Reviewing Literature on Time Pressure in Software Engineering and Related Professions: Computer Assisted Interdisciplinary Literature Review
---
paper_title: Affective Arousal as Information: How Affective Arousal Influences Judgments, Learning, and Memory.

paper_content:

The affect-as-information framework posits that affect is embodied information about value and importance. The valence dimension of affect provides evaluative information about stimulus objects, which plays a role in judgment and decisionmaking. Affect can also provide evaluative information about one’s own cognitions and response inclinations, information that guides thinking and reasoning. In particular, positive affect often promotes, and negative affect inhibits, accessible responses or dominant modes of thinking. Affect thus moderates many of the textbook phenomena in cognitive psychology. In the current review, we suggest additionally that the arousal dimension of affect amplifies reactions, leading to intensified evaluations, increased reliance on particular styles of learning, and enhanced long-term memory for events. We conclude that whereas valenced affective cues serve as information about value, the arousal dimension provides information about urgency or importance.
---
paper_title: The Job Demands‐Resources model: state of the art

paper_content:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to give a state‐of‐the art overview of the Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) modelDesign/methodology/approach – The strengths and weaknesses of the demand‐control model and the effort‐reward imbalance model regarding their predictive value for employee well being are discussed. The paper then introduces the more flexible JD‐R model and discusses its basic premises.Findings – The paper provides an overview of the studies that have been conducted with the JD‐R model. It discusses evidence for each of the model's main propositions. The JD‐R model can be used as a tool for human resource management. A two‐stage approach can highlight the strengths and weaknesses of individuals, work groups, departments, and organizations at large.Originality/value – This paper challenges existing stress models, and focuses on both negative and positive indicators of employee well being. In addition, it outlines how the JD‐R model can be applied to a wide range of occupations, and be used to i...
---
paper_title: The speed-accuracy tradeoff: history, physiology, methodology, and behavior

paper_content:

There are few behavioral effects as ubiquitous as the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). From insects to rodents to primates, the tendency for decision speed to covary with decision accuracy seems an inescapable property of choice behavior. Recently, the SAT has received renewed interest, as neuroscience approaches begin to uncover its neural underpinnings and computational models are compelled to incorporate it as a necessary benchmark. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of SAT. First, I trace its history as a tractable behavioral phenomenon and the role it has played in shaping mathematical descriptions of the decision process. Second, I present a “users guide” of SAT methodology, including a critical review of common experimental manipulations and analysis techniques and a treatment of the typical behavioral patterns that emerge when SAT is manipulated directly. Finally, I review applications of this methodology in several domains.
---
paper_title: The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit‐formation

paper_content:

In connection with a study of various aspects of the modifiability of behavior in the dancing mouse a need for definite knowledge concerning the relation of strength of stimulus to rate of learning arose. It was for the purpose of obtaining this knowledge that we planned and executed the experiments which are now to be described. Our work was greatly facilitated by the advice and assistance of Doctor E. G. MARTIN, Professor G. W. PIERCE, and Professor A. E. KENNELLY, and we desire to express here both our indebtedness and our thanks for their generous services.
---
paper_title: Agile Methods: Fast-Paced, but How Fast?

paper_content:

What are the roles of time and time pressures in design and performance of agile processes for software development? How do we plan our rapid development activities given the constraints of due dates? What does it mean to be on ‘internet time’? Agile methods are meant to be fast-paced, but are they fast in an effective way? How do time-pressures influence the productivity of a project team and how do they impact the motivations of developers? This paper considers the time issues in agile approaches to managing software projects and posits research propositions to guide further study of this area.
---
paper_title: PROCRASTINATION , DEADLINES , AND PERFORMANCE : Self-Control by Precommitment

paper_content:

Procrastination is all too familiar to most people. People delay writing up their research (so we hear!), repeatedly declare they will start their diets tomorrow, or postpone until next week doing odd jobs around the house. Yet people also sometimes attempt to control their procrastination by setting deadlines for themselves. In this article, we pose three questions: (a) Are people willing to self-impose meaningful (i.e., costly) deadlines to overcome procrastination? (b) Are self-imposed deadlines effective in improving task performance? (c) When self-imposing deadlines, do people set them optimally, for maximum performance enhancement? A set of studies examined these issues experimentally, showing that the answer is “yes” to the first two questions, and “nO'’ to the third. People have self-control problems, they recognize them, and they try to control them by self-imposing costly deadlines. These deadlines help people control procrastination, but they are not as effective as some externally imposed dead...
---
paper_title: Impact of Budget and Schedule Pressure on Software Development Cycle Time and Effort

paper_content:

