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Wilms TumorTumor de Wilms

Wilms Tumor

What is Wilms tumor?

Wilms tumor, also called nephroblastoma, is a cancerous tumor that starts in the cells of the kidney. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in children and accounts for about 5% of all childhood cancers.

Approximately 500 children in the U.S. are diagnosed with Wilms tumor each year.

The disease can occur at any age between infancy and 15 years, but in most cases, the tumor is found by the age of 3 or 4. It is slightly more common among girls and African-Americans.

The tumor can be very large before it's noticed and it may spread metastasize to other body tissues. The most common site for Wilms tumor to spread to is the lungs, but it may also spread to the liver, the other kidney, the brain, and/or bones. In approximately 5% of children with Wilms tumor, both kidneys are involved.

What causes Wilms tumor?

It is uncommon for Wilms tumor to run in families. Only 1% to 2% of cases will have an affected relative. Most cases of Wilms tumor occur by chance with no clear cause and are the result of genetic defects that affect cell growth in the kidney. These defects generally show up after birth, but, in some cases, children are born with a genetic defect that predisposes them to cancer.

A small percentage of patients with Wilms tumor have  genetic syndromes, including the following:

  • WAGR syndrome. The acronym WAGR stands for the 4 diseases present in WAGR syndrome: Wilms tumor, aniridia (absence of the iris, the colored part of the eye), genitourinary malformations (defect of the kidneys, urinary tract, penis, scrotum, clitoris, testicles, or ovaries), and intellectual disability. This syndrome is caused by a loss or a turning off of a tumor suppressor gene called WT1 on chromosome 11. Tumor suppressor genes usually suppress the growth of tumors and control cell growth. When altered, they no longer control cell growth, and tumors may form.

  • Denys-Drash syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by kidney failure when the child is very young, genitourinary malformations, and abnormal development of the reproductive organs.

  • Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by large birthweight and a large liver, spleen, and tongue; low blood sugar right after birth, defects around the ear, uneven growth of the body, abdominal wall defects near the navel , and tumors of the liver and adrenal glands. This is thought to be caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 11. Oncogenes control cell growth, but, if mutated, uncontrolled cell growth may result.

What are the symptoms of Wilms tumor?

The following are the most common symptoms of Wilms tumor. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

  • A nontender mass, or lump, felt or seen in the belly

  • Swelling of the belly

  • Blood in the urine

  • Pain in the abdomen from pressure on other organs near the tumor

  • Decreased appetite

  • Weakness or tiredness

  • Nausea

  • Constipation

  • Fever

  • High blood pressure

If a tumor is suspected in the child's belly, it is important not to apply pressure to this area. Careful bathing and handling of the child is necessary before and during any tumor evaluation. Rupture of the tumor may lead to cancer cells spreading to other tissues in the body.

These symptoms of Wilms tumor may resemble other medical conditions or serious illnesses. Always see your health care provider as soon as possible for a diagnosis.

How is Wilms tumor diagnosed?

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Abdominal ultrasound. A diagnostic imaging technique that uses high- frequency sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues and organs; can provide an outline of the kidneys, the tumor, and determine if there are problems in the renal or other major veins in the abdomen. It can also determine if there are any tumors in the opposite kidney.

  • Abdominal computed tomography scan (also called a CT or CAT scan). A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce horizontal, or axial, images (often called slices) of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than X-rays.

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body. MRI can determine if there are metastases (tumors that have spread  to other parts of the body), if there are any cancer cells in the lymph nodes, and/or if any other organs are involved. (Wilms tumors can compress other organs in the area and affect how well they work.)

  • Chest X-ray. A diagnostic test that uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film. A chest X-ray can determine if there are metastases (spread) in the lungs.

  • Blood and urine tests. Tests done to evaluate kidney and liver function and get a general idea of the the child's health.

  • Biopsy. A small piece of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope. A biopsy of the tumor is done to evaluate cells, extent of disease, and make a diagnosis.

  • Surgical removal of the tumor and kidney (nephrectomy). Surgery may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis and to determine the extent of the disease.

Treatment for Wilms tumor

Specific treatment for Wilms tumor will be determined by your child's health care provider based on:

  • Your child's age, overall health, and medical history

  • Extent of the disease

  • Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

  • Expectations for the course of the disease

  • Your opinion or preference

Treatment may include (alone or in combination):

  • Surgery (to remove all or part of the affected kidney and any involved structures)

  • Biopsy of the tumor (if the tumor is too large or involved in surrounding structures to be removed; a biopsy is also necessary for diagnosis and staging the disease)

  • Chemotherapy (to shrink the remaining tumor, or to treat metastasis and/or recurrent disease)

  • Radiation (to shrink the remaining tumor or to treat metastasis and/or recurrent disease)

  • Medications (to control side effects like pain, hypertension, nausea, and infections)

  • Blood pressure monitoring

  • Continuous follow-up care (to determine response to treatment, watch for signs that the disease has come back after treatment, evaluate function of remaining kidney, and manage late effects of treatment)

Long-term outlook for Wilms tumor

The factors for determining the prognosis and long-term survival of children with Wilms tumor include the following:

  • Histology, favorable or unfavorable

  • Extent of the disease

  • Age and overall health of the child at diagnosis

  • Size of the primary tumor

  • Response to therapy

  • Your child's tolerance of specific medications, procedures, or therapies

  • New developments in treatment

As with any cancer, prognosis and long-term survival can vary greatly from child to child.

Prompt medical attention and aggressive therapy are important for the best possible outcomes. Continued follow-up care is essential for the child diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Side effects of chemotherapy and radiation, as well as second cancers, can occur in survivors of cancer. New methods are continually being discovered to improve treatment and to decrease side effects.


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Business News

Business News NEWSROOM

Hitting the Focus Button

Jan. 10, 2012

Business researchers often talk about what something looks like. Seeing how an activity occurs and discussing it helps sharpen the focus and improve the results.

Two events, one in 2010 and another this year, honed that focus to a fine point. And an ongoing program at the McBride Center for International Business continues to bring international scholars to Baylor and send Baylor scholars abroad.

The 2010 event was a five-day symposium to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Baylor University's Center for Professional Selling. It was a research symposium like no other, with teams of scholars embarking on projects advancing the field of sales education.

About 50 attendees came from around the world for the event, which alumni contributions funded. Another two dozen participants served as reviewers for research projects. Ten teams each included at least one international faculty member as well as a young scholar, a mid-career scholar and a senior researcher. During the five days, the faculty developed research questions and outlines for articles, said Jeff Tanner, associate dean of Research and Faculty Development.

The teams worked extensively after the conference. They presented working papers at a May 2011 event hosted by the Academy of Marketing Science and heard feedback after standing-room-only sessions. The symposium took months of planning and will produce years of results. Andrea Dixon, executive director of the Center for Professional Selling, began planning the symposium about a year in advance to celebrate the Center's 25th anniversary.

Tanner said several things encouraged the research. "First, you are bringing people together who develop common interests and continue to collaborate," he said. Also, because each team includes veteran scholars, younger researchers receive continued encouragement to focus. Finally, the special anniversary issue of the Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, which is publishing the works, "is likely to be influential because of the content."

Another event was this year's Transformative Consumer Research Conference (TCR), which encourages studies on "changing the world," said Brennan Davis, an assistant professor of Marketing who bid on bringing the event to Baylor. Donations allowed the university to provide food and housing for 100 attendees, which included international researchers who study how to transform the world by eliminating barriers between social change and business research.

Davis said those who follow the movement founded by David Mick of the University of Virginia challenge the ivory tower reputation of academia.

"We believe in the value of theory at a high level," Davis said. "We believe theory can be used and developed with the purpose of applying business principles to some of the world's biggest social problems."

Davis said both individuals and businesses are generous with donations for TCR, and research journals are interested in the work. "Very high level, respectable journals with plenty of content have contacted us," he said.

One of these is the Journal of Business Research. "It's not focused on social marketing or transformative marketing," Davis said. "It is interested in what we have to say to everyone, not just to smaller circles."

