IOS Press Approaches to Visualising Linked Data: A Survey
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paper_title: User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments

paper_content:

end users are to contribute to the Web of Data as they have to the Web of Documents, they must employ tools that enable them to do so. This challenge is not easy to meet, as formal knowledge representation is a daunting task for the uninitiated. Indeed, we have empirically observed that expressing anything but the most straightforward of facts in RDF-compatible format is extremely difficult for newcomers to do reliably. This paper reports on a controlled experiment in which novices attempted to use a prototype Linked Data interface to both find and encode bits of everyday knowledge. The application presents a user-friendly veneer to the Semantic Web, manifesting the essential graph-based nature of the data model while shielding the user from the complexity of syntax. This allows us to study user behavior in attacking the deep, cognitive problem: breaking down knowledge into the triple-based structure required by RDF Linked Data. Our study sheds light on some of the key aspects of knowledge formulation that novices struggle with, and suggests several specific design approaches for Linked Data authoring environments that our experiment makes clear beneficially address crucial issues.
---
paper_title: Media Meets Semantic Web - How the BBC Uses DBpedia and Linked Data to Make Conections

paper_content:

In this paper, we describe how the BBC is working to integrate data and linking documents across BBC domains by using Semantic Web technology, in particular Linked Data, MusicBrainz and DBpedia. We cover the work of BBC Programmes and BBC Music building Linked Data sites for all music and programmes related brands, and we describe existing projects, ongoing development, and further research we are doing in a joint collaboration between the BBC, Freie Universitat Berlin and Rattle Research in order to use DBpedia as the controlled vocabulary and semantic backbone for the whole BBC.
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paper_title: RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing A collection of attributes and processing rules for extending XHTML to support RDF

paper_content:

The modern Web is made up of an enormous number of documents that have been created using HTML. These documents contain significant amounts of structured data, which is largely unavailable to tools and applications. When publishers can express this data more completely, and when tools can read it, a new world of user functionality becomes available, letting users transfer structured data between applications and web sites, and allowing browsing applications to improve the user experience: an event on a web page can be directly imported into a user’s desktop calendar; a license on a document can be detected so that users can be informed of
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paper_title: Linked Data -- The story so far

paper_content:

The term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.
---
paper_title: Building Linked Data For Both Humans and Machines

paper_content:

In this paper we describe our experience with building the riese dataset, an interlinked, RDF-based version of the Eurostat data, containing statistical data about the European Union. The riese dataset (http://riese.joanneum.at), aims at serving roughly 3 billion RDF triples, along with millions of high-quality interlinks. Our contribution is twofold: Firstly, we suggest using RDFa as the main deployment mechanism, hence serving both humans and machines to effectively and efficiently explore and use the dataset. Secondly, we introduce a new way of enriching the dataset with high-quality links: the User Contributed Interlinking, a Wiki-style way of adding semantic links to data pages.
---
paper_title: Linking Enterprise Data

paper_content:

The “Linking Open Data” community initiative contributed a great deal to the concretization of the web of data, describing best practice, publishing large sets of RDF data on the web, and consequently giving birth to a new area of possibilities for innovative mashups using these data. Enterprises’ information systems too can be envisioned as a space of linked data. We describe herein how we used Linked Data principles in a work intended to foster adoption of semantic web technologies in our company.
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paper_title: RKBExplorer.com: a knowledge driven infrastructure for linked data providers

paper_content:

RKB Explorer is a Semantic Web application that is able to present unified views of a significant number of heterogeneous data sources. We have developed an underlying information infrastructure which is mediated by ontologies and consists of many independent triple-stores, each publicly available through both SPARQL endpoints and resolvable URIs. To realise this synergy of disparate information sources, we have deployed tools to identify co-referent URIs, and devised an architecture to allow the information to be represented and used. This paper provides a brief overview of the system including the underlying infrastructure, and a number of associated tools for both knowledge acquisition and publishing.
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paper_title: Towards a commercial adoption of linked open data for online content providers

paper_content:

Descriptive case studies for a successful commercial adoption of Linked Data are still rare. Little has been said by the Linked Data community concerning the business potential of Linked Data and the challenges lying ahead for all enterprises, intending to use Linked Data in their professional production environments. Motivated from this lack of research and driven by the requirements of commercial content providers, we present a first version of our prototype, aiming to support professional online editors in producing valuable online content, enriched with (multimedia) information from Linked Data sources. We also include a preliminary evaluation of our prototype and a comparison of the prototype against other systems for semantic content enrichement. Though presenting ongoing research, this paper contributes to the current discussion on business aspects related to the provision or consumption of Linked Data.
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paper_title: Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing

paper_content:

This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
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paper_title: DBpedia -- A Crystallization Point for the Web of Data

paper_content:

The DBpedia project is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information accessible on the Web. The resulting DBpedia knowledge base currently describes over 2.6 million entities. For each of these entities, DBpedia defines a globally unique identifier that can be dereferenced over the Web into a rich RDF description of the entity, including human-readable definitions in 30 languages, relationships to other resources, classifications in four concept hierarchies, various facts as well as data-level links to other Web data sources describing the entity. Over the last year, an increasing number of data publishers have begun to set data-level links to DBpedia resources, making DBpedia a central interlinking hub for the emerging Web of Data. Currently, the Web of interlinked data sources around DBpedia provides approximately 4.7 billion pieces of information and covers domains such as geographic information, people, companies, films, music, genes, drugs, books, and scientific publications. This article describes the extraction of the DBpedia knowledge base, the current status of interlinking DBpedia with other data sources on the Web, and gives an overview of applications that facilitate the Web of Data around DBpedia.
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paper_title: Less - template-based syndication and presentation of linked data

paper_content:

Recently, the publishing of structured, semantic information as linked data has gained quite some momentum. For ordinary users on the Internet, however, this information is not yet very visible and (re-) usable. With LESS we present an end-to-end approach for the syndication and use of linked data based on the definition of templates for linked data resources and SPARQL query results. Such syndication templates are edited, published and shared by using a collaborative Web platform. Templates for common types of entities can then be combined with specific, linked data resources or SPARQL query results and integrated into a wide range of applications, such as personal homepages, blogs/wikis, mobile widgets etc. In order to improve reliability and performance of linked data, LESS caches versions either for a certain time span or for the case of inaccessibility of the original source. LESS supports the integration of information from various sources as well as any text-based output formats. This allows not only to generate HTML, but also diagrams, RSS feeds or even complete data mashups without any programming involved.
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paper_title: Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks

paper_content:

Gephi is an open source software for graph and network analysis. It uses a 3D render engine to display large networks in real-time and to speed up the exploration. A flexible and multi-task architecture brings new possibilities to work with complex data sets and produce valuable visual results. We present several key features of Gephi in the context of interactive exploration and interpretation of networks. It provides easy and broad access to network data and allows for spatializing, filtering, navigating, manipulating and clustering. Finally, by presenting dynamic features of Gephi, we highlight key aspects of dynamic network visualization.
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paper_title: Visualization of semantic metadata and ontologies

paper_content:

Implicit information embedded in semantic Web graphs, such as topography, clusters, and disconnected subgraphs is difficult to extract from text files. Visualizations of the graphs can reveal some of these features, but existing systems for visualizing metadata focus on aspects other than understanding the greater structure. We present a tool for generating visualizations of ontologies and metadata by using a modified spring embedder to achieve an automatic layout. Through a case study using a mid-sized ontology, we show that interesting information about the data relationships can be extracted through our visualization of the physical graph structure.
---
paper_title: Linking Enterprise Data

paper_content:

The “Linking Open Data” community initiative contributed a great deal to the concretization of the web of data, describing best practice, publishing large sets of RDF data on the web, and consequently giving birth to a new area of possibilities for innovative mashups using these data. Enterprises’ information systems too can be envisioned as a space of linked data. We describe herein how we used Linked Data principles in a work intended to foster adoption of semantic web technologies in our company.
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paper_title: Weaving the Pedantic Web

paper_content:

Over a decade after RDF has been published as a W3C recommendation, publishing open and machine-readable content on the Web has recently received a lot more attention, including from corporate and governmental bodies; notably thanks to the Linked Open Data community, there now exists a rich vein of heterogeneous RDF data published on the Web (the so-called \Web of Data") accessible to all. However, RDF publishers are prone to making errors which compromise the e ectiveness of applications leveraging the resulting data. In this paper, we discuss common errors in RDF publishing, their consequences for applications, along with possible publisher-oriented approaches to improve the quality of structured, machine-readable and open data on the Web.
---
paper_title: Less - template-based syndication and presentation of linked data

paper_content:

Recently, the publishing of structured, semantic information as linked data has gained quite some momentum. For ordinary users on the Internet, however, this information is not yet very visible and (re-) usable. With LESS we present an end-to-end approach for the syndication and use of linked data based on the definition of templates for linked data resources and SPARQL query results. Such syndication templates are edited, published and shared by using a collaborative Web platform. Templates for common types of entities can then be combined with specific, linked data resources or SPARQL query results and integrated into a wide range of applications, such as personal homepages, blogs/wikis, mobile widgets etc. In order to improve reliability and performance of linked data, LESS caches versions either for a certain time span or for the case of inaccessibility of the original source. LESS supports the integration of information from various sources as well as any text-based output formats. This allows not only to generate HTML, but also diagrams, RSS feeds or even complete data mashups without any programming involved.
---
paper_title: Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics

paper_content:

This is the book form of the Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics to be published by IEEE in 2005.
---
paper_title: User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments

paper_content:

end users are to contribute to the Web of Data as they have to the Web of Documents, they must employ tools that enable them to do so. This challenge is not easy to meet, as formal knowledge representation is a daunting task for the uninitiated. Indeed, we have empirically observed that expressing anything but the most straightforward of facts in RDF-compatible format is extremely difficult for newcomers to do reliably. This paper reports on a controlled experiment in which novices attempted to use a prototype Linked Data interface to both find and encode bits of everyday knowledge. The application presents a user-friendly veneer to the Semantic Web, manifesting the essential graph-based nature of the data model while shielding the user from the complexity of syntax. This allows us to study user behavior in attacking the deep, cognitive problem: breaking down knowledge into the triple-based structure required by RDF Linked Data. Our study sheds light on some of the key aspects of knowledge formulation that novices struggle with, and suggests several specific design approaches for Linked Data authoring environments that our experiment makes clear beneficially address crucial issues.
---
paper_title: A tour through the visualization zoo

paper_content:

THANKS TO ADVANCES in sensing, networking, and data management, our society is producing digital information at an astonishing rate. According to one estimate, in 2010 alone we will generate 1,200 exabytes—60 million times the content of the Library of Congress. Within this deluge of data lies a wealth.
---
paper_title: Media Meets Semantic Web - How the BBC Uses DBpedia and Linked Data to Make Conections

paper_content:

In this paper, we describe how the BBC is working to integrate data and linking documents across BBC domains by using Semantic Web technology, in particular Linked Data, MusicBrainz and DBpedia. We cover the work of BBC Programmes and BBC Music building Linked Data sites for all music and programmes related brands, and we describe existing projects, ongoing development, and further research we are doing in a joint collaboration between the BBC, Freie Universitat Berlin and Rattle Research in order to use DBpedia as the controlled vocabulary and semantic backbone for the whole BBC.
---
paper_title: DBpedia -- A Crystallization Point for the Web of Data

paper_content:

The DBpedia project is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information accessible on the Web. The resulting DBpedia knowledge base currently describes over 2.6 million entities. For each of these entities, DBpedia defines a globally unique identifier that can be dereferenced over the Web into a rich RDF description of the entity, including human-readable definitions in 30 languages, relationships to other resources, classifications in four concept hierarchies, various facts as well as data-level links to other Web data sources describing the entity. Over the last year, an increasing number of data publishers have begun to set data-level links to DBpedia resources, making DBpedia a central interlinking hub for the emerging Web of Data. Currently, the Web of interlinked data sources around DBpedia provides approximately 4.7 billion pieces of information and covers domains such as geographic information, people, companies, films, music, genes, drugs, books, and scientific publications. This article describes the extraction of the DBpedia knowledge base, the current status of interlinking DBpedia with other data sources on the Web, and gives an overview of applications that facilitate the Web of Data around DBpedia.
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paper_title: Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative

paper_content:

Graphics If you think you might like Visual Explanations —perhaps you have heard that it is the third in a series of beautifully produced books about the graphical display of data—then you should buy it. Not many books have been as widely acclaimed by so many readers working in as many different fields as these have. Edward Tufte and his Graphics Press present here the description of strategies for the display of information about "motion, process, mechanism, cause and effect." The author explains that if the first book in the series, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , was about pictures of numbers, and the second, Envisioning Information , about pictures of nouns, then this book is about pictures of verbs. Using a series of beautifully reproduced graphical displays, which are variously witty, delightful, and thought-provoking, Tufte continues our education on how data should be displayed. And, as may be the case
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paper_title: Fresnel - A Browser-Independent Presentation Vocabulary for RDF

paper_content:

Semantic Web browsers and other tools aimed at displaying RDF data to end users are all concerned with the same problem: presenting content primarily intended for machine consumption in a human-readable way. Their solutions differ but in the end address the same two high-level issues, no matter the underlying representation paradigm: specifying (i) what information contained in RDF models should be presented (content selection) and (ii) how this information should be presented (content formatting and styling). However, each tool currently relies on its own ad hoc mechanisms and vocabulary for specifying RDF presentation knowledge, making it difficult to share and reuse such knowledge across applications. Recognizing the general need for presenting RDF content to users and wanting to promote the exchange of presentation knowledge, we developed Fresnel as a browser-independent extensible vocabulary of core RDF display concepts.
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paper_title: Readings in Information Visualization-Using Visualization to Think

paper_content:

A programmable DC power supply including a proportionally controlled transistor connected in series with the load for varying the load current in accordance with the magnitude of a control signal applied to the transistor. A detector coupled across the transistor functions to sense high and low voltage thresholds and thereupon select an incrementally higher or lower voltage for application to the load to assure that the transistor operates continuously in its proportional range, thereby enabling the input signal to maintain control of the load current.
---
paper_title: Visualization of semantic metadata and ontologies

paper_content:

Implicit information embedded in semantic Web graphs, such as topography, clusters, and disconnected subgraphs is difficult to extract from text files. Visualizations of the graphs can reveal some of these features, but existing systems for visualizing metadata focus on aspects other than understanding the greater structure. We present a tool for generating visualizations of ontologies and metadata by using a modified spring embedder to achieve an automatic layout. Through a case study using a mid-sized ontology, we show that interesting information about the data relationships can be extracted through our visualization of the physical graph structure.
---
paper_title: Linked Data -- The story so far

paper_content:

The term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.
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paper_title: Evaluating Information Visualizations

paper_content:

Information visualization research is becoming more established, and as a result, it is becoming increasingly important that research in this field is validated. With the general increase in information visualization research there has also been an increase, albeit disproportionately small, in the amount of empirical work directly focused on information visualization. The purpose of this chapter is to increase awareness of empirical research in general, of its relationship to information visualization in particular; to emphasize its importance; and to encourage thoughtful application of a greater variety of evaluative research methodologies in information visualization.
---
paper_title: Building Linked Data For Both Humans and Machines

paper_content:

