A Survey on Detection of Sinkhole Attack in Wireless Sensor Network
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paper_title: Secured Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

paper_content:

Wireless sensor networks are collections of large number of sensor nodes. The sensor nodes are featured with limited energy, computation and transmission power. Each node in the network coordinates with every other node in forwarding their packets to reach the destination. Since these nodes operate in a physically insecure environment; they are vulnerable to different types of attacks such as selective forwarding and sinkhole. These attacks can inject malicious packets by compromising the node. Geographical routing protocols of wireless sensor networks have been developed without considering the security aspects against these attacks. In this paper, a secure routing protocol named secured greedy perimeter stateless routing protocol (S-GPSR) is proposed for mobile sensor networks by incorporating trust based mechanism in the existing greedy perimeter stateless routing protocol (GPSR). Simulation results prove that S-GPSR outperforms the GPSR by reducing the overhead and improving the delivery ratio of the networks.
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paper_title: SeRA: A Secure Routing Algorithm Against Sinkhole Attacks for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

paper_content:

sinkhole attacks are particularly harmful against routing in wireless sensor networks in which the intruder attempts to lure all traffic towards itself, with false routing information. It gives serious damage to the network load balancing, as well as other types of attacks to provide a platform. So it is very important to prevent and detect this type of attack. In this paper, we present a secure routing algorithm against sinkholes attacks based on mobile agents designed for mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSN) and show how it can be configured to avoid sinkhole attacks.
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paper_title: Intrusion detection of sinkhole attacks in large-scale wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

In wireless sensor networks, an adversary may deploy malicious nodes into the network and launch various attacks. These nodes are collectively called compromised nodes. In this paper, we first analyze the unique features of wireless sensor networks and discuss the challenges for compromised nodes detection. Then we propose a novel algorithm for detecting sinkhole attacks for large-scale wireless sensor networks. We formulate the detection problem as a change-point detection problem. Specifically, we monitor the CPU usage of each sensor node and analyze the consistency of the CPU usage. Thus, the proposed algorithm is able to differentiate between the malicious and the legitimate nodes. Extensive simulations have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
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paper_title: A non cryptographic method of sink hole attack detection in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

A Wireless Sensor network (WSN) consists of large number of low cost low power sensor nodes. The nature of wireless sensor networks makes them very attractive to attackers. One of the most popular and serious attacks in wireless sensor networks is sink hole attack and most existing protocols to defend against this attack used cryptographic methods with keys. In sink hole attack a sensor node will have a lot of false neighbors. Wireless Sensor Network has a dynamic topology, intermittent connectivity, and resource constrained device nodes. Researchers over the past years have encouraged the use of mobile agent to overcome these challenges. The proposed scheme is to defend against sink hole attacks using mobile agents. Mobile agent is a program segment which is self controlling. They navigate from node to node not only transmitting data but also doing computation. They are an effective paradigm for distributed applications, and especially attractive in a dynamic network environment. A routing algorithm with multiple constraints is proposed based on mobile agents. It uses mobile agents to collect information of all mobile sensor nodes to make every node aware of the entire network so that a valid node will not listen the cheating information from malicious or compromised node which leads to sink hole attack. The significant feature of the proposed mechanism is that it does not need any encryption or decryption mechanism to detect the sink hole attack. This mechanism does not require more energy than normal routing protocols like AODV. Here we implement a simulation-based model of our solution to recover from a Sinkhole attack in a Wireless Sensor Network. The mobile agents were developed using the Aglet
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paper_title: An efficient intruder detection algorithm against sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

