A Survey on Context-aware Web Service Systems
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paper_title: Context-aware office assistant

paper_content:

This paper describes the design and implementation of the Office Assistant — an agent that interacts with visitors at the office door and manages the office owner's schedule. We claim that rich context information about users is key to making a flexible and believable interaction. We also argue that natural face-to-face conversation is an appropriate metaphor for human-computer interaction.
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paper_title: A Survey on Context-aware systems

paper_content:

Context-aware systems offer entirely new opportunities for application developers and for end users by gathering context data and adapting systems behaviour accordingly. Especially in combination with mobile devices, these mechanisms are of high value and are used to increase usability tremendously. In this paper, we present common architecture principles of context-aware systems and derive a layered conceptual design framework to explain the different elements common to most context-aware architectures. Based on these design principles, we introduce various existing context-aware systems focusing on context-aware middleware and frameworks, which ease the development of context-aware applications. We discuss various approaches and analyse important aspects in context-aware computing on the basis of the presented systems.
---
paper_title: Middleware for Distributed Context-Aware Systems ⋆

paper_content:

Context-aware systems represent extremely complex and heterogeneous distributed systems, composed of sensors, actuators, application components, and a variety of context processing components that manage the flow of context information between the sensors/actuators and applications. The need for middleware to seamlessly bind these components together is well recognised. Numerous attempts to build middleware or infrastructure for context-aware systems have been made, but these have provided only partial solutions; for instance, most have not adequately addressed issues such as mobility, fault tolerance or privacy. One of the goals of this paper is to provide an analysis of the requirements of a middleware for context-aware systems, drawing from both traditional distributed system goals and our experiences with developing context-aware applications. The paper also provides a critical review of several middleware solutions, followed by a comprehensive discussion of our own PACE middleware. Finally, it provides a comparison of our solution with the previous work, highlighting both the advantages of our middleware and important topics for future research.
---
paper_title: A Survey of Context-Aware Mobile Computing Research

paper_content:

Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information (such as user location, time of day, nearby people and devices, and user activity). Since it was proposed about a decade ago, many researchers have studied this topic and built several context-aware applications to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technology. Context-aware applications (or the system infrastructure to support them), however, have never been widely available to everyday users. In this survey of research on context-aware systems and applications, we looked in depth at the types of context used and models of context information, at systems that support collecting and disseminating context, and at applications that adapt to the changing context. Through this survey, it is clear that context-aware research is an old but rich area for research. The difficulties and possible solutions we outline serve as guidance for researchers hoping to make context-aware computing a reality.
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paper_title: Understanding and Using Context Personal and Ubiquitous Computing Journal

paper_content:

A combined system of printing presses and a plurality of collators. Each of the collators assembles a freshly printed signature from the printing press with at least one preprinted signature. Each collator includes a plurality of hoppers for receiving signatures and means for feeding the signatures individually from the hoppers and for collating the signatures fed from the hoppers. A conveying system is provided for selectively either directing a stream of signatures from each of the respective printing presses to one respective hopper of each of the collators or directing a stream of signatures from either press to both of the one hoppers of both collators.
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paper_title: Context sharing platform

paper_content:

When a ubiquitous society is realized, various types of sensors will be ubiquitous in the real world. The sensors will enable us to obtain information concerning the state of people, objects and environment (context). Theimportance of "context-aware services" that provide services to users according to their context information is increasing. By sharing context obtained by sensors set up by various types business, a new service that utilizes context information can be created. NEC is conducting research and development of context sharing technology to enable various types of businesses to share context. A context sharing platform is a system that incorporates context sharing technology.
---
paper_title: Flexible Middleware Support for Future Mobile Services and Their Context-Aware Adaptation

paper_content:

This paper presents a flexible peer-to-peer-based middleware for future user-centric mobile telecommunication services, which supports key functionalities needed to address personalization, adaptation and coordination of services running on top of it. The underlying communication pattern is based on dynamic negotiation that enables interworking of autonomous decentralized entities in a rapidly changing and open environment. This paper focuses on the middleware’s support for context-aware adaptation of a multimedia service for mobile users. Service adaptation takes into account both user preferences and contextual changes to modify the service behavior and contents. The middleware implementation is based on JXTA extended by a mobile agent platform and is deployable on a range of mobile devices including mobile phones and PDAs.
---
paper_title: A Survey of Context-Aware Mobile Computing Research

paper_content:

Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information (such as user location, time of day, nearby people and devices, and user activity). Since it was proposed about a decade ago, many researchers have studied this topic and built several context-aware applications to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technology. Context-aware applications (or the system infrastructure to support them), however, have never been widely available to everyday users. In this survey of research on context-aware systems and applications, we looked in depth at the types of context used and models of context information, at systems that support collecting and disseminating context, and at applications that adapt to the changing context. Through this survey, it is clear that context-aware research is an old but rich area for research. The difficulties and possible solutions we outline serve as guidance for researchers hoping to make context-aware computing a reality.
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paper_title: A service-oriented middleware for building context-aware

paper_content:

The advancement of wireless networks and mobile computing necessitates more advanced applications and services to be built with context-awareness enabled and adaptability to their changing contexts. Today, building context-aware services is a complex task due to the lack of an adequate infrastructure support in pervasive computing environments. In this article, we propose a Service-Oriented Context-Aware Middleware (SOCAM) architecture for the building and rapid prototyping of context-aware services. It provides efficient support for acquiring, discovering, interpreting and accessing various contexts to build context-aware services. We also propose a formal context model based on ontology using Web Ontology Language to address issues including semantic representation, context reasoning, context classification and dependency. We describe our context model and the middleware architecture, and present a performance study for our prototype in a smart home environment.
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paper_title: CAMUS: a middleware supporting context-aware services for network-based robots

paper_content:

A URC (ubiquitous robotic companion) is a concept for a network-based service robot. It allows the service robot to extend its functions and services by utilizing external sensor networks and remote computing servers. It also provides the robot's services at any time and any place. The URC requires not only the hardware infrastructure such as ubiquitous networks or sensor networks and high-performance computing servers but also the software infrastructure which resides above the hardware infrastructure. In this paper, authors introduce the CAMUS (context-aware middleware for URC system) as a part of the software infrastructure, which is a system middleware to support context-aware services for network-based robots. The CAMUS is based on the CORBA technology. It provides the common data model for different types of context information from external sensors, applications and users in the environment. It also offers the software framework to acquire, interpret and disseminate context information. PLUE (Programming Language for Ubiquitous Environment) is proposed to describe context-aware services for robots.
---
paper_title: Middleware for Distributed Context-Aware Systems ⋆

paper_content:

Context-aware systems represent extremely complex and heterogeneous distributed systems, composed of sensors, actuators, application components, and a variety of context processing components that manage the flow of context information between the sensors/actuators and applications. The need for middleware to seamlessly bind these components together is well recognised. Numerous attempts to build middleware or infrastructure for context-aware systems have been made, but these have provided only partial solutions; for instance, most have not adequately addressed issues such as mobility, fault tolerance or privacy. One of the goals of this paper is to provide an analysis of the requirements of a middleware for context-aware systems, drawing from both traditional distributed system goals and our experiences with developing context-aware applications. The paper also provides a critical review of several middleware solutions, followed by a comprehensive discussion of our own PACE middleware. Finally, it provides a comparison of our solution with the previous work, highlighting both the advantages of our middleware and important topics for future research.
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paper_title: The Java Context Awareness Framework (JCAF) - A Service Infrastructure and Programming Framework for Context-Aware Applications

paper_content:

Context-awareness is a key concept in ubiquitous computing. But to avoid developing dedicated context-awareness sub-systems for specific application areas there is a need for more generic programming frameworks. Such frameworks can help the programmer develop and deploy context-aware applications faster. This paper describes the Java Context-Awareness Framework – JCAF, which is a Java-based context-awareness infrastructure and programming API for creating context-aware computer applications. The paper presents the design goals of JCAF, its runtime architecture, and its programming model. The paper presents some applications of using JCAF in three different applications and discusses lessons learned from using JCAF.
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paper_title: Situated Web Service: Context-Aware Approach to High-Speed Web Service Communication

paper_content:

