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Summary of Spirit of Adventure - exploring hauora during an inspirational sailing adventure | NZ teachers, enrol in this LEARNZ virtual field trip

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Summary Page: Spirit of Adventure - exploring hauora during an inspirational sailing adventure
Term 1 starting 20 February 2018.

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A 2018 trip.

On this field trip you will join 30 specially-chosen students and their 10 buddies on the 45m, three-masted barquentine Spirit of New Zealand! You will be part of a team to help sail the ship on this special Inspiration Voyage.

It is difficult enough being part of a team this big and learning to sail a ship of this size, but all these students have physical challenges that make everything harder. What you will experience will inspire you - maybe to challenge yourself or maybe to help others.

Activities during this field trip include:

  • building self-confidence by climbing the mast and swimming alongside the ship
  • developing leadership skills while putting up the big sails
  • communicating with new people to help prepare a meal
  • learning to be resilient by cleaning the ship
  • working in teams to raft ashore
  • dealing with close confines
  • learning new skills by sailing small boats

Sounds like plenty! Enrol now.

To prepare for this field trip, LEARNZ content will support inquiry into:

  • sailing
  • adventure and hauora (Taha wairua / spiritual well-being; taha hinengaro / mental and emotional well-being; taha tinana / physical well-being; and taha whānau / social well-being)
  • seeking and embracing challenges
  • having fun and finding your spirit
  • the Outdoors and the Sea as places to learn and develop skills
  • sailing ships
  • navigation
  • sailing terms and ideas
  • the field trip location - Auckland, City of Sails

During this field trip you will:

  • see Shelley's tweets on twitter
  • meet the skipper, the professional crew of the sailing ship and the support people
  • meet some of the 30 young people and their buddies who will be onboard the sailing ship
  • explore the roles of crew members and buddies and how they have trained and prepared themselves for this adventure
  • be inducted onto the sailing ship
  • go over the plans, preparations and challenges of the voyage
  • live with everyone onboard - prepare meals, sail the ship, do a stint on night watch, take part in challenges, do chores, keep clean, and maintain physical health
  • trim the sails and steer the ship on full day voyages
  • learn about the connections between English, Māori and Pasifika language, with sailing, environment, culture and Hauora or well-being
  • spend time outdoors on an island (TBC), connecting with the environment and understanding its patterns

After the field trip, challenge yourself to:

  • go on a boat trip: observe the roles of the crew, inspect the design of the vessel, and find out how it is steered and navigated
  • try sailing or windsurfing and learn how to trim sails so you can run with the wind and tack into the wind
  • prepare for and go on an adventure, putting into practice what you have learnt
  • explore somewhere or something new and use observation strategies you have learnt during this field trip

Where you will go

Sailing starts and finishes in Auckland, the City of Sails.

Teacher comments about previous LEARNZ Adventure field trips

"It (the virtual field trip) allowed our students to be involved and part of something that wouldn't be attainable in a normal classroom setting. It totally enhanced my learning programme and enabled me to get support and guidance using the NZ curriculum." Pauline Craven from Whakatane High School.

"Very relevant to our Term Two inquiry about Māoritanga and how it is shared and celebrated in NZ. I use LEARNZ withy my class because I am always able to find something that suits the children's interests, and the real-life situations are so relevant and motivating." Jennifer Coyle from Edendale School, Southland.

"This field trip was perfect for our combined Māori and Health studies for Term 1. My class were able to use this at school and in their home with parents. Very satisfying to observe students personalising the learning." Isobel Huggard from Katikati College.

Go to more comments from teachers about previous LEARNZ field trips.

More about Health and Physical Education and Hauora/Wellbeing

  • The field trip will focus on the four dimensions of hauora/wellbeing (in the context of the practical aspects and holistic approach to sailing) Taha Wairua: being at one with Tangaroa and the stars plus everyone in your crew. Taha Tinana: being physically able to handle the demands of the ocean and sailing. Taha Hinengaro: having the knowledge of how to sail safely and properly. Taha whanau: being completely as one whanau, as these are the people for whom you put your trust and life in on the water.

Learning Areas/Levels

Health and Physical Education: Personal Health and Physical Development Levels 2-5, Relationships with Other People Levels 2-5, Healthy Communities and Environments Levels 2-5; Social Studies: Place and Environment Levels 2-5, Identity, Culture and Organisation Levels 2-5, Continuity and Change Levels 2-5

  • Vision, Values, Key Competencies, Principles, Literacy and Numeracy

    By their nature, LEARNZ field trips integrate with the higher levels of the NZ Curriculum. Participation encourages development of the Key Competencies around Thinking, Using language, symbols and text, Managing self, Relating to others, and Participating and contributing. Teachers indicate this in testimonials. LEARNZ field trips have support and activities for Literacy, with opportunities to develop skills in Listening, Reading and Viewing and in Speaking, Writing and Presenting. More about LEARNZ as a Reading Resource and student writing opportunities with LEARNZ. Select LEARNZ field trips have support and activities for Numeracy, encouraging the development of skills in Number and Algebra, in Statistics and in Geometry and Measurement.

  • ESOL

    As well as providing visual and audio material and access to real experiences, LEARNZ links well to ESOL Principles, especially Principle 3 Maintain and make explicit the same learning outcomes for all the learners. How can I make the lesson comprehensible to all students? How can I plan the learning tasks so that all the students are actively involved? Do my students understand the learning outcomes? Principle 4 Begin with context embedded tasks which make the abstract concrete. How can I put these concepts into a concrete context?

  • What's in a Field Trip

    Every LEARNZ field trip has its own newly-built, self-contained web site ready for integration into your teaching and learning programme. Teacher Support has curriculum integration, resources, newsletters, support and evaluation. Prepare Students provides opportunities for student inquiry on two sets of image-rich background pages at reading levels 2 years apart, (students can click to have those pages read to them out loud), online interactive and other activities to check students' understanding, and a glossary. During the field trip there are live tweets on twitter, and daily additions such as a diary, video clips, profiles of the experts (ideal careers education), a photo gallery, and ambassador (mascot) page updates. Live web conferences via Adobe Connect enable teachers to managed students putting prepared and spontaneous questions to experts (recorded for replay). After the field trip, teachers are encouraged to take further action with their class in the community or to go on a related field trip, or to invite a guest speaker, or to present what they have learned to a wider group. Teachers also fill in an online evaluation (more about reflective practice), the field trip prize winner is drawn, and the final newsletter is sent. Content remains online for continued use.

  • How teachers use LEARNZ

    View teacher comments in testimonials and in the LEARNZ Group on the VLN. There are two main ways teachers use a LEARNZ virtual field trip with their class. Firstly, a LEARNZ field trip is ideally an immersive, engaging, synchronous, online learning experience with real-time components and a myriad of opportunities for teachers and students. Secondly, and less ideal but still effective, a LEARNZ field trip can be used as a retrospective experience where the resources such as photos, text, activities, videos and audioconferences/web conferences comprise a unique collection of authentic, contemporary New Zealand teaching and learning material.

  • What Now

    Not Registered with LEARNZ? Are you a New Zealand Registered or Provisionally-Registered Teacher? Register free with LEARNZ Now.

    Already Registered with LEARNZ and activated your account? Log in to your personal MyLEARNZ Control Panel and then enrol your classes at no cost in field trips. Note: Enrolment is only needed for the current and future year's field trips.

    Registered but need help? Check your email for activation instructions - contact us if the message did not make it to your email inbox. Log on to MyLEARNZ. Go to Getting Started.

    Teachers - Lost your password? Recover it here.

Field trips:

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Introductory video for this field trip: Watch, embed or share on Vimeo or click below to watch here.

PLD about this field trip? Go to Webinar Schedule and Recordings.

New to LEARNZ? Go to Getting Started.

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Shelley the LEARNZ Field Trip Teacher.