In this paper we describe our experience with building the riese dataset, an interlinked, RDF-based version of the Eurostat data, containing statistical data about the European Union. The riese dataset (http://riese.joanneum.at), aims at serving roughly 3 billion RDF triples, along with millions of high-quality interlinks. Our contribution is twofold: Firstly, we suggest using RDFa as the main deployment mechanism, hence serving both humans and machines to effectively and efficiently explore and use the dataset. Secondly, we introduce a new way of enriching the dataset with high-quality links: the User Contributed Interlinking, a Wiki-style way of adding semantic links to data pages.
---
paper_title: Visual analytics: Definition, process, and challenges

paper_content:

We are living in a world which faces a rapidly increasing amount of data to be dealt with on a daily basis. In the last decade, the steady improvement of data storage devices and means to create and collect data along the way influenced our way of dealing with information: Most of the time, data is stored without filtering and refinement for later use. Virtually every branch of industry or business, and any political or personal activity nowadays generate vast amounts of data. Making matters worse, the possibilities to collect and store data increase at a faster rate than our ability to use it for making decisions. However, in most applications, raw data has no value in itself; instead we want to extract the information contained in it.
---
paper_title: The Pathetic Fallacy of RDF

paper_content:

The most popular visualization of RDF - the underlying language to represent the Semantic Web – is a Great Big Graph (GBG) or Big Fat Graph (BFG) if one prefers. By graph, we mean representations with nodes and edges to model the relationships within the space represented. Why are they the default representation? The answer that is usually proferred is that the Semantic Web is a Graph, ipso facto we use graphs to represent it. This notion that data should be presented to the user as it is represented in the computer is what we propose as the pathetic fallacy of RDF. In the following discussion, we consider examples of the pathetic fallacy in terms of the interaction challenge of * what knowledge these graphs communicate, * what tasks they support, and * whether these are the optimal paradigms for these representations/tasks. From this context, we investigate the question, are graphs the main default representation for the Semantic Web and if not, how might we think about formalized representations for the Semantic Web in order to make accessible the promised benefits of the Semantic Web for knowledge building.
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paper_title: Interactive relationship discovery via the semantic web

paper_content:

This paper presents an approach for the interactive discovery of relationships between selected elements via the Semantic Web. It emphasizes the human aspect of relationship discovery by offering sophisticated interaction support. Selected elements are first semi-automatically mapped to unique objects of Semantic Web datasets. These datasets are then crawled for relationships which are presented in detail and overview. Interactive features and visual clues allow for a sophisticated exploration of the found relationships. The general process is described and the RelFinder tool as a concrete implementation and proof-of-concept is presented and evaluated in a user study. The application potentials are illustrated by a scenario that uses the RelFinder and DBpedia to assist a business analyst in decision-making. Main contributions compared to previous and related work are data aggregations on several dimensions, a graph visualization that displays and connects relationships also between more than two given objects, and an advanced implementation that is highly configurable and applicable to arbitrary RDF datasets.
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paper_title: The Emerging Web of Linked Data

paper_content:

The paper discusses the semantic Web and Linked Data. The classic World Wide Web is built upon the idea of setting hyperlinks between Web documents. These hyperlinks are the basis for navigating and crawling the Web.Technologically, the core idea of Linked Data is to use HTTP URLs not only to identify Web documents, but also to identify arbitrary real world entities.Data about these entities is represented using the Resource Description Framework (RDF). Whenever a Web client resolves one of these URLs, the corresponding Web server provides an RDF/ XML or RDFa description of the identified entity. These descriptions can contain links to entities described by other data sources.The Web of Linked Data can be seen as an additional layer that is tightly interwoven with the classic document Web. The author mentions the application of Linked Data in media, publications, life sciences, geographic data, user-generated content, and cross-domain data sources. The paper concludes by stating that the Web has succeeded as a single global information space that has dramatically changed the way we use information, disrupted business models, and led to profound societal change.
---
paper_title: Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing

paper_content:

This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
---
paper_title: Tabulator: Exploring and analyzing linked data on the semantic web

paper_content:

A web of linked RDF data may be enabled by standards specifying how links should be made in RDF and under what conditions they should be followed as well as powerful generic RDF browsers that can traverse an open web of RDF resources. The Tabulator is an RDF browser, which is designed both for new users to provoke interest in the Semantic Web and give them a means to access and interact with the entire web of RDF data, and for developers of RDF content to provide incentive for them to post their data in RDF, to refine and promote RDF linking standards, and to let providers see how their data interacts with the rest of the Semantic Web. A challenge for Semantic Web browsers is to bring the power of domain-specific applications to a generic program when new unexpected domains can be encountered in real time. The Tabulator project is an attempt to demonstrate and utilize the power of linked RDF data with a user-friendly Semantic Web browser that is able to recognize and follow RDF links to other RDF resources based on the user’s exploration and analysis.
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paper_title: Casual Information Visualization: Depictions of Data in Everyday Life

paper_content:

Information visualization has often focused on providing deep insight for expert user populations and on techniques for amplifying cognition through complicated interactive visual models. This paper proposes a new subdomain for infovis research that complements the focus on analytic tasks and expert use. Instead of work-related and analytically driven infovis, we propose casual information visualization (or casual infovis) as a complement to more traditional infovis domains. Traditional infovis systems, techniques, and methods do not easily lend themselves to the broad range of user populations, from expert to novices, or from work tasks to more everyday situations. We propose definitions, perspectives, and research directions for further investigations of this emerging subfield. These perspectives build from ambient information visualization (Skog et al., 2003), social visualization, and also from artistic work that visualizes information (Viegas and Wattenberg, 2007). We seek to provide a perspective on infovis that integrates these research agendas under a coherent vocabulary and framework for design. We enumerate the following contributions. First, we demonstrate how blurry the boundary of infovis is by examining systems that exhibit many of the putative properties of infovis systems, but perhaps would not be considered so. Second, we explore the notion of insight and how, instead of a monolithic definition of insight, there may be multiple types, each with particular characteristics. Third, we discuss design challenges for systems intended for casual audiences. Finally we conclude with challenges for system evaluation in this emerging subfield.
---
paper_title: A tour through the visualization zoo

paper_content:

THANKS TO ADVANCES in sensing, networking, and data management, our society is producing digital information at an astonishing rate. According to one estimate, in 2010 alone we will generate 1,200 exabytes—60 million times the content of the Library of Congress. Within this deluge of data lies a wealth.
---
paper_title: The plane with parallel coordinates

paper_content:

By means ofParallel Coordinates planar “graphs” of multivariate relations are obtained. Certain properties of the relationship correspond tothe geometrical properties of its graph. On the plane a point ←→ line duality with several interesting properties is induced. A new duality betweenbounded and unbounded convex sets and hstars (a generalization of hyperbolas) and between Convex Unions and Intersections is found. This motivates some efficient Convexity algorithms and other results inComputational Geometry. There is also a suprising “cusp” ←→ “inflection point” duality. The narrative ends with a preview of the corresponding results inR N .
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paper_title: GeoAnalytics Tools Applied to Large Geospatial Datasets

paper_content:

Geovisual analytics focuses on finding location-related patterns and relationship. Many approaches exist but generally do not scale well with large spatial datasets. We propose three enhancements that facilitate scalable geovisual analytics of voluminous geospatial data based on geographic mapping coordinated and linked with parallel coordinates (PC): 1) texture-based geographic mapping that exploits GPU-based rendering performance applied to overview + detail views, 2) statistical methods embedded in PC, 3) aggregated dynamic grid maps that integrate with PC. In this context, we have extended our previous introduced psilaGeoAnalyticspsila Visualization (GAV) framework and class library with a novel implementation of the standard PC using an atomic layered component architecture that allows new ideas to be implemented and assessed without having to rewrite a complete functional PC component. We demonstrate our proposed enhancements applied to a large geospatial dataset containing more than 10,000 Swedish zip (postal) code regions described by more than three million (X, Y) boundary coordinates and includes many associated demographics and statistical attributes.
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paper_title: Semantic web data visualization with graph style sheets

paper_content:

Visual paradigms such as node-link diagrams are well suited to the representation of Semantic Web data encoded with the Resource Description Framework (RDF), whose data model can be seen as a directed labeled graph. However, these representations are not fully satisfying: diagrams can quickly become big and over-cluttered, making them hard to understand. This problem can be partly addressed by visually transforming the graphs: filtering information, providing alternative layouts for specific elements, and using all available visual variables to encode information, so as to better take advantage of human perceptual abilities. Graph Style Sheets have been designed for that purpose, allowing the filtering, grouping and styling of information elements through the specification of declarative transformation rules.
---
paper_title: Visualization of semantic metadata and ontologies

paper_content:

Implicit information embedded in semantic Web graphs, such as topography, clusters, and disconnected subgraphs is difficult to extract from text files. Visualizations of the graphs can reveal some of these features, but existing systems for visualizing metadata focus on aspects other than understanding the greater structure. We present a tool for generating visualizations of ontologies and metadata by using a modified spring embedder to achieve an automatic layout. Through a case study using a mid-sized ontology, we show that interesting information about the data relationships can be extracted through our visualization of the physical graph structure.
---
paper_title: Linked Data -- The story so far

paper_content:

The term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.
---
paper_title: Linked Data: Evolving the Web Into a Global Data Space

paper_content:

The World Wide Web has enabled the creation of a global information space comprising linked documents. As the Web becomes ever more enmeshed with our daily lives, there is a growing desire for direct access to raw data not currently available on the Web or bound up in hypertext documents. Linked Data provides a publishing paradigm in which not only documents, but also data, can be a first class citizen of the Web, thereby enabling the extension of the Web with a global data space based on open standards - the Web of Data. In this Synthesis lecture we provide readers with a detailed technical introduction to Linked Data. We begin by outlining the basic principles of Linked Data, including coverage of relevant aspects of Web architecture. The remainder of the text is based around two main themes - the publication and consumption of Linked Data. Drawing on a practical Linked Data scenario, we provide guidance and best practices on: architectural approaches to publishing Linked Data; choosing URIs and vocabularies to identify and describe resources; deciding what data to return in a description of a resource on the Web; methods and frameworks for automated linking of data sets; and testing and debugging approaches for Linked Data deployments. We give an overview of existing Linked Data applications and then examine the architectures that are used to consume Linked Data from the Web, alongside existing tools and frameworks that enable these. Readers can expect to gain a rich technical understanding of Linked Data fundamentals, as the basis for application development, research or further study.
---
paper_title: Visual analytics: Definition, process, and challenges

paper_content:

We are living in a world which faces a rapidly increasing amount of data to be dealt with on a daily basis. In the last decade, the steady improvement of data storage devices and means to create and collect data along the way influenced our way of dealing with information: Most of the time, data is stored without filtering and refinement for later use. Virtually every branch of industry or business, and any political or personal activity nowadays generate vast amounts of data. Making matters worse, the possibilities to collect and store data increase at a faster rate than our ability to use it for making decisions. However, in most applications, raw data has no value in itself; instead we want to extract the information contained in it.
---
paper_title: The Pathetic Fallacy of RDF

paper_content:

The most popular visualization of RDF - the underlying language to represent the Semantic Web – is a Great Big Graph (GBG) or Big Fat Graph (BFG) if one prefers. By graph, we mean representations with nodes and edges to model the relationships within the space represented. Why are they the default representation? The answer that is usually proferred is that the Semantic Web is a Graph, ipso facto we use graphs to represent it. This notion that data should be presented to the user as it is represented in the computer is what we propose as the pathetic fallacy of RDF. In the following discussion, we consider examples of the pathetic fallacy in terms of the interaction challenge of * what knowledge these graphs communicate, * what tasks they support, and * whether these are the optimal paradigms for these representations/tasks. From this context, we investigate the question, are graphs the main default representation for the Semantic Web and if not, how might we think about formalized representations for the Semantic Web in order to make accessible the promised benefits of the Semantic Web for knowledge building.
---
paper_title: Understanding and characterizing insights: how do people gain insights using information visualization?

paper_content:

Even though "providing insight" has been considered one of the main purposes of information visualization (InfoVis), we feel that insight is still a not-well-understood concept in this context. Inspired by research in sensemaking, we realized the importance of the procedural aspects in understanding insight. Thus, rather than asking "What is insight?" we instead focus on "How do people gain insights?" In an effort to better understand and characterize insight, we reviewed previous literature in InfoVis, seeking other researchers' comments and views on this concept. We found that: 1) Insights are often regarded as end results of using InfoVis and the procedures to gain insight have been largely veiled; 2) Four largely distinctive processes of gaining insight (Provide Overview, Adjust, Detect Pattern, and Match Mental Model) have been discussed in the InfoVis literature; and 3) These different processes provide some hints to understand the procedures in which insight can be gained from InfoVis. We hope that our findings help researchers and practitioners evaluate InfoVis systems and technologies in a more insight-oriented way.
---
paper_title: Towards a commercial adoption of linked open data for online content providers

paper_content:

Descriptive case studies for a successful commercial adoption of Linked Data are still rare. Little has been said by the Linked Data community concerning the business potential of Linked Data and the challenges lying ahead for all enterprises, intending to use Linked Data in their professional production environments. Motivated from this lack of research and driven by the requirements of commercial content providers, we present a first version of our prototype, aiming to support professional online editors in producing valuable online content, enriched with (multimedia) information from Linked Data sources. We also include a preliminary evaluation of our prototype and a comparison of the prototype against other systems for semantic content enrichement. Though presenting ongoing research, this paper contributes to the current discussion on business aspects related to the provision or consumption of Linked Data.
---
paper_title: Tabulator: Exploring and analyzing linked data on the semantic web

paper_content:

A web of linked RDF data may be enabled by standards specifying how links should be made in RDF and under what conditions they should be followed as well as powerful generic RDF browsers that can traverse an open web of RDF resources. The Tabulator is an RDF browser, which is designed both for new users to provoke interest in the Semantic Web and give them a means to access and interact with the entire web of RDF data, and for developers of RDF content to provide incentive for them to post their data in RDF, to refine and promote RDF linking standards, and to let providers see how their data interacts with the rest of the Semantic Web. A challenge for Semantic Web browsers is to bring the power of domain-specific applications to a generic program when new unexpected domains can be encountered in real time. The Tabulator project is an attempt to demonstrate and utilize the power of linked RDF data with a user-friendly Semantic Web browser that is able to recognize and follow RDF links to other RDF resources based on the user’s exploration and analysis.
---
paper_title: Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics

paper_content:

This is the book form of the Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics to be published by IEEE in 2005.
---
paper_title: A tour through the visualization zoo

paper_content:

THANKS TO ADVANCES in sensing, networking, and data management, our society is producing digital information at an astonishing rate. According to one estimate, in 2010 alone we will generate 1,200 exabytes—60 million times the content of the Library of Congress. Within this deluge of data lies a wealth.
---
paper_title: Readings in Information Visualization-Using Visualization to Think

paper_content:

A programmable DC power supply including a proportionally controlled transistor connected in series with the load for varying the load current in accordance with the magnitude of a control signal applied to the transistor. A detector coupled across the transistor functions to sense high and low voltage thresholds and thereupon select an incrementally higher or lower voltage for application to the load to assure that the transistor operates continuously in its proportional range, thereby enabling the input signal to maintain control of the load current.
---
paper_title: How Information Visualization Novices Construct Visualizations

paper_content:

