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Human development, reproductive system, human: pregnancy and fetal development, four to nine months [Credit: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]reproductive system, human: pregnancy and fetal development, four to nine monthsEncyclopædia Britannica, Inc.the process of growth and change that takes place between birth and maturity.

Human growth is far from being a simple and uniform process of becoming taller or larger. As a child gets bigger, there are changes in shape and in tissue composition and distribution. In the newborn infant the head represents about a quarter of the total length; in the adult it represents about one-seventh. In the newborn infant the muscles constitute a much smaller percentage of the total body mass than in the young adult. In most tissues, growth consists both of the formation of new cells and the packing in of more protein or other material into cells already present; early in development cell division predominates and later cell filling.

Types and rates of human growth

Different tissues and different regions of the body mature at different rates, and the growth and development of a child consists of a highly complex series of changes. It is like the weaving of a cloth whose pattern never repeats itself. The underlying threads, each coming off its reel at its own rhythm, interact with one another continuously, in a manner always highly regulated and controlled. The fundamental questions of growth relate to these processes of regulation, to the program that controls the loom, a subject as yet little understood. Meanwhile, height is in most circumstances the best single index of growth, being a measure of a single tissue (that of the skeleton; weight is a mixture of all tissues, and this makes it a less useful parameter in a long-term following of a child’s growth). In this section, the height curves of girls and boys are considered in the three chief phases of growth; that is (briefly) from conception to birth, from birth until puberty, and during puberty. Also described are the ways in which other organs and tissues, such as fat, lymphoid tissue, and the brain, differ from height in their growth curves. There is a brief discussion of some of the problems that beset the investigator in gathering and analyzing data about growth of children, of the genetic and environmental factors that affect rate of growth and final size, and of the way hormones act at the various phases of the growth process. Lastly, there is a brief look at disorders of growth. Throughout, the emphasis is on ways in which individuals differ in their rates of growth and development.

The changes in height of the developing child can be thought of in two different ways: the height attained at successive ages and the increments in height from one age to the next, expressed as rate of growth per year. If growth is thought of as a form of motion, the height attained at successive ages can be considered the distance travelled, and the rate of growth, the velocity. The velocity or rate of growth reflects the child’s state at any particular time better than does the height attained, which depends largely on how much the child has grown in all preceding years. The blood and tissue concentrations of those substances whose amounts change with age are thus more likely to run parallel to the velocity rather than to the distance curve. In some circumstances, indeed, it is the acceleration rather than the velocity curve that best reflects physiological events.

In general, the velocity of growth decreases from birth onward (and actually from as early as the fourth month of fetal life; see below), but this decrease is interrupted shortly before the end of the growth period. At this time, in boys from about 13 to 15 years, there is marked acceleration of growth, called the adolescent growth spurt. From birth until age four or five, the rate of growth in height declines rapidly, and then the decline, or deceleration, gets gradually less, so that in some children the velocity is practically constant from five or six up to the beginning of the adolescent spurt. A slight increase in velocity is sometimes said to occur between about six and eight years.

This general velocity curve of growth in height begins a considerable time before birth. The peak velocity of length is reached at about four months after the mother’s last menstruation. (Age in the fetal period is usually reckoned from the first day of the last menstrual period, an average of two weeks before actual fertilization, but, as a rule, the only locatable landmark.)

Growth in weight of the fetus follows the same general pattern as growth in length, except that the peak velocity is reached much later, at approximately 34 weeks after the mother’s last menstrual period.

There is considerable evidence that from about 34 to 36 weeks onward the rate of growth of the fetus slows down because of the influence of the maternal uterus, whose available space is by then becoming fully occupied. Twins slow down earlier, when their combined weight is approximately the 36-week weight of a single fetus. Babies who are held back in this way grow rapidly as soon as they have emerged from the uterus. Thus there is a significant negative association between weight of a baby at birth and weight increment during the first year; in general, larger babies grow less, the smaller more. For the same reason there is practically no relation between adult size and the size of that person at birth, but a considerable relation has developed by the time the person is two years old. This slowing-down mechanism enables a genetically large child developing in the uterus of a small mother to be delivered successfully. It operates in many species of animals; the most dramatic demonstration was by crossing reciprocally a large Shire horse and a small Shetland pony. The pair in which the mother was a Shire had a large newborn foal, and the pair in which the mother was Shetland had a small foal. But both foals were the same size after a few months, and when fully grown both were about halfway between their parents. The same has been shown in cattle crosses.

Poor environmental circumstances, especially of nutrition, result in lowered birth weight in the human being. This seems chiefly to be caused by a reduced rate of growth in the last two to four weeks of fetal life, for weights of babies born in 36 or 38 weeks in various parts of the world in various circumstances are said to be similar. Mothers who, because of adverse circumstances in their own childhood, have not achieved their full growth potential may produce smaller fetuses than they would have, had they grown up in better circumstances. Thus two generations or even more may be needed to undo the effect of poor environmental circumstances on birth weight.