In a wireless sensor network, multiple nodes would send sensor readings to a base station for further processing. It is known that such a many-to-one communication is highly vulnerable to a sinkhole attack, where an intruder attracts surrounding nodes with unfaithful routing information, and then performs selective forwarding or alters the data passing through it. A sinkhole attack forms a serious threat to sensor networks, particularly considering that the sensor nodes are often deployed in open areas and of weak computation and battery power. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for detecting the intruder in a sinkhole attack. The algorithm first finds a list of suspected nodes through checking data consistency, and then effectively identifies the intruder in the list through analyzing the network flow information. The algorithm is also robust to deal with multiple malicious nodes that cooperatively hide the real intruder. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithm through both numerical analysis and simulations, which confirmed the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm. Our results also suggest that its communication and computation overheads are reasonably low for wireless sensor networks.
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paper_title: Intrusion detection of sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

In this paper, we present an Intrusion Detection System designed for wireless sensor networks and show how it can be configured to detect Sinkhole attacks. A Sinkhole attack forms a serious threat to sensor networks. We study in depth this attack by presenting how it can be launched in realistic networks that use the MintRoute protocol of TinyOS. MintRoute is the most widely used routing protocol in sensor network deployments, using the link quality metric to build the corresponding routing tree. Having implemented this attack in TinyOS, we embed the appropriate rules in our IDS system that will enable it to detect successfully the intruder node. We demonstrate this in our own sensor network deployment and we also present simulation results to confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm in the general case of random topologies.
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paper_title: Wireless Sensor Network Attacks and Security Mechanisms: A Short Survey

paper_content:

Wireless sensor networks are specific adhoc networks. They are characterized by their limited computing power and energy constraints. This paper proposes a study of security in this kind of network. We show what are the specificities and vulnerabilities of wireless sensor networks. We present a list of attacks, which can be found in these particular networks, and how they use their vulnerabilities. Finally we discuss about different solutions made by the scientific community to secure wireless sensor networks.
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paper_title: An efficient intruder detection algorithm against sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

In a wireless sensor network, multiple nodes would send sensor readings to a base station for further processing. It is known that such a many-to-one communication is highly vulnerable to a sinkhole attack, where an intruder attracts surrounding nodes with unfaithful routing information, and then performs selective forwarding or alters the data passing through it. A sinkhole attack forms a serious threat to sensor networks, particularly considering that the sensor nodes are often deployed in open areas and of weak computation and battery power. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for detecting the intruder in a sinkhole attack. The algorithm first finds a list of suspected nodes through checking data consistency, and then effectively identifies the intruder in the list through analyzing the network flow information. The algorithm is also robust to deal with multiple malicious nodes that cooperatively hide the real intruder. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithm through both numerical analysis and simulations, which confirmed the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm. Our results also suggest that its communication and computation overheads are reasonably low for wireless sensor networks.
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paper_title: Countering sinkhole and black hole attacks on sensor networks using Dynamic Trust Management

paper_content:

Wireless sensor networks consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices required to survive in unprotected environments. They are always susceptible to attack by malicious behavior of its routers (nodes) or external enemy nodes which could negatively affect secured routing and QoS and hence, vital wireless multimedia applications. In recent times, a lot of specific severe attacks have been proposed that makes such networks highly vulnerable, such as Sinkholes, the Black hole Attack, etc. However, currently, most security protocols are based on resisting a single attack without a systematic defense against dual and continuous attacks. There is a high possibility that the enemy would try several methods i.e. multiple attacks to compromise the same system in case a particular attack is thwarted. In this paper, we use our dynamic trust management system [DTMS] to propose methods that could counter two such severe attacks on sensor networks. Our major intent is to analyze an attackerpsilas strategy, develop DTMS and show that it is integrated enough to counter both the threats single-handedly. This ensures that network architectures and protocols do not require redefinition for every specific attack. As a consequence, significant time, effort and cost is saved in refraining from relaying the network with different defenses for different attacks every time.
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paper_title: Intrusion detection of sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

In this paper, we present an Intrusion Detection System designed for wireless sensor networks and show how it can be configured to detect Sinkhole attacks. A Sinkhole attack forms a serious threat to sensor networks. We study in depth this attack by presenting how it can be launched in realistic networks that use the MintRoute protocol of TinyOS. MintRoute is the most widely used routing protocol in sensor network deployments, using the link quality metric to build the corresponding routing tree. Having implemented this attack in TinyOS, we embed the appropriate rules in our IDS system that will enable it to detect successfully the intruder node. We demonstrate this in our own sensor network deployment and we also present simulation results to confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm in the general case of random topologies.
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paper_title: Detection of sinkhole attack in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