Meet Shelley, your LEARNZ Field Trip Teacher

Inquiry Topics: adventure, Auckland, expedition, explorers, goal setting, hauora, heritage, identity, islands, leadership, managing resources, Māori, marine environment, migration, navigation, ocean currents, oceans, Outdoor Education, outdoor pursuits, Pacific Ocean, people and the environment, people in the past, personal health, risk management, traditions, voyaging, weather, wind

View the LEARNZ Events Calendar


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Screen Repair In Toronto

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As A Telemarketer, If You Can Provide Them With That Range, You Are Increasing Your Chances Of Making Them Agree To Some Extra Purchases.

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Review: The Girl in the Park

I received this book for free from NetGalley in exchange for an honest review. This does not affect my opinion of the book or the content of my review.

Review: The Girl in the ParkThe Girl in the Park by Mariah Fredericks
Published by Schwartz & Wade on April 24, 2012
Genres: Contemporary, Mystery
Pages: 224
Format: eARC
Source: NetGalley

When Wendy Geller's body is found in Central Park after the night of a rager, newspaper headlines scream,"Death in the Park: Party Girl Found Strangled." But shy Rain, once Wendy's best friend, knows there was more to Wendy than just "party girl." As she struggles to separate the friend she knew from the tangle of gossip and headlines, Rain becomes determined to discover the truth about the murder. Written in a voice at once immediate, riveting, and utterly convincing, Mariah Frederick's mystery brilliantly exposes the cracks in this exclusive New York City world and the teenagers that move within it.

First Sentence: “In my dream, everyone talks except me.”

Main character Rain tries to stay quiet and avoid notice. She has a cleft palate that still affects her speech patterns, despite a lot of speech therapy. This definitely makes her stand out among the YA books I’ve read, reminding me most of Wonder by R. J. Palacio, which is amazing by the way. Both main characters are freaks because of deformities they were born with, but both are also really great people. From reading Auggie’s viewpoint in Wonder and Rain’s in The Girl in the Park, it’s so obvious how smart they are and how much they have to offer.

Rain’s a really nice person. She’s the kind of girl who will help someone out just because they’re in pain. Even if that person is the most popular girl in school and has never been kind to her, Rain will listen to her and comfort her when she’s down, because that’s what she does. This is how she befriends Wendy, a transfer student. Watching Wendy, Rain sees someone who wants so desperately to be popular that she stands no chance of achieving her goal. Rain offers her advice and tries to be friends, even though they are completely different.

One thing that did bother me was something that just was not believable, namely that the school sent out a message saying that students who did not feel up to coming the day after Wendy’s death would not be marked absent. No real school would do this. Why? Because EVERY SINGLE STUDENT would suddenly feel the strange need to mourn for Wendy, whether they knew her or not, liked her or not. What schools do, and I have experienced this, is still have the exact same attendance policy, but make the guidance counselors extra available for people to talk to if they’re sad. Seriously, if a school is going to make attendance optional that day, they might as well just close altogether, because that’s how many kids would show up. Does this matter at all with regards to the plot? No.

Death is really awkward, especially with the advent of all of this web interconnectivity. The Girl in the Park does a pretty good job of highlighting this fact, although I don’t imagine that’s something all readers are going to take away from it. Wendy wasn’t even very well-liked, but, in death, suddenly she’s missed and fascinating and everyone’s sad, even though many of them probably wished she would leave the school, if not the living world. Kids go to right on her facebook wall about their condolences and how awesome she was, though they may never have thought of it and though Wendy cannot actually read these messages. Whenever someone I know dies, which thankfully is not often, this same sort of furor erupts. There’s this desire to be closest to the tragedy, to garner attention because of it, which I’m seriously creeped out by and do not approve of. Was grief always so public?

The Girl in the Park reminds me a lot of Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak, although the issues they are dealing with are not exactly the same. They do, however, share themes of popularity and being afraid to speak up. Rain’s distance from others, although certainly not as extreme, is also a commonality between the two. I recommend this book to readers who enjoy the depressingly honest YA books by authors like Anderson and Bick.

Favorite Quote:

” ‘Just for once, I want someone to want me more than anybody else. To put me first.’ “

4 responses to “Review: The Girl in the Park”

  1. fakesteph says:

    This one looks good. I’m glad you liked it!!! My school had at least one kid die every year due to drunk driving and we never got let out of school. And I definitely see stuff on facebook all the time “remembering” them.

    • Christina says:

      One of the people in my undergrad class died a little over a year ago, and people still write on his wall. He was a great guy, but this creeps me out no end when it shows up on my feed.

    • Heather says:

      This happens with some of the people I know who have passed away, too. I most definitely think about the person who’s gone, but I don’t feel a need to post a message to them that everyone can see, and it kind of creeps me out when other people do it.

  2. Michelle says:

    I really liked the book as well. I think that Fredericks did such a great job writing an interesting and intriguing mystery while still getting to some pretty big issues. A side note: I, too, have friends who have died and people still post on their wall. The worst, though, is that one person’s parent (I think) still logs on under his account to see what his friends are doing, etc. I is like a punch in the gut every time I see him “online.” Sometimes the ability to forget is a kindness, and the internet never forgets.

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Cook Like A Chef With These Tips

Many people want to learn to cook like a pro, but the time and effort required to do so can seem overwhelming. However, cooking can be learned in short sessions. The following article will outline several simple ways you can enhance your cooking.

When you are seasoning meats, try cooking a small piece first and testing it out, before making all of it. Foods such as meatballs, meatloaf and hamburgers too all require delicate seasoning. After you season the meat, do not cook all of the batch. Try cooking a small patty first. Then, you could either cook it like that or add more seasonings accordingly.

Mashed Potatoes

TIP! If you do any lengthy cooking process like boiling, many of the nutrients will be cooked out. To preserve their vitamins and minerals, cook vegetables quickly by steaming them or frying them.

It is possible to lower the fat and calorie content of mashed potatoes without impacting the taste or texture by replacing some of the potato content with cauliflower. Cauliflower does not have a strong taste and will be virtually undetectable when mixed with the potatoes and other ingredients. As a bonus, cauliflower is the same texture and color as potatoes, so no one will be the wiser when you improve the nutritional content and lower the caloric content of your mashed potatoes.

Are you using basil? Take a large bunch of this fresh herb and place it in a glass. Cover the stems with water. Just set it on the counter top, and it will be good for several weeks. Change the water once in awhile, and before long roots will even form on the basil. Trim your plant on occasion and you will encourage future growth. This means you will have fresh basil in your kitchen for a long time to come!

Fresh Ingredients

TIP! Fresh ingredients are better than frozen or dried, regardless of what you cook. Fresh ingredients will give your dish extra flavor, and can turn out to be less expensive over time.

Nearly any recipe benefits from using fresh ingredients rather than the frozen or dried version. Use fresh ingredients, as they bring out the flavor in a dish, and they are also less expensive.

They will act like a sponge and just soak up a lot of that water. Get a soft, clean and wet cloth to wipe the dirt off each individual mushroom for better results.

Garlic is a popular ingredient that has one notable downside; its trademark scent transfers easily to your skin. Try rubbing your hands on the inside of a steel sink after you work with the garlic or other potent ingredients. This will clean your hands and keep the smells from permeating whatever food you are handling next.

TIP! Garlic is one of the best-loved of all the spices. However, that wonderful aroma can really stick to your hands.

If you make sauce, freeze it into ice cubs to use later on. Then, at a later date, it is a simple process to reheat the cubes on your stove top in a pan. The sauce will remain edible even after being in an ice tray.

When serving salad to guests, always offer the dressing on the side rather than pouring it directly on the salad. Some people prefer more dressing than others; let guests pour their own dressing. Offer a variety of dressings, so there will be something to everyone’s taste.

Leaving the bone in is an easy way to decrease the cook time for a roast. The reason this cooks your roast faster is because the bone pulls the heat to the center of the roast. When the meat is finished being cooked, you can avoid the bone when you cut and serve it.

TIP! Ice trays can be a great tool for freezing sauces. You will then have it readily available for when you need to make a quick and easy meal.

When your life is hectic and making dinner is difficult, try preparing some things in advance. Try preparing any required sauces, prepping vegetables, or marinating meats the evening before the meal will be cooked. This will help you to feel less stressed when you have to cook the following day.

