Mashups: A Literature Review and Classification Framework
---
paper_title: Predicting Service Mashup Candidates Using Enhanced Syntactical Message Management

paper_content:

The descriptiveness of capabilities advertised on service-oriented architectures provides a promising platform for crafting new knowledge. Service mashup has been introduced as an approach for integrating the information provided from multiple Web services into one common operational picture. In the future, scale will be a barrier to these types of approaches. With the entry and exit of large numbers of services on the Internet, it will be difficult to find and suggest the most relevant service candidates for new mashups. In this work, we present an efficient syntactical approach for actively discovering Web service candidates for service mashups. This approach leverages the message naming characteristics of the developers and of the target service repository to inform search algorithms. Favorable precision results are described based on experimentation executed on an open repository of Web service from the Internet.
---
paper_title: Using Really Simple Syndication (RSS) to enhance student research

paper_content:

Really Simple Syndication (RSS) is a tool used in business and by users for gleaning relevant information from the Internet. RSS technology can be used in the education environment to enhance research methods for students. Students can use RSS to glean current information from on-line journals, publications, web logs and other sources without visiting the sites daily. A combination of RSS and personal web files can be used for student group projects to connect the students and share research over the Internet.
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paper_title: Market Overview of Enterprise Mashup Tools

paper_content:

A new paradigm, known as Enterprise Mashups, has been gain momentum during the last years. By empowering actual business end-users to create and adapt individual enterprise applications, Enterprise Mashups implicate a shift concerning a collaborative software development and consumption process. Upcoming Mashup tools prove the growing relevance of this paradigm in the industry, both in the consumer and enterprise-oriented market. However, a market overview of the different tools is still missing. In this paper, we introduce a classification of Mashup tools and evaluate selected tools of the different clusters according to the perspectives general information, functionality and usability. Finally, we classify more than 30 tools in the designed classification model and present the observed market trends in context of Enterprise Mashups.
---
paper_title: Mashlight: a Lightweight Mashup Framework for Everyone

paper_content:

Recently, Web 2.0 has brought a storm on web application development. In particular, mashups have greatly enhanced user creativity across the web, allowing end-users to rapidly combine information from diverse sources, and integrate them into “new” goal-oriented applications. In the meantime, widgets (also built with Web 2.0 technology) have also gained a lot of momentum. Indeed, they have become ever more present in our every day lives, even appearing as first class players in our operating systems (e.g., Mac OS X and Windows 7). In this paper we present Mashlight: a lightweight framework for creating and executing mashups that combines these two worlds. Indeed, it provides users with a simple means to create “process-like” mashups using “widget-like” Web 2.0 applications. Even users that have no technical knowhow can string together building blocks –taken from an extensible library– to define the application they need. The framework is implemented using common Web technology, meaning our mashups can be run from different kinds of devices, in a lightweight fashion without the overhead of a complex application server. The paper presents the main concepts behind Mashlight blocks and Mashlight processes, and demonstrate our prototype on a concrete example.
---
paper_title: Potluck: data mash-up tool for casual users

paper_content:

As more and more reusable structured data appears on the Web, casual users will want to take into their own hands the task of mashing up data rather than wait for mash-up sites to be built that address exactly their individually unique needs. In this paper, we present Potluck, a Web user interface that lets casual users--those without programming skills and data modeling expertise--mash up data themselves. ::: ::: Potluck is novel in its use of drag and drop for merging fields, its integration and extension of the faceted browsing paradigm for focusing on subsets of data to align, and its application of simultaneous editing for cleaning up data syntactically. Potluck also lets the user construct rich visualizations of data in-place as the user aligns and cleans up the data. This iterative process of integrating the data while constructing useful visualizations is desirable when the user is unfamiliar with the data at the beginning--a common case--and wishes to get immediate value out of the data without having to spend the overhead of completely and perfectly integrating the data first. ::: ::: A user study on Potluck indicated that it was usable and learnable, and elicited excitement from programmers who, even with their programming skills, previously had great difficulties performing data integration.
---
paper_title: Integrating legacy software into a service oriented architecture

paper_content:

Legacy programs, i. e. programs which have been developed with an outdated technology make-up for the vast majority of programs in many user application environments. It is these programs which actually run the information systems of the business world. Moving to a new technology such as service oriented architecture is impossible without taking these programs along. This contribution presents a tool supported method for achieving that goal. Legacy code is wrapped behind an XML shell which allows individual functions within the programs, to be offered as Web services to any external user. By means of this wrapping technology, a significant part of the company software assets can be preserved within the framework of a service oriented architecture.
---
paper_title: OpenID 2.0: a platform for user-centric identity management

paper_content:

With the advancement in user-centric and URI-based identity systems over the past two years, it has become clear that a single specification will not be the solution to all problems. Rather, like the other layers of the Internet, developing small, interoperable specifications that are independently implementable and useful will ultimately lead to market adoption of these technologies. This is the intent of the OpenID framework. OpenID Authentication 1.0 began as a lightweight HTTP-based URL authentication protocol. OpenID Authentication 2.0 it is now turning into an open community-driven platform that allows and encourages innovation. It supports both URLs and XRIs as user identifiers, uses Yadis XRDS documents for identity service discovery, adds stronger security, and supports both public and private identifiers. With continuing convergence under this broad umbrella, the OpenID framework is emerging as a viable solution for Internet-scale user-centric identity infrastructure.
---
paper_title: Application framework with demand-driven mashup for selective browsing

paper_content:

This paper proposes a mashup framework for creating flexible mashup applications in which the user can selectively browse through mashup items. Our framework provides a data management engine for on-demand data generation, and GUI components called widgets that can be used to browse through mashed-up data selectively. The application developer has to only prepare a mashup relation specifying the web service combinations and widget configurations specifying how to display the mashed-up data. On the basis of these configurations, widgets monitor user interactions and requests data from the data management engine that processes the demand-driven creation of mashed-up data. To enable selective browsing, a table widget, for instance, allows selection of columns to be displayed, provides a limited view with scroll bars, and filtering facilities. Our framework also offers a mechanism for widget coordination where a widget can change the display target according to states or events of other widgets. We introduce a sample application for tour planning using five cooperative widgets, and discuss the usability and performance advantages of our framework.
---
paper_title: Market Overview of Enterprise Mashup Tools

paper_content:

A new paradigm, known as Enterprise Mashups, has been gain momentum during the last years. By empowering actual business end-users to create and adapt individual enterprise applications, Enterprise Mashups implicate a shift concerning a collaborative software development and consumption process. Upcoming Mashup tools prove the growing relevance of this paradigm in the industry, both in the consumer and enterprise-oriented market. However, a market overview of the different tools is still missing. In this paper, we introduce a classification of Mashup tools and evaluate selected tools of the different clusters according to the perspectives general information, functionality and usability. Finally, we classify more than 30 tools in the designed classification model and present the observed market trends in context of Enterprise Mashups.
---
paper_title: Data Integration Support for Mashups

paper_content:

Mashups are a new type of interactive web applications, combining content from multiple services or sources at runtime. While many such mashups are being developed most of them support rather simple data integration tasks. We therefore propose a framework for the development of more complex dynamic data integration mashups. The framework consists of components for query generation and online matching as well as for additional data transformation. Our architecture supports interactive and sequential result refinement to improve the quality of the presented result stepby-step by executing more elaborate queries when necessary. A script-based definition of mashups facilitates the development as well as the dynamic execution of mashups. We illustrate our approach by a powerful mashup implementation combining bibliographic data to dynamically calculate citation counts for venues and authors.
---
paper_title: Predicting Service Mashup Candidates Using Enhanced Syntactical Message Management

paper_content:

The descriptiveness of capabilities advertised on service-oriented architectures provides a promising platform for crafting new knowledge. Service mashup has been introduced as an approach for integrating the information provided from multiple Web services into one common operational picture. In the future, scale will be a barrier to these types of approaches. With the entry and exit of large numbers of services on the Internet, it will be difficult to find and suggest the most relevant service candidates for new mashups. In this work, we present an efficient syntactical approach for actively discovering Web service candidates for service mashups. This approach leverages the message naming characteristics of the developers and of the target service repository to inform search algorithms. Favorable precision results are described based on experimentation executed on an open repository of Web service from the Internet.
---
paper_title: MU: an hybrid language for Web Mashups

paper_content:

Web Mashup, Web 2.0, recombinant or remixable Web are all terms with the same meaning: informally, they express the possibility of building applications that are able to manage data contained in dierent repositories exposed as Web services. The availability of a broad range of Web services for dierent purposes and domains, from online bids to the weather forecasts, motivates the development of several different mashup applications throwing up a wide class of problems related, mainly, to the data format interoperability. The high number of the data formats, together with a huge technological heterogeneity creates the need for a framework that easily allows the development of such mashup applications. The main objective of this paper, therefore, is to present a novel approach based on a hybrid functional-logic high-level language called MU that allows the description of data source aggregation and the manipulation and presentation phases over multiple external sources with an extremely compact and exible syntax. We also present an eective use case implemented using "em-up", our reference implementation of the MU language, where an example of mashup application is shown in detail.
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paper_title: Towards an Advertising Business Model for Web Service Mashups

paper_content:

On the Internet, the advertising business model is a cornerstone of many service businesses. In this paper, we propose an advertising business model for machine-oriented Web Services and describe the guiding principles for its mechanisms and implementation. It is not straightforward to make the advertising business method feasible for machine-oriented Web Services, since advertising only makes sense if the human users of a service see the ads. In the proposed business model, a non-human service consumer incurs an obligation to the providers of services it uses to display the advertising they have specified. In addition this obligation can be delegated to yet another service consumer if the later consumer is using a service provided by the earlier non-human consumer. Since each service provider-consumer chain must finally reach human consumers, the advertising from the earlier service providers will ultimately reach human service consumers, thus satisfying the conditions of the proposed business model. We also show how we can leverage the existing Web Service infrastructure to implement this business model.
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paper_title: An Intelligent Ontology and Bayesian Network Based Semantic Mashup for Tourism

paper_content:

A common perception is that there are two competing vision for the future evolution of the Web: the Semantic Web and Web 2.0. In fact, Semantic Web technologies must integrate with Web 2.0 services for both to leverage each otherpsilas strengths. This paper illustrates how Semantic Web technologies can support information integration and make it easy to create semantic mashups. An intelligent recommendation system for tourism is presented to show the efficiency of our method. Through the ontology of tourism, the system allows the integration of heterogeneous online travel information. Based on Bayesian network technique method, the system recommends tourist attractions to a user by taking into account the travel behaviour both of the user and of other users.
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paper_title: Implementation of Ubiquitous Personal Study Using Web 2.0 Mash-up and OSS Technologies

paper_content:

The information resources on the Web are diversified, and the amount is increasing rapidly. Demands for selecting useful information from the Internet, managing personal contents, and sharing contents under control have risen. In this study, we propose the ubiquitous personal study (UPS), a framework of personalized virtual study to support accessing, managing, organizing, sharing and recommending information. In this paper, we focus on discussing the issues on how to implement it with Web 2.0 mash-up technology and open source software.
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paper_title: Answering queries using views: A survey

paper_content:

The problem of answering queries using views is to find efficient methods of answering a query using a set of previously defined materialized views over the database, rather than accessing the database relations. The problem has recently received significant attention because of its relevance to a wide variety of data management problems. In query optimization, finding a rewriting of a query using a set of materialized views can yield a more efficient query execution plan. To support the separation of the logical and physical views of data, a storage schema can be described using views over the logical schema. As a result, finding a query execution plan that accesses the storage amounts to solving the problem of answering queries using views. Finally, the problem arises in data integration systems, where data sources can be described as precomputed views over a mediated schema. This article surveys the state of the art on the problem of answering queries using views, and synthesizes the disparate works into a coherent framework. We describe the different applications of the problem, the algorithms proposed to solve it and the relevant theoretical results.
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paper_title: Mash-o-matic

paper_content:

Web applications called mash-ups combine information of varying granularity from different, possibly disparate, sources. We describe Mash-o-matic, a utility that can extract, clean, and combine disparate information fragments, and automatically generate data for mash-ups and the mash-ups themselves. As an illustration, we generate a mash-up that displays a map of a university campus, and outline the potential benefits of using Mash-o-matic. Mash-o-matic exploits superimposed information (SI), which is new information and structure created in reference to fragments of existing information. Mashomatic is implemented using middleware called the Superimposed Pluggable Architecture for Contexts and Excerpts (SPARCE), and a query processor for SI and referenced information, both parts of our infrastructure to support SI management. We present a high-level description of the mash-up production process and discuss in detail how Mash-o-matic accelerates that process.
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paper_title: A methodology for quality-based mashup of data sources

paper_content:

The concept of mashup is gaining tremendous popularity and its application can be seen in a large number of domains. Enterprises using and relying upon mashup have improved their mass collaboration and personalization. In order for mashup technology to be widely accepted and widely used, we need a methodology by which can make use of the quality of the input to the mashup process as a governing principle to carry out mashup. This paper reviews the concept of mashup in different domains and proposes a conceptual solution framework for providing quality based mashup process.
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paper_title: Rapid prototyping of semantic mash-ups through semantic web pipes

paper_content:

The use of RDF data published on the Web for applications is still a cumbersome and resource-intensive task due to the limited software support and the lack of standard programming paradigms to deal with everyday problems such as combination of RDF data from dierent sources, object identifier consolidation, ontology alignment and mediation, or plain querying and filtering tasks. In this paper we present a framework, Semantic Web Pipes, that supports fast implementation of Semantic data mash-ups while preserving desirable properties such as abstraction, encapsulation, component-orientation, code re-usability and maintainability which are common and well supported in other application areas.
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paper_title: Information integration using logical views

paper_content:

A number of ideas concerning information-integration tools can be thought of as constructing answers to queries using views that represent the capabilities of information sources. We review the formal basis of these techniques, which are closely related to containment algorithms for conjunctive queries and/or Datalog programs. Then we compare the approaches taken by AT&T Labs' “Information Manifold” and the Stanford “Tsimmis” project in these terms.
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paper_title: A Web Mashup for Social Libraries

paper_content:

content on the Social Web is often locked within information silos. Inadequate APIs or, worst, the lack of APIs obstruct reuse and prevent the opportunity to integrate similar content from different communities. In this paper we present a Web mashup which combines information from different social libraries. Aggregated information, including both classic book metadata and user-generated content, is represented as linked data in RDF to allow machine computation and foster reuse among different applications.
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paper_title: Data integration: a theoretical perspective

paper_content:

Data integration is the problem of combining data residing at different sources, and providing the user with a unified view of these data. The problem of designing data integration systems is important in current real world applications, and is characterized by a number of issues that are interesting from a theoretical point of view. This document presents on overview of the material to be presented in a tutorial on data integration. The tutorial is focused on some of the theoretical issues that are relevant for data integration. Special attention will be devoted to the following aspects: modeling a data integration application, processing queries in data integration, dealing with inconsistent data sources, and reasoning on queries.
---
paper_title: Integrating legacy software into a service oriented architecture

paper_content:

