A Literature Survey on Enhancement of Low-Quality Fingerprint Images
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paper_title: A Frequency-based Approach for Features Fusion in Fingerprint and Iris Multimodal Biometric Identification Systems

paper_content:

The basic aim of a biometric identification system is to discriminate automatically between subjects in a reliable and dependable way, according to a specific-target application. Multimodal biometric identification systems aim to fuse two or more physical or behavioral traits to provide optimal False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR), thus improving system accuracy and dependability. In this paper, an innovative multimodal biometric identification system based on iris and fingerprint traits is proposed. The paper is a state-of-the-art advancement of multibiometrics, offering an innovative perspective on features fusion. In greater detail, a frequency-based approach results in a homogeneous biometric vector, integrating iris and fingerprint data. Successively, a hamming-distance-based matching algorithm deals with the unified homogenous biometric vector. The proposed multimodal system achieves interesting results with several commonly used databases. For example, we have obtained an interesting working point with FAR = 0% and FRR = 5.71% using the entire fingerprint verification competition (FVC) 2002 DB2B database and a randomly extracted same-size subset of the BATH database. At the same time, considering the BATH database and the FVC2002 DB2A database, we have obtained a further interesting working point with FAR = 0% and FRR = 7.28% ÷ 9.7%.
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paper_title: Biometrics: a tool for information security

paper_content:

Establishing identity is becoming critical in our vastly interconnected society. Questions such as "Is she really who she claims to be?," "Is this person authorized to use this facility?," or "Is he in the watchlist posted by the government?" are routinely being posed in a variety of scenarios ranging from issuing a driver's license to gaining entry into a country. The need for reliable user authentication techniques has increased in the wake of heightened concerns about security and rapid advancements in networking, communication, and mobility. Biometrics, described as the science of recognizing an individual based on his or her physical or behavioral traits, is beginning to gain acceptance as a legitimate method for determining an individual's identity. Biometric systems have now been deployed in various commercial, civilian, and forensic applications as a means of establishing identity. In this paper, we provide an overview of biometrics and discuss some of the salient research issues that need to be addressed for making biometric technology an effective tool for providing information security. The primary contribution of this overview includes: 1) examining applications where biometric scan solve issues pertaining to information security; 2) enumerating the fundamental challenges encountered by biometric systems in real-world applications; and 3) discussing solutions to address the problems of scalability and security in large-scale authentication systems.
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Title: A Literature Survey on Enhancement of Low-Quality Fingerprint Images

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Introduce the concepts of biometric systems, fingerprint recognition, and the need for fingerprint enhancement techniques due to varying image quality.

Section 2: Unsharp Masking Using Quadratic Filter
Description 2: Discuss the design and implementation of a quadratic edge detection filter for enhancing fingerprints in noisy backgrounds, specifically focusing on forensic applications.

Section 3: Two-Stage Enhancement Scheme
Description 3: Explain the two-stage enhancement approach, involving spatial ridge-compensation filtering and frequency bandpass filtering, aimed at improving local ridge contrast.

Section 4: A Medium Resolution Fingerprint Matching System
Description 4: Describe the minutiae-based fingerprint matching system suitable for medium-resolution images, including thinning algorithms, core point detection, minutiae extraction, representation, and matching algorithms.

Section 5: Conclusion
Description 5: Summarize the enhancements mentioned in the paper with a brief discussion on the effectiveness and applications of the three methods.