One of the most important things every cook needs is a well organized kitchen. If you do not organize them, you will be scrambling around to find where you put everything. You may find it beneficial to group similar items together. Try utilizing a spice cabinet to keep all your spices in one spot.

Do not forget to replace your spices twice a year. If the spices are too old, they are going to lose a good bit of their flavor. When you know you’re not going to be using a spice for a long time, give it away to someone in your family or to a friend before it loses its flavor.

TIP! Add chicken broth to vegetables when you cook them. It will keep veggies from getting stuck to the bottom of the pan and add a little flavor.

Learning how to cook an amazing meal will help you throughout your life, whether it’s to impress a date or your boss. All over the world, people eat their meals with family and friends. This article will put you in the right path to becoming a great cook.


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Showing posts from April, 2018

WALK 'N' SNIFF: Summer 2017 Candles (Rattan/Basket Weave & Letterbox Candles)

Finally, after weeks of waiting, I got to sniff these summer candles

My general first impression? Eh, not bad
I like the look of both collections and they both certainly get you in the summer mood. That said, I'm not one of those Basic Bs who only buy candles for the packaging; I am 100% all about the scents. Speaking of the scents, there are some hits and definitely some misses and mostly repackages (surprise surprise). That being said, let's get on with the review. And as usual, I'm only gonna talk about the "new" stuff.
Sun-washed Citrus (8086M8A1) - So everyone, myself included, assumed that this was a straightup repackage of the overly repeated Capri Citron/Pomelo Citron. However it surprisingly isn't but it's similar. There's a lemon peel note as well as a sweet drippy syrup vibe but that's where the similarities end. The notes mention pineapples...I guess? I do get a melange of other unmentioned tropical fruit notes like papaya or guava; tho…

WALK 'N' SNIFF: Mother's Day Candle Collection

For 2 weeks I've seen folks post on social media that their stores had these (and other candles) and like a fool, I'd pop in for a sniff only to see nothing new but rather the same ol crap. I felt like I was the only person in the U.S. that hadn't sniffed them. And asking folks on social media about what new scents smell like is like pulling teeth; why is it that the folks who "bad at describing scents" and have zero scent memory are the ones who always seem to have early access to newness?! I had to sniff these bad bois for myself. Plus quite a few folks have asked me what my opinions were of these candles and all I could say is "dunno" So I called one store to inquire about them..they had them but were putting them out (last) Sunday. Called another store..they had them but weren't allowed to sell them until today..after the sale of course..cuz folks are gonna bombard to the store to buy …

NEWNESS UPDATE: Late Spring 2018 Test Scents *UPDATED*

So apparently BBW got the memo; for the first time since maybe 2014, we're actually getting some spring scents. Pictures of the latest round of spring scents have popped on social media; on the one hand, it's a godsend for those of who are seasonal burners and just arent ready for the onslaught of pineapple-mango-coconut summeriness...buut, on the on the other, this latest selection of spring scents aren't very exciting with only a few seeming somewhat interesting.

So the first collection has wrap around labels with painted flowers, birds and bugs

Honeysuckle & Freesia - Garden Honeysuckle, Sugared Citrus Zest, Freesia Petals (no word if this same Honeysuckle/Honeysuckle Bouquet we always see)

Golden Jasmine - Jasmine Blossoms, Sweet Amber, Pomelo Grapefruit (last spring's White Jasmine candle?)

Returning scents including Watermelon Lemonade and French Lavender

The second part of this collection has a mix of floral wallpaper-esque and pastel paint swiped wraparound l…


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Tag Archives: travel Star Wars

Star Wars: Secrets of the Empire VR experience

If your an avid Star Wars fan, you’d probably aware that the travelling VR experience The VOID came to London’s Westfield shopping centre earlier this year. What you probably don’t know is that it’s last few days fell when our team were in London visiting an exhibition ?.

I’m not going to pretend to know much about Star Wars, I’ve seen the films once or twice and that’s where it ends. However a few people with me were big fans. Tickets were sold out with only a small number available on the door, through some impressive skills we managed to talk our way into 5 tickets!

Starwars VR

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Contact Shinybox

  • Shinybox
    16915 SE 272nd St, Ste 100-220
    Covington , WA 98042
  • +1-206-409-6896

ShinyBox is a one-man custom microphone shop. Proprietor Jon Ulrigg hand-builds ribbon microphones using parts sourced from around the world.

His ShinyBox 46 is a passive large-geometry ribbon that has been in a state of constant improvement, with new materials, components, and techniques being incorporated following extensive ongoing research and development.

Ulrigg currently offers three flavors of the mic: with a custom-wound transformer, a Cinemag transformer, or a Lundahl transformer.

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Agricultural Study Can Be Your Online Education for Career

The majority of citizens resides in rural regions and follows different livelihood choices in the agricultural industry. The entire land area in the country is currently 30 million hectares out of which 47 percent is below agriculture. Prime agricultural lands are situated around the key urban and higher population density areas.

The agricultural industry is split into four sub-sectors comprising of farming, fisheries, livestock, and forestry. This has caused a rise in awareness of agricultural research. Get the best professional agricultural study online from various online sites.

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The agricultural land in the nation is a combination of small, medium and massive farms. Average farm size is approximately 2 hectares that are normally owned and handled by single family units and vary in the subsistence into the industrial creation.

The normal farming system comprises harvest yields such as corn, rice, and coconut as an ordinary base and also contains a couple of heads of poultry and livestock.

Because of these current conditions, a need has been believed to impart knowledge concerning the many agricultural practices and the newest tendencies being followed across the world. This gave birth to the Agriculture Colleges, a few of which are possessed by the nation.

These colleges in the nation are regarded as the very best concerning infrastructure, the school and the standard of schooling.

Currently, the school offers 13 under-graduate classes, 2-year computer training course, and 2-year class in agricultural engineering, agricultural science high school, and grad colleges for three masters and three doctoral levels.

College of Agriculture is a distinctive mixture of energetic field work along with the creation of the liberal arts. The primary thrust of this school is on Education, Research, Extension, and Production.

Aside from the aforementioned educational institutions, in addition, there are numerous other state-sponsored Faculties which provide instruction on different aspects of agriculture. The majority of the schools are connected with a few overseas college and associations which offer invaluable inputs on a regular basis.


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REO Pro - Real Estate Default Professionals

America's Largest Social Network for Default Real Estate Professionals

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Financial Gurus Still Believe Rental Property Is a Safe Investment

(Investment Properties: Part 3 of 5)

The record low interest rates for mortgages have helped the real estate market to slowly improve month by month for the last several quarters. Thanks to these low rates real estate has continued to be a sound investment for people who wish to diversify their portfolio. For those people that are considering buying their first investment property here are some considerations to keep in mind.

Neighborhood History

It is wise to pick areas that are accustomed to rental homes. One of the most obvious choices would be neighborhoods close to a major university or college. If there are no colleges or universities in your area then look for certain neighborhoods close to quality schools. Schools often attract stable, hardworking tenants that will likely pay on time.

Understanding the Role of Landlord

There are two major ways to prosper from owning rental property. The first is to buy the home at a significant discount and then sell the place at a profit after the home has appreciated. The second way is to have positive cash flow. The second method takes considerable planning. Just because the tenant is willing to pay more per month than the actual mortgage payment, it does not mean that the home is profitable. There are other items to consider such as regular maintenance and repairs.

Determining What to Charge in Rent

Appraisers and real estate agents can provide information about rental rates for a certain area. This gives the investor some idea of what can be charged per month. The monthly mortgage amount and allotted figures for maintenance should be subtracted from the rent. There should be at least 15% left over after subtracting the payments and expenses. Otherwise, you run the risk of losing money.

Choosing Tenants

Once you have some interested parties and they seem capable of paying the rent it is time to begin the screening process. Experienced landlords hold fast to the rule of checking out prior landlord references as well as the tenant’s credit file and even a criminal check. The criminal check could spare you from inadvertently leasing to a felon and finding major damage to your home due to a police raid.

Research the Possibility of Using a Rental Management Firm

Some companies specialize in managing properties for investors. These firms will review applications from potential tenants, handle collecting rent payments and, most importantly, take care of the maintenance issues that pop up at the most inopportune times.

For instance, if you get a call in the middle of the day that a toilet is leaking, can you leave work and fix it? If you get a call at 2 am on Saturday morning notifying you of a sudden hole in the roof, are you capable of fixing that problem? Some people have the skills and time to manage these issues, but most people do not. In these instances it is a good idea to use the service of a reputable management firm.

Investment/Rental Properties (5 Part Series)

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Universal Studios Hollywood to use fire in their new marketing

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Retardzone opens storefront location

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McCain’s Wiki entry vandalized

McCain VandalismRepublican Presidential Candidate John McCain’s Wiki entry was defaced today where the war hero’s open dictionary biography was replaced by a one paragraph rant form an Obama supporter. The defacement referred to McCain as a crazy old guy who cheated on his handicapped wife. Continue Reading »

Island paradise for sale – some assembly required

Island for saleHaven’t you ever wanted to move to a tropical island paradise – well if you have a few million dollars there is one in Fiji for sale. The 1 mile long island is for sale, complete with a resort (some assembly required.) I have seen various prices for the island ranging from 20-25 million, but with the recent real estate slump you could probably get it for less.
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Iraq vet tackled and stopped shooter in Las Vegas shooting

Iraq HeroIraq war veteran Justin Lampert, was the first to tackle the shooter at the Las Vegas hotel New York, New York. Cool story, this guy was enjoying himself on vacation and ran towards the guy everyone was running away from.
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Robber shoots and kills accomplice in botched robbery

Robber ThumbPretoria, South Africa –
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Ex marine beats a bear to death with a log when it turned on his kids

Dead BearNorcross resident Christ Everhart took his three boys on their first camping trip to the Chattahoochee National Forest last weekend. There, a 300 pound bear set her sights on their cooler. But when Chrisâ€™ son distracted the wild animal, the bear dropped the cooler and headed for the 6-year-old boy.

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Man to have 33 pound tumor removed from face

Giant Facial Tumor31 Year old Huang Chuncai of China suffers from the world’s most extreme recorded case of neurofibroma, But now doctors in southern China are preparing to carry out an operation the thirty-one-year-old hopes will transform his future.
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SUV vs Compact

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Flamingos are Democrats

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Saturday, July 13, 2013

The Lawyer's World

(Continued from The Ethics Of Conscience

"This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it, or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it."  - Abraham Lincoln, 16th U.S. President, First Inaugural Address

- The lawyers world. Tell me about it.
- "To be crossed in little things, until your spirit is broken," according to de Tocqueville*. Crossing of little things breaks your spirit by forcing you to comply with other peoples expectations, not act on what you know from your own experience is good. That's according to Rousseau. In politics obedient, in personal life apathetic.
- And according to you?
- I'll tell you about what I saw on the bus coming here tonight. In L.A., you ride the bus if you are poor, in fact very poor. Or crazy. Or a tourist who doesn't know better. It is expensive, crowded, and slow.
- Ok. The lower class. And?
- On the bus was seated a middle aged man, clean shaven and wearing a dress shirt.
- Upper class.
- He said to two 12 or 13 year old girls, pressed by the crowd against him, "You're in America now, watch it!"
- They were speaking Spanish.
- Yes.
- And?
- And the passengers, about half immigrants, looked on at this guy, who fixed a smile on his face and locked eyes with anyone who dared look at him, and asked, "Where were you born?"
- What happened?
- The guy standing in the aisle next to me told him he shouldn't be talking that way.
- What did the crazy guy say?
- "Where were you born?" He caught me looking at him, transferred his fixed smile and stare to me, asked me where I was born. I looked back, and he made a sign firing a pistol, extending his fingers toward me. That put his hand near the face of a passenger seated next to him, who swatted the hand away. "You're out of order", the crazy man protested. The other guy didn't reply. No one replied.
- Why are you telling me this story?
- When the lawyers in the government tell you corporations are people and are allowed to bribe government officials as exercise of rights to free speech. When lawyers in the government tell you torture is not torture, secret prisons and midnight abductions, assassinations and stealing your communications all are legal, everyone adjusts.
- The government is the crazy man on the bus in the clean shirt and fixed smile, offending the innocence of childhood, and getting away with it.
- That guy next to him did slap his hand away.
- Yes, he did.
"The Revolution was effected before the war commenced," John Adams, the second president of the United States wrote. "The Revolution was in the hearts and minds of the people . . . This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments and affections of the people was the real American Revolution."
"A revolution without a prior reformation would collapse or become a totalitarian tyranny." - Saul Alinsky, Rules For Radicals

*"It must not be forgotten that it is especially dangerous to enslave men in the minor details of life. For my own part, I should be inclined to think freedom less necessary in great things than in little ones, if it were possible to be secure of the one without possessing the other. Subjection in minor affairs breaks out every day, and is felt by the whole community indiscriminately. It does not drive men to resistance, but it crosses them at every turn, till they are led to surrender the exercise of their will. Thus their spirit is gradually broken and their character enervated; whereas that obedience, which is exacted on a few important but rare occasions, only exhibits servitude at certain intervals, and throws the burden of it upon a small number of men. It is vain to summon a people, which has been rendered so dependent on the central power, to choose from time to time the representatives of that power; this rare and brief exercise of their free choice, however, important it may be, will not prevent them from gradually losing the faculties of thinking, feeling, and acting for themselves, and thus gradually falling below the level of humanity." —Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America


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How To Pick A Good Domain Name For An eCommerce Business?

Choosing a domain name for your ecommerce website is one of the most important decisions you’ll make for your business. Your name is the first piece of your brand users will experience, and serves as a symbolic placeholder for your business in the minds of users.

What’s In a Name?
Well, everything actually. Customers are going to look you up on the Internet before they do any business with you. Your name or online identity is the first point of interaction for your customers. So, it plays an instrumental role in engaging your customers, right from the start.

It Builds Your Brand
Your web address is the first aspect your user will be exposed to. It’s your chance to make a killer first impression. How do you want to be perceived when they first see your name? Do you want to come across as innovative or classy? What about creative or maybe trustworthy? How about all of these? Choosing a great domain name is your chance to build that first impression and etch your name in your user’s mind. A web address that stands out is remembered and helps a great deal with the brand recall.

It Builds Credibility
With the ease of access and the variety of options, a majority of online shoppers will explore the web before making a purchase. If your name is not coming up in these searches, you are losing out on business. Google prefers short domain names and websites that stand out (apart from great and relevant content). A short, relevant and unique domain name will therefore work in your favor.

It Lets You Have A Branded Email
An email id that is relevant and branded automatically established a positive connection with your potential customers. With a branded email id, the chances of your email being read and eliciting an action are higher. A business email id indicates that you take your work seriously and are well invested in it.

Domain Names Are Important – But What Makes A Domain Name Good?
A good domain name can be summed up by the acronym SMS – Simple, Memorable and Short. A domain name is meant to explain who you are, what you do, which industry you belong to. Most importantly, a good domain name is intuitively understood by potential customers. Consider these few factors when making the decision on your domain name:

1. A Domain Name Must Include Your Business Name Or Its Category
Let’s understand this with an example. uses its brand name in its web address while uses its business category in its name. While it is great to have your brand name in the web address as it strengthens brand positioning, category names can prove to be keyword-rich and help with SEO boost.

2. A Domain Name Must Be Free of Irrelevant Words, Characters, Alphabets Or Numbers
The simpler the name, it should be easy for your users to remember it. It should be easy to spell and pronounce. Including hyphens or numbers or extra letters to make it look fancy will cost you business. This point is even more crucial because we have moved into an era of voice search. If virtual assistants such as Siri and Alexa don’t understand a domain name in the first go, it has failed the Radio Test.

3. A Good Domain Name Should Be Less Than 3 Words
Choose a descriptive domain name, but don’t make it a sentence. Instead of going for, be creative and go for

4. A Domain Name Should Not Have Copyrighted Names
If you do not want to get into legal hassles, steer clear of names that are copyrighted by another brand. Search the United States Copyright Office’s online database to ensure that your domain name is safe.