Twice-yearly McBride Fellowships continue to encourage international PhD students to study with professors to complete their dissertations. The program has produced more than a dozen co-authored papers either with former McBride Fellows or their dissertation supervisors. International students reciprocate by inviting Baylor faculty and PhD students to their universities.

"This collaboration has blossomed into really strong relationships," Tanner said. One TCR attendee is returning to Baylor as a McBride Fellow. Ten Fellows have gone through the program since 2005.

These activities set the agenda for research with an important international component. "We are using the conferences to develop relationships so that our research can be more global," Tanner said. "It puts a stake in the ground that we think these are important areas of research."

Visit the Baylor Business YouTube channel for videos of the Center for Professional Selling and the Transformative Consumer Research conference:

Recently published books by faculty of Baylor University's Hankamer School of Business:

James Roberts

Professor of Marketing

Ben H. Williams Professor of Marketing

Roberts, a leading researcher and expert on consumer behavior, wrote Shiny Objects: Why We Spend Money We Don't Have in Search of Happiness We Can't Buy, published by HarperOne, November 2011. Based upon the latest research on materialism and written in an easy to understand, upbeat style, with a touch of humor, Shiny Objects addresses how our obsession with possessions impacts our sense of self, the quality of our interactions with others, and our willingness to get involved in community affairs and social issues. Roberts' book helps readers examine their day-to-day behavior, offering tips and tools to change spending habits and develop smarter saving strategies. Shiny Objects reveals the key to reversing the devastating and ever-increasing effects of materialism in modern culture and explores how we can cultivate lives of real value. The book is available for purchase on and at Barnes & Noble.

Pedro Reyes

Associate Professor of Operations Management

Director, Center for Excellence in Supply Chain Management

Reyes, recognized as one of the world's foremost authorities on RFID technology, wrote RFID in the Supply Chain, published by The McGraw-Hill Companies, February 2011. The book offers insight to help companies decide whether, when and how to use RFID technology to improve supply chain management processes. Reyes includes 32 case studies of successful RFID implementation from companies like Gillette, Pro-X Pharmaceuticals and Walter Reed Army Medical Center to illustrate the range of RFID applications across industries. Along with a technical overview of RFID technology, coverage includes topics such as the advantages and limitations of RFID; RFID security and privacy concerns and solutions; improved supply chain visibility; and tracking, as well as a view of future implementations. The book is available for purchase on and at Barnes & Noble.

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Team Page

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Welcome to the Team page for the "BU11 A", member of Natick . Below you will find the Team Schedule.

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DOWNLOADABLE SCHEDULE - You can now download your team schedule to your calendar viewer (Outlook, iCal, etc.) - Click Here

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If you are looking for the playing fields for opposing teams, you would do better to use the Section Page for this team. The Section page includes the full section schedule, and links to all Team Information.


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Graduate Medical Education

Contact the GME Office

As the Western Campus of Tufts University School of Medicine we offer training in:

Strengths of Our Graduate Medical Education Programs

Baystate differentiates itself by developing innovative models of medical education that distinguish its residency and fellowship programs from those based on the traditional classroom model.

  • Our faculty — physicians experienced in community medicine and clinical research — who are dedicated to medical education
  • A collegial environment for learning and inquiry
  • First-rate resources, such as our simulation center and our interdepartmental initiatives
  • Research collaborations with our research partners, such as the University of Massachusetts Amherst, a major research university
  • Generous salary and other benefits
  • Breadth and depth of experience necessary to prepare you for a rapidly evolving healthcare field.


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Beef Wellington

Beef Wellington

Nothing says 'special occasion' quite like a traditional beef Wellington. It's pure pleasure on a plate.

For the mushroom stuffing (duxelles)

Preparation method

  1. Heat the oil and butter in a non-stick frying pan, when hot add the seasoned beef and seal on sides. Remove from the pan and allow to cool completely.

  2. To make the duxelle stuffing, in the same frying pan add the butter and when

  3. hot and foaming, add the shallots and cook until softened and golden. Add the mushrooms and cook until all the liquid evaporates.

  4. Add the cream, salt and pepper. Continue to gently heat until it has reduced to a thick purée. Set aside to cool completely.

  5. preheat the oven to 230C/450F/Gas8.

  6. Roll the pastry to fit the beef and lay two of the pancakes on top, slightly overlapping. Spread a strip of chicken liver pate across the centre of the pancakes - to the same width as the beef fillet.

  7. Make a cut about ¾ of the way through the beef into the centre of the beef fillet and fill with the cooled duxelle mix. Place the beef on to the pancakes and cover with the remaining two pancakes. Cut away the middle of the ends of the pastry. Fold over the main part of the meat and then neatly fold the ends.

  8. Brush the edges with a little water. Place seam side down on a large baking tray. Decorate the top with extra pastry if desired and then brush all over with the beaten egg.

  9. Place it in the oven for 10 minutes, then reduce the heat to 190C/375F/Gas 5 and continue to cook for another 20 minutes, until the pastry is golden.

  10. Remove from the oven to a carving board and allow to rest for 5 minutes before carving into thick slices.

Less than 30 mins preparation time

30 mins to 1 hour cooking time

Serves 8-10

Quick recipe finder

Type the ingredients you want to use, then click Go. For better results you can use quotation marks around phrases (e.g. "chicken breast"). Alternatively you can search by chef, programme, cuisine, diet, or dish (e.g. Lasagne).

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Tokelau islands shift to solar energy

  • 7 November 2012
  • From the section Asia
Solar grids at the The Tokelau Renewable Energy Project
Image caption Solar energy is to replace diesel to power Tokelau's electricity

Tokelau has become the first territory able to meet all its electricity needs with solar power, officials say.

The South Pacific territory - comprising the three atolls of Atafu, Nukunonu and Fakaofo - had been dependent on diesel to generate electricity.

New Zealand, which administers Tokelau, funded a $7m (£4.3m) solar project.

Solar grids were constructed on the three atolls, with the last completed earlier this week.

"The Tokelau Renewable Energy Project is a world first. Tokelau's three main atolls now have enough solar capacity, on average, to meet electricity needs," New Zealand Foreign Affairs Minister Murray McCully said in a statement.

"Until now, Tokelau has been 100% dependent upon diesel for electricity generation, with heavy economic and environmental costs," he added.

Project co-ordinator, and PowerSmart MD, Mike Basset-Smith said that the move represented a "milestone of huge importance" for Tokelau, as it would now be able to spend more on social welfare.

The remote islands of Tokelau lie between New Zealand and Hawaii.

Most of the 1,500 islanders live by subsistence farming, with thousands of others choosing to settle in New Zealand or neighbouring Samoa.

More on this story


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Ashis Nandy: India court tells police not to arrest academic

  • 1 February 2013
  • From the section India
Ashis Nandy
Image caption Ashis Nandy is one of India's top academics

India's Supreme Court has ordered the police not to arrest leading academic Ashis Nandy for making controversial remarks at the Jaipur Literature Festival.

But the court advised Mr Nandy to be more cautious when speaking.

The sociologist was reported as saying that some of India's most disadvantaged groups were the "most corrupt".

He later clarified saying he meant that the poor and disadvantaged were more likely to get caught than the rich.

On Thursday, he filed a petition in the court after fears that he would be arrested.

On Friday, the bench headed by Chief Justice Altamas Kabir told Mr Nandy that he must "exercise caution" in the future if the "intention was not to cause hurt to the sentiments of another person or community".

In his petition, the academic had argued that lodging a case against him "is against the basic principles of the fundamental rights which envisages that free speech is the foundation of a democratic society".

He said that in the "surcharged environment... and the rabid statements made by important political personalities, his physical safety is itself compromised and there is imminent threat of injury to him".

A number of political parties have criticised Prof Nandy's remarks, but several academics have also supported him.

Former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh state and low-caste Dalit leader Mayawati said that he should be "sent to jail".

"Most corrupt people come from Other Backward Classes, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes [three disadvantaged groups]," Prof Nandy was quoted as saying during a panel discussion at the festival on Saturday.

