A Systematic Literature Review to Determine the Web Accessibility Issues in Saudi Arabian University and Government Websites for Disable People
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paper_title: Web accessibility: a government's effort to promote e-accessibility in Thailand

paper_content:

"Web accessibility" was first officially introduced and studied in Ministry of Information Communication Technology in 2003. To support the idea of universal services (one stop for all), the government has been planning to develop an e-Government system that will provide all major services and official information on the internet (web based system). Since the issues to provide accessibilities for person with disabilities (pwds) become a major concern for modern information society. Accessibility becomes an important feature for all government websites, especially for websites that service to pwds. The preliminary survey on the government websites in 2003 showed a remarkably low standard of web accessibilities. Only 3 out of 267 government websites passed the test of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) guidelines on web accessibility. To support the promotion of web accessibility in Thailand, Assistive Technology Center (ASTEC) plays the important roles to provide necessary information and tools of web accessibility development for the government. This paper presents our works from the past to the current state of the project including: a development of the national guideline on web accessibility that is agreeable among web developers, a development of web accessibility evaluation tool, and a preparation of policy planning to promote web accessibility in Thailand.
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paper_title: Global e-government Web Accessibility: An Empirical Examination of EU, Asian and African Sites

paper_content:

Accessibility of government Web sites is an important factor for inclusion of disabled persons to be able to fully utilize a variety of government services and information. In this paper, we examine the levels of disability accessibility for a variety of e-government sites in the European Union (EU), Asia and Africa. The study was conducted in 2008, and the results showed that the vast majority of sites in both developed and underdeveloped countries did not meet either legal requirements or industry guidelines in providing fully accessible government sites. Sites located in countries with stronger disabilities laws did score better in the compliance levels. Through comparison of the results, it is concluded that for governments to meet the needs of their disabled constituents, they need to implement a multiphase approach to site development, including stronger legal mandates and establishing localized best practice guidelines. ::: ::: Keywords: Accessibility, Disability, e-government, WCAG, W3C
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paper_title: E-learning in Saudi Arabia: Past, present and future

paper_content:

The emergence of information and instructional technologies and their influence on teaching and learning has brought about significant changes in academic environment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The new learning trend has made it mandatory to equip teachers in educational institutions with the necessary skills to cope with the new challenges. The urgent need for e-learning in KSA has resulted from the massive population growth vis-a`-vis the scarcity of teachers in both quantity and quality, including the need to reduce financial burden. Since 2002, when e-learning started in KSA, it has gained recognition and interest among academic institutions, academics and students, though with a relatively slow pace. This paper takes into account the growth of e-learning in KSA. It analyzes the potential need and the overall impacts of e-learning on various stakeholders. The paper also discusses the current e-learning developments as well as future prospect.
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paper_title: Web Accessibility for Disabled: A Case Study of Government Websites in Pakistan

paper_content:

It is the era of information technology and governments around the world opting for electronic government and official websites are now under the use of a diverse population for the purpose of information retrieval. A number of disabled persons are becoming the part of this society but they are ignored when web projects are planned and developed. If this practice of software development is kept continuing then disabled persons would not take the advantage in the electronic government era. This study evaluates the websites of central government in Pakistan including all ministries and divisions using accessibility evaluation tools based on World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) web accessibility standards. Functional accessibility evaluator and total validator are the tools which are used for the evaluation process. The results shows that most of the web sites are not developed according to the accessibility standards for disabled persons. In the light of these results, recommendations are made to improve the accessibility of these websites for disable persons.
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paper_title: Evaluating Accessibility of Malaysian Ministries Websites using WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 Guideline

paper_content:

Although e-government practice in Malaysia shows considerable progress, accessibility of the government websites has been cited as the next key concern that deserves further attention. It is therefore essential to ensure greater compliance of the government websites with established web accessibility standards and guidelines. This is in line with an initiative to promote better delivery system of the government. In response, this paper reports accessibility status of 25 Malaysian ministries websites as outlined in Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0) and United States Rehabilitation Act 1973 (Section 508). Using AChecker and WAVE as automated accessibility evaluation tools, the results suggest relatively low compliance of the standards amongst the ministries websites examined. Further improvements are recommended, particularly on the contrast view requirement as well as the use of input and image-related elements. The report can be a meaningful guidance for webmasters to locate and address the errors accordingly. Fully complying with the stipulated guidelines, therefore, ensures equal experience among citizen on accessing government related information and services.
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Title: A Systematic Literature Review to Determine the Web Accessibility Issues in Saudi Arabian University and Government Websites for Disable People
Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: Introduce the importance of web accessibility, provide statistics on disabilities, discuss the treatises and legislation, and explain the focus of the paper on Saudi Arabia's government and university websites.

Section 2: WEB ACCESSIBILITY AND WCAG 2.0 GUIDELINES
Description 2: Briefly explain web accessibility and describe the principles outlined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0.

Section 3: LEGISLATION ON WEB ACCESSIBILITY
Description 3: Discuss existing laws and regulations concerning web accessibility in various countries, including Saudi Arabia.

Section 4: E-SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE SAUDI GOVERNMENT AND UNIVERSITIES
Description 4: Discuss different e-services provided by Saudi government and universities, the increase in internet usage, and the importance of making these services accessible.

Section 5: EXISTING RESEARCH STUDIES ON WEB ACCESSIBILITY
Description 5: Review existing research studies conducted globally and within Saudi Arabia on web accessibility issues and summarize their findings.

Section 6: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Description 6: Describe the systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, including the formation of research questions and identification of relevant publications.

Section 7: DISCUSSION ON WEB ACCESSIBILITY ISSUES
Description 7: Discuss the various web accessibility issues identified from the literature review and the factors affecting web accessibility.

Section 8: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Description 8: Summarize the findings of the paper, discuss the importance of addressing web accessibility issues in Saudi Arabia, and propose areas for future research.