As excessive budget and schedule compression becomes the norm in today's software industry, an understanding of its impact on software development performance is crucial for effective management strategies. Previous software engineering research has implied a nonlinear impact of schedule pressure on software development outcomes. Borrowing insights from organizational studies, we formalize the effects of budget and schedule pressure on software cycle time and effort as U-shaped functions. The research models were empirically tested with data from a 25 billion/year international technology firm, where estimation bias is consciously minimized and potential confounding variables are properly tracked. We found that controlling for software process, size, complexity, and conformance quality, budget pressure, a less researched construct, has significant U-shaped relationships with development cycle time and development effort. On the other hand, contrary to our prediction, schedule pressure did not display significant nonlinear impact on development outcomes. A further exploration of the sampled projects revealed that the involvement of clients in the software development might have ldquoerodedrdquo the potential benefits of schedule pressure. This study indicates the importance of budget pressure in software development. Meanwhile, it implies that achieving the potential positive effect of schedule pressure requires cooperation between clients and software development teams.
---
paper_title: The Software Engineering Timeline: A Time Management Perspective

paper_content:

This paper addresses time management in software development processes. The rationale for this investigation stems from the observation that many of the problems associated with software projects, such as planning, time pressure and late deliveries, are time related. The analysis presented is based both on a literature review and on illustrations of data taken from our research on different software project management paradigms - mainly heavyweight and agile software development.
---
paper_title: Sources of errors in distributed development projects: implications for collaborative tools

paper_content:

An important dimension of success in development projects is the quality of the new product. Researchers have primarily concentrated on developing and evaluating processes to reduce errors and mistakes and, consequently, achieve higher levels of quality. However, little attention has been given to other factors that have a significant impact on enabling development organizations carry the numerous development activities with minimal errors. In this paper, we examined the relative role of multiple sources of errors such as experience, geographic distribution, technical properties of the product and projects' time pressure. Our empirical analyses of 209 development projects showed that all four categories of sources of errors are quite relevant. We dis-cussed those results in terms of their implications for improving collaborative tools to support distributed development projects.
---
paper_title: Speedy Delivery Versus Long-term Objectives: How Time Pressure Affects Coordination Between Temporary Projects and Permanent Organizations

paper_content:

In this study, we analyze how time pressure affects coordination between temporary projects and permanent organizations involved in public infrastructure projects. Prior research has shown that time pressure can yield both benefits and challenges to the realization of projects. Unraveling the challenges, we identify three interrelating factors that constrain coordination: the political context of public projects, time pressure within temporary projects, and the nature of transactive memory within permanent organizations. Our study offers a more comprehensive conceptualization of project coordination by including temporary project teams, permanent organizations, and the political context in the analysis. In doing so, we strengthen understanding of pacing by revealing how political pressure and political priorities increase the work pace of temporary projects, thereby constraining the coordination between fast-paced projects and slower-paced, permanent organizations. Finally, our study contributes to literature on strategic knowledge coordination by explaining how the differentiated nature of transactive memory across organizational settings inhibits timely coordination.
---
paper_title: Quasi-experimental method to identify the impact of ambiguity and urgency on project participants in the early project phase

paper_content:

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of gaming simulation as a research method in project management. Gaming simulation is used for identifying the impact of ambiguity and urgency on project participants' attitudes in the early phase. By ambiguity we mean lack of clarity of goals and objectives of the project. Urgency refers to time pressure, in the sense that the project has to be completed within specified time frame. The results of the experiments shows that ambiguity and urgency leads to three significant response patterns by the project participants 1) the tendency to overly focus on the technical solution, 2) the tendency to make unverified assumptions 3) significance rise to personal emotions, such as fear, diffidence, competitiveness and eagerness. The results obtained using gaming simulation as a research method are consistent with previously published studies. The paper concludes that gaming simulation can be used in project management research. Threats to validity and reliability can be controlled to a satisfactory level if the game design and configuration guarantee an adequate level of realism and insight.
---
paper_title: Decision making under time pressure: a model for information systems research

paper_content:

Abstract Time pressure affects decision making and, therefore, should be considered in the design of decision support systems. Although long recognized as an important variable, time pressure has received little attention from information systems researchers. A model of decision making under pressure is developed here. Drawing from existing theory and empirical research in psychology and human behavior, the model defines the role and relationship of relevant variables.
---
paper_title: Time pressure, task complexity, and audit effectiveness

paper_content:

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among time pressure (TP), task complexity (TC), and audit effectiveness (AE). It is motivated by the conflicting results reported in prior TP studies. Design/methodology/approach - The research hypotheses are developed using McGrath's interactional model of the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Data are collected using a two-treatment field experiment involving 63 public accountants. Findings - The results show a negative, interactional relationship among TP, TC, and AE. Research limitations/implications - The first limitation concerns the non-random procedure used to recruit public accounting firms and auditors. Second, there is the less than perfect operationalization of the TC construct. Practical implications - First, the findings suggest that public accounting firms may need to resist the urge to reduce the time allowed for performing compliance tests, and provide training to improve the detection rate for all type of compliance deviations. Second, the fact that the rate of change in AE, in response to changes in TP, is different for the two audit tasks studied, suggests that it may not be appropriate for audit planners to assume a uniform TP effect across the various tasks involved in an audit. This insight has implication for the trade-offs between the lower direct audit costs associated with tighter time budgets, and possible increases in audit risk associated with lower AE. Originality/value - Two unique aspects of this paper are the operationalization of TP as a continuous random variable and the use of
---
paper_title: Auditors' Efficiency Motivated Evaluation

paper_content:

Abstract This paper proposes an evaluation approach – “Efficiency Motivated Evaluation” (EME hereafter) – that auditors use in response to increased efficiency demands. EME is defined as discounting (emphasizing) negative (positive) audit evidence and making favorable assessments as the demands for efficiency increase. We propose that increased time pressure will exacerbate auditors' use of EME but that experience will mitigate this tendency. We conduct an experiment in which 83 auditors differing in experience evaluated internal control effectiveness under high or low time budget pressure. Consistent with expectations based on EME, auditors assess overall internal control effectiveness higher, and positive information about controls as more relevant, under high (compared to) low time budget pressure. Moreover, we find that less (compared to more) experienced auditors under high time budget pressure rate negative information about controls as less relevant. The results suggest the importance of assigning experienced staff to high time budget pressure engagements.
---
paper_title: The Effect of Deadline Pressure on Pre-Negotiation Positions: A Comparison of Auditors and Client Management†

paper_content:

This study compares auditors' and chief financial officers' pre-negotiation judgments and considers the potential differential impact the end of the audit (deadline pressure) has on each party. General negotiation literature suggests that individuals change their behaviors as deadline pressure increases (i.e., when there is less time in which to conduct a negotiation) in order to increase the probability of reaching an agreement. In an audit context, the end-of-engagement deadline is often based on regulatory filing deadlines (e.g., SEC filings for public companies), which are not determined by either negotiating party. The audit context is also unique in that there are asymmetric consequences for each party (the auditor and client management) for failing to reach an agreement and different negotiation tactics used by the two parties potentially leading to differing levels of concessions. We predict that auditors, who are in a stronger negotiation position, will generally concede less than client management when determining their pre-negotiation position and will tend to use more contentious strategies. However, such contentious strategies require time. Thus, we expect, based on negotiation theory, that as deadline pressure increases, auditors' concessionary behavior will be more affected than that of client management. Consistent with expectations, results of our experiment suggest that CFOs concede more than auditors in general; however, auditors are more reactive to deadline pressure and increase concessions when faced with high deadline pressure, while CFOs do not. We also measure planned strategy use and find results to be consistent with theory: when deadline pressure is high, auditors are less likely to use contentious tactics, while CFOs' strategy choices are unaffected by deadline pressure. These results suggest that characteristics of the unique auditor–client negotiation environment, such as deadline pressures, have potentially differential effects on both parties due to the differing negotiation strategies employed by these parties.
---
paper_title: Time Budget Pressure and Filtering of Time Practices in Internal Auditing

paper_content:

Unlike external auditing, to date, no study has been done to determine the internal auditors′ dysfunctional behaviour under time budget pressure. Consequently, determines the attitude of internal auditors towards time budgets, and the likely or perceived existence of time filtering practices in internal auditing. Presents survey results which indicate that a majority of respondents perceived time budgets as an interference with the proper conduct of the audit and conceded to a natural conflict between the essence of time budgets and the gathering of sufficient and competent evidence. The survey results further indicated the filtering of time to be a relatively widespread phenomenon in all areas of internal auditing.
---
paper_title: Time Pressure, Training Activities and Dysfunctional Auditor Behaviour: Evidence from Small Audit Firms

paper_content:

This study tests the association between time pressure, training activities and dysfunctional auditor behaviour in small audit firms. Based on survey responses from 235 certified auditors working in small audit firms in Sweden, the analysis shows that perceived time pressure is positively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour, while the level of participation in training activities such as workshops and seminars is negatively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour. These findings suggest that audit quality is at risk when auditors experience high levels of time pressure but also that auditors who frequently take part in training activities to a lesser extent engage in dysfunctional auditor behaviour.
---
paper_title: Are Lengthy Audit Report Lags a Warning Signal?