He later said that he was sorry if anybody was hurt because of the misunderstanding and clarified his comments.

"I have been misquoted. What I meant was that most of the people getting caught for corruption are people from OBC, SC and ST communities, as they don't have the means to save themselves unlike people from upper castes," he is quoted as saying by The Hindu newspaper.

Dalit scholar Kancha Ilaiah said Prof Nandy had made "a bad statement with good intentions".

"While referring to Dalits as corrupt, Prof Nandy probably missed out saying that upper castes [in India] have always been corrupt," Prof Ilaiah said.

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Sorry, this episode is not currently available on BBC iPlayer Radio

Left Hand Down a Bit, with Leslie Phillips - The Navy Lark Special

Cast member Leslie Phillips roams the high seas of comedy, with a three hour celebration of the long-running radio favourite. Featuring: Operation Fag End (January 1959); The Hank of Heather (April 1959); The Lighthouse Lark (January 1960); A Deliberate Bashing (April 1963); Mr. Phillips at Dartmouth (October 1967); The Jubilee Navy Lark (July 1977).

Long-running radio sitcom The Navy Lark is almost as much of a national institution as the Navy itself. With a worldwide following, it remains one of BBC radio's most fondly remembered comedies, and continues to entertain new generations of listeners. Sub-Lieutenant Leslie Phillips welcomes you aboard the infamous HMS Troutbridge for a three-hour voyage through six classic episodes in the life and times of a legendary comic flagship.

Find out how The Navy Lark got started; discover who might have been in starring roles; learn how the cast of the radio series were invited to take large bits of a real-life ship ! What other popular "Larks" appeared on radio? How did the Troutbridge crew come to be running their own TV company? How exactly did Sub-Lieutenant Phillips get through Dartmouth? All is revealed.

Produced by Martin Dempsey.

Release date:

3 hours

Last on

Sat 19 Apr 2014 19:00


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#BBCtrending: Going Gaga for Scottish independence

  • 20 August 2014

After over 300 years together, is Scotland in a 'Bad Romance' with the rest of the UK?

That's what Lady Alba thinks. She's become popular on social media after her spoof video about Scotland's independence referendum went viral.

The video re-interprets Lady Gaga's song 'Bad Romance' to poke fun at supporters of a 'No' vote, who want Scotland to remain part of the UK. It has been viewed over 83 thousand times on YouTube.

Anne-Marie Tomchak caught up with Lady Alba during the making of her next video to find out how she's using social media to campaign for a Yes vote.

Produced by Neil Meads.

This is one of a series of BBC Trending reports featuring voices from each side of Scotland's independence referendum debate. Later in the week you can watch how Better Together supporters are using social media.

To hear how the debate is playing out on both sides, listen to the #BBCtrending radio show here.


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Starbucks executive says firm 'not avoiding tax'

12 November 2012 Last updated at 18:01 GMT

Starbucks' chief financial officer Troy Alstead has told a committee of UK MPs that the firm does not avoid tax.

He was one of several executives from some of the world's most-recognised firms being grilled by the Public Accounts Committee on the issue of tax avoidance.

A four-month investigation by news agency Reuters revealed that Starbucks reportedly paid just £8.6m in corporation tax in the UK over 14 years - including reporting accounting losses when it was profitable.


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Beds, Herts & Bucks

Darth Vader scarecrow scoops Flamstead festival prize

Darth Vader scarecrow
Image caption Andrew Lambourne's Darth Vader scarecrow triumphed in Flamstead's 13th annual festival

A Darth Vader scarecrow showed no mercy defeating about 90 others to scoop the top prize in a Hertfordshire village festival.

Andrew Lambourne's scarecrow triumphed in Flamstead's 13th annual scarecrow festival at the weekend.

It took the electronics worker two months "and a lot of hard work" to make the talking scarecrow.

A World War One tribute entitled "Lest we Forget", complete with a field of poppies, came second.

Image caption Brenda Tibbs's World War One tribute came second in the public vote

It is the second time Mr Lambourne has won the competition. In 2010 his Dalek scarecrow came first.

Image caption Lucy Millar's Jack and the Giant Beanstalk was the fifth most popular

About 5,000 people descend on the village each year to view the scarecrows and cast their vote for their favourite.

The festival's founder Peter Milson, from Lincolnshire, introduced the idea to the village in 2002 as a fundraiser for the local church and it has run every year since, raising money for multiple sclerosis charity the Hertfordshire MS Therapy Centre.

Image caption A Shrek scarecrow came in ninth place in the competition

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Eystna Blunnie murder case: Tony McLernon 'beat' pregnant ex-girlfriend

  • 20 February 2013
  • From the section Essex
Eystna Blunnie
Image caption Eystna Blunnie was found fatally injured near her home on 27 June

A heavily-pregnant woman was lured to a "brutal" death by her ex-boyfriend, a court has heard.

Eystna Blunnie, 20, was found with fatal head injuries near her home in Howard Way, Harlow, Essex, on 27 June.

Chelmsford Crown Court heard she had been in an abusive relationship with 24-year-old Tony McLernon.

Ms Blunnie agreed to meet Mr McLernon after he sent her a text telling the mother-to-be he had a "surprise" for her, the court heard. He denies murder.

Mr McLernon, of North Grove, Harlow, also denies a charge of child destruction by wilfully causing the death of an unborn child.

Ms Blunnie had initially been reluctant to see Mr McLernon but he convinced her to meet him in the early hours with "self-pitying messages designed to gain sympathy", prosecutor Andrew Jackson told the court.

Unemployed Mr McLernon, who had been drinking and using cannabis, forced Ms Blunnie to the ground and repeatedly kicked and stamped on her, the court heard.

The court was told residents living near the scene of the attack heard her "horrific" screams and the impact of the blows.

Ms Blunnie, who had been due to give birth within days, was found with severe head and facial injuries.

A post-mortem examination showed she had suffered a severe brain injury as the result of repeated blows and more than 50 separate injuries. She died in hospital.

Image caption Jurors were shown CCTV footage during the trial

'Violent crisis'

Mr Jackson told jurors: "It was an act of brutal, sustained and wholly unprovoked violence."

Mr McLernon "knew he was not only killing her but their unborn child as well," he added.

The court was told that pathologist Nat Cary found Ms Blunnie's child had been a healthy girl who would otherwise have been born "quite normally".

The baby died from "starvation of vital oxygen" as a result of the attack, jurors heard.

The couple, who met in 2010, had been together since April 2011 and got engaged three months later.

In October, Ms Blunnie told Mr McLernon she was pregnant with his child. They broke up after Ms Blunnie, a catering student and barmaid, made complaints to police that he had been abusing her.

Mr Jackson told jurors the couple's relationship was "marked by controlling, bullying and violent behaviour" and ended having reached "a considerable and violent crisis".

The court heard Mr McLernon had a history of abusive relationships.

McLernon, wearing a dark suit and tie, appeared to hang his head as Ms Blunnie's father Kevin gave evidence.

Describing her, Mr Blunnie said: "She was happy. She was looking forward to having her first child."

The trial, expected to last up to four weeks, continues.

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Latin America & Caribbean

Mexico police arrest 'major drug lord' wanted in US

Cocaine haul
Image caption Mr Martinez Sanchez is accused of having smuggled around 76t of cocaine to the United States

Police in Mexico say they have arrested a major drug lord in the central state of Guanajuato.

Tirso Martinez Sanchez specialised in importing, transporting and distributing drugs for several criminal gangs, authorities said.

The US State Department had offered a $5m (£3m) reward for his capture.

Mr Martinez Sanchez is accused of having smuggled 76 tonnes of cocaine from Colombia into the United States between 2000 and 2003.

Investigators say he had links to various international groups due to his close relationships with Mexican drug lords Amado Carrillo Fuentes, Arturo Beltran Leyva and the Colombian brothers Victor and Miguel Mejia Munera.

The man is reportedly also wanted by Colombian authorities for his alleged links to Juan Carlos Ramirez Abadia and Diego Leon Montoya Sanchez, arrested in 2007 under the accusation of having laundered "more than $10m (£6m)".

