [Martin] See Bratton
  • [Massey] See Bratton
  • [McDougal] The McDougal Family in Hardin County, Tennessee. MSS., Paducah, Ky. Microfilmed in 1963. FHL US/CAN Film 301102 Item 53.
  • [Montague] See Grimes
  • [Morris] See Grimes
  • [Rose] Rose, Christine. Ancestors and Descendants of Frederick Rose : of Sussex County, Virginia, Orange County, North Carolina, and Wayne and Hardin Counties, Tennessee. San Jose, Calif.: C.C. Rose, 1980. FHL FAM HIST Book 929.273 R72rch.

  • Hardin County Register of Deeds has Land Records from 1835 and is located at the Courthouse, 601 Main St., Savannah, TN 38372-2061; Telephone: (731) 925-3921.Land and property records include transfer of real estate or personal property, mortgages, leases, surveys, and entries.
  • The Family History Library has microfilmed copies of deeds 1835-1892 with indexes1835-1903; land entries 1820-1820-1853, tax sales to the state 1896-1913; and survey books1824-1934.

Law and Legislation

  • Tennessee State Library and Archives, Acts of Tennessee 1796-1850: Index to Names. January 25, 2005. [In addition to creating new laws, legislative acts were often required to obtain a divorce, grant legitimacy to a child, or for appointments to or grant payments for public service.] The TSLA has created an index to names that appear in these acts covering the years 1796 to 1850. To read more about this valuable resource Click here. The searchable index is available at TSLA; another version is available at World Vital Records.

Local Histories

Revolutionary War

The following Hardin County Revolutionary War records are available online through TNGenWeb:

  1. 1835 Pension Roll
  2. 1852 Rejected or Suspended Pensions

Additional resources include:

War of 1812
Civil War

Civil War service men from Hardin County served in various regiments. Men often joined a regiment or a company (within a regiment) that originated in their county. Listed below are the military units that were formed in or had many men from Hardin County.

Confederate Soldiers

Union Soldiers

Additional sources for Civil War soldiers from Hardin County:

The Civil War Battle of Shiloh took placein Hardin County, a few miles southwest of Savannah,on the Tennessee River near an area called Pittsburg Landing. Shiloh Military Park occupies this site today.

Civil War Battle

The following Civil War Battles were fought in Hardin County

  • April 6 - 7, 1862 = Shiloh[9]
  • April 29 - June 10, 1862 = Corinth[10]See Map showing battle taking place in Mississippi.

Map showing Civil War battles in Tennessee

Many Tennessee newspapers are filmed and available at the TSLA. Most of these newspapers may be accessed by interlibrary loan to libraries within Tennessee, although there are some newspapers which are not available in or outside of Tennessee. For further information regarding interlibrary loan policies and newspapers not available for interlibrary loan click here. For a list of newspapers available at the archives for Hardin County click on the following city:

  • Miller, Alan N. West Tennessee's Forgotten Children: Apprentices from 1821 to 1889. Baltimore, Md.: Printed for Clearfield Company, Inc., by Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 2006. FHL US/CAN 976.8 U2man. Purchase at Genealogical.com. [Includes Hardin County.]

Tap into the minds of local experts. Editors of genealogical periodicals publish unique sources that researchers who are new to their area would not likely discover. This type of material may be found in local, regional, or statewide genealogical society journals. The following periodicals cover this county:

Ansearchin' News
Genealogical articles with abstracts of Hardin County, Tennessee Genealogy records have been published in Ansearchin' News, the quarterly magazine of the Tennessee Genealogical Society. To view a list of these articles, visit their county index. To read digitized versions of the first 36 years of articles (Vols. 1-36), browse their archive or conduct a surname search. The Family History Library has a complete collection of the Ansearchin' News quarterly FHL Book 976.8 B2a.

Family Findings
Genealogical articles with abstracts of Hardin County, Tennessee records have been published in Family Findings, the quarterly of the Mid-West Tennessee Genealogical Society (42+ vols.). The Family History Library has most issues of this quarterly FHL US/CAN 976.8 B2f.
Tables of contents for some volumes are available online, courtesy: TNGenWeb Project:
Many articles from this publication have been reproduced on the TNGenWeb Project website, try this specialized Google search.
Hardin County Historical Quarterly
Indexed in the PERiodical Source Index (PERSI)
West Tennessee Historical Society Papers
Family History Library has Volumes 1 - 16 and 30 FHL US/CAN Book 976.81 B5w. The West Tennessee Historical Society Papers are indexed in PERiodical Source Index (PERSI)
To view Table of Contents and complete articles from 1947 - 2005 see Shelby County Register of Deeds

Learn if your Hardin County, Tennessee Genealogy ancestors went to prison!

The County Court has responsibility for the probate records of Hardin County.

FamilySearch has placed scans of the following records online in the Tennessee, Probate Court Books, 1795-1927 collection. These are browse-only collections. Handwritten indexes may be found at the front or back of some volumes:

  • Wills, 1838-1921 (2 vols.)
  • Settlements, Wills, 1842-1848 ("Vol. D")
  • Inventories, Wills, 1836-1842 ("Vol. B")
  • Administrator records, 1873-1878
  • Bonds, 1895-1927
  • Bonds, Letters, 1874-1915 (3 vols.)
  • Insolvent estate records, 1873-1896
  • Inventories, 1865-1916 (3 vols.)
  • Settlements, 1836-1916 (4 vols.)

The following Hardin County probate records have been indexed:

  • [1866-1902] Brown, Albert. Index to Guardians Settlement Records, Jul 1866 - Jul 1902. Bethel Springs, Tennessee: A. Brown, 1994. (FHL 976.829 P28b.)
  • [1836-1861] Sistler, Byron and Barbara Sistler. Index to Tennessee Wills & Administrations 1779-1861. Nashville, Tenn. Byron Sistler & Associates, Inc., 1990. FHL US/CAN 976.8 P22s. [Includes an index to this county's probate records.]
  • USGenWeb's Hardin County page has links to some wills and estate records.

The original Hardin County Record of Tax Sales to the State records 1896-1913 were microfilmed by the TSLA. FHL copy: FHL US/CAN Film 983534 Item 1.

The original Hardin County State Tax on Mortgage records 1917-1928 were microfilmed by TSLA. FHL copy: FHL US/CAN Film 983534 Item 2.

