Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview
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paper_title: RSVP: a new resource ReSerVation Protocol

paper_content:

A resource reservation protocol (RSVP), a flexible and scalable receiver-oriented simplex protocol, is described. RSVP provides receiver-initiated reservations to accommodate heterogeneity among receivers as well as dynamic membership changes; separates the filters from the reservation, thus allowing channel changing behavior; supports a dynamic and robust multipoint-to-multipoint communication model by taking a soft-state approach in maintaining resource reservations; and decouples the reservation and routing functions. A simple network configuration with five hosts connected by seven point-to-point links and three switches is presented to illustrate how RSVP works. Related work and unresolved issues are discussed. >
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paper_title: Supporting real-time applications in an Integrated Services Packet Network: architecture and mechanism

paper_content:

This paper considers the support of real-time applications in an Integrated Services Packet Network (ISPN). We first review the characteristics of real-time applications. We observe that, contrary to the popular view that real-time applications necessarily require a fixed delay bound, some real-time applications are more flexible and can adapt to current network conditions. We then propose an ISPN architecture that supports two distinct kinds of real-time service: guaranteed service, which is the traditional form of real-time service discussed in most of the literature and involves pre-computed worst-case delay bounds, and predicted service which uses the measure performance of the network in computing delay bounds. We then propose a packet scheduling mechanism that can support both of these real-time services as well as accommodate datagram traffic. We also discuss two other aspects of an overall ISPN architecture: the service interface and the admission control criteria.
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paper_title: A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication

paper_content:

A protocol that supports the sharing of resources that exist in different packet switching networks is presented. The protocol provides for variation in individual network packet sizes, transmission failures, sequencing, flow control, end-to-end error checking, and the creation and destruction of logical process-to-process connections. Some implementation issues are considered, and problems such as internetwork routing, accounting, and timeouts are exposed.
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paper_title: The design philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols

paper_content:

The Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP, was first proposed fifteen years ago. It was developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and has been used widely in military and commercial systems. While there have been papers and specifications that describe how the protocols work, it is sometimes difficult to deduce from these why the protocol is as it is. For example, the Internet protocol is based on a connectionless or datagram mode of service. The motivation for this has been greatly misunderstood. This paper attempts to capture some of the early reasoning which shaped the Internet protocols.
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paper_title: A Proposed Flow Specification

paper_content:

A flow specification (or "flow spec") is a data structure used by internetwork hosts to request special services of the internetwork, often guarantees about how the internetwork will handle some of the hosts' traffic. In the future, hosts are expected to have to request such services on behalf of distributed applications such as multimedia conferencing.
---
paper_title: RSVP: a new resource ReSerVation Protocol

paper_content:

A resource reservation protocol (RSVP), a flexible and scalable receiver-oriented simplex protocol, is described. RSVP provides receiver-initiated reservations to accommodate heterogeneity among receivers as well as dynamic membership changes; separates the filters from the reservation, thus allowing channel changing behavior; supports a dynamic and robust multipoint-to-multipoint communication model by taking a soft-state approach in maintaining resource reservations; and decouples the reservation and routing functions. A simple network configuration with five hosts connected by seven point-to-point links and three switches is presented to illustrate how RSVP works. Related work and unresolved issues are discussed. >
---
paper_title: Analysis and simulation of a fair queueing algorithm

paper_content:

We discuss gateway queueing algorithms and their role in controlling congestion in datagram networks. A fair queueing algorithm, based on an earlier suggestion by Nagle, is proposed. Analysis and simulations are used to compare this algorithm to other congestion control schemes. We find that fair queueing provides several important advantages over the usual first-come-first-serve queueing algorithm: fair allocation of bandwidth, lower delay for sources using less than their full share of bandwidth, and protection from ill-behaved sources.
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paper_title: A Scheme for Real-Time Channel Establishment in Wide-Area Networks

paper_content:

Multimedia communication involving digital audio and/or digital video has rather strict delay requirements. A real-time channel is defined as a simplex connection between a source and a destination characterized by parameters representing the performance requirements of the client. A study is made of the feasibility of providing real-time services on a packet-switched store-and-forward wide-area network with general topology. A description is given of a scheme for the establishment of channels with deterministic or statistical delay bounds, and the results of the simulation experiments run to evaluate it are presented. The results are judged encouraging: the approach satisfies the guarantees even in worst case situations, uses the network's resources to a fair extent, and efficiently handles channels with a variety of offered load and burstiness characteristics. Also, the packet transmission overhead is quite low, and the channel establishment overhead is small enough to be acceptable in most practical cases. >
---
paper_title: RSVP: a new resource ReSerVation Protocol

paper_content:

A resource reservation protocol (RSVP), a flexible and scalable receiver-oriented simplex protocol, is described. RSVP provides receiver-initiated reservations to accommodate heterogeneity among receivers as well as dynamic membership changes; separates the filters from the reservation, thus allowing channel changing behavior; supports a dynamic and robust multipoint-to-multipoint communication model by taking a soft-state approach in maintaining resource reservations; and decouples the reservation and routing functions. A simple network configuration with five hosts connected by seven point-to-point links and three switches is presented to illustrate how RSVP works. Related work and unresolved issues are discussed. >
---
paper_title: The design philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols

paper_content:

The Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP, was first proposed fifteen years ago. It was developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and has been used widely in military and commercial systems. While there have been papers and specifications that describe how the protocols work, it is sometimes difficult to deduce from these why the protocol is as it is. For example, the Internet protocol is based on a connectionless or datagram mode of service. The motivation for this has been greatly misunderstood. This paper attempts to capture some of the early reasoning which shaped the Internet protocols.
---
paper_title: The design philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols

paper_content:

The Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP, was first proposed fifteen years ago. It was developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and has been used widely in military and commercial systems. While there have been papers and specifications that describe how the protocols work, it is sometimes difficult to deduce from these why the protocol is as it is. For example, the Internet protocol is based on a connectionless or datagram mode of service. The motivation for this has been greatly misunderstood. This paper attempts to capture some of the early reasoning which shaped the Internet protocols.
---

Title: Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Introduce the background of integrated services and the motivation for adapting Internet architecture to support real-time QoS.

Section 2: Elements of the Architecture
Description 2: Discuss the fundamental changes proposed to the Internet model to support integrated services, including the extended service model and reference implementation framework.

Section 3: Integrated Services Model
Description 3: Describe the IS model, including the types of services it offers, key assumptions, and the requirements for service commitments.

Section 4: Reference Implementation Framework
Description 4: Provide details about the proposed framework for implementing the IS model, including components like the packet scheduler, admission control, classifier, and reservation setup protocol.

Section 5: Quality of Service Requirements
Description 5: Explain the QoS requirements for different types of applications, focusing on the time-of-delivery of packets and the distinction between real-time and elastic applications.

Section 6: Resource-Sharing Requirements and Service Models
Description 6: Discuss the policy issues and service models for resource-sharing among multiple traffic classes and administrative entities, emphasizing the hierarchical link-sharing model.

Section 7: Packet Dropping
Description 7: Explore the concept of controlled packet dropping to manage QoS commitments, including preemptable and expendable packets.

Section 8: Usage Feedback
Description 8: Address the importance of usage feedback (accounting) mechanisms to prevent abuse of network resources.

Section 9: Reservation Model
Description 9: Describe the reservation model for negotiating QoS levels and the complexities involved in realistic scenarios.

Section 10: Traffic Control Mechanisms
Description 10: Provide an overview of the traffic control mechanisms available for packet scheduling, packet dropping, packet classification, and admission control.

Section 11: Applying the Mechanisms
Description 11: Detail how the aforementioned traffic control mechanisms can be applied to support the proposed services, with an example of the CSZ scheme.

Section 12: Reservation Setup Protocol
Description 12: Discuss the design and requirements of a reservation setup protocol in a multicast environment, introducing the RSVP protocol.

Section 13: RSVP Overview
Description 13: Give an overview of the RSVP protocol, including its approach to creating and maintaining distributed reservation states and its different reservation styles.

Section 14: Soft State
Description 14: Compare the hard state and soft state approaches to reservation setup and justify the choice of the soft state for RSVP.

Section 15: Routing and Reservations
Description 15: Examine the interaction between routing and reservation setup, addressing issues like route discovery, load-dependent routing, and route adaptation.