Panel surveys go mobile
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paper_title: The Web Questionnaire Challenge to Survey Methodologists

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This disclosure is directed to a photovoltaic detector having specific response to the infrared range, wherein the detector comprises a metal-semiconductor diode having a semi-transparent electrode and disposed on a specially prepared substrate of a narrow band gap semiconductor material or on an epitaxial layer or evaporated film of such material provided on a substrate. In a specific example, the narrow band gap semiconductor material of the substrate is specially prepared (Pb,Sn)Te or an epitaxial layer or evaporated film of (Pb,Sn)Te on a (Pb,Sn)Te substrate. The detected radiation is transmitted through the semi-transparent electrode on top of the photovoltaic detector.
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paper_title: Mail and internet surveys : the tailored design method

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Preface to the 2007 Update.Preface to the Second Edition.Acknowledgments.Part One: ELEMENTS OF THE TAILORED DESIGN METHOD.1 Introduction to Tailored Design.2 Writing Questions.3 Constructing the Questionnaire.4 Survey Implementation.5 Reduction of Coverage and Sampling Errors.Part Two: TAILORING TO THE SURVEY SITUATION.6 Mixed-Mode Surveys.7 Alternative Questionnaire Delivery: In Person, to Groups, and through Publications.8 When Timing Is Critical: Diary, Customer Satisfaction, and Election Forecast Surveys.9 Household and Individual Person Surveys by Government.10 Surveys of Businesses and Other Organizations.11 Internet and Interactive Voice Response Surveys.12 Optical Scanning and Imaging, and the Future of Self-Administered Surveys.References.2007 Appendix: Recent Developments in the Design of Web, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys.Appendix References.Index.
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paper_title: Adoption of 3G+ services in Finland

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Cost-related issues and limitations of the current technology are important thresholds of 3G+ services. Privacy and security are not critical. Benefits are enhanced communication features, flexibility with respect to the user's location and the time of day, and convenience and handiness of small, wireless mobile devices.
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paper_title: Pervasive Computing: Technology and Architecture of Mobile Internet Applications

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Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. About the Authors. Trademarks. I. TECHNOLOGIES. 1. Past, Present, Future. 2. Application Examples. 3. Device Technology. 5. Web Application Concepts. 6. WAP and Beyond. 7. Voice Technology. 8. Personal Digital Assistants. II. ARCHITECTURES. 9. Server-side Programming in Java. 10. Pervasive Web Application Architecture. 11.Example Application. 12. Access from PCs. 13. Access via WAP. 14. Access from Personal Digital Assistants. 15. Access via voice 379. .
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paper_title: Data Mining Techniques on the Evaluation of Wireless Churn

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This work focuses on one of the most critical issues to plague the wireless telecommunications industry today: the loss of a valuable subscriber to a competitor, also defined as churn. Analytical methods and models intrinsic to decision technology and machine learning are here evaluated, in an effort to provide the necessary intelligence to identify and understand troublesome customers in order to act upon them before they churn. Making use of a large real-world database, a thorough analysis is performed. First, due attention is given to data representation, with input selection methods being employed in the search of the most relevant attributes. Then, the predictive and explanatory power of four families of models is compared: neural networks, decision trees, genetic algorithms and neuro-fuzzy systems. To conclude, light is shed upon the possible savings and profits resulting from the application of the developed methodology in the retention strategies of wireless carriers.
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paper_title: Sampling for Internet Surveys. An Examination of Respondent Selection for Internet Research

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The traditional methods of probability and non-probability sample selection are applicable to Internet surveys and respondents can be selected in various ways, some of which are unique to the Internet. Specific to the Internet, and important to note from a sampling viewpoint, is the self-completion method of data collection. For this article the method has been sub-divided into six categories, three web-page style questionnaires and three e-mail style questionnaires. Data that show the number of individuals with access to a networked computer are of limited use in sampling. Thirteen types of computer user are identifiable, each of which poses a challenge for sampling. Published examples illustrate how these principles have been applied in practice. Two techniques: saturation surveying and sifting, may be employed usefully in some situations. There are numerous solutions to sampling problems for Internet research and many avenues for further inquiry.
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paper_title: Data mining for the enterprise