The following Hardin County tax records have been abstracted:[11]

  • [1821-1823] "Hardin County Sheriff Seeks to Collect Three Years of Unpaid Taxes," [1821-1823] Ansearchin' News, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Spring 2000):17-18. For access, see Periodicals.
  • [1833] "1833 Enumeration, Hardin County, Tennessee," Ansearchin' News, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Winter 1983):159-163. FHL US/CAN Book 976.8 B2a v. 29-30 (1982-1983); free digital version at society's website. For further access, see Periodicals.
  • [1836-1837] "Hardin County, Tennessee 1836 Civil District Map" and "Hardin County, Tennessee 1836 and 1837 Tax Lists," Ansearchin' News, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Spring 1990):20-26; Vol. 37, No. 2 (Summer 1990):81-87. For access, see Periodicals.
  • [1836-1837] Brown, Albert. 1836 & 1837 Tax List Hardin Co., Tennessee. Bethel Springs, Tenn.: History & Genealogy, 1994. FHL US/CAN Book 976.831 R49b.
  • [1862-1866] Direct Tax Assessment List, 1862-66, Hardin County Historical Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Jul. 1982); Vol. 1, No. 2 (Oct. 1982); Vol. 1, No. 4 (Apr. 1983); Vol. 21, No. 1 (Jan. 1984); Vol. 2, No. 2 (Apr. 1984); Vol. 2, No. 4 (Oct. 1984); Vol. 3, No. 2 (Apr. 1985); Vol. 3, No. 3 (Jul. 1985); Vol. 3, No. 4 (Oct. 1985); Vol. 4, No. 1 (Jan. 1986); Vol. 4, No. 2 (Apr. 1986); Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jul. 1986); Vol. 4, No. 4 (Oct. 1986).

Vital Records

Marriages were not officially recorded in Hardin County during the first few years of its existence. In 1838, a law was passed mandating the practice.[12] The following publication, based on early newspapers, helps to alleviate this genealogical obstacle:

  • Lucas, Silas Emmett. Marriages from Early Tennessee Newspapers 1794-1851. Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, 1978. FHL 976.8 V2L.

The following Hardin County Courthouse marriage records have been abstracted and/or indexed:

  • 1859-1881 - Brewington, Tonney R. Marriage records of Hardin County, Tennessee, 1859-1881 : a listing of marriage data taken directly from the marriage registers found in the Hardin County courthouse Enville, Tennessee : Brewington Genealogical Services, c1991. FHL US/CAN Book 976.831 V2b
  • 1859-1887 - Brown, Albert Hardin County, Tennessee, marriages index, 1859-1887 Bethel Springs, Tennessee : A. Brown, c1994. FHL US/CAN Book 976.831 V28b
  • 1860-1899 - Hardin County Marriage Index 1860-1899 in International Genealogical Index at FamilySearch - free.[8]
  • 1863-1958 - Hardin County (Tennessee) County Court Clerk Marriage records (Hardin County, Tennessee), 1863-1958 Nashville, Tennessee : Tennessee State Library and Archives, [197-?]-1988. FHL US/CAN Film 981000, 879045-48, 1928699-701
  • 1865-1868 - Historical Records Survey (Tennessee) Marriage records, 1865-1868, Hardin County, Tennessee Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1939. FHL US/CAN Film 24684 item 3
  • Tennessee County Marriages, 1790-1950 - covers all counties in Tennessee.
  • Many county marriage records are indexed with images at Ancestry's Tennessee State Marriages, 1780-2002 ($).  Be aware that this index is not complete for all counties.

In 1940 and 1941, W.P.A. workers pinpointed the location of Hardin County divorce papers in diverse manuscript collections, see:

  • W.P.A. Guide to Public Vital Statistics in Tennessee. Nashville, Tenn.: The Tennessee Historical Records Survey, 1941. FHL US/CAN Book 976.8 A3gp.

For deaths of Methodists in Hardin County between the 1830s and the 1920s, try:

Societies and Libraries

Hardin County Library
1365 Pickwick St
Savannah, TN 38372
Mon, Tues, Thurs 9 am - 8 pm
Wed 9 am - 12 pm, Fri 9 am - 5 pm
Sat 9 am - 1 pm
Genealogical Resources: Census Records, Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, Probate Records, Newspapers including The Savannah Courier, Deeds, Court Minutes, Tax Lists, etc.
Hardin County Historical Society
P.O. Box 1012
Savannah, TN 38372
West Tennessee Heritage Study Center
Paul Meek Library
University of Tennessee at Martin
Hours vary by semester
The Heritage Study Center holds a variety of genealogical resources including materials relating to the following counties in Tennessee: Benton, Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Decatur, Dyer, Fayette, Gibson, Hardin, Haywood, Henderson, Henry, Houston, Humphreys, Lake, Lauderdale, Madison, McNairy, Obion, Perry, Shelby, Stewart, Tipton, Wayne, Weakley and Carlisle, Fulton, and Hickman counties in Kentucky.
West Tennessee Historical Society
P.O. Box 111046
Memphis, TN 38111

Web Sites

Wikipedia has more about this subject: Hardin County, Tennessee

  1. "Earliest County Records," Tennessee State Library and Archives.
  2. Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), Hardin County, Tennessee page 640, At various libr40ries (WorldCat); FHL Book 973 D27e 2002.
  3. "List of counties in Tennessee," Wikipedia.
  4. The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, UT: Everton Publishers, 2002), 640. (FHL Collection Ref Book 973 D27e 2002). WorldCat entry.
  5. Voice of Lynnae Weller, Kingsport, Tenn. (2010).
  6. Voice of Gene Black, FamilySearch employee, former resident of Bristol, Tenn. (2010).
  7. *Waldrep, G.C. "'Free Colored' Heads of Household in the 1820 Tennessee Census," available online, courtesy: Free African Americans website.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/d/d3/Igitennesseef.pdf.
  9. Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 19 September 2012)
  10. Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 22 August 2012)
  11. The Heritage Quest Online version of PERSI aided in the compilation of this list.
  12. Gale Williams Bamman, C.G., "Research in Tennessee," National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 81, No. 2 (June 1993):105. FHL 973 B2ng v. 81


text:
How to Juice a Pomegranate

Depending on who you listen to, getting the juice out of a pomegranate can be a messy, daunting task, right up there with hacking open stubborn coconuts with a machete. (see my friend Jaden’s very funny post about coconuts)

For example, in my go-to guide, The Produce Bible (a beautifully photographed encyclopedia of all things fruit, vegetable, herbal and nutty) author Leanne Kitchen first warns that pomegranate juice will permanently stain your clothing. She goes on to describe a juicing method, which involves peeling the sectioned fruit while submerging it in a bowl of water, collecting the seeds that float to the top and finally, chopping them in a food processor to collect the juice. Okaaay. Seems like a lot of work.

