Carrier Ethernet OAM: An Overview and Comparison to IP OAM
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paper_title: Issues and approaches on extending Ethernet beyond LANs

paper_content:

Currently, LAN technology is predominantly Ethernet-based and offers packet-optimized switched technology. With more than 90 percent of Internet traffic originating from Ethernet-based LANs, efforts are underway to extend Ethernet beyond LANs into MANs and further into WANs. However, native Ethernet protocols need extensions or support from other technologies in order to succeed as MAN technology in terms of scalability, QoS, resiliency, OAM, and so on. The two emerging trends to carry Ethernet traffic across the MAN can be classified into native Ethernet (IEEE) protocol extensions, and encapsulation by another transportation technology such as MPLS networks. The goal is to offer new and challenging services such as virtual private LAN service, also known as transparent LAN service (TLS). This article presents a comprehensive overview of the required extensions/support of the Ethernet with an emphasis on the emerging provider bridge technology.
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paper_title: Pseudowire VCCV - BFD Vs Ethernet OAM

paper_content:

A PSN tunnel comprises of multiple pseudowires. Each pseudowire is diagnosed using virtual circuit connectivity verification mechanism. VCCV uses different connectivity verification mechanisms (ICMP Ping, LSP Ping, BFD, and ethernet OAM) to detect the fault on a pseudowire. Faster failure detection of a pseudowire can be achieved by using 'BFD' CV type, as it is a light weight hello protocol which can detect the path failure with in sub seconds. On the other hand Ethernet is fast emerging as a carrier grade PSN technology especially for metro networks. To monitor carrier grade Ethernet, apart from failure detection there is a need for other OAM functionalities like performance monitoring, remote maintenance, diagnostics etc. This can be achieved by using CV type as 'Ethernet OAM'. This paper primarily focuses on analyzing the capabilities of BFD and Ethernet OAM as VCCV connectivity verification mechanism and concludes the relevant applicability.
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paper_title: Autonomous client discovery in backbone edge bridges for multipoint PBB-TE networks

paper_content:

This paper discuss how to complement provider backbone bridge - traffic engineering (PBB-TE) networks with multipoint connections to implement a deterministic and simple-to-use multipoint network. We propose the learning and multicasting mechanisms for unknown destination and source addresses of clients, while the connection-oriented property or determinism of PBB-TE networks is maintained. Predetermined Ethernet switched paths created by the B-components of IB type BEBs (IB-BEBs) are only used for delivering multicast frames to other IB-BEBs in the multipoint PBB-TE networks. The ingress I-components of IB-BEBs take charge of learning and multicasting for unknown destination client addresses. The egress I-components of IB-BEBs take charge of learning and multicasting for unknown source client addresses. Since provider instance ports (PIPs) of the I-component are internally connected with customer backbone ports (CBPs) of the B-component, the frames of unknown destination address flooded at PIPs are encapsulated by B-TAG in the B-component and deliver to other IB-BEBs through predetermined Ethernet switched paths (ESPs).
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paper_title: A survey of advanced ethernet forwarding approaches

paper_content:

The higher transmission rates currently supported by Ethernet lead to the possibility of expanding Ethernet beyond the local area network scope, bringing it into the core of large scale networks, of which a metropolitan area network (MAN) is a significant example. However, originally Ethernet was not devised to scale in such environments: its design does not contemplate essential requirements of larger and more complex networks, such as the need for resilience, scalability, or even integrated control features. Furthermore, its spanning-tree based forwarding results in slow convergence and weak resource efficiency. Specifically focusing on Ethernet's forwarding behaviour, this survey covers solutions that enhance the Ethernet's path computation, allowing it to scale in larger, more complex environments. General notions concerning the application of Ethernet in Metro areas are also provided, as a specific example of Ethernet's application in large scale networks.
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paper_title: Autonomous client discovery in backbone edge bridges for multipoint PBB-TE networks

paper_content:

This paper discuss how to complement provider backbone bridge - traffic engineering (PBB-TE) networks with multipoint connections to implement a deterministic and simple-to-use multipoint network. We propose the learning and multicasting mechanisms for unknown destination and source addresses of clients, while the connection-oriented property or determinism of PBB-TE networks is maintained. Predetermined Ethernet switched paths created by the B-components of IB type BEBs (IB-BEBs) are only used for delivering multicast frames to other IB-BEBs in the multipoint PBB-TE networks. The ingress I-components of IB-BEBs take charge of learning and multicasting for unknown destination client addresses. The egress I-components of IB-BEBs take charge of learning and multicasting for unknown source client addresses. Since provider instance ports (PIPs) of the I-component are internally connected with customer backbone ports (CBPs) of the B-component, the frames of unknown destination address flooded at PIPs are encapsulated by B-TAG in the B-component and deliver to other IB-BEBs through predetermined Ethernet switched paths (ESPs).
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Title: Carrier Ethernet OAM: An Overview and Comparison to IP OAM

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: In this section, introduce Carrier Ethernet and its evolution for use in larger networks. Discuss the requirement for end-to-end management and introduce the OAM protocols standardized by IEEE and ITU-T. Also, pose the research questions that guide the study.

Section 2: Related Work
Description 2: Summarize previous studies and works related to the use of Ethernet OAM in larger networks, highlighting the need for advanced fault detection and management, the evolution of Ethernet standards, and comparisons to IP-based management techniques.

Section 3: Ethernet OAM
Description 3: Provide a detailed overview of the Ethernet OAM management techniques, including Continuity Check, Loopback, Link Trace, Alarm Indication Signal, Loss Measurement, and Delay Measurement. Describe how these techniques function and their significance in network management.

Section 4: Comparison to an IP-Based Approach
Description 4: Compare Ethernet OAM techniques to IP OAM protocols such as Ping, Traceroute, and SNMP. Discuss the similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages of using IP-based approaches for managing Carrier Ethernet networks.

Section 5: Deployment Scenario
Description 5: Define a typical deployment scenario for Carrier Ethernet and analyze the feasibility of using IP-based protocols within this context. Discuss the practical implications, limitations, and requirements for using IP-based management techniques in real-world Carrier Ethernet networks.

Section 6: Conclusions
Description 6: Summarize the key findings of the paper, providing concise answers to the posed research questions. Discuss the limitations of IP-based approaches in managing Carrier Ethernet networks and suggest potential areas for future research.