It remains challenging for information visualization novices to rapidly construct visualizations during exploratory data analysis. We conducted an exploratory laboratory study in which information visualization novices explored fictitious sales data by communicating visualization specifications to a human mediator, who rapidly constructed the visualizations using commercial visualization software. We found that three activities were central to the iterative visualization construction process: data attribute selection, visual template selection, and visual mapping specification. The major barriers faced by the participants were translating questions into data attributes, designing visual mappings, and interpreting the visualizations. Partial specification was common, and the participants used simple heuristics and preferred visualizations they were already familiar with, such as bar, line and pie charts. We derived abstract models from our observations that describe barriers in the data exploration process and uncovered how information visualization novices think about visualization specifications. Our findings support the need for tools that suggest potential visualizations and support iterative refinement, that provide explanations and help with learning, and that are tightly integrated into tool support for the overall visual analytics process.
---
paper_title: Mapping Text with Phrase Nets

paper_content:

We present a new technique, the phrase net, for generating visual overviews of unstructured text. A phrase net displays a graph whose nodes are words and whose edges indicate that two words are linked by a user-specified relation. These relations may be defined either at the syntactic or lexical level; different relations often produce very different perspectives on the same text. Taken together, these perspectives often provide an illuminating visual overview of the key concepts and relations in a document or set of documents.
---
paper_title: Knowledge precepts for design and evaluation of information visualizations

paper_content:

The design and evaluation of most current information visualization systems descend from an emphasis on a user's ability to "unpack" the representations of data of interest and operate on them independently. Too often, successful decision-making and analysis are more a matter of serendipity and user experience than of intentional design and specific support for such tasks; although humans have considerable abilities in analyzing relationships from data, the utility of visualizations remains relatively variable across users, data sets, and domains. In this paper, we discuss the notion of analytic gaps, which represent obstacles faced by visualizations in facilitating higher-level analytic tasks, such as decision-making and learning. We discuss support for bridging these gaps, propose a framework for the design and evaluation of information visualization systems, and demonstrate its use.
---
paper_title: Beyond Usability: Evaluation Aspects of Visual Analytic Environments

paper_content:

A new field of research, visual analytics, has recently been introduced. This has been defined as "the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces" [20]. Visual analytic environments, therefore, support analytical reasoning using visual representations and interactions, with data representations and transformation capabilities, to support production, presentation, and dissemination. As researchers begin to develop visual analytic environments, it will be advantageous to develop metrics and methodologies to help researchers measure the progress of their work and understand the impact their work will have on the users who will work in such environments. This paper presents five areas or aspects of visual analytic environments that should be considered as metrics and methodologies for evaluation are developed. Evaluation aspects need to include usability, but it is necessary to go beyond basic usability. The areas of situation awareness, collaboration, interaction, creativity, and utility are proposed as the five evaluation areas for initial consideration. The steps that need to be undertaken to develop systematic evaluation methodologies and metrics for visual analytic environments are outlined.
---
paper_title: The plane with parallel coordinates

paper_content:

By means ofParallel Coordinates planar “graphs” of multivariate relations are obtained. Certain properties of the relationship correspond tothe geometrical properties of its graph. On the plane a point ←→ line duality with several interesting properties is induced. A new duality betweenbounded and unbounded convex sets and hstars (a generalization of hyperbolas) and between Convex Unions and Intersections is found. This motivates some efficient Convexity algorithms and other results inComputational Geometry. There is also a suprising “cusp” ←→ “inflection point” duality. The narrative ends with a preview of the corresponding results inR N .
---
paper_title: Visual analytics: Definition, process, and challenges

paper_content:

We are living in a world which faces a rapidly increasing amount of data to be dealt with on a daily basis. In the last decade, the steady improvement of data storage devices and means to create and collect data along the way influenced our way of dealing with information: Most of the time, data is stored without filtering and refinement for later use. Virtually every branch of industry or business, and any political or personal activity nowadays generate vast amounts of data. Making matters worse, the possibilities to collect and store data increase at a faster rate than our ability to use it for making decisions. However, in most applications, raw data has no value in itself; instead we want to extract the information contained in it.
---
paper_title: Participatory Visualization with Wordle

paper_content:

We discuss the design and usage of ldquoWordle,rdquo a Web-based tool for visualizing text. Wordle creates tag-cloud-like displays that give careful attention to typography, color, and composition. We describe the algorithms used to balance various aesthetic criteria and create the distinctive Wordle layouts. We then present the results of a study of Wordle usage, based both on spontaneous behaviour observed in the wild, and on a large-scale survey of Wordle users. The results suggest that Wordles have become a kind of medium of expression, and that a ldquoparticipatory culturerdquo has arisen around them.
---
paper_title: The Pathetic Fallacy of RDF

paper_content:

The most popular visualization of RDF - the underlying language to represent the Semantic Web – is a Great Big Graph (GBG) or Big Fat Graph (BFG) if one prefers. By graph, we mean representations with nodes and edges to model the relationships within the space represented. Why are they the default representation? The answer that is usually proferred is that the Semantic Web is a Graph, ipso facto we use graphs to represent it. This notion that data should be presented to the user as it is represented in the computer is what we propose as the pathetic fallacy of RDF. In the following discussion, we consider examples of the pathetic fallacy in terms of the interaction challenge of * what knowledge these graphs communicate, * what tasks they support, and * whether these are the optimal paradigms for these representations/tasks. From this context, we investigate the question, are graphs the main default representation for the Semantic Web and if not, how might we think about formalized representations for the Semantic Web in order to make accessible the promised benefits of the Semantic Web for knowledge building.
---
paper_title: RKBExplorer.com: a knowledge driven infrastructure for linked data providers

paper_content:

RKB Explorer is a Semantic Web application that is able to present unified views of a significant number of heterogeneous data sources. We have developed an underlying information infrastructure which is mediated by ontologies and consists of many independent triple-stores, each publicly available through both SPARQL endpoints and resolvable URIs. To realise this synergy of disparate information sources, we have deployed tools to identify co-referent URIs, and devised an architecture to allow the information to be represented and used. This paper provides a brief overview of the system including the underlying infrastructure, and a number of associated tools for both knowledge acquisition and publishing.
---
paper_title: Tag Clouds: Data Analysis Tool or Social Signaller?

paper_content:

We examine the recent information visualization phenomenon known as tag clouds, which are an interesting combination of data visualization, web design element, and social marker. Using qualitative methods, we find evidence that those who use tag clouds do so primarily because they are perceived as having an inherently social or personal component, in that they suggest what a person or a group of people is doing or is interested in, and to some degree how that changes over time; they are visually dynamic and thus suggest activity; they are a compact alternative to a long list; they signal that a site has tags; and they are perceived as being fun, popular, and/or hip. The primary reasons people object to tag clouds are their visual aesthetics, their questionable usability, their popularity among certain design circles, and what is perceived as a bias towards popular ideas and the downgrading of alternative views.
---
paper_title: Browsing Linked Data with Fenfire

paper_content:

A wealth of information has recently become available as browsable RDF data on the Web, but the selection of client applications to interact with this Linked Data remains limited. We show how to browse Linked Data with Fenfire, a Free and Open Source Software RDF browser and editor that employs a graph view and focuses on an engaging and interactive browsing experience. This sets Fenfire apart from previous table- and outline-based Linked Data browsers.
---
paper_title: The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations

paper_content:

A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).
---
paper_title: Casual Information Visualization: Depictions of Data in Everyday Life

paper_content:

Information visualization has often focused on providing deep insight for expert user populations and on techniques for amplifying cognition through complicated interactive visual models. This paper proposes a new subdomain for infovis research that complements the focus on analytic tasks and expert use. Instead of work-related and analytically driven infovis, we propose casual information visualization (or casual infovis) as a complement to more traditional infovis domains. Traditional infovis systems, techniques, and methods do not easily lend themselves to the broad range of user populations, from expert to novices, or from work tasks to more everyday situations. We propose definitions, perspectives, and research directions for further investigations of this emerging subfield. These perspectives build from ambient information visualization (Skog et al., 2003), social visualization, and also from artistic work that visualizes information (Viegas and Wattenberg, 2007). We seek to provide a perspective on infovis that integrates these research agendas under a coherent vocabulary and framework for design. We enumerate the following contributions. First, we demonstrate how blurry the boundary of infovis is by examining systems that exhibit many of the putative properties of infovis systems, but perhaps would not be considered so. Second, we explore the notion of insight and how, instead of a monolithic definition of insight, there may be multiple types, each with particular characteristics. Third, we discuss design challenges for systems intended for casual audiences. Finally we conclude with challenges for system evaluation in this emerging subfield.
---
paper_title: Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics

paper_content:

This is the book form of the Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics to be published by IEEE in 2005.
---
paper_title: User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments

paper_content:

end users are to contribute to the Web of Data as they have to the Web of Documents, they must employ tools that enable them to do so. This challenge is not easy to meet, as formal knowledge representation is a daunting task for the uninitiated. Indeed, we have empirically observed that expressing anything but the most straightforward of facts in RDF-compatible format is extremely difficult for newcomers to do reliably. This paper reports on a controlled experiment in which novices attempted to use a prototype Linked Data interface to both find and encode bits of everyday knowledge. The application presents a user-friendly veneer to the Semantic Web, manifesting the essential graph-based nature of the data model while shielding the user from the complexity of syntax. This allows us to study user behavior in attacking the deep, cognitive problem: breaking down knowledge into the triple-based structure required by RDF Linked Data. Our study sheds light on some of the key aspects of knowledge formulation that novices struggle with, and suggests several specific design approaches for Linked Data authoring environments that our experiment makes clear beneficially address crucial issues.
---
paper_title: Creation and Collaboration: Engaging New Audiences for Information Visualization

paper_content:

In recent years we have seen information visualization technology move from an advanced research topic to mainstream adoption in both commercial and personal use. This move is in part due to many businesses recognizing the need for more effective tools for extracting knowledge from the data warehouses they are gathering. Increased mainstream interest is also a result of more exposure to advanced interfaces in contemporary online media. The adoption of information visualization technologies by lay users --- as opposed to the traditional information visualization audience of scientists and analysts --- has important implications for visualization research, design and development. Since we cannot expect each of these lay users to design their own visualizations, we have to provide them tools that make it easy to create and deploy visualizations of their datasets.
---
paper_title: Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative

paper_content:

Graphics If you think you might like Visual Explanations —perhaps you have heard that it is the third in a series of beautifully produced books about the graphical display of data—then you should buy it. Not many books have been as widely acclaimed by so many readers working in as many different fields as these have. Edward Tufte and his Graphics Press present here the description of strategies for the display of information about "motion, process, mechanism, cause and effect." The author explains that if the first book in the series, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , was about pictures of numbers, and the second, Envisioning Information , about pictures of nouns, then this book is about pictures of verbs. Using a series of beautifully reproduced graphical displays, which are variously witty, delightful, and thought-provoking, Tufte continues our education on how data should be displayed. And, as may be the case
---
paper_title: Readings in Information Visualization-Using Visualization to Think

paper_content:

A programmable DC power supply including a proportionally controlled transistor connected in series with the load for varying the load current in accordance with the magnitude of a control signal applied to the transistor. A detector coupled across the transistor functions to sense high and low voltage thresholds and thereupon select an incrementally higher or lower voltage for application to the load to assure that the transistor operates continuously in its proportional range, thereby enabling the input signal to maintain control of the load current.
---
paper_title: How Information Visualization Novices Construct Visualizations

paper_content:

It remains challenging for information visualization novices to rapidly construct visualizations during exploratory data analysis. We conducted an exploratory laboratory study in which information visualization novices explored fictitious sales data by communicating visualization specifications to a human mediator, who rapidly constructed the visualizations using commercial visualization software. We found that three activities were central to the iterative visualization construction process: data attribute selection, visual template selection, and visual mapping specification. The major barriers faced by the participants were translating questions into data attributes, designing visual mappings, and interpreting the visualizations. Partial specification was common, and the participants used simple heuristics and preferred visualizations they were already familiar with, such as bar, line and pie charts. We derived abstract models from our observations that describe barriers in the data exploration process and uncovered how information visualization novices think about visualization specifications. Our findings support the need for tools that suggest potential visualizations and support iterative refinement, that provide explanations and help with learning, and that are tightly integrated into tool support for the overall visual analytics process.
---
paper_title: Knowledge precepts for design and evaluation of information visualizations

paper_content:

The design and evaluation of most current information visualization systems descend from an emphasis on a user's ability to "unpack" the representations of data of interest and operate on them independently. Too often, successful decision-making and analysis are more a matter of serendipity and user experience than of intentional design and specific support for such tasks; although humans have considerable abilities in analyzing relationships from data, the utility of visualizations remains relatively variable across users, data sets, and domains. In this paper, we discuss the notion of analytic gaps, which represent obstacles faced by visualizations in facilitating higher-level analytic tasks, such as decision-making and learning. We discuss support for bridging these gaps, propose a framework for the design and evaluation of information visualization systems, and demonstrate its use.
---
paper_title: BELIV'10: beyond time and errors novel evaluation methods for information visualization

paper_content:

Information visualization systems allow users to produce insights, innovations, and discoveries. Evaluating such tools is a challenging task. Current evaluation methods exhibit noticeable limitations and researchers in the area experience frustration with evaluation processes that are time consuming but often lead to unsatisfactory results. The goal of BELIV'10 is to provide a venue for researchers to report and discuss the latest innovations in this area.
---
paper_title: Building Linked Data For Both Humans and Machines

paper_content:

In this paper we describe our experience with building the riese dataset, an interlinked, RDF-based version of the Eurostat data, containing statistical data about the European Union. The riese dataset (http://riese.joanneum.at), aims at serving roughly 3 billion RDF triples, along with millions of high-quality interlinks. Our contribution is twofold: Firstly, we suggest using RDFa as the main deployment mechanism, hence serving both humans and machines to effectively and efficiently explore and use the dataset. Secondly, we introduce a new way of enriching the dataset with high-quality links: the User Contributed Interlinking, a Wiki-style way of adding semantic links to data pages.
---
paper_title: Visual analytics: Definition, process, and challenges

paper_content:

We are living in a world which faces a rapidly increasing amount of data to be dealt with on a daily basis. In the last decade, the steady improvement of data storage devices and means to create and collect data along the way influenced our way of dealing with information: Most of the time, data is stored without filtering and refinement for later use. Virtually every branch of industry or business, and any political or personal activity nowadays generate vast amounts of data. Making matters worse, the possibilities to collect and store data increase at a faster rate than our ability to use it for making decisions. However, in most applications, raw data has no value in itself; instead we want to extract the information contained in it.
---
paper_title: Weaving the Pedantic Web

paper_content:

Over a decade after RDF has been published as a W3C recommendation, publishing open and machine-readable content on the Web has recently received a lot more attention, including from corporate and governmental bodies; notably thanks to the Linked Open Data community, there now exists a rich vein of heterogeneous RDF data published on the Web (the so-called \Web of Data") accessible to all. However, RDF publishers are prone to making errors which compromise the e ectiveness of applications leveraging the resulting data. In this paper, we discuss common errors in RDF publishing, their consequences for applications, along with possible publisher-oriented approaches to improve the quality of structured, machine-readable and open data on the Web.
---
paper_title: Semi-automatic Generation of GUIs for RDF Browsing

paper_content:

In this paper we present an approach to automatic generation of GUI for browsing of RDF data based on observation of existing forms and their adaptation to available RDF graphs. The objective of such an approach is the rapid prototyping of forms and their associated queries by exploiting the vast amount examples that is already available from the Web, and trying to automate those steps requiring human intervention (form template extraction, query specification) for customizing found examples to developer’s specific needs.
---
paper_title: Towards a commercial adoption of linked open data for online content providers

paper_content:

Descriptive case studies for a successful commercial adoption of Linked Data are still rare. Little has been said by the Linked Data community concerning the business potential of Linked Data and the challenges lying ahead for all enterprises, intending to use Linked Data in their professional production environments. Motivated from this lack of research and driven by the requirements of commercial content providers, we present a first version of our prototype, aiming to support professional online editors in producing valuable online content, enriched with (multimedia) information from Linked Data sources. We also include a preliminary evaluation of our prototype and a comparison of the prototype against other systems for semantic content enrichement. Though presenting ongoing research, this paper contributes to the current discussion on business aspects related to the provision or consumption of Linked Data.
---
paper_title: Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing

paper_content:

This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
---
paper_title: Tabulator: Exploring and analyzing linked data on the semantic web

paper_content:

A web of linked RDF data may be enabled by standards specifying how links should be made in RDF and under what conditions they should be followed as well as powerful generic RDF browsers that can traverse an open web of RDF resources. The Tabulator is an RDF browser, which is designed both for new users to provoke interest in the Semantic Web and give them a means to access and interact with the entire web of RDF data, and for developers of RDF content to provide incentive for them to post their data in RDF, to refine and promote RDF linking standards, and to let providers see how their data interacts with the rest of the Semantic Web. A challenge for Semantic Web browsers is to bring the power of domain-specific applications to a generic program when new unexpected domains can be encountered in real time. The Tabulator project is an attempt to demonstrate and utilize the power of linked RDF data with a user-friendly Semantic Web browser that is able to recognize and follow RDF links to other RDF resources based on the user’s exploration and analysis.
---
paper_title: The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations

paper_content:

A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).
---
paper_title: Exploring the Geospatial Semantic Web with DBpedia Mobile

paper_content:

The Geospatial Semantic Web makes locations first-class citizens of the Web by representing them as original Web resources. This allows locations to be described in an open and distributed manner using the Resource Description Framework and provides for interlinking data about locations between data sources. In addition to using geo-coordinates to express geographical proximity, the Geospatial Semantic Web provides for relating locations as well as regions to each other using explicit semantic relationship types such as containment or shared borders. This article gives an overview of the Geospatial Semantic Web and describes DBpedia Mobile, a location-aware Semantic Web client that can be used on an iPhone and other mobile devices. Based on the current GPS position, DBpedia Mobile renders a map indicating nearby locations from the DBpedia data set. Starting from this map, the user can explore background information about his surroundings by navigating along data links into other data sources. DBpedia Mobile has been designed for the use case of a tourist exploring a city. Besides accessing Web data, DBpedia Mobile also enables users to publish their current location, pictures and reviews to the Semantic Web so that they can be used by other Semantic Web applications. Instead of simply being tagged with geographical coordinates, published content is interlinked with a nearby DBpedia resource and thus contributes to the overall richness of the Geospatial Semantic Web.
---
paper_title: Fresnel - A Browser-Independent Presentation Vocabulary for RDF

paper_content:

Semantic Web browsers and other tools aimed at displaying RDF data to end users are all concerned with the same problem: presenting content primarily intended for machine consumption in a human-readable way. Their solutions differ but in the end address the same two high-level issues, no matter the underlying representation paradigm: specifying (i) what information contained in RDF models should be presented (content selection) and (ii) how this information should be presented (content formatting and styling). However, each tool currently relies on its own ad hoc mechanisms and vocabulary for specifying RDF presentation knowledge, making it difficult to share and reuse such knowledge across applications. Recognizing the general need for presenting RDF content to users and wanting to promote the exchange of presentation knowledge, we developed Fresnel as a browser-independent extensible vocabulary of core RDF display concepts.
---
paper_title: How Information Visualization Novices Construct Visualizations

paper_content:

It remains challenging for information visualization novices to rapidly construct visualizations during exploratory data analysis. We conducted an exploratory laboratory study in which information visualization novices explored fictitious sales data by communicating visualization specifications to a human mediator, who rapidly constructed the visualizations using commercial visualization software. We found that three activities were central to the iterative visualization construction process: data attribute selection, visual template selection, and visual mapping specification. The major barriers faced by the participants were translating questions into data attributes, designing visual mappings, and interpreting the visualizations. Partial specification was common, and the participants used simple heuristics and preferred visualizations they were already familiar with, such as bar, line and pie charts. We derived abstract models from our observations that describe barriers in the data exploration process and uncovered how information visualization novices think about visualization specifications. Our findings support the need for tools that suggest potential visualizations and support iterative refinement, that provide explanations and help with learning, and that are tightly integrated into tool support for the overall visual analytics process.
---
paper_title: Piggy Bank: Experience the Semantic Web Inside Your Web Browser

paper_content:

The Semantic Web Initiative envisions a Web wherein information is offered free of presentation, allowing more effective exchange and mixing across web sites and across web pages. But without substantial Semantic Web content, few tools will be written to consume it; without many such tools, there is little appeal to publish Semantic Web content. To break this chicken-and-egg problem, thus enabling more flexible information access, we have created a web browser extension called Piggy Bank that lets users make use of Semantic Web content within Web content as users browse the Web. Wherever Semantic Web content is not available, Piggy Bank can invoke screenscrapers to re-structure information within web pages into Semantic Web format. Through the use of Semantic Web technologies, Piggy Bank provides direct, immediate benefits to users in their use of the existing Web. Thus, the existence of even just a few Semantic Web-enabled sites or a few scrapers already benefits users. Piggy Bank thereby offers an easy, incremental upgrade path to users without requiring a wholesale adoption of the Semantic Web's vision. To further improve this Semantic Web experience, we have created Semantic Bank, a web server application that lets Piggy Bank users share the Semantic Web information they have collected, enabling collaborative efforts to build sophisticated Semantic Web information repositories through simple, everyday's use of Piggy Bank.
---
paper_title: Tag Clouds: Data Analysis Tool or Social Signaller?

paper_content:

We examine the recent information visualization phenomenon known as tag clouds, which are an interesting combination of data visualization, web design element, and social marker. Using qualitative methods, we find evidence that those who use tag clouds do so primarily because they are perceived as having an inherently social or personal component, in that they suggest what a person or a group of people is doing or is interested in, and to some degree how that changes over time; they are visually dynamic and thus suggest activity; they are a compact alternative to a long list; they signal that a site has tags; and they are perceived as being fun, popular, and/or hip. The primary reasons people object to tag clouds are their visual aesthetics, their questionable usability, their popularity among certain design circles, and what is perceived as a bias towards popular ideas and the downgrading of alternative views.
---
paper_title: Media Meets Semantic Web - How the BBC Uses DBpedia and Linked Data to Make Conections

paper_content:

In this paper, we describe how the BBC is working to integrate data and linking documents across BBC domains by using Semantic Web technology, in particular Linked Data, MusicBrainz and DBpedia. We cover the work of BBC Programmes and BBC Music building Linked Data sites for all music and programmes related brands, and we describe existing projects, ongoing development, and further research we are doing in a joint collaboration between the BBC, Freie Universitat Berlin and Rattle Research in order to use DBpedia as the controlled vocabulary and semantic backbone for the whole BBC.
---
paper_title: Creation and Collaboration: Engaging New Audiences for Information Visualization

paper_content:

In recent years we have seen information visualization technology move from an advanced research topic to mainstream adoption in both commercial and personal use. This move is in part due to many businesses recognizing the need for more effective tools for extracting knowledge from the data warehouses they are gathering. Increased mainstream interest is also a result of more exposure to advanced interfaces in contemporary online media. The adoption of information visualization technologies by lay users --- as opposed to the traditional information visualization audience of scientists and analysts --- has important implications for visualization research, design and development. Since we cannot expect each of these lay users to design their own visualizations, we have to provide them tools that make it easy to create and deploy visualizations of their datasets.
---
paper_title: Weaving the Pedantic Web

paper_content:

Over a decade after RDF has been published as a W3C recommendation, publishing open and machine-readable content on the Web has recently received a lot more attention, including from corporate and governmental bodies; notably thanks to the Linked Open Data community, there now exists a rich vein of heterogeneous RDF data published on the Web (the so-called \Web of Data") accessible to all. However, RDF publishers are prone to making errors which compromise the e ectiveness of applications leveraging the resulting data. In this paper, we discuss common errors in RDF publishing, their consequences for applications, along with possible publisher-oriented approaches to improve the quality of structured, machine-readable and open data on the Web.
---
paper_title: Piggy Bank: Experience the Semantic Web Inside Your Web Browser

paper_content:

The Semantic Web Initiative envisions a Web wherein information is offered free of presentation, allowing more effective exchange and mixing across web sites and across web pages. But without substantial Semantic Web content, few tools will be written to consume it; without many such tools, there is little appeal to publish Semantic Web content. To break this chicken-and-egg problem, thus enabling more flexible information access, we have created a web browser extension called Piggy Bank that lets users make use of Semantic Web content within Web content as users browse the Web. Wherever Semantic Web content is not available, Piggy Bank can invoke screenscrapers to re-structure information within web pages into Semantic Web format. Through the use of Semantic Web technologies, Piggy Bank provides direct, immediate benefits to users in their use of the existing Web. Thus, the existence of even just a few Semantic Web-enabled sites or a few scrapers already benefits users. Piggy Bank thereby offers an easy, incremental upgrade path to users without requiring a wholesale adoption of the Semantic Web's vision. To further improve this Semantic Web experience, we have created Semantic Bank, a web server application that lets Piggy Bank users share the Semantic Web information they have collected, enabling collaborative efforts to build sophisticated Semantic Web information repositories through simple, everyday's use of Piggy Bank.
---
paper_title: Interactive relationship discovery via the semantic web

paper_content:

This paper presents an approach for the interactive discovery of relationships between selected elements via the Semantic Web. It emphasizes the human aspect of relationship discovery by offering sophisticated interaction support. Selected elements are first semi-automatically mapped to unique objects of Semantic Web datasets. These datasets are then crawled for relationships which are presented in detail and overview. Interactive features and visual clues allow for a sophisticated exploration of the found relationships. The general process is described and the RelFinder tool as a concrete implementation and proof-of-concept is presented and evaluated in a user study. The application potentials are illustrated by a scenario that uses the RelFinder and DBpedia to assist a business analyst in decision-making. Main contributions compared to previous and related work are data aggregations on several dimensions, a graph visualization that displays and connects relationships also between more than two given objects, and an advanced implementation that is highly configurable and applicable to arbitrary RDF datasets.
---
paper_title: GeoAnalytics Tools Applied to Large Geospatial Datasets

paper_content:

Geovisual analytics focuses on finding location-related patterns and relationship. Many approaches exist but generally do not scale well with large spatial datasets. We propose three enhancements that facilitate scalable geovisual analytics of voluminous geospatial data based on geographic mapping coordinated and linked with parallel coordinates (PC): 1) texture-based geographic mapping that exploits GPU-based rendering performance applied to overview + detail views, 2) statistical methods embedded in PC, 3) aggregated dynamic grid maps that integrate with PC. In this context, we have extended our previous introduced psilaGeoAnalyticspsila Visualization (GAV) framework and class library with a novel implementation of the standard PC using an atomic layered component architecture that allows new ideas to be implemented and assessed without having to rewrite a complete functional PC component. We demonstrate our proposed enhancements applied to a large geospatial dataset containing more than 10,000 Swedish zip (postal) code regions described by more than three million (X, Y) boundary coordinates and includes many associated demographics and statistical attributes.
---
paper_title: The Pathetic Fallacy of RDF

paper_content:

The most popular visualization of RDF - the underlying language to represent the Semantic Web – is a Great Big Graph (GBG) or Big Fat Graph (BFG) if one prefers. By graph, we mean representations with nodes and edges to model the relationships within the space represented. Why are they the default representation? The answer that is usually proferred is that the Semantic Web is a Graph, ipso facto we use graphs to represent it. This notion that data should be presented to the user as it is represented in the computer is what we propose as the pathetic fallacy of RDF. In the following discussion, we consider examples of the pathetic fallacy in terms of the interaction challenge of * what knowledge these graphs communicate, * what tasks they support, and * whether these are the optimal paradigms for these representations/tasks. From this context, we investigate the question, are graphs the main default representation for the Semantic Web and if not, how might we think about formalized representations for the Semantic Web in order to make accessible the promised benefits of the Semantic Web for knowledge building.
---
paper_title: Humboldt: Exploring Linked Data

paper_content:

We present Humboldt, a novel user interface for browsing RDF data. Current user interfaces for browsing RDF data are reviewed. We argue that browsing tasks require both a facet browser’s ability to select and process groups of resources at a time and a ’resource at a time’ browser’s ability to navigate anywhere in a dataset. We describe Humboldt which combines these two features in a single coherent interface. Our approach is based on the operation of pivoting, which enables the user to move the focus of a browsing from one set of resources to a set of related resources. With repeated use of the pivot operation the user can browse anywhere in the data. We describe a preliminary evaluation of our approach and discuss its implications for further development.
---
paper_title: The plane with parallel coordinates

paper_content:

By means ofParallel Coordinates planar “graphs” of multivariate relations are obtained. Certain properties of the relationship correspond tothe geometrical properties of its graph. On the plane a point ←→ line duality with several interesting properties is induced. A new duality betweenbounded and unbounded convex sets and hstars (a generalization of hyperbolas) and between Convex Unions and Intersections is found. This motivates some efficient Convexity algorithms and other results inComputational Geometry. There is also a suprising “cusp” ←→ “inflection point” duality. The narrative ends with a preview of the corresponding results inR N .
---
paper_title: Piggy Bank: Experience the Semantic Web Inside Your Web Browser

paper_content:

The Semantic Web Initiative envisions a Web wherein information is offered free of presentation, allowing more effective exchange and mixing across web sites and across web pages. But without substantial Semantic Web content, few tools will be written to consume it; without many such tools, there is little appeal to publish Semantic Web content. To break this chicken-and-egg problem, thus enabling more flexible information access, we have created a web browser extension called Piggy Bank that lets users make use of Semantic Web content within Web content as users browse the Web. Wherever Semantic Web content is not available, Piggy Bank can invoke screenscrapers to re-structure information within web pages into Semantic Web format. Through the use of Semantic Web technologies, Piggy Bank provides direct, immediate benefits to users in their use of the existing Web. Thus, the existence of even just a few Semantic Web-enabled sites or a few scrapers already benefits users. Piggy Bank thereby offers an easy, incremental upgrade path to users without requiring a wholesale adoption of the Semantic Web's vision. To further improve this Semantic Web experience, we have created Semantic Bank, a web server application that lets Piggy Bank users share the Semantic Web information they have collected, enabling collaborative efforts to build sophisticated Semantic Web information repositories through simple, everyday's use of Piggy Bank.
---
paper_title: Media Meets Semantic Web - How the BBC Uses DBpedia and Linked Data to Make Conections

paper_content:

In this paper, we describe how the BBC is working to integrate data and linking documents across BBC domains by using Semantic Web technology, in particular Linked Data, MusicBrainz and DBpedia. We cover the work of BBC Programmes and BBC Music building Linked Data sites for all music and programmes related brands, and we describe existing projects, ongoing development, and further research we are doing in a joint collaboration between the BBC, Freie Universitat Berlin and Rattle Research in order to use DBpedia as the controlled vocabulary and semantic backbone for the whole BBC.
---
paper_title: Visualization of semantic metadata and ontologies

paper_content:

Implicit information embedded in semantic Web graphs, such as topography, clusters, and disconnected subgraphs is difficult to extract from text files. Visualizations of the graphs can reveal some of these features, but existing systems for visualizing metadata focus on aspects other than understanding the greater structure. We present a tool for generating visualizations of ontologies and metadata by using a modified spring embedder to achieve an automatic layout. Through a case study using a mid-sized ontology, we show that interesting information about the data relationships can be extracted through our visualization of the physical graph structure.
---
paper_title: DBpedia -- A Crystallization Point for the Web of Data

paper_content:

The DBpedia project is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information accessible on the Web. The resulting DBpedia knowledge base currently describes over 2.6 million entities. For each of these entities, DBpedia defines a globally unique identifier that can be dereferenced over the Web into a rich RDF description of the entity, including human-readable definitions in 30 languages, relationships to other resources, classifications in four concept hierarchies, various facts as well as data-level links to other Web data sources describing the entity. Over the last year, an increasing number of data publishers have begun to set data-level links to DBpedia resources, making DBpedia a central interlinking hub for the emerging Web of Data. Currently, the Web of interlinked data sources around DBpedia provides approximately 4.7 billion pieces of information and covers domains such as geographic information, people, companies, films, music, genes, drugs, books, and scientific publications. This article describes the extraction of the DBpedia knowledge base, the current status of interlinking DBpedia with other data sources on the Web, and gives an overview of applications that facilitate the Web of Data around DBpedia.
---
paper_title: Exploring the Geospatial Semantic Web with DBpedia Mobile

paper_content:

The Geospatial Semantic Web makes locations first-class citizens of the Web by representing them as original Web resources. This allows locations to be described in an open and distributed manner using the Resource Description Framework and provides for interlinking data about locations between data sources. In addition to using geo-coordinates to express geographical proximity, the Geospatial Semantic Web provides for relating locations as well as regions to each other using explicit semantic relationship types such as containment or shared borders. This article gives an overview of the Geospatial Semantic Web and describes DBpedia Mobile, a location-aware Semantic Web client that can be used on an iPhone and other mobile devices. Based on the current GPS position, DBpedia Mobile renders a map indicating nearby locations from the DBpedia data set. Starting from this map, the user can explore background information about his surroundings by navigating along data links into other data sources. DBpedia Mobile has been designed for the use case of a tourist exploring a city. Besides accessing Web data, DBpedia Mobile also enables users to publish their current location, pictures and reviews to the Semantic Web so that they can be used by other Semantic Web applications. Instead of simply being tagged with geographical coordinates, published content is interlinked with a nearby DBpedia resource and thus contributes to the overall richness of the Geospatial Semantic Web.
---
paper_title: Browsing Linked Data with Fenfire

paper_content:

A wealth of information has recently become available as browsable RDF data on the Web, but the selection of client applications to interact with this Linked Data remains limited. We show how to browse Linked Data with Fenfire, a Free and Open Source Software RDF browser and editor that employs a graph view and focuses on an engaging and interactive browsing experience. This sets Fenfire apart from previous table- and outline-based Linked Data browsers.
---
paper_title: Casual Information Visualization: Depictions of Data in Everyday Life

paper_content:

Information visualization has often focused on providing deep insight for expert user populations and on techniques for amplifying cognition through complicated interactive visual models. This paper proposes a new subdomain for infovis research that complements the focus on analytic tasks and expert use. Instead of work-related and analytically driven infovis, we propose casual information visualization (or casual infovis) as a complement to more traditional infovis domains. Traditional infovis systems, techniques, and methods do not easily lend themselves to the broad range of user populations, from expert to novices, or from work tasks to more everyday situations. We propose definitions, perspectives, and research directions for further investigations of this emerging subfield. These perspectives build from ambient information visualization (Skog et al., 2003), social visualization, and also from artistic work that visualizes information (Viegas and Wattenberg, 2007). We seek to provide a perspective on infovis that integrates these research agendas under a coherent vocabulary and framework for design. We enumerate the following contributions. First, we demonstrate how blurry the boundary of infovis is by examining systems that exhibit many of the putative properties of infovis systems, but perhaps would not be considered so. Second, we explore the notion of insight and how, instead of a monolithic definition of insight, there may be multiple types, each with particular characteristics. Third, we discuss design challenges for systems intended for casual audiences. Finally we conclude with challenges for system evaluation in this emerging subfield.
---
paper_title: Browsing Linked Data with Fenfire

paper_content:

A wealth of information has recently become available as browsable RDF data on the Web, but the selection of client applications to interact with this Linked Data remains limited. We show how to browse Linked Data with Fenfire, a Free and Open Source Software RDF browser and editor that employs a graph view and focuses on an engaging and interactive browsing experience. This sets Fenfire apart from previous table- and outline-based Linked Data browsers.
---
paper_title: Semantic web data visualization with graph style sheets

paper_content:

Visual paradigms such as node-link diagrams are well suited to the representation of Semantic Web data encoded with the Resource Description Framework (RDF), whose data model can be seen as a directed labeled graph. However, these representations are not fully satisfying: diagrams can quickly become big and over-cluttered, making them hard to understand. This problem can be partly addressed by visually transforming the graphs: filtering information, providing alternative layouts for specific elements, and using all available visual variables to encode information, so as to better take advantage of human perceptual abilities. Graph Style Sheets have been designed for that purpose, allowing the filtering, grouping and styling of information elements through the specification of declarative transformation rules.
---
paper_title: Beyond Usability: Evaluation Aspects of Visual Analytic Environments

paper_content:

A new field of research, visual analytics, has recently been introduced. This has been defined as "the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces" [20]. Visual analytic environments, therefore, support analytical reasoning using visual representations and interactions, with data representations and transformation capabilities, to support production, presentation, and dissemination. As researchers begin to develop visual analytic environments, it will be advantageous to develop metrics and methodologies to help researchers measure the progress of their work and understand the impact their work will have on the users who will work in such environments. This paper presents five areas or aspects of visual analytic environments that should be considered as metrics and methodologies for evaluation are developed. Evaluation aspects need to include usability, but it is necessary to go beyond basic usability. The areas of situation awareness, collaboration, interaction, creativity, and utility are proposed as the five evaluation areas for initial consideration. The steps that need to be undertaken to develop systematic evaluation methodologies and metrics for visual analytic environments are outlined.
---
paper_title: Less - template-based syndication and presentation of linked data

paper_content:

Recently, the publishing of structured, semantic information as linked data has gained quite some momentum. For ordinary users on the Internet, however, this information is not yet very visible and (re-) usable. With LESS we present an end-to-end approach for the syndication and use of linked data based on the definition of templates for linked data resources and SPARQL query results. Such syndication templates are edited, published and shared by using a collaborative Web platform. Templates for common types of entities can then be combined with specific, linked data resources or SPARQL query results and integrated into a wide range of applications, such as personal homepages, blogs/wikis, mobile widgets etc. In order to improve reliability and performance of linked data, LESS caches versions either for a certain time span or for the case of inaccessibility of the original source. LESS supports the integration of information from various sources as well as any text-based output formats. This allows not only to generate HTML, but also diagrams, RSS feeds or even complete data mashups without any programming involved.
---
paper_title: Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing

paper_content:

This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
---
paper_title: Semantic web user interactions: exploring hci challenges

paper_content:

The purpose of this workshop is to engage interaction researchers and designers in the user interaction challenges posed by the Semantic Web. The workshop will be the fifth workshop in the SWUI series - it has previously been hosted at either the World Wide Web Conference or the International Semantic Web Conference. We have sufficient exemplars of both tools and approaches now that we can demonstrate the concepts of the space to participants and make it very clear why there are design/research challenges for the CHI community. We want to explore current and future CHI research that fits this problem space, and so invite participants exploring many interaction issues.
---
paper_title: RDQL-A Query Language for RDF

paper_content:

An optoelectronic data entry means which employs radiation and radiation-responsive elements as a means of converting information from manually entered form to electrical signal form. A plurality of data entry elements are mounted in chambers in a housing in row-and-column arrangement. A plurality of communication channels and output channels are disposed in a generally planar orientation in the housing. The communication channels provide access from a source of radiation to the chambers in which the data entry elements are disposed, and the output channels provide radiation paths from said chambers to a plurality of detectors capable of converting the radiation to electrical signals. Beam splitting devices mounted on the inner ends of the data entry elements are effective, upon selective operation of the data entry elements, to deflect a portion of the radiation admitted to the chambers through the communication channels into the output channels for detection by the corresponding detectors, while permitting another portion of said radiation to pass through said beam splitters for possible interception by the beam splitter of another data entry element associated with the same communication channel. Two arrangements are disclosed, one of which includes mechanical encoding of the input information.
---
paper_title: Interactive relationship discovery via the semantic web

paper_content:

This paper presents an approach for the interactive discovery of relationships between selected elements via the Semantic Web. It emphasizes the human aspect of relationship discovery by offering sophisticated interaction support. Selected elements are first semi-automatically mapped to unique objects of Semantic Web datasets. These datasets are then crawled for relationships which are presented in detail and overview. Interactive features and visual clues allow for a sophisticated exploration of the found relationships. The general process is described and the RelFinder tool as a concrete implementation and proof-of-concept is presented and evaluated in a user study. The application potentials are illustrated by a scenario that uses the RelFinder and DBpedia to assist a business analyst in decision-making. Main contributions compared to previous and related work are data aggregations on several dimensions, a graph visualization that displays and connects relationships also between more than two given objects, and an advanced implementation that is highly configurable and applicable to arbitrary RDF datasets.
---
paper_title: Tabulator Redux: Browsing and Writing Linked Data

paper_content:

Figure 1. The Tabulator. The first frame shows the Tabulator with an RDF source, the Open Linked Data Project open. The second frame shows information within that source expanded, the third frame shows another source within that source expanded, and finally, the last frame shows that the label of that source has been edited from "Music and artist data interlinked" to "Music and artist data linked on the Semantic Web" ABSTRACT A first category of Semantic Web browsers was designed to present a given dataset (an RDF graph) for perusal in various forms. These include mSpace, Exhibit, and to a certain extent Haystack. A second category tackled mechanisms and display issues around presenting linked data gathered on the fly. These include Tabulator, Oink, Disco, Open Link Software's Data Browser, and Object Browser. The challenge of once that data is gathered, how might it be edited, extended and annotated has so far been left largely unaddressed. This is not surprising: there are a number of steep challenges for determining how to support editing information in the open web of linked data. These include the representation of both the web of documents and the web of things, and the relationships between them; ensuring the user is aware of and has control over the social context such as licensing and privacy of data being entered, and, on a web in which anyone can say anything about anything, helping the user intuitively select the things which they actually wish to see in a given situation. There is also the view update problem: the difficulty of reflecting user edits back through functions used to map web data
---
paper_title: Tabulator: Exploring and analyzing linked data on the semantic web

paper_content:

A web of linked RDF data may be enabled by standards specifying how links should be made in RDF and under what conditions they should be followed as well as powerful generic RDF browsers that can traverse an open web of RDF resources. The Tabulator is an RDF browser, which is designed both for new users to provoke interest in the Semantic Web and give them a means to access and interact with the entire web of RDF data, and for developers of RDF content to provide incentive for them to post their data in RDF, to refine and promote RDF linking standards, and to let providers see how their data interacts with the rest of the Semantic Web. A challenge for Semantic Web browsers is to bring the power of domain-specific applications to a generic program when new unexpected domains can be encountered in real time. The Tabulator project is an attempt to demonstrate and utilize the power of linked RDF data with a user-friendly Semantic Web browser that is able to recognize and follow RDF links to other RDF resources based on the user’s exploration and analysis.
---
paper_title: Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics

paper_content:

This is the book form of the Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics to be published by IEEE in 2005.
---
paper_title: Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative

paper_content:

Graphics If you think you might like Visual Explanations —perhaps you have heard that it is the third in a series of beautifully produced books about the graphical display of data—then you should buy it. Not many books have been as widely acclaimed by so many readers working in as many different fields as these have. Edward Tufte and his Graphics Press present here the description of strategies for the display of information about "motion, process, mechanism, cause and effect." The author explains that if the first book in the series, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , was about pictures of numbers, and the second, Envisioning Information , about pictures of nouns, then this book is about pictures of verbs. Using a series of beautifully reproduced graphical displays, which are variously witty, delightful, and thought-provoking, Tufte continues our education on how data should be displayed. And, as may be the case
---
paper_title: mSpace: improving information access to multimedia domains with multimodal exploratory search

paper_content:

Overview of mSpace interaction approach for presenting exploratory search particularly in the audio domain by using slices, preview cues, and user-determined organization of information from high-dimensional spaces
---
paper_title: Linked Data -- The story so far

paper_content:

The term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.
---
paper_title: Evaluating Information Visualizations

paper_content:

Information visualization research is becoming more established, and as a result, it is becoming increasingly important that research in this field is validated. With the general increase in information visualization research there has also been an increase, albeit disproportionately small, in the amount of empirical work directly focused on information visualization. The purpose of this chapter is to increase awareness of empirical research in general, of its relationship to information visualization in particular; to emphasize its importance; and to encourage thoughtful application of a greater variety of evaluative research methodologies in information visualization.
---
paper_title: Humboldt: Exploring Linked Data

paper_content:

We present Humboldt, a novel user interface for browsing RDF data. Current user interfaces for browsing RDF data are reviewed. We argue that browsing tasks require both a facet browser’s ability to select and process groups of resources at a time and a ’resource at a time’ browser’s ability to navigate anywhere in a dataset. We describe Humboldt which combines these two features in a single coherent interface. Our approach is based on the operation of pivoting, which enables the user to move the focus of a browsing from one set of resources to a set of related resources. With repeated use of the pivot operation the user can browse anywhere in the data. We describe a preliminary evaluation of our approach and discuss its implications for further development.
---
paper_title: Beyond Usability: Evaluation Aspects of Visual Analytic Environments

paper_content:

A new field of research, visual analytics, has recently been introduced. This has been defined as "the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces" [20]. Visual analytic environments, therefore, support analytical reasoning using visual representations and interactions, with data representations and transformation capabilities, to support production, presentation, and dissemination. As researchers begin to develop visual analytic environments, it will be advantageous to develop metrics and methodologies to help researchers measure the progress of their work and understand the impact their work will have on the users who will work in such environments. This paper presents five areas or aspects of visual analytic environments that should be considered as metrics and methodologies for evaluation are developed. Evaluation aspects need to include usability, but it is necessary to go beyond basic usability. The areas of situation awareness, collaboration, interaction, creativity, and utility are proposed as the five evaluation areas for initial consideration. The steps that need to be undertaken to develop systematic evaluation methodologies and metrics for visual analytic environments are outlined.
---
paper_title: Building Linked Data For Both Humans and Machines

paper_content:

In this paper we describe our experience with building the riese dataset, an interlinked, RDF-based version of the Eurostat data, containing statistical data about the European Union. The riese dataset (http://riese.joanneum.at), aims at serving roughly 3 billion RDF triples, along with millions of high-quality interlinks. Our contribution is twofold: Firstly, we suggest using RDFa as the main deployment mechanism, hence serving both humans and machines to effectively and efficiently explore and use the dataset. Secondly, we introduce a new way of enriching the dataset with high-quality links: the User Contributed Interlinking, a Wiki-style way of adding semantic links to data pages.
---
paper_title: LENA - Browsing RDF Data More Complex Than Foaf

paper_content:

We present LENA, a web-based RDF browser that supports the rendering of complex RDF data, including interlinked data available on the Semantic Web, based on criteria expressed as SPARQL queries. The user interface of LENA enables to switch between different views onto the presented data enabling users to browse with respect to individual interests or expertise.
---
paper_title: Linking Enterprise Data

paper_content:

The “Linking Open Data” community initiative contributed a great deal to the concretization of the web of data, describing best practice, publishing large sets of RDF data on the web, and consequently giving birth to a new area of possibilities for innovative mashups using these data. Enterprises’ information systems too can be envisioned as a space of linked data. We describe herein how we used Linked Data principles in a work intended to foster adoption of semantic web technologies in our company.
---
paper_title: RKBExplorer.com: a knowledge driven infrastructure for linked data providers

paper_content:

RKB Explorer is a Semantic Web application that is able to present unified views of a significant number of heterogeneous data sources. We have developed an underlying information infrastructure which is mediated by ontologies and consists of many independent triple-stores, each publicly available through both SPARQL endpoints and resolvable URIs. To realise this synergy of disparate information sources, we have deployed tools to identify co-referent URIs, and devised an architecture to allow the information to be represented and used. This paper provides a brief overview of the system including the underlying infrastructure, and a number of associated tools for both knowledge acquisition and publishing.
---
paper_title: Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing

paper_content:

This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
---
paper_title: The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations

paper_content:

A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).
---
paper_title: Semantic web data visualization with graph style sheets

paper_content:

Visual paradigms such as node-link diagrams are well suited to the representation of Semantic Web data encoded with the Resource Description Framework (RDF), whose data model can be seen as a directed labeled graph. However, these representations are not fully satisfying: diagrams can quickly become big and over-cluttered, making them hard to understand. This problem can be partly addressed by visually transforming the graphs: filtering information, providing alternative layouts for specific elements, and using all available visual variables to encode information, so as to better take advantage of human perceptual abilities. Graph Style Sheets have been designed for that purpose, allowing the filtering, grouping and styling of information elements through the specification of declarative transformation rules.
---
paper_title: Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics

paper_content:

This is the book form of the Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics to be published by IEEE in 2005.
---
paper_title: User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments

paper_content:

end users are to contribute to the Web of Data as they have to the Web of Documents, they must employ tools that enable them to do so. This challenge is not easy to meet, as formal knowledge representation is a daunting task for the uninitiated. Indeed, we have empirically observed that expressing anything but the most straightforward of facts in RDF-compatible format is extremely difficult for newcomers to do reliably. This paper reports on a controlled experiment in which novices attempted to use a prototype Linked Data interface to both find and encode bits of everyday knowledge. The application presents a user-friendly veneer to the Semantic Web, manifesting the essential graph-based nature of the data model while shielding the user from the complexity of syntax. This allows us to study user behavior in attacking the deep, cognitive problem: breaking down knowledge into the triple-based structure required by RDF Linked Data. Our study sheds light on some of the key aspects of knowledge formulation that novices struggle with, and suggests several specific design approaches for Linked Data authoring environments that our experiment makes clear beneficially address crucial issues.
---
paper_title: Media Meets Semantic Web - How the BBC Uses DBpedia and Linked Data to Make Conections

paper_content:

In this paper, we describe how the BBC is working to integrate data and linking documents across BBC domains by using Semantic Web technology, in particular Linked Data, MusicBrainz and DBpedia. We cover the work of BBC Programmes and BBC Music building Linked Data sites for all music and programmes related brands, and we describe existing projects, ongoing development, and further research we are doing in a joint collaboration between the BBC, Freie Universitat Berlin and Rattle Research in order to use DBpedia as the controlled vocabulary and semantic backbone for the whole BBC.
---
paper_title: Exploring the Geospatial Semantic Web with DBpedia Mobile

paper_content:

The Geospatial Semantic Web makes locations first-class citizens of the Web by representing them as original Web resources. This allows locations to be described in an open and distributed manner using the Resource Description Framework and provides for interlinking data about locations between data sources. In addition to using geo-coordinates to express geographical proximity, the Geospatial Semantic Web provides for relating locations as well as regions to each other using explicit semantic relationship types such as containment or shared borders. This article gives an overview of the Geospatial Semantic Web and describes DBpedia Mobile, a location-aware Semantic Web client that can be used on an iPhone and other mobile devices. Based on the current GPS position, DBpedia Mobile renders a map indicating nearby locations from the DBpedia data set. Starting from this map, the user can explore background information about his surroundings by navigating along data links into other data sources. DBpedia Mobile has been designed for the use case of a tourist exploring a city. Besides accessing Web data, DBpedia Mobile also enables users to publish their current location, pictures and reviews to the Semantic Web so that they can be used by other Semantic Web applications. Instead of simply being tagged with geographical coordinates, published content is interlinked with a nearby DBpedia resource and thus contributes to the overall richness of the Geospatial Semantic Web.
---
paper_title: Fresnel - A Browser-Independent Presentation Vocabulary for RDF

paper_content:

Semantic Web browsers and other tools aimed at displaying RDF data to end users are all concerned with the same problem: presenting content primarily intended for machine consumption in a human-readable way. Their solutions differ but in the end address the same two high-level issues, no matter the underlying representation paradigm: specifying (i) what information contained in RDF models should be presented (content selection) and (ii) how this information should be presented (content formatting and styling). However, each tool currently relies on its own ad hoc mechanisms and vocabulary for specifying RDF presentation knowledge, making it difficult to share and reuse such knowledge across applications. Recognizing the general need for presenting RDF content to users and wanting to promote the exchange of presentation knowledge, we developed Fresnel as a browser-independent extensible vocabulary of core RDF display concepts.
---
paper_title: Readings in Information Visualization-Using Visualization to Think

paper_content:

A programmable DC power supply including a proportionally controlled transistor connected in series with the load for varying the load current in accordance with the magnitude of a control signal applied to the transistor. A detector coupled across the transistor functions to sense high and low voltage thresholds and thereupon select an incrementally higher or lower voltage for application to the load to assure that the transistor operates continuously in its proportional range, thereby enabling the input signal to maintain control of the load current.
---
paper_title: How Information Visualization Novices Construct Visualizations

paper_content:

It remains challenging for information visualization novices to rapidly construct visualizations during exploratory data analysis. We conducted an exploratory laboratory study in which information visualization novices explored fictitious sales data by communicating visualization specifications to a human mediator, who rapidly constructed the visualizations using commercial visualization software. We found that three activities were central to the iterative visualization construction process: data attribute selection, visual template selection, and visual mapping specification. The major barriers faced by the participants were translating questions into data attributes, designing visual mappings, and interpreting the visualizations. Partial specification was common, and the participants used simple heuristics and preferred visualizations they were already familiar with, such as bar, line and pie charts. We derived abstract models from our observations that describe barriers in the data exploration process and uncovered how information visualization novices think about visualization specifications. Our findings support the need for tools that suggest potential visualizations and support iterative refinement, that provide explanations and help with learning, and that are tightly integrated into tool support for the overall visual analytics process.
---
paper_title: Knowledge precepts for design and evaluation of information visualizations

paper_content:

The design and evaluation of most current information visualization systems descend from an emphasis on a user's ability to "unpack" the representations of data of interest and operate on them independently. Too often, successful decision-making and analysis are more a matter of serendipity and user experience than of intentional design and specific support for such tasks; although humans have considerable abilities in analyzing relationships from data, the utility of visualizations remains relatively variable across users, data sets, and domains. In this paper, we discuss the notion of analytic gaps, which represent obstacles faced by visualizations in facilitating higher-level analytic tasks, such as decision-making and learning. We discuss support for bridging these gaps, propose a framework for the design and evaluation of information visualization systems, and demonstrate its use.
---
paper_title: Visualization of semantic metadata and ontologies

paper_content:

Implicit information embedded in semantic Web graphs, such as topography, clusters, and disconnected subgraphs is difficult to extract from text files. Visualizations of the graphs can reveal some of these features, but existing systems for visualizing metadata focus on aspects other than understanding the greater structure. We present a tool for generating visualizations of ontologies and metadata by using a modified spring embedder to achieve an automatic layout. Through a case study using a mid-sized ontology, we show that interesting information about the data relationships can be extracted through our visualization of the physical graph structure.
---
paper_title: Linked Data -- The story so far

paper_content:

The term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.
---
paper_title: Linked Data: Evolving the Web Into a Global Data Space

paper_content:

The World Wide Web has enabled the creation of a global information space comprising linked documents. As the Web becomes ever more enmeshed with our daily lives, there is a growing desire for direct access to raw data not currently available on the Web or bound up in hypertext documents. Linked Data provides a publishing paradigm in which not only documents, but also data, can be a first class citizen of the Web, thereby enabling the extension of the Web with a global data space based on open standards - the Web of Data. In this Synthesis lecture we provide readers with a detailed technical introduction to Linked Data. We begin by outlining the basic principles of Linked Data, including coverage of relevant aspects of Web architecture. The remainder of the text is based around two main themes - the publication and consumption of Linked Data. Drawing on a practical Linked Data scenario, we provide guidance and best practices on: architectural approaches to publishing Linked Data; choosing URIs and vocabularies to identify and describe resources; deciding what data to return in a description of a resource on the Web; methods and frameworks for automated linking of data sets; and testing and debugging approaches for Linked Data deployments. We give an overview of existing Linked Data applications and then examine the architectures that are used to consume Linked Data from the Web, alongside existing tools and frameworks that enable these. Readers can expect to gain a rich technical understanding of Linked Data fundamentals, as the basis for application development, research or further study.
---
paper_title: Building Linked Data For Both Humans and Machines

paper_content:

In this paper we describe our experience with building the riese dataset, an interlinked, RDF-based version of the Eurostat data, containing statistical data about the European Union. The riese dataset (http://riese.joanneum.at), aims at serving roughly 3 billion RDF triples, along with millions of high-quality interlinks. Our contribution is twofold: Firstly, we suggest using RDFa as the main deployment mechanism, hence serving both humans and machines to effectively and efficiently explore and use the dataset. Secondly, we introduce a new way of enriching the dataset with high-quality links: the User Contributed Interlinking, a Wiki-style way of adding semantic links to data pages.
---
paper_title: Visual analytics: Definition, process, and challenges

paper_content:

We are living in a world which faces a rapidly increasing amount of data to be dealt with on a daily basis. In the last decade, the steady improvement of data storage devices and means to create and collect data along the way influenced our way of dealing with information: Most of the time, data is stored without filtering and refinement for later use. Virtually every branch of industry or business, and any political or personal activity nowadays generate vast amounts of data. Making matters worse, the possibilities to collect and store data increase at a faster rate than our ability to use it for making decisions. However, in most applications, raw data has no value in itself; instead we want to extract the information contained in it.
---
paper_title: Weaving the Pedantic Web

paper_content:

Over a decade after RDF has been published as a W3C recommendation, publishing open and machine-readable content on the Web has recently received a lot more attention, including from corporate and governmental bodies; notably thanks to the Linked Open Data community, there now exists a rich vein of heterogeneous RDF data published on the Web (the so-called \Web of Data") accessible to all. However, RDF publishers are prone to making errors which compromise the e ectiveness of applications leveraging the resulting data. In this paper, we discuss common errors in RDF publishing, their consequences for applications, along with possible publisher-oriented approaches to improve the quality of structured, machine-readable and open data on the Web.
---
paper_title: Piggy Bank: Experience the Semantic Web Inside Your Web Browser

paper_content:

The Semantic Web Initiative envisions a Web wherein information is offered free of presentation, allowing more effective exchange and mixing across web sites and across web pages. But without substantial Semantic Web content, few tools will be written to consume it; without many such tools, there is little appeal to publish Semantic Web content. To break this chicken-and-egg problem, thus enabling more flexible information access, we have created a web browser extension called Piggy Bank that lets users make use of Semantic Web content within Web content as users browse the Web. Wherever Semantic Web content is not available, Piggy Bank can invoke screenscrapers to re-structure information within web pages into Semantic Web format. Through the use of Semantic Web technologies, Piggy Bank provides direct, immediate benefits to users in their use of the existing Web. Thus, the existence of even just a few Semantic Web-enabled sites or a few scrapers already benefits users. Piggy Bank thereby offers an easy, incremental upgrade path to users without requiring a wholesale adoption of the Semantic Web's vision. To further improve this Semantic Web experience, we have created Semantic Bank, a web server application that lets Piggy Bank users share the Semantic Web information they have collected, enabling collaborative efforts to build sophisticated Semantic Web information repositories through simple, everyday's use of Piggy Bank.
---
paper_title: Semi-automatic Generation of GUIs for RDF Browsing

paper_content:

In this paper we present an approach to automatic generation of GUI for browsing of RDF data based on observation of existing forms and their adaptation to available RDF graphs. The objective of such an approach is the rapid prototyping of forms and their associated queries by exploiting the vast amount examples that is already available from the Web, and trying to automate those steps requiring human intervention (form template extraction, query specification) for customizing found examples to developer’s specific needs.
---
paper_title: Less - template-based syndication and presentation of linked data

paper_content:

Recently, the publishing of structured, semantic information as linked data has gained quite some momentum. For ordinary users on the Internet, however, this information is not yet very visible and (re-) usable. With LESS we present an end-to-end approach for the syndication and use of linked data based on the definition of templates for linked data resources and SPARQL query results. Such syndication templates are edited, published and shared by using a collaborative Web platform. Templates for common types of entities can then be combined with specific, linked data resources or SPARQL query results and integrated into a wide range of applications, such as personal homepages, blogs/wikis, mobile widgets etc. In order to improve reliability and performance of linked data, LESS caches versions either for a certain time span or for the case of inaccessibility of the original source. LESS supports the integration of information from various sources as well as any text-based output formats. This allows not only to generate HTML, but also diagrams, RSS feeds or even complete data mashups without any programming involved.
---
paper_title: Browsing Linked Data with Fenfire

paper_content:

A wealth of information has recently become available as browsable RDF data on the Web, but the selection of client applications to interact with this Linked Data remains limited. We show how to browse Linked Data with Fenfire, a Free and Open Source Software RDF browser and editor that employs a graph view and focuses on an engaging and interactive browsing experience. This sets Fenfire apart from previous table- and outline-based Linked Data browsers.
---
paper_title: Tabulator Redux: Browsing and Writing Linked Data

paper_content:

Figure 1. The Tabulator. The first frame shows the Tabulator with an RDF source, the Open Linked Data Project open. The second frame shows information within that source expanded, the third frame shows another source within that source expanded, and finally, the last frame shows that the label of that source has been edited from "Music and artist data interlinked" to "Music and artist data linked on the Semantic Web" ABSTRACT A first category of Semantic Web browsers was designed to present a given dataset (an RDF graph) for perusal in various forms. These include mSpace, Exhibit, and to a certain extent Haystack. A second category tackled mechanisms and display issues around presenting linked data gathered on the fly. These include Tabulator, Oink, Disco, Open Link Software's Data Browser, and Object Browser. The challenge of once that data is gathered, how might it be edited, extended and annotated has so far been left largely unaddressed. This is not surprising: there are a number of steep challenges for determining how to support editing information in the open web of linked data. These include the representation of both the web of documents and the web of things, and the relationships between them; ensuring the user is aware of and has control over the social context such as licensing and privacy of data being entered, and, on a web in which anyone can say anything about anything, helping the user intuitively select the things which they actually wish to see in a given situation. There is also the view update problem: the difficulty of reflecting user edits back through functions used to map web data
---
paper_title: Interactive relationship discovery via the semantic web

paper_content:

This paper presents an approach for the interactive discovery of relationships between selected elements via the Semantic Web. It emphasizes the human aspect of relationship discovery by offering sophisticated interaction support. Selected elements are first semi-automatically mapped to unique objects of Semantic Web datasets. These datasets are then crawled for relationships which are presented in detail and overview. Interactive features and visual clues allow for a sophisticated exploration of the found relationships. The general process is described and the RelFinder tool as a concrete implementation and proof-of-concept is presented and evaluated in a user study. The application potentials are illustrated by a scenario that uses the RelFinder and DBpedia to assist a business analyst in decision-making. Main contributions compared to previous and related work are data aggregations on several dimensions, a graph visualization that displays and connects relationships also between more than two given objects, and an advanced implementation that is highly configurable and applicable to arbitrary RDF datasets.
---
paper_title: Understanding and characterizing insights: how do people gain insights using information visualization?

paper_content:

Even though "providing insight" has been considered one of the main purposes of information visualization (InfoVis), we feel that insight is still a not-well-understood concept in this context. Inspired by research in sensemaking, we realized the importance of the procedural aspects in understanding insight. Thus, rather than asking "What is insight?" we instead focus on "How do people gain insights?" In an effort to better understand and characterize insight, we reviewed previous literature in InfoVis, seeking other researchers' comments and views on this concept. We found that: 1) Insights are often regarded as end results of using InfoVis and the procedures to gain insight have been largely veiled; 2) Four largely distinctive processes of gaining insight (Provide Overview, Adjust, Detect Pattern, and Match Mental Model) have been discussed in the InfoVis literature; and 3) These different processes provide some hints to understand the procedures in which insight can be gained from InfoVis. We hope that our findings help researchers and practitioners evaluate InfoVis systems and technologies in a more insight-oriented way.
---
paper_title: Towards a commercial adoption of linked open data for online content providers

paper_content:

Descriptive case studies for a successful commercial adoption of Linked Data are still rare. Little has been said by the Linked Data community concerning the business potential of Linked Data and the challenges lying ahead for all enterprises, intending to use Linked Data in their professional production environments. Motivated from this lack of research and driven by the requirements of commercial content providers, we present a first version of our prototype, aiming to support professional online editors in producing valuable online content, enriched with (multimedia) information from Linked Data sources. We also include a preliminary evaluation of our prototype and a comparison of the prototype against other systems for semantic content enrichement. Though presenting ongoing research, this paper contributes to the current discussion on business aspects related to the provision or consumption of Linked Data.
---
paper_title: The Emerging Web of Linked Data

paper_content:

The paper discusses the semantic Web and Linked Data. The classic World Wide Web is built upon the idea of setting hyperlinks between Web documents. These hyperlinks are the basis for navigating and crawling the Web.Technologically, the core idea of Linked Data is to use HTTP URLs not only to identify Web documents, but also to identify arbitrary real world entities.Data about these entities is represented using the Resource Description Framework (RDF). Whenever a Web client resolves one of these URLs, the corresponding Web server provides an RDF/ XML or RDFa description of the identified entity. These descriptions can contain links to entities described by other data sources.The Web of Linked Data can be seen as an additional layer that is tightly interwoven with the classic document Web. The author mentions the application of Linked Data in media, publications, life sciences, geographic data, user-generated content, and cross-domain data sources. The paper concludes by stating that the Web has succeeded as a single global information space that has dramatically changed the way we use information, disrupted business models, and led to profound societal change.
---
paper_title: The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations

paper_content:

A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).
---
paper_title: User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments

paper_content:

end users are to contribute to the Web of Data as they have to the Web of Documents, they must employ tools that enable them to do so. This challenge is not easy to meet, as formal knowledge representation is a daunting task for the uninitiated. Indeed, we have empirically observed that expressing anything but the most straightforward of facts in RDF-compatible format is extremely difficult for newcomers to do reliably. This paper reports on a controlled experiment in which novices attempted to use a prototype Linked Data interface to both find and encode bits of everyday knowledge. The application presents a user-friendly veneer to the Semantic Web, manifesting the essential graph-based nature of the data model while shielding the user from the complexity of syntax. This allows us to study user behavior in attacking the deep, cognitive problem: breaking down knowledge into the triple-based structure required by RDF Linked Data. Our study sheds light on some of the key aspects of knowledge formulation that novices struggle with, and suggests several specific design approaches for Linked Data authoring environments that our experiment makes clear beneficially address crucial issues.
---
paper_title: Fresnel - A Browser-Independent Presentation Vocabulary for RDF

paper_content:

Semantic Web browsers and other tools aimed at displaying RDF data to end users are all concerned with the same problem: presenting content primarily intended for machine consumption in a human-readable way. Their solutions differ but in the end address the same two high-level issues, no matter the underlying representation paradigm: specifying (i) what information contained in RDF models should be presented (content selection) and (ii) how this information should be presented (content formatting and styling). However, each tool currently relies on its own ad hoc mechanisms and vocabulary for specifying RDF presentation knowledge, making it difficult to share and reuse such knowledge across applications. Recognizing the general need for presenting RDF content to users and wanting to promote the exchange of presentation knowledge, we developed Fresnel as a browser-independent extensible vocabulary of core RDF display concepts.
---
paper_title: Semi-automatic Generation of GUIs for RDF Browsing

paper_content:

In this paper we present an approach to automatic generation of GUI for browsing of RDF data based on observation of existing forms and their adaptation to available RDF graphs. The objective of such an approach is the rapid prototyping of forms and their associated queries by exploiting the vast amount examples that is already available from the Web, and trying to automate those steps requiring human intervention (form template extraction, query specification) for customizing found examples to developer’s specific needs.
---
paper_title: Less - template-based syndication and presentation of linked data

paper_content:

Recently, the publishing of structured, semantic information as linked data has gained quite some momentum. For ordinary users on the Internet, however, this information is not yet very visible and (re-) usable. With LESS we present an end-to-end approach for the syndication and use of linked data based on the definition of templates for linked data resources and SPARQL query results. Such syndication templates are edited, published and shared by using a collaborative Web platform. Templates for common types of entities can then be combined with specific, linked data resources or SPARQL query results and integrated into a wide range of applications, such as personal homepages, blogs/wikis, mobile widgets etc. In order to improve reliability and performance of linked data, LESS caches versions either for a certain time span or for the case of inaccessibility of the original source. LESS supports the integration of information from various sources as well as any text-based output formats. This allows not only to generate HTML, but also diagrams, RSS feeds or even complete data mashups without any programming involved.
---
paper_title: Towards a commercial adoption of linked open data for online content providers

paper_content:

Descriptive case studies for a successful commercial adoption of Linked Data are still rare. Little has been said by the Linked Data community concerning the business potential of Linked Data and the challenges lying ahead for all enterprises, intending to use Linked Data in their professional production environments. Motivated from this lack of research and driven by the requirements of commercial content providers, we present a first version of our prototype, aiming to support professional online editors in producing valuable online content, enriched with (multimedia) information from Linked Data sources. We also include a preliminary evaluation of our prototype and a comparison of the prototype against other systems for semantic content enrichement. Though presenting ongoing research, this paper contributes to the current discussion on business aspects related to the provision or consumption of Linked Data.
---
paper_title: Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing

paper_content:

This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
---
paper_title: Semantic web user interactions: exploring hci challenges

paper_content:

The purpose of this workshop is to engage interaction researchers and designers in the user interaction challenges posed by the Semantic Web. The workshop will be the fifth workshop in the SWUI series - it has previously been hosted at either the World Wide Web Conference or the International Semantic Web Conference. We have sufficient exemplars of both tools and approaches now that we can demonstrate the concepts of the space to participants and make it very clear why there are design/research challenges for the CHI community. We want to explore current and future CHI research that fits this problem space, and so invite participants exploring many interaction issues.
---
paper_title: Understanding and characterizing insights: how do people gain insights using information visualization?

paper_content:

Even though "providing insight" has been considered one of the main purposes of information visualization (InfoVis), we feel that insight is still a not-well-understood concept in this context. Inspired by research in sensemaking, we realized the importance of the procedural aspects in understanding insight. Thus, rather than asking "What is insight?" we instead focus on "How do people gain insights?" In an effort to better understand and characterize insight, we reviewed previous literature in InfoVis, seeking other researchers' comments and views on this concept. We found that: 1) Insights are often regarded as end results of using InfoVis and the procedures to gain insight have been largely veiled; 2) Four largely distinctive processes of gaining insight (Provide Overview, Adjust, Detect Pattern, and Match Mental Model) have been discussed in the InfoVis literature; and 3) These different processes provide some hints to understand the procedures in which insight can be gained from InfoVis. We hope that our findings help researchers and practitioners evaluate InfoVis systems and technologies in a more insight-oriented way.
---
paper_title: The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations

paper_content:

A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).
---
paper_title: Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing

paper_content:

This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
---
paper_title: The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations

paper_content:

A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).
---
paper_title: User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments

paper_content:

end users are to contribute to the Web of Data as they have to the Web of Documents, they must employ tools that enable them to do so. This challenge is not easy to meet, as formal knowledge representation is a daunting task for the uninitiated. Indeed, we have empirically observed that expressing anything but the most straightforward of facts in RDF-compatible format is extremely difficult for newcomers to do reliably. This paper reports on a controlled experiment in which novices attempted to use a prototype Linked Data interface to both find and encode bits of everyday knowledge. The application presents a user-friendly veneer to the Semantic Web, manifesting the essential graph-based nature of the data model while shielding the user from the complexity of syntax. This allows us to study user behavior in attacking the deep, cognitive problem: breaking down knowledge into the triple-based structure required by RDF Linked Data. Our study sheds light on some of the key aspects of knowledge formulation that novices struggle with, and suggests several specific design approaches for Linked Data authoring environments that our experiment makes clear beneficially address crucial issues.
---
paper_title: DBpedia -- A Crystallization Point for the Web of Data

paper_content:

The DBpedia project is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information accessible on the Web. The resulting DBpedia knowledge base currently describes over 2.6 million entities. For each of these entities, DBpedia defines a globally unique identifier that can be dereferenced over the Web into a rich RDF description of the entity, including human-readable definitions in 30 languages, relationships to other resources, classifications in four concept hierarchies, various facts as well as data-level links to other Web data sources describing the entity. Over the last year, an increasing number of data publishers have begun to set data-level links to DBpedia resources, making DBpedia a central interlinking hub for the emerging Web of Data. Currently, the Web of interlinked data sources around DBpedia provides approximately 4.7 billion pieces of information and covers domains such as geographic information, people, companies, films, music, genes, drugs, books, and scientific publications. This article describes the extraction of the DBpedia knowledge base, the current status of interlinking DBpedia with other data sources on the Web, and gives an overview of applications that facilitate the Web of Data around DBpedia.
---
paper_title: Building Linked Data For Both Humans and Machines

paper_content:

In this paper we describe our experience with building the riese dataset, an interlinked, RDF-based version of the Eurostat data, containing statistical data about the European Union. The riese dataset (http://riese.joanneum.at), aims at serving roughly 3 billion RDF triples, along with millions of high-quality interlinks. Our contribution is twofold: Firstly, we suggest using RDFa as the main deployment mechanism, hence serving both humans and machines to effectively and efficiently explore and use the dataset. Secondly, we introduce a new way of enriching the dataset with high-quality links: the User Contributed Interlinking, a Wiki-style way of adding semantic links to data pages.
---
paper_title: Weaving the Pedantic Web

paper_content:

Over a decade after RDF has been published as a W3C recommendation, publishing open and machine-readable content on the Web has recently received a lot more attention, including from corporate and governmental bodies; notably thanks to the Linked Open Data community, there now exists a rich vein of heterogeneous RDF data published on the Web (the so-called \Web of Data") accessible to all. However, RDF publishers are prone to making errors which compromise the e ectiveness of applications leveraging the resulting data. In this paper, we discuss common errors in RDF publishing, their consequences for applications, along with possible publisher-oriented approaches to improve the quality of structured, machine-readable and open data on the Web.
---
paper_title: Piggy Bank: Experience the Semantic Web Inside Your Web Browser

paper_content:

The Semantic Web Initiative envisions a Web wherein information is offered free of presentation, allowing more effective exchange and mixing across web sites and across web pages. But without substantial Semantic Web content, few tools will be written to consume it; without many such tools, there is little appeal to publish Semantic Web content. To break this chicken-and-egg problem, thus enabling more flexible information access, we have created a web browser extension called Piggy Bank that lets users make use of Semantic Web content within Web content as users browse the Web. Wherever Semantic Web content is not available, Piggy Bank can invoke screenscrapers to re-structure information within web pages into Semantic Web format. Through the use of Semantic Web technologies, Piggy Bank provides direct, immediate benefits to users in their use of the existing Web. Thus, the existence of even just a few Semantic Web-enabled sites or a few scrapers already benefits users. Piggy Bank thereby offers an easy, incremental upgrade path to users without requiring a wholesale adoption of the Semantic Web's vision. To further improve this Semantic Web experience, we have created Semantic Bank, a web server application that lets Piggy Bank users share the Semantic Web information they have collected, enabling collaborative efforts to build sophisticated Semantic Web information repositories through simple, everyday's use of Piggy Bank.
---
paper_title: The Emerging Web of Linked Data

paper_content:

The paper discusses the semantic Web and Linked Data. The classic World Wide Web is built upon the idea of setting hyperlinks between Web documents. These hyperlinks are the basis for navigating and crawling the Web.Technologically, the core idea of Linked Data is to use HTTP URLs not only to identify Web documents, but also to identify arbitrary real world entities.Data about these entities is represented using the Resource Description Framework (RDF). Whenever a Web client resolves one of these URLs, the corresponding Web server provides an RDF/ XML or RDFa description of the identified entity. These descriptions can contain links to entities described by other data sources.The Web of Linked Data can be seen as an additional layer that is tightly interwoven with the classic document Web. The author mentions the application of Linked Data in media, publications, life sciences, geographic data, user-generated content, and cross-domain data sources. The paper concludes by stating that the Web has succeeded as a single global information space that has dramatically changed the way we use information, disrupted business models, and led to profound societal change.
---
paper_title: Semantic web user interactions: exploring hci challenges

paper_content:

The purpose of this workshop is to engage interaction researchers and designers in the user interaction challenges posed by the Semantic Web. The workshop will be the fifth workshop in the SWUI series - it has previously been hosted at either the World Wide Web Conference or the International Semantic Web Conference. We have sufficient exemplars of both tools and approaches now that we can demonstrate the concepts of the space to participants and make it very clear why there are design/research challenges for the CHI community. We want to explore current and future CHI research that fits this problem space, and so invite participants exploring many interaction issues.
---
paper_title: Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative

paper_content:

Graphics If you think you might like Visual Explanations —perhaps you have heard that it is the third in a series of beautifully produced books about the graphical display of data—then you should buy it. Not many books have been as widely acclaimed by so many readers working in as many different fields as these have. Edward Tufte and his Graphics Press present here the description of strategies for the display of information about "motion, process, mechanism, cause and effect." The author explains that if the first book in the series, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , was about pictures of numbers, and the second, Envisioning Information , about pictures of nouns, then this book is about pictures of verbs. Using a series of beautifully reproduced graphical displays, which are variously witty, delightful, and thought-provoking, Tufte continues our education on how data should be displayed. And, as may be the case
---
paper_title: Semantic web data visualization with graph style sheets

paper_content:

Visual paradigms such as node-link diagrams are well suited to the representation of Semantic Web data encoded with the Resource Description Framework (RDF), whose data model can be seen as a directed labeled graph. However, these representations are not fully satisfying: diagrams can quickly become big and over-cluttered, making them hard to understand. This problem can be partly addressed by visually transforming the graphs: filtering information, providing alternative layouts for specific elements, and using all available visual variables to encode information, so as to better take advantage of human perceptual abilities. Graph Style Sheets have been designed for that purpose, allowing the filtering, grouping and styling of information elements through the specification of declarative transformation rules.
---
paper_title: Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics

paper_content:

This is the book form of the Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics to be published by IEEE in 2005.
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paper_title: User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments

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end users are to contribute to the Web of Data as they have to the Web of Documents, they must employ tools that enable them to do so. This challenge is not easy to meet, as formal knowledge representation is a daunting task for the uninitiated. Indeed, we have empirically observed that expressing anything but the most straightforward of facts in RDF-compatible format is extremely difficult for newcomers to do reliably. This paper reports on a controlled experiment in which novices attempted to use a prototype Linked Data interface to both find and encode bits of everyday knowledge. The application presents a user-friendly veneer to the Semantic Web, manifesting the essential graph-based nature of the data model while shielding the user from the complexity of syntax. This allows us to study user behavior in attacking the deep, cognitive problem: breaking down knowledge into the triple-based structure required by RDF Linked Data. Our study sheds light on some of the key aspects of knowledge formulation that novices struggle with, and suggests several specific design approaches for Linked Data authoring environments that our experiment makes clear beneficially address crucial issues.
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paper_title: Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative

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Graphics If you think you might like Visual Explanations —perhaps you have heard that it is the third in a series of beautifully produced books about the graphical display of data—then you should buy it. Not many books have been as widely acclaimed by so many readers working in as many different fields as these have. Edward Tufte and his Graphics Press present here the description of strategies for the display of information about "motion, process, mechanism, cause and effect." The author explains that if the first book in the series, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , was about pictures of numbers, and the second, Envisioning Information , about pictures of nouns, then this book is about pictures of verbs. Using a series of beautifully reproduced graphical displays, which are variously witty, delightful, and thought-provoking, Tufte continues our education on how data should be displayed. And, as may be the case
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paper_title: Fresnel - A Browser-Independent Presentation Vocabulary for RDF

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Semantic Web browsers and other tools aimed at displaying RDF data to end users are all concerned with the same problem: presenting content primarily intended for machine consumption in a human-readable way. Their solutions differ but in the end address the same two high-level issues, no matter the underlying representation paradigm: specifying (i) what information contained in RDF models should be presented (content selection) and (ii) how this information should be presented (content formatting and styling). However, each tool currently relies on its own ad hoc mechanisms and vocabulary for specifying RDF presentation knowledge, making it difficult to share and reuse such knowledge across applications. Recognizing the general need for presenting RDF content to users and wanting to promote the exchange of presentation knowledge, we developed Fresnel as a browser-independent extensible vocabulary of core RDF display concepts.
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paper_title: Readings in Information Visualization-Using Visualization to Think

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A programmable DC power supply including a proportionally controlled transistor connected in series with the load for varying the load current in accordance with the magnitude of a control signal applied to the transistor. A detector coupled across the transistor functions to sense high and low voltage thresholds and thereupon select an incrementally higher or lower voltage for application to the load to assure that the transistor operates continuously in its proportional range, thereby enabling the input signal to maintain control of the load current.
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paper_title: Knowledge precepts for design and evaluation of information visualizations

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The design and evaluation of most current information visualization systems descend from an emphasis on a user's ability to "unpack" the representations of data of interest and operate on them independently. Too often, successful decision-making and analysis are more a matter of serendipity and user experience than of intentional design and specific support for such tasks; although humans have considerable abilities in analyzing relationships from data, the utility of visualizations remains relatively variable across users, data sets, and domains. In this paper, we discuss the notion of analytic gaps, which represent obstacles faced by visualizations in facilitating higher-level analytic tasks, such as decision-making and learning. We discuss support for bridging these gaps, propose a framework for the design and evaluation of information visualization systems, and demonstrate its use.
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paper_title: Evaluating Information Visualizations

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Information visualization research is becoming more established, and as a result, it is becoming increasingly important that research in this field is validated. With the general increase in information visualization research there has also been an increase, albeit disproportionately small, in the amount of empirical work directly focused on information visualization. The purpose of this chapter is to increase awareness of empirical research in general, of its relationship to information visualization in particular; to emphasize its importance; and to encourage thoughtful application of a greater variety of evaluative research methodologies in information visualization.
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paper_title: Beyond Usability: Evaluation Aspects of Visual Analytic Environments

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A new field of research, visual analytics, has recently been introduced. This has been defined as "the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces" [20]. Visual analytic environments, therefore, support analytical reasoning using visual representations and interactions, with data representations and transformation capabilities, to support production, presentation, and dissemination. As researchers begin to develop visual analytic environments, it will be advantageous to develop metrics and methodologies to help researchers measure the progress of their work and understand the impact their work will have on the users who will work in such environments. This paper presents five areas or aspects of visual analytic environments that should be considered as metrics and methodologies for evaluation are developed. Evaluation aspects need to include usability, but it is necessary to go beyond basic usability. The areas of situation awareness, collaboration, interaction, creativity, and utility are proposed as the five evaluation areas for initial consideration. The steps that need to be undertaken to develop systematic evaluation methodologies and metrics for visual analytic environments are outlined.
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paper_title: Visual analytics: Definition, process, and challenges

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We are living in a world which faces a rapidly increasing amount of data to be dealt with on a daily basis. In the last decade, the steady improvement of data storage devices and means to create and collect data along the way influenced our way of dealing with information: Most of the time, data is stored without filtering and refinement for later use. Virtually every branch of industry or business, and any political or personal activity nowadays generate vast amounts of data. Making matters worse, the possibilities to collect and store data increase at a faster rate than our ability to use it for making decisions. However, in most applications, raw data has no value in itself; instead we want to extract the information contained in it.
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paper_title: Linking Enterprise Data

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The “Linking Open Data” community initiative contributed a great deal to the concretization of the web of data, describing best practice, publishing large sets of RDF data on the web, and consequently giving birth to a new area of possibilities for innovative mashups using these data. Enterprises’ information systems too can be envisioned as a space of linked data. We describe herein how we used Linked Data principles in a work intended to foster adoption of semantic web technologies in our company.
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paper_title: The Pathetic Fallacy of RDF

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The most popular visualization of RDF - the underlying language to represent the Semantic Web – is a Great Big Graph (GBG) or Big Fat Graph (BFG) if one prefers. By graph, we mean representations with nodes and edges to model the relationships within the space represented. Why are they the default representation? The answer that is usually proferred is that the Semantic Web is a Graph, ipso facto we use graphs to represent it. This notion that data should be presented to the user as it is represented in the computer is what we propose as the pathetic fallacy of RDF. In the following discussion, we consider examples of the pathetic fallacy in terms of the interaction challenge of * what knowledge these graphs communicate, * what tasks they support, and * whether these are the optimal paradigms for these representations/tasks. From this context, we investigate the question, are graphs the main default representation for the Semantic Web and if not, how might we think about formalized representations for the Semantic Web in order to make accessible the promised benefits of the Semantic Web for knowledge building.
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paper_title: Piggy Bank: Experience the Semantic Web Inside Your Web Browser

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The Semantic Web Initiative envisions a Web wherein information is offered free of presentation, allowing more effective exchange and mixing across web sites and across web pages. But without substantial Semantic Web content, few tools will be written to consume it; without many such tools, there is little appeal to publish Semantic Web content. To break this chicken-and-egg problem, thus enabling more flexible information access, we have created a web browser extension called Piggy Bank that lets users make use of Semantic Web content within Web content as users browse the Web. Wherever Semantic Web content is not available, Piggy Bank can invoke screenscrapers to re-structure information within web pages into Semantic Web format. Through the use of Semantic Web technologies, Piggy Bank provides direct, immediate benefits to users in their use of the existing Web. Thus, the existence of even just a few Semantic Web-enabled sites or a few scrapers already benefits users. Piggy Bank thereby offers an easy, incremental upgrade path to users without requiring a wholesale adoption of the Semantic Web's vision. To further improve this Semantic Web experience, we have created Semantic Bank, a web server application that lets Piggy Bank users share the Semantic Web information they have collected, enabling collaborative efforts to build sophisticated Semantic Web information repositories through simple, everyday's use of Piggy Bank.
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paper_title: Semi-automatic Generation of GUIs for RDF Browsing

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In this paper we present an approach to automatic generation of GUI for browsing of RDF data based on observation of existing forms and their adaptation to available RDF graphs. The objective of such an approach is the rapid prototyping of forms and their associated queries by exploiting the vast amount examples that is already available from the Web, and trying to automate those steps requiring human intervention (form template extraction, query specification) for customizing found examples to developer’s specific needs.
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paper_title: Less - template-based syndication and presentation of linked data

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Recently, the publishing of structured, semantic information as linked data has gained quite some momentum. For ordinary users on the Internet, however, this information is not yet very visible and (re-) usable. With LESS we present an end-to-end approach for the syndication and use of linked data based on the definition of templates for linked data resources and SPARQL query results. Such syndication templates are edited, published and shared by using a collaborative Web platform. Templates for common types of entities can then be combined with specific, linked data resources or SPARQL query results and integrated into a wide range of applications, such as personal homepages, blogs/wikis, mobile widgets etc. In order to improve reliability and performance of linked data, LESS caches versions either for a certain time span or for the case of inaccessibility of the original source. LESS supports the integration of information from various sources as well as any text-based output formats. This allows not only to generate HTML, but also diagrams, RSS feeds or even complete data mashups without any programming involved.
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paper_title: Towards a commercial adoption of linked open data for online content providers

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Descriptive case studies for a successful commercial adoption of Linked Data are still rare. Little has been said by the Linked Data community concerning the business potential of Linked Data and the challenges lying ahead for all enterprises, intending to use Linked Data in their professional production environments. Motivated from this lack of research and driven by the requirements of commercial content providers, we present a first version of our prototype, aiming to support professional online editors in producing valuable online content, enriched with (multimedia) information from Linked Data sources. We also include a preliminary evaluation of our prototype and a comparison of the prototype against other systems for semantic content enrichement. Though presenting ongoing research, this paper contributes to the current discussion on business aspects related to the provision or consumption of Linked Data.
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paper_title: Making RDF presentable: integrated global and local semantic Web browsing

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This paper discusses generating document structure from annotated media repositories in a domain-independent manner. This approaches the vision of a universal RDF browser. We start by applying the search-and-browse paradigm established for the WWW to RDF presentation. Furthermore, this paper adds to this paradigm the clustering-based derivation of document structure from search returns, providing simple but domain-independent hypermedia generation from RDF stores. While such generated presentations hardly meet the standards of those written by humans, they provide quick access to media repositories when the required document has not yet been written. The resulting system allows a user to specify a topic for which it generates a hypermedia document providing guided navigation through virtually any RDF repository. The impact for content providers is that as soon as one adds new media items and their annotations to a repository, they become immediately available for automatic integration into subsequently requested presentations.
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paper_title: Tabulator: Exploring and analyzing linked data on the semantic web

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A web of linked RDF data may be enabled by standards specifying how links should be made in RDF and under what conditions they should be followed as well as powerful generic RDF browsers that can traverse an open web of RDF resources. The Tabulator is an RDF browser, which is designed both for new users to provoke interest in the Semantic Web and give them a means to access and interact with the entire web of RDF data, and for developers of RDF content to provide incentive for them to post their data in RDF, to refine and promote RDF linking standards, and to let providers see how their data interacts with the rest of the Semantic Web. A challenge for Semantic Web browsers is to bring the power of domain-specific applications to a generic program when new unexpected domains can be encountered in real time. The Tabulator project is an attempt to demonstrate and utilize the power of linked RDF data with a user-friendly Semantic Web browser that is able to recognize and follow RDF links to other RDF resources based on the user’s exploration and analysis.
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paper_title: The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations

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A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the visual information seeking Mantra: overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand. But this is only a starting point in trying to understand the rich and varied set of information visualizations that have been proposed in recent years. The paper offers a task by data type taxonomy with seven data types (one, two, three dimensional data, temporal and multi dimensional data, and tree and network data) and seven tasks (overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, and extracts).
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paper_title: Semantic web user interactions: exploring hci challenges

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The purpose of this workshop is to engage interaction researchers and designers in the user interaction challenges posed by the Semantic Web. The workshop will be the fifth workshop in the SWUI series - it has previously been hosted at either the World Wide Web Conference or the International Semantic Web Conference. We have sufficient exemplars of both tools and approaches now that we can demonstrate the concepts of the space to participants and make it very clear why there are design/research challenges for the CHI community. We want to explore current and future CHI research that fits this problem space, and so invite participants exploring many interaction issues.
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Title: IOS Press Approaches to Visualising Linked Data: A Survey

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Provide an overview of the Web of Linked Data, its growth and implications, and the need for effective visualization methods to make sense of large-scale Linked Data.

Section 2: A basic scenario: the LOD Cloud
Description 2: Describe the challenge of visualizing complex, large-scale data using the example of the Linking Open Data (LOD) cloud and various visualization techniques.

Section 3: Challenges to consuming Linked Data
Description 3: Outline the major challenges in visualizing Linked Data, including data density, false links, heterogeneity, and the need for meaningful visualization.

Section 4: Defining end users
Description 4: Discuss the different types of end users of Linked Data (lay-users and tech-users), their varying needs, and requirements for effective data consumption.

Section 5: Why Linked Data Visualization is Important
Description 5: Elaborate on the benefits of visualizing Linked Data to foster insight, enable effective knowledge discovery, and handle complex multi-dimensional data.

Section 6: Design guidelines
Description 6: Present a set of design guidelines and requirements for developing effective visualization tools for Linked Data, addressing user needs and task-specific functionality.

Section 7: Linked Data browsers
Description 7: Review different types of Linked Data browsers, categorizing them into text-based and those with visualisation options, and discuss their features and limitations.

Section 8: Findings
Description 8: Summarize the findings from the review of Linked Data browsers, identify gaps in existing tools, and propose potential improvements and research directions.

Section 9: Discussion & conclusions
Description 9: Provide an overall discussion of the survey findings, emphasizing the importance of visualization in Linked Data consumption and suggesting future research opportunities.