Smart Grid: Overview, Issues and Opportunities. Advances and Challenges in Sensing, Modeling, Simulation, Optimization and Control
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paper_title: Voltage stability conditions considering load characteristics

paper_content:

It is shown that when the characteristic of the composite load of a typical utility system is taken into account, large disturbance voltage stability is assured by the existence of the stable equilibrium state of the post-disturbance system, as determined from the standard power flow model. When the load contains static components, stability limits extend considerably. The exact limit for such loads can also be determined from a power flow model, properly modified to reflect the static component of the load. In specific situations, where the bulk of the load is composed of fast response loads, a correct assessment of voltage stability would require comprehensive analyses, employing detailed dynamic models of all system components. The use of the conventional power flow model may lead to considerable error. >
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paper_title: Classification and Identification of Power System Emergencies

paper_content:

Detection and identification of a power system emergency is necessary to fully use the capability of controls to mitigate the emergency. This paper describes a design methodology for a power system local detector based upon control requirements, as well as a power system emergency classification scheme and an extension of earlier operating state models. The new scheme for classifying and detecting emergencies has been useful for developing emergency operating state controls.
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paper_title: Power system voltage stability

paper_content:

Voltage stability is a major concern in the planning and operation of electric power systems. This book provides a clear, in-depth explanation of voltage stability, covering both transient and longer-term phenomena and presenting proven solutions to instability problems. The book describes equipment characteristics for transmission, generation, and distribution/load subsystems of a power system, together with methods for the modelling of equipment. Readers will find static and dynamic computer simulation examples for small equivalent power systems and for a very large power system, plus an account of voltage stability associated with HVDC links. They will also get helpful planning and operating guidelines, computer methods for power flow and dynamic simulation, and descriptions of actual voltage instability incidents.
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paper_title: North America's electricity infrastructure: are we ready for more perfect storms?

paper_content:

With the tragic events of 9/11 permanently etched in our minds, the massive 14 August power outage evoked eerie reminders of what shook our world 2 years ago. While preliminary reports indicate that there was no apparent evidence of terrorism, the cascading blackouts were a sudden illumination of our electricity infrastructure's vulnerable condition. This infrastructure affects us all - are we prepared for future storms?.
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paper_title: Transient stability of power systems: Theory and practice

paper_content:

The transient stability of power systems is an extremely intricate and highly nonlinear problem. Traditionally confined to the planning and design of power systems, transient stability studies are now increasingly important in operational planning and real-time operation. This comprehensive text: provides the reader with an in-depth account of the transient stability problem, its physical description, its theoretical formulation and assessment; discusses issues of practical interest; in particular, synchronous machine and load modeling, evaluation of machine parameters and saturation effects, tools to improve stability; provides an extensive coverage of both conventional and nonconventional methods of analysis; practical examples and simulation results illustrate the range of techniques available; includes three appendices that incorporate the per-unit system, equivalent circuit parameters, and excitation systems. Written by two experts in the field, this self-contained book will appeal to practicing power system engineers and planners. The text is also ideal for professionals and advanced students in electrical and electronic engineering and computer science, who require a comprehensive introduction to the problem of power system transient stability.
---
paper_title: Classification and Identification of Power System Emergencies

paper_content:

Detection and identification of a power system emergency is necessary to fully use the capability of controls to mitigate the emergency. This paper describes a design methodology for a power system local detector based upon control requirements, as well as a power system emergency classification scheme and an extension of earlier operating state models. The new scheme for classifying and detecting emergencies has been useful for developing emergency operating state controls.
---
paper_title: The Electric Power Grid: Today and Tomorrow

paper_content:

Abcd... Micropower Abstract In the coming decades, electricity's share of total global energy is expected to continue to grow, and more intelligent processes will be introduced into the electric power delivery (transmission and distribution) networks. It is envisioned that the electric power grid will move from an electrome- chanically controlled system to an electronically controlled network in the next two decades. A key challenge is how to redesign, retrofit, and upgrade the existing electromechanically controlled sys - tem into a smart self-healing grid that is driven by a well-designed market approach. Revolutionary developments in both information technology and materials science and engineering promise sig- nificant improvements in the security, reliability, efficiency, and cost effectiveness of electric power delivery systems. Focus areas in materials and devices include sensors, smart materials and struc- tures, microfabrication, nanotechnology, advanced materials, and smart devices.
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paper_title: Information Security for Electric Power Utilities (EPUs)—CIGRÉ Developments on Frameworks, Risk Assessment, and Technology

paper_content:

This paper deals with the important issue of proper treatment of information security for electric power utilities. It is based on the efforts of CIGRE Working Group (WG) D2.22 on ldquoTreatment of Information Security for Electric Power Utilities (EPUs)rdquo carried out between 2006 and 2008/2009. The WG produces a Technical Brochure (TB), where the purpose is to emphasize three main issues: security frameworks, risk assessment, and security technology. Here, guidance is given on different security frameworks based on an information security domain model. Also, baseline controls are treated. For risk assessment, a survey has been carried out. Only few commonalities, but several differences, have been found. Here, a methodology must be developed together with practical recommendations. For security technologies, guidance is given for deployment of different solutions, based on a logical diagram using different controls. Last, proposal on further work is given.
---
paper_title: The Electric Power Grid: Today and Tomorrow

paper_content:

Abcd... Micropower Abstract In the coming decades, electricity's share of total global energy is expected to continue to grow, and more intelligent processes will be introduced into the electric power delivery (transmission and distribution) networks. It is envisioned that the electric power grid will move from an electrome- chanically controlled system to an electronically controlled network in the next two decades. A key challenge is how to redesign, retrofit, and upgrade the existing electromechanically controlled sys - tem into a smart self-healing grid that is driven by a well-designed market approach. Revolutionary developments in both information technology and materials science and engineering promise sig- nificant improvements in the security, reliability, efficiency, and cost effectiveness of electric power delivery systems. Focus areas in materials and devices include sensors, smart materials and struc- tures, microfabrication, nanotechnology, advanced materials, and smart devices.
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Title: Smart Grid: Overview, Issues and Opportunities. Advances and Challenges in Sensing, Modeling, Simulation, Optimization and Control

Section 1: Focus
Description 1: Provide an introduction to electric power systems, the evolution of the electric power grids, the concept of smart grids, and the control systems required for their implementation.

Section 2: Synopsis
Description 2: Summarize recent policies, technological innovations, and investments in smart grid technologies across various regions and their potential impact.

Section 3: Data Tsunami Developing: Opportunities for the CSS
Description 3: Discuss the increase in data generation due to advanced IT, communications, and control systems and the ensuing challenges and opportunities for the control systems community.

Section 4: Overview/Summary of this presentation:
Description 4: Summarize key points of the paper regarding the complexity of electric power networks and the contributions of the control systems community in addressing emerging challenges.

Section 5: Background: Historical Perspective
Description 5: Provide a historical overview of the evolution of the electric power system, its growing role in society, and the implications for modern infrastructure.

Section 6: The "Grid"
Description 6: Describe the components and structure of the electric power grid, including transmission, sub-transmission, and distribution networks, and their operational states.

Section 7: An Increasingly Stressed Infrastructure
Description 7: Analyze the current state of the electric grid, including trends in outages and infrastructure stress, and discuss the implications for future reliability.

Section 8: Pathways Forward: Costs/Benefits of Full Deployment of Stronger and Smarter Grids
Description 8: Discuss the costs and benefits of fully implementing smart grid technologies and their potential for driving economic growth and addressing security needs.

Section 9: Physical
Description 9: Address the physical threats to the electric power grid and the challenges of protecting extensive infrastructure.

Section 10: Cyber
Description 10: Examine the increasing threat of cyber attacks on electric power systems and the need for robust cybersecurity measures.

Section 11: Layered Security
Description 11: Discuss the implementation of layered security (defense-in-depth) to protect electric infrastructure from physical and cyber threats.

Section 12: Deception
Description 12: Explain the role of deception techniques in enhancing the security of control systems within the smart grid.

Section 13: Vulnerabilities
Description 13: Identify vulnerabilities associated with advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and the necessity for comprehensive security measures.

Section 14: Security Needs
Description 14: Outline the essential security features and privacy laws required to protect smart grid infrastructure and consumer data.

Section 15: Current Security Initiatives
Description 15: Summarize the security initiatives and frameworks developed to enhance the security and reliability of the nation's electric grid.

Section 16: Research and Development Needs
Description 16: Highlight the areas of research and development required to improve the security, reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of critical infrastructures, including advanced technologies.

Section 17: An Example of a Smart Infrastructure
Description 17: Provide an example of a smart infrastructure project, such as the I-35W Bridge, to illustrate the integration of sensor networks and advanced technologies for proactive infrastructure management.