The great rate of growth of the fetus compared with that of the child is largely due to the fact that cells are still multiplying. The proportion of cells undergoing mitosis (the ordinary process of cell multiplication by splitting) in any tissue becomes progressively less as the fetus gets older, and it is generally thought that few if any new nerve cells (apart from the cells in the supporting tissue, or neuroglia) and only a limited proportion of new muscle cells appear after six postmenstrual months, the time when the velocity in linear dimensions is dropping sharply.

The muscle and nerve cells of the fetus are considerably different in appearance from those of the child or adult. Both have little cytoplasm (cell substance) around the nucleus. In the muscle there is a great amount of intercellular substance and a much higher proportion of water than in mature muscle. The later fetal and the postnatal growth of the muscle consists chiefly of building up the cytoplasm of the muscle cells; salts are incorporated and the contractile proteins formed. The cells become bigger, the intercellular substance largely disappears, and the concentration of water decreases. This process continues quite actively up to about three years of age and slowly thereafter; at adolescence it briefly speeds up again, particularly in boys, under the influence of androgenic (male sex) hormones. In the nerve cells cytoplasm is added and elaborated, and extensions grow that carry impulses from and to the cells—the axons and dendrites, respectively. Thus postnatal growth, for at least some tissues, is chiefly a period of development and enlargement of existing cells, while early fetal life is a period of division and addition of new cells.

Types of growth data

human development: height curves [Credit: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]human development: height curvesEncyclopædia Britannica, Inc.Growth is in general a regular process. Contrary to what is said in some of the older textbooks, growth in height does not proceed by fits and starts, nor does growth in upward dimensions alternate with growth in transverse ones. The more carefully measurements are taken, with precautions, for example, to minimize the decrease in height that occurs during the day for postural reasons, the more regular does the succession of points in a graph of growth become. Many attempts have been made at finding mathematical curves that fit, and thus summarize, human growth data. What is needed is a curve or curves with relatively few constants, each capable of being interpreted in a biologically meaningful way. Yet the fit to empirical data must be adequate within the limits of measuring error. The problem is difficult, partly because the measurements usually taken are themselves biologically complex. Stature, for example, consists of leg length and trunk length and head height, all of which have rather different growth curves. Even with relatively homogeneous dimensions such as the length of the radius bone in the forearm, or width of an arm muscle, it is not clear what purely biological assumptions should be made as the basis for the form of the curve. The assumption that cells are continuously dividing leads to a different formulation from the assumption that cells are adding constant amounts of nondividing material or amounts of nondividing material at rates varying from one age period to another.

Fitting a curve to the individual values, however, is the only way of extracting the maximum information from an individual’s measurement data. More than one curve is needed to fit the postnatal age range. It seems that two curves may suffice, at least for many measurements such as height and weight—one curve for the period from a few months after birth to the beginning of adolescence and a different type of curve for the adolescent spurt.

Such curves have to be fitted to data on single individuals. Yearly averages derived from different children each measured only once do not, in general, give the same curve. Thus the distinction between the two sorts of investigation is important. When the same child at each age is used, the study is called longitudinal; when different children at each age are used, it is called cross-sectional. In a cross-sectional study all of the children at age eight, for example, are different from those at age seven. A study may be longitudinal over any number of years; there are short-term longitudinal studies extending from age four to six, for instance, and full birth-to-maturity longitudinal studies in which the children may be examined once, twice, or more times every year from birth until 20 or over. Mixed longitudinal studies are those in which children join and leave the group studied at varying intervals. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have their uses, but they do not give the same information, and the same statistical methods cannot be used for the two types of study. Cross-sectional surveys are obviously cheaper and more quickly done and can include much larger numbers of children. Periodic cross-sectional surveys are valuable in assessing the nutritional progress of a country or a socioeconomic group and the health of the child population as a whole. But they never reveal individual differences in rate of growth or in the timing of particular phases such as the adolescent growth spurt. It is these individual rate differences that throw light on the genetic control of growth and on the correlation of growth with psychological development, educational achievement, and social behaviour.

Longitudinal studies are laborious and time-consuming; they demand great perseverance on the part of those who make them and those who take part in them; and they demand high technical standards, since in the calculation of a growth increment from one occasion to the next opportunities for two errors of measurement occur. In spite of these problems, longitudinal studies are the indispensable base on which the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of growth rest, for the clinical approach is a longitudinal one; and each child treated with human growth hormone, or with other hormones that affect growth, represents an attempt to alter an individual pattern of growth velocity.