A framework is proposed to improve Web Service performance based on context-aware communication. Two key ideas are introduced to represent a client context; (1) available protocols that the client can handle, and (2) operation usage that shows how the client uses Web Service operations. We call our context aware approach a Situated Web Service (SiWS). We implemented and evaluated the SiWS and found that the overall performance was improved if more than three Web Services were executed between context changes.
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paper_title: Context-Aware Environment-Role-Based Access Control Model for Web Services

paper_content:

The paper presents a context-aware environment-role-based access control model (CERBAC). Unlike traditional systems where access control has been explored, access decisions may depend on the context in which requests are made. It illustrated how the well-developed notion of roles can be used to capture security relevant context of the environment in which access requests are made. By introducing environment roles, a novel access control framework that incorporates context-based access control it creates. Moreover a architecture is presented that supports security policies that make use of environment roles to control access to resources. Furthermore, it outlines the configuration mechanism needed to apply our model to the Web services environment, and describes the implementation architecture for the system.
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paper_title: A context-aware system based on service-oriented architecture

paper_content:

Advances in mobile devices, sensors and wireless networks have motivated the development of context-aware applications. Such mobile applications use sensors for monitoring several features such as: location, temperature, velocity, weather, traffic jam, noise, air pollution, and so on. This monitoring enables service provision according to a given context. These applications are known as context-aware systems. Context-aware applications are sensible to user necessities, personalized according to his profile, requirements and context. They evaluate user environment and push information that is relevant to user context. In this paper we present Omnipresent, which is a service-oriented architecture for context-aware applications. Omnipresent may be accessed from either mobile devices or Web browsers, and it is based on Web services and well-established standards for LBS applications such as those proposed by the OpenGeoSpatial Consortium. Omnipresent offers several services: map presentation, routing, advertisement, and also works as a reminder tool.
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paper_title: Ubiquitous Provision of Context-Aware Web Services

paper_content:

Providing context-aware Web services refers to an adaptive process of delivering contextually matched Web services to meet service requestersâ€™ needs at the moment. This article presents an ontology-based context model that enables formal description and acquisition of contextual information pertaining to both service requesters and services. The context model is supported by context query and phased acquisition techniques. We also report two context-aware Web services built on top of our context model to demonstrate how the model can be used to facilitate Web services discovery and Web content adaptation. Implementation details of the context elicitation system and the evaluation results of context-aware services provision are also reported.
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paper_title: Model-driven Composition of Context-aware Web Services Using ContextUML and Aspects

paper_content:

Service oriented architectures (SOAs) are constantly gaining ground for the provision of business to business as well as user-centric services, mainly in the form of Web services technology. SOAs enable service providers to design and deploy new,composite service offerings out of existing component services. In order to match end-user expectations with respect to personalization and ease of use, these services should be designed in a manner that allows them to exhibit a certain level of context-awareness which is a basic element towards a richer end-user experience. However, in the majority of such services, context-handling is still tightly coupled with the core functionality of the service, resulting in a design which is difficult to implement and maintain. The paper proposes the decoupling of core service logic from context-related functionality by adopting a model-driven approach based on a modified version of the ContextUML metamodel. Core service logic and context handling are treated as separate concerns at the modeling level as well as in the resulting source code where aspect oriented programming (AOP) encapsulates context-dependent behavior in discrete code modules. The design of a restaurant finder service is used to portray the modified ContextUML metamodel and the service modeling process which is covered in full. Respective code snippets belonging to the executable version of the service (part of work in progress) are also provided, illustrating the transition from model to code and the resulting separation of concerns.
---
paper_title: A Framework for Context-Aware Adaptable Web Services

paper_content:

The trend towards pervasive computing involves an increasing number of ubiquitous, connected devices. As a consequence, the heterogeneity of client capabilities and the number of methods for accessing information services on the Internet also increases. Nevertheless, consumers expect information services to be accessible from all of these devices in a similar fashion. They also expect that information services are aware of their current environment. Generally, this kind of information is called context. More precisely, in our work context constitutes information about consumers and their environment that may be used by Web services to provide consumers a customized and personalized behaviour.
---
paper_title: Using P3P in a web services-based context-aware application platform

paper_content:

This paper describes a proposal for a privacy control architecture to be applied in the WASP project. The WASP project aims to develop a context-aware service platform on top of 3G networks, using web services technology. The proposed privacy control architecture is based on the P3P privacy policy description standard defined by W3C. The paper identifies extensions to P3P and its associated preference expression language APPEL that are needed to operate in a context-aware environment.
---
paper_title: A Survey on Context-aware systems

paper_content:

Context-aware systems offer entirely new opportunities for application developers and for end users by gathering context data and adapting systems behaviour accordingly. Especially in combination with mobile devices, these mechanisms are of high value and are used to increase usability tremendously. In this paper, we present common architecture principles of context-aware systems and derive a layered conceptual design framework to explain the different elements common to most context-aware architectures. Based on these design principles, we introduce various existing context-aware systems focusing on context-aware middleware and frameworks, which ease the development of context-aware applications. We discuss various approaches and analyse important aspects in context-aware computing on the basis of the presented systems.
---
paper_title: A Survey of Context-Aware Mobile Computing Research

paper_content:

Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information (such as user location, time of day, nearby people and devices, and user activity). Since it was proposed about a decade ago, many researchers have studied this topic and built several context-aware applications to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technology. Context-aware applications (or the system infrastructure to support them), however, have never been widely available to everyday users. In this survey of research on context-aware systems and applications, we looked in depth at the types of context used and models of context information, at systems that support collecting and disseminating context, and at applications that adapt to the changing context. Through this survey, it is clear that context-aware research is an old but rich area for research. The difficulties and possible solutions we outline serve as guidance for researchers hoping to make context-aware computing a reality.
---
paper_title: A Survey of Context Adaptation in Autonomic Computing

paper_content:

Autonomic computing (AC) is an emerging paradigm aiming at simplifying the administration of complex computer systems. Efforts required to deploy and maintain complex systems are usually high. Autonomic computing may help to reduce these efforts by allowing administrators to define abstract policies and then enable systems to configure, optimize and maintain themselves according to the specified policies. Context adaptation can be regarded as an enabling technology for future applications in the field of autonomic computing. In this paper we present a survey of past and future secrets of this enabling technology in Autonomic computing.
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paper_title: A data-oriented survey of context models

paper_content:

Context-aware systems are pervading everyday life, therefore context modeling is becoming a relevant issue and an expanding research field. This survey has the goal to provide a comprehensive evaluation framework, allowing application designers to compare context models with respect to a given target application; in particular we stress the analysis of those features which are relevant for the problem of data tailoring. The contribution of this paper is twofold: a general analysis framework for context models and an up-to-date comparison of the most interesting, data-oriented approaches available in the literature.
---
paper_title: Middleware for Distributed Context-Aware Systems ⋆

paper_content:

Context-aware systems represent extremely complex and heterogeneous distributed systems, composed of sensors, actuators, application components, and a variety of context processing components that manage the flow of context information between the sensors/actuators and applications. The need for middleware to seamlessly bind these components together is well recognised. Numerous attempts to build middleware or infrastructure for context-aware systems have been made, but these have provided only partial solutions; for instance, most have not adequately addressed issues such as mobility, fault tolerance or privacy. One of the goals of this paper is to provide an analysis of the requirements of a middleware for context-aware systems, drawing from both traditional distributed system goals and our experiences with developing context-aware applications. The paper also provides a critical review of several middleware solutions, followed by a comprehensive discussion of our own PACE middleware. Finally, it provides a comparison of our solution with the previous work, highlighting both the advantages of our middleware and important topics for future research.
---
paper_title: A Framework for Context-Aware Adaptable Web Services

paper_content:

The trend towards pervasive computing involves an increasing number of ubiquitous, connected devices. As a consequence, the heterogeneity of client capabilities and the number of methods for accessing information services on the Internet also increases. Nevertheless, consumers expect information services to be accessible from all of these devices in a similar fashion. They also expect that information services are aware of their current environment. Generally, this kind of information is called context. More precisely, in our work context constitutes information about consumers and their environment that may be used by Web services to provide consumers a customized and personalized behaviour.
---
paper_title: Putting Context in Context: The Role and Design of Context Management in a Mobility and Adaptation Enabling Middleware

paper_content:

The operating context of mobile applications and services is constantly changing. In order to achieve higher levels of usability, mobile applications and services need to adapt to changes in context. This paper argues the need for adaptation enabling middleware that simplifies the development of context aware adaptive applications, and makes it economically and practically feasible to develop such applications. We claim that the traditional approach of simply providing contextual information to applications and let them handle the adaptation can be ineffective. We suggest a holistic approach where context management is an integral part of a more comprehensive adaptation enabling middleware. This paper describes the role and the design of the context management component in such a middleware architecture. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated in a scenario where proof-of-concept implementations have been developed and evaluated.
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paper_title: An Ontology for Context-Aware Pervasive Computing Environments

paper_content:

This document describes COBRA-ONT, an ontology for supporting pervasive context-aware systems. COBRA-ONT, expressed in the Web Ontology Language OWL, is a collection of ontologies for describing places, agents and events and their associated properties in an intelligent meeting-room domain. This ontology is developed as a part of the Context Broker Architecture (CoBrA), a broker-centric agent architecture that provides knowledge sharing, context reasoning and privacy protection supports for pervasive context-aware systems. We also describe an inference engine for reasoning with information expressed using the COBRA-ONT ontology and the ongoing research in using the DAML-Time ontology for context reasoning.
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paper_title: ContextUML: a UML-based modeling language for model-driven development of context-aware Web services

paper_content:

Context-aware Web services are emerging as a promising technology for the electronic businesses in mobile and pervasive environments. Unfortunately, complex context-aware services are still hard to build. In this paper, we present a modeling language for the model-driven development of context-aware Web services based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Specifically, we show how UML can be used to specify information related to the design of context-aware services. We present the abstract syntax and notation of the language and illustrate its usage using an example service. Our language offers significant design flexibility that considerably simplifies the development of context-aware Web services.
---
paper_title: Model-driven Composition of Context-aware Web Services Using ContextUML and Aspects

paper_content:

Service oriented architectures (SOAs) are constantly gaining ground for the provision of business to business as well as user-centric services, mainly in the form of Web services technology. SOAs enable service providers to design and deploy new,composite service offerings out of existing component services. In order to match end-user expectations with respect to personalization and ease of use, these services should be designed in a manner that allows them to exhibit a certain level of context-awareness which is a basic element towards a richer end-user experience. However, in the majority of such services, context-handling is still tightly coupled with the core functionality of the service, resulting in a design which is difficult to implement and maintain. The paper proposes the decoupling of core service logic from context-related functionality by adopting a model-driven approach based on a modified version of the ContextUML metamodel. Core service logic and context handling are treated as separate concerns at the modeling level as well as in the resulting source code where aspect oriented programming (AOP) encapsulates context-dependent behavior in discrete code modules. The design of a restaurant finder service is used to portray the modified ContextUML metamodel and the service modeling process which is covered in full. Respective code snippets belonging to the executable version of the service (part of work in progress) are also provided, illustrating the transition from model to code and the resulting separation of concerns.
---
paper_title: Flexible Middleware Support for Future Mobile Services and Their Context-Aware Adaptation

paper_content:

This paper presents a flexible peer-to-peer-based middleware for future user-centric mobile telecommunication services, which supports key functionalities needed to address personalization, adaptation and coordination of services running on top of it. The underlying communication pattern is based on dynamic negotiation that enables interworking of autonomous decentralized entities in a rapidly changing and open environment. This paper focuses on the middleware’s support for context-aware adaptation of a multimedia service for mobile users. Service adaptation takes into account both user preferences and contextual changes to modify the service behavior and contents. The middleware implementation is based on JXTA extended by a mobile agent platform and is deployable on a range of mobile devices including mobile phones and PDAs.
---
paper_title: Integrating a Context Model in Web Services

paper_content:

Nowadays, with the great diffusion of mobile technology, and ubiquitous systems, the context has become the ear and the eye of information systems. These systems are more and more based on the usage of Web services. The classical architecture of these services that allows an interoperable interaction between service users and providers does not take in account context adaptation. In this article, we aim to integrate context adaptation within the classical architecture of Web services, adding to it dedicated components that would return to nomadic users a list of Web services that are adapted not only to his profile but also to his context.
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paper_title: Quality of Context: What It Is And Why We Need It

paper_content:

When people interact with each other, they implicitly make use of context information while intuitively deducing and interpreting their actual situation. Compared to humans, IT infrastructures cannot easily take advantage of context information in interactions. Typically, context information has to be provided explicitly. Recently, cellular network operators have been showing interest in offering Context-Aware Services (CAS) in the future. For a service to be context-aware it must be able to use context information in order to adapt its behavior or the content it provides. Examples of CASs are restaurant finders, tour guides and dating services. These services will depend on the availability of context information which must be provided at the right time, in the right quality, and at the right place. The quality of this context information is neither identical to Quality of Service (QoS), nor to the quality of the underlying hardware components, i.e., Quality of Device (QoD). Rather, the precision, probability of correctness, trustworthiness, resolution, and up-to-dateness of context information form a new set of quality parameters which we call Quality of Context (QoC). In this paper, we will discuss what QoC is, what its most important parameters are and how QoC relates to QoS and QoD. These three notions of quality are unequal, but not unrelated. Based on several examples we will show the interdependence between them. We will argue that QoC as a new notion of quality is necessary to allow for the provisioning of CASs in an interorganizational manner.
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paper_title: Location History in a Low-cost Context Awareness Environment

paper_content:

Location awareness is a crucial part of the context-awareness mechanism for ubicomputing. This paper explores how usefull is the location awareness history for an office based low-cost context-awareness environment. Capturing location awareness data into a relational database is simple and feasible in office environment. We use extended SQL to access the location awareness history database to provide direct support for speech commands. The mechanism improve flexibility for developing context awareness application in the Intelligent Environment.
---
paper_title: Middleware for Distributed Context-Aware Systems ⋆

paper_content:

Context-aware systems represent extremely complex and heterogeneous distributed systems, composed of sensors, actuators, application components, and a variety of context processing components that manage the flow of context information between the sensors/actuators and applications. The need for middleware to seamlessly bind these components together is well recognised. Numerous attempts to build middleware or infrastructure for context-aware systems have been made, but these have provided only partial solutions; for instance, most have not adequately addressed issues such as mobility, fault tolerance or privacy. One of the goals of this paper is to provide an analysis of the requirements of a middleware for context-aware systems, drawing from both traditional distributed system goals and our experiences with developing context-aware applications. The paper also provides a critical review of several middleware solutions, followed by a comprehensive discussion of our own PACE middleware. Finally, it provides a comparison of our solution with the previous work, highlighting both the advantages of our middleware and important topics for future research.
---
paper_title: A Framework for Context-Aware Adaptable Web Services

paper_content:

The trend towards pervasive computing involves an increasing number of ubiquitous, connected devices. As a consequence, the heterogeneity of client capabilities and the number of methods for accessing information services on the Internet also increases. Nevertheless, consumers expect information services to be accessible from all of these devices in a similar fashion. They also expect that information services are aware of their current environment. Generally, this kind of information is called context. More precisely, in our work context constitutes information about consumers and their environment that may be used by Web services to provide consumers a customized and personalized behaviour.
---
paper_title: Context-Aware Environment-Role-Based Access Control Model for Web Services

paper_content:

The paper presents a context-aware environment-role-based access control model (CERBAC). Unlike traditional systems where access control has been explored, access decisions may depend on the context in which requests are made. It illustrated how the well-developed notion of roles can be used to capture security relevant context of the environment in which access requests are made. By introducing environment roles, a novel access control framework that incorporates context-based access control it creates. Moreover a architecture is presented that supports security policies that make use of environment roles to control access to resources. Furthermore, it outlines the configuration mechanism needed to apply our model to the Web services environment, and describes the implementation architecture for the system.
---
paper_title: Context-based personalization of Web services composition and provisioning

paper_content:

This work presents an approach that aims at personalizing Web services composition and provisioning using context. Composition addresses the situation of a user's request that cannot be satisfied by any available service, and thus requires the combination of several Web services. Provisioning focuses on the deployment of Web services according to users' preferences. A Web service is an accessible application that other applications and humans can discover and trigger. Context is the information that characterizes the interactions between humans, applications, and the surrounding environment. Web services are subject to personalization if there is a need of accommodating users' preferences during service performance and outcome delivery. To be able to track personalization in terms of what happened, what is happening, and what might happen three types of context are devised, and they are referred to as user-, Web service-, and resource-context.
---
paper_title: Using P3P in a web services-based context-aware application platform

paper_content:

This paper describes a proposal for a privacy control architecture to be applied in the WASP project. The WASP project aims to develop a context-aware service platform on top of 3G networks, using web services technology. The proposed privacy control architecture is based on the P3P privacy policy description standard defined by W3C. The paper identifies extensions to P3P and its associated preference expression language APPEL that are needed to operate in a context-aware environment.
---
paper_title: Towards Context-Aware Mobile Web 2.0 Service Architecture

paper_content:

The emergence of new lightweight Web technologies and the development of mobile devices leads to a situation, where the users can consume the same Web services regardless of the place, time and device. Mobile devices are equipped with networking capabilities and sensors that provide versatile context and user-community information. This information enhances the user experience as it can be used to compensate the limited means of input. We present a context-aware mobile Web 2.0 service architecture that connects user context and community information with the Web services. This convergence enables the development of device-independent services that are enriched and personalized with user context and community information. Mobile middleware may be needed for efficient delivery of this information from the mobile device to the Web services. Four novel communication models for the delivery are introduced, namely centralized control, centralized services, peer-to-peer services, and pure peer-to-peer. The purpose of the models is to offer a secure and reliable platform for creating new services. Finally, we study virtual communities and market structures of the proposed models from a multidisciplinary point of view. We claim that the selected technical model determines the prospective market structure.
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Title: A Survey on Context-aware Web Service Systems

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Provide an initial overview of the survey's scope, covering the importance of context-aware systems in web services and summarizing the structure of the paper.

Section 2: Related Work and Motivation
Description 2: Discuss existing work related to context-aware systems and explain the motivation behind the survey.

Section 3: Context-aware Systems
Description 3: Present an overview of general context-aware systems and specifically detail systems that are built on web services.

Section 4: Non Web Service-based System
Description 4: Examine various context-aware systems that do not rely on web services, focusing on their architectures and techniques.

Section 5: Web Service-based Context-aware Systems
Description 5: Provide an overview of context-aware systems that are built around web service technologies, highlighting the web service-related components.

Section 6: Existing Surveys on Context-aware Systems and Frameworks
Description 6: Summarize previous surveys on context-aware systems, focusing on their scope and findings, and highlight the gap that this survey aims to address.

Section 7: Context-aware Systems in Web services Environments
Description 7: Discuss the common structure and components of context-aware systems built in web service environments.

Section 8: Context Information and Context Representations
Description 8: Survey the types of context information used in these systems and the various languages and models for their representation.

Section 9: Context Sensor Techniques
Description 9: Analyze the techniques used by context sensors to capture and provide contextual information in web service environments.

Section 10: Context Storage Techniques
Description 10: Discuss the methods used for storing context information, focusing on database technologies and access interfaces.

Section 11: Context Distribution Techniques
Description 11: Examine the different techniques used to distribute context information in web service environments, including transport protocols and overlay networks.

Section 12: Context Reasoning Techniques
Description 12: Discuss the reasoning techniques employed to derive new context information from existing data.

Section 13: Context Adaptation Techniques
Description 13: Analyze how systems adapt to changing contexts, covering aspects like service selection, security, privacy, and content adaptation.

Section 14: Conclusion
Description 14: Summarize the findings of the survey and propose future research directions to address current challenges in developing context-aware web service systems.