And the New Joy of Cooking (NJOC) not only includes the method above for seed extraction, but alternatively has you rolling the fruit around on the counter to release the juices, quartering them, picking out the seeds, wrapping them up in cheesecloth and then squeezing the bundle really hard over a bowl.

While I admit that I’m somewhat of a purist – I mean, most sensible people would just go out and buy a bottle of juice – I’m also lazy. I want fresh-squeezed pomegranate juice, and I don’t want any trouble, hear? Why make things so complicated?

When I saw a recipe I needed to try – Pomegranate Sorbet in A Passion for Ice Cream, I decided to juice my own darn pomegranates. I also happened to have a lot of them on hand – Costco had flats at a bargain price.

My easy-peasy method is simply to cut them in halves (or into quarters if they are Really Big Pomegranates) and juice them in my electric juicer. No mess, not much fuss. There was a little bit of splashing, but I assure you, no clothing was harmed during the filming of this episode.

I found that 3 pomegranates gave me a generous 2 cups of juice, just what I needed to make the sorbet. The NJOC did say that crushing the seeds can release tannin, resulting in bitter juice; but I didn’t find that to be a problem – I must have a gentle juicer.

Pomegranates are in the last throes of their season now – but if you do find some in the market you can refrigerate them for up to a month, easily. Of course, you can make this gorgeous, jewel-colored sorbet with store bought juice, too. Just make sure you buy pure juice without added sugar and other kinds of juices.

Pomegranate Sorbet
adapted from A Passion for Ice Cream by Emily Luchetti

3/4 cup sugar
1 cup water
2 cups pure pomegranate juice (fresh or bottled)
1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
1/8 teaspoon kosher salt

Whisk together the sugar and water in a small saucepan. Bring to a boil and simmer until sugar is dissolved. Transfer syrup to a Pyrex or stainless steel bowl. Stir in the pomegranate juice, lemon juice and salt. Refrigerate until cold, at least 2 hours. Churn in an ice cream machine according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Scrape the sorbet into a freezer-safe container and freeze until scoopable, about 3 hours, before serving.

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  1. I would have never thought to juice my own pomegranate, but this sorbet looks delicious and healthy, I may just try it!

  2. I can’t believe how much juice you were able to extract using that method! I’m so glad you shared this because I never would have thought to try using that type of juicer! The color of that sorbet is absolutely gorgeous!

  3. Nice pics! My mouth is watering as I remember eating this sorbet,

  4. add that juice to a martini and i’m coming over!!! hehe

  5. Jenny, I know it seems kind of crazy to go the trouble, but the juice does have an intense color and flavor, somehow more so than the bottled version.

    Nicole, isn’t it crazy?! I did have some ginormous fruits, though. Very juicy ones.

    Kudos to you, Liza! Thanks for the pics.

    Maine626, my thoughts EXACTLY!

  6. I am a HUGE HUGE fan of reducing processes to their most basic steps, getting the job done without unnecessary time/effort/hoopla.

    So kudos.

    And this is a weird fact re: pomegranate juice, but kinda cool. Summers we spend some time in a very bee-infested area, so we hand some bee traps here and there to escort them away from all of our food. AND pomegranate juice is by far the number one effective bee invitation. Above sugar water, above soda, it is amazing.

    Not that I would ever promote killing bees, mind you… just saying.

  7. Deborah Dowd says:

    How pretty (and Healthy)This could easily be a Valentine’s Day dessert with a couple of chocolate truffles!

  8. I’ve always thought pomegranate were a nuisance to eat because of the seeds, but you’ve facilitated the task now!:)

  9. What a grand idea!
    This has to be cheaper than buying POM.
    I love pomegranate juice.

  10. While I admit that I’m somewhat of a purist – I mean, most sensible people would just go out and buy a bottle of juice – I’m also lazy. I want fresh-squeezed pomegranate juice, and I don’t want any trouble, hear? Why make things so complicated?

    Turns out you’re a girl after my heart! Have always wondered what the best way to go about this seemingly onerous task is. Problem solved! Would also be truly fantastic with champagne!

  11. Janelle, the bee juice trap is very interesting – I wonder if yellow jackets would fall for it too. Hmmm…

    Deborah, that’s sounds perfect!

    Emiline, might be cheaper, especially when you get your pomegranates by the case load. Ha!

    Hi Valentina – never fear the pomegranate.

    Sarah I love the champagne idea! Might just try that now…

  12. Gorgeous colour! I want some!

  13. Tartelette says:

    This could be the perfect Valentine’s day dessert! Looks mouth watering!

  14. fasntastic, O love Pomagranate and they are very healthy

    David Moretti

  15. I have LOTS of pomegranates and am using a juicer made especially for pomegranates. When I get the juice there is a “foam” at the top of the juice when I pour it into a container. What is this foam? Should I leave it with the juice or skim it off? I have been skimming it off. I would appreciate an answer from anyone who knows and can answer my question.

    • Hi Joyce,
      I use a high power juicer (not the one pictured in this post) to juice other fruits and vegetables and it produces foam as well. It might have to do with the very fast speed of the juicing blade. I usually skim it off, since it doesn’t have much taste and it clouds up the pretty juice.
      I’m very interested in your special pomegranate juicer – I don’t think I’ve ever seen or heard of one of those. Do you grow the fruits?

  16. Hi Karen,

    We have 2 trees that we bought about 22 years ago and grow them for fun. We used to just eat the seeds but we have so many that I decided to make jelly. When Ike hit the pomegranates were knocked off the trees. By hand it took me a week to extract the seeds then make jelly; I got a big 5 small jars. This year I decided to do it with the machine. I found the Breville on the net and it works great. I have about 2 gallons of juice. I do have a question for anyone who can answer; the juice is a bit bitter from the seeds. What can I do to take away the bitter taste? Also, the juice is very strong; I am thinking of diluting it with water. Any comments or recommendations? Somewhere on the net I found that the juice is a great acne fighter so I am drinking some every day.

