An Overview of Smart Manufacturing for Competitive and Digital Global Supply Chains
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paper_title: Implementing Smart Factory of Industrie 4.0: An Outlook

paper_content:

With the application of Internet of Things and services to manufacturing, the fourth stage of industrialization, referred to as Industrie 4.0, is believed to be approaching. For Industrie 4.0 to come true, it is essential to implement the horizontal integration of inter-corporation value network, the end-to-end integration of engineering value chain, and the vertical integration of factory inside. In this paper, we focus on the vertical integration to implement flexible and reconfigurable smart factory. We first propose a brief framework that incorporates industrial wireless networks, cloud, and fixed or mobile terminals with smart artifacts such as machines, products, and conveyors. Then, we elaborate the operational mechanism from the perspective of control engineering, that is, the smart artifacts form a self-organized system which is assisted with the feedback and coordination blocks that are implemented on the cloud and based on the big data analytics. In addition, we outline the main technical features and beneficial outcomes and present a detailed design scheme. We conclude that the smart factory of Industrie 4.0 is achievable by extensively applying the existing enabling technologies while actively coping with the technical challenges.
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paper_title: Customization of mass-produced parts by combining injection molding and additive manufacturing with Industry 4.0 technologies

paper_content:

Two trends are currently in evidence among plastics processing companies: On the one hand, the complexity of systems is increasing, while on the other, customers are seeking flexible solutions owing to ever faster product changes, increasing variant diversity and, consequently, ever smaller unit volumes per order, down to one-off parts. These requirements can be met, for example, by combining injection molding, additive manufacturing and “Industry 4.0” technologies to individualize large-volume products in order to create single-unit batches in a cost-effective manner using an automated, digitally networked cyberphysical production system.
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paper_title: A Maturity Model for Assessing Industry 4.0 Readiness and Maturity of Manufacturing Enterprises

paper_content:

Abstract Manufacturing enterprises are currently facing substantial challenges with regard to disruptive concepts such as the Internet of Things, Cyber Physical Systems or Cloud-based Manufacturing – also referred to as Industry 4.0. Subsequently, increasing complexity on all firm levels creates uncertainty about respective organizational and technological capabilities and adequate strategies to develop them. In this paper we propose an empirically grounded novel model and its implementation to assess the Industry 4.0 maturity of industrial enterprises in the domain of discrete manufacturing. Our main goal was to extend the dominating technology focus of recently developed models by including organizational aspects. Overall we defined 9 dimensions and assigned 62 items to them for assessing Industry 4.0 maturity. The dimensions “Products”, “Customers”, “Operations” and “Technology” have been created to assess the basic enablers. Additionally, the dimensions “Strategy”, “Leadership”, Governance, “Culture” and “People” allow for including organizational aspects into the assessment. Afterwards, the model has been transformed into a practical tool and tested in several companies whereby one case is presented in the paper. First validations of the model's structure and content show that the model is transparent and easy to use and proved its applicability in real production environments.
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paper_title: The Smart Factory: Exploring adaptive and flexible manufacturing solutions

paper_content:

Abstract Nowadays we live in a world,whicha decade ago would only be described in the science fiction literature. More and more things become smart and both scientists and engineers strive for developing not only new and innovative devices, but also homes, factories, or even cities. Despite of continuous development, many of those concepts are still being just a vision of the future, which still needs a lot of effort to become true. This paper reviews the usage of adjective smart in respect to technology and with a special emphasis on the smart factory concept placement among contemporary studies. Due to a lack of a consensus of common understanding of this term,a unified definition is proposed. The conceptualization will not only refer to various smart factory visions reported in the literature, but also link the crucial characteristics of this emerging manufacturing concept to usual manufacturing practice.Subsequently, the authors discuss the challenges of the potential smart factory applications in SMEs, and also propose a future research outlook in order to further develop the smart factory concept.
---
paper_title: Customization of mass-produced parts by combining injection molding and additive manufacturing with Industry 4.0 technologies

paper_content:

Two trends are currently in evidence among plastics processing companies: On the one hand, the complexity of systems is increasing, while on the other, customers are seeking flexible solutions owing to ever faster product changes, increasing variant diversity and, consequently, ever smaller unit volumes per order, down to one-off parts. These requirements can be met, for example, by combining injection molding, additive manufacturing and “Industry 4.0” technologies to individualize large-volume products in order to create single-unit batches in a cost-effective manner using an automated, digitally networked cyberphysical production system.
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paper_title: Industry 4.0: A survey on technologies, applications and open research issues

paper_content:

Abstract Originally initiated in Germany, Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, has attracted much attention in recent literatures. It is closely related with the Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber Physical System (CPS), information and communications technology (ICT), Enterprise Architecture (EA), and Enterprise Integration (EI). Despite of the dynamic nature of the research on Industry 4.0, however, a systematic and extensive review of recent research on it is has been unavailable. Accordingly, this paper conducts a comprehensive review on Industry 4.0 and presents an overview of the content, scope, and findings of Industry 4.0 by examining the existing literatures in all of the databases within the Web of Science. Altogether, 88 papers related to Industry 4.0 are grouped into five research categories and reviewed. In addition, this paper outlines the critical issue of the interoperability of Industry 4.0, and proposes a conceptual framework of interoperability regarding Industry 4.0. Challenges and trends for future research on Industry 4.0 are discussed.
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paper_title: Implementing Smart Factory of Industrie 4.0: An Outlook

paper_content:

With the application of Internet of Things and services to manufacturing, the fourth stage of industrialization, referred to as Industrie 4.0, is believed to be approaching. For Industrie 4.0 to come true, it is essential to implement the horizontal integration of inter-corporation value network, the end-to-end integration of engineering value chain, and the vertical integration of factory inside. In this paper, we focus on the vertical integration to implement flexible and reconfigurable smart factory. We first propose a brief framework that incorporates industrial wireless networks, cloud, and fixed or mobile terminals with smart artifacts such as machines, products, and conveyors. Then, we elaborate the operational mechanism from the perspective of control engineering, that is, the smart artifacts form a self-organized system which is assisted with the feedback and coordination blocks that are implemented on the cloud and based on the big data analytics. In addition, we outline the main technical features and beneficial outcomes and present a detailed design scheme. We conclude that the smart factory of Industrie 4.0 is achievable by extensively applying the existing enabling technologies while actively coping with the technical challenges.
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paper_title: Cyber-physical manufacturing cloud: Architecture, virtualization, communication, and testbed

paper_content:

Abstract Cyber-physical systems are integrations of computation, networking, and physical processes and they are increasingly finding applications in manufacturing. Cloud manufacturing integrates cloud computing and service-oriented technologies with manufacturing processes and provides manufacturing services in manufacturing clouds. A cyber physical system for manufacturing is not a manufacturing cloud if it does not use virtualization technique in cloud computing and service oriented architecture in service computing. On the other hand, a manufacturing cloud is not cyber physical system if it does not have components for direct interactions with machine tools and other physical devices. In this paper, a new paradigm of Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Cloud (CPMC) is introduced to bridge gaps among cloud computing, cyber physical systems, and manufacturing. A CPMC allows direct operations and monitoring of machine tools in a manufacturing cloud over the Internet. A scalable and service-oriented layered architecture of CPMC is developed. It allows publication and subscription of manufacturing web services and cross-platform applications in CPMC. A virtualization method of manufacturing resources in CPMC is presented. In addition, communication mechanisms between the layers of the CPMC using communication protocols such as MTConnect, TCP/IP, and REST are discussed. A CPMC testbed is developed and implemented based on the proposed architecture. The testbed is fully operational in two geographically distributed sites. The developed testbed is evaluated using several manufacturing scenarios. Its testing results demonstrate that it can monitor and execute manufacturing operations remotely over the Internet efficiently in a manufacturing cloud.
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paper_title: Feature-based control and information framework for adaptive and distributed manufacturing in cyber physical systems

paper_content:

Abstract Modern distributed manufacturing within Industry 4.0, supported by Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs), offers many promising capabilities regarding effective and flexible manufacturing, but there remain many challenges which may hinder its exploitation fully. One major issue is how to automatically control manufacturing equipment, e.g. industrial robots and CNC-machines, in an adaptive and effective manner. For collaborative sharing and use of distributed and networked manufacturing resources, a coherent, standardised approach for systemised planning and control at different manufacturing system levels and locations is a paramount prerequisite. In this paper, the concept of feature-based manufacturing for adaptive equipment control and resource-task matching in distributed and collaborative CPS manufacturing environments is presented. The concept has a product perspective and builds on the combination of product manufacturing features and event-driven Function Blocks (FB) of the IEC 61499 standard. Distributed control is realised through the use of networked and smart FB decision modules, enabling the performance of collaborative run-time manufacturing activities according to actual manufacturing conditions. A feature-based information framework supporting the matching of manufacturing resources and tasks, as well as the feature-FB control concept, and a demonstration with a cyber-physical robot application, are presented.
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paper_title: The Smart Factory: Exploring adaptive and flexible manufacturing solutions

paper_content:

Abstract Nowadays we live in a world,whicha decade ago would only be described in the science fiction literature. More and more things become smart and both scientists and engineers strive for developing not only new and innovative devices, but also homes, factories, or even cities. Despite of continuous development, many of those concepts are still being just a vision of the future, which still needs a lot of effort to become true. This paper reviews the usage of adjective smart in respect to technology and with a special emphasis on the smart factory concept placement among contemporary studies. Due to a lack of a consensus of common understanding of this term,a unified definition is proposed. The conceptualization will not only refer to various smart factory visions reported in the literature, but also link the crucial characteristics of this emerging manufacturing concept to usual manufacturing practice.Subsequently, the authors discuss the challenges of the potential smart factory applications in SMEs, and also propose a future research outlook in order to further develop the smart factory concept.
---
paper_title: The Smart Factory: Exploring adaptive and flexible manufacturing solutions

paper_content:

Abstract Nowadays we live in a world,whicha decade ago would only be described in the science fiction literature. More and more things become smart and both scientists and engineers strive for developing not only new and innovative devices, but also homes, factories, or even cities. Despite of continuous development, many of those concepts are still being just a vision of the future, which still needs a lot of effort to become true. This paper reviews the usage of adjective smart in respect to technology and with a special emphasis on the smart factory concept placement among contemporary studies. Due to a lack of a consensus of common understanding of this term,a unified definition is proposed. The conceptualization will not only refer to various smart factory visions reported in the literature, but also link the crucial characteristics of this emerging manufacturing concept to usual manufacturing practice.Subsequently, the authors discuss the challenges of the potential smart factory applications in SMEs, and also propose a future research outlook in order to further develop the smart factory concept.
---
paper_title: The Smart Factory: Exploring adaptive and flexible manufacturing solutions

paper_content:

Abstract Nowadays we live in a world,whicha decade ago would only be described in the science fiction literature. More and more things become smart and both scientists and engineers strive for developing not only new and innovative devices, but also homes, factories, or even cities. Despite of continuous development, many of those concepts are still being just a vision of the future, which still needs a lot of effort to become true. This paper reviews the usage of adjective smart in respect to technology and with a special emphasis on the smart factory concept placement among contemporary studies. Due to a lack of a consensus of common understanding of this term,a unified definition is proposed. The conceptualization will not only refer to various smart factory visions reported in the literature, but also link the crucial characteristics of this emerging manufacturing concept to usual manufacturing practice.Subsequently, the authors discuss the challenges of the potential smart factory applications in SMEs, and also propose a future research outlook in order to further develop the smart factory concept.
---
paper_title: The Smart Factory: Exploring adaptive and flexible manufacturing solutions

paper_content:

Abstract Nowadays we live in a world,whicha decade ago would only be described in the science fiction literature. More and more things become smart and both scientists and engineers strive for developing not only new and innovative devices, but also homes, factories, or even cities. Despite of continuous development, many of those concepts are still being just a vision of the future, which still needs a lot of effort to become true. This paper reviews the usage of adjective smart in respect to technology and with a special emphasis on the smart factory concept placement among contemporary studies. Due to a lack of a consensus of common understanding of this term,a unified definition is proposed. The conceptualization will not only refer to various smart factory visions reported in the literature, but also link the crucial characteristics of this emerging manufacturing concept to usual manufacturing practice.Subsequently, the authors discuss the challenges of the potential smart factory applications in SMEs, and also propose a future research outlook in order to further develop the smart factory concept.
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paper_title: Innovative Business Models for the Industrial Internet of Things

paper_content:

Today, manufacturing companies have to face multifaceted challenges, like shortened technology and innovation cycles, and the necessity to offer customized products at the cost of a large-scale production. One appropriate solution to address these challenges is represented by the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This proceeding digitized connection of industrial manufacturing, also known as “Industry 4.0”, comes along with extensive organizational consequences and opportunities for established manufacturers. Existing value chains will change providing opportunities for innovative business models (BM). Although academic literature agrees on the emergence of novel BMs, recent research mainly addressed technological challenges and benefits, whereas systematic and comprehensive examinations of novel IIoT-triggered BM types have a backlog. Consequently, we aim at systematically analyzing existing literature regarding novel BMs emerging due to the IIoT. Hence, we present a comprehensive overview of novel, innovative BMs relevant for the IIoT. Further, we assign these innovate BMs to three generic BM types. In doing so, we contribute to both academic literature and managerial practice.
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paper_title: Development of Innovative Strategies for the Korean Manufacturing Industry by Use of the Connected Smart Factory (CSF)

paper_content:

Abstract A smart factory refers to a hyper-connected network-based integrated manufacturing system. It acquires all information on manufacturing facilities in real time through the Internet, autonomously changes a manufacturing method, replaces raw materials and ultimately implements an optimized dynamic production system. The realization of top three integrations (integration of production system, integration of product life cycle, integration of inter-company value chain) is a key factor for the success of a hyper-connected smart factory. First, the capability of vertical integration represents the ability to realize the vertical integration of a production system (sensor-control-MES-ERP) and customized production and respond to traditional static production processes. Second, the capability of integrating product life cycle means the optimization of tailored production through complete information exchange after the enterprise integration of product life cycle. Lastly, horizontal integration refers to the capability of providing products and services on time through close inter-company collaboration after integrating inter-company value chain and information network. From this standpoint, this study proposes the success factors which are critical for the successful introduction of hyper-connected smart factory.
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paper_title: Implementing Smart Factory of Industrie 4.0: An Outlook

paper_content:

With the application of Internet of Things and services to manufacturing, the fourth stage of industrialization, referred to as Industrie 4.0, is believed to be approaching. For Industrie 4.0 to come true, it is essential to implement the horizontal integration of inter-corporation value network, the end-to-end integration of engineering value chain, and the vertical integration of factory inside. In this paper, we focus on the vertical integration to implement flexible and reconfigurable smart factory. We first propose a brief framework that incorporates industrial wireless networks, cloud, and fixed or mobile terminals with smart artifacts such as machines, products, and conveyors. Then, we elaborate the operational mechanism from the perspective of control engineering, that is, the smart artifacts form a self-organized system which is assisted with the feedback and coordination blocks that are implemented on the cloud and based on the big data analytics. In addition, we outline the main technical features and beneficial outcomes and present a detailed design scheme. We conclude that the smart factory of Industrie 4.0 is achievable by extensively applying the existing enabling technologies while actively coping with the technical challenges.
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paper_title: A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems

paper_content:

Abstract Recent advances in manufacturing industry has paved way for a systematical deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), within which information from all related perspectives is closely monitored and synchronized between the physical factory floor and the cyber computational space. Moreover, by utilizing advanced information analytics, networked machines will be able to perform more efficiently, collaboratively and resiliently. Such trend is transforming manufacturing industry to the next generation, namely Industry 4.0. At this early development phase, there is an urgent need for a clear definition of CPS. In this paper, a unified 5-level architecture is proposed as a guideline for implementation of CPS.
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paper_title: Dimensions of cooperative driving, its and automation

paper_content:

Wireless technology supporting vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, allow vehicles and infrastructures to exchange information, and cooperate. Cooperation among the actors in an intelligent transport system (ITS) can introduce several benefits, for instance, increase safety, comfort, efficiency. Automation has also evolved in vehicle control and active safety functions. Combining cooperation and automation would enable more advanced functions such as automated highway merge and negotiating right-of-way in a cooperative intersection. However, the combination have influences on the structure of the overall transport systems as well as on its behaviour. In order to provide a common understanding of such systems, this paper presents an analysis of cooperative ITS (C-ITS) with regard to dimensions of cooperation. It also presents possible influence on driving behaviour and challenges in deployment and automation of C-ITS.
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paper_title: What does Industry 4.0 mean to Supply Chain

paper_content:

Abstract The term ‘Industry 4.0’ was coined to mark the fourth industrial revolution, a new paradigm enabled by the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) into the production and manufacturing environment. The vision of Industry 4.0 emphasizes the global networks of machines in a smart factory setting capable of autonomously exchanging information and controlling each other. This cyber-physical system allows the smart factory to operate autonomously. For instance, a machine will know the manufacturing process that needs to be applied to a product, what variation to be made to that product etc., so that the product can be uniquely identifiable as an active entity whose configuration and route in the production line is unique. As the collaboration between suppliers, manufacturers and customers is crucial to increase the transparency of all the steps from when the order is dispatched until the end of the life cycle of the product, it is therefore necessary to analyze the impact of Industry 4.0 on the supply chain as a whole.
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paper_title: Recent advances and trends in predictive manufacturing systems in big data environment

paper_content:

The globalization of the world’s economies is a major challenge to local industry and it is pushing the manufacturing sector to its next transformation – predictive manufacturing. In order to become more competitive, manufacturers need to embrace emerging technologies, such as advanced analytics and cyber-physical system-based approaches, to improve their efficiency and productivity. With an aggressive push towards “Internet of Things”, data has become more accessible and ubiquitous, contributing to the big data environment. This phenomenon necessitates the right approach and tools to convert data into useful, actionable information.
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paper_title: Manufacturing execution system (MES) for semiconductor manufacturing

paper_content:

In the context of the CIM architecture, the manufacturing execution system (MES) provides information and control decision links between the production planning system at the higher level and the equipment control system at the lower level. Most of the conventional MES systems were first designed and implemented in "island-like" proprietary database systems, which renders the system integration of more advanced extension applications less attainable. In contrast, this study addresses the analysis of requirements, design and implementation of an integrated MES on an open architecture that is readily accessible for further system integration. The complete MES of our design is structurally composed of (1) MES database, a relational database, that consists of modules of product flow definition, lot management, equipment control, and Work-In-Process (WIP); (2) MES transaction that allows data to be updated and retrieved by other decision modules, in particular, cell controllers, on the open architecture platform; and (3) MES Web server that allows users to configure, query, and update the MES database over the Internet.
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Title: An Overview of Smart Manufacturing for Competitive and Digital Global Supply Chains

Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: Provide an introduction to the concept of smart manufacturing and its significance in the context of Industry 4.0, highlighting the challenges, opportunities, and potential impacts on global supply chains.

Section 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Description 2: Summarize existing research on smart manufacturing, including key definitions, concepts, and the evolution from traditional manufacturing to smart manufacturing practices.

Section 3: Smart Manufacturing vs Traditional Manufacturing
Description 3: Compare and contrast traditional manufacturing with smart manufacturing, highlighting key differences in processes, technologies, and efficiencies.

Section 4: Smart Manufacturing with 6 Design Principles
Description 4: Discuss the six design principles of smart manufacturing that enable the integration of physical and digital worlds to enhance manufacturing processes.

Section 5: Key Technologies in Smart Manufacturing for Competitive Global Digital Supply Chain
Description 5: Identify and describe the key technologies that drive smart manufacturing, such as IoT, robotics, big data, and others, and their applications in the digital supply chain.

Section 6: Smart Manufacturing for Global Digital Supply Chain
Description 6: Explore the key aspects of smart manufacturing that contribute to an efficient and responsive global digital supply chain, including smart design, machining, monitoring, control, and scheduling.

Section 7: Key Features of Smart Manufacturing (SMART-M)
Description 7: Explain the primary features of smart manufacturing such as specificity, measurability, attainability, real-time visibility, and time efficiency.

Section 8: Advantages of Smart Manufacturing for Digital Supply Chain
Description 8: Outline the benefits of smart manufacturing for digital supply chains, including increased quality, significant cost reduction, shared information, advanced analytics, flexibility, customer-centric approaches, enhanced responsiveness, predictive maintenance, improved productivity, and sustainability.

Section 9: RESEARCH GAPS AND FUTURE STUDIES
Description 9: Highlight existing research gaps in the field of smart manufacturing and discuss potential areas for future research, including wearable technology and driverless technology.

Section 10: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Description 10: Summarize the conclusions drawn from the study on smart manufacturing and propose directions for future research to further the development and integration of advanced manufacturing technologies.