Averages simply computed from cross-sectional data inevitably produce velocity curves that are flatter and broader than the curve for an individual and hence not a proper basis for clinical standards. It is possible to construct curves, however, whose 50th percentile (or average) represents the actual growth of a typical individual, by taking the shape of the curve from individual longitudinal data and the absolute values for the beginning and end from large cross-sectional surveys. Graphs were plotted showing height-attained and height-velocity curves for the “typical” boy and girl in Britain in 1965, determined in this way. By “typical” is meant that boy or girl who has the mean (average) birth length, grows always at the mean velocity, has the peak of the adolescent growth spurt at the mean age, and finally reaches the mean adult height at the mean age of cessation of growth. Practically no individual follows the 50th percentile curve, but most have curves of the same shape. Standards for height for clinical use are constructed around these curves.

Boys’ and girls’ height curves

The graphs mentioned above also show the height curves from birth to maturity. Up to age two, the child was measured lying on his back. One examiner held his head in contact with a fixed board, and a second person stretched him out to his maximum length and then brought a moving board into contact with his heels. This measurement, called supine length, averages about one centimetre more than the measurement of standing height taken on the same child, hence the break in the line of the curve at age two. This occurs even when, as in the best techniques, the child is urged to stretch upwards to the full and is aided in doing so by a measurer’s applying gentle upward pressure to his mastoid processes.

The typical girl is slightly shorter than the typical boy at all ages until adolescence. She becomes taller shortly after age 11 because her adolescent spurt takes place two years earlier than the boy’s. At age 14 she is surpassed again in height by the typical boy, whose adolescent spurt has now started, while hers is nearly finished. In the same way, the typical girl weighs a little less than the boy at birth, equals him at age eight, becomes heavier at age nine or 10, and remains so until about age 141/2.

At birth the typical boy is growing slightly faster than the typical girl, but the velocities become equal at about seven months, and then the girl grows faster until four years. From then until adolescence no differences in velocity can be detected. The sex difference is best thought of, perhaps, in terms of acceleration, the boy decelerating harder than the girl over the first four years.

Different tissues and parts of the body

The majority of skeletal and muscular dimensions follow approximately the growth curve described for height, and so also do the dimensions of the internal organs such as the liver, the spleen, and the kidneys. But some exceptions exist, most notably the brain and skull, the reproductive organs, the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils, adenoids, and intestines, and the subcutaneous fat.

The size attained by various tissues can be given as a percentage of the birth-to-maturity increment. Height follows the “general” curve. The reproductive organs, internal and external, have a slow prepubescent growth, followed by a large adolescent spurt; they are less sensitive than the skeleton to one set of hormones and more sensitive to another.

The brain, together with the skull covering it and the eyes and ears, develops earlier than any other part of the body and thus has a characteristic postnatal curve. At birth it is already 25 percent of its adult weight, at age five about 90 percent, and at age 10 about 95 percent. Thus if the brain has any adolescent spurt at all, it is a small one. A small but definite spurt occurs in head length and breadth, but all or most of this is due to thickening of the skull bones and the scalp, together with development of the air sinuses.

The dimensions of the face follow a path somewhat closer to the general curve. There is a considerable adolescent spurt, especially in the lower jaw, or mandible, resulting in the jaw’s becoming longer and more projecting, the profile straighter, and the chin more pointed. As always in growth, there are considerable individual differences, to the point that a few children have no detectable spurt at all in some face measurements.

The eye probably has a slight adolescent spurt, which is probably responsible for the increase in frequency of short-sightedness in children that occurs at the time of puberty. Though the degree of myopia increases continuously from at least age six to maturity, a particularly rapid rate of change occurs at about 11 to 12 in girls and 13 to 14 in boys, and this would be expected if there was a rather greater spurt in the axial dimension (the dimension from front to back) of the eye than in its vertical dimension.

The lymphoid tissue has quite a different growth curve from the rest. It reaches its maximum amount before adolescence and then, probably under the direct influence of sex hormones, declines to its adult value.

The subcutaneous fat layer also has a curve of its own, of a slightly complicated sort. Its thickness can be measured either by X rays or, more simply, at certain sites in the body, by picking up a fold of skin and fat between the thumb and forefinger and measuring its thickness with a special, constant-pressure caliper. Subcutaneous fat begins to be laid down in the fetus at about 34 weeks postmenstrual age, increases from then until birth and from birth onward until about nine months. (This is in the average child; the peak may be reached as early as six months or as late as 12 or 15.) After nine months, when the velocity of fat gain is zero, the fat usually decreases (that is, it has a negative velocity) until age six to eight, when it begins to increase once more. Girls have a little more fat than boys at birth, and the difference becomes more marked during the period of loss, since girls lose less than boys. Graphs of the amounts of subcutaneous fat on males and females from birth to 16 years revealed that from eight years on, the curves for girls and boys diverge more radically, as do the curves for limb and body fat. At adolescence the limb fat in boys decreases, while the body fat shows a temporary slowing down of gain but no actual loss. In girls there is a slight halting of the limb-fat gain at adolescence, but no loss; the trunk fat shows only a steady rise until adolescence.

