A Survey of B2B Methodologies and Technologies: From Business Models towards Deployment Artifacts
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paper_title: A research manifesto for services science

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The services sector has grown over the last 50 years to dominate economic activity in most advanced industrial economies, yet scientific understanding of modern services is rudimentary. Here, we argue for a services science discipline to integrate across academic silos and advance service innovation more rapidly.
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paper_title: Process models and business models: A unified framework

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In e-Commerce, there are two fundamental types of models, business models and process models. A business model is concerned with value exchanges among business partners, while a process model focuses on operational and procedural aspects of business communication. Thus, a business model defines the what in an e-Commerce system, while a process model defines the how. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contents of business models and process models and to show how they can be integrated. We are using ebXML as a conceptual and notational framework for our approach. The theoretical foundations of our approach are based on the Language/Action approach and REA. We illustrate how our approach can be used to facilitate integration, process specification and process pattern interpretation.
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paper_title: Coordinating Web Services based on business models

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Coordinating Web Services dynamically revolutionizes how each business collaborates for its performance improvement, so that many IT researchers are recently focusing on them. In order to make the coordination really effective in business, we have to take viewpoints from business models. Though several specifications and approaches were proposed for the coordination, there are no clear relationships between them and business models yet. In this paper, we propose a framework for Web Services coordination based on business models. We have focused on integrating supports for business model management and Web Services based business application development. The framework provides two kinds of repositories for business model management and application development respectively. These repositories enable us to reuse existing models and manage relationships between them, so that we can rapidly reflect business model changes on Web Services coordination.
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paper_title: Y.: Comparing two Business Model Ontologies for Designing e-Business Models and Value Constellations

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Business models have been an important topic in various disciplines and particularly ebusiness. Yet, little research has tempted to compare and integrate the different business model approaches. This paper compares two business model ontologies, the Business Model Ontology BMO and the e3value ontology, for the design of business models and value constellations. For that purpose it introduces a framework that allows the comparison of different conceptual approaches to business models. The two ontologies are illustrated through a case study in the domain of rights music management. The outcome of the analysis is twofold. Firstly, it permits a better understanding of business model research. Secondly, it highlights the possible paths to integrate the two ontologies in order to improve the representation, design, and analysis of business models.
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paper_title: Understanding Business Strategies of Networked Value Constellations Using Goal- and Value Modeling

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In goal-oriented requirements engineering (GORE), one usually proceeds from a goal analysis to a requirements specification, usually of IT systems. In contrast, we consider the use of GORE for the design of IT-enabled value constellations, which are collections of enterprises that jointly satisfy a consumer need using information technology. The requirements analysis needed to do such a cross-organizational design not only consists of a goal analysis, in which the relevant strategic goals of the participating companies are aligned, but also of a value analysis, in which the commercial sustainability of the constellation is explored. In this paper we investigate the relation between strategic goal- and value modeling. We use theories about business strategy such as those by Porter to identify strategic goals of a value constellation, and operationalize these goals using value models. We show how value modeling allows us to find more detailed goals, and to analyze conflicts among goals
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paper_title: Transforming UMM Business Collaboration Models to BPEL

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UN/CEFACT’s Modeling Methodology (UMM) has been developed to analyze and design B2B business processes independent of the underlying exchange technology. It became the methodology of choice for developing ebXML business processes. Another technology for realizing B2B partnerships is Web Services. Currently, the business process execution languages (BPEL) seems to be the winner amongst the Web Services languages for orchestration and choreography. If Web Services is used as underlying exchange technology for B2B, the semantics of UMM business processes must be represented in BPEL. The goal of this paper is to verify whether BPEL is appropriate to capture UMM business collaborations or not. For this purpose we describe a transformation from UMM to BPEL.
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paper_title: Development of SOA-Based Software Systems - an Evolutionary Programming Approach

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A software application has strong relationships with the business processes it supports. In the analysis phase those parts of the processes in which the software system is applied by its future users are analyzed. Taking an object-oriented approach, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is often used to model the relevant aspects of the business processes. In the design phase these models must be manually mapped to the business layer of the software application. The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) offers a promising new approach: The business process is described in a programming language [1], i.e. a process language which can be automatically mapped to an execution language and executed by a process engine. This article shows how Programming in the Large can be practically applied in a software engineering process. The Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) is used as a process programming language. A BPMN description can be mapped to the widely accepted Business Process Execution Language (BPEL).
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paper_title: Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution.