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The emergence of comprehensive data warehouses which integrate operational data with customer, supplier and market data have resulted in an explosion of information. Competition requires timely and sophisticated analysis on an integrated view of that data. However, there has been a growing gap between more powerful data warehousing systems and the users' ability to effectively analyze and act on the information they contain. Data mining tools and services are providing the leap necessary to close this gap. Data mining offers automated discovery of previously unknown patterns as well as automated prediction of trends and behaviors; its technologies are complimentary to existing decision support tools and provide the business analyst and marketing professional with a new way of analyzing the business. After a general introduction of the knowledge discovery lifecycle and the data mining lifecycle, this article examines the data mining issues and requirements within an enterprise. A comprehensive architectural overview proposes data mining integration solutions for data warehouses, application servers, thick clients, and thin clients. This article concludes with an analysis of current trends relevant to enterprise usage of data mining tools and methodologies.
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paper_title: An Experimental Comparison of Web and Telephone Surveys

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We carried out an experiment that compared telephone and Web versions of a questionnaire that assessed attitudes toward sci- ence and knowledge of basic scientific facts. Members of a random digit dial (RDD) sample were initially contacted by telephone and answered a few screening questions, including one that asked whether they had Internet access. Those with Intern et access were randomly assigned to complete either a Web version of the questionnaire or a computer- assisted telephone interview. Ther e were four main findings. First, although we offered cases assigned to the Web survey a larger incen- tive, fewer of them completed the online questionnaire; almost all those who were assigned to the telephone condition completed the interview. The two samples of Web users nonetheless had similar demographic characteristics. Second, the Web surv ey produced less item nonresponse than the telephone survey. The Web questionnaire prompted respon- dents when they left an item blank, whereas the telephone interviewers accepted "no opinion" answers without probing them. Third, Web respondents gave less differentiated an swers to batteries of attitude items than their telephone counterparts . The Web questionnaire presented these items in a grid that may have made their similarity more salient.
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paper_title: Experiments with incentives in telephone surveys

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In an effort to counter the problem of noncooperation, survey organizations are offering incentives to respondents with increasing frequency, some at the outset of the survey, as has traditionally been done in mail surveys, and some only after the person has refused, in an attempt to convert the refusal. This article reports on a series of experiments carried out over a period of about 2 years with a monthly telephone survey, the Survey of Consumer Attitudes, in an effort to increase response rates or reduce interviewer effort. We report on experiments with prepaid versus promised incentives; advance letters; and advance letters with prepaid incentives; and we also report on the effects of incentives on response quality, sample composition, response bias, interviewer and respondent expectations, and costs
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paper_title: The Design and Administration of Mail Surveys

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For reasons of cost and ease of implementation, mail surveys are more frequently used for social research than are either telephone or face-to-face interviews. In this chapter, the last two decades of research aimed at improving mail survey methods are examined. Discussion of this research is organized around progress made in overcoming four important sources of error: sampling , noncoverage, measurement, and nonresponse. Progress has been especially great in improving response rates as a means of reducing nonresponse error. Significant progress has also been made in finding means of overcoming measurement error. Because mail surveys generally present few, if any, special sampling error problems, little research in this area has been conducted. The lack of research on noncoverage issues is a major deficiency in research to date , and noncoverage error presents the most significant impediment to the increased use of mail surveys. The 1990s are likely to see increased research on mail surveys, as efforts ar...
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paper_title: A comparison of online and postal data collection methods in marketing research

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The widespread acceptance of the use of online techniques in market research necessitates appreciation of the relative advantages and disadvantages of these techniques over more traditional research methods. This paper reports on a study which directly compares online and postal data collection methods using the same survey instrument on two samples drawn from the same population of football club subscribers. The results confirm that the online and postal respondents are demographically different. Online data collection is shown to be less expensive per respondent and that data collection is faster, however, an overall lower response level is achieved relative to the postal data collection method. Of greater importance, though, are the findings that respondents seem to answer questions differently online than they do via postal methods. The conclusion here is that online data collection should not be treated as a direct substitute for postal data collection in every instance.
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paper_title: Evaluating the technological characteristics and trust affecting mobile device usage

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The Technology Acceptance Model was extended to explain the acceptance of mobile devices. The technological characteristics of mobile devices and trust were hypothesised as predictors of mobile device usage. The study of 212 mobile users indicate that device service reliability does influence perceived trust, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness, while device interface quality only predicts perceived trust and perceived ease of use. The findings suggest that trust and mobile device characteristics play essential roles in the acceptance of mobile device usage, and need to be incorporated into the design of future mobile commerce applications.
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paper_title: A Meta-Analysis of Response Rates in Web- or Internet-Based Surveys

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Response representativeness is more important than response rate in survey research. However, response rate is important if it bears on representativeness. The present meta-analysis explores factors associated with higher response rates in electronic surveys reported in both published and unpublished research. The number of contacts, personalized contacts, and precontacts are the factors most associated with higher response rates in the Web studies that are analyzed.
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paper_title: Exploring the impact of handset upgrades on mobile content and service usage