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Solution, salt [Credit: Adapted from J.E. Sherwood, F. Stagnitti, M.J. Kokkinn, and W.D. Williams, “A Standard Table for Predicting Equilibrium Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in Salt Lakes Dominated by Sodium Chloride,” International Journal of Salt Lake Research, 1:1–16]saltAdapted from J.E. Sherwood, F. Stagnitti, M.J. Kokkinn, and W.D. Williams, “A Standard Table for Predicting Equilibrium Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in Salt Lakes Dominated by Sodium Chloride,” International Journal of Salt Lake Research, 1:1–16in chemistry, homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is commonly applied to the liquid state of matter, but solutions of gases and solids are possible. Air, for example, is a solution consisting chiefly of oxygen and nitrogen with trace amounts of several other gases, and brass is a solution composed of copper and zinc.

A brief treatment of solutions follows. For full treatment, see liquid: Solutions and solubilities.

Life processes depend in large part on solutions. Oxygen from the lungs goes into solution in the blood plasma, unites chemically with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, and is released to the body tissues. The products of digestion also are carried in solution to the different parts of the body. The ability of liquids to dissolve other fluids or solids has many practical applications. Chemists take advantage of differences in solubility to separate and purify materials and to carry out chemical analysis. Most chemical reactions occur in solution and are influenced by the solubilities of the reagents. Materials for chemical manufacturing equipment are selected to resist the solvent action of their contents.

The liquid in a solution is customarily designated the solvent, and the substance added is called the solute. If both components are liquids, the distinction loses significance; the one present in smaller concentration is likely to be called the solute. The concentration of any component in a solution may be expressed in units of weight or volume or in moles. These may be mixed—e.g., moles per litre and moles per kilogram.

Crystals of some salts contain lattices of ions—i.e., atoms or groups of atoms with alternating positive and negative charges. When such a crystal is to be dissolved, the attraction of the oppositely charged ions, which are largely responsible for cohesion in the crystal, must be overcome by electric charges in the solvent. These may be provided by the ions of a fused salt or by electric dipoles in the molecules of the solvent. Such solvents include water, methyl alcohol, liquid ammonia, and hydrogen fluoride. The ions of the solute, surrounded by dipolar molecules of the solvent, are detached from each other and are free to migrate to charged electrodes. Such a solution can conduct electricity, and the solute is called an electrolyte.

The potential energy of attraction between simple, nonpolar molecules (nonelectrolytes) is of very short range; it decreases approximately as the seventh power of the distance between them. For electrolytes the energy of attraction and repulsion of charged ions drops only as the first power of the distance. Accordingly, their solutions have very different properties from those of nonelectrolytes.

It is generally presumed that all gases are completely miscible (mutually soluble in all proportions), but this is true only at normal pressures. At high pressures, pairs of chemically dissimilar gases may very well exhibit only limited miscibility. Many different metals are miscible in the liquid state, occasionally forming recognizable compounds. Some are sufficiently alike to form solid solutions (see alloy).

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British Mini Club

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Monday, 25 June 2012 11:27

The Sun Takes The Italian Job To Rome

The UK's most popular daily newspaper The Sun recently went to Rome in Italy in preparation for the massive England vs Italy Euro 2012 Quarter Final game. Goodness know what the Italians thought to see three Classic Minis creating havoc around the Trevi Fountain and the Coliseum. Red, White and Blue Mini Coopers with the St George Cross on the roof re-enacting the Italian Job, Classic stuff and all good fun. The Sun have a reputation for pulling stunts in countries England are playing and this tops the lot.

Interestingly enough all the Minis were Italian registered including an Innocennti, how rare is that!! Fantastic to see and Dan Sales who penned the article said " We even had the nerve to drape a flag over Julius Ceaser, who had the nerve to invade us 2000 years ago!!"

All Images are by kind permission and  Courtesy of The Sun The full article can be read here:

But first check out the video and scroll down to some amazing images of the Italian Job and The Sun winding up the Italians.. all in good nauture of course and Italy did beat England on penalties 4-2!!

We are of course the 'British' Mini Club and if you see any events like this involving the Mini or MINI related to the British isles then please let us know and we will try and feature them on our website.

Many thanks to The Sun for allowing us to display the images below and responding so quickly to our request.

Published in Mini News
Tuesday, 12 June 2012 14:55

The Britalian Job - Official!!

Hand on lads MINI has an idea!!! They've only gone and paid homage to a movie classic we all know and love, The Italian Job!! Called The Britalian Job,, Clever that!

Starring three red, white and blue London limited edition MINI's and featuring the legendary gold medal winner Daley 'The Guvnor' Thompson.