Legacy programs, i. e. programs which have been developed with an outdated technology make-up for the vast majority of programs in many user application environments. It is these programs which actually run the information systems of the business world. Moving to a new technology such as service oriented architecture is impossible without taking these programs along. This contribution presents a tool supported method for achieving that goal. Legacy code is wrapped behind an XML shell which allows individual functions within the programs, to be offered as Web services to any external user. By means of this wrapping technology, a significant part of the company software assets can be preserved within the framework of a service oriented architecture.
---
paper_title: Towards a mashup-driven end-user programming of SOA-based applications

paper_content:

Recent technologies and standards in the field of Service-Orientated Architectures (SOA) have focused on Service-to-Service interaction and do not consider Service-to-User scenarios. This results in a lack of a service-consumer-orientation in order to empower the user to get easy access to the functionalities of services. The paper argues for the need of new concepts that extend existing mashup approaches to enable a more end-user driven application development. It presents an insight into existing mashup technologies and identifies shortcomings concerning the creation of more complex applications. The paper offers ways how to extend the existing concepts and shows their potential as a key technology for an end-user programming in the field of SOA. The empowerment of the actual service consumer can bridge the gap between the user and the service infrastructure.
---
paper_title: Mashing up visual languages and web mash-ups

paper_content:

Research on Web mashups and visual languages share an interest in human-centered computing. Both research communities are concerned with supporting programming by everyday, technically inexpert users. Visual programming environments have been a focus for both communities, and we believe that there is much to be gained by further discussion between these research communities. In this paper we explore some connections between web mashups and visual languages, and try to identify what each might be able to learn from the other. Our goal is to establish a framework for a dialog between the communities, and to promote the exchange of ideas and our respective understandings of human-centered computing.
---
paper_title: Cloud-based Enterprise Mashup Integration Services for B2B Scenarios

paper_content:

We observe a huge demand for situational and ad-hoc applications desired by the mass of business end-users that cannot be fully implemented by IT departments. This is especially the case with regard to solutions that support infrequent, situational, and ad-hoc B2B scenarios. End users are not able to implement such solutions without the help of developers. Enterprise Mashup-/ and Lightweight Composition approaches and tools are promising solutions to unleash the huge potential of integrating the mass of end users into development and to overcome this \long-tail" dilemma. In this work, we summarize dierent patterns on how to real
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paper_title: Rapid development of spreadsheet-based web mashups

paper_content:

The rapid growth of social networking sites and web communities have motivated web sites to expose their APIs to external developers who create mashups by assembling existing functionalities. Current APIs, however, aim toward developers with programming expertise; they are not directly usable by wider class of users who do not have programming background, but would nevertheless like to build their own mashups. To address this need, we propose a spreadsheet-based Web mashups development framework, which enables users to develop mashups in the popular spreadsheet environment. First, we provide a mechanism that makes structured data first class values of spreadsheet cells. Second, we propose a new component model that can be used to develop fairly sophisticated mashups, involving joining data sources and keeping spreadsheet data up to date. Third, to simplify mashup development, we provide a collection of spreadsheet-based mashup patterns that captures common Web data access and spreadsheet presentation functionalities. Users can reuse and customize these patterns to build spreadsheet-based Web mashups instead of developing them from scratch. Fourth, we enable users to manipulate structured data presented on spreadsheet in a drag-and-drop fashion. Finally, we have developed and tested a proof-of-concept prototype to demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework.
---
paper_title: End-user programming of mashups with vegemite

paper_content:

Mashups are an increasingly popular way to integrate data from multiple web sites to fit a particular need, but it often requires substantial technical expertise to create them. To lower the barrier for creating mashups, we have extended the CoScripter web automation tool with a spreadsheet-like environment called Vegemite. Our system uses direct-manipulation and programming-by-demonstration tech-niques to automatically populate tables with information collected from various web sites. A particular strength of our approach is its ability to augment a data set with new values computed by a web site, such as determining the driving distance from a particular location to each of the addresses in a data set. An informal user study suggests that Vegemite may enable a wider class of users to address their information needs.
---
paper_title: User-friendly functional programming for web mashups

paper_content:

MashMaker is a web-based tool that makes it easy for a normal user to create web mashups by browsing around, without needing to type, or plan in advance what they want to do. Like a web browser, Mashmaker allows users to create mashups by browsing, rather than writing code, and allows users to bookmark interesting things they find, forming new widgets - reusable mashup fragments. Like a spreadsheet, MashMaker mixes program and data and allows ad-hoc unstructured editing of programs. MashMaker is also a modern functional programming language with non-side effecting expressions, higher order functions, and lazy evaluation. MashMaker programs can be manipulated either textually, or through an interactive tree representation, in which a program is presented together with the values it produces. In order to cope with this unusual domain, MashMaker contains a number of deviations from normal function languages. The most notable of these is that, in order to allow the programmer to write programs directly on their data, all data is stored in a single tree, and evaluation of an expression always takes place at a specific point in this tree, which also functions as its scope.
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paper_title: Towards physical mashups in the Web of Things

paper_content:

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have promising industrial applications, since they reduce the gap between traditional enterprise systems and the real world. However, every particular application requires complex integration work, and therefore technical expertise, effort and time which prevents users from creating small tactical, ad-hoc applications using sensor networks. Following the success of Web 2.0 “mashups”, we propose a similar lightweight approach for combining enterprise services (e.g. ERPs) with WSNs. Specifically, we discuss the traditional integration solutions, propose and implement an alternative architecture where sensor nodes are accessible according to the REST principles. With this approach, the nodes become part of a “Web of Things” and interacting with them as well as composing their services with existing ones, becomes almost as easy as browsing the web.
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paper_title: Please Permit Me: Stateless Delegated Authorization in Mashups

paper_content:

Mashups have emerged as a Web 2.0 phenomenon, connecting disjoint applications together to provide unified services. However, scalable access control for mashups is difficult. To enable a mashup to gather data from legacy applications and services, users must give the mashup their login names and passwords for those services. This all-or-nothing approach violates the principle of least privilege and leaves users vulnerable to misuse of their credentials by malicious mashups. In this paper, we introduce delegation permits - a stateless approach to access rights delegation in mashups - and describe our complete implementation of a permit-based authorization delegation service. Our protocol and implementation enable fine grained, flexible, and stateless access control and authorization for distributed delegated authorization in mashups, while minimizing attackers' ability to capture and exploit users' authentication credentials.
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paper_title: Towards Accountable Enterprise Mashup Services

paper_content:

As a result of the proliferation of Web 2.0 style Web sites, the practice of mashup services has become increasingly popular in the Web development community. While mashup services bring flexibility and speed in delivering new valuable services to consumers, the issue of accountability associated with the mashup practice remains largely ignored by the industry. Furthermore, realizing the great benefits of mashup services, industry leaders are eagerly pushing these services into the enterprise arena. Although enterprise mashup services hold great promise in delivering a flexible SOA solution in a business context, the lack of accountability in current mashup solutions may render this ineffective in the enterprise environment. This paper defines accountability for mashup services, analyses the underlying issues in practice, and finally proposes a framework and ontology to model accountability. This model may then be used to develop effective accountability solutions for mashup environments.
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paper_title: SNAP : a web-based tool for identification and annotation of proxy SNPs using HapMap

paper_content:

Summary: The interpretation of genome-wide association results is confounded by linkage disequilibrium between nearby alleles. We have developed a flexible bioinformatics query tool for singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify and to annotate nearby SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (proxies) based on HapMap. By offering functionality to generate graphical plots for these data, the SNAP server will facilitate interpretation and comparison of genomewide association study results, and the design of fine-mapping experiments (by delineating genomic regions harboring associated variants and their proxies). Availability: SNAP server is available at http://www.broad.mit.edu/
---
paper_title: OpenID 2.0: a platform for user-centric identity management

paper_content:

With the advancement in user-centric and URI-based identity systems over the past two years, it has become clear that a single specification will not be the solution to all problems. Rather, like the other layers of the Internet, developing small, interoperable specifications that are independently implementable and useful will ultimately lead to market adoption of these technologies. This is the intent of the OpenID framework. OpenID Authentication 1.0 began as a lightweight HTTP-based URL authentication protocol. OpenID Authentication 2.0 it is now turning into an open community-driven platform that allows and encourages innovation. It supports both URLs and XRIs as user identifiers, uses Yadis XRDS documents for identity service discovery, adds stronger security, and supports both public and private identifiers. With continuing convergence under this broad umbrella, the OpenID framework is emerging as a viable solution for Internet-scale user-centric identity infrastructure.
---
paper_title: Mashlight: a Lightweight Mashup Framework for Everyone

paper_content:

Recently, Web 2.0 has brought a storm on web application development. In particular, mashups have greatly enhanced user creativity across the web, allowing end-users to rapidly combine information from diverse sources, and integrate them into “new” goal-oriented applications. In the meantime, widgets (also built with Web 2.0 technology) have also gained a lot of momentum. Indeed, they have become ever more present in our every day lives, even appearing as first class players in our operating systems (e.g., Mac OS X and Windows 7). In this paper we present Mashlight: a lightweight framework for creating and executing mashups that combines these two worlds. Indeed, it provides users with a simple means to create “process-like” mashups using “widget-like” Web 2.0 applications. Even users that have no technical knowhow can string together building blocks –taken from an extensible library– to define the application they need. The framework is implemented using common Web technology, meaning our mashups can be run from different kinds of devices, in a lightweight fashion without the overhead of a complex application server. The paper presents the main concepts behind Mashlight blocks and Mashlight processes, and demonstrate our prototype on a concrete example.
---
paper_title: Potluck: data mash-up tool for casual users

paper_content:

As more and more reusable structured data appears on the Web, casual users will want to take into their own hands the task of mashing up data rather than wait for mash-up sites to be built that address exactly their individually unique needs. In this paper, we present Potluck, a Web user interface that lets casual users--those without programming skills and data modeling expertise--mash up data themselves. ::: ::: Potluck is novel in its use of drag and drop for merging fields, its integration and extension of the faceted browsing paradigm for focusing on subsets of data to align, and its application of simultaneous editing for cleaning up data syntactically. Potluck also lets the user construct rich visualizations of data in-place as the user aligns and cleans up the data. This iterative process of integrating the data while constructing useful visualizations is desirable when the user is unfamiliar with the data at the beginning--a common case--and wishes to get immediate value out of the data without having to spend the overhead of completely and perfectly integrating the data first. ::: ::: A user study on Potluck indicated that it was usable and learnable, and elicited excitement from programmers who, even with their programming skills, previously had great difficulties performing data integration.
---
paper_title: Increasing the visibility of web-based information systems via client-side mash-ups

paper_content:

A self-aligning dome nut having a base member for connection into a hole or aperture of a mounting plate by a pressing operation. The base member has a neck portion on one side for connection into the hole and a cavity on its other side into which a nut member is loosely positioned. A protective dome encloses the cavity and covers the nut member. The dome is connected to the base member to leave an exposed portion on its other side for direct application of a clamping force during attachment of the dome nut to the support member. An insulting washer is disposed around the neck portion of the base member between it and the mounting plate, the insulating washer is sized to electrically isolate the nut from the support member and preclude electrical arcing therebetween.
---
paper_title: Mashing up visual languages and web mash-ups

paper_content:

Research on Web mashups and visual languages share an interest in human-centered computing. Both research communities are concerned with supporting programming by everyday, technically inexpert users. Visual programming environments have been a focus for both communities, and we believe that there is much to be gained by further discussion between these research communities. In this paper we explore some connections between web mashups and visual languages, and try to identify what each might be able to learn from the other. Our goal is to establish a framework for a dialog between the communities, and to promote the exchange of ideas and our respective understandings of human-centered computing.
---
paper_title: Application framework with demand-driven mashup for selective browsing

paper_content:

This paper proposes a mashup framework for creating flexible mashup applications in which the user can selectively browse through mashup items. Our framework provides a data management engine for on-demand data generation, and GUI components called widgets that can be used to browse through mashed-up data selectively. The application developer has to only prepare a mashup relation specifying the web service combinations and widget configurations specifying how to display the mashed-up data. On the basis of these configurations, widgets monitor user interactions and requests data from the data management engine that processes the demand-driven creation of mashed-up data. To enable selective browsing, a table widget, for instance, allows selection of columns to be displayed, provides a limited view with scroll bars, and filtering facilities. Our framework also offers a mechanism for widget coordination where a widget can change the display target according to states or events of other widgets. We introduce a sample application for tour planning using five cooperative widgets, and discuss the usability and performance advantages of our framework.
---
paper_title: End-user programming of mashups with vegemite

paper_content:

Mashups are an increasingly popular way to integrate data from multiple web sites to fit a particular need, but it often requires substantial technical expertise to create them. To lower the barrier for creating mashups, we have extended the CoScripter web automation tool with a spreadsheet-like environment called Vegemite. Our system uses direct-manipulation and programming-by-demonstration tech-niques to automatically populate tables with information collected from various web sites. A particular strength of our approach is its ability to augment a data set with new values computed by a web site, such as determining the driving distance from a particular location to each of the addresses in a data set. An informal user study suggests that Vegemite may enable a wider class of users to address their information needs.
---
paper_title: User-friendly functional programming for web mashups

paper_content:

MashMaker is a web-based tool that makes it easy for a normal user to create web mashups by browsing around, without needing to type, or plan in advance what they want to do. Like a web browser, Mashmaker allows users to create mashups by browsing, rather than writing code, and allows users to bookmark interesting things they find, forming new widgets - reusable mashup fragments. Like a spreadsheet, MashMaker mixes program and data and allows ad-hoc unstructured editing of programs. MashMaker is also a modern functional programming language with non-side effecting expressions, higher order functions, and lazy evaluation. MashMaker programs can be manipulated either textually, or through an interactive tree representation, in which a program is presented together with the values it produces. In order to cope with this unusual domain, MashMaker contains a number of deviations from normal function languages. The most notable of these is that, in order to allow the programmer to write programs directly on their data, all data is stored in a single tree, and evaluation of an expression always takes place at a specific point in this tree, which also functions as its scope.
---
paper_title: Predicting Service Mashup Candidates Using Enhanced Syntactical Message Management

paper_content:

The descriptiveness of capabilities advertised on service-oriented architectures provides a promising platform for crafting new knowledge. Service mashup has been introduced as an approach for integrating the information provided from multiple Web services into one common operational picture. In the future, scale will be a barrier to these types of approaches. With the entry and exit of large numbers of services on the Internet, it will be difficult to find and suggest the most relevant service candidates for new mashups. In this work, we present an efficient syntactical approach for actively discovering Web service candidates for service mashups. This approach leverages the message naming characteristics of the developers and of the target service repository to inform search algorithms. Favorable precision results are described based on experimentation executed on an open repository of Web service from the Internet.
---
paper_title: An Intelligent Ontology and Bayesian Network Based Semantic Mashup for Tourism

paper_content:

A common perception is that there are two competing vision for the future evolution of the Web: the Semantic Web and Web 2.0. In fact, Semantic Web technologies must integrate with Web 2.0 services for both to leverage each otherpsilas strengths. This paper illustrates how Semantic Web technologies can support information integration and make it easy to create semantic mashups. An intelligent recommendation system for tourism is presented to show the efficiency of our method. Through the ontology of tourism, the system allows the integration of heterogeneous online travel information. Based on Bayesian network technique method, the system recommends tourist attractions to a user by taking into account the travel behaviour both of the user and of other users.
---
paper_title: Potluck: data mash-up tool for casual users

paper_content:

As more and more reusable structured data appears on the Web, casual users will want to take into their own hands the task of mashing up data rather than wait for mash-up sites to be built that address exactly their individually unique needs. In this paper, we present Potluck, a Web user interface that lets casual users--those without programming skills and data modeling expertise--mash up data themselves. ::: ::: Potluck is novel in its use of drag and drop for merging fields, its integration and extension of the faceted browsing paradigm for focusing on subsets of data to align, and its application of simultaneous editing for cleaning up data syntactically. Potluck also lets the user construct rich visualizations of data in-place as the user aligns and cleans up the data. This iterative process of integrating the data while constructing useful visualizations is desirable when the user is unfamiliar with the data at the beginning--a common case--and wishes to get immediate value out of the data without having to spend the overhead of completely and perfectly integrating the data first. ::: ::: A user study on Potluck indicated that it was usable and learnable, and elicited excitement from programmers who, even with their programming skills, previously had great difficulties performing data integration.
---
paper_title: sMash: semantic-based mashup navigation for data API network

paper_content:

With the proliferation of data APIs, it is not uncommon that users who have no clear ideas about data APIs will encounter difficulties to build Mashups to satisfy their requirements. In this paper, we present a semantic-based mashup navigation system, sMash that makes mashup building easy by constructing and visualizing a real-life data API network. We build a sample network by gathering more than 300 popular APIs and find that the relationships between them are so complex that our system will play an important role in navigating users and give them inspiration to build interesting mashups easily. The system is accessible at: http://www.dart.zju.edu.cn/mashup.
---
paper_title: Current solutions for Web service composition

paper_content:

Web service composition lets developers create applications on top of service-oriented computing's native description, discovery, and communication capabilities. Such applications are rapidly deployable and offer developers reuse possibilities and users seamless access to a variety of complex services. There are many existing approaches to service composition, ranging from abstract methods to those aiming to be industry standards. The authors describe four key issues for Web service composition.
---
paper_title: Application framework with demand-driven mashup for selective browsing

paper_content:

This paper proposes a mashup framework for creating flexible mashup applications in which the user can selectively browse through mashup items. Our framework provides a data management engine for on-demand data generation, and GUI components called widgets that can be used to browse through mashed-up data selectively. The application developer has to only prepare a mashup relation specifying the web service combinations and widget configurations specifying how to display the mashed-up data. On the basis of these configurations, widgets monitor user interactions and requests data from the data management engine that processes the demand-driven creation of mashed-up data. To enable selective browsing, a table widget, for instance, allows selection of columns to be displayed, provides a limited view with scroll bars, and filtering facilities. Our framework also offers a mechanism for widget coordination where a widget can change the display target according to states or events of other widgets. We introduce a sample application for tour planning using five cooperative widgets, and discuss the usability and performance advantages of our framework.
---
paper_title: User-friendly functional programming for web mashups

paper_content:

MashMaker is a web-based tool that makes it easy for a normal user to create web mashups by browsing around, without needing to type, or plan in advance what they want to do. Like a web browser, Mashmaker allows users to create mashups by browsing, rather than writing code, and allows users to bookmark interesting things they find, forming new widgets - reusable mashup fragments. Like a spreadsheet, MashMaker mixes program and data and allows ad-hoc unstructured editing of programs. MashMaker is also a modern functional programming language with non-side effecting expressions, higher order functions, and lazy evaluation. MashMaker programs can be manipulated either textually, or through an interactive tree representation, in which a program is presented together with the values it produces. In order to cope with this unusual domain, MashMaker contains a number of deviations from normal function languages. The most notable of these is that, in order to allow the programmer to write programs directly on their data, all data is stored in a single tree, and evaluation of an expression always takes place at a specific point in this tree, which also functions as its scope.
---
paper_title: Predicting Service Mashup Candidates Using Enhanced Syntactical Message Management

paper_content:

The descriptiveness of capabilities advertised on service-oriented architectures provides a promising platform for crafting new knowledge. Service mashup has been introduced as an approach for integrating the information provided from multiple Web services into one common operational picture. In the future, scale will be a barrier to these types of approaches. With the entry and exit of large numbers of services on the Internet, it will be difficult to find and suggest the most relevant service candidates for new mashups. In this work, we present an efficient syntactical approach for actively discovering Web service candidates for service mashups. This approach leverages the message naming characteristics of the developers and of the target service repository to inform search algorithms. Favorable precision results are described based on experimentation executed on an open repository of Web service from the Internet.
---
paper_title: An Intelligent Ontology and Bayesian Network Based Semantic Mashup for Tourism

paper_content:

A common perception is that there are two competing vision for the future evolution of the Web: the Semantic Web and Web 2.0. In fact, Semantic Web technologies must integrate with Web 2.0 services for both to leverage each otherpsilas strengths. This paper illustrates how Semantic Web technologies can support information integration and make it easy to create semantic mashups. An intelligent recommendation system for tourism is presented to show the efficiency of our method. Through the ontology of tourism, the system allows the integration of heterogeneous online travel information. Based on Bayesian network technique method, the system recommends tourist attractions to a user by taking into account the travel behaviour both of the user and of other users.
---
paper_title: sMash: semantic-based mashup navigation for data API network

paper_content:

With the proliferation of data APIs, it is not uncommon that users who have no clear ideas about data APIs will encounter difficulties to build Mashups to satisfy their requirements. In this paper, we present a semantic-based mashup navigation system, sMash that makes mashup building easy by constructing and visualizing a real-life data API network. We build a sample network by gathering more than 300 popular APIs and find that the relationships between them are so complex that our system will play an important role in navigating users and give them inspiration to build interesting mashups easily. The system is accessible at: http://www.dart.zju.edu.cn/mashup.
---
paper_title: MU: an hybrid language for Web Mashups

paper_content:

Web Mashup, Web 2.0, recombinant or remixable Web are all terms with the same meaning: informally, they express the possibility of building applications that are able to manage data contained in dierent repositories exposed as Web services. The availability of a broad range of Web services for dierent purposes and domains, from online bids to the weather forecasts, motivates the development of several different mashup applications throwing up a wide class of problems related, mainly, to the data format interoperability. The high number of the data formats, together with a huge technological heterogeneity creates the need for a framework that easily allows the development of such mashup applications. The main objective of this paper, therefore, is to present a novel approach based on a hybrid functional-logic high-level language called MU that allows the description of data source aggregation and the manipulation and presentation phases over multiple external sources with an extremely compact and exible syntax. We also present an eective use case implemented using "em-up", our reference implementation of the MU language, where an example of mashup application is shown in detail.
---
paper_title: Cloud-based Enterprise Mashup Integration Services for B2B Scenarios

paper_content:

We observe a huge demand for situational and ad-hoc applications desired by the mass of business end-users that cannot be fully implemented by IT departments. This is especially the case with regard to solutions that support infrequent, situational, and ad-hoc B2B scenarios. End users are not able to implement such solutions without the help of developers. Enterprise Mashup-/ and Lightweight Composition approaches and tools are promising solutions to unleash the huge potential of integrating the mass of end users into development and to overcome this \long-tail" dilemma. In this work, we summarize dierent patterns on how to real
---
paper_title: Market Overview of Enterprise Mashup Tools

paper_content:

A new paradigm, known as Enterprise Mashups, has been gain momentum during the last years. By empowering actual business end-users to create and adapt individual enterprise applications, Enterprise Mashups implicate a shift concerning a collaborative software development and consumption process. Upcoming Mashup tools prove the growing relevance of this paradigm in the industry, both in the consumer and enterprise-oriented market. However, a market overview of the different tools is still missing. In this paper, we introduce a classification of Mashup tools and evaluate selected tools of the different clusters according to the perspectives general information, functionality and usability. Finally, we classify more than 30 tools in the designed classification model and present the observed market trends in context of Enterprise Mashups.
---
paper_title: User-friendly functional programming for web mashups

paper_content:

MashMaker is a web-based tool that makes it easy for a normal user to create web mashups by browsing around, without needing to type, or plan in advance what they want to do. Like a web browser, Mashmaker allows users to create mashups by browsing, rather than writing code, and allows users to bookmark interesting things they find, forming new widgets - reusable mashup fragments. Like a spreadsheet, MashMaker mixes program and data and allows ad-hoc unstructured editing of programs. MashMaker is also a modern functional programming language with non-side effecting expressions, higher order functions, and lazy evaluation. MashMaker programs can be manipulated either textually, or through an interactive tree representation, in which a program is presented together with the values it produces. In order to cope with this unusual domain, MashMaker contains a number of deviations from normal function languages. The most notable of these is that, in order to allow the programmer to write programs directly on their data, all data is stored in a single tree, and evaluation of an expression always takes place at a specific point in this tree, which also functions as its scope.
---
paper_title: Please Permit Me: Stateless Delegated Authorization in Mashups

paper_content:

Mashups have emerged as a Web 2.0 phenomenon, connecting disjoint applications together to provide unified services. However, scalable access control for mashups is difficult. To enable a mashup to gather data from legacy applications and services, users must give the mashup their login names and passwords for those services. This all-or-nothing approach violates the principle of least privilege and leaves users vulnerable to misuse of their credentials by malicious mashups. In this paper, we introduce delegation permits - a stateless approach to access rights delegation in mashups - and describe our complete implementation of a permit-based authorization delegation service. Our protocol and implementation enable fine grained, flexible, and stateless access control and authorization for distributed delegated authorization in mashups, while minimizing attackers' ability to capture and exploit users' authentication credentials.
---
paper_title: Cloud-based Enterprise Mashup Integration Services for B2B Scenarios

paper_content:

We observe a huge demand for situational and ad-hoc applications desired by the mass of business end-users that cannot be fully implemented by IT departments. This is especially the case with regard to solutions that support infrequent, situational, and ad-hoc B2B scenarios. End users are not able to implement such solutions without the help of developers. Enterprise Mashup-/ and Lightweight Composition approaches and tools are promising solutions to unleash the huge potential of integrating the mass of end users into development and to overcome this \long-tail" dilemma. In this work, we summarize dierent patterns on how to real
---
paper_title: End-user programming of mashups with vegemite

paper_content:

Mashups are an increasingly popular way to integrate data from multiple web sites to fit a particular need, but it often requires substantial technical expertise to create them. To lower the barrier for creating mashups, we have extended the CoScripter web automation tool with a spreadsheet-like environment called Vegemite. Our system uses direct-manipulation and programming-by-demonstration tech-niques to automatically populate tables with information collected from various web sites. A particular strength of our approach is its ability to augment a data set with new values computed by a web site, such as determining the driving distance from a particular location to each of the addresses in a data set. An informal user study suggests that Vegemite may enable a wider class of users to address their information needs.
---
paper_title: User-friendly functional programming for web mashups

paper_content:

MashMaker is a web-based tool that makes it easy for a normal user to create web mashups by browsing around, without needing to type, or plan in advance what they want to do. Like a web browser, Mashmaker allows users to create mashups by browsing, rather than writing code, and allows users to bookmark interesting things they find, forming new widgets - reusable mashup fragments. Like a spreadsheet, MashMaker mixes program and data and allows ad-hoc unstructured editing of programs. MashMaker is also a modern functional programming language with non-side effecting expressions, higher order functions, and lazy evaluation. MashMaker programs can be manipulated either textually, or through an interactive tree representation, in which a program is presented together with the values it produces. In order to cope with this unusual domain, MashMaker contains a number of deviations from normal function languages. The most notable of these is that, in order to allow the programmer to write programs directly on their data, all data is stored in a single tree, and evaluation of an expression always takes place at a specific point in this tree, which also functions as its scope.
---
paper_title: Predicting Service Mashup Candidates Using Enhanced Syntactical Message Management

paper_content:

The descriptiveness of capabilities advertised on service-oriented architectures provides a promising platform for crafting new knowledge. Service mashup has been introduced as an approach for integrating the information provided from multiple Web services into one common operational picture. In the future, scale will be a barrier to these types of approaches. With the entry and exit of large numbers of services on the Internet, it will be difficult to find and suggest the most relevant service candidates for new mashups. In this work, we present an efficient syntactical approach for actively discovering Web service candidates for service mashups. This approach leverages the message naming characteristics of the developers and of the target service repository to inform search algorithms. Favorable precision results are described based on experimentation executed on an open repository of Web service from the Internet.
---
paper_title: Please Permit Me: Stateless Delegated Authorization in Mashups

paper_content:

Mashups have emerged as a Web 2.0 phenomenon, connecting disjoint applications together to provide unified services. However, scalable access control for mashups is difficult. To enable a mashup to gather data from legacy applications and services, users must give the mashup their login names and passwords for those services. This all-or-nothing approach violates the principle of least privilege and leaves users vulnerable to misuse of their credentials by malicious mashups. In this paper, we introduce delegation permits - a stateless approach to access rights delegation in mashups - and describe our complete implementation of a permit-based authorization delegation service. Our protocol and implementation enable fine grained, flexible, and stateless access control and authorization for distributed delegated authorization in mashups, while minimizing attackers' ability to capture and exploit users' authentication credentials.
---
paper_title: An Intelligent Ontology and Bayesian Network Based Semantic Mashup for Tourism

paper_content:

A common perception is that there are two competing vision for the future evolution of the Web: the Semantic Web and Web 2.0. In fact, Semantic Web technologies must integrate with Web 2.0 services for both to leverage each otherpsilas strengths. This paper illustrates how Semantic Web technologies can support information integration and make it easy to create semantic mashups. An intelligent recommendation system for tourism is presented to show the efficiency of our method. Through the ontology of tourism, the system allows the integration of heterogeneous online travel information. Based on Bayesian network technique method, the system recommends tourist attractions to a user by taking into account the travel behaviour both of the user and of other users.
---
paper_title: OpenID 2.0: a platform for user-centric identity management

paper_content:

With the advancement in user-centric and URI-based identity systems over the past two years, it has become clear that a single specification will not be the solution to all problems. Rather, like the other layers of the Internet, developing small, interoperable specifications that are independently implementable and useful will ultimately lead to market adoption of these technologies. This is the intent of the OpenID framework. OpenID Authentication 1.0 began as a lightweight HTTP-based URL authentication protocol. OpenID Authentication 2.0 it is now turning into an open community-driven platform that allows and encourages innovation. It supports both URLs and XRIs as user identifiers, uses Yadis XRDS documents for identity service discovery, adds stronger security, and supports both public and private identifiers. With continuing convergence under this broad umbrella, the OpenID framework is emerging as a viable solution for Internet-scale user-centric identity infrastructure.
---
paper_title: TOWARDS A REFERENCE MODEL FOR GRASSROOTS ENTERPRISE MASHUP ENVIRONMENTS

paper_content:

A new kind of Web-based application, known as Enterprise Mashups, has gained momentum in the last years: Business users with no or limited programming skills are empowered to leverage in a collaborative manner user friendly building blocks and to combine and reuse existing Web-based resources within minutes to new value added applications in order to solve an individual and ad-hoc business problem. Current discussions of the Mashup paradigm in the scientific community are limited on technical aspects. The collaboration and the peer production management aspects of the Mashup development have received less attention yet. In this paper, we propose a reference model for Enterprise Mashups which provides a foundation to develop and to analyse grassroots Enterprise Mashup environments from a managerial and collaborative perspective. By following the design science research approach, we investigate existing reference models and leverage the St. Gallen Media Reference Model (MRM). The development of Enterprise Mashups is structured by market transaction phases similar to electronic markets. The user roles, the necessary processes and the resulting services are modelled according to the views of the MRM. By means of the SAP Research RoofTop Marketplace prototype we demonstrate the application of the designed reference model for grassroots Enterprise Mashups environments. ::: ::: WINNER OF THE BEST PAPER AWARD. http://www.ecis2009.it
---
paper_title: Mash-o-matic

paper_content:

Web applications called mash-ups combine information of varying granularity from different, possibly disparate, sources. We describe Mash-o-matic, a utility that can extract, clean, and combine disparate information fragments, and automatically generate data for mash-ups and the mash-ups themselves. As an illustration, we generate a mash-up that displays a map of a university campus, and outline the potential benefits of using Mash-o-matic. Mash-o-matic exploits superimposed information (SI), which is new information and structure created in reference to fragments of existing information. Mashomatic is implemented using middleware called the Superimposed Pluggable Architecture for Contexts and Excerpts (SPARCE), and a query processor for SI and referenced information, both parts of our infrastructure to support SI management. We present a high-level description of the mash-up production process and discuss in detail how Mash-o-matic accelerates that process.
---
paper_title: Integrating legacy software into a service oriented architecture

paper_content:

Legacy programs, i. e. programs which have been developed with an outdated technology make-up for the vast majority of programs in many user application environments. It is these programs which actually run the information systems of the business world. Moving to a new technology such as service oriented architecture is impossible without taking these programs along. This contribution presents a tool supported method for achieving that goal. Legacy code is wrapped behind an XML shell which allows individual functions within the programs, to be offered as Web services to any external user. By means of this wrapping technology, a significant part of the company software assets can be preserved within the framework of a service oriented architecture.
---
paper_title: Understanding Mashup Development

paper_content:

Web mashups are Web applications developed using contents and services available online. Despite rapidly increasing interest in mashups, comprehensive development tools and frameworks are lacking, and in most cases mashing up a new application implies a significant manual programming effort. This article overviews current tools, frameworks, and trends that aim to facilitate mashup development. The authors use a set of characteristic dimensions to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of some representative approaches.
---
paper_title: Data Integration Support for Mashups

paper_content:

Mashups are a new type of interactive web applications, combining content from multiple services or sources at runtime. While many such mashups are being developed most of them support rather simple data integration tasks. We therefore propose a framework for the development of more complex dynamic data integration mashups. The framework consists of components for query generation and online matching as well as for additional data transformation. Our architecture supports interactive and sequential result refinement to improve the quality of the presented result stepby-step by executing more elaborate queries when necessary. A script-based definition of mashups facilitates the development as well as the dynamic execution of mashups. We illustrate our approach by a powerful mashup implementation combining bibliographic data to dynamically calculate citation counts for venues and authors.
---
paper_title: Towards a mashup-driven end-user programming of SOA-based applications

paper_content:

Recent technologies and standards in the field of Service-Orientated Architectures (SOA) have focused on Service-to-Service interaction and do not consider Service-to-User scenarios. This results in a lack of a service-consumer-orientation in order to empower the user to get easy access to the functionalities of services. The paper argues for the need of new concepts that extend existing mashup approaches to enable a more end-user driven application development. It presents an insight into existing mashup technologies and identifies shortcomings concerning the creation of more complex applications. The paper offers ways how to extend the existing concepts and shows their potential as a key technology for an end-user programming in the field of SOA. The empowerment of the actual service consumer can bridge the gap between the user and the service infrastructure.
---
paper_title: Mashing up visual languages and web mash-ups

paper_content:

Research on Web mashups and visual languages share an interest in human-centered computing. Both research communities are concerned with supporting programming by everyday, technically inexpert users. Visual programming environments have been a focus for both communities, and we believe that there is much to be gained by further discussion between these research communities. In this paper we explore some connections between web mashups and visual languages, and try to identify what each might be able to learn from the other. Our goal is to establish a framework for a dialog between the communities, and to promote the exchange of ideas and our respective understandings of human-centered computing.
---
paper_title: Rapid development of spreadsheet-based web mashups

paper_content:

The rapid growth of social networking sites and web communities have motivated web sites to expose their APIs to external developers who create mashups by assembling existing functionalities. Current APIs, however, aim toward developers with programming expertise; they are not directly usable by wider class of users who do not have programming background, but would nevertheless like to build their own mashups. To address this need, we propose a spreadsheet-based Web mashups development framework, which enables users to develop mashups in the popular spreadsheet environment. First, we provide a mechanism that makes structured data first class values of spreadsheet cells. Second, we propose a new component model that can be used to develop fairly sophisticated mashups, involving joining data sources and keeping spreadsheet data up to date. Third, to simplify mashup development, we provide a collection of spreadsheet-based mashup patterns that captures common Web data access and spreadsheet presentation functionalities. Users can reuse and customize these patterns to build spreadsheet-based Web mashups instead of developing them from scratch. Fourth, we enable users to manipulate structured data presented on spreadsheet in a drag-and-drop fashion. Finally, we have developed and tested a proof-of-concept prototype to demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework.
---
paper_title: End-user programming of mashups with vegemite

paper_content:

Mashups are an increasingly popular way to integrate data from multiple web sites to fit a particular need, but it often requires substantial technical expertise to create them. To lower the barrier for creating mashups, we have extended the CoScripter web automation tool with a spreadsheet-like environment called Vegemite. Our system uses direct-manipulation and programming-by-demonstration tech-niques to automatically populate tables with information collected from various web sites. A particular strength of our approach is its ability to augment a data set with new values computed by a web site, such as determining the driving distance from a particular location to each of the addresses in a data set. An informal user study suggests that Vegemite may enable a wider class of users to address their information needs.
---
paper_title: User-friendly functional programming for web mashups

paper_content:

MashMaker is a web-based tool that makes it easy for a normal user to create web mashups by browsing around, without needing to type, or plan in advance what they want to do. Like a web browser, Mashmaker allows users to create mashups by browsing, rather than writing code, and allows users to bookmark interesting things they find, forming new widgets - reusable mashup fragments. Like a spreadsheet, MashMaker mixes program and data and allows ad-hoc unstructured editing of programs. MashMaker is also a modern functional programming language with non-side effecting expressions, higher order functions, and lazy evaluation. MashMaker programs can be manipulated either textually, or through an interactive tree representation, in which a program is presented together with the values it produces. In order to cope with this unusual domain, MashMaker contains a number of deviations from normal function languages. The most notable of these is that, in order to allow the programmer to write programs directly on their data, all data is stored in a single tree, and evaluation of an expression always takes place at a specific point in this tree, which also functions as its scope.
---
paper_title: Towards Accountable Enterprise Mashup Services

paper_content:

As a result of the proliferation of Web 2.0 style Web sites, the practice of mashup services has become increasingly popular in the Web development community. While mashup services bring flexibility and speed in delivering new valuable services to consumers, the issue of accountability associated with the mashup practice remains largely ignored by the industry. Furthermore, realizing the great benefits of mashup services, industry leaders are eagerly pushing these services into the enterprise arena. Although enterprise mashup services hold great promise in delivering a flexible SOA solution in a business context, the lack of accountability in current mashup solutions may render this ineffective in the enterprise environment. This paper defines accountability for mashup services, analyses the underlying issues in practice, and finally proposes a framework and ontology to model accountability. This model may then be used to develop effective accountability solutions for mashup environments.
---
paper_title: Mashlight: a Lightweight Mashup Framework for Everyone

paper_content:

Recently, Web 2.0 has brought a storm on web application development. In particular, mashups have greatly enhanced user creativity across the web, allowing end-users to rapidly combine information from diverse sources, and integrate them into “new” goal-oriented applications. In the meantime, widgets (also built with Web 2.0 technology) have also gained a lot of momentum. Indeed, they have become ever more present in our every day lives, even appearing as first class players in our operating systems (e.g., Mac OS X and Windows 7). In this paper we present Mashlight: a lightweight framework for creating and executing mashups that combines these two worlds. Indeed, it provides users with a simple means to create “process-like” mashups using “widget-like” Web 2.0 applications. Even users that have no technical knowhow can string together building blocks –taken from an extensible library– to define the application they need. The framework is implemented using common Web technology, meaning our mashups can be run from different kinds of devices, in a lightweight fashion without the overhead of a complex application server. The paper presents the main concepts behind Mashlight blocks and Mashlight processes, and demonstrate our prototype on a concrete example.
---
paper_title: Potluck: data mash-up tool for casual users

paper_content:

As more and more reusable structured data appears on the Web, casual users will want to take into their own hands the task of mashing up data rather than wait for mash-up sites to be built that address exactly their individually unique needs. In this paper, we present Potluck, a Web user interface that lets casual users--those without programming skills and data modeling expertise--mash up data themselves. ::: ::: Potluck is novel in its use of drag and drop for merging fields, its integration and extension of the faceted browsing paradigm for focusing on subsets of data to align, and its application of simultaneous editing for cleaning up data syntactically. Potluck also lets the user construct rich visualizations of data in-place as the user aligns and cleans up the data. This iterative process of integrating the data while constructing useful visualizations is desirable when the user is unfamiliar with the data at the beginning--a common case--and wishes to get immediate value out of the data without having to spend the overhead of completely and perfectly integrating the data first. ::: ::: A user study on Potluck indicated that it was usable and learnable, and elicited excitement from programmers who, even with their programming skills, previously had great difficulties performing data integration.
---
paper_title: Mash-o-matic

paper_content:

Web applications called mash-ups combine information of varying granularity from different, possibly disparate, sources. We describe Mash-o-matic, a utility that can extract, clean, and combine disparate information fragments, and automatically generate data for mash-ups and the mash-ups themselves. As an illustration, we generate a mash-up that displays a map of a university campus, and outline the potential benefits of using Mash-o-matic. Mash-o-matic exploits superimposed information (SI), which is new information and structure created in reference to fragments of existing information. Mashomatic is implemented using middleware called the Superimposed Pluggable Architecture for Contexts and Excerpts (SPARCE), and a query processor for SI and referenced information, both parts of our infrastructure to support SI management. We present a high-level description of the mash-up production process and discuss in detail how Mash-o-matic accelerates that process.
---
paper_title: A methodology for quality-based mashup of data sources

paper_content:

The concept of mashup is gaining tremendous popularity and its application can be seen in a large number of domains. Enterprises using and relying upon mashup have improved their mass collaboration and personalization. In order for mashup technology to be widely accepted and widely used, we need a methodology by which can make use of the quality of the input to the mashup process as a governing principle to carry out mashup. This paper reviews the concept of mashup in different domains and proposes a conceptual solution framework for providing quality based mashup process.
---
paper_title: Increasing the visibility of web-based information systems via client-side mash-ups

paper_content:

A self-aligning dome nut having a base member for connection into a hole or aperture of a mounting plate by a pressing operation. The base member has a neck portion on one side for connection into the hole and a cavity on its other side into which a nut member is loosely positioned. A protective dome encloses the cavity and covers the nut member. The dome is connected to the base member to leave an exposed portion on its other side for direct application of a clamping force during attachment of the dome nut to the support member. An insulting washer is disposed around the neck portion of the base member between it and the mounting plate, the insulating washer is sized to electrically isolate the nut from the support member and preclude electrical arcing therebetween.
---
paper_title: Integrating legacy software into a service oriented architecture

paper_content:

Legacy programs, i. e. programs which have been developed with an outdated technology make-up for the vast majority of programs in many user application environments. It is these programs which actually run the information systems of the business world. Moving to a new technology such as service oriented architecture is impossible without taking these programs along. This contribution presents a tool supported method for achieving that goal. Legacy code is wrapped behind an XML shell which allows individual functions within the programs, to be offered as Web services to any external user. By means of this wrapping technology, a significant part of the company software assets can be preserved within the framework of a service oriented architecture.
---

Title: Mashups: A Literature Review and Classification Framework

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Discuss the background and context of Web 2.0, the emergence of mashup applications, and their significance in current web development.

Section 2: Review Methodology
Description 2: Describe the methodology used to conduct the literature review, including the process of gathering publications and identifying subtopics in mashup research.

Section 3: Literature Review
Description 3: Present the result of the literature review, including categorization of mashup research into six main areas and description of the technological challenges and advancements within each category.

Section 4: Access Control and Cross Communication
Description 4: Discuss issues surrounding access control to mashup data, security risks, and methods to provide secure cross communication between backend resources.

Section 5: Mashup Integration
Description 5: Address the challenges and solutions related to the integration of various data sources in mashups, examining different data integration models and methodologies.

Section 6: Mashup Agents
Description 6: Examine tools designed to semantically determine relevant information sources and autonomously include them in the mashup, including AI techniques that support this process.

Section 7: Mashup Frameworks
Description 7: Review frameworks that support the development of mashups, discussing the need for structured approaches to handle heterogeneous data sources and ad-hoc application development.

Section 8: End User Programming
Description 8: Explore the development of languages and tools aimed at enabling nontechnical users to create mashups, discussing both passive and proactive approaches to end-user programming.

Section 9: Enterprise Mashups
Description 9: Investigate the strategic advantages of mashups in enterprise settings, focusing on issues such as accountability, design principles, and integration with legacy systems.

Section 10: Mashup Classification Framework
Description 10: Aggregate the characterizing attributes from each research category into an overarching classification framework to aid researchers and developers in understanding and designing mashup environments.

Section 11: Future Research
Description 11: Highlight areas for future research, identifying open questions and challenges remaining in the field of mashup development and application.

Section 12: Conclusions
Description 12: Summarize the key findings of the literature review, emphasizing the identified themes and their implications for future research and practical application in mashup development.

Section 13: Appendix A. Literature Classification
Description 13: Provide a comprehensive summary of the classified literature, including the category, title, synopsis, and classification of each reviewed publication.