paper_content:

SUMMARY: In this paper, we summarize our recent research into the association between abnormal audit report lags (the length of time between the fiscal year-end and the audit report date) and the likelihood of future restatements (Blankley, Hurtt, and MacGregor 2014). We find that as the audit report lag increases, the likelihood of a future restatement increases, and this dynamic appears to be associated with the effect of time pressure on the auditor. We will first summarize the motivation for the study, then discuss the empirical methods used, explain our results, and conclude with a discussion of the practical applications to practitioners.
---
paper_title: The Impact of Perceived Ethical Culture of the Firm and Demographic Variables on Auditors’ Ethical Evaluation and Intention to Act Decisions

paper_content:

This study examined the impact of perceived ethical culture of the firm and selected demographic variables on auditors’ ethical evaluation of, and intention to engage in, various time pressure-induced dysfunctional behaviours. Four audit cases and questionnaires were distributed to experienced pre-manager level auditors in Ireland and the U.S. The findings revealed that while perceived unethical pressure to engage in dysfunctional behaviours and unethical tone at the top were significant in forming an ethical evaluation, only perceived unethical pressure had an impact on intention to engage in the behaviours. Country was also found to have a significant impact, with U.S. respondents reporting higher ethical evaluations and lower intentions to engage in unethical acts than Irish respondents. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed.
---
paper_title: Managed care, time pressure, and physician job satisfaction: Results from the physician worklife study

paper_content:

OBJECTIVE ::: To assess the association between HMO practice, time pressure, and physician job satisfaction. ::: ::: ::: DESIGN ::: National random stratified sample of 5,704 primary care and specialty physicians in the United States. Surveys contained 150 items reflecting 10 facets (components) of satisfaction in addition to global satisfaction with current job, one's career and one's specialty. Linear regression-modeled satisfaction (on 1-5 scale) as a function of specialty, practice setting (solo, small group, large group, academic, or HMO), gender, ethnicity, full-time versus part-time status, and time pressure during office visits. "HMO physicians" (9% of total) were those in group or staff model HMOs with > 50% of patients capitated or in managed care. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: Of the 2,326 respondents, 735 (32%) were female, 607 (26%) were minority (adjusted response rate 52%). HMO physicians reported significantly higher satisfaction with autonomy and administrative issues when compared with other practice types (moderate to large effect sizes). However, physicians in many other practice settings averaged higher satisfaction than HMO physicians with resources and relationships with staff and community (small to moderate effect sizes). Small and large group practice and academic physicians had higher global job satisfaction scores than HMO physicians (P <.05), and private practice physicians had quarter to half the odds of HMO physicians of intending to leave their current practice within 2 years (P <.05). Time pressure detracted from satisfaction in 7 of 10 satisfaction facets (P <.05) and from job, career, and specialty satisfaction (P <.01). Time allotted for new patients in HMOs (31 min) was less than that allotted in solo (39 min) and academic practices (44 min), while 83% of family physicians in HMOs felt they needed more time than allotted for new patients versus 54% of family physicians in small group practices (P <.05 after Bonferroni's correction). ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: HMO physicians are generally less satisfied with their jobs and more likely to intend to leave their practices than physicians in many other practice settings. Our data suggest that HMO physicians' satisfaction with staff, community, resources, and the duration of new patient visits should be assessed and optimized. Whether providing more time for patient encounters would improve job satisfaction in HMOs or other practice settings remains to be determined.
---
paper_title: Retention and job satisfaction of child welfare supervisors

paper_content:

Supervisors play a vital role in workplace productivity and organizational health, and are at the forefront of improving the capacity of the child welfare workforce. Yet there is limited research about their organizational longevity and satisfaction compared with child welfare caseworkers. This study uses data from 85% of supervisors statewide in a child welfare organization to describe intent to leave, supervision provided and received, and job qualities. Questions are: (1) what are the personal and job qualities of child welfare supervisors? (2) To what extent do supervisors report receiving and providing supervision, and (3) what personal and job qualities predict intent to leave among supervisors? Using bivariate and multivariate analyses, results showed that supervisors who receive more frequent supervision report lower levels of job stress and time pressure and more positive perceptions of organization leadership. These supervisors also reported providing more supervision to caseworkers. Greater time pressure predicted intent to leave among supervisors, indicating that there is an important balance between workload and resources in efforts to maintain quality supervisors.
---
paper_title: Shared time pressure at work and its health-related outcomes: Job satisfaction as a mediator

paper_content:

Job stressors at the occupational level have become a relevant issue in the field of stress research. Along these lines, the Healthy Work Organization model and the