That’s it! None of this is rocket science. All it requires is some serious time and effort and soon you’ll be on your way to registering your ultra-cool domain name. The points we discussed above will help you pick the right name for your online business.


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Friday, August 19, 2011

In the on-going baseline survey conducted by RWECO – (Good Hope Foundation and RIC-NET) in the Rwenzori region; Bubukwanga SubCounty in Bundibugyo District to be specific, monitoring indicates that a number of challenges are frustrating the NAADs project; according to the Chairperson Sub County Farmers Forum Mr. Tibamwenda Smith, limited ownership of the enterprises/project by the farmers, inadequate knowledge on crop growing /animal rearing especially of the improved NAADs reeds,conservativeness of the benefeciaires to grow only traditional crops even though they do not yield much, delayed release of funds/enterprises and out break of crop diseases are some of the challenges frustrating the project.

Mr. Tibamwenda revealed that at times funds/enterprises are released after the planting or rainy season leaving the farmers frustrated especially if had already prepared their gardens.

Commenting on the out break of diseases, Tibamwenda cited banana wilt as the biggest challenge affecting the farmers’ plantantions. He noted that, the Sub County in the finacial year 2000/2009 started a banana plantation as a demonstration site at the sub county premises. The species of banana grown were kitika, gonja,and mpologoma among others.
In 2009, the sub county started harvesting bananas from the garden and would sell them at prices ranging from 5000 to 8000shillings a bunch. The money collected was usaully deposited on the Sub County NAADs account and later used to settle other finacial demands in the sector.
Unfortunately, these good yields have since 2010 been frustrated by banana wilt disease that has since seen all the plants rotting away. Despite the farmers’ efforts to cut down the affected plants, the disease has contiued spreading further and eaten up the whole one hectare banana plantation.
According to Mr. Tibamwenda over 150000 shillings had so far been realized from the sales.

Its worth noting that following the various changes in the implementation of the NAADs project; NAADs phaseI and NAADs phaseII, a number of achievements have been registered ranging from transperancy in the procurement process, and in the selection of benefeciaries as well as enterprises to increased coverage in the number of benefeciaries.

However, there is need for the NAADs project to beef up her interventions in addressing crop diseases least the whole project is frustrated by the same.

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Last updated: 18 June 2018

Download: The Self Under Siege (1993) Lecture 5: Habermas and the Fragile Dignity of Humanity.avi

Transcript: In this lecture I want to discuss one of the most important, ah, philosophers who is still working, ah, still alive. Ah, his work ranges over many areas in, ah, social theory, ah, it ranges in areas of philosophy, linguistics and so on. And that’s Jurgen Habermas. Habermas is one of the last great defenders of rationalism in a period in philosophy in which, ah, rationalism is not held in very high esteem. Ah, in many ways, ah, Habermas is an outgrowth of, ah, one of the figures that we discussed last time, ah, namely Herbert Marcuse, ah, and the Frankfurt School; that would include Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer. Ah, Habermas was in fact, ah, Adorno’s graduate assistant and, ah, so the original project that Jurgen Habermas set himself was to reformulate the kinds of theories being worked on by Marcuse, by Horkheimer and by Adorno. In particular his first venture was to reformulate their distinction between traditional theory – understood as both philosophy and science, both – as opposed to what they called “critical theory”; a theory whose interest was in the emancipation of human beings.

Now this may sound, ah… a little, sort of, “fancy dan”; the whole attempt was an attempt to reformulate Marxism in a setting appropriate for the late 20th Century. So this is a very important school of thinkers of which Habermas is in a way the last and leading exponent. It’s clear, I mean, especially in his later work, that he has moved a considerable distance away from Marxism. That would be obvious, I think, for almost any thinker in the late 20th Century.

Ah, what I want to do is to start and move you through in forty-five minutes from Marcuse’s, ah, rather exuberant, ah, radicalism; his youthful radicalism. I want to move from there through Habermas’ attempt to reformulate that project, while keeping in mind our central theme which is The Self Under Siege. I mean, what was important to Marcuse about social systems was not what would be, ah, important to the average economist which was, ah… you know, maximising utilities, what was important to Marcuse about economies and other things was their effect on the lives of selves; how did they cause the self to be able to construct itself. In other words, how it was the economic and cultural impact of that lived out in human beings and I discussed a whole series of pathologies of both the period in which he wrote and the pathologies that have continued down to the present day.

So that was… Marcuse’s interest was in liberating people from that unnecessary part of life’s suffering… not death… again, I don’t think we can get around that, but there’s a vast difference between living to be 90 and being well educated and fed and relatively healthy and dying at the age of three weeks and be afro with flies in your eyes. There’s a significant difference there, a difference that people have found worth fighting over and worth dying for. So Habermas attempts to reformulate this project. He begins with a distinction that’s central throughout his early work, between labour and what he initially called “interaction”, which I think can safely be called by now “communication”. And his argument was a fundamental argument. He said if you look at the human species, it has fundamental human interests. One is to reproduce its life through labour, in other words through work. That’s a fundamental interest of the human species, you don’t do that one and, sort of, nothing else gets off the ground. It’s a fundamental human interest.

Habermas locates a second fundamental human interest – and this one is… quite different for him – in communication. In other words, in the interest that human beings have – and it’s a deeply seated interest – in communicating with one another. If you think about this, it would be required for everything from any kind of social bonding without which even human life in the anthropological sense wouldn’t be possible and so on. It’s a fundamental interest not just in communication – this is important – but in undistorted and clear communication. That’s our fundamental human interest. Because we have a fundamental human interest in undistorted communication we need to understand what Habermas calls “systematically distorted communication”, and I will be onto that in just a minute.

First I want to briefly lay aside the part of the older critical theory and of Marx that Habermas leaves alone as he reformulates his project. The labour half of the distinction is pretty much left over to the standard economic accounts that grow out of his tradition in the early Habermas. Labour is understood as a kind of monological – or instrumental – endeavour. You know, in other words, it’s an instrumental endeavour driven by the imperatives of efficiency and so on. It’s an instrumental endeavour and he defines it as being monological. He also says about it something that is, sort of, banally true. Ah, he calls it a productive endeavour; it’s the endeavour surrounding production as opposed to those surrounding communication.

Communication is – according to Habermas – by its very nature “dialogic”, okay. And what Habermas wants to locate, because he knows that there are traditional disciplines throughout the history of Western or Indo-Western, Indo-European societies, of Western Civilisation that deal with problems both in the area of labour and communication. As I say, in the area of labour and instrumental reason we have the sciences, and in the area of communication we have the humanities, which are supposed to enlighten us about dialogue; tell us more about how to talk to one another.

For Habermas we really form ourselves as selves in both dimensions, but we could not – for Habermas – possibly become subjects – selves – without the communicative dimension of dialogue. So he would utterly reject, sort of, the empiricist account like David Hume would give, or like Skinner in the more modern period would give, that we could become human simply by looking at patches of blue and listening to pieces of phonetic sounds because for him we become selves in much the way we do for Mead; the great American sociologist, we become selves in our interaction with other selves. In other words, it’s by seeing how other people respond to the things that we say that we cue in on who we are; we may adjust it and so on. I mean this seems to me at one level an obvious point. I mean this seems to me obvious, but you would be surprised; it’s not obvious in philosophy.

Now the most controversial part of the early Habermas’ work is his claim that the human race has a third interest – and of course his whole argument will hinge on this – and that’s the critical interest in emancipation; that the human race really has an interest that’s fundamental. By that he means an interest that’s so important that we need it in order to survive; to free ourselves from both the distortions of instrumental reason and the distortions of what could be called – and will later in his work be called – communicative reason. We need to free ourselves from these distortions. In other words, for the human race to survive, we need to learn to labour more humanely to the extent that we can manage that, and in the focus of his early work – perhaps more important still – we need to be able to communicate with one another freely and clearly and that without doing so our chances of a long survival are not great.