Directed by Phil Churchwood the lead director on BBC's Top Gear features a chase late at night across London late at night with an Italian Job feel towards the Olympic Stadium and East London.

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Featuring: Jodie Kidd, Daley Thompson, James Cracknell, Jonathan Edwards, Matthew Pinsent.

Now enjoy the making of The Britalian Job:

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Published in Mini News
Friday, 08 June 2012 22:42

Italian Job Event on Facebook

Here at the British Mini Club we have always supported Frederick St George and the amazing Italian Job Event he has organised for the past 22 years and it is still going strong. Who can't resist a drive across Europe to Turin and back to raise money for childrens charities. To date over £2 million has been raised, which is incredible.

They now have a Facebook page and we really want to help them get to 1000+ 'Likes' as soon as possible.

Find them here and give the guys a 'LIke' today

The Italian Job event takes up to 100 MInis, Classic and New over some of the most spectacular scenery in Europe for anyone who shares a passion for the Mini or any of the classic cars featured in the Michael Caine film The Italian Job. The modern version of the Self Preservation Society

Check out the Facebook Page for the latest news and how to become part of the Italian Job event

Published in Mini News
Monday, 09 January 2012 18:55

Bollywood remake the Italian Job!!

The MINI is launched in India and in 'response' Bollywood does a remake of the greatest film ever made... The Italian Job!! To be fair 'Players' is a remake of the 2nd version of the film from 2003, but it does include 3 classic Minis.

Players is an upcoming movie starring Abhishek Bachchan, Sonam Kapoor, Bipasha Basu, Neil Nitin Mukesh, Bobby Deol, Sikander Kher and Omi Vaidya. The film is an official remake of the Hollywood blockuster and directed by Abbas Mustan.

Check out the trailer below:

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See the fantastic website for the film for more details

Published in Mini News
Monday, 05 September 2011 14:27

Official Italian job Minis in the Daily Mail

Details of the Official Italian Job Mins appearing at Mini Fest on Sunday 4th September have appeared in the Daily Mail.. how cool is that. Owned by club member David Morton they looked fantatstic as they drove into the arena.

Check out the article to see what the Daily Mail thought :

Published in Events
Friday, 19 August 2011 14:52

Win an Italian Job Mini at Mini Fest 2011

To celebrate the unveiling of the only officially recognised Italian Job Classic Minis by Paramount the British Mini Club will be raffling off a superb Classic Mini Italian Job Mini Special Edition at Mini Fest on September 4th at Uttoxeter Racecourse in Staffordshire for just £1.00

The British Mini Clubs raffle Minis are legendary and are always top class, normally low mileage and only 1 or 2 owners. To date we have raffled an over an incredible 50 Minis. Some have been customised by the winners, other have been won by teenagers as their first cars. What a first car to use and for free as well.

Our Club and show sponsors Footman James kindly provide the winner with an incredible £250 towards insurance.

How do you win this amazing Italian Job Mini? Simple tickets are £1.00 each and only available on the day. Plus you need to be on site to claim your prize.... Why?? We draw the winning ticket at around 4pm on the day after prize giving and the lucky winner has 1 minute.. Yep 1 minute.. Harsh we know but it works!! to claim their prize from the man on the mic. Don't make it in that minute then it will be drawn again... and believe us it is happened where a winner has failed to get to us in a minute..

Win a Mini worth around £3000  at Mini Fest for £1.00 Dont m iss out you need to at Mini Fest for this amazing prize

Published in Events

Footman James Insurance            Classified Ads       Event Signup. Click here


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Zachary Unger

Zachary Unger

Claim to fame

Zachary Unger made his New York stage debut playing Frank Jr. in the New York City Center Encores! production of Merrily We Roll Along. Soon afterward, he made his Broadway debut in Chaplin, taking on the dual role of Young Charlie and Jackie Coogan. Unger returns to the Great White Way in Big Fish. His film and television credits include Dora the Explorer, Tar and Admission.

Norbert Leo Butz, Kate Baldwin & Bobby Steggert Kick Up Their Heels on the Enchanting Opening Night of Big Fish

The larger-than-life cast of Big Fish had a great reason to celebrate on October 6: the new musical officially opened on Broadway! See what Norbert Leo Butz and the stars had to say on their big night.

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SEINFELD'S Steve Hytner Set for THEATRE CHAT, 10/23

Tune in this Wednesday, October 23, 2013 at 12:35 PM (ET) to join in the celebration with "Mr. Showbusiness" on Jimmy Ferraro's THEATRE CHAT AND THIS 'N THAT, broadcasting live on WWJB -- regionally and nationally on the world wide web: This week's guest is TV, film, and stand-up star Steve Hytner.

STEVE HYTNER received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Kenny Bania on the long-running television hit "Seinfeld." He has made an indelible impression on both the large and small screens.