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The article reviews the book “Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution,” by Michael Hammer and James Champy.
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paper_title: Choreography of ebXML business collaborations

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The ebXML framework consists of eight loosely coupled specifications for conducting e-Business. The choreography of ebXML business processes is defined by instances of the business process specification schema (BPSS). The BPSS is defined as an XML schema. It specifies elements describing the inter-organizational business processes, called business collaborations, but does not concentrate on intra-organizational business processes. Most of the underlying semantics were derived from the meta model of the UN/CEFACT Modeling Methodology (UMM). In this paper we describe the characteristics of ebXML business collaborations. We demonstrate how these concepts are captured by UMM and BPSS. These concepts must be supported by any proposed alternative business process interchange format in order to bridge between ebXML and other approaches, or even to replace BPSS.
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paper_title: Semantische Prozessmodellierung auf der Grundlage: Ereignisgesteuerter Prozessketten (EPK)

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A double life shaft seal includes a seal case and an elastomeric sealing annulus having first and second seal lips adapted to be sequentially contacted by a rotating shaft. A tensioned garter spring is initially located on the sealing annulus so as to bias the first seal lip into operative sealing engagement with the shaft to provide a first service life, the spring being positioned thereat by spring biased expanded constriction ring restrained against axial movement by engagement with blocking lugs on the seal case. After predetermined wear of the first seal lip, the constriction ring contracts in diameter and loses contact with the blocking lugs at which time the ring and the garter spring are axially shifted to a second position wherein the garter spring is located so as to bias the second seal lip into operative sealing engagement with the shaft to provide a second service life.
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paper_title: Conceptual modeling and specification generation for B2B business processes based on ebXML

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In order to support dynamic setup of business processes among independent organizations, a formal standard schema for describing the business processes is basically required. The ebXML framework provides such a specification schema called BPSS (Business Process Specification Schema) which is available in two stand-alone representations: a UML version, and an XML version. The former, however, is not intended for the direct creation of business process specifications, but for defining specification elements and their relationships required for creating an ebXML-compliant business process specification. For this reason, it is very important to support conceptual modeling that is well organized and directly matched with major modeling concepts. This paper deals with how to represent and manage B2B business processes using UML-compliant diagrams. The major challenge is to organize UML diagrams in a natural way that is well suited with the business process meta-model and then to transform the diagrams into an XML version. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of conceptually modeling business processes by prototyping a business process editor tool called ebDesigner.
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paper_title: Towards using uml 2 for modelling web service collaboration protocols

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In a web environment, graphical specifications of service collaborations which focus on the protocols of collaborating services are especially important, in order to attain the desired properties of interoperability and loose coupling. Different to modelling of generic software component collaborations, additional requirements must be considered, including security and transaction aspects, and the characteristics of specific target technologies such as ebXML and BPEL. This paper describes a UML-based approach for platform independent modelling web service collaboration protocols, which takes into account the specific requirements, and supports mappings to relevant target technologies.
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paper_title: An Implementation to transform Business Collaboration Models to executable Process Specifications

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UN/CEFACT’s Modeling Methodology (UMM) is a well accepted and formal notation to analyze and design B2B business processes. In a service oriented architecture (SOA) environment process specification languages like the Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS) are used to configure B2B information systems. However, mappings from UMM models to BPSS process specifications currently exist just on a conceptual level. This results in a gap between defined B2B processes and BPSS configurable e-commerce systems. Thus, a model driven code generation of BPSS descriptions is required. In this paper we present a technical implementation of a transformation engine that generates BPSS process specifications from a UMM model represented in the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) language. This implementation bridges the gap mentioned above. It has been used in the EU project GILDAnet to generate BPSS descriptions from logistic processes modeled in UMM.
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paper_title: The EEE-05 challenge: a new Web service discovery and composition competition

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With growing acceptance of service-oriented computing, an emerging area of research is the investigation of technologies that enables the discovery and composition of Web services. Using the same approach as the popular trading agent competitions (TAC), the EEE-05 Web services challenge is the first event geared towards the management of Web services. The competition solicits industry and academic researchers that develop software components and/or intelligent agents that have the ability to discover pertinent Web services and also compose them to create higher-level capabilities. This paper describes the competition details for this first year and expectations for future events.
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Title: A Survey of B2B Methodologies and Technologies: From Business Models towards Deployment Artifacts

Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: Explain the motivation behind evolving B2B methodologies from document-centric to process-centric approaches, including the role of SOA and its impact on B2B e-commerce.

Section 2: REFINING THE OPEN-EDI REFERENCE MODEL
Description 2: Describe the Open-edi reference model, including the business operational view (BOV) and functional service view (FSV), and explain the refined classification approach for B2B methodologies.

Section 3: BUSINESS-RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Description 3: Discuss various business-related approaches, differentiating between business models and business process models, and review notable specifications and methodologies.

Section 4: IMPLEMENTATION-RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Description 4: Review key implementation-related specifications, focusing on deployment artifacts such as business process specifications, workflow descriptions, and document schemes.

Section 5: ARTIFACTS
Description 5: Describe the path from business models to deployment artifacts, emphasizing the need for (semi-) automated transformation processes and the potential of service-oriented architectures.

Section 6: CONCLUSION
Description 6: Summarize the survey findings, highlighting the integration challenges between business models and technical implementations, and discuss the potential for semantics in bridging the gap between business and technology perspectives in B2B e-commerce.