A Literature Survey on Animal Detection Methods in Digital Images
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paper_title: Animal Situation Tracking Service Using RFID, GPS, and Sensors

paper_content:

With the technology of sensor, RFID, and GPS, many researches are recently being carried out on monitoring animal behavior and interactions with the environment. Plus, the technology is applicable to develop new zoological systems for animal trace ability, identification, and anti-theft. Yet, there is a lack of studies of providing zoos with intelligent animal tracking and management services based on RFID, GPS, and sensors. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose an intelligent animal situation tracking service for zoological gardens, based on GPS, RFID, and sensors. Firstly, we present a service scenario of animal situation tracking and introduce the tracking system configuration. The proposed system can provide real-time animal situation information such as the current location, bodily temperature, and pictures. Plus, it can track the animals based on the information even when they escape their cages. Next, we design and implement a prototype of the proposed animal situation tracking system.
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paper_title: Modeled gait variations in human micro-doppler

paper_content:

Measurement of human motion is important for security applications. One would like to observe humans unobtrusively and without privacy issues, and using radar provides one method to detect abnormal activity without using images. In this paper we focus on modeling the characteristics of human walking parameters in order to determine signature differences that are distinguishable and to determine the variability of normal walking to be compared to armed or loaded walking. We extract micro-Doppler from motion-captured human gait models and verify the models with radar measurements. We then vary the model to determine extent of normal micro-Doppler variation in multiple dimensions of human gait. We also characterize the ability of radar to determine gender and suggest that alternative views to the frontal view may be more discriminative.
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paper_title: Automatic detection of moving wild animals in airborne remote sensing images

paper_content:

Conservation of wild animals needs adaptive management which is a systematic process for continually improving management policies and practices by learning from monitoring results. However, there is not enough the population size information of large-sized mammals because of their large habitat area. Thus, it is expected to estimate population densities of large-sized mammals using remote sensing. However it costs hard labor to find directly wild animals by visual examination of remote sensing images. In addition, we may overlook some wild animals because remote sensing image is taken from above, not from side. To solve these problems we developed an algorithm for automatic detection of moving wild animals in the snow in airborne remote sensing images with 60 % overlap.
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paper_title: Neural network for LIDAR detection of fish

paper_content:

In this paper we present a neural network for detection of fish, from light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data and have described a classification method for distinguishing between water-layer, bottom and fish. Four multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) were developed for the classification purpose, where classes include fish, bottom and water-layer. The LIDAR data gives a sequence of intensity of laser backscatters obtained from laser shots at various heights above the Earth surface. The data is preprocessed to remove the high frequency noise and then a window of the sample is selected for further processing to extract features for classification purposes. We have used linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis for the feature detection purpose. The results show that the detection technique is effective and can do the required classification with a high degree of accuracy. We have tried our approach with four different MLPs and are presenting the data obtained from each of them.
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paper_title: A Dynamic RFID-Based Mobile Monitoring System in Animal Care Management Over a Wireless Network

paper_content:

Due to the increasing integration of animals into family lifestyles, animal care management becomes an important issue as animals have a direct impact on human psychological and physical health. Even though there are a lot of solutions, maltreatment of animals and risks in animal health are increasing as indicated in the newspapers and statistics. In addition, many identification methods are not efficient and user-friendly. In this paper, an RFID-based mobile monitoring system (RFID-MMS) is designed in helping users to better manage the animals in dynamic information retrieving, location tracking, and behavior analyzing over a wireless network. The proposed system, which is suitable for using in all animals unities, enhances the companionship between humans and animals.
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paper_title: A Limit to the Speed of Processing in Ultra-Rapid Visual Categorization of Novel Natural Scenes

paper_content:

The processing required to decide whether a briefly flashed natural scene contains an animal can be achieved in 150 msec (Thorpe, Fize, & Marlot, 1996). Here we report that extensive training with a subset of photographs over a 3-week period failed to increase the speed of the processing underlying such Rapid Visual Categorizations: Completely novel scenes could be categorized just as fast as highly familiar ones. Such data imply that the visual system processes new stimuli at a speed and with a number of stages that cannot be compressed. This rapid processing mode was seen with a wide range of visual complex images, challenging the idea that short reaction times can only be seen with simple visual stimuli and implying that highly automatic feed-forward mechanisms underlie a far greater proportion of the sophisticated image analysis needed for everyday vision than is generally assumed.
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paper_title: Performance evaluation of object detection algorithms for video surveillance

paper_content:

In this paper, we propose novel methods to evaluate the performance of object detection algorithms in video sequences. This procedure allows us to highlight characteristics (e.g., region splitting or merging) which are specific of the method being used. The proposed framework compares the output of the algorithm with the ground truth and measures the differences according to objective metrics. In this way it is possible to perform a fair comparison among different methods, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses and allowing the user to perform a reliable choice of the best method for a specific application. We apply this methodology to segmentation algorithms recently proposed and describe their performance. These methods were evaluated in order to assess how well they can detect moving regions in an outdoor scene in fixed-camera situations
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Title: A Literature Survey on Animal Detection Methods in Digital Images

Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: This section introduces the importance of research in animal detection, tracking, and identification for various real-life applications, highlighting key examples and the focus of this paper.

Section 2: METHODS FOR ANIMAL DETECTION IN IMAGE PROCESSING FIELD
Description 2: This section discusses various methods used in the field of image processing for detecting animals, including human eye detection, power spectral analysis, face detection approaches, and threshold segmentation methods.

Section 3: SUMMARY
Description 3: This section summarizes the challenges faced in developing animal detection algorithms, such as lighting problems, luminance issues, and complications due to moving backgrounds or static animals.