"Recently on the HBO hit series "Hung," he plays a motivational workshop instructor. He's brought his unique talents to more than 25 films, starred as a series regular on seven TV shows and guested repeatedly on more than 50 others. Combined with his stand-up comedy career, commercial campaigns and appearances, Steve is one of America's most recognized character actors.

He started his feature career in the film "Ski Patrol" and went on to star in such films as "In The Line of Fire" with Clint Eastwood, "Forces of Nature," with Ben Affleck and Sandra Bullock, "The Marrying Man"with Alec Baldwin, "Eurotrip," "Love Stinks," and "Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle" to name a few.

Hytner, also appeared as a regular in The 100 Lives of Black Jack Savage, Hardball, andWorking, in several episodes of Roswell, and also in episodes of Mike and Molly, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Friends, King of Queens, Boston Legal, Pushing Daisies, Two and a Half Men, Dharma and Greg, The X-Files, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman,That's So Raven, George Lopez and The Bill Engvall Show and many, many more.

He also appeared in The Adventures of Buzz Lightyear of Star Command in 2000 as Ty Parsec (Wirewolf and Revenge of The Monsters.)

Steve appeared in the Disney Channel Original Series, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody as Herman Spatz. He most recently appeared in Good Luck Charlie as "Marvin" the bellman and in Sonny with a Chance as "Murphy" the troublesome security guard.

Steve has also appeared in the 2006 comedy film Bachelor Party Vegas and the 1995 horror film The Prophecy.

In 2012, he was the Camp Superior counselor in the comedy film Fred 3: Camp Fred.

In 2009, Hytner reprised his role as Kenny Bania on the fictional Seinfeld reunion table read in Curb Your Enthusiasm.

THEATER CHAT broadcasts LIVE every Wednesday, 12:35 -1:30 PM Eastern from WWJB in beautiful, downtown, Brooksville, Florida: a small southern town, with a big appetite for the arts! AM 1450 and FM 103.9 and NATIONALLY online at:

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HBO Apparently Now Wants 10 Seasons Of ‘Game Of Thrones’ Which … Checks Common Sense, Is A Terrible Idea

By 03.13.15

HBO’s spectacular show, Game of Thrones, is about to kick off its fifth season. The previous season was universally lauded as one of its best and the previous three have garnered tremendous praise.

As of right now, showrunners D.B. Weiss and David Benioff have been pretty consistently clear that they’d like the show to end in seven seasons.

But it sounds like HBO wouldn’t be quite content with letting its most popular show ever just up and stop. Not when it could be making scads and scads and scads more money. From Entertainment Weekly:

“This is the hard part of what we do,” sighs HBO programming president Michael Lombardo. “We started this journey with David and Dan. It’s their vision. Would I love the show to go 10 years as both a fan and a network executive? Absolutely.”

Of course, while more Thrones is awesome, I think we’d all much rather have it stop in 2017, instead of having to wait all the way to 2020. Could you imagine that? Not knowing what will become of Jon and Daernarys until the next decade? Hell no. And would they have to push back the arrival of Winter? I’m getting fucking tired of waiting for it already. It’s been four years.

Also, how will Maisie Williams continue to play Arya if that’s the case? She’ll be 45 be then (not precisely).

Still, it sounds like the showrunners have all the power here. As they should, because for as good as this show has been, it doesn’t take much difficulty to see where it could go stale. Looking at you again, Winter. Just come already.

So if the producers prefer seven seasons and HBO prefers more, what happens? A conversation. Perhaps more than one. Like amicable spouses who avoid a sensitive area of disagreement, this issue is something HBO and the showrunners haven’t discussed thus far (“So about season seven–” / “Hey look, a dragon!”). “We’ll have an honest conversation that explores all possible avenues,” Lombardo says. “If they weren’t comfortable going beyond seven seasons, I trust them implicitly and trust that’s the right decision—as horrifying as that is to me. What I’m not going to do is have a show continue past where the creators believe where they feel they’ve finished with the story.”

Meanwhile, George RR Martin best get to writing, unless he wants everyone to know the ending before he publishes the last two books. Sales might plummet.

Actually, that’s already gonna be the case. Dude is a plodding novelist.

David Covucci
About David Covucci... David Covucci is writer and blogger for BroBible dot com. He loves Twitter and whiskey. He can be reached at
TAGSGame of ThronesGeorge RR MartinHBO

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Joining the Boston Tea Party (Hardcover)

By Diane Stanley, Holly Berry (Illustrator)
Special Order (unlikely to be available)

Liz, Lenny, and Grandma are back for another time-traveling adventure. With the Fourth of July fast approaching, there's only one thing for them to do ...

Join the Boston Tea Party!

With the help of Grandma's magic hat, the twins journey back to Boston in 1773. From powdered wigs and petticoats to Indian pudding and chamber pots, Liz and Lenny get a firsthand look at life in colonial America. But best of all they actually join the "Mohawks" as they dump tea into Boston Harbor and help begin the American Revolution.

Diane Stanley once again blends humor and historical detail in this exciting second installment of the Time-Traveling Twins series. Featuring word balloons packed with comedy and lots of information, and Holly Berry's inviting illustrations, this book will make readers jump at the chance to join the twins as they learn about history by living it!

About the Author

Diane Stanley is the author and illustrator of beloved books for young readers, including The Silver Bowl, which received three starred reviews; Saving Sky, winner of the Arab American Museum's Arab American Award and a Bank Street College of Education Best Book of the Year; Bella at Midnight, a School Library Journal Best Book of the Year and an ALA Booklist Editors' Choice; The Mysterious Case of the Allbright Academy; The Mysterious Matter of I. M. Fine; and A Time Apart. Well known as the author and illustrator of award-winning picture-book biographies, she is the recipient of the Orbis Pictus Award for Outstanding Nonfiction for Children and the Washington Post-Children's Book Guild Nonfiction Award for the body of her work.

Ms. Stanley has also written and illustrated numerous picture books, including three creatively reimagined fairy tales: The Giant and the Beanstalk, Goldie and the Three Bears, and Rumpelstiltskin's Daughter. She lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Praise For…

“Young readers will enjoy...[this] informative introduction to an important chapter in American history.”
-School Library Journal

“A great introduction [to American history], and an inspiration for further reading and research.”

Product Details
ISBN: 9780060270674
Publisher: HarperCollins
Publication Date: August 1st, 2001
Pages: 48


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Posted in interviews | metal | movies | music on April 14, 2011

by BBG

David Hall

David Hall might need therapy. The film & music video director's eerie cine-scapes have provided the backdrop for some metal underground favorites like Today Is The Day, Fuck The Facts, and Jucifer. Hall and his Handshake Inc production company are also responsible for Maryland Deathfest The Movie, the 2010 feature-length documentary that follows the mayhem that is the annual festival. The first film was released last year on DVD and now with volume two currently up for preorder, I sat down with Hall to discuss his experiences at MDF, his inspiration, and his wishlist of miscreant collaborators.

Read the full interview, and an exclusive clip of From Ashes Rise from MDF 2010, as featured in Maryland Deathfest The Movie II, below...

MDF 2010

With such a wide selection of bands to work with at MDF, how is a band that you shoot chosen or not chosen?

It all comes down to cash and drugs. If a band can slip me a few benjamins and some Xanax we're all good.

Really though, we try and film every band. I think it's safe to say if a band is playing MDF they are worth filming. Usually around January, Ryan, Evan (MDF promoters) and I make up a list of bands we for sure want to film, then I try and get permission in advance. MDF also usually features bands that have reunited, or are playing in the USA for the first time or haven't played in a long time, so those kind of historical events must be captured. Also, if a band asks to not be filmed then we respect that and chill on that shit.

From Ashes Rise LIVE from MDF The Movie II

What was your favorite performance from MDF last year and why?

It was amazing seeing Jucifer at MDF because they were a bit of a 'wild card' going in, i.e., they're not a traditional 'metal' band and I think some people were a bit unsure about them playing...but their set was epic and loud as fuck and I think they won some new fans over.

Sulaco, Fuck the Facts, Eyehategod and Total Fucking Destruction were also super cool and dudeworthy.

What about heavy music in particular intrigues you? Do you see yourself doing video for bands where guitar isnt the primary focus?

Dude, I am dying to do a rap, hip-hop or any sort of electronic music video. If I could do a video for R Kelly or Die Antwoord or Dizzee Rascal that would be amazing.

I think 'heavy' music is like rap...there's a lot of garbage and you have to wade through it to get to the amazing stuff. Heavy and extreme music (though I think this is true of any music worth listening to) is very emotional and real and it kicks the shit out of the formulaic and tired bullshit that passes as 'popular' - there's just something about extreme stuff that feels right and true to me.

"Maryland Deathfest: The Movie" Official Trailer

Visually, what are some of the music videos that inspired you? Any specific music video directors?

Godley and Crème's "Cry" is one of my favorite videos ever, Metallica's 'One' had a huge impact one me even though I could care less about the band, almost any video by Michel Gondry is worth watching, Jay Z's '99 problems' is kick-fucking-ass, and this dude Chad Rullman who's made videos for Mastodon and Neurosis and Zoroaster makes great stuff too.

You've worked with names like Today is The Day on live visuals to accompany their nightmarish sound. How much of the visuals were created with the input of TITD mastermind Steve Austin? Were you given carte blanche to interpret the music as you saw fit?

I've just made my third film for Steve and Today is the Day, for their new album, and one of the reasons I love working with Steve is he gives me total creative freedom. I purposefully don't tell him any of my ideas or show him scripts or anything because I like to try and shock and impress him by just delivering a finished film and seeing what he thinks. Artistically I think Steve and I share a fondness for going to uncomfortable places, so Steve's music indirectly inspires me to create without any limitations. For the 'Pain is a Warning' film, Steve said, "don't hold back anything...push boundaries and limits as much as possible." As an artist, that's the nicest thing anyone could ever say to you.

You've created films to accompany previously released work by TITD & Fuck The Facts. Outside of the work you've done with MDF, are there any plans to do anything similar with other artists/LPs? Who is a dream list of artists and/or LPs that you would like to give your dystopian treatment?

I'm working on a film for Jucifer right now that gives their work a similar treatment to what I've done with FTF and Today is the Day...I've filmed two of their concerts here in London, Ontario, where I live, and filmed a bunch of fictional/dramatic stuff too and aim to deliver a 6-hour freak-out film that will crush your soul and destroy your genitals.

Agoraphobic Nosebleed are a band I really want to do a full length film for, same with Bastard Noise. I am also DYING to make a film for Electric Wizard and Portishead.

In terms of LPs I'd like to turn into films there are two albums that are my Holy Grails, so to speak: Roger Waters' 'Pros and Cons of Hitchhiking,' and Fantomas' first record.

TODAY IS THE DAY: The Sound of Your Smashed Head

Who are some of your favorite feature length directors?

Stanley Kubrick, Scorsese, David Lynch, John Waters, Billy Wilder, Fellini, Nick Roeg, Cohen Brothers, Ingmar Bergman, Pasolini, John Hughes and Charlie Kaufman. Seriously, you don't need anyone else.

Comments (2)

DSM-V is coming out soon. GET STOKED

Posted by Anonymous | April 14, 2011 4:27 PM

Posted by Anonymous | April 15, 2011 9:25 AM

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Entries tagged with: Bloody Gears

2 result(s) displayed (1 - 2 of 2):

"Oh hey, just me and Britt Daniel, checking out Pissed Jeans and Eddy Current Suppression Ring at Death By Audio. Whatevs. #itshotinhere" - rachelcperry

photos by Diana Wong

Eddy Current Suppression Ring...
Eddy Current Suppression Ring

Eddy Current Suppression Ring and Pissed Jeans played two shows in NYC over the weekend. The first of those sweaty shows was Friday night (6/18) at the Cake Shop with Home Blitz and Bloody Gears. The pictures here are from that hot and sweaty gig. The second was the next night at Death By Audio which is referenced in the above tweet.

More pictures and video of Pissed Jeans at Cake Shop are below...

Continue reading "Eddy Current Suppression Ring, Pissed Jeans, Home Blitz & Bloody Gears played Cake Shop - pics & video "

by BBG

DOWNLOAD: Eddy Current Supression Ring - "Anxiety" (MP3)
DOWNLOAD: Pissed Jeans - "False Jesii Part 2" (MP3)

Pissed Jeans at WFMU (more by Chloe Rice)
Pissed Jeans

Tickets are still on sale for Pissed Jeans at Knitting Factory in April and now the band have added two more NYC shows in June, both of which are opening slots for Australian punks Eddy Current Suppression Ring:

If you were looking for a day job that would reinforce the credibility of your garage punk band, you could hardly do better than to follow the example of Eddy Current Suppression Ring -- the four members of the group met when they were working at a vinyl pressing plant in Ormond, Victoria, Australia. Inspired by hard-edged, primitive rock in the manner of the Troggs, the Pagans. and X (the Aussie band, not the California punks of the same name), Eddy Current Suppression Ring got its start in late 2003 [and] ...after lots of local gigging and a handful of 7"s and EPs, the band issued their self-titled debut LP on Dropkick Records in 2006. ...The group formed their own label, Aarght Records, to release their second full-length album, 2008's Primary Colours. The album became an unexpected crossover success, rising to number six on the Australian charts and earning ECSR a nomination for Best Rock Album of 2008 at the Australian Music Industry Awards.
ECSR and PJ will play Cake Shop (!) on 6/18 with Home Blitz and Bloody Gears (advance ticket sale info is on the way) and then do it again the next night (6/19) at Market Hotel with Population 1280. Both shows are part of the ongoing Hardcore Gig Volume series.

ECSR is readying a new 7" for Mexican Summer, "Wet Cement" b/w "Hey Mum" + "Through The Trees", due this week. In addition, the band rill release Rush To Relax on Goner in March, dig on one of those tracks, "anxiety", above.

Dig on full ECSR and Pissed Jeans dates, as well as a few videos, below.

Continue reading "Eddy Current Suppression Ring (Goner/Mexican Summer) touring, playing 2 NYC shows w/ Pissed Jeans (dates) "