Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Multidimensional Data Modelling: A Survey
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paper_title: Indexing of network constrained moving objects

paper_content:

With the proliferation of mobile computing, the ability to index efficiently the movements of mobile objects becomes important. Objects are typically seen as moving in two-dimensional (x,y) space, which means that their movements across time may be embedded in the three-dimensional (x,y,t) space. Further, the movements are typically represented as trajectories, sequences of connected line segments. In certain cases, movement is restricted, and specifically in this paper, we aim at exploiting that movements occur in transportation networks to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Briefly, the idea is to reduce movements to occur in one spatial dimension. As a consequence, the movement data becomes two-dimensional (x,t). The advantages of considering such lower-dimensional trajectories are the reduced overall size of the data and the lower-dimensional indexing challenge. Since off-the-shelf systems typically do not offer higher-dimensional indexing, this reduction in dimensionality allows us to use such DBMSes to store and index trajectories. Moreover, we argue that, given the right circumstances, indexing these dimensionality-reduced trajectories can be more efficient than using a three-dimensional index. This hypothesis is verified by an experimental study that incorporates trajectories stemming from real and synthetic road networks.
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paper_title: Building the Data Warehouse

paper_content:

From the Publisher: ::: The data warehouse solves the problem of getting information out of legacy systems quickly and efficiently. If designed and built right, data warehouses can provide significant freedom of access to data, thereby delivering enormous benefits to any organization. In this unique handbook, W. H. Inmon, "the father of the data warehouse," provides detailed discussion and analysis of all major issues related to the design and construction of the data warehouse, including granularity of data, partitioning data, metadata, lack of creditability of decision support systems (DSS) data, the system of record, migration and more. This Second Edition of Building the Data Warehouse is revised and expanded to include new techniques and applications of data warehouse technology and update existing topics to reflect the latest thinking. It includes a useful review checklist to help evaluate the effectiveness of the design.
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paper_title: Building the Data Warehouse

paper_content:

From the Publisher: ::: The data warehouse solves the problem of getting information out of legacy systems quickly and efficiently. If designed and built right, data warehouses can provide significant freedom of access to data, thereby delivering enormous benefits to any organization. In this unique handbook, W. H. Inmon, "the father of the data warehouse," provides detailed discussion and analysis of all major issues related to the design and construction of the data warehouse, including granularity of data, partitioning data, metadata, lack of creditability of decision support systems (DSS) data, the system of record, migration and more. This Second Edition of Building the Data Warehouse is revised and expanded to include new techniques and applications of data warehouse technology and update existing topics to reflect the latest thinking. It includes a useful review checklist to help evaluate the effectiveness of the design.
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paper_title: Requirements specification and conceptual modeling for spatial data warehouses

paper_content:

Development of a spatial data warehouse (SDW) is a complex task, which if assisted with the methodological framework could facilitate its realization In particular, the requirements specification phase, being one of the earliest steps of system development, should attract attention since it may entail significant problems if faulty or incomplete However, a lack of methodology for the SDW design and the presence of two actors in specifying data requirements, i.e., users and source systems, complicates more the development process In this paper, we propose three different approaches for requirements specifications that lead to the creation of conceptual schemas for SDW applications.
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paper_title: An MDA Approach for the Development of Spatial Data Warehouses

paper_content:

In the past few years, several conceptual approaches have been proposed for the specification of the main multidimensional (MD) properties of the spatial data warehouses (SDW). However, these approaches often fail in providing mechanisms to univocally and automatically derive a logical representation. Even more, the spatial data often generates complex hierarchies (i.e., many-to-many) that have to be mapped to large and non-intuitive logical structures (i.e., bridge tables). To overcome these limitations, we implement a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for spatial data warehouse development. In this paper, we present a spatial extension for the MD model to embed spatiality on it. Then, we formally define a set of Query/ View/ Transformation (QVT) transformation rules which allow us, to obtain a logical representation in an automatic way. Finally, we show how to implement the MDA approach in our Eclipse-based tool.
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paper_title: CASME: A CASE Tool for Spatial Data Marts Design and Generation

paper_content:

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) showed their insufficiencies in front of complex requests for decision-makers. Resulting of the association of the databases and the decision-making systems the decisional data processing was developed since the beginning of the 90th as a new way. The decisional databases thus emerged in order to answer the specific needs for OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP) and data mining. Extensions were made to make appropriate the analysis and the algorithms to specificities of the handled spatial data. This paper describes the modeling and implementation of Spatial Data Mart (SDM). We define a formal framework for the progressive construction of spatial data warehouses by assembling these SDM. Our approach includes a meta model for SDM construction. The construction is done in accordance with the UML meta model. After the validation step, construction is followed by an automatic generation of the spatial data mart in Spatial Oracle. A CASE tool, called CASME (Computer Aided Spatial Mart Engineering), constitutes the interface through which the user will have to carry out the process.
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paper_title: Multidimensional data modeling for complex data

paper_content:

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) systems considerably ease the process of analyzing business data and have become widely used in industry. Such systems primarily employ multidimensional data models to structure their data. However current multidimensional data models fall short in their abilities to model the complex data found in some real world application domains. The paper presents nine requirements to multidimensional data models, each of which is exemplified by a real world, clinical case study. A survey of the existing models reveals that the requirements not currently met include support for many-to-many relationships between facts and dimensions, built-in support for handling chance and time, and support for uncertainty as well as different levels of granularity in the data. The paper defines an extended multidimensional data model, and an associated algebra, which address all nine requirements.
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paper_title: Requirements specification and conceptual modeling for spatial data warehouses

paper_content:

Development of a spatial data warehouse (SDW) is a complex task, which if assisted with the methodological framework could facilitate its realization In particular, the requirements specification phase, being one of the earliest steps of system development, should attract attention since it may entail significant problems if faulty or incomplete However, a lack of methodology for the SDW design and the presence of two actors in specifying data requirements, i.e., users and source systems, complicates more the development process In this paper, we propose three different approaches for requirements specifications that lead to the creation of conceptual schemas for SDW applications.
---
paper_title: Requirements specification and conceptual modeling for spatial data warehouses

paper_content:

Development of a spatial data warehouse (SDW) is a complex task, which if assisted with the methodological framework could facilitate its realization In particular, the requirements specification phase, being one of the earliest steps of system development, should attract attention since it may entail significant problems if faulty or incomplete However, a lack of methodology for the SDW design and the presence of two actors in specifying data requirements, i.e., users and source systems, complicates more the development process In this paper, we propose three different approaches for requirements specifications that lead to the creation of conceptual schemas for SDW applications.
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Title: Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Multidimensional Data Modelling: A Survey

Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: Describe the significance of spatial data in decision-making, the emergence of spatial data warehouses, and the purpose of this survey.

Section 2: MUTLIDIMENSIONNA MODELS
Description 2: Discuss the various proposed spatial and spatio-temporal multidimensional models, focusing on their structure and functionality.

Section 3: The model of Stefanovic and al
Description 3: Present the spatial data warehouse model proposed by Stefanovic and al, including its features, methods, and evaluation.

Section 4: The model of Malinowski and Zimany
Description 4: Describe the MultiDimER model by Malinowski and Zimany, including its extensions for spatial measures, dimensions, and hierarchies.

Section 5: The Model of Miquel and al
Description 5: Discuss the approach by Miquel and al for integrating spatiotemporal data into geospatial data warehouses, highlighting their models and example application.

Section 6: The model of Bedard and al
Description 6: Present the method and tool proposed by Bedard and al for modeling generalization and multiple representations in spatial data warehouses.

Section 7: The Model of Bauzer-Medeiros and al
Description 7: Describe the multidimensional model proposed by Bauzer-Medeiros and al for real-time spatiotemporal data from road traffic systems.

Section 8: The model of Glorio and al
Description 8: Explain the extensions proposed by Glorio and al for traditional multidimensional models to introduce spatiality, including their UML-based implementation.

Section 9: The model of Bâazaoui Zghal and al
Description 9: Discuss the metamodel for building spatial data marts proposed by Bâazaoui Zghal and al, detailing its characteristics and components.

Section 10: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SPATIAL AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODELS
Description 10: Present a comparative analysis of the different spatial and spatio-temporal multidimensional models, evaluating them against specific requirements.

Section 11: CONCLUSION
Description 11: Summarize the findings of the survey, highlighting the gaps in current models and future research directions for multidimensional modeling.