So throughout this work you can see in a way that we have first a reformulation of a kind of Marxian side of the account of human beings in Habermas’ labour part of the distinction. Now for his communication model we have a – what I would call – a hermeneutic base for it. By hermeneutic here, again, I mean interpretive, and the philosopher he discusses; Dilthey and others, where he says the great art of the humanities, if you will, the way they further communication is through the interpretation of texts. And I’ll be talking a lot today about the interpretation of texts, because in the humanities when you get right down to it that’s what we do. Let me say it in a simple West Texas way: we read books. We read books, we tell our students what they mean, you know, this is what we do for a living.

So don’t let “hermeneutics” throw you because it’s a big word; it means interpretation of texts. Now don’t think this is some “fancy Dan” academic exercise. A lot of people have died because they read a book the wrong way. I want you to think of the history of the world’s great religions. One could write a book called “The History of Heresies” and retitle it “The History of Misreadings That Led to Death”. Now I don’t mean to be cynical; it’s just obvious that reading a book and interpreting it a certain way can get you into a lot of trouble.

Similarly, those familiar with the law know that just any reading of the constitution won’t work. I mean, ah, “congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion”, except if Rick decides – me; if I decide – I want to start a religion of my own that includes, you know, slaughtering innocent babies with Oster knives, in which case my reading of the constitution will lead me into deep trouble. I can support my reading, I mean, the constitution says “no law”; it must mean that. I’ll be literal about it the way that some people are about the bible, I’ll go “no law means no law”, so whatever my religion, be it baby slicing or whatever… but I am afraid that won’t be considered a reasonable reading. In fact I am sure of it, and don’t think that I am suggesting it as a possible religion to any of you out there in the world of video; I am not.

Ah, so this is the field of interpretation, but this is not enough for Habermas to have this field of instrumental reason within which science and technology and human labour advanced the world technologically and this, ah, field of interpretation where humanity advances itself through conversations in an ethical and an aesthetic way. There is a third human interest, and this is of course crucial to his argument because like Marcuse and Adorno and Marx and Freud and Nietzsche and all the people that I have discussed; Sartre, he has a fundamental interest in human liberation. The liberation from unnecessary constraints to our freedom and to our full development. So he wants to show where that interest lies and where does it come from. Well he looks around and he can find only one model and its unsurprisingly Freud, because in a way when you reformulate these things you always, sort of, seem to fall back on the earlier models in one way or another; updated, jazzed up in some way.

So the model he uses for, ah, distorted communication; that corresponds to what Marx called “ideology”. Those remarks that we make that reflect the interests of classes other than the ones we belong to. Those remarks that we make that are shaped by that truism of Marx – to me – which is that in every age, the ruling ideas are the ideas of the ruling classes. That to me is just a truism; it’s not even a theory, and I think any fair reading of philosophy will bear it out. In every age the ruling ideas are the ideas of the ruling classes. I mean if you read the Nicomachean ethics by Aristotle; it has independent interest, but basically it’s a handbook on how good Athenian gentlemen should be good Athenian gentlemen. I mean, that still is interesting, because people today would probably be better off behaving that way, but what they hell, it still shows the ruling interests and so on.

Now according to Habermas, ah, what replaces ideology in his model is what he calls “systematically distorted communication”. Ah, he doesn’t give many examples. This is a really bad habit German philosophers have; is to make complex arguments and then not give you a damn example – one – so you are just lost wondering “what is he talking about?”. Well I think he has in mind blocks between communication, ah, that… for example, ah, you are having a trade union meeting – let’s use Solidarity for an example – that ought to tickle people in America, even though if we had an organisation like Solidarity in America it wouldn’t tickle us, but since it’s over in Poland I think we can praise it. I mean, you know, trade unions… one of the funniest things I ever remember is Reagan praising Solidarity and then I thought: well I wonder how he would like a trade union that large in this country, with those kind of demands… I don’t think he would have been praising it.

But in any case, let’s talk about a dialogue among them, and it doesn’t have to be otherworldly; it can be the kind of dialogue you could have among any trade unionists. Well, you know, it’s a “right to work” state, so we don’t have a chance. Well for Habermas, this falls under the model he wants of systematically distorted communication, because it’s sort of a flat statement, it cuts off debate, you know, and debate needs to go on. Moreover, it passed that famous test of ideology, and that’s when you ask yourself if what you believe is in the interest of other people for you to believe it. In other words, I always suspect a belief, if I hold it, and I go: well, you know, the very powerful would love for me to believe that, maybe I should rethink it, because I don’t know exactly where all my ideas come from. I have an idea that many of them come from the people who control the means and the dissemination of information and communication.

Okay, so he looks for a model where systematically distorted communication is overcome and he finds it in Freud’s practice of symptoms. Of removing symptoms in the situation between an analyst and a patient, and in that situation what you get is not an interpretation. In other words, the patient doesn’t say something and then Freud interpret it, right? The patient just babbles on and on and on and on and on. This is not a normal interpretive situation. There are a couple of differences. Unlike trying to read a text, it’s a situation where the goal is practical. In other words, it’s to cure the person, to stop having the symptom. So it’s got a practical goal. Interpretation frequently will not.

Another difference that, ah, is very important for Habermas is that Freud succeeded – to a certain extent – in developing a practice that did remove blocks to communication. Okay, you have your patient babbling away, sort of, the “talking cure” style of revolution is what we have going here. You have got your patient babbling away and the only way you can bring this analysis to a conclusion is when the therapist intervenes, presents a possible interpretation, but it will not work until what happens? Both parties agree to it. In other words, it won’t be your analysis until you go “Yeah, I keep biting people because…” and then you go “Uh-huh”, and when you and the therapist agree, you have then all the, sort of, confirmation that your previous behaviour and/or communication was distorted. It was distorted.

Now, ah, that’s the model he wants to work with, and he thinks we have an interest in removing these distortions to communication so that we can have what Sydney Greenstreet calls in The Maltese Falcon “Clear speaking and plain understanding”. This is a good; this is something civilisation needs. Well this forces him to another level of argument of course, because if what you want to remove as opposed to ideologies – or if what you want to counter are ideologies – if instead of that, you have reconstructed this as systematically distorted communication, the next question someone may ask you is this: “What in the devil would undistorted communication look like?”

In other words, now you need some kind of account of communication undistorted. The reason is that our communication is nearly always distorted, have you ever noticed that? Take a transcription of any conversation and you’ll notice that there are gaps in it, misspoken words, misunderstandings. The materiality of language is filled with these anomalies and with these mistakes. And I even have to say, along the Freudian dimension, ah, certain sexual jokes and so on… many, sort of, what you would call distortions of communications appear along other dimensions besides just the dimension, ah, that would reflect on human labour for example; many other dimensions get distortions as well.

Habermas here… and this is a bold thing for him to do… I want to point this out. In the late 20th Century, after all I told you was going wrong, and after what looked like the destruction of reason itself in just, you know, in a society of subjects that have become, kind of, humanoids; it is quite a valiant thing to try to defend human reason, you know, in any form and he does try to do so in this limited form. He wants to mark off a sphere of undistorted communication that could serve as the basis for a concept of what he calls “communicative rationality”. Now before we get into that argument, I want to explain why he does that other than what I have already said; other than the reasons internal to his early work.

He wants to do it to untangle the entwinement I talked about last time between enlightened thought and barbaric action that we have seen since the history of modernity. In other words, we have seen on the one hand people making these individually monological instrumental decisions based on instrumental reason leading to these horrible paradoxes, and for Habermas the trick is not, ah, to give up on modern life. It’s not to fall beneath the level of civilisation reached by capitalism. The trick is to disentangle enlightenment from terror, mythology and barbarism; that clearly we haven’t succeeded in doing in the 20th Century.

That’s why I have spent a lot of time in the first four lectures – or some time – discussing the experience of Fascism and its effect on the earlier thinkers we talked about. Because Fascism was the proof that enlightenment and technology had not led to the liberation of human beings as the great philosophers of the enlightenment thought it would. Instead it had led to Dachau, and this was not its destination. This was not… the destination that had been hoped for it. You know, the 19th Century believed in progress. Adorno once cynically remarked “There is no history that leads from slavery to freedom, but there is a history that leads from the slingshot to the megaton bomb”.