The US State Department says Mr Martinez Sanchez's organisation used "a network of large warehouses to store and distribute cocaine in Mexico and the United States".

It also says the group used cover companies to import legitimate goods with drugs hidden in them.

The US authorities say the cocaine was smuggled by "ocean vessels, tractor-trailers, and railroad tanker cars".

More on this story


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Sports Personality of the Year: Why David Weir should win

Each of the 12 Sports Personality of the Year contenders has an advocate explaining why they should win. Here, BBC Sport talks to four-time Paralympian Dan Greaves about his friend, David Weir .

David Weir, multiple Paralympic champion, dominant for years at the London Marathon, had one very clear thought going into his home Games: "I believed it would be impossible to get four gold medals."

It was about the only misjudgement he made all summer.

In seven races over nine days and 35.3 miles, Weir produced flawless performances across four contrasting distances to light up the track at the Olympic Stadium, exactly as Mo Farah had a few weeks before.

  • Finest moment: Coming down the Mall clear of his greatest rivals to win his fourth and final gold medal of his home Paralympic Games
  • Historical context: Only Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson had ever before won four athletics golds at a single Paralympics for Great Britain
  • In his own words: "I'm just honoured to see that Paralympic sport has got the recognition it deserves. It's about time that we got some recognition, because we're superhumans."

From his tactically perfect triumph in the T54 5,000m to the successful defence of his 800m and 1,500m titles under the most intense pressure, the 33-year-old first set the celebratory mood and then brought it to new heights. In then winning marathon gold in front of Buckingham Palace on the final day of competition, he supplied the perfect image to bookend London's special sporting summer.

It would lead to GB Paralympic head coach Peter Eriksson hailing him as the greatest wheelchair racer of all time, an accolade indeed from the most successful Paralympic coach in history. For the kid from the Roundshaw Estate in Croydon, it was a triumph forged by years of brutal training and relentless determination.

Dan Greaves, four-time Paralympian, owner of the full gold, silver, bronze set in F44 discus, has been Weir's friend and team-mate for over a decade, and shared accommodation with him during the London Games.

"Dave is multi-talented at wheelchair racing," he says. "Because of the nature of his sport, you face the same guys in almost all events, and to face those same four day after day in big final after big final and beat all in all is phenomenal.

"London showed how mentally strong Dave is. He totally commits himself for months beforehand to get his strategy right.

"You need four times the mental strength to get through all those qualifying rounds and semis. You need to control and time your energies, working out which is your strongest event, which one you'll have to work hardest in, which one you will enjoy the most.

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"He has always had a great work ethic - he'll give blood, sweat and tears in pursuit of success - but that hit new levels this year. If he thinks someone is training harder than him, he'll go out there and do another session regardless of how cold or wet it might be or how hard he has already trained. He operates on a full tank of fuel every single day."

For cyclists and runners in south-west London, the sight of Weir flogging himself on the roads and climbs of Richmond Park is a familiar one.

There is little glamour on those slick hills in the depths of winter, nothing to connect the mind with stadiums full of 80,000 cheering spectators. But it was there that the hard yards were made, the pain endured that would bear fruit as the nation watched on.

"Dave really went hard on the endurance side of training in the build-up to London," Greaves told BBC Sport.

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"He knew that if he could combine the best stamina of anyone in the field with his raw strength - and he is an absolute beast - then he would be hard to beat."

In that 5,000m final, Weir seized on a mistake from dangerous Swiss racer Marcel Hug to first get on the wheels of his old Australian friend and rival Kurt Fearnley and then push past on the final bend.

Defending his title in the 1,500m, he seemed a racer at the peak of his physical and tactical powers, going to the front at the bell, taking up a position straddling lanes one and two to force his rivals wide, holding off Thailand's charging Prawat Wahoram down the finishing straight.

In the 800m final, amid the celebrations of Thriller Thursday, he produced arguably his most impressive performance of all.

Lane seven was a far from ideal draw. With 200m to go he had China's Zhang Lixin out front and Hug on his shoulder. There should have been exhaustion and horrible lactic in his shoulders, lats and arms. There probably was. But, just as Farah had, he found something in the final 50m to surge clear to victory.

Last 10 winners

  • 2011: Mark Cavendish (cycling)
  • 2010: Tony McCoy (horse racing)
  • 2009: Ryan Giggs (football)
  • 2008: Sir Chris Hoy (cycling)
  • 2007: Joe Calzaghe (boxing)
  • 2006: Zara Phillips (Equestrian)
  • 2005: Andrew Flintoff (cricket)
  • 2004: Dame Kelly Holmes (athletics)
  • 2003: Jonny Wilkinson (rugby union)
  • 2002: Paula Radcliffe (athletics)

"Watching him in the village during those Paralympics was amazing," says Greaves. "You'd see him racing, but what not everyone was aware of was that he would then be doing hours of media and dope-control.

"He wouldn't be back in our accommodation until 1am, and he would have his next qualifying race at 1030 the same morning.

"I spoke to him about it lots. What was key for him was winning gold in that first final. He had been very pent-up before the 5,000m, but after taking gold that equalled, in his head, what he had achieved in Beijing; it meant that everything else felt like a bonus, so he was able to relax and enjoy all the subsequent big battles.

"He is a charismatic guy. He's the ultimate gent - an animal on the track but a nice guy with it, and he figured out that the pressure was all on his rivals. He had won one; he then won two. He knew he was the man with the power."

Even Weir feared the marathon might be 26 miles too far. After the first lap of central London, physically and mentally spent, he felt as bad as he had ever felt in a race.

Hug and Fearnley were again all over him. One final time, Weir found the strength to hold them off.

"The way the public took to the Paralympics made it work, and that triggered great performances," says Greaves. "Dave made a huge contribution to that.

"As the days went by it became, can he win the next one? Can he win this one? The marathon was the perfect finale to it all.

Weir's extraordinary haul helped take Team GB to third place in the medal table, as unprecedented a performance as their compatriots had achieved in the Olympics.

His selection as flag carrier at the closing ceremony was one fitting summary. So were his own almost awestruck words as the fireworks sounded: "I did it, and I did it in the best town in the world, in front of the greatest crowd at the greatest Paralympics ever."


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Recording: A Day In The Life

Studio Two, EMI Studios, Abbey Road
Producer: George Martin
Engineer: Geoff Emerick

Further overdubs were added onto A Day In The Life during this session, which began at 7pm and finished at 1.15am the following morning. Each of them involved replacing previously-recorded parts.

Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr re-recorded the bass guitar and drum parts they had recorded on 20 January 1967. Starr's drum part from this day, in particular, was much-admired upon the song's release.

McCartney then overdubbed his lead vocals onto track two, correcting the wrong word sung during the previous session.

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The ‘Paul is dead’ myth

References in song

The Beatles were said to have been referred to the death a number of times in song, including the following:

  • The opening words of Got To Get You Into My Life: "I was alone, I took a ride, I didn't know what I would find there".
  • The line "He didn't notice that the lights had changed" from A Day in the Life.
  • The opening line of She's Leaving Home, which highlighted the moment of the accident: "Wednesday morning at 5 o'clock as the day begins".
  • The suppression of the story in the news found its way into Lady Madonna: "Wednesday morning papers didn't come".
  • At the end of Strawberry Fields Forever, Lennon can be heard muttering "cranberry sauce". This was misheard as "I buried Paul".
  • "Bury my body" and "Oh untimely death" appeared in the radio feed towards the end of I Am The Walrus, taken from a BBC production of King Lear.
  • At the end of I'm So Tired, John Lennon mutters "Monsieur, monsieur, monsieur, how about another one?" When played backwards, this was interpreted by some as "Paul is dead, man, miss him, miss him".
  • "I'm sorry that I doubted you, I was so unfair/You were in a car crash and you lost your hair" - from Ringo's Don't Pass Me By.
  • The line "Find me in my field of grass" in Mother Nature's Son was taken as a reference to a cemetery.
  • There is the sound of a car crash, followed by an explosion, in Revolution 9.
  • The same song, when played backwards, is said to contain the repeated phrase "Turn me on, dead man".
  • "And so I quit the police department", a line from She Came In Through The Bathroom Window, supposedly referred to William Campbell's alleged former career in Ontario, Canada (see the Sgt Pepper visual clues on the next page).

