Internet of things for sleep quality monitoring system: A survey
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paper_title: Assertion-based verification of industrial WLAN system

paper_content:

For the last decades, the advancement of system on chips complexity and size are driving the verification process of the digital designs to be much more complicated and time consuming. Moreover, nowadays, the verification process takes up to 80% of overall design development time. This paper emphasizes the importance of automatic testbench generator for industrial wireless local area network (iWLAN) for factory automation system (FA). The proposed generated testbench is written in SystemVerilog to represent the functions and to reduce the code size compared to traditional Verilog testbench. It is also supported by assertion-based method to simplify the code and to improve the observability in SoC verification. Experimental results show that our proposed method produces smaller code size and can improve the efficiency of the verification of SoC designs. Moreover, we shows the verified iWLAN system data transfer.
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paper_title: Cloud of Things: Integrating Internet of Things and cloud computing and the issues involved

paper_content:

With the trend going on in ubiquitous computing, everything is going to be connected to the Internet and its data will be used for various progressive purposes, creating not only information from it, but also, knowledge and even wisdom. Internet of Things (IoT) becoming so pervasive that it is becoming important to integrate it with cloud computing because of the amount of data IoT's could generate and their requirement to have the privilege of virtual resources utilization and storage capacity, but also, to make it possible to create more usefulness from the data generated by IoT's and develop smart applications for the users. This IoT and cloud computing integration is referred to as Cloud of Things in this paper. IoT's and cloud computing integration is not that simple and bears some key issues. Those key issues along with their respective potential solutions have been highlighted in this paper.
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paper_title: An Information Framework for Creating a Smart City Through Internet of Things

paper_content:

Increasing population density in urban centers demands adequate provision of services and infrastructure to meet the needs of city inhabitants, encompassing residents, workers, and visitors. The utilization of information and communications technologies to achieve this objective presents an opportunity for the development of smart cities, where city management and citizens are given access to a wealth of real-time information about the urban environment upon which to base decisions, actions, and future planning. This paper presents a framework for the realization of smart cities through the Internet of Things (IoT). The framework encompasses the complete urban information system, from the sensory level and networking support structure through to data management and Cloud-based integration of respective systems and services, and forms a transformational part of the existing cyber-physical system. This IoT vision for a smart city is applied to a noise mapping case study to illustrate a new method for existing operations that can be adapted for the enhancement and delivery of important city services.
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paper_title: A secure and fast industrial WLAN system with zero-delay roaming

paper_content:

In this paper, an industrial Wireless Local Area Network (iWLAN) solution to control industrial robots (iRBs) in large-scale factory automation (FA) environment is addressed. In the large-scale industrial network composed of multiple access points (APs), a delay time during roaming from one AP to another AP causes a discontinuation of the control of the iRBs. This roaming delay is usually induced by two processes; 1) scanning for a new AP and 2) authentication at the new AP. In order to avoid roaming delay, we propose a novel access scheme using pre-registration and time-synchronization. In this scheme, all APs operate in same channel with time-synchronization, and each iRBs are pre-registered to every AP before control. The analysis results show that the proposed scheme realizes zero delay, zero communication cost and low storage requirements for roaming.
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paper_title: A Health-IoT Platform Based on the Integration of Intelligent Packaging, Unobtrusive Bio-Sensor, and Intelligent Medicine Box

paper_content:

In-home healthcare services based on the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have great business potential; however, a comprehensive platform is still missing. In this paper, an intelligent home-based platform, the iHome Health-IoT, is proposed and implemented. In particular, the platform involves an open-platform-based intelligent medicine box (iMedBox) with enhanced connectivity and interchangeability for the integration of devices and services; intelligent pharmaceutical packaging (iMedPack) with communication capability enabled by passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) and actuation capability enabled by functional materials; and a flexible and wearable bio-medical sensor device (Bio-Patch) enabled by the state-of-the-art inkjet printing technology and system-on-chip. The proposed platform seamlessly fuses IoT devices (e.g., wearable sensors and intelligent medicine packages) with in-home healthcare services (e.g., telemedicine) for an improved user experience and service efficiency. The feasibility of the implemented iHome Health-IoT platform has been proven in field trials.
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paper_title: Smart Agriculture Based on Cloud Computing and IOT

paper_content:

Issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers have been always hindering China’s development. The only solution to these three problems is agricultural modernization. However, China's agriculture is far from modernized. The introduction of cloud computing and internet of things into agricultural modernization will probably solve the problem. Based on major features of cloud computing and key techniques of internet of things, cloud computing, visualization and SOA technologies can build massive data involved in agricultural production. Internet of things and RFID technologies can help build plant factory and realize automatic control production of agriculture. Cloud computing is closely related to internet of things. A perfect combination of them can promote fast development of agricultural modernization, realize smart agriculture and effectively solve the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers.
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paper_title: M2M Communications: A Systems Approach

paper_content:

A comprehensive introduction to M2M Standards and systems architecture, from concept to implementationFocusing on the latest technological developments, M2M Communications: A Systems Approach is an advanced introduction to this important and rapidly evolving topic. It provides a systems perspective on machine-to-machine services and the major telecommunications relevant technologies. It provides a focus on the latest standards currently in progress by ETSI and 3GPP, the leading standards entities in telecommunication networks and solutions. The structure of the book is inspired by ongoing standards developments and uses a systems-based approach for describing the problems which may be encountered when considering M2M, as well as offering proposed solutions from the latest developments in industry and standardization.The authors provide comprehensive technical information on M2M architecture, protocols and applications, especially examining M2M service architecture, access and core network optimizations, and M2M area networks technologies. It also considers dominant M2M application domains such as Smart Metering, Smart Grid, and eHealth. Aimed as an advanced introduction to this complex technical field, the book will provide an essential end-to-end overview of M2M for professionals working in the industry and advanced students.Key features:First technical book emerging from a standards perspective to respond to this highly specific technology/business segmentCovers the main challenges facing the M2M industry today, and proposes early roll-out scenarios and potential optimization solutionsExamines the system level architecture and clearly defines the methodology and interfaces to be consideredIncludes important information presented in a logical manner essential for any engineer or business manager involved in the field of M2M and Internet of ThingsProvides a cross-over between vertical and horizontal M2M concepts and a possible evolution path between the twoWritten by experts involved at the cutting edge of M2M developments
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paper_title: Health Monitoring and Management Using Internet-of-Things (IoT) Sensing with Cloud-Based Processing: Opportunities and Challenges

paper_content:

Among the panoply of applications enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT), smart and connected health care is a particularly important one. Networked sensors, either worn on the body or embedded in our living environments, make possible the gathering of rich information indicative of our physical and mental health. Captured on a continual basis, aggregated, and effectively mined, such information can bring about a positive transformative change in the health care landscape. In particular, the availability of data at hitherto unimagined scales and temporal longitudes coupled with a new generation of intelligent processing algorithms can: (a) facilitate an evolution in the practice of medicine, from the current post facto diagnose-and-treat reactive paradigm, to a proactive framework for prognosis of diseases at an incipient stage, coupled with prevention, cure, and overall management of health instead of disease, (b) enable personalization of treatment and management options targeted particularly to the specific circumstances and needs of the individual, and (c) help reduce the cost of health care while simultaneously improving outcomes. In this paper, we highlight the opportunities and challenges for IoT in realizing this vision of the future of health care.
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paper_title: Wireless sensor network based wearable smart shirt for ubiquitous health and activity monitoring

paper_content:

The smart shirt which measures electrocardiogram (ECG) and acceleration signals for continuous and real time health monitoring is designed and developed. The shirt mainly consists of sensors for continuous monitoring the health data and conductive fabrics to get the body signal as electrodes. The measured physiological ECG data and physical activity data are transmitted in an ad-hoc network in IEEE 802.15.4 communication standard to a base-station and server PC for remote monitoring. The wearable sensor devices are designed to fit well into shirt with small size and low power consumption to reduce the battery size. The adaptive filtering method to cancel artifact noise from conductive fabric electrodes in a shirt is also designed and tested to get clear ECG signal even though during running or physical exercise of a person.
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paper_title: Practice Parameters for Using Polysomnography to Evaluate Insomnia: An Update

paper_content:

Insomnia is a common and clinically important problem. It may arise directly from a sleep-wake regulatory dysfunction and/or indirectly result from comorbid psychiatric, behavioral, medical, or neurological conditions. As an important public-health problem, insomnia requires accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Insomnia is primarily diagnosed clinically with a detailed medical, psychiatric, and sleep history. Polysomnography is indicated when a sleep-related breathing disorder or periodic limb movement disorder is suspected, initial diagnosis is uncertain, treatment fails, or precipitous arousals occur with violent or injurious behavior. However, polysomnography is not indicated for the routine evaluation of transient insomnia, chronic insomnia, or insomnia associated with psychiatric disorders.
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paper_title: Diagnosis of Restless Leg Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom Disease)

paper_content:

Restless leg syndrome, or Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurosensorimotor disorder with significant impact that is diagnosed through 5 clinical criteria. Adherence to 5 criteria and a thorough physical examination are often sufficient for diagnosis. Associated features prove helpful in young children or the cognitively impaired. Polysomnography is not routinely required unless the patient has other sleep-related symptoms. The finding of periodic leg movements in sleep only suggests, instead of confirms, the diagnosis. It is important to arrive at appropriate diagnosis because the prevalence is in the millions and treatment significantly improves sleep quality and daytime function.
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paper_title: Analysis and classification of oximetry recordings to predict obstructive sleep apnea severity in children

paper_content:

Current study is focused around the potential use of oximetry to determine the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) severity in children. Single-channel SpO2 recordings from 176 children were divided into three severity groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): AHI<;1 events per hour (e/h), 1≤AHI<;5 e/h, and AHI ≥5 e/h. Spectral analysis was conducted to define and characterize a frequency band of interest in SpO2. Then we combined the spectral data with the 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI3) by means of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, in order to classify children into one of the three OSAHS severity groups. Following our MLP multiclass approach, a diagnostic protocol with capability to reduce the need of polysomnography tests by 46% could be derived. Moreover, our proposal can be also evaluated, in a binary classification task for two common AHI diagnostic cutoffs (AHI = 1 e/h and AHI= 5 e/h). High diagnostic ability was reached in both cases (84.7% and 85.8% accuracy, respectively) outperforming the clinical variable ODI3 as well as other measures reported in recent studies. These results suggest that the information contained in SpO2 could be helpful in pediatric OSAHS severity detection.
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paper_title: Non-linear analysis of EEG signals at various sleep stages

paper_content:

Application of non-linear dynamics methods to the physiological sciences demonstrated that non-linear models are useful for understanding complex physiological phenomena such as abrupt transitions and chaotic behavior. Sleep stages and sustained fluctuations of autonomic functions such as temperature, blood pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), etc., can be described as a chaotic process. The EEG signals are highly subjective and the information about the various states may appear at random in the time scale. Therefore, EEG signal parameters, extracted and analyzed using computers, are highly useful in diagnostics. The sleep data analysis is carried out using non-linear parameters: correlation dimension, fractal dimension, largest Lyapunov entropy, approximate entropy, Hurst exponent, phase space plot and recurrence plots. These non-linear parameters quantify the cortical function at different sleep stages and the results are tabulated.
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paper_title: The role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders.

paper_content:

This paper, which has been reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the American Sleep Disorders Association, provides the background for the Standards of Practice Committee's parameters for the practice of sleep medicine in North America. The growing use of activity-based monitoring (actigraphy) in sleep medicine and sleep research has enriched and challenged traditional sleep-monitoring techniques. This review summarizes the empirical data on the validity of actigraphy in assessing sleep-wake patterns and assessing clinical and control groups ranging in age from infancy to elderly. An overview of sleep-related actigraphic studies is also included. Actigraphy provides useful measures of sleep-wake schedule and sleep quality. The data also suggest that actigraphy, despite its limitations, may be a useful, cost-effective method for assessing specific sleep disorders, such as insomnia and schedule disorders, and for monitoring their treatment process. Methodological issues such as the proper use of actigraphy and possible artifacts have not been systematically addressed in clinical research and practice.
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paper_title: A Classification method for eye movements direction during REM sleep trained on wake electro-oculographic recordings

paper_content:

Rapid eye movements (REMs) are a peculiar and intriguing aspect of REM sleep, even if their physiological function still remains unclear. During this work, a new automatic tool was developed, aimed at a complete description of REMs activity during the night, both in terms of their timing of occurrence that in term of their directional properties. A classification stage of each singular movement detected during the night according to its main direction, was in fact added to our procedure of REMs detection and ocular artifact removal. A supervised classifier was constructed, using as training and validation set EOG data recorded during voluntary saccades of five healthy volunteers. Different classification methods were tested and compared. The further information about REMs directional characteristic provided by the procedure would represent a valuable tool for a deeper investigation into REMs physiological origin and functional meaning.
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paper_title: Theory and Developments in an Unobtrusive Cardiovascular System Representation: Ballistocardiography

paper_content:

Due to recent technological improvements, namely in the field of piezoelectric sensors, ballistocardiography – an almost forgotten physiological measurement – is now being object of a renewed scientific interest. ::: ::: Transcending the initial purposes of its development, ballistocardiography has revealed itself to be a useful informative signal about the cardiovascular system status, since it is a non-intrusive technique which is able to assess the body’s vibrations due to its cardiac, and respiratory physiological signatures. ::: ::: Apart from representing the outcome of the electrical stimulus to the myocardium – which may be obtained by electrocardiography – the ballistocardiograph has additional advantages, as it can be embedded in objects of common use, such as a bed or a chair. Moreover, it enables measurements without the presence of medical staff, factor which avoids the stress caused by medical examinations and reduces the patient’s involuntary psychophysiological responses. ::: ::: Given these attributes, and the crescent number of systems developed in recent years, it is therefore pertinent to revise all the information available on the ballistocardiogram’s physiological interpretation, its typical waveform information, its features and distortions, as well as the state of the art in device implementations.
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paper_title: Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005.

paper_content:

These practice parameters are an update of the previously-published recommendations regarding the indications for polysomnography and related procedures in the diagnosis of sleep disorders. Diagnostic categories include the following: sleep related breathing disorders, other respiratory disorders, narcolepsy, parasomnias, sleep related seizure disorders, restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement sleep disorder, depression with insomnia, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Polysomnography is routinely indicated for the diagnosis of sleep related breathing disorders; for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration in patients with sleep related breathing disorders; for the assessment of treatment results in some cases; with a multiple sleep latency test in the evaluation of suspected narcolepsy; in evaluating sleep related behaviors that are violent or otherwise potentially injurious to the patient or others; and in certain atypical or unusual parasomnias. Polysomnography may be indicated in patients with neuromuscular disorders and sleep related symptoms; to assist in the diagnosis of paroxysmal arousals or other sleep disruptions thought to be seizure related; in a presumed parasomnia or sleep related seizure disorder that does not respond to conventional therapy; or when there is a strong clinical suspicion of periodic limb movement sleep disorder. Polysomnography is not routinely indicated to diagnose chronic lung disease; in cases of typical, uncomplicated, and noninjurious parasomnias when the diagnosis is clearly delineated; for patients with seizures who have no specific complaints consistent with a sleep disorder; to diagnose or treat restless legs syndrome; for the diagnosis of circadian rhythm sleep disorders; or to establish a diagnosis of depression.
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paper_title: A Health-IoT Platform Based on the Integration of Intelligent Packaging, Unobtrusive Bio-Sensor, and Intelligent Medicine Box

paper_content:

In-home healthcare services based on the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have great business potential; however, a comprehensive platform is still missing. In this paper, an intelligent home-based platform, the iHome Health-IoT, is proposed and implemented. In particular, the platform involves an open-platform-based intelligent medicine box (iMedBox) with enhanced connectivity and interchangeability for the integration of devices and services; intelligent pharmaceutical packaging (iMedPack) with communication capability enabled by passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) and actuation capability enabled by functional materials; and a flexible and wearable bio-medical sensor device (Bio-Patch) enabled by the state-of-the-art inkjet printing technology and system-on-chip. The proposed platform seamlessly fuses IoT devices (e.g., wearable sensors and intelligent medicine packages) with in-home healthcare services (e.g., telemedicine) for an improved user experience and service efficiency. The feasibility of the implemented iHome Health-IoT platform has been proven in field trials.
---
paper_title: Health Monitoring and Management Using Internet-of-Things (IoT) Sensing with Cloud-Based Processing: Opportunities and Challenges

paper_content:

Among the panoply of applications enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT), smart and connected health care is a particularly important one. Networked sensors, either worn on the body or embedded in our living environments, make possible the gathering of rich information indicative of our physical and mental health. Captured on a continual basis, aggregated, and effectively mined, such information can bring about a positive transformative change in the health care landscape. In particular, the availability of data at hitherto unimagined scales and temporal longitudes coupled with a new generation of intelligent processing algorithms can: (a) facilitate an evolution in the practice of medicine, from the current post facto diagnose-and-treat reactive paradigm, to a proactive framework for prognosis of diseases at an incipient stage, coupled with prevention, cure, and overall management of health instead of disease, (b) enable personalization of treatment and management options targeted particularly to the specific circumstances and needs of the individual, and (c) help reduce the cost of health care while simultaneously improving outcomes. In this paper, we highlight the opportunities and challenges for IoT in realizing this vision of the future of health care.
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paper_title: Wireless body sensor networks for health-monitoring applications

paper_content:

Current wireless technologies, such as wireless body area networks and wireless personal area networks, provide promising applications in medical monitoring systems to measure specified physiological data and also provide location-based information, if required. With the increasing sophistication of wearable and implantable medical devices and their integration with wireless sensors, an ever-expanding range of therapeutic and diagnostic applications is being pursued by research and commercial organizations. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent developments in wireless sensor technology for monitoring behaviour related to human physiological responses. It presents background information on the use of wireless technology and sensors to develop a wireless physiological measurement system. A generic miniature platform and other available technologies for wireless sensors have been studied in terms of hardware and software structural requirements for a low-cost, low-power, non-invasive and unobtrusive system.
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paper_title: ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Summary

paper_content:

This document gives the motivation for the ZigBee alliance and explains the physical, medium access and routing layers of ZigBee.
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paper_title: How low energy is bluetooth low energy? Comparative measurements with ZigBee/802.15.4

paper_content:

Ultra low power communication mechanisms are essential for future Internet of Things deployments. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one promising candidate for such deployments. We study the energy consumption of BLE by measuring real devices with a power monitor and derive models of the basic energy consumption behavior observed from the measurement results. We investigate also the overhead of Ipv6-based communication over BLE, which is relevant for future IoT scenarios. We contrast our results by performing similar measurements with ZigBee/802.15.4 devices. Our results show that when compared to ZigBee, BLE is indeed very energy efficient in terms of number of bytes transferred per Joule spent. In addition, IPv6 communication energy overhead remains reasonable. We also point out a few specific limitations with current stack implementations and explain that removing those limitations could improve energy utility significantly.
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paper_title: Medical application on internet of things

paper_content:

Internet technology provides various services via network. With the diversification of terminals and development of internet technology, internet technology has come into the stage of Next Generation Network(NGN) technology. Comparing with the current Internet technology that provides services in the imaginary space, the technology on Internet of Things (IOT) is based on real word. It links things together via sensors and wireless communication technology to collect a variety of information on the condition of people and their surrounding space in the real world. The combination of Internet technology and Technology on IOT integrates physical world and imaginary space on a shared platform to eliminate the constraints of imaginary space and provide intricate, diverse, and advanced services focusing on people, which have not been achieved [1]. The future direction for the integration of Internet technology and technology on IOT, the technology of body sensor network and information services are suggested. This paper analyze the possibility and related issues of providing advanced services for human health management in the real world and research direction of medical technology on IOT.
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paper_title: Resource Efficient Mobile Computing Using Cloudlet Infrastructure

paper_content:

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) has been introduced as a viable solution to the inherited limitations of mobile computing. These limitations include battery lifetime, processing power, and storage capacity. By using MCC, the processing and the storage of intensive mobile device jobs will take place in the cloud system and the results will be returned to the mobile device. This will reduce the required power and time for completing such intensive jobs. However, connecting mobile devices with the cloud suffers from the high network latency and the huge transmission power consumption especially when using 3G/LTE connections. In this paper, we introduce a Cloudlet based MCC system aiming to reduce the power consumption and the network delay while using MCC. We merged the MCC concepts with the proposed Cloudlet framework and propose a new framework for the MCC model. Our practical experimental results showed that using the proposed model reduces the power consumption from the mobile device, besides reducing the communication latency when the mobile device requests a job to take place remotely while keeping high quality of service stander.
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paper_title: Cloud-enabled wireless body area networks for pervasive healthcare

paper_content:

With the support of mobile cloud computing, wireless body area networks can be significantly enhanced for massive deployment of pervasive healthcare applications. However, several technical issues and challenges are associated with the integration of WBANs and MCC. In this article, we study a cloud-enabled WBAN architecture and its applications in pervasive healthcare systems. We highlight the methodologies for transmitting vital sign data to the cloud by using energy-efficient routing, cloud resource allocation, semantic interactions, and data security mechanisms.
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paper_title: Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005.

paper_content:

These practice parameters are an update of the previously-published recommendations regarding the indications for polysomnography and related procedures in the diagnosis of sleep disorders. Diagnostic categories include the following: sleep related breathing disorders, other respiratory disorders, narcolepsy, parasomnias, sleep related seizure disorders, restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement sleep disorder, depression with insomnia, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Polysomnography is routinely indicated for the diagnosis of sleep related breathing disorders; for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration in patients with sleep related breathing disorders; for the assessment of treatment results in some cases; with a multiple sleep latency test in the evaluation of suspected narcolepsy; in evaluating sleep related behaviors that are violent or otherwise potentially injurious to the patient or others; and in certain atypical or unusual parasomnias. Polysomnography may be indicated in patients with neuromuscular disorders and sleep related symptoms; to assist in the diagnosis of paroxysmal arousals or other sleep disruptions thought to be seizure related; in a presumed parasomnia or sleep related seizure disorder that does not respond to conventional therapy; or when there is a strong clinical suspicion of periodic limb movement sleep disorder. Polysomnography is not routinely indicated to diagnose chronic lung disease; in cases of typical, uncomplicated, and noninjurious parasomnias when the diagnosis is clearly delineated; for patients with seizures who have no specific complaints consistent with a sleep disorder; to diagnose or treat restless legs syndrome; for the diagnosis of circadian rhythm sleep disorders; or to establish a diagnosis of depression.
---
paper_title: Theory and Developments in an Unobtrusive Cardiovascular System Representation: Ballistocardiography

paper_content:

Due to recent technological improvements, namely in the field of piezoelectric sensors, ballistocardiography – an almost forgotten physiological measurement – is now being object of a renewed scientific interest. ::: ::: Transcending the initial purposes of its development, ballistocardiography has revealed itself to be a useful informative signal about the cardiovascular system status, since it is a non-intrusive technique which is able to assess the body’s vibrations due to its cardiac, and respiratory physiological signatures. ::: ::: Apart from representing the outcome of the electrical stimulus to the myocardium – which may be obtained by electrocardiography – the ballistocardiograph has additional advantages, as it can be embedded in objects of common use, such as a bed or a chair. Moreover, it enables measurements without the presence of medical staff, factor which avoids the stress caused by medical examinations and reduces the patient’s involuntary psychophysiological responses. ::: ::: Given these attributes, and the crescent number of systems developed in recent years, it is therefore pertinent to revise all the information available on the ballistocardiogram’s physiological interpretation, its typical waveform information, its features and distortions, as well as the state of the art in device implementations.
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Title: Internet of Things for Sleep Quality Monitoring System: A Survey

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Introduce the concept of IoT and its relevance to sleep quality monitoring, including background information, significance, and the structure of the paper.

Section 2: Sleep Disorder
Description 2: Discuss various sleep disorders, their implications on health, and the necessity for monitoring these disorders.

Section 3: Sleep Quality Monitoring
Description 3: Explore the physiological parameters monitored during sleep, the methods used for monitoring, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Section 4: IoT Design Modelling
Description 4: Outline the architecture, components, and logical flow of an IoT-based sleep quality monitoring system.

Section 5: Future Research Trend
Description 5: Identify and discuss open issues, challenges, and potential future trends in IoT-based sleep quality monitoring.

Section 6: Future Research Plan
Description 6: Present a proposed future research plan focusing on a contactless sleep apnea monitoring system using IoT technology.

Section 7: Conclusion
Description 7: Summarize the importance of sleep quality monitoring, the benefits of IoT technology for this purpose, and the key points discussed in the paper.