From “hand-written ” to computationally implemented HPSG theories 1 Overview
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paper_title: A Web-Based Instructional Platform For Contraint-Based Grammar Formalisms And Parsing

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We propose the creation of a web-based training framework comprising a set of topics that revolve around the use of feature structures as the core data structure in linguistic theory, its formal foundations, and its use in syntactic processing.
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paper_title: Verb-initial Constructions in Modern Hebrew

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V erb -In itial C on stru ction s in M odern H ebrew by Nurit Melnik B.Sc. (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) 1993 M.A. (University of California, Berkeley) 1999 A dissertation subm itted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Andreas Kathol, Chair Professor Paul Kay Professor Johanna Nichols Fall 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
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paper_title: In search of epistemic primitives in the english resource grammar

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This paper seeks to improve HPSG engineering through the design of more terse, readable and intuitive type signatures. It argues against the exclusive use of IS-A networks and, with reference to the English Resource Grammar, demonstrates that a collection of higher-order datatypes are already acutely in demand in contemporary HPSG design. Some default specification conventions to assist in maximizing the utility of higher-order type constructors are also discussed.
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paper_title: On expressing lexical generalizations in HPSG

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This paper investigates the status of the lexicon and the possibilities for expressing lexical generalizations in the paradigm of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). We illustrate that the architecture readily supports the use of implicational principles to express generalizations over a class of word objects. A second kind of lexical generalizations expressing relations between classes of words is often expressed in terms of lexical rules. We show how lexical rules can be integrated into the formal setup for HPSG developed by King (1989, 1994), investigate a lexical rule specification language allowing the linguist to only specify those properties which are supposed to differ between the related classes, and define how this lexical rule specification language is interpreted. We thereby provide a formalization of lexical rules as used in HPSG.
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paper_title: A Computational Treatment Of Lexical Rules In HPSG As Covariation In Lexical Entries

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This paper proposes a new computational treatment of lexical rules as used in the HPSG framework. A complier is described which translates a set of lexical rules and their interaction into a definite clause encoding, which is called by the base lexical entries in the lexicon. This way, the disjunctive possibilities arising from lexical rule application are encoded as systematic covariation in the specification of lexical entries. The compiler ensures the automatic transfer of properties not changed by a lexical rule. Program transformation techniques are used to advance the encoding. The final output of the compiler constitutes an efficient computational counterpart of the linguistic generalizations captured by lexical rules and allows on-the-fly application of lexical rules.
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paper_title: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar

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This book presents the most complete exposition of the theory of head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG), introduced in the authors' "Information-Based Syntax and Semantics." HPSG provides an integration of key ideas from the various disciplines of cognitive science, drawing on results from diverse approaches to syntactic theory, situation semantics, data type theory, and knowledge representation. The result is a conception of grammar as a set of declarative and order-independent constraints, a conception well suited to modelling human language processing. This self-contained volume demonstrates the applicability of the HPSG approach to a wide range of empirical problems, including a number which have occupied center-stage within syntactic theory for well over twenty years: the control of "understood" subjects, long-distance dependencies conventionally treated in terms of "wh"-movement, and syntactic constraints on the relationship between various kinds of pronouns and their antecedents. The authors make clear how their approach compares with and improves upon approaches undertaken in other frameworks, including in particular the government-binding theory of Noam Chomsky.
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paper_title: An Open Source Grammar Development Environment and Broad-coverage English Grammar Using HPSG

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The LinGO (Linguistic Grammars Online) project’s English Resource Grammar and the LKB grammar development environment are language resources which are freely available for download for any purpose, including commercial use (see http://lingo.stanford.edu). Executable programs and source code are both included. In this paper, we give an outline of the LinGO English grammar and LKB system, and discuss the ways in which they are currently being used. The grammar and processing system can be used independently or combined to give a central component which can be exploited in a variety of ways. Our intention in writing this paper is to encourage more people to use the technology, which supports collaborative development on many levels.
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paper_title: The Grammar Matrix: An Open-Source Starter-Kit For The Rapid Development Of Cross-Linguistically Consistent Broad-Coverage Precision Grammars

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The grammar matrix is an open-source starter-kit for the development of broad-coverage HPSGs. By using a type hierarchy to represent cross-linguistic generalizations and providing compatibility with other open-source tools for grammar engineering, evaluation, parsing and generation, it facilitates not only quick start-up but also rapid growth towards the wide coverage necessary for robust natural language processing and the precision parses and semantic representations necessary for natural language understanding.
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Title: From “hand-written” to computationally implemented HPSG theories 1 Overview

Section 1: Overview
Description 1: Brief introduction about the potential of HPSG for computational implementation and the main focus of the paper.

Section 2: Type Definition
Description 2: Discuss the approach to defining types in TRALE and LKB, including the organization of type hierarchies and the glb condition.

Section 3: Principles
Description 3: Explain how HPSG principles are defined in LKB and TRALE, including their application and the differences in approach.

Section 4: Lexical Rules
Description 4: Overview of the implementation of lexical rules in LKB and TRALE, with emphasis on the "carrying over” of information from input to output.

Section 5: Exhaustive Typing and Subtype Covering
Description 5: Discuss the concept of exhaustive typing and subtype covering in TRALE and LKB, and their implications for HPSG implementation.

Section 6: Definite Relations
Description 6: Describe how LKB and TRALE handle definite relations, such as APPEND, and the integration of a programming language into TRALE.

Section 7: Non-binary Grammar Rules
Description 7: Explain the implementation of non-binary grammar rules in LKB and TRALE, focusing on handling rules with varying numbers of daughters.

Section 8: Semantic Representation
Description 8: Compare the modules for processing semantic representations (MRS in LKB and Lexical Resource Semantics in TRALE).

Section 9: Evaluating Competence and Performance
Description 9: Discuss the tools and methods provided by LKB and TRALE for evaluating grammar competence and performance.

Section 10: User-Interface Issues and Features
Description 10: Compare the user-interface features of LKB and TRALE, including hierarchies display, feature structures, syntactic trees, and command interactions.

Section 11: Conclusion
Description 11: Summarize the comparison between LKB and TRALE regarding faithfulness to "hand-written" HPSG and the accessibility of the implementation platforms for linguists.