Generally wireless sensor networks rely of many-to-one communication approach for data gathering. This approach is extremely susceptible to sinkhole attack, where an intruder attracts surrounding nodes with unfaithful routing information, and subsequently presents selective forwarding or change the data that carry through it. A sinkhole attack causes an important threat to sensor networks and it should be considered that the sensor nodes are mostly spread out in open areas and of weak computation and battery power. In order to detect the intruder in a sinkhole attack this paper suggests an algorithm which firstly finds a group of suspected nodes by analyzing the consistency of data. Then, the intruder is recognized efficiently in the group by checking the network flow information. The proposed algorithm's performance has been evaluated by using numerical analysis and simulations. Therefore, accuracy and efficiency of algorithm would be verified.
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paper_title: Detection of sinkhole attack in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

Generally wireless sensor networks rely of many-to-one communication approach for data gathering. This approach is extremely susceptible to sinkhole attack, where an intruder attracts surrounding nodes with unfaithful routing information, and subsequently presents selective forwarding or change the data that carry through it. A sinkhole attack causes an important threat to sensor networks and it should be considered that the sensor nodes are mostly spread out in open areas and of weak computation and battery power. In order to detect the intruder in a sinkhole attack this paper suggests an algorithm which firstly finds a group of suspected nodes by analyzing the consistency of data. Then, the intruder is recognized efficiently in the group by checking the network flow information. The proposed algorithm's performance has been evaluated by using numerical analysis and simulations. Therefore, accuracy and efficiency of algorithm would be verified.
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paper_title: A sinkhole resilient protocol for wireless sensor networks: Performance and security analysis

paper_content:

This work focuses on: (1) understanding the impact of selective forwarding attacks on tree-based routing topologies in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and (2) investigating cryptography-based strategies to limit network degradation caused by sinkhole attacks. The main motivation of our research stems from the following observations. First, WSN protocols that construct a fixed routing topology may be significantly affected by malicious attacks. Second, considering networks deployed in a difficult to access geographical region, building up resilience against such attacks rather than detection is expected to be more beneficial. We thus first provide a simulation study on the impact of malicious attacks based on a diverse set of parameters, such as the network scale and the position and number of malicious nodes. Based on this study, we propose a single but very representative metric for describing this impact. Second, we present the novel design and evaluation of two simple and resilient topology-based reconfiguration protocols that broadcast cryptographic values. The results of our simulation study together with a detailed analysis of the cryptographic overhead (communication, memory, and computational costs) show that our reconfiguration protocols are practical and effective in improving resilience against sinkhole attacks, even in the presence of collusion.
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Title: A Survey on Detection of Sinkhole Attack in Wireless Sensor Network

Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: This section introduces the concept of wireless sensor networks, the security challenges they face, particularly sinkhole attacks, and briefly mentions some existing solutions.

Section 2: SINKHOLE ATTACK
Description 2: This section explains what a sinkhole attack is and how it impacts wireless sensor networks, including specific implementations in MintRoute and TinyAODV protocols.

Section 3: CHALLENGES IN DETECTION OF SINKHOLE ATTACK IN WSNs
Description 3: This section discusses the main challenges in detecting sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks based on literature review, such as communication patterns, unpredictability, insider attacks, resource constraints, and physical attacks.

Section 4: EXISTING APPROACHES
Description 4: This section outlines and describes different approaches proposed by researchers to detect and identify sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks, including rule-based, anomaly-based, statistical methods, hybrid methods, and key management.

Section 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Description 5: This section summarizes the findings of the survey and discusses future directions for research to improve the detection and management of sinkhole attacks in wireless sensor networks.