Choreography in the embedded systems domain: A systematic literature review
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paper_title: SOA in reconfigurable supply chains: A research roadmap

paper_content:

Originally coming from the business world, service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm is expanding its range of application into several different environments. Industrial automation is increasingly interested on adopting it as a unifying approach with several advantages over traditional automation. In particular, the paradigm is well indicated to support agile and reconfigurable supply chains due to its dynamic nature. In this domain, the main goals are short time-to-market, fast application (re)configurability, more intelligent devices with lifecycle support, technology openness, seamless IT integration, etc. The current research challenges associated to the application of SOA into reconfigurable supply chains are enumerated and detailed with the aim of providing a roadmap into a major adoption of SOA to support agile reconfigurable supply chains.
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paper_title: VALUE POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES OF SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURES- A USER AND VENDOR PERSPECTIVE

paper_content:

This article summarizes the results of 25 expert interviews, regarding the value potential and challenges of the Service-oriented Architecture (SoA) paradigm for users and software vendors. On the user side, the SoA value potential most often mentioned by experts was agility, followed by process optimization. Cost reduction, through a more efficient development, or consolidation of redundant IS landscapes are also seen as a value potential. In contrast to the literature, reuse of services seems not that significant and is highly debated among the experts. In order to realize the value potentials, users have to overcome certain challenges. Here, the experts mention the financing of the investments, the setting up of a proper governance and the creation of a common understanding of the SoA paradigm as biggest hurdles. For the software vendors, experts mention that SoA-based solutions create new market opportunities as lock-in-effects are lowered and offerings can be easier enhanced by third-party services. Regarding cost, there is potential to harmonize existing product portfolios or integrate acquisitions more easily. Development cost reduction is less evident at the current stage of adoption. It is assumed that lower lock-in effects also lead to increased competition, which could become a major challenge especially for established vendors.
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paper_title: Embedded Software: Facts, Figures, and Future

paper_content:

Due to the complex system context of embedded-software applications, defects can cause life-threatening situations, delays can create huge costs, and insufficient productivity can impact entire economies. Providing better estimates, setting objectives, and identifying critical hot spots in embedded-software engineering requires adequate benchmarking data.
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paper_title: A Technology Roadmap on SOA for smart embedded devices: Towards intelligent systems in manufacturing

paper_content:

Intelligent systems, composed by devices with embedded computing capability, sensors and actuators interacting with the environment, will enhance and support manufacturing in the future. SOCRADES (Service-oriented cross-layer infrastructure for distributed smart embedded devices) is a European research project that focuses on the development of a platform for next-generation industrial intelligent systems, exploiting SOA paradigm. Within SOCRADES a Technology Roadmap is being developed. Its aim is to provide inputs for the orientation of technological research to achieve the long term objectives required for the enhanced and pervasive exploitation of intelligent systems for manufacturing support. We present the Expected Features of Technology Areas (EFTAs) identified within SOCRADES Technology Roadmap. Then we show how the outcome of SOCRADES Technology Roadmap addresses important needs such as those pointed out by the Strategic Research Agenda developed by ARTEMIS (European Technology Platform for Embedded systems).
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paper_title: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) for Market Analysis of FP7 CHOReOS Products

paper_content:

Abstract The European 7 th Framework FP7-ICT-2009-5 project CHOReOS No. 257178 (2010-2013) “Large Scale Choreographies for the Future Internet (IP)” is aimed to elaborate on new methods and tools related to Future Internet ultra-large-scale (ULS) solution development based on the use of choreographies. The purpose of this research is to identify exploitable CHOReOS products and approaches and business market trends that may exploit them. The aim is to collect and assess early market inputs, thereby ensuring that market needs are addressed properly by the CHOReOS project. The market acceptance assessment is done using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), but the credibility of results is assessed using Cronbach's Alpha, Split-Half Reliability and Spearman–Brown testing methods.
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paper_title: Web services orchestration and choreography

paper_content:

Combining Web services to create higher level, cross-organizational business processes requires standards to model the interactions. Several standards are working their way through industry channels and into vendor products.
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paper_title: ∈SOA - Service Oriented Architectures adapted for embedded networks

paper_content:

The development of embedded networks poses several challenges: complexity and size of the network, heterogeneity of nodes, and infrastructure dynamics. From other IT domains it is known that many of these challenges can be met by a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). In the context of embedded networks, an application can be interpreted as a set of interacting services that produce, consume or manipulate data. However, the hard boundary conditions of embedded networks, such as limited resources and real time requirements, have to be taken into account. This paper discusses an embedded SOA (∈SOA) concept based on the definition of an embedded service (∈Service) term and the differences to traditional Web services based SOAs. The paper describes a middleware platform that supports the execution and development of embedded network applications by employing model based code generation and a pattern based service composition model. The advantages of the approach are showcased using an application from the building automation sector, focusing on the energy management of smart buildings.
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paper_title: Service-Oriented Modelling of Automotive Systems

paper_content:

We discuss the suitability of service-oriented computing for the automotive domain. We present a formal high-level language in which complex automotive activities can be modelled in terms of components and services that can either be provided by the on-board system or procured from external providers (e.g. via the web) through a negotiation process that involves quality of service attributes and constraints. The ability to re-configure activities, in real-time, through service discovery and dynamic binding takes us one step further from current component-based development techniques: it enhances flexibility and adaptability to changes that occur in the environment in which the system operates (driver, automobile, and external circumstances) and, ultimately, leads to improved levels of satisfaction, safety and reliability.
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paper_title: Towards an architecture for service-oriented process monitoring and control

paper_content:

The initiative AESOP (ArchitecturE for Service-Oriented Process-Monitoring and — Control) envisions a Service-oriented Architecture approach for monitoring and control of Process Control applications (batch and continuous process). Large process industry systems are a complex (potentially very large) set of (frequently) multi-disciplinary, connected, heterogeneous systems that function as a complex system of which the components are themselves systems. The future “Perfect Plant” will be able to seamlessly collaborate and enable monitoring and control information flow in a cross-layer way. As such the different systems will be part of an SCADA/DCS ecosystem, where components can be dynamically added or removed and dynamic discovery enables the on-demand information combination and collaboration. All current and future systems will be able to share information in a timely and open manner, enabling an enterprise-wide system of systems that will dynamically evolve based on business needs. The SOA-based approach proposed by AESOP can, on one hand, simplify the integration of monitoring and control systems on application layer. On the other hand, the networking technologies that are already known to control engineers could also simplify the inclusion of or migration from existing solutions and integration of the next generation SCADA and DCS systems at network layer.
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paper_title: Enterprise Soa Service Oriented Architecture Best Practices

paper_content:

Thank you for downloading enterprise soa service oriented architecture best practices. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this enterprise soa service oriented architecture best practices, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.
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paper_title: Embedded Systems Dictionary

paper_content:

From the Publisher: ::: This technical dictionary will define all of the most-used words in the embedded systems field - over 2,500 terms. Designed to serve both a technical and non-technical audience, this book defines advanced terms in two steps. The first step is a general, contextual definition that will serve the needs of less technical readers. The second step covers information in language that is appropriate to a serious technical reader. Some terms reference an appendix of white papers of even more detail.
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paper_title: Service-oriented Design: A Multi-viewpoint Approach

paper_content:

As the technology associated to the ?Web Services? trend gains significant adoption, the need for a corresponding design approach becomes increasingly important. This paper introduces a foundational model for designing (composite) services. The innovation of this model lies in the identification of four interrelated viewpoints (interface behaviour, provider behaviour, choreography, and orchestration) and their formalization from a control-flow perspective in terms of Petri nets. By formally capturing the interrelationships between these viewpoints, the proposal enables the static verification of the consistency of composite services designed in a cooperative and incremental manner. A proof-of-concept simulation and verification tool has been developed to test the possibilities of the proposed model.
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paper_title: A systematic literature review of service choreography adaptation

paper_content:

A service choreography is a distributed service composition in which services interact without a centralized control. Adequate adaptation strategies are required to face complex and ever-changing business processes, given the collaborative nature of choreographies. Choreographies should also be able to adapt to changes in its non-functional requirements, such as response time, and especially for large-scale choreographies, adaptation strategies need to be automated and scale well. However, the body of knowledge regarding choreography adaptation approaches has not yet been consolidated and systematically evaluated. By means of a systematic literature review, in which we examined seven scientific paper sources, we identified and analyzed the state-of-the-art in choreography adaptation. We found 24 relevant primary studies and grouped them into six categories: model-based, measurement-based, multi-agent-based, formal method-based, semantic reasoning-based, and proxy layer-based. We analyzed (i) how each strategy deals with different types of requirements, (ii) what their required degree of human intervention is, (iii) how the different studies considered scalability, (iv) what implementations are currently available, and (v) which choreography languages are employed. From the selected studies, we extracted key examples of choreography adaptation usage and analyzed the terminology they adopted with respect to dynamic adaptation. We found out that more attention has been devoted to functional requirements and automated adaptation; only one work performs scalability evaluation; and most studies present some sort of implementation and use a specific choreography notation.
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paper_title: Recommended Steps for Thematic Synthesis in Software Engineering

paper_content:

Thematic analysis is an approach that is often used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) within data in primary qualitative research. 'Thematic synthesis' draws on the principles of thematic analysis and identifies the recurring themes or issues from multiple studies, interprets and explains these themes, and draws conclusions in systematic reviews. This paper conceptualizes the thematic synthesis approach in software engineering as a scientific inquiry involving five steps that parallel those of primary research. The process and outcome associated with each step are described and illustrated with examples from systematic reviews in software engineering.
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paper_title: Recommended Steps for Thematic Synthesis in Software Engineering

paper_content:

Thematic analysis is an approach that is often used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) within data in primary qualitative research. 'Thematic synthesis' draws on the principles of thematic analysis and identifies the recurring themes or issues from multiple studies, interprets and explains these themes, and draws conclusions in systematic reviews. This paper conceptualizes the thematic synthesis approach in software engineering as a scientific inquiry involving five steps that parallel those of primary research. The process and outcome associated with each step are described and illustrated with examples from systematic reviews in software engineering.
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paper_title: A systematic literature review of service choreography adaptation

paper_content:

A service choreography is a distributed service composition in which services interact without a centralized control. Adequate adaptation strategies are required to face complex and ever-changing business processes, given the collaborative nature of choreographies. Choreographies should also be able to adapt to changes in its non-functional requirements, such as response time, and especially for large-scale choreographies, adaptation strategies need to be automated and scale well. However, the body of knowledge regarding choreography adaptation approaches has not yet been consolidated and systematically evaluated. By means of a systematic literature review, in which we examined seven scientific paper sources, we identified and analyzed the state-of-the-art in choreography adaptation. We found 24 relevant primary studies and grouped them into six categories: model-based, measurement-based, multi-agent-based, formal method-based, semantic reasoning-based, and proxy layer-based. We analyzed (i) how each strategy deals with different types of requirements, (ii) what their required degree of human intervention is, (iii) how the different studies considered scalability, (iv) what implementations are currently available, and (v) which choreography languages are employed. From the selected studies, we extracted key examples of choreography adaptation usage and analyzed the terminology they adopted with respect to dynamic adaptation. We found out that more attention has been devoted to functional requirements and automated adaptation; only one work performs scalability evaluation; and most studies present some sort of implementation and use a specific choreography notation.
---
paper_title: A systematic literature review of service choreography adaptation

paper_content:

A service choreography is a distributed service composition in which services interact without a centralized control. Adequate adaptation strategies are required to face complex and ever-changing business processes, given the collaborative nature of choreographies. Choreographies should also be able to adapt to changes in its non-functional requirements, such as response time, and especially for large-scale choreographies, adaptation strategies need to be automated and scale well. However, the body of knowledge regarding choreography adaptation approaches has not yet been consolidated and systematically evaluated. By means of a systematic literature review, in which we examined seven scientific paper sources, we identified and analyzed the state-of-the-art in choreography adaptation. We found 24 relevant primary studies and grouped them into six categories: model-based, measurement-based, multi-agent-based, formal method-based, semantic reasoning-based, and proxy layer-based. We analyzed (i) how each strategy deals with different types of requirements, (ii) what their required degree of human intervention is, (iii) how the different studies considered scalability, (iv) what implementations are currently available, and (v) which choreography languages are employed. From the selected studies, we extracted key examples of choreography adaptation usage and analyzed the terminology they adopted with respect to dynamic adaptation. We found out that more attention has been devoted to functional requirements and automated adaptation; only one work performs scalability evaluation; and most studies present some sort of implementation and use a specific choreography notation.
---
paper_title: A systematic literature review of service choreography adaptation

paper_content:

A service choreography is a distributed service composition in which services interact without a centralized control. Adequate adaptation strategies are required to face complex and ever-changing business processes, given the collaborative nature of choreographies. Choreographies should also be able to adapt to changes in its non-functional requirements, such as response time, and especially for large-scale choreographies, adaptation strategies need to be automated and scale well. However, the body of knowledge regarding choreography adaptation approaches has not yet been consolidated and systematically evaluated. By means of a systematic literature review, in which we examined seven scientific paper sources, we identified and analyzed the state-of-the-art in choreography adaptation. We found 24 relevant primary studies and grouped them into six categories: model-based, measurement-based, multi-agent-based, formal method-based, semantic reasoning-based, and proxy layer-based. We analyzed (i) how each strategy deals with different types of requirements, (ii) what their required degree of human intervention is, (iii) how the different studies considered scalability, (iv) what implementations are currently available, and (v) which choreography languages are employed. From the selected studies, we extracted key examples of choreography adaptation usage and analyzed the terminology they adopted with respect to dynamic adaptation. We found out that more attention has been devoted to functional requirements and automated adaptation; only one work performs scalability evaluation; and most studies present some sort of implementation and use a specific choreography notation.
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paper_title: Trends in Embedded Software Engineering

paper_content:

Software's importance in the development of embedded systems has been growing rapidly over the last 20 years. Because of current embedded systems' complexity, they require sophisticated engineering methods for systematically developing high-quality software. Embedded software development differs from IT system development in several ways. For example, IT systems developers can use standard hardware and software platforms and don't face the resource requirements that embedded systems developers must take into account. To meet embedded software's extrafunctional requirements, embedded systems development is shifting from programming to model-driven development. Another important trend is the emphasis on the quality assurance of safety-related systems.
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paper_title: A systematic literature review of service choreography adaptation

paper_content:

A service choreography is a distributed service composition in which services interact without a centralized control. Adequate adaptation strategies are required to face complex and ever-changing business processes, given the collaborative nature of choreographies. Choreographies should also be able to adapt to changes in its non-functional requirements, such as response time, and especially for large-scale choreographies, adaptation strategies need to be automated and scale well. However, the body of knowledge regarding choreography adaptation approaches has not yet been consolidated and systematically evaluated. By means of a systematic literature review, in which we examined seven scientific paper sources, we identified and analyzed the state-of-the-art in choreography adaptation. We found 24 relevant primary studies and grouped them into six categories: model-based, measurement-based, multi-agent-based, formal method-based, semantic reasoning-based, and proxy layer-based. We analyzed (i) how each strategy deals with different types of requirements, (ii) what their required degree of human intervention is, (iii) how the different studies considered scalability, (iv) what implementations are currently available, and (v) which choreography languages are employed. From the selected studies, we extracted key examples of choreography adaptation usage and analyzed the terminology they adopted with respect to dynamic adaptation. We found out that more attention has been devoted to functional requirements and automated adaptation; only one work performs scalability evaluation; and most studies present some sort of implementation and use a specific choreography notation.
---
paper_title: A systematic literature review of service choreography adaptation

paper_content:

A service choreography is a distributed service composition in which services interact without a centralized control. Adequate adaptation strategies are required to face complex and ever-changing business processes, given the collaborative nature of choreographies. Choreographies should also be able to adapt to changes in its non-functional requirements, such as response time, and especially for large-scale choreographies, adaptation strategies need to be automated and scale well. However, the body of knowledge regarding choreography adaptation approaches has not yet been consolidated and systematically evaluated. By means of a systematic literature review, in which we examined seven scientific paper sources, we identified and analyzed the state-of-the-art in choreography adaptation. We found 24 relevant primary studies and grouped them into six categories: model-based, measurement-based, multi-agent-based, formal method-based, semantic reasoning-based, and proxy layer-based. We analyzed (i) how each strategy deals with different types of requirements, (ii) what their required degree of human intervention is, (iii) how the different studies considered scalability, (iv) what implementations are currently available, and (v) which choreography languages are employed. From the selected studies, we extracted key examples of choreography adaptation usage and analyzed the terminology they adopted with respect to dynamic adaptation. We found out that more attention has been devoted to functional requirements and automated adaptation; only one work performs scalability evaluation; and most studies present some sort of implementation and use a specific choreography notation.
---
paper_title: A Technology Roadmap on SOA for smart embedded devices: Towards intelligent systems in manufacturing

paper_content:

Intelligent systems, composed by devices with embedded computing capability, sensors and actuators interacting with the environment, will enhance and support manufacturing in the future. SOCRADES (Service-oriented cross-layer infrastructure for distributed smart embedded devices) is a European research project that focuses on the development of a platform for next-generation industrial intelligent systems, exploiting SOA paradigm. Within SOCRADES a Technology Roadmap is being developed. Its aim is to provide inputs for the orientation of technological research to achieve the long term objectives required for the enhanced and pervasive exploitation of intelligent systems for manufacturing support. We present the Expected Features of Technology Areas (EFTAs) identified within SOCRADES Technology Roadmap. Then we show how the outcome of SOCRADES Technology Roadmap addresses important needs such as those pointed out by the Strategic Research Agenda developed by ARTEMIS (European Technology Platform for Embedded systems).
---
paper_title: ∈SOA - Service Oriented Architectures adapted for embedded networks

paper_content:

The development of embedded networks poses several challenges: complexity and size of the network, heterogeneity of nodes, and infrastructure dynamics. From other IT domains it is known that many of these challenges can be met by a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). In the context of embedded networks, an application can be interpreted as a set of interacting services that produce, consume or manipulate data. However, the hard boundary conditions of embedded networks, such as limited resources and real time requirements, have to be taken into account. This paper discusses an embedded SOA (∈SOA) concept based on the definition of an embedded service (∈Service) term and the differences to traditional Web services based SOAs. The paper describes a middleware platform that supports the execution and development of embedded network applications by employing model based code generation and a pattern based service composition model. The advantages of the approach are showcased using an application from the building automation sector, focusing on the energy management of smart buildings.
---
paper_title: Writing for synthesis of evidence in empirical software engineering

paper_content:

Context: Systematic literature reviews have become common in software engineering in the last decade, but challenges remain. Goal: Given the challenges, the objective is to describe improvement areas in writing primary studies, and hence provide a good basis for researchers aiming at synthesizing research evidence in a specific area. Method: The results presented are based on a literature review with respect to synthesis of research results in software engineering with a particular focus on empirical software engineering. The literature review is complemented and exemplified with experiences from conducting systematic literature reviews and working with research methodologies in empirical software engineering. Results: The paper presents three areas where improvements are needed to become more successful in synthesizing empirical evidence. These three areas are: terminology, paper content and reviewing. Conclusion: It is concluded that it must be possible to improve the primary studies, but it requires that researchers start having synthesis in mind when writing their research papers.
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paper_title: Worldviews, Research Methods, and their Relationship to Validity in Empirical Software Engineering Research

paper_content:

Background - Validity threats should be considered and consistently reported to judge the value of an empirical software engineering research study. The relevance of specific threats for a particular research study depends on the worldview or philosophical worldview of the researchers of the study. Problem/Gap - In software engineering, different categorizations exist, which leads to inconsistent reporting and consideration of threats. Contribution - In this paper, we relate different worldviews to software engineering research methods, identify generic categories for validity threats, and provide a categorization of validity threats with respect to their relevance for different world views. Thereafter, we provide a checklist aiding researchers in identifying relevant threats. Method - Different threat categorizations and threats have been identified in literature, and are reflected on in relation to software engineering research. Results - Software engineering is dominated by the pragmatist worldviews, and therefore use multiple methods in research. Maxwell's categorization of validity threats has been chosen as very suitable for reporting validity threats in software engineering research. Conclusion - We recommend to follow a checklist approach, and reporting first the philosophical worldview of the researcher when doing the research, the research methods and all threats relevant, including open, reduced, and mitigated threats.
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paper_title: Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update

paper_content:

Abstract Context Systematic mapping studies are used to structure a research area, while systematic reviews are focused on gathering and synthesizing evidence. The most recent guidelines for systematic mapping are from 2008. Since that time, many suggestions have been made of how to improve systematic literature reviews (SLRs). There is a need to evaluate how researchers conduct the process of systematic mapping and identify how the guidelines should be updated based on the lessons learned from the existing systematic maps and SLR guidelines. Objective To identify how the systematic mapping process is conducted (including search, study selection, analysis and presentation of data, etc.); to identify improvement potentials in conducting the systematic mapping process and updating the guidelines accordingly. Method We conducted a systematic mapping study of systematic maps, considering some practices of systematic review guidelines as well (in particular in relation to defining the search and to conduct a quality assessment). Results In a large number of studies multiple guidelines are used and combined, which leads to different ways in conducting mapping studies. The reason for combining guidelines was that they differed in the recommendations given. Conclusion The most frequently followed guidelines are not sufficient alone. Hence, there was a need to provide an update of how to conduct systematic mapping studies. New guidelines have been proposed consolidating existing findings.
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paper_title: A systematic literature review of service choreography adaptation

paper_content:

A service choreography is a distributed service composition in which services interact without a centralized control. Adequate adaptation strategies are required to face complex and ever-changing business processes, given the collaborative nature of choreographies. Choreographies should also be able to adapt to changes in its non-functional requirements, such as response time, and especially for large-scale choreographies, adaptation strategies need to be automated and scale well. However, the body of knowledge regarding choreography adaptation approaches has not yet been consolidated and systematically evaluated. By means of a systematic literature review, in which we examined seven scientific paper sources, we identified and analyzed the state-of-the-art in choreography adaptation. We found 24 relevant primary studies and grouped them into six categories: model-based, measurement-based, multi-agent-based, formal method-based, semantic reasoning-based, and proxy layer-based. We analyzed (i) how each strategy deals with different types of requirements, (ii) what their required degree of human intervention is, (iii) how the different studies considered scalability, (iv) what implementations are currently available, and (v) which choreography languages are employed. From the selected studies, we extracted key examples of choreography adaptation usage and analyzed the terminology they adopted with respect to dynamic adaptation. We found out that more attention has been devoted to functional requirements and automated adaptation; only one work performs scalability evaluation; and most studies present some sort of implementation and use a specific choreography notation.
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Title: Choreography in the Embedded Systems Domain: A Systematic Literature Review

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Introduce the growing use of embedded systems, the challenges they face, and the role of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and choreography in addressing these challenges. State the study's objective and its relevance to practitioners and researchers.

Section 2: Research Method
Description 2: Describe the systematic literature review guidelines followed, including planning, conducting, and analysis phases.

Section 3: Planning Phase
Description 3: Explain the decisions made during the planning phase, such as specifying research questions, selecting publication sources, keywords, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and quality assessment procedures.

Section 4: Conducting Phase
Description 4: Detail the steps taken during the conducting phase, including literature search, screening, and selection of studies.

Section 5: Analysis Phase
Description 5: Outline the thematic synthesis approach and the analysis tool used for characterizing choreography adaption. Explain data extraction, coding, theme derivation, model development, and assessment of trustworthiness.

Section 6: Results
Description 6: Present the derived themes that answer the research questions, including current developments, choreography adaption, utilization types of choreography specifications in ES, run-time realization, and implicit assumptions.

Section 7: Choreography Adaption Analysis Tool
Description 7: Describe the analytical tool developed by Leite et al. for analyzing choreography adaption strategies and aspects.

Section 8: Current Developments in Studies Focusing on Choreography in ES
Description 8: Analyze bibliographic data, characteristics of reported research, and categorize research projects, industry branches, choreography context, study motivation, tools, study impact, and future trends.

Section 9: Utilization Types of Choreography Specification in ES Development
Description 9: Describe the different types of choreography specifications (descriptive, parsed, and executable) and their use in different stages of the ES development process.

Section 10: Realization Types of Choreography Specification in the ES Domain
Description 10: Present the identified types of choreography realization during system execution: participant-driven, deployed, and piggybacked.

Section 11: Implicit Assumptions for Choreography Use in the ES Domain
Description 11: Discuss the implicit assumptions regarding participant autonomy and network stability and their interpretation in the ES domain.

Section 12: Study Findings
Description 12: Summarize the research-oriented and practice-oriented findings derived from the analysis, including choreography as a pervasive specification, languages for choreography modeling, adaption strategies, empirical studies, synthesis, participants in ES development, performance improvements, and technological heterogeneity.

Section 13: Threats to Validity
Description 13: Address descriptive, theoretical, and conclusion validity, generalizability, repeatability, and positive publication bias to ensure the validity of the study.

Section 14: Conclusion
Description 14: Summarize the objective of the study, the methodological approach taken, and the key insights derived. Highlight the implications for both research and practice in the ES domain.