So what Habermas wants to do [laughs] is to try to find a way to disentangle the more distorting, barbaric aspects of enlightenment from those that we clearly want to hang onto. In Habermas’ opinion there had been advances in modern life, and I don’t think anybody would dispute this. The advances in modern life include one this simple. It is much better to have a toothache in 1993 than in 1493; that’s simple. Whenever anyone asks me about this, I go: well there’s one. In 1493, a toothache, if it’s bad, you know; impacted, it’s the end of your theoretical work, it may be the end of your life. You get one now, you go to a dentist, that’s better! Not everything that modernity has produced has been a disaster, obviously. I mean this is an obvious point. So the trick then is, as it were to, ah, not throw out the baby with the bathwater… not throw out the advances of modernity when we are in the process of trying to clear up these distorted communication forms, and these distortions to people’s ways of life, okay. That’s the trick.

So there’s a lot riding on his argument concerning systematically distorted communication. Well, Habermas holds – and this is the rationalist thesis, this is the enlightenment part – that the sentences that we utter, even from an early age have, as it were, built into them the desire for consensus; for mutual understanding. That whether you consciously bring it to mind or not, when you speak a sentence it has built into it – if you are following my argument – built into it the desire that you be understood by others. In other words, it has the critical impulse already built into it; that impulse that you communicate with that other person, if they are from a different class, if they are from a different gender, you know, I mean this is difficult; men and women talking, different class, different race, different ethnic group…

When you utter a sentence, Habermas says built into that utterance, into that communication, as one of its conditions is the desire for unconstrained understanding. Now you don’t, when you say “pass me the salt” bring to mind a desire for universal unconstrained understanding, but he thinks that it is built into the structure of languages; the desire to understand one another, the desire to have clear communication. He begins to lay out a series of conditions – which time will force me to just run through very quickly – for such communication. One, and this, of course, is what I like to call the quality provision. Undistorted communication would have a symmetry condition. Truly undistorted communication would have a symmetry condition like this. Everyone would have an equal opportunity to talk and to listen. Everyone would have an equal opportunity to talk and to listen.

Let me try to explain why this is more politically interesting than it sounds. It means everyone has an equal right to command as to obey; that’s a speech act, that’s a communicative act. It means everyone has an equal right to question and to an answer. This symmetry condition has more political power than it seems at first. It is a very egalitarian principle. Habermas believes that we couldn’t have undistorted communication without it. Now again, he doesn’t, but I’ll try to give you some examples to make it understandable. I know as a teacher that it’s an important condition, but it’s impossible to achieve in a classroom under these current social conditions. Because I have the power to grade a child and give him an “F” and keep him out of law school, even if his rich daddy sends me 500 letters. Because I have that power, I can’t expect that student and I to communicate in an undistorted way, because our communication is distorted by my power to judge what the student says.

This is why the people who run operations – bosses – seldom get the undistorted truth about their situation. I also think – being a husband – that its why husbands seldom get the truth about the relationship they have with their wives and their sons and their daughters and so on, because when you are in a relative position of power, the other person is aware of it too, and of their role, and you cannot expect an undistorted communication, one not… and I again, don’t mean personally, but systematically distorted. This is systematically distorted; it’s distorted by relations of unequal power.

If you are to be communicatively rational, everyone has to have the same right to speak and be heard. I also need to give you a real world example of that, and that would be something like the great early meetings of Solidarity. I mean, Lech Walesa recognised people, but anybody could stick their hand up; union member or not. That was when they had crossed the line into a total revolution and Lech Walesa, sure, he was recognising people, but everyone had a right to do that and it wasn’t always him either, even though that was the way it was presented in our media. And that is, while not perfect, and we are not expecting the world ever to be perfect; neither is Habermas. This is a model of communication that is what you would call dialogic; you are dialoguing now, you are not monologuing. You may notice that this is based on a quite ancient idea; it’s a Socratic ideal.

When Socrates argues with an interlocutor he never pulls the argument that, well, I am more powerful than you, so you are wrong. As a matter of a fact one of the charms of Socrates is that he owns almost nothing and has almost no position, and the only force he expects you to recognise is the force that Habermas says is the only force a free human being can ever recognise, and that is that peculiar, strange unforced force of the better argument.

Habermas believes that much in rationality; that we can change our minds if we hear a better argument, and a free person can do that without being ashamed of himself or herself. You know, if you are in a free and equal situation of communication and someone convinces you through a better argument, you go: “Well, I now believe differently”, but not through distortion or anything, but through just that strange force that a person feels when they become convinced. They go “Oh gee… now I agree with that” That is the force that a free human can recognise, according to Habermas.

Okay, another condition, and these are obvious conditions… obvious… I mean, each one can be disputed, and I will discuss philosophers later today who dispute everything I am saying now, but I want to present Habermas’… – since this is one of my main areas – I want to present his position as powerfully as I can. Habermas also thinks that in various dimensions we try to communicate in certain ways. For example, while we do occasionally lie, it belongs – to Habermas – to the structure of, say, instrumental reason in the sciences, that when we contribute to a discussion on that topic; about what’s in the world, what entities there are and how they behave, that we try to make our contribution to the conversation one that is true.

[laughs] Now this is a, sort of, linguistic reformulation of a Kantian postulate, but no, I mean, in a way it’s a piece of good advice, I mean, if I was to say, you know, “How should you talk?”, well, try to be relevant. There’s a relevancy conditional, you know, built into speech. This is… Habermas gets some of this from Grice, and I am adding a little as I go along. Make your contribution to the conversation relevant. So if you are at Lech Walesa’s trade union meeting, don’t start discussing Harrison Ford‘s latest performance compared to Arnold Schwarzenegger; it’s not relevant. So try to be relevant. Two, try to make your contribution one that is true; doesn’t mean you will, but try to. Try to make one that’s true.

Ah, another condition built into what Habermas has now begun to call “the ideal speech situation”… the ideal speech situation… well why ideal? Well, because he realises this is an idealisation; that human beings won’t be able to fully carry this out, but to the extent that we can, we will be engaging in communicative reason. Try to be relevant, try to make your contribution one that’s true, and C, this is obvious to me too; try to make your contribution one that’s sincere. When I think about that I always think about an article written in philosophy, that is a brilliant article that would be praised by all my colleagues, but it ended with the sentence “Oh by the way, I am only joking”. In a way that one sentence would undo the whole article. I mean, it would be like no matter how good the article, someone would go “Well, what a joke, I mean this guy’s a clown…” No, the idea here is that when you contribute to, ah, what’s called a reasoned conversation that we expect – humans expect – a contribution to be a sincere contribution.

[coughs] And let’s see… the final one is a moral condition, and that’s that we expect that you try to make your contributions to language ones that advance the cause of what is right. Now there is no theory here of “right” other than ones you just heard in the communication theory itself. It would be wrong to be insincere; it would be wrong to, you know, lie, it would be wrong to violate the symmetry condition, it would be wrong… and so on. In fact this is a quite thin moral theory but come to think of it, when we tell our children: “Look, you ought to do this”, what stands behind our “ought” is something implicit in language. Namely, that our children can depend on us sincerely telling them a moral truth. This is what before… you know, earlier I said we don’t learn our moral theories from philosophers, I didn’t mean in this sense Habermas is talking about because we do learn it in this sense. Habermas means that when mothers tell their children or fathers “Don’t lie”, they mean it; it’s not distorted. They mean “Don’t lie”, or don’t whatever. This is the ethical, as it were, dimension of language.

Now he doesn’t want to confuse these various spheres, they all interplay in language, but for Habermas – and this is a tradition that goes back to Kant – these each represent different practical areas: science, morality, art, and even religion all represent different value spheres. Each one will have certain conditions that will be much more important in it than in others. In the scientific sphere truth conditions will be most important. In the ethical sphere the conditions for what we ought to call “rightness” or how one ought to behave will be most important. In the aesthetic sphere sincerity conditions – Habermas says – are important, mainly because he wants everything to fit. I am not sure that’s true about beauty or not, I am not sure we want the beautiful to also… our communication about it maybe shouldn’t even be sincere, but these things need to fit, this is a German theory; it needs to fit. [crowd laughter]

Okay, ah, well, it looks like we have replaced Marx now by ignoring the economy, which wouldn’t please any of the coal miners in West Virginia [laughs]. Tried to replace it as a way of understanding ourselves in the world, and we have traded in the class struggle, which Marx took to be the, ah, driving force of history for Freud’s talking cure. Well there are some obvious, ah, criticisms raised by Young Turks like myself in the early phase of his work; namely that the class struggle is not, ah, psychoanalysis writ large. The reason it’s not is because workers have every reason to believe that their bosses are not prepared to engage in a process of undistorted communication with them.

Now a patient may believe about his analyst – or her analyst – that they are prepared to, especially at those rates. As Freud said, if you don’t pay you don’t get better. But at those rates… ah, you know, you could expect some sincerity and some give and take, but we have no reason to believe the class struggle is a kind of psychoanalysis writ large or that the struggle of human beings over ethnicity, or that the struggle of women to find dignity and equality is some kind of [psycho]analytic process writ large.

Habermas is aware of these objections and responds to them in several ways. The one that bothers him the most is the following; that his model is elitist. His model of communicative reason, which I have counterposed to all these pathologies to which it is addressed. When I mentioned all those pathologies that the young people I know have and, ah, you know, anomie; in other words meaninglessness and anxiety, dread and so on. We mentioned all of those, well those are systematic distortions of communication that come out in the way they talk and interact and the theories addressed at those.

But here is the problem. It’s not just that this doesn’t reconstruct Marxism – which is of little interest if its not a true and interesting theory of the present age – the deeper problem is that it looks like an elitist theory; it looks like a theory that trades Marx’s analysis of society as a giant factory for an analysis by Habermas of society as a giant seminar room. Have you noticed how all these conditions are the ones that ought to hold in a seminar? Everybody in a seminar should be relevant, concise, sincere, and make their contributions true, and it’s not lost on any of Habermas’ critics that he spent his whole adult life as a professor [crowd laughter].

So this is… now. I don’t want to just stomp on him with one of these West Texas ad hominem arguments here. Habermas responds in a way quite movingly to this objection. He says you have missed the point because what I am talking about in communicative rationality is a process of enlightenment that includes all; janitors, cooks, everybody. It includes us. It includes everyone, so we have missed its universality, but more importantly – and I think that this is a beautiful quotation from Habermas – he says “In a process of enlightenment there can only be participants”. No analyst and patient. So in that way the model was misleading originally. No Lech Walesa and the Led, no Clinton and the Clintonians, no Ross Perot and “United We Stand America“. In a true process of enlightenment there can only be participants. Now that… stated that way, Habermas’ communication theory looks like a linguistic variant of anarchism, and I like it [crowd laughter]. Because it means that everybody gets a chance to talk; I enjoy that.

So, ah, now let me, in the time remaining to me here, let me move a little further along to how he has reformulated the theory; and he has had to under the force of various objections. Ah, and they have come from all kinds of people. I gave you the Marxist style objections, but hermeneutic – or interpretive – people in the humanities didn’t like his account of the humanities as limited either. In other words they didn’t like that account as limited to a single interest because they pointed out something that’s come up in here several times, and that’s that the sciences are also interpretive. And they went look, the work of interpretation isn’t just for us humanists, but everybody interprets. I mean, it was Galileo that said that the world was like this giant text and mathematics was its language. Well the analogy of the world as a text is one that’s very familiar to scientists; to read, as it were, and interpret is not something that is limited to books alone.

Interpretation, in fact, may be one of the fundamental conditions for selfhood. One of the problems of the current situation, with what I have called previously “information overload” and complexity may be the difficulty that it gives us in interpreting everyday life situations. Because everyone whether they know it or not is always already an interpreter. When you stop at a stop sign, you have interpreted something already. Now you have done that without too much interpretive work. Red – in our country – means not only commie, it also means stop. You know, I mean, red means commie – to me means commie anarchist hippie type scum – but it’s also – when it is a light – means stop.

Ah, acts of interpretation go on constantly all around us in all forms of conversation… as it were, in our encounter with the world itself. We see some smoke down the road; we have to interpret: “Is it a wreck? Do I need to go another way?”. Ah, people who have lived together a long time and think know each other well are still constant interpreters. My wife will see a certain look on my face and it’s interpreted, and I don’t think correctly, but she just goes… and then we are off on something, you know?

I mean, this shows the ubiquity of interpretation in human life. I mean, in a certain way, one of the characteristics of what the self is, and one of the reasons it’s under siege, is we are interpretative beings. And now, by the late 20th century, we are in a situation where interpretation has never been more difficult. Never been more difficult. One can… I mean, I can name artefacts that we have developed technologically that are almost completely closed to interpretation, and I’ll name one – although we attempt to interpret it – television.

Television tries to interpret itself to us, bypassing the upper brain functions and directly feeding into our minds. This is why I said – off camera between classes – that Orwell was a pie-eyed optimist. 1984 arrived in sort of the early 70’s, and, ah… Orwell’s vision of a horrible future which was a boot stomping on a human face forever is a utopian image because he assumed there would be a resistance and human faces; both of which may turn out to be false. So, I mean, 1984 is not a book that scares me… anymore. I mean, it’s… again, last time I outrageously said that Herbert Marcuse was the Norman Vincent Peale of the 60’s, and now this time I have been forced to say that Orwell was an optimist… you know… it’s sort of my corollary to his little cautionary tale.

Well, in the face of all this, I think that the tribute I want to pay to Habermas and what interested me about Habermas’ work was to try to defend reason in spite of all of these things that I have said. You may notice that I gave an account of cynical reason, but I didn’t give you an account of how I might stand vis-a-vis it, and I have said a lot of cynical things. Well, what I admire in Habermas is the attempt – without being a complete idiot – to try to develop an account of reason that runs against cynical reason. It does say to us we can speak to one another, we can have processes of enlightenment, we can learn to say what is true to one another.

Now, it is true that this is endangered in ways that he didn’t discuss in his early work which he does discuss in his later. His later work, especially a very large book called, ah, “The Theory of Communicative Action“. Ah, Habermas once again returns to the attempt of defending his idea of communicative reason and he adds many more problems to it. First he recognises something that I have already pointed out; which I think he always recognised, but again, in typically German intellectual fashion he needed time to write a 4000 page book on it. In my book when I gave an account of his book, I did it in 31 pages, and people said “Well, that’s too short” and I went “No it’s not; his is too long”.

But he realises by the time of his mature work that money and power as abstract systems distort our everyday life and the ways we talk, and that those systems will have to be, as it were, harmonised before we will be in a position within which it will really be possible to speak to one another face-to-face. And I hate to be quasi-theological but perhaps if we could do that then we wouldn’t “see through a glass darkly”, you know. Maybe then we would have a way to find our way out of this dilemma which I have called this terrible entwinement of enlightenment and terror, barbarism and myth, and if nothing else, Habermas’ project offers us one powerful voice that argues that such a possibility exists, and so for that if nothing else I think he deserves a lot of credit. Ah, thank you very much, that’s Habermas in a nutshell, very short one. Thank you. [applause]


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Has your life ever dramatically changed due to a life-threatening diagnosis or debilitating injury or maybe you are the family, parent, sibling or friend of someone who is currently affected? If so, do you sometimes feel like you are powerless? ...like you are all alone and no one can relate? or offer the support you need? You are not alone, I can relate, each of my family members, friends and many more can too. We understand your feelings and our hearts goes out to you. We are here to assist in any step of the process.

The truth is, there are more (Hospital Alumni) cancer survivors then ever before, thanks to medicine and efforts of other valuable non-profits. There are many of us who have experienced a traumatic event or are close to someone who is and we have all felt alone and misunderstood at one point, as a defense mechanism we usually resist telling others about our feelings and thoughts. I purposefully never talked about my experience for over 10 years because I didn't like the pity I received, all I wanted was answers and recognition. My relationships suffered due to these feeling and lack of communication, but as I express myself the stronger I re-establish the bonds with my family and friends.
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