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The majority of handset sales in developed mobile markets has shifted from first time purchases to upgrades, with handset manufacturers, network operators and content and service providers appealing to consumers with increasingly advanced offerings in the hope of generating increased usage of, and revenues from, next generation services. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the relationship between mobile usage and handset upgrades. This paper provides the first empirical results in this area, showing that pre-existing usage habits play a far more important role in post-upgrade usage behaviours than upgrade motivations or the incremental technical capabilities of the new handset.
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paper_title: Comparative Response to a Survey Executed by Post, E‐mail, & Web Form

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Recent developments in communication technologies have created alternative survey methods through e-mail and Web sites. Both methods use electronic text communication, require fewer resources, and provide faster responses than traditional paper and pencil methods. However, new survey methodologies also generate problems involving sampling, response consistency and participant motivation. Empirical studies need to be done to address these issues as researchers implement electronic survey methods. ::: ::: ::: ::: In this study we conduct an analysis of the characteristics of three survey response modes: post, e-mail, and Web site. Data are from a survey of the National Association of Science Writers (NASW), in which science writers' professional use of e-mail and the Web is evaluated. ::: ::: ::: ::: Our analysis offers two lessons. First, a caution. We detect a number of potentially important differences in the response characteristics of these three groups. Researchers using multi-mode survey techniques should keep in mind that subtle effects might be at play in their analyses. Second, an encouragement. We do not observe significant influences of survey mode in our substantive analyses. We feel, at least in this case, that the differences detected in the response groups indicate that using multi-mode survey techniques improved the representativeness of the sample without biasing other results.
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paper_title: Rfid Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification

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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is used in all areas of automatic data capture allowing contactless identification of objects using RF. With applications ranging from secure internet payment systems to industrial automation and access control, RFID technology solutions are receiving much attention in the research and development departments of large corporations. RFID is a major growth are in auto ID, allowing emergency vehicles to safely trip traffic signals, and providing the technology behind contactless smart cards, "autopiloting" cars, and production automation. Fully revised and updated to include all the latest information on industry standards and applications, this new edition provides a standard reference for people working with RFID technology.Expanded sections explain exactly how RFID systems work, and provide up-to-date information on the development of new tags such as the smart label. This book provides updated coverage of RFID technologies, including electron data carrier architecture and common algorithms for anticollision. It details the latest RFID applications, such as the smartlabel, e-commerce and the electronic purse, document tracking and e-ticketing. It includes a detailed appendix providing up-to-date information on relevant ISO standards and regulations, including descriptions of ISO 14443 for contactless ticketing and ISO 15693 covering the smartlabel.A leading-edge reference for this rapidly evolving technology, this text is of interest to practitioners in auto ID and IT designing RFID products and end-users of RFID technology, computer and electronics engineers in security system development and microchip designers, automation, industrial and transport engineers and materials handling specialists. It is also a valuable resource for graduate level students in electronics and industrial engineering design.
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paper_title: Predicting consumer acceptance in mobile services: empirical evidence from an experimental end user environment

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This paper studies consumer acceptance of mobile services. The theoretical framework of the study is based on extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The empirical part of the study was conducted in an experimental mobile service environment, SmartRotuaari, which was developed in the University of Oulu's Rotuaari research project. SmartRotuaari is operational at the city centre of Oulu in Northern Finland. Our results show that usefulness, user guidance and support, and user skills are significant factors in explaining the acceptance of mobile services. We also found that usefulness and user-satisfaction are significant predictors of the willingness to recommend the services to others.
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Title: Panel surveys go mobile

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Write about the relevance and advantages of the internet for data collection, the rise of mobile phones, and the convergence of web-based and mobile services for empirical social research.

Section 2: Panel surveys
Description 2: Describe the concept of panel surveys, their advantages over other survey designs, and the various factors impacting their quality.

Section 3: Mobile surveys
Description 3: Discuss the usage of mobile devices for data collection, different ways mobile phones can be used in market research, and compare mobile surveys with internet surveys.

Section 4: Towards a mobile panel: combining mobility and panel surveys
Description 4: Explain how embedding questionnaires in mobile devices can improve panel surveys, the benefits of mobile panels, and the handling of mobile panel administration and maintenance.

Section 5: Use case and managerial implications of a future mobile panel scenario
Description 5: Illustrate a mobile panel scenario with the roles of different actors, the core processes involved, and the managerial implications.

Section 6: Conclusion
Description 6: Summarize the potential of mobile panels for market research, the benefits and challenges, and suggest areas for future research and development.
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The outline: