Integrated analytic hierarchy process and its applications - A literature review
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paper_title: Multicriteria Group Decision-making Model for Environmental Conflict Analysis in the Cape Region , Mexico

paper_content:

This paper is concerned with developing a model for group decision making under multiple criteria. The multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM)problem involves a set of feasible land use patterns that are evaluated on the basis of multiple, conflicting and noncommensurate criteria by a group of individuals. The model integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and an integer mathematical programming method. The former provides a tool for structuring the decision problem and determining land suitability for different socio-economicactivities (the uses of land), the latter is used to identify the land use pattern that maximizes consensus among interest groups. The model is used to analyze environmental conflict over land resource allocation in the Cape Region of Mexico.
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paper_title: An integrated approach for supplier selection

paper_content:

Competitive international business environment has forced many firms to focus on supply chain management to cope with highly increasing competition. Hence, supplier selection process has gained importance recently, since most of the firms have been spending considerable amount of their revenues on purchasing. The supplier selection problem involves conflicting multiple criteria that are tangible and intangible. Hence, the purpose of this study is to propose an integrated model for supplier selection. In order to achieve this purpose, supplier selection problem has been structured as an integrated lexicographic goal programming (LGP) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model including both quantitative and qualitative conflicting factors. The application process has been accomplished in a food company established in Istanbul, Turkey. In this study, the model building, solution and application processes of the proposed integrated model for supplier selection have been presented.
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paper_title: Material handling device selection in cellular manufacturing

paper_content:

This paper presents a new multi-criteria decision model for the material handling device (MHD) selection problem in cellular manufacturing systems. Given a set of manufacturing cells based on several automatic work-centres, the technique makes it possible to select a particular MHD for each cell in an integrated way, with different constraints being taken into consideration. The approach is based on two different multi-attribute analyses executed with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology, and a final integer linear programming including important limitations faced by the designer when making MHD investment decisions. An example using real data is provided to illustrate this methodology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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paper_title: Outsourcing capacity planning for an an IC design house

paper_content:

The management of outsourcing capacity is one of the key issues for IC design houses. There are two fundamental problems in outsourcing capacity management; they are the estimation of net capacity and the allocation of capacity. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework of outsourcing capacity planning (OCP) for an IC design house to solve these two problems. The framework of OCP contains three parts: Net IC Product Demand Planning, Net Capacity Demand Planning, and Booking Capacity Planning. Linear Programming (LP) is employed to generate a net IC demand plan. A transformation process that transforms net IC product demand into net capacity demand is applied to obtain the net capacity demand plan. Finally, we use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to combine the factors, which an IC design house considers for outsourcing, into a Utility Index (U.I.). We then employ U.I. to develop a heuristic method to deal with the booking capacity planning problem. The result of OCP yields a better performance than that of the practice approach. In addition, OCP provides a decision procedure to assist IC design houses in monitoring the performance of each subcontractor.
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paper_title: The analytic hierarchy process and multiobjective 0-1 faculty course assignment

paper_content:

Abstract This paper gives a general model for the faculty course assignment problem that is a zero–one nonlinear multiobjective programming problem. Because of the nonconvexity of the problem, simple weighting scalarization does not guarantee finding all Pareto-optimal solutions. Therefore, a newly developed three step process consisting of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, scalarization and the subgradient method is provided to deal with the problem. This approach is used to solve a nonconvex multiobjective faculty course assignment problem for the first time. A real life application is included.
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paper_title: The Analytic Hierarchy Process

paper_content:

This chapter provides an overview of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is a systematic procedure for representing the elements of any problem hierarchically. It organizes the basic rationality by breaking down a problem into its smaller constituent parts and then guides decision makers through a series of pair-wise comparison judgments to express the relative strength or intensity of impact of the elements in the hierarchy. These judgments are then translated to numbers. The AHP includes procedures and principles used to synthesize the many judgments to derive priorities among criteria and subsequently for alternative solutions. It is useful to note that the numbers thus obtained are ratio scale estimates and correspond to so-called hard numbers. Problem solving is a process of setting priorities in steps. One step decides on the most important elements of a problem, another on how best to repair, replace, test, and evaluate the elements, and another on how to implement the solution and measure performance.
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paper_title: Evaluation of sub-component alternatives in product design processes

paper_content:

Abstract In this paper, a sub-component selection methodology for product design is described. The described technique incorporates the analytic hierarchy process and linear goal programming into the process of evaluating alternatives for sub-components and parts, which enables the design of products by satisfying customer, technical, and financial requirements. Also, an additional comparison technique for comparing sub-component alternatives is developed, called “scoring matrix”. In this technique, pair-wise comparisons are performed within one matrix for all possible criteria to measure the strength of one-to-one relationship between sub-component alternatives. This technique is more appropriate than traditional analytical hierarchy process in addressing problems such as the comparison of sub-component alternatives. An illustrative example demonstrates the application of our methodology to the design of a computer system.
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paper_title: Analytic hierarchy process: An overview of applications

paper_content:

Abstract This article presents a literature review of the applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is a multiple criteria decision-making tool that has been used in almost all the applications related with decision-making. Out of many different applications of AHP, this article covers a select few, which could be of wide interest to the researchers and practitioners. The article critically analyses some of the papers published in international journals of high repute, and gives a brief idea about many of the referred publications. Papers are categorized according to the identified themes, and on the basis of the areas of applications. The references have also been grouped region-wise and year-wise in order to track the growth of AHP applications. To help readers extract quick and meaningful information, the references are summarized in various tabular formats and charts. A total of 150 application papers are referred to in this paper, 27 of them are critically analyzed. It is hoped that this work will provide a ready reference on AHP, and act as an informative summary kit for the researchers and practitioners for their future work.
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paper_title: Using the analytic hierarchy process and multi-objective programming for the selection of cost drivers in activity-based costing

paper_content:

Abstract Activity-Based Costing (ABC) makes use of multiple cost drivers. The selection of these cost drivers from a set of candidate cost drivers can pose a difficult selection problem. This paper proposes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a multi-objective programming methodology as aids in making cost driver selections. A demonstration of the application of these methodologies in ABC cost driver selection is presented. The informational efficacy of the proposed combined methodologies is also discussed.
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paper_title: An integrated mathematical programming model for offset planning

paper_content:

Abstract The ability of a company to compete successfully in a global environment often extends beyond the ability to sell a product at a given price or service level. International “deals” are often based upon the company's ability to provide access to international markets (economic benefits), be perceived as socially responsible and meet political requirements. These requirements come in the form of offset, industrial participation or countertrade. Unfortunately, these factors cannot be measured in quantitative terms, but rather qualitative objectives. This paper presents the development of a quantitative model using multicriteria mathematical programming methods. This paper deals with the development of an integrated quantitative model for offset (countertrade) planning. The model includes multiple conflicting goals with inconsistent units requiring prioritization. As common in today's business environment, a single methodology for solving problems is insufficient. This paper discusses a case in which business decision-makers can take existing models from analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in socio-economic literature and apply it to the well-established goal programming model for an empirical example, based on the data obtained from the U.S. aerospace companies. The model is solved by a Micro Management Science computer software and its result is analyzed. The model validation is performed by sensitivity and factor analyses.
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paper_title: Information resource planning for a health-care system using an AHP-based goal programming method

paper_content:

This paper presents a goal programming (GP) model which aids in allocating a health-care system's information resources pertinent to strategic planning. The model is developed based on the data obtained from a major health-care system in the United States. The overall objective is to design and evaluate a model for effective information resource planning in a health-care system. The proposed model: (1) utilizes a GP approach to reflect the multiple, conflicting goals of the health-care system; (2) employs a GP solution process to reflect multi-dimensional aspects of the resource allocation planning; and (3) allows for some degree of flexibility of decision-making with respect to resource allocation. The goals are decomposed and prioritized with respect to the corresponding criteria using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The model result is derived and discussed. This GP model facilitates decision-making planning process and managerial policy in health-care information resources planning and similar planning settings.
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paper_title: Decision support models for the selection of internet access technologies in rural communities

paper_content:

Recent developments in Internet technologies have resulted in a wide range of high-speed internet choices to rural communities. In this paper, we present decision support models to select the high-speed access technologies with different characteristics under a multiple number of performance criteria (cost quality and speed). Specifically, we first construct an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, which provides the overall priority weights for each access technology under the multiple criteria. Next, we examine the cases of communities pooling their budget resources for additional mutual benefit. This examination leads to a couple of mixed integer programming models to determine the optimal technology selections of the pooled communities, taking the economies of scale, homogeneity/heterogeneity of communities into consideration. Throughout this paper, the main features are illustrated via numerical examples.
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paper_title: APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS IN MULTI-OBJECTIVE MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING FOR AIRLIFT CAPACITY PLANNING

paper_content:

The analytic hierarchy process is combined with multi-objective mixed integer programming to determine the optimal allocation of a limited number of aircraft among a group of airlift users with varying levels of priority and length of usage. Canadian Forces airlift planners typically encounter such a capacity planning problem. The solution to this problem requires the constrained assignment of n variable length missions (tasks) integrating hundreds of airlift requests from several users with many priorities to m airframes (parallel machines).
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paper_title: Combining the analytic hierarchy process and goal programming for global facility location-allocation problem

paper_content:

Strategic global facility location-allocation decisions involve many factors that may be conflicting in nature, and can pose a difficult selection problem. Recognizing the multiple and conflicting objective nature of the location-allocation problem in an international setting, this paper proposes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and multi-objective goal-programming methodology as aids in making location-allocation decisions. The methodology presented can help facility planning authorities to formulate viable location strategies in the volatile and complex global decision environment. A demonstration of the application of these methodologies in a real life problem is presented.
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paper_title: An integrated approach for supplier selection

paper_content:

Competitive international business environment has forced many firms to focus on supply chain management to cope with highly increasing competition. Hence, supplier selection process has gained importance recently, since most of the firms have been spending considerable amount of their revenues on purchasing. The supplier selection problem involves conflicting multiple criteria that are tangible and intangible. Hence, the purpose of this study is to propose an integrated model for supplier selection. In order to achieve this purpose, supplier selection problem has been structured as an integrated lexicographic goal programming (LGP) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model including both quantitative and qualitative conflicting factors. The application process has been accomplished in a food company established in Istanbul, Turkey. In this study, the model building, solution and application processes of the proposed integrated model for supplier selection have been presented.
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paper_title: A combined goal programming - AHP approach to maintenance selection problem

paper_content:

Abstract This paper presents a ‘Lexicographic’ Goal Programming (LGP) approach to define the best strategies for the maintenance of critical centrifugal pumps in an oil refinery. For each pump failure mode, the model allows to take into account the maintenance policy burden in terms of inspection or repair and in terms of the manpower involved, linking them to efficiency-risk aspects quantified as in FMECA methodology through the use of the classic parameters occurrence (O), severity (S) and detectability (D), evaluated through an adequate application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. An extended presentation of the data and results of the case analysed is proposed in order to show the characteristics and performance of this approach.
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paper_title: Product-driven supply chain selection using integrated multi-criteriadecision-making methodology

paper_content:

Abstract Effective supply chain design calls for robust analytical models and design tools. Previous works in this area are mostly Operation Research oriented without considering manufacturing aspects. Recently, researchers have begun to realize that the decision and integration effort in supply chain design should be driven by the manufactured product, specifically, product characteristics and product life cycle. In addition, decision-making processes should be guided by a comprehensive set of performance metrics. In this paper, we relate product characteristics to supply chain strategy and adopt supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model level I performance metrics as the decision criteria. An integrated analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preemptive goal programming (PGP) based multi-criteria decision-making methodology is then developed to take into account both qualitative and quantitative factors in supplier selection. While the AHP process matches product characteristics with supplier characteristics (using supplier ratings derived from pairwise comparisons) to qualitatively determine supply chain strategy, PGP mathematically determines the optimal order quantity from the chosen suppliers. Since PGP uses AHP ratings as input, the variations of pairwise comparisons in AHP will influence the final order quantity. Therefore, users of this methodology should put greater emphasis on the AHP progress to ensure the accuracy of supplier ratings.
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paper_title: Combining the analytic hierarchy process and goal programming for global facility location-allocation problem

paper_content:

Strategic global facility location-allocation decisions involve many factors that may be conflicting in nature, and can pose a difficult selection problem. Recognizing the multiple and conflicting objective nature of the location-allocation problem in an international setting, this paper proposes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and multi-objective goal-programming methodology as aids in making location-allocation decisions. The methodology presented can help facility planning authorities to formulate viable location strategies in the volatile and complex global decision environment. A demonstration of the application of these methodologies in a real life problem is presented.
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paper_title: Trust evaluation: an AHP and multi‐objective programming approach

paper_content:

Establishing trust within groups or teams of scientists and technicians working on large‐scale projects is considered an essential critical success factor when working in a virtual environment. To build trust among team members for any project requires a selection decision on which trust factors will best achieve the goals of the project. This paper presents application results of using two analytic methodologies used to evaluate trust survey information from the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), the USA’s largest science project. The two decision methodologies produced results that helped support SNS management’s judgment that uniquely selected trust categories should be emphasized to build trust on this project.
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paper_title: A combined AHP–GP model for quality control systems

paper_content:

Abstract Using the results of previous studies of service quality attributes, five sets of quality measures are identified. These indicators or measures, through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), are then accurately and consistently weighted. The priority weights are, in turn, incorporated in a goal-programming model to help select the “best” set of quality control instruments for customer data collection purposes. The paper proposes a decision aid that will allow weighting (prioritizing) of a firm's unique service quality measures, consider the real world resource limitations (i.e., budget, hour, labor, etc.), and select the optimal set of service quality control instruments. The paper addresses two important issues: how to incorporate and decide upon quality control measures in a service industry, and how to incorporate the AHP into the model. A real world case study illustrates the application of this combined analytic hierarchy process and goal-programming (AHP–GP) model.
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paper_title: Selection of computer-integrated manufacturing technologies using a combined analytic hierarchy process and goal programming model

paper_content:

Abstract Investment in computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a multi-attribute problem, which includes both qualitative and quantitative factors. In order to select the best set of CIM alternatives among the competing ones it is necessary to make a trade off between the quantative and qualitative factors some of which may conflict. Selection of appropriate CIM alternatives is vital in manufacturing companies’ long-term competitiveness, and it requires development of selection models. The selection model must consider various quantative and qualitative objectives and constraints simultaneously. For example, companies have generally limited funds to invest in new advanced technology. The size of the allocated fund limits the types and number of CIM alternatives a company can select in a given time period. In this article, a combined model of the analytical hierarchy process and goal programming is proposed to consider multiple objectives and constraints simultaneously. A real-world example is provided to illustrate the application of the combined approach.
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paper_title: A hierarchic metric approach for integration of green issues in manufacturing: a paper recycling application.

paper_content:

This paper presents a hierarchic framework for environmentally conscious design. The framework integrates both product designers and stakeholders to evaluate not only the product features but also its environmental burden. In evaluating the product's burden, a life cycle assessment of the product is conducted through input-output analysis so that a comprehensive inventory of the product's actions and reactions to the environment could be documented. The analytic hierarchy procedure (AHP) is used to develop priority indices for customer requirements to highlight key features that must be present in the product. Subsequently, the quality function deployment is used to match design requirements to customer requirements. A cost-effective design plan is then finally developed. This framework adopts a systemic approach and ensures that environmentally conscious products are designed and manufactured.
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paper_title: A framework of an intelligent quality function deployment (IQFD) for discrete assembly environment

paper_content:

This research work provides the methodology for the development of intelligent quality function deployment (IQFD) application in the discrete parts, assembly environment. The paper is composed of the background of QFD, related research work review and points for developing in assembly environment. Then, the paper describes about the needs of development on intelligent QFD due to uncertainty on the available human experts in product development and expansion. The paper applied the proposed methodology on the case study of the personal computer assembly. IQFD was developed in Microsoft Excel environment with the Visual Basic language.
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paper_title: A QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT APPROACH TO STRATEGIC CAPITAL BUDGETING

paper_content:

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new analytic method of capital budgeting that takes into account both customer “wants” and competitor's status (or relative position and strength. The model, which is loosely based on quality function deployment (QFD), incorporates market segments, customer “wants,” design specifications, various manufacturing processes, and capital budgeting projects as rows and columns of interconnected QFD matrices. In addition, we have used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the intensity of the relationship between the variables involved in each matrix of the model. Ultimately, the goal of these matrices is to prioritize projects and ensure that the projects funded are focused on satisfying customer “wants.” Project priorities calculated from the interconnected matrices are used as the objective function in a 0–1 integer program to determine funding allocation levels for various capital budgeting projects. A practical example shows the applicability of the model to manufa...
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paper_title: An application of quality function deployment to improve the quality of teaching

paper_content:

Over the years, many teaching methods and techniques have been suggested and used in university teaching. However, the effectiveness of these teaching techniques and methods has not been carefully evaluated. We propose and test a methodology for identifying different teaching techniques and for evaluating their effectiveness in achieving educational objectives from students’ perspective. This paper demonstrates how quality function deployment (QFD) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are used in identifying teaching methods and techniques and in evaluating their effectiveness in achieving educational objectives.
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paper_title: Quality function deployment for the good of soccer

paper_content:

Abstract This article presents a model for prioritizing and designing rule changes for the game of soccer in order to make it more attractive to soccer enthusiasts. The model, which is loosely based on quality function deployment (QFD), incorporates market segments, sports enthusiast interests, soccer activities, and rules of the game as rows and columns of interconnected QFD matrices. In addition, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the intensity of the relationship between the row and column variables of each matrix, while analytic network process (ANP) is used to determine the intensity of synergy effects among column variables. Finally, a trend extrapolation forecasting technique is used to suggest rule change specifications. The model fine-tunes and adds precision to the otherwise ad hoc process concerning the improvement of the game of soccer, and can provide insight about improvements in other professional sports.
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paper_title: A comparative study of the prioritization matrix method and the analytic hierarchy process technique in quality function deployment

paper_content:

As a tool to identify customer needs and translate customer requirements into technical responses, the house of quality (HOQ) has become one of the most useful techniques in total quality management, especially in the context of quality function deployment (QFD). Recently, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been recommended for prioritizing the customer voice in HOQ. In this paper, we recommend that AHP be applied not only to the customer voice, but also directly to the technical responses. Since the decision-maker can select either the prioritization matrix method or the AHP method for HOQ applications, an understanding of their advantages and disadvantages becomes important. In this paper, we compare these two methods in terms of practical applications in industry leading to the general conclusion that if time, cost and difficulty are the major concerns in product improvement, the prioritization matrix method is preferred; where accuracy is the major requirement, the AHP method would be a better c...
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paper_title: A quality function deployment approach to task organization in peacekeeping force design

paper_content:

Abstract This article presents a model for determining the composition of a United States peacekeeping force deployed to Bosnia. The model, which is loosely based on Quality Function Deployment (QFD), uses three matrices in series to relate the interests of stakeholders involved in the conflict to the composition of the US force deployed in Bosnia. In addition, we have used AHP to determine the weighted importance of various stakeholders and the intensity of the relationship between the variables involved in the model. The recommendations of the model are more or less validated by the actual force composition currently deployed in Bosnia. The advantage of the model is to add “fine tuning” and precision to an otherwise ad hoc decision making process concerning the deployment of armed forces. The model can be used in other force composition planning scenarios.
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paper_title: Multi-criteria genetic optimization for distribution network problems

paper_content:

This paper develops a multi-criterion genetic optimization for solving distribution network problems in supply chain management. Distribution problems deal with distribution from a number of sources to a number of destinations, in which various decision factors are closely related and influence each other. Genetic algorithms have been widely adopted as the optimization tool in solving these problems. This paper combines analytic hierarchy processes with genetic algorithms to capture the capability of multi-criterion decision-making. The proposed algorithm allows decision-makers to give weightings for criteria using a pairwise comparison approach. The numerical results obtained from the new approach are compared with the results obtained from linear programming. The result shows that the proposed algorithm is reliable and robust. In addition, it provides more control for decision-makers on the determination of the optimization solutions, and gains more information for a better insight into the distribution network.
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paper_title: A multi-criterion genetic algorithm for order distribution in a demand driven supply chain

paper_content:

This paper develops a multi-criterion genetic optimization procedure, specifically designed for solving optimization problems in supply chain management. The proposed algorithm is discussed with an order distribution problem in a demand driven supply chain network. It combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with genetic algorithms. AHP is utilized to evaluate the fitness values of chromosomes. The proposed algorithm allows decision-makers to give weighting for criteria using a pair-wise comparison approach. The numerical results obtained from the proposed algorithm are compared with the one obtained from the multi-objective mixed integer programming approach. The comparison shows that the proposed algorithm is reliable and robust. In addition, it provides more control and information for the decision-makers to gain a better insight of the supply chain network.
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paper_title: A heuristic methodology for order distribution in a demand driven collaborative supply chain

paper_content:

This paper studies vertical and horizontal supply chain collaboration, and proposes a demand sharing methodology based on a set of predefined collaboration rules. Supply chain collaboration is prevalent, and has been recognized to be one of the important issues in improving competition strength. However, implementation of supply chain collaboration encounters many barriers, such as type, scope and security of information sharing, equity in benefits sharing, joint decision making, coordination tasks etc. For these reasons this paper proposes a framework of a central coordination system, which is equipped with a multi-criteria genetic optimization feature. The optimization methodology combines an analytic hierarchy process with genetic algorithms. It deploys an analytic hierarchy process to model the collaboration rules, govern the demand allocations, and evaluate the fitness values of chromosomes. The implementation of the proposed central coordination system is demonstrated by a hypothetical three-echelon...
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paper_title: Determining relative efficiency of slightly non-homogeneous decision making units by data envelopment analysis: a case study in IROST

paper_content:

The assumption of classical Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models is based on complete homogeneity of Decision Making Units (DMUs). The objective of this paper is to propose a method of determining relative efficiency of slightly non-homogeneous DMUs by using DEA. First missing values are inserted by series mean. Then relative weights of DMUs are measured by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and finally relative efficiency of DMUs is computed by chance-constrained DEA. A case study demonstrates the application of the proposed method.
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paper_title: A comparative site evaluation study for relocating Japanese government agencies out of Tokyo

paper_content:

Abstract As a national project of Japan, plans for the relocation of several government agencies out of Tokyo have been ongoing. This paper is concerned with the problem of site selection for this project. The National Land Agency, the agency responsible for this project, has declared that the process of site selection should be rational, open to the public and easily understandable. In an effort to meet these requirements, we propose a consensus-making method for reaching a group decision, based on a combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the Assurance Region model of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Several strategic uses of these methodologies, e.g., Delphi procedures, are also discussed. Based on these analyses, the “Wise Men” Committee for deciding the best site has chosen two from among ten contenders, one from the North-East and the other from the Central part of Japan, as candidates for the best relocation site. We could not discriminate between the two with respect to the multiple criteria chosen for evaluating sites. The Committee recommended the two sites to the Prime Minister at the end of December 1999. The Prime Minister reported this conclusion to the Diet. This topic is currently the focus of political discussions in the Diet. In this report, the authors summarize the decision-making processes that the Wise Men Committee followed, putting emphasis on the methodological aspects.
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paper_title: A hierarchical AHP/DEA methodology for the facilities layout design problem

paper_content:

Abstract Layout design often has a significant impact on the performance of a manufacturing or service industry system and is usually a multiple-objective problem. Neither an algorithmic nor a procedural layout design methodology is usually effective in solving a practical design problem. This paper proposed a hierarchical analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to solve a plant layout design problem. A computer-aided layout-planning tool was used to generate a considerable numbers of layout alternatives as well as to generate quantitative decision-making unit (DMU) outputs. The qualitative performance measures were weighted by AHP. DEA was then used to solve the multiple-objective layout problem. Empirical illustrations from a practical case study illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
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paper_title: Awards of excellence in institutions of higher education: an AHP approach

paper_content:

This paper examines how institutions of higher education might operationalize faculty performance evaluation in terms of research, teaching, and university and community service. An analytic hierarchy process model is developed and presented, allowing decision makers to couple performance evaluation and academic reward/awards and recognitions offered by institutions of higher education, and provides an objective way to compare faculty members. Weights are provided for each of the criteria in the evaluation process for a more objective outcome. Reward/award systems might include promotion decisions, merit pay, tenure, long‐term contracts, and annual reward/awards of excellence in research, teaching or service. The model might be used to make judgment on the qualification of candidates for such systems, and could be used on the department level, college level, or university‐wide level. In addition, the model could rank faculty members within each discipline or major. An illustrative example is provided of the model at the United Arab Emirates University.
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paper_title: Combining the analytic hierarchy process and goal programming for global facility location-allocation problem

paper_content:

Strategic global facility location-allocation decisions involve many factors that may be conflicting in nature, and can pose a difficult selection problem. Recognizing the multiple and conflicting objective nature of the location-allocation problem in an international setting, this paper proposes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and multi-objective goal-programming methodology as aids in making location-allocation decisions. The methodology presented can help facility planning authorities to formulate viable location strategies in the volatile and complex global decision environment. A demonstration of the application of these methodologies in a real life problem is presented.
---
paper_title: Multi-criteria genetic optimization for distribution network problems

paper_content:

This paper develops a multi-criterion genetic optimization for solving distribution network problems in supply chain management. Distribution problems deal with distribution from a number of sources to a number of destinations, in which various decision factors are closely related and influence each other. Genetic algorithms have been widely adopted as the optimization tool in solving these problems. This paper combines analytic hierarchy processes with genetic algorithms to capture the capability of multi-criterion decision-making. The proposed algorithm allows decision-makers to give weightings for criteria using a pairwise comparison approach. The numerical results obtained from the new approach are compared with the results obtained from linear programming. The result shows that the proposed algorithm is reliable and robust. In addition, it provides more control for decision-makers on the determination of the optimization solutions, and gains more information for a better insight into the distribution network.
---
paper_title: A hierarchic metric approach for integration of green issues in manufacturing: a paper recycling application.

paper_content:

This paper presents a hierarchic framework for environmentally conscious design. The framework integrates both product designers and stakeholders to evaluate not only the product features but also its environmental burden. In evaluating the product's burden, a life cycle assessment of the product is conducted through input-output analysis so that a comprehensive inventory of the product's actions and reactions to the environment could be documented. The analytic hierarchy procedure (AHP) is used to develop priority indices for customer requirements to highlight key features that must be present in the product. Subsequently, the quality function deployment is used to match design requirements to customer requirements. A cost-effective design plan is then finally developed. This framework adopts a systemic approach and ensures that environmentally conscious products are designed and manufactured.
---
paper_title: Using the analytic hierarchy process and multi-objective programming for the selection of cost drivers in activity-based costing

paper_content:

Abstract Activity-Based Costing (ABC) makes use of multiple cost drivers. The selection of these cost drivers from a set of candidate cost drivers can pose a difficult selection problem. This paper proposes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a multi-objective programming methodology as aids in making cost driver selections. A demonstration of the application of these methodologies in ABC cost driver selection is presented. The informational efficacy of the proposed combined methodologies is also discussed.
---
paper_title: A framework of an intelligent quality function deployment (IQFD) for discrete assembly environment

paper_content:

This research work provides the methodology for the development of intelligent quality function deployment (IQFD) application in the discrete parts, assembly environment. The paper is composed of the background of QFD, related research work review and points for developing in assembly environment. Then, the paper describes about the needs of development on intelligent QFD due to uncertainty on the available human experts in product development and expansion. The paper applied the proposed methodology on the case study of the personal computer assembly. IQFD was developed in Microsoft Excel environment with the Visual Basic language.
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paper_title: An analytic model for locating facilities strategically

paper_content:

This paper presents a strategic solution to the facility location problem which incorporates both external and internal criteria in the decision-making process. The external components of the model are customers and their wants, competitors, and the characteristics of various locations. The internal components of the model are the critical processes in the manufacturing organization. The framework presented uses quality function deployment (QFD), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP). QFD matrices with interconnected rows and columns relate market segments, competitive priorities, critical processes, location attributes and various locations. AHP determines the intensity of the relationship between the row and column variables of each matrix. Finally, ANP determines the intensity of synergistic effects among column variables. The model fine-tunes and adds precision to an otherwise qualitative strategic decision process. The applicability of our proposed model is demonstrated with a case study that summarizes an intervention in which the model's framework and basic concepts were applied.
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paper_title: An integrated mathematical programming model for offset planning

paper_content:

Abstract The ability of a company to compete successfully in a global environment often extends beyond the ability to sell a product at a given price or service level. International “deals” are often based upon the company's ability to provide access to international markets (economic benefits), be perceived as socially responsible and meet political requirements. These requirements come in the form of offset, industrial participation or countertrade. Unfortunately, these factors cannot be measured in quantitative terms, but rather qualitative objectives. This paper presents the development of a quantitative model using multicriteria mathematical programming methods. This paper deals with the development of an integrated quantitative model for offset (countertrade) planning. The model includes multiple conflicting goals with inconsistent units requiring prioritization. As common in today's business environment, a single methodology for solving problems is insufficient. This paper discusses a case in which business decision-makers can take existing models from analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in socio-economic literature and apply it to the well-established goal programming model for an empirical example, based on the data obtained from the U.S. aerospace companies. The model is solved by a Micro Management Science computer software and its result is analyzed. The model validation is performed by sensitivity and factor analyses.
---
paper_title: Information resource planning for a health-care system using an AHP-based goal programming method

paper_content:

This paper presents a goal programming (GP) model which aids in allocating a health-care system's information resources pertinent to strategic planning. The model is developed based on the data obtained from a major health-care system in the United States. The overall objective is to design and evaluate a model for effective information resource planning in a health-care system. The proposed model: (1) utilizes a GP approach to reflect the multiple, conflicting goals of the health-care system; (2) employs a GP solution process to reflect multi-dimensional aspects of the resource allocation planning; and (3) allows for some degree of flexibility of decision-making with respect to resource allocation. The goals are decomposed and prioritized with respect to the corresponding criteria using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The model result is derived and discussed. This GP model facilitates decision-making planning process and managerial policy in health-care information resources planning and similar planning settings.
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paper_title: A combined goal programming - AHP approach to maintenance selection problem

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Abstract This paper presents a ‘Lexicographic’ Goal Programming (LGP) approach to define the best strategies for the maintenance of critical centrifugal pumps in an oil refinery. For each pump failure mode, the model allows to take into account the maintenance policy burden in terms of inspection or repair and in terms of the manpower involved, linking them to efficiency-risk aspects quantified as in FMECA methodology through the use of the classic parameters occurrence (O), severity (S) and detectability (D), evaluated through an adequate application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. An extended presentation of the data and results of the case analysed is proposed in order to show the characteristics and performance of this approach.
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paper_title: Assessing the suitability of community-based management for the Nyungwe Forest Reserve, Rwanda

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Abstract This study assesses the perceptions of representatives from three stakeholder groups—local communities, a government agency, and an environmental organization—towards the suitability of community-based management (CBM) approach to the Nyungwe Forest Reserve (NFR), Rwanda. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) technique in combination with an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to achieve the task. Results show that representatives of local communities perceive positive aspects of CBM outweigh its negative aspects. However, representatives of a government agency and a nongovernmental organization anticipate that weaknesses associated with CBM approach outweigh its strengths. Our analyses show that stakeholder groups view CBM differently, suggesting a need for better understanding about this approach. Implementation of CBM in small scales first along with outreach activities might bring stakeholders together and will ensure conservation and rural community stability.
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paper_title: Product-driven supply chain selection using integrated multi-criteriadecision-making methodology

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Abstract Effective supply chain design calls for robust analytical models and design tools. Previous works in this area are mostly Operation Research oriented without considering manufacturing aspects. Recently, researchers have begun to realize that the decision and integration effort in supply chain design should be driven by the manufactured product, specifically, product characteristics and product life cycle. In addition, decision-making processes should be guided by a comprehensive set of performance metrics. In this paper, we relate product characteristics to supply chain strategy and adopt supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model level I performance metrics as the decision criteria. An integrated analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preemptive goal programming (PGP) based multi-criteria decision-making methodology is then developed to take into account both qualitative and quantitative factors in supplier selection. While the AHP process matches product characteristics with supplier characteristics (using supplier ratings derived from pairwise comparisons) to qualitatively determine supply chain strategy, PGP mathematically determines the optimal order quantity from the chosen suppliers. Since PGP uses AHP ratings as input, the variations of pairwise comparisons in AHP will influence the final order quantity. Therefore, users of this methodology should put greater emphasis on the AHP progress to ensure the accuracy of supplier ratings.
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paper_title: Manufacturing supply chain design and evaluation

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Successful supply chain management calls for robust supply chain design and evaluation tools. Many published papers focused on high level strategic aspects of supply chain design and the results are usually generic guidelines for business executives rather than specific tools for plant managers. In this paper, we present a decision-based methodology for supply chain design that a plant manager can use to select suppliers. The methodology utilizes the techniques of analytic hierarchy process and preemptive goal programming. Supply chain operations reference model level I performance metrics are incorporated into the methodology as the decision criteria. In addition, a set of performance metrics is developed to evaluate the overall supply chain effectiveness, which allows direct comparison of different supply chain designs.
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paper_title: A multi-criterion genetic algorithm for order distribution in a demand driven supply chain

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This paper develops a multi-criterion genetic optimization procedure, specifically designed for solving optimization problems in supply chain management. The proposed algorithm is discussed with an order distribution problem in a demand driven supply chain network. It combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with genetic algorithms. AHP is utilized to evaluate the fitness values of chromosomes. The proposed algorithm allows decision-makers to give weighting for criteria using a pair-wise comparison approach. The numerical results obtained from the proposed algorithm are compared with the one obtained from the multi-objective mixed integer programming approach. The comparison shows that the proposed algorithm is reliable and robust. In addition, it provides more control and information for the decision-makers to gain a better insight of the supply chain network.
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paper_title: Supply chain optimization of continuous process industries with sustainability considerations

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Abstract Today's optimization of continuous process industries should be exerted on the scope of whole enterprise supply chain, from the raw material purchase stage to product distribution stage, with sustainability considerations. Sustainability involves the mutliple objectives of social, economic, resources and environmental sustainability; some of them are conflicting. In this study, goal programming (GP) model is proposed to address this multi-objective problem with the integration of non-relaxable constraints and relaxable constraints. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multi-objective decision making method, is used to evaluate the priorities of goals and weights of deviation variables. The application of this approach is illustrated through a case study on sustainable supply chain optimization and scheduling of a petrochemical complex. The results obtained show that this approach is a viable tool and offers good communication with decision-maker.
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paper_title: Combining the analytic hierarchy process and goal programming for global facility location-allocation problem

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Strategic global facility location-allocation decisions involve many factors that may be conflicting in nature, and can pose a difficult selection problem. Recognizing the multiple and conflicting objective nature of the location-allocation problem in an international setting, this paper proposes the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and multi-objective goal-programming methodology as aids in making location-allocation decisions. The methodology presented can help facility planning authorities to formulate viable location strategies in the volatile and complex global decision environment. A demonstration of the application of these methodologies in a real life problem is presented.
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paper_title: A comparative study of the prioritization matrix method and the analytic hierarchy process technique in quality function deployment

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As a tool to identify customer needs and translate customer requirements into technical responses, the house of quality (HOQ) has become one of the most useful techniques in total quality management, especially in the context of quality function deployment (QFD). Recently, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been recommended for prioritizing the customer voice in HOQ. In this paper, we recommend that AHP be applied not only to the customer voice, but also directly to the technical responses. Since the decision-maker can select either the prioritization matrix method or the AHP method for HOQ applications, an understanding of their advantages and disadvantages becomes important. In this paper, we compare these two methods in terms of practical applications in industry leading to the general conclusion that if time, cost and difficulty are the major concerns in product improvement, the prioritization matrix method is preferred; where accuracy is the major requirement, the AHP method would be a better c...
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paper_title: A heuristic methodology for order distribution in a demand driven collaborative supply chain

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This paper studies vertical and horizontal supply chain collaboration, and proposes a demand sharing methodology based on a set of predefined collaboration rules. Supply chain collaboration is prevalent, and has been recognized to be one of the important issues in improving competition strength. However, implementation of supply chain collaboration encounters many barriers, such as type, scope and security of information sharing, equity in benefits sharing, joint decision making, coordination tasks etc. For these reasons this paper proposes a framework of a central coordination system, which is equipped with a multi-criteria genetic optimization feature. The optimization methodology combines an analytic hierarchy process with genetic algorithms. It deploys an analytic hierarchy process to model the collaboration rules, govern the demand allocations, and evaluate the fitness values of chromosomes. The implementation of the proposed central coordination system is demonstrated by a hypothetical three-echelon...
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paper_title: Trust evaluation: an AHP and multi‐objective programming approach

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Establishing trust within groups or teams of scientists and technicians working on large‐scale projects is considered an essential critical success factor when working in a virtual environment. To build trust among team members for any project requires a selection decision on which trust factors will best achieve the goals of the project. This paper presents application results of using two analytic methodologies used to evaluate trust survey information from the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), the USA’s largest science project. The two decision methodologies produced results that helped support SNS management’s judgment that uniquely selected trust categories should be emphasized to build trust on this project.
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paper_title: A combined AHP–GP model for quality control systems

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Abstract Using the results of previous studies of service quality attributes, five sets of quality measures are identified. These indicators or measures, through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), are then accurately and consistently weighted. The priority weights are, in turn, incorporated in a goal-programming model to help select the “best” set of quality control instruments for customer data collection purposes. The paper proposes a decision aid that will allow weighting (prioritizing) of a firm's unique service quality measures, consider the real world resource limitations (i.e., budget, hour, labor, etc.), and select the optimal set of service quality control instruments. The paper addresses two important issues: how to incorporate and decide upon quality control measures in a service industry, and how to incorporate the AHP into the model. A real world case study illustrates the application of this combined analytic hierarchy process and goal-programming (AHP–GP) model.
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paper_title: A hierarchical AHP/DEA methodology for the facilities layout design problem

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Abstract Layout design often has a significant impact on the performance of a manufacturing or service industry system and is usually a multiple-objective problem. Neither an algorithmic nor a procedural layout design methodology is usually effective in solving a practical design problem. This paper proposed a hierarchical analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to solve a plant layout design problem. A computer-aided layout-planning tool was used to generate a considerable numbers of layout alternatives as well as to generate quantitative decision-making unit (DMU) outputs. The qualitative performance measures were weighted by AHP. DEA was then used to solve the multiple-objective layout problem. Empirical illustrations from a practical case study illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
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paper_title: Exploring the potential for silvopasture adoption in south-central Florida: an application of SWOT-AHP method

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Abstract We analyzed the prospects and challenges for silvopasture adoption in south-central Florida using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats approach in combination with analytic hierarchy process. We used preference data from opinion leaders who have had extensive knowledge about silvopasture practices in south-central Florida. Results reveal that strengths and opportunities for silvopasture adoption outweigh its weaknesses and threats. The participants perceive that land stewardship and diversification of income as major strengths of silvopasture and environmental benefits and government support for silvopasture practices as important opportunities. While long-term investment requirement and poor-quality soils are identified as weaknesses for the adoption of silvopasture, government regulation relating to land-use practices is considered as a critical threat. These results provide important insights for policy developments relating to silvopasture practices.
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paper_title: Selection of computer-integrated manufacturing technologies using a combined analytic hierarchy process and goal programming model

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Abstract Investment in computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a multi-attribute problem, which includes both qualitative and quantitative factors. In order to select the best set of CIM alternatives among the competing ones it is necessary to make a trade off between the quantative and qualitative factors some of which may conflict. Selection of appropriate CIM alternatives is vital in manufacturing companies’ long-term competitiveness, and it requires development of selection models. The selection model must consider various quantative and qualitative objectives and constraints simultaneously. For example, companies have generally limited funds to invest in new advanced technology. The size of the allocated fund limits the types and number of CIM alternatives a company can select in a given time period. In this article, a combined model of the analytical hierarchy process and goal programming is proposed to consider multiple objectives and constraints simultaneously. A real-world example is provided to illustrate the application of the combined approach.
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paper_title: Quantitative SWOT analysis on global competitiveness of machine tool industry

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The strategic importance of global competitiveness of the machine tool industry in Japan is steadily increasing, and therefore machine tool manufacturers require effective corporate strategy to achieve sustainable competitive advantages. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis is one of the most effective approaches used for analysing strategic management policy of an organization. However, the use of conventional SWOT analysis is based on the qualitative analysis and has no means of determining the importance of each SWOT factor. In this study, a newly structured SWOT analysis has been proposed for weighting and rating individual SWOT factors using the pairwise comparison matrices. As a result, effective industrial strategy planning for the machine tool industry can be carried out by applying the proposed method.
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Title: Integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process and Its Applications - A Literature Review

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Introduce the AHP, its adaptations, and its various applications in decision-making contexts.

Section 2: Combined AHP-MILP Approach
Description 2: Discuss the integration of AHP with Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and its application in logistics, ship selection, and internet technology selection.

Section 3: Combined AHP-GP Approach
Description 3: Describe the integration of AHP with Goal Programming (GP) and its application in areas such as cost driver selection, offset planning, and resource allocation.

Section 4: QFD and its Applications
Description 4: Analyze the use of the AHP integrated with Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for improving education quality, new product development, and other decision-making scenarios.

Section 5: Meta-Heuristics and Their Applications
Description 5: Examine the combination of AHP with meta-heuristic techniques like Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in job shop scheduling, location selection, and logistics distribution.

Section 6: SWOT and its Applications
Description 6: Detail the integration of AHP with SWOT analysis to aid strategic decision-making in fields such as forestry and industry.

Section 7: DEA and its Applications
Description 7: Explain the use of AHP together with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for evaluating efficiency in tasks like government agency relocation and facility layout design.

Section 8: Observations and Recommendations
Description 8: Provide observations from the literature review and offer recommendations for improving integrated AHP approaches and their applications.

Section 9: The Most Popular Integrated AHP
Description 9: Identify the most frequently used tools integrated with AHP and discuss their advantages, particularly focusing on AHP-GP and AHP-QFD approaches.

Section 10: The Most Popular Application Area
Description 10: Determine the most common fields of application for integrated AHPs, such as logistics and manufacturing.

Section 11: Future Work
Description 11: Suggest potential future applications for integrated AHPs in various fields and highlight promising areas for further research.

Section 12: Conclusions
Description 12: Summarize the main findings of the literature review and highlight the significance of integrating AHP with other decision-making techniques.