  1. […] use the fresh, tart seeds as much as possible before the fruits disappear. I’ve been known to juice the whole fruits to make into cocktails and sorbets, which is fun and also a tad messy, but after a few Pometinis who […]

Leave a Comment


text:
Reviewer: Delphine Jinx
Date: 06/21/07 15:15
Chapter: Dumbledore's Help

L.O.V.E it! Lily Potter, eh? Who would'a thunk it. Keep up the great work

Author's Response: Thanks! I thought I'd add a twist of history to it. Glad to know you love it!!

Reviewer: MJ_Padfoot
Date: 06/16/07 10:27
Chapter: Realization

Ohhh! Good story! I can't wait to read more of this. I'm going to start reading chapter three! Happy writing! ~MJ

Reviewer: kiriol13
Date: 06/04/07 18:56
Chapter: Realization

just like heaven is my favorite romance movie..i like it very well done ^_^

Reviewer: kiriol13
Date: 06/01/07 12:53
Chapter: Realization

keep up the good work..

Reviewer: slytherinprincess22
Date: 05/18/07 12:51
Chapter: When All Else Fails

Just like heaven is a fabulous movie! loving this fic! keep updating!

Reviewer: telmasif
Date: 05/17/07 12:38
Chapter: When All Else Fails

oh, i love your story !
waiting for the next chapter.

Reviewer: Delphine Jinx
Date: 05/14/07 17:23
Chapter: When All Else Fails

Haha. I absolutely love it. Strange predicament for Draco indeed. Please update soon.

Reviewer: DraZo
Date: 05/10/07 11:11
Chapter: When All Else Fails

wow loving it! keep up the good work i cant wait to read the next chapter

Reviewer: Scarlett_Sienna
Date: 05/10/07 6:58
Chapter: When All Else Fails

i like it. continue, plz :D

Reviewer: caruth
Date: 05/08/07 0:50
Chapter: When All Else Fails

oooohhh..this chap is incredible! haha..please update again..haha..can't wait til hermione and draco gets on with the romance! love this chap..keep on writing!

Reviewer: phoenix_fille
Date: 05/06/07 15:07
Chapter: When All Else Fails

Very imaginative story. Poor Hermione, being almost alive and almost dead at the same time. Update soon!

Reviewer: Mckayroks
Date: 05/06/07 14:40
Chapter: When All Else Fails

this story's brilliant you have to update this soon!!!! how could you leave it there! lol :)

Author's Response: lol, yea, cliffies are fun though! (for the writers at least) I'm almost done writing chapter 4, it should be up within a week or 2.

Reviewer: Gwinna
Date: 05/06/07 12:34
Chapter: When All Else Fails

Yay, I like how they're getting closer! Wonder how McGonagall will react to what Draco has to tell her... Good chapter; looking forward to the next one!

Reviewer: silverstrand1
Date: 05/05/07 22:18
Chapter: When All Else Fails

HeHeHe a problem. Yah. Good Job! I love how he is nice to her but doesn't want her to know he is bieng nice!

Reviewer: mysticmemories
Date: 05/05/07 21:19
Chapter: When All Else Fails

AWESOME!!! when's the next one coming up?

Author's Response: The next one should be up within a week or 2. I'm glad you like it!

Reviewer: mock_turtle
Date: 05/05/07 19:00
Chapter: When All Else Fails

why isn't pomfrey suspicious of malfoy wanting to be alone with hermione? they have a bad history between them.

how come hermione doesnt' feel hungry? ever? she can feel heat.

Author's Response: Pomfrey is too gung ho on house unity to be suspicious, plus he can't do anything wrong or he'll be kicked out because of the almost-killing-Dumbledore thing. Hermione can't feel anything. She can only feel heat when Draco touches her, she can't feel anything else, plus Pomfrey gave her some kind of potion that makes it so she doesn't starve to death because of her coma state, if Hermione didn't have something like that, then she would've already been dead.

Reviewer: emoprincess26
Date: 05/05/07 18:50
Chapter: When All Else Fails

Oh, cliffie. I hope you can get the next chapter up soon. Will McGonagall be able to help? Hmmm...

Reviewer: A_Pink_lady
Date: 05/05/07 13:21
Chapter: When All Else Fails

Oh...Hermione and Malfoy are getting closer....very cool. I liked the bit with hermione staring at the book, and when she stoof through him. V. Good. I cant wait for more! I wonder what mcgonagall will do. I think dear malfoy should have a chat to Harry and ron, with hermione commenting, that would be funny!

Author's Response: Thanks for the idea! I think I'll use that. I'm glad you like it.

Reviewer: beebeau29
Date: 04/26/07 3:21
Chapter: Annoyed to Insanity

This story really is excellent! Congrats on writing such a great piece of work!
Please update soon! : )

Author's Response: Thank you! Chapter 3 should be up very soon, it's being betad, soit should be up in the next few days, if the mods let it go up immediately.

Reviewer: Pirkadatka
Date: 04/25/07 14:51
Chapter: Annoyed to Insanity

Omg, I1ve nearly fallen from my chair!!! :D :D
I laughed so hard, it was really-really amusing the "annoying of Malfoy"-part!!
Update soon!!!
This is damn hilarious!!!

Author's Response: Thanks! I have the third chapter written and it's currently being betad, so it should be up within the next few days if it immediately gets put up.

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Penname: LolaRose [Contact]
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The Journey Back by Gmariam
Rated: 3rd-5th Years [Reviews - 79]

Summary: Hermione is working for the Department of Magical Law Enforcement on repealing old laws that favor purebloods, while Ron has recently left the Auror Office to join his brother at Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes. When Hermione decides to move to Australia to be with her parents, Ron is forced to confront the reasons behind her abrupt decision. Yet there is more going on than he realizes, and a simple proposal takes him to the other side of the world, where they will face one last test of their love. This story is now complete!

Categories: Ron/Hermione Genre: Warnings: Mild Profanity

Word count: 27879 Chapters: 10 Completed: Yes
05/20/11 Updated: 06/30/12

Reviewer: LolaRose Signed
Date: 07/20/11 Title: Chapter 1: Chapter One

I love your story; cannot wait for the next chapter!