This is just a taster. Particularly in the case of Revolution 9, there have been a huge number of interpretations, hidden meanings and fanciful explanations, many of which deserve to remain in the minds of the beholders. In short, any mention of death or cars in Beatles songs (Eleanor Rigby and Good Morning Good Morning proved particularly fruitful) can be shoehorned into the myth.

A number of visual clues were also said to be found in the group's record releases.

Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album artwork

  • The front cover spells the word 'Beatles' in flowers. Some, however, took this to say 'Be at Leso', a reference to the Greek island the group were considering buying (actually called Leslo).
  • An arrangement of yellow flowers below this is of a left-handed bass guitar, the instrument most associated with Paul McCartney. Some saw the flowers as spelling out the name 'Paul'.
  • A toy Aston Martin car sits atop the rag doll on the right hand side of the cover.
  • If a mirror is placed horizontally across the middle of the Sgt Pepper bass drum, so it bisects the words 'Lonely hearts', the phrase "I ONE IX HE DIE" can be seen. This was taken to mean "11 9 HE DIE", a reference to the supposed date of death, 9 November. Another interpretation of this is that "1 ONE 1" represents the three other Beatles, and the X represents the dead McCartney. A diamond symbol between HE and DIE points upwards to McCartney.
  • The album cover shows an open hand above McCartney's head, which in some religions is a symbol of death, signifying that someone will die or has recently died.
  • At the bottom of the image is a statue of the Hindu god Shiva, the destroyer. His hand is pointing directly at McCartney.
  • The gatefold sleeve shows McCartney wearing a badge on his arm appearing to say OPD. This actually said OPP, and stood for Ontario Provincial Police, though some people took it to mean "officially pronounced dead".
  • Original pressings of the album had the lyrics of the songs along with a photo of The Beatles. In the photo George Harrison's thumb points to the line "Wednesday morning at five o'clock," the alleged time of Paul's death.
  • On the rear cover McCartney has his back to the camera, suggesting that he is hiding his identity. Turning one's back is said to be a symbol of death in certain cultures.

Magical Mystery Tour

The original Magical Mystery Tour double EP (and LP in the US) was released with a booklet. This contained a number of cartoons, song lyrics and photos from the film.

Magical Mystery Tour album artwork

  • The front cover spelt the word 'Beatles' in stars. Held up to a mirror, this reveals a telephone number, 2317438, said to have belonged to a London mortuary.
  • A number of photos in the booklet show McCartney without shoes, said to signify death: people tend to be buried without them.
  • McCartney is shown in military uniform in one picture, behind a desk on which sits a sign saying "I was".
  • Ringo's drum head, in a still from the I Am The Walrus sequence, appears to say "Love the 3 Beatles". Next to the kit are McCartney's boots (as on Abbey Road, he is barefoot), covered in what appear to be blood stains.
  • A still from the Your Mother Should Know sequence shows all four Beatles in white suits, dancing. McCartney is the only one to have a black carnation in his lapel; the others all have red ones.
  • A cartoon of Paul labelled 'The Fool on the Hill' shows him with a crack in his head.

Abbey Road

Abbey Road album artwork

  • The cover of Abbey Road is said to make reference to a funeral procession, with John Lennon dressed all in white as a priest; Ringo Starr in a black suit as an undertaker; McCartney being barefoot, as many corpses would have been buried; and George Harrison following as a gravedigger. McCartney was also out of step with the others, with his eyes closed.
  • In the same picture, McCartney is holding a cigarette with his right hand. However, it was well known that he was left-handed, suggesting that an impostor was in his place.
  • A Volkswagen Beetle car in the background has the numberplate LMW 28IF. LMW was taken to mean 'Linda McCartney weeps', and 28IF was interpreted as referring to Paul's age if he had lived. However, at the time of Abbey Road's release in 1969 he would have been 27, rather than 28.

Comments are now closed on this article

158 responses on “The ‘Paul is dead’ myth

  1. Egroeg Evoli

    You know what I don’t understand? Why do so many people say it’s absolutely certain that Paul is alive? Why is it impossible for him to be dead? I mean, look at it this way: While Paul was in Africa, he died in a car accident in England. Then, a perfect look-alike was found, and this look-alike just happened to be able to sing and play bass and guitar just as well as Paul could. The Beatles went on to make amazing music with this “Faul,” secretly hiding clues about Paul’s death in their music and cover art and such. And some of these clues were in their music/cover art/etc. even before Paul’s death. Later, the three orginal Beatles and Faul had lots of arguments, and eventually the band broke up. After the Beatles broke up, Faul went on to have an amazing solo career that was probably what Paul would have done had he not died. And Faul is still fooling people today.
    What’s so impossible about that?
    But even though I don’t believe it, I still enjoy researching the myth and finding clues. It’s a fun mystery.

    1. Joe Post author

      “While Paul was in Africa, he died in a car accident in England… What’s so impossible about that?”

      You’d have to ask Einstein (using your time travel machine), but I think bilocation is quite tricky to pull off.

      1. mclarekuehn

        The idea is that he died in England but the substitute (now Sir Paul) went to Africa — first France and Spain, where in France he was unrecognized and unaccepted, according to Mal Evans — for surgery.

    2. Michael Goodnight

      So let me get this straight. Paul dies in a car accident. Then the remaining Beatles, and close associates to the Beatles, cover up his death. Then the remaining three Beatles and the “look alike and sound alike Paul” proceed to send out clues to Paul’s actual death through their music and album covers?
      Okay, can someone please explain to me why people would participate in the illegal cover up of Paul’s death and then try their hardest to tell the world the truth through abstract clues?
      People really are idiots and will ignore reality if it helps them to hold on to their delusions. The mockumentry “Paul Really Is Dead” is a good example. I have read comments from people quoting “clues” from this film as though it was a real documentary instead of a tongue in cheek comedy.
      When I read comments from people who simply refuse to accept reality, it gives me serious cause for concern regarding the future of the human species.

      1. mclarekuehn

        The mockumentary was disinfo in its overall purpose, or it was just generally convenient to anyone helping a cover-up, if there is a cover-up. It included some accurate points (as all good disinfo does) about what people CLAIMED from their reading of a range of so-called clues, but also strung it together without certain pieces of information. And it came out when Iamaphoney’s “Rotten Apple” series and soon-to-be late 2010 film was due, “The Winged Beatle”. Seems the “Harrison Last Testament” movie was put out to deflect attention from the other. Not that Iamaphoney — whose name is a play on the idea that Macca is a phoney — is perfect. He toys with some editing for emotional emphasis, but overall he provides many new or reminders of nearly forgotten pieces of information. For example, in “Rotten Apple 47 2”, a clip from an old film on PID “clues” shows a FULL FRONTAL “OPD” patch (made from OPP, of course), in an alternate copy of the gate-fold of the Sgt Pepper album. Whether the image was from an album version lesser known now, or from an advertisement, the image is clear. — The main item, however, in the series is at the very end of the 2010 film TWB. It seems indeed to be an old typewritten and handwritten page; it is, putatively, a page from Mal Evans’ lost book (not diary). And it talks of the “clinic in Kenya” and how it had “done a good job” and how John was impressed and everyone was surprised because “it was really happening” and how depressed and angry they all were about it. If it’s a real page, it can only be talking of the introduction of Macca in Nov. 1966. ———– By the way, though the piece here at Beatlesbible recounts the typical IMPRESSION people have of “the clues” and “dates”, the real date, IF Paul died, would have to be not Nov 9 but Sept 11 … from the numeric date “clue” on the drum-skin of Sgt P front album cover. Many Americans in 1969 chauvinistically assumed that dates are always written M/D/Y but in Britain and Commonwealth countries, etc., they’re written D/M/Y. — As to the future of the human species I cannot comment, but you may find the optics on the real ears useful to make your determination before you despair of the sanity of all PID proponents, any more than they should despair, carte blanche, of the sanity of PIA proponents. Perhaps many in each camp are insane, but maybe not for arguing the issues either way. Have a look at the link I posted. John’s drawing is very interesting; the OPD full frontal is there (and the other, few, provably “clue”-theme items, whatever they were created for). And also the ears with a demonstration of optics.

      2. Sakeeta

        Exactly. People like you refuse to accept reality. You wont see all the clues in front of you. There is tons of proof Paul is really dead, even look at the so called alive one now. he looks nothing the same, has a completely different nose, and even different eyes. All of humanity is fucked, cause you are all sheep who wont wake the hell up. Worst part, is that you all think the Illuminati is a joke… and they are not… you dont even pay attention to what is going on around you, do you?

  2. beatles fan

    I know many people who think Paul actually died and take the clues very seriously. There is even a website that uses forensic dissertation to support this argument. I think Paul is alive, but I look at the clues for fun.

  3. dallas scott

    first of all…if there was any question about his death being real and this hoax did take place, they would of dug up the body and did dna on it…..remember we live in the 21st century and have numerouse technology ways and means…

    1. c bowin

      Mr Scott, you just can’t go into cemetaries and start digging bodies up and performing DNA tests… They have a certain protocol for that and if it is true, do you think that the ‘powers that be’ would just allow that?

    2. mclarekuehn

      Who is “they” who would dig up bodies? People who want to protect the fortunes and embarrassment and loyalty? Or police? If you mean the latter: a double requires intel and police complicity (a few persons, as with media censorship: it’s partial but effective).

  4. c bowin

    I saw a photo where ‘Faul’ was clearly wearing a prosthetic ear piece and I got to tell you, that was the smoking gun that started my research and in other photo’s you can clearly see that Paul 66 and prior had nice, smooth rounded ears with connected ear lobes and ‘Faul’ (after 67) does not. I doubt we will ever be told in a straight forward way but it certainly makes you go, ‘hmm’.

      1. mclarekuehn

        Also: what of this claim by C. Bowin, about totally different earlobes (among other changes) makes you so defensive as to ignore the point? Or did you not bother to check it out? Look it up. I posted a link above, for part of that info, with more links given inside that page, as well.

        1. Michael G

          It is interesting to me that it never occurs to any of you conspirecy nuts that the simple explanation for different ear lobes is the result of modern technology. This technolgy is at the finger tips of all who have a computer. It is called Photoshop.

          1. mclarekuehn

            Actually, no. The images are from different eras and part of the general record. There are falsies on Sir Paul most of the time, but there are some ears the forensic scientists showed in Wired Italia 2009 in the midst of their rather extensive study of the case, and these vary not merely in lobes. Sorry.

    1. Michael G

      We have indeed been told the turth “in a straight forward way”. It all started as a joke that got out of hand. The man did not die. His ears did not change between ’66 and 67. People who continue to push forward this myth need to seek therapy.

      1. mclarekuehn

        You might wish to have a look at the upper leg of the antihelix, which, without intense foreshortening, is quite different after 1966. But let’s say there were massive foreshortening: it would still contradict. It is wider, not narrower than the 1966 leg of the antihelix; foreshortening narrows, it doesn’t widen. Also (as if there were more difference one needed as proof, but of course different ears will have many different features), it is further back than Paul’s upper leg of antihelix, pre-1966. Go to the link I just posted.

  5. Tasha

    I don’t believe in this PID rubbish, but it’s interesting to read about it. I doubt Jane Asher would feel comfortable being with a look-alike, and the band wouldn’t carry on with the Beatles, even if they were paid to. They nearly broke up after Brian’s death, and Paul is more important than money.

    1. mclarekuehn

      Tasha, I hear you. However, when one is familiar with the case (and has seen forever the difference, not in some haphazard way — though some people really are only seeing it that way), one looks at Asher and the post-Epstein death differently. It would, instead, seem as though Jane did a charade for a while, perhaps even turning for comfort to the new man. Who knows, but one way or another, left. We don’t know on that one, but it’s not impossible that behind the scenes things were messy. My own guess is that they were going to reveal things and the charade got out of hand — which also addresses your claim that at the intense height of their initial career, they would not have been wanting to quit but overwhelmed with Paul’s death as well. About Epstein: it may well have been pressures about Paul’s death also pushing that near break-up. One way or another, there is a 5th Beatle, friend and interloper at the same time.

      1. Michael G

        I wonder why it is so imporatnt for some of you to believe this myth. It confounds me that people feel absolutly no shame in calling Sir Paul a fraud. I wonder how any of you would feel if a group of delusional individuals decided to take it upon themselves to strip any of you of your identiy. Shame on all of you.

        1. Clare Kuehn

          Not a myth. Research bears it out. That’s why. Beyond mere belief opinion; but as long as it was, the case remained hypothesis as much as PIA is an hypothesis, strictly speaking. Without proof either way, both were.

    2. jl stephan

      ringo is the last beatle alive.paul died /many years ago /remember the words.jane asher knew that is why linda was choosen to replace her.with linda dead the secret will be forever.ringo is the only one left./jls

  6. Momox

    In my opinion, acid head people are also called “dead people”; when Paul finally took LSD, John probably said “now, Paul is dead, at last” or something, hã?

  7. robert

    Here’s a theory: The Paul Is Dead myth, was a hoax, actually thought up by Paul, “Hey Lads, let’s make up I’m dead!” and the rest went along not realizing how big the gag would get – all of this fueled Paul’s overbearing ego – eventually they were too dug in to get out of it – and I it became a major element in leading to disharmony and the eventual break-up and the other 3 becoming “fed up with being sidemen for Paul” – that’s John’s quote.

    1. mclarekuehn

      Actually “Doctor” Robert (ha ha): Per the Mal Evans single page shown in “The Winged Beatle”, John was distraught that “it was really happening” & how good the surgery was, that Paul had been to “the clinic in Kenya” which “had done a good job”. The purported Mal Evans “Living the Beatles Legend” (supposedly lost book) page in TWB is at 1:01:00 (overall page shown but bottom blurred), and then 1:01:07 bottom of page shown only, but unblurred.

      As to John’s public statements: 1. J claimed on TV he’d heard it first from “the newspapers … or uh …” & looks very nervous for a split second (you can see the clip on Youtube or in “The Winged Beatle”. at 40:05. 2. In a radio interview from 1970 about the Beatles breakup, J talks briefly ostensibly about Epstein’s death, then says the album they made after the trauma (& lowers his voice and Yoko laughs) was “Sergeant Peppers, oh I’m not sure”: joke for no-one but Yoko, or revelation going by so fast it’s almost unnoticeable by mixing stories? In same interview J later talks more directly of Epstein’s death & completely naturally speaks at length about Magical Mystery Tour (the real album made after Eppie’s death) & his reaction to the death. Seems to be mixing griefs about Paul & Eppie for those in the know. 3. In 1971 movie “Imagine”, perhaps freed by USA breaking story of PID, George corrects J jokingly, a bit nervously, hiding his mouth with his napkin a bit, saying “The Fab 3” when J had been riffing on “The Fab 4”. J jumps out of his seat, then realizes it’s okay now to say that and calms down. (In “The Winged Beatle” the clip is shown, though for effect (and thus makes a literal untruth in the edit, unfortunately) the maker of the movie edits in J winking, which is from later in scene. See TWB (link above) at 45:00. 5. J drew an extremely macabre drawing in late 1971, when PID story was already out, but gave it to someone who wouldn’t be in a position to make a bigger PID ruckus; thus = a privately public PID clue. It does not prove Paul died, but it is a PID-style clue. (Its poignancy also, however, would on its own indicate something serious might be real about PID clues overall.) Yet of course, a PID case is made on facial and earlobe forensics, not clues. For info on the drawing, plus PID forensics info links themselves: link.

    2. Michael G

      The Paul is Dead myth started in America. A listener called into a radio show and put forward his theories based on album covers. A local journalist was listening to the show and then wrote a tounge in cheek article putting forth this “theory”. He intended it to be a joke, but sadly many took him seriously. Paul had nothing to do with this myth being started.