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I'm 14.
i luv HP (If I didn't i wouldn't be on this website)
i luv my cat Charlie
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I luv writing

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NWoF Guild

I ship:
Lily/James, Ron/Hermione, Draco/Hermione Sirius/Doodlesbury

Doodlesbury is a character of my own. Also, I think hermione might be able to soften up Draco a bit, that is why i ship them.
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Current Moon Phase

Waning Gibbous
99% of full

Farmers Almanac
The 2015 Farmers Almanac
Farmers' Almanac

Weather History Results for Empire, OH (43926) April 9th, 1971

« Previous Day - 4/8/1971 •••• 4/10/1971 - Next Day »

On April 9th, 1971, the closest available weather station to Empire, OH (PITTSBURGH INTERNATIONAL AP, PA), reported the following conditions:

High Temp: 73.9°F *
Low Temp: 36°F *
Average Temp: 55.2°F( 24 )
Dewpoint: 27°F( 24 )
Sea Level Pressure: 1016.2 mb( 24 )
Station Pressure: 971.9 mb( 24 )
Visibility: 16.7 miles( 24 )
Wind Speed: 12.6 knots( 24 )
Max Wind Speed: 26 knots
Max Wind Gust: n/a
Precipitation Amount: n/a
Snow Depth: n/a
Observations: Rain/Drizzle
  • ( number ) = Number of observations used in calculating result for the day.
  • * = Indicates max temp was derived from the hourly data (i.e., highest hourly or synoptic-reported temperature), and not from the explicit max temp report.
  • See more historical weather results for Empire, OH on this day:
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    Disclaimer: Farmers' Almanac's Weather History information is based upon data collected by the National Climatic Data Center. While we cannot guarantee every reported condition for a given day is accurate, we are continuing to work with the NCDC to provide information that is as accurate as possible.

    If you notice a hole in the upper left-hand corner of your Farmers' Almanac, don't return it to the store! That hole isn't a defect; it's a part of history. Starting with the first edition of the Farmers' Almanac in 1818, readers used to nail holes into the corners to hang it up in their homes, barns, and outhouses (to provide both reading material and toilet paper). In 1910, the Almanac's publishers began pre-drilling holes in the corners to make it even easier for readers to keep all of that invaluable information (and paper) handy.


text:
Cautious optimism.

That's the outlook of farm equipment makers as they head into 2003.

Opinions of the different manufacturers vary slightly, but they're all talking about leaving behind a recessionary cycle of low equipment demand that began in 1998. And they hope to climb out during the second half of this year.

Most industry gurus expected greater market improvement in 2002, on the heels of modest growth in 2001. “We saw recovery in the tractor business until this past year when we slid backwards by 10 to 15%,” says Robert Ratliff, chairman, president and CEO of AGCO.

“This slide was a surprise because many economic factors supported a slight improvement over 2001,” he says. “The drought didn't help certain farmers as it further deferred purchases, but we now believe the cycle has run its course and see positive signs of growth in 2003 through 2005 or so.”

Doug DeVries, Deere's senior vice president of agricultural marketing worldwide, also expects improvement in 2003. “The industry will continue a transition toward market growth as the fundamentals are in place. Yes, there are some concerns such as lingering drought, customer unfamiliarity with farm bill specifics, and commodity prices, but we're confident that overall sales will improve,” he says.

Second-half climb

Case IH Vice President Jim Irwin predicts greater stability this year, “but we feel the majority of growth won't occur until the second half of 2003. There's still some market hesitancy due to commodity prices, moisture shortage, and farm bill specifics, but we're on the downward end of the cycle and should see recovery later this year,” he adds.

The other half of CNH Global, New Holland, agrees with the overall industry outlook. “The Ag Equipment Manufacturers outlook predicts a 5% increase in overall sales for 2003, and we feel this will be fairly accurate,” says Allen Rider, vice president of the company's North American ag business.

Short-line equipment companies also see reasons for optimism. General Manager Vince Tomlonovic of Minnesota-based Hiniker Company is already seeing increased dealer and farmer inquiries on spring products. “We feel that there will be two distinct areas of sales activity, divided down the line of drought versus non-drought areas,” he says. “Where farmers had good yields, we'll see good sales activity, because there is pent-up demand to upgrade. But when you add the two areas together, it's hard to predict how much overall increase we'll see.”

Dick Brown, president of Kansas-based Krause Manufacturing, thinks agriculture's recovery will precede a recovery in the general economy. “Once the farmers are on the upturn, which we feel they are, then it usually takes our business a crop season to catch up, so we look for improved sales in the third and fourth quarter of 2003,” he says.

From its Ohio base, Unverferth Manufacturing is beginning to see some excellent Midwest activity on spring tillage tools, according to Dan Fanger, vice president of sales and marketing. “We're not anticipating a boom year by any means, just hoping to achieve a modest improvement over 2002,” he says.

Major mergers done

Like many industries, the machinery business has seen its share of consolidation. The big Case IH/New Holland marriage back in 1999 may have been the last of the big deals, according to most industry prognosticators. Yes, there are some that think Fiat's latest economic troubles cast a cloud over CNH's future, but some experts believe otherwise (see sidebar about CNH Global).

No major industry consolidation appears to be on the horizon. “There is no room for this,” reports John McGinty, long-time machinery industry analyst for Credit Suisse First Boston. “I don't think CNH or Deere could buy AGCO from a Justice Department standpoint.

“What we will continue to see are pieces of larger conglomerates being bought and sold, such as Europe's Partek tractors, Renault tractors, perhaps Same tractors and others,” McGinty says. “We'll also continue to see movement with short-line equipment companies as well.”

2003 ag equipment retail sales forecast
(unit sales — 2003 vs. 2002)
2-wd tractors
<40 hp +1.8%
40 to 100 hp +1.1%
>100 hp +2.5%
4-wd tractors +10.7%
Combines +4.8%
Field equipment +4.6%
Farmstead equipment +5.1%
Planters +4.9%
Air seeders/drills +9.0%
Field cultivators +1.3%
Disk harrows +2.2%
Source: Association of Equipment Manufacturers
“State of Ag Industry — Mid-year Outlook,” July 2002

And speaking of short-line companies, when one thinks of mergers and acquisitions, the name AGCO comes to mind. “This has been our core competency, and we've been very successful blending our many brands into an efficient company,” Ratliff says. “Along with our most recent additions of the Cat Challenger line and Sunflower tillage line, we anticipate further acquisitions over the next few years, adding companies that fit our strategy of adding new technology or market dominance.”

Shrinking chain

Equipment manufacturers realize the supply chain will continue to shrink. “Over the next several years, we'll see a continued reduction in owner groups of dealerships, but a fairly limited reduction in the number of outlets,” Deere's DeVries says.

As brand and product loyalties diminish over the years, equipment companies recognize the growing importance of their dealer organizations. Customers tend to be loyal to local dealers, but dealers face profit challenges due to this current down cycle.

The major equipment companies tout programs to help dealers become stronger locally. They are increasing dealer training, but also demanding that certain standards be met to achieve optimum customer satisfaction. “With fewer dealers out there, farmers have fewer choices within driving distance, so it is critical for us to do everything we can to help dealers improve customer loyalty,” says New Holland's Rider.

One sales trend that is helping the dealer is what companies call pre-selling. “We're offering more programs to pre-sell equipment,” Rider says. “Not only does this help the dealer reduce inventory costs, it helps us better learn customer needs and then build to suit those needs, reducing the costs for all involved.”

Irwin says Case IH already pre-sells a high percentage of its production, “but we're looking to increase these programs to shorten up the supply chain and get the latest technology to customers faster. Dealers are becoming advisors to producers, helping them plan purchases and placing orders a year or more down the road,” he says. “And this has become a big trend for us.”

Similar products

As the industry has consolidated, so has the manufacturing part of this sector. To be more efficient, and therefore more competitive, both CNH and AGCO have adopted common platforms across their tractor and combine brands, with increasing product line commonality slated for the future.

“In our new Racine, WI, plant, we have both red and blue tractors coming off the same assembly line, with 65% of the components being common,” Irwin says. “We'll soon be doing the same with combines as we merge manufacturing into the New Holland, Grand Island, NE, combine plant. And there will be more of this in the years ahead.”

AGCO, due to its 20-plus acquisitions and multiple-brand strategy, has been using common platforms across brands for some time. “Our tractors, excluding Fendt and Challenger, now have 65 to 70% parts commonality,” Ratliff says. “In combines, we're at about 50% commonality but plan to increase this rapidly, and in hay tools we run about 85% common parts.”

Future growth

Globally, most companies and analysts see continued growth in parts of Europe and South America. McGinty sees Europe as a market where unit sales will be flat to down but thinks there will be an increase in average horsepower. Latin American sales, he predicts, will remain relatively flat as well.

Looking past the next three to five years, McGinty believes Eastern Europe, China, India and the former Soviet Union offer huge market potential, but he says it's a difficult market to predict at this time, filled with more questions than answers.

Despite a soft North American market, AGCO continues to do well because 75% of its sales are outside the U.S. “We've doubled our earnings in each of the last three years, showed significant gains in 2002 and will continue this in 2003,” says Robert Ratliff, chairman, president and CEO of AGCO.

According to the company's third quarter 2002 report, net sales for the first nine months of 2002 increased 18%, mainly due to higher sales in Europe and South America, plus incremental sales resulting from the Ag-Chem acquisition (April 2001) and the Challenger product line introduction. “Our growth in South America, where we're the market share leader, and in western Europe, where we're number two, continues strong,” Ratliff says.

AGCO's net sales are expected to grow approximately 13 to 14% in 2002 compared with 2001 sales, primarily due to the impact of the Challenger product line introduction, a full year of Ag-Chem sales and the strengthening of the Euro.

AGCO's big news in 2002 was its acquisition of the MT series Challenger tractor line from Caterpillar, plus the most recent addition of Sunflower tillage, seeding and specialty harvesting tools.

AGCO has signed up almost all of the 63 North American Caterpillar distributors and expects to sign up 45 distributors outside the U.S.

Ratliff is quick to point out that, despite an overall industry sales decline of 15% in 2002, AGCO increased market share on almost all products. “To name a few, the Massey Ferguson and Hesston lines are doing extremely well; we've added 150 or so new dealers in the past two years; our Fendt line of the world's most high-tech tractor continues to prove its value to customers; and our drive to give customers the latest technology continues on target,” he says.

AGCO products are distributed under the brand names AGCO, Ag-Chem, Challenger, Farmhand, Fendt, Fieldstar, Gleaner, Glencoe, Hesston, LOR*AL, Massey Ferguson, New Idea, Soilteq, Spra-Coupe, Sunflower, Tye, White Planters and Willmar. For more information, visit your local dealer or

John Deere

Compared with 2001 sales, Deere's agricultural division net sales were 12% higher for the fourth quarter and 7% higher for the year. The quarterly increase was primarily due to higher overseas sales, but also included an improvement in the U.S. and Canada. For the year, the increase was due to higher overseas sales, especially in Europe, where the company introduced a record number of new products.

According to John McGinty, analyst at Credit Suisse First Boston, Deere continues to cut costs and focus on returns. “However, everything hinges on the timing of the market recovery,” he says. “With half their sales and three-quarters of the profit traditionally coming from North American farm equipment sales, they need North American demand to pick up to improve profit potential.”

What drives success at John Deere? “New product introductions over the last couple of years are creating a lot of opportunities for us,” says Doug DeVries, Deere's senior vice president of agricultural marketing worldwide. “A couple good examples are the new 20 series tractor line, with innovations such as our Infinitely Variable Transmission, TLS II front axle suspension, active seat, and new powershift, and our line of self-propelled forage harvesters.”

The company's Ag Management Solutions group continues to develop new products to help track and report field operations.

Deere also offers complete packages of solutions before and after the sale, such as credit capabilities, maintenance programs and product support. For more information, visit your local dealer or

CNH Global

Although most ag equipment companies face financial challenges, CNH Global has a dual challenge. Not only is the company struggling to reduce its own debt load (it did reduce its debt-to-capitalization ratio by one-third in 2002), but Fiat (which owns 85% of CNH) is itself struggling to stave off creditors.

As this February issue went to press, creditor banks, the Italian government, the Agnelli family (Fiat founder, 30% owner) and other investors (General Motors) are trying to find a solution. According to the latest reports in Europe's leading business newspaper Financial Times, creditor banks were weighing numerous options, such as spinning off the losing auto division into a holding company and selling the aeronautics division, but there was no reported speculation of a possible sale of CNH.

Despite all the talk, farm equipment industry analysts believe that CNH will survive.

“If you look at Fiat, aside from the car company that they may or may not keep, what else do they have?” asks John McGinty, analyst at Credit Suisse First Boston. “I think there's no doubt that in any kind of financial restructuring of Fiat, the share equity and debt they have in CNH would be preserved because otherwise you destroy the value of the equity if you call the debt, because you force a liquidation of the company. That's not going to happen.

“I don't think there's any question that CNH will survive and go on,” he adds. “And I believe an ownership change is highly unlikely because there isn't anyone out there in a position that will want to buy them.”

Ask either New Holland's Vice President Allen Rider or Case IH Vice President Jim Irwin, and they'll both tout their commitment to the long haul. “Our merger occurred in late 1999 because it was needed for both companies,” Rider says. “The larger the merger, the more time it takes to be able to gain all the synergies and get all the processes in place. We're making progress on resolving our debt, and there's no reason for concern. With our combined size, we can be a long-term, financially sound company.”

“This is a work in progress,” Irwin adds. “We're continually investing back into the business, as our R&D expenditures, as a percentage of sales, are equal to our competitors'. We have chosen not to make short-term gains by cutting back on R&D, which should offer proof of our long-term commitment to our dealers and customers.

“By next year, we will have replaced 97% of our product line with new products since CNH was formed,” Irwin says. And New Holland will have replaced 90% of its product line by next year, according to Rider.

A few of the products driving customer excitement for Case IH, Irwin says, are its 1200 series planters with the ASM metering system, improved Early Riser row units, and the STX Steiger and Quadtrac 4-wd tractor lines.

Another innovation is a new laptop-based electronic service tool for dealers, allowing easier diagnosis of problems. For more information, visit your local dealer or

On the New Holland side, Rider says recent new product introductions in combines and tractors are driving excitement. “With the introduction of our new CR Twin Rotor combines, we now have more models than ever, including conventional threshing machines. Our new TG and TM tractor lines, combined with the TJ four-wheel-drive machines we introduced last year, give us a complete line of tractors with unique features found only at New Holland,” he says. For more information, visit your local dealer or


text:
Saturday, April 26, 2008

No Shame (with poll)

Quite a week for the Conservative spinsters, working so hard, getting nowhere, embarrassing themselves in the process. Maybe the worst example, Ryan Sparrow's attack on a former Conservative candidate, for committing the ultimate sin- telling the truth:
In response to former Conservative candidate Joseph Goudie:

In an affidavit sworn on Wednesday for Elections Canada, which is investigating the scheme to determine whether election laws were violated, he says: “I feel angry that I and [the] campaign team have been dragged into this mess.”

Conservative Party spokesman Ryan Sparrow says the allegations are merely gripes from a failed campaign.

“These advertisements purchased by the local campaigns were identified as such in the tag lines required by the rules for election advertising,” Mr. Sparrow wrote in an e-mail Friday. “These are people who wanted to run for the Conservative Party. They knew the program was legal. They are speaking out now – a full two years later because they lost.”

Eating your own, has it come to this?

Who's the worst of the worst:

900 ft Jesus said...

the pompous little prick came fist followed by The Mouth.

(that was fun, thanks)

Greg said...

If you put an "All of the above" option in it would win, hands down.

Tomm said...

I gotta pick Sparrow.

But to be quite honest, the entire CPC machine should be selected.

The candidates are just following party HQ orders. Its the big brained guys in the back room deciding to go to battle with Elections Canada. Somebody's career within the CPC machine should be changing direction. To go to war with Elections Canada over 5% of their elections spending, and not even that but tax rebates on the 5%.

Its beyond stupid.

Steve V said...

It's not like the party doesn't have the money in the coffers to augment whatever didn't come back from EC. The legal action looks to be kneejerk, a pattern to put a potential controversy on the perceived backburner. However, apart from what happened or didn't, the WORST part, by far, how this raid and the aftermath were handled. That secret press meeting has to be one of the stupidiest ideas I've ever heard, alienating the messenger- that's damage control? Whomever's idea that one was deserves a demotion, but methinks the big guy had a hand in it.

"All of the above" is too easy :)


text:
Secrecy News

Appeals Court Rejects Reporter’s Privilege in Leak Case

In a new ruling with ominous implications for national security reporting, an appeals court said today that there is no reporter’s privilege that would allow New York Times reporter James Risen to decline to identify the source of classified information that he revealed in his book State of War.

Mr. Risen had been subpoenaed to testify in the leak prosecution of former CIA officer Jeffrey Sterling, who is accused of leaking information to Risen about a failed CIA operation against Iran’s nuclear program.  In 2011, the lower court had ruled that Risen would not be compelled to reveal his source.  The Fourth Circuit court of appeals today reversed that ruling.

“There is no First Amendment testimonial privilege, absolute or qualified, that protects a reporter from being compelled to testify by the prosecution or the defense in criminal proceedings about criminal conduct that the reporter personally witnessed or participated in, absent a showing of bad faith, harassment, or other such non-legitimate motive, even though the reporter promised confidentiality to his source,” said the majority ruling, written by Chief Judge William B. Traxler Jr.

“So long as the subpoena is issued in good faith and is based on a legitimate need of law enforcement, the government need not make any special showing to obtain evidence of criminal conduct from a reporter in a criminal proceeding. The reporter must appear and give testimony just as every other citizen must. We are not at liberty to conclude otherwise,” Judge Traxler wrote.

In a dissenting opinion, Circuit Judge Roger L. Gregory said the majority ruling was a fateful mistake.

“Our country’s Founders established the First Amendment’s guarantee of a free press as a recognition that a government unaccountable to public discourse renders that essential element of democracy — the vote — meaningless. The majority reads narrowly the law governing the protection of a reporter from revealing his sources, a decision that is, in my view, contrary to the will and wisdom of our Founders.”

“I find it sad that the majority departs from… our established precedent to announce for the first time that the First Amendment provides no protection for reporters,” Judge Gregory wrote.

“Under the majority’s articulation of the reporter’s privilege, or lack thereof, absent a showing of bad faith by the government, a reporter can always be compelled against her will to reveal her confidential sources in a criminal trial.”

“The majority exalts the interests of the government while unduly trampling those of the press, and in doing so, severely impinges on the press and the free flow of information in our society. The First Amendment was designed to counteract the very result the majority reaches today,” Judge Gregory wrote.

There is a permanent tension, if not an irreconcilable conflict, between a free press and the operations of national security.  The tension can be managed by the exercise of prudent self-restraint on both sides.  So, for example, news organizations do not publish all secret information they acquire, and the government does not exercise its full legal authority to penalize unauthorized publication.  But the tension can also be exacerbated, as in the present case, perhaps to a breaking point.

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text:
BAE Systems to protect security-sensitive projects

BAE Systems said it will protect security-sensitive projects like the Trident nuclear submarine program in order to allay security concerns about its planned merger with EADS.

BAE said it also planned to circle the wagons around its cybersecurity arm handling sensitive government information, according to Reuters.

The $49 billion merger between the two British companies would create the largest aerospace firm in the world. But it still faces obstacles before it’s approved.

This story is part of Federal News Radio’s daily Cybersecurity Update. For more cybersecurity news, click here.


text:
Agencies use special rates to close public-private pay disparity

The Office of Personnel Management is seeking input from agencies on whether to adjust the way some General Schedule (GS) employees will be paid in 2015.

OPM Director Katherine Archuleta wrote a memo to Chief Human Capital Officers, calling for data on GS employees who are paid using special rates authorized under 5 U.S.C. 5305 and 5 CFR part 530, subpart C.

A special rate is an alternate adjustment — separate from locality pay adjustments — made either through a flat dollar amount or a percentage of the base pay. OPM can authorize higher rates of pay for specific occupations and locations to address significant challenges in recruitment or retention.

The request comes at a significant moment as President Barack Obama has proposed a 1 percent pay increase for all federal employees in his budget for fiscal year 2015. Agencies must determine how that increase, if Congress doesn’t remove it, will impact GS employees who are being paid using special rates.

“The President’s budget for fiscal year 2015 proposes a total pay increase costing 1 percent of basic payroll,” Archuleta said in the memo. “In other words, any across-the-board general increase in GS base rates combined with any locality pay increases (which could vary by locality pay area) would be limited to a 1 percent overall increase in the basic payroll. As of the date of this memorandum, the President has not exercised his alternative adjustment authorities or indicated whether the increase proposed in the budget would be implemented through an across-the-board increase in GS base rates and/or locality pay increases. The President would exercise his alternative plan authority for the GS base rate increase under 5 U.S.C. 5303 by August 31, 2014.”

Ron Sanders, vice president and Booz Allen fellow at Booz Allen Hamilton, said the memo itself is not unusual. It’s something OPM sends out annually to solicit information from agencies on existing special rates to determine if they should be reduced, increased or terminated or new ones implemented based on staffing changes.

“What may be significant this year — in addition to the fact that there may actually be a 1 percent pay raise — is that because of all the past years where there has been no General Schedule increase, there are some occupations, maybe now bordering on many occupations, where federal salaries pay significantly below market,” Sanders said. “So, agencies have to take a look at that and decide whether it’s necessary to go after special salary rates for those occupations.”

Years without pay increases create disparity

The cumulative effect of multiple years without a federal pay raise is a widening disparity between private and public sector pay rates for particular occupations.

“Let’s take the base General Schedule salary rate for a GS-12 financial management specialist,” Sanders said. “Three or four years ago, the GS salary for financial management specialist either nationwide or in any given locale, may have been competitive enough to recruit and retain. But, over the last three, four, five years, where the regular GS salary schedule did not increase, the salaries for those federal jobs may have fallen significantly below market such that an agency would come in for a special rates request in order to remain competitive.”

The special rates adjustment can be applied by occupation nationwide or in a particular labor market.

“Right now, the special rates authority is the only way that OPM … has to deal with significant labor market disparities,” Sanders said.

The General Schedule salary rates have failed to keep up with the private sector by grossly underpaying or overpaying federal employees for the work they do.

“While no one has ever suggested that we reduce the rates of existing federal employees, the fact that what we overpay and we underpay are probably more or less a wash,” he said. “When you try a one-size-fits-all 1 percent, in effect there are winners and losers. One percent does very little to keep us competitive in IT/cyber work and, in many respects, it’s over-competitive in some locales for lower graded GS groups.”

The pay disparity in the IT and cybersecurity fields is a particular sore spot for agencies when it comes to retention and recruitment. When agency recruiters go to campuses, for example, they have a difficult time competing for the top-tier cybersecurity graduates,

“Even with special rates in effect, all that does is it ups the ante,” Sanders said. “If you’re a Google or a Microsoft, you know that there is still an absolute limit that the government can pay. If you’re competing for the top 10 percent of the graduating class of Carnegie Mellon, you don’t have to offer a whole lot more to know you’re going to land the recruit. The special rates process is a Band-Aid on the General Schedule salary or a pay process that’s very much broken. This is this year’s version of a Band-Aid and it will stop some of the bleeding, but it won’t stop all of it and we really need to worry about a longer term solution.”

Sanders and others have long advocated for overhauling the civil service pay system to keep it more competitive with the labor market. One of his suggestions is for Congress to authorize a 1 percent increase to payroll rather than the 1 percent across-the-board pay raise for every GS employee.

“You manage to that new payroll budget,” he said. “It’s a 1 percent increase, but underneath that 1 percent you may give some occupations a higher, across-the-board increase because the labor market warrants it and some occupations less. You wouldn’t cut anybody’s pay, but they would get less — they may not get anything because the labor market says salaries haven’t gone up. So, I’ve long been an advocate for sort of taking special rates one step further and setting all of the General Schedule salaries by occupation and location, not across-the-board, one-size-fits-all.”

Sanders advocates for doing this systemically for all of the General Schedule, although he admitted that the political winds may be too tough right now for such a move.

“So, think about this incrementally,” he said. “Maybe it is IT-cyber professionals first because they’re so out-of-whack and eventually some other occupation is going to be in the same boat and maybe you attack them then, piece by piece.”

White House budget aims to boost federal employee pay, training


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“Two Americans were awarded the Nobel economics prize on Monday for studies on the match-making taking place when doctors are coupled up with hospitals, students with schools and human organs with transplant recipients.

The work of Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley has sparked a “flourishing field of research” and helped improve the performance of many markets, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said.

Roth, 60, is a professor at Harvard University in Boston. Shapley, 89, is a professor emeritus at University of California Los Angeles.” Business Week

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Chuck Grimmett
Chuck Grimmett

Chuck Grimmett is a project manager at eResources. Previously, he was FEE's director of web media. Get in touch with him on Twitter: @cagrimmett.