        1. robert

          Ok – so in one of the forums on this topic I said a few months back that I thought the Paul is Dead Rumor began in 66 or 67 and if they didn’t start it, the Beatles jumped on it. I was challenged to show one piece of evidence that any of this happened in that time period – thank you Clare for providing that evidence.

          Your link from Beatles Monthly shows the Paul is Dead stuff began (at least) in February 1967 – plenty of time to use Pepper, MMT and the White Album to fuel the rumor.

          I don’t think Paul is dead, but I do think the Beatles added fuel to the fire.

          I feel vindicated.

        2. Joe Post author

          The Mohammed Hadjij incident is mentioned in this article. McCartney wasn’t even there; he wasn’t driving the car. The only anomaly seems to be that the Beatles Book Monthly claimed that the car was in McCartney’s possession, despite apparently being written off. My guess is the press office wanted to downplay things as much as possible, or didn’t have the full info. Besides, if they were trying to plant clues, why would they slap down a rumour that was being spread around London that they wanted to perpetuate?

          1. Clare Kuehn

            There are tons and tons of clues and they’re thematically tight. There are FOUR provably planted clues in the simple sense — including the disclaimer (or fake-disclaiming) above.

            That story about the Moroccan student doesn’t even make sense — from the claims the student makes — came out way later, could be a cover story, could be an unrelated incident, etc.

            Point is: just the claim that there are no items CALLED CLUES, and it was MADE UP, is false.

            Also: PID happens to be true. But anyway:

            We are not debating a single clue here; we are pointing out that THE ITEMS ARE NOT MADE UP (largely). Now: get more informed. Go to the article I wrote. It’s undergoing rewrites. Big mistake re. posts above: NOT allowed to take things out of context in a case. Can make those points, but they’re isolated; the disclaimer was being discussed as an item for the public; it is not the only one. And there are many reasons to have or to fake or to misrepresent a crash — if ALSO Paul died, possibly in a crash. (He did; but I’ll leave it at if.)

            1. Joe Post author

              Sorry, I really can’t be bothered. You have no proof, only conjecture, and this has been going nowhere for far too long. I’m going to close comments on this article to try to preserve some sanity.

              You can believe what you want, but this article is titled “The ‘Paul is dead’ myth” because that’s exactly what it is.

              Life’s too short (though Paul’s hasn’t been).

  8. Erin Scumby

    Both the writer of this article and the commenters deem themselves experts on the PID subject. Dates, times and brand of car, it is all nailed down to perfection. Yet in this rumor there is huge discrepancy in the “facts.” I cannot think of any historical recounting that has so much certainty as to facts and what did or did not happen to Paul. One thing is for certain that I know as a fan, the rumor was going round in London in 1967. It was because of the end of the 45 rpm record played up high with the end of strawberry fields song where John clearly says “I buried Paul.” When the rumor got to America the new pressed editions of that song said “cranberry sauce.” But rock stars were going down by the bucket if not by drugs then by accident. It would have been perfectly logical that Paul would be replaced by the English in light of all the money they were bringing into the Sterling crisis. EMI would not have allowed him to die either. It is more likely than not that Paul died and was replaced.

  9. William Campbell

    Here is the solution. Before 1966 Paul had dark brown eyes. After 66 Faul has green eyes. Game Over

  10. Katiua

    It really happened.You can’t just read about the theories,because it is fun.Someone’s death it is not funny thing.They covered his death.Can you believe how many girls would kill themselfs if they knew the truth?For this reason the truth was ”hidden” in songs,albums,photos… They hide the truth and putted it in so many songs,just for the real fans,because the real fans would know that nobody can replace their favourite singer and they would know,that something is not quite right.As i see here,the big part of people can’t call themselfs:”Real fans of The Beatles”,unfortunately.

  11. pfadaffy

    I have a stupid questions why did the beatles stop touring if paul McCartney is still very much alive maybe somebody can answer me that

    1. Clare Kuehn

      The usual answer is that their music became more studio based and they were afraid of the tour brouhaha and tired.

    1. mclarekuehn

      Learn about the ears, the height, the teeth. Then learn the other circumstantial arguments either way. Now that we have good comps on the forensics, it must be done that way. You will not be dumber but smarter. It is mere emotion which drives your comment.

  12. Seeker

    People do not understand just how crucial the Beatles were to the economy of Britain at the time. If you understand that then you can start to see how if Paul died the truth would not necessarily have come out.

    The Beatles were also far more ‘managed’ than people thought and think. They were a real group who honed their skills during countless nights in Hamburg but there seems little doubt that George Martin had a lot to do with their songwriting.

    I am not sure the Theo Adorno or whatever his name is theory is credible but I have always wondered how Michael Jackson got to buy the Beatles back catalogue when McCartney had far more money than him and far more clout in the industry by virtue of his status. And the fact he wrote those songs either by himself or with Lennon and with more than a little help from George Martin to begin with.

    I was a skeptic until I started reading various articles and watching various clips on youtube. I am old enough to remember the Beatles in the few years before their breakup and I remember even then thinking of how Paul had changed in the space of a few short yrs.

    We’re not talking about the changes that usually happen in people’s physical features when they are in their late 30s and after. His face changed in the space of a couple of years when he was in his twenties.

    The drugs he was taking do not seem to explain those changes, he was not ravaged by them the way young people who change dramatically under their effects change their features.

    Now that writers have the background information about Tavistock (the actual facts and not some right ideas) and how it was definitely about social engineering, now that we know Jane Asher’s father kept company with doctors who abused hypnotherapy to perform deep sleep hypnotherapy on unsuspecting victims and killed himself, now that we know of the Beatles’ links with those closely connected with Manson etc, we know there is more than meets the eye to all of this.

    Truthteller though John Lennon was, he did lie and all his dismissal of song lyrics as just playing with words or with fans does not ring with the truth. Clearly there are references that are not there to mock the fans or the world. And why would such images as have been pointed out in the Free as a bird video be shown? It is clearly McCartney’s image in a video supposedly only about John.

    I have one foot firmly planted in the PID camp. Thanks for all the work, keep it up on that website about something can be know or whatever.

    1. Joseph Brush

      Since I am one of the people and since you seem to know, please inform us of the ratio between the Beatles income as compared to the GNP of Great Britain during the years in question.

  13. linkjws

    John Lennon said it best:

    “Those FREAKS was right when they said you was dead”.

    Not a clue, a condemnation. I’ll let you judge who he is condemning though

    New clue: “Flowers In The Dirt” by “Faul” is a reference to Paul being dead, and the red background signifies the dirt of mars, which is a reference to the moon landing, which was obviously faked. Meaning Paul McCartney is buried at the site of where the “Moon landings” were filmed. The flowers signify where he was buried. Oh you don’t believe me? Neil Armstrong alluded to it in this interview he gave upon “returning” to earth (insert some link to an obscure site that no one has ever been to, trust me though, its legitimate). Just follow that link, you’ll see he is buried next to Elvis and Jimmy Hoffa.

    1. mclarekuehn

      My oh my, the vitriol. Anyway, you emphasize freaks over right, of course …

      as Lennon would have intended if the whole thing were true, No? In fact, he may have enjoyed very much getting the truth out, even with the putatively joking “freaks” in the line. So you have no proof of his intentions. In fact, the intention fits without stretching it at all, in the other case. Do you know how argument of two cases at a time works, say, in a law court? It works this way. You may be well aware of that, but it does need to be pointed out in general.

      Now, Lennon said “freaks” …

      despite the fact it was the Beatles who put the clues in there — starting with a disclaimer (yes DIS-claimer), but it’s very early, i.e., Feb. 1967 and the items continue (either as jokes or not) for some years. In fact, they continue up to the Love album recently, but more obviously were on Anthology 5.

      Clues and the drawing and even false ears on Sir Paul after 1966 do not limited-case prove anything. Anyone would know that. Forensics on the real person would prove it, if the right kinds were/are available.

      That is, if you don’t see a/the difference. — But it’s also true that some who see differences in things are patently wrong. So conviction itself (even if it IS right, that he looks the same or different) is not PROOF formally.

      Nevertheless: learn about the REAL cartilage of the ear; assess the heights and changed look early on and how filler would/could help more — by a year and a half after the putative death, i.e., in May 1968 when the earliest false ear evidence is from (before, the false ears were known from very late 60s and early 70s).

      You might want to at least start to wonder. The real ear cartilage is an exact proof, however, even if you don’t see a difference in the men.

      The upper leg of the antihelix is straight and toward the rear of the ear, in Sir Paul, whereas it is forward and rounded, and front of the midline (plumbline at the middle) of the ear in Paul.

      As to your implication that ANYTHING CAN BE INTERPRETED AS A CLUE:

      Let’s look at that: one can of course take anything and MAKE it have meanings of wild associations, but the PID clues, in the main, are pretty obvious: they repeat and have direct reference to Paul at some point.

      For instance, the disclaimer (or “disclaimer”) in Feb. 1967 mentions car crash, Paul, death (and some wrong and deflective info). The Walrus and Paul are directly linked, and the disclaimer of Walrus and John (who was in the mask) started on liner notes for MMTour album’s “I am the Walrus” listing, by having “No, you’re not, said little Nicola” scrawled under it. In “Come Together” a reference to “Walrus gumboot” on the man with the “disease”, spine cracked, ju-ju eyeballs, flat-top, monkey finger, and so on, link that apparition with Walrus AND with Beatles (Beatle Boots are little black gumboots they popularized early on). An “egg man” and Walrus figure into the very same song which gets the “No, you’re not” reference, as does a quotation from the BBC King Lear, “Is he dead? / Sit you down, father; rest you.” And so on. And the gumboots are off — on Abbey Road album — if gumboots were what Paul wore and got partly pulled off in a crash or other damage.

      By 1995, a death head as leafy reflection is added to a police van in Free As A Bird, but the reflection has no blur, so it’s optically impossible with a camera pan.

      A drawing now being made more well known, by John, shows severe head injuries (including an “eggshell” flat-top, ju-ju wonky dissociated eyeballs, much gore and brain matter, a side-to-side split as well, no mouth injuries as a walrus image might conjure but the drawing gets sympathetic below the 2 upper head injuries so mouth damage may be normalized, not shown, and a set of GUMBOOTS, dissheveled, possibly ready to fall off).

      So cut the crap about “anything goes” here. Some people are uncareful, or had to ask about everything, but most clues are rather obvious in context of each other, with a few which are very obvious.

      1. Scott Alan Wilson

        If the first mention of PID wasn’t until 1969: WHY were so-called “Clues” being “planted” in/on albums BEFORE 1969 (“Sgt. Pepper”: “HE DIE”; “Magical MysteryTour”: “I WAS”) + lyrics (“Glass Onion”: “HERE’S ANOTHER CLUE FOR YOU ALL: THE WALRUS WAS PAUL”)?? (SOMEBODY created them, and SOMEBODY (probably Lennon) had to “ok” them for inclusion in the album packages (and then set about to orchestrate their “discovery” as a way to generate interest + sell more albums?); “green eyes” aside (from LSD use?), to think that “PID” is ‘interesting-but-ludicrous’ (where on earth would you be able to find a left-handed bass guitarist/acoustic guitarist/pianist/singer in time for “Hello/Goodbye” and “Let It Be” filming?; in “The Beatles Recording Sessions” (by Mark Lewisohn; Harmony Books/1988) the entry for the 11/24/66 recording session of ‘Strawberry Fields Forever’ (Take 1)” notes “…scat harmonies by John, Paul and George.”

        1. Clare Kuehn

          You are wrong re. left-handed in time for Hello/Goodbye. HE DOES NOT PLAY. Nor do the others: they mimic, in Hello/Goodbye (and I am the Walrus, in MMT film, earlier). For a year and a half or almost two, he does NOT PLAY on camera.

          On the other hand (pun intended), he lightly plays in India left-handed, maybe. (There is some debate on that.) But it’s picking around, not playing seriously and it’s brief.

          As to the rest of the info: of course they used Paul’s name for the recording harmonies. Why is everyone so shocked they called him Paul?

          And — it was done. He is a talented man (some say not so, but I prefer to recognize that though different, it made the Beatles’ “trajectory” what we have in the end, and it worked out). But he is not Paulie.

          I just wish detraction statements would be more carefully thought through. Problem is: most who post them would not do the deep thinking on the issue required to really find out or think through whether such things really are “alibis” or impossible, or really have to be interpreted in a PIA — Paul is Alive — way. (A “silly” issue often gets short shrift, unless one’s name is Sherlock Holmes.)

          It turns out that not only is it POSSIBLE — an important point!!! — but it was done — a different point.

  14. trcanberra

    This is so funny – to think some people believe you can pull a lookalike / soundalike Beatle out of the space where the sun don’t shine and fool every sane person on the planet for 45 years.

    1. Clare Kuehn

      He doesn’t look ALIKE; he looks relatively similar, as some people do, especially if they learn body language and some vocal habits; he does not sound ALIKE; he sounds similar in some song moments and different in others.

      However, until you learn how your brain actually processes information, you may not understand how it can fool you. In this case, you are fooled; some are not. Oh well.


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XSparkage Summer Beauty Contest

Beautylish is teaming up with Leesha, aka beauty guru XSparkage to give one lucky Beauty Leesha's personal summer beauty favorites. Beat the heat this season with her top picks and see how you can win!

Enter to win a summer beauty kit personally curated by beauty guru and blogger, XSparkage! We'll choose one Beauty to receive her kit, plus a little bonus Beautylish swag.

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Nov 29, 2012

The Art of Creativity: Photography class with Course Horse

Appreciating a photograph and creating your own little piece of art are two completely different things. While I love a creative, colorful photo as much as the next girl, making my own photographs shine beyond Instagram has been something I've always wanted to work on. When the opportunity through CourseHorse, a website where you can find and enroll in local courses, suddenly presented itself to me, I seized the chance to polish my photography skills. The class I took was "Composition in the Field: Grand Central Station", taught by the talented photographer and very patient instructor, Marla Mossman from the Digital Photo Academy.

We spent the afternoon with different photo challenges after on the spot instruction. From documenting the iconic exterior of Grand Central to close up photographs of food in the Market inside Grand Central, I became much more intimate in those three hours with my Canon Powershot than I have been in the three years I've owned it. While my point and shoot was sufficient for use, to get the most out of the class I would recommend bringing your DSLR camera and Marla will teach you how to own that thing.

All of the photos included in this post were taken during the composition class and have not been altered by any photo editing programs, so you can experience the real deal of what I was able to accomplish with Marla's instruction.

I started getting pretty creative and a little creepy when I crouched down to shoot this photo in between two columns looking over the bustling Main Terminal in Grand Central.

After learning that I can actually control the ISO settings (which control how sensitive the camera will be to light) on my camera, a setting that was definitely not right for the lighting ended up creating a very cool silhouette effect.

The best part of the class was the reminder of the level of creativity trapped inside each one of us. Simply setting aside the time to focus on the intricate, amazing little details within Grand Central and the added bonus of having the instruction of how to best capture them with my camera made the experience transcend beyond being just educational. If you want to learn more about your digital camera, how to improve your photography, or want to exercise your creative side check out Marla's Composition in the Field Course. Course Horse also offers hundreds of other course options if photography is not your thing.

P.S.: One of the best parts of the day? We were shooting the weekend before Halloween and Marla approached several interesting subjects asking if we could take photos of them. We never quite figured out why he was in a spandex tux.

Please read disclosure statement as this review includes a complimentary service received.

  1. wonderful photos, looks so fun!!

  2. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

  3. Hi Heather,
    It's Lauren, we met last night at Div and Jackie's. Great posts, and I've only read the first few. Thanks for brining me over and check me out on

    Happy Holidays!


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Steiner readies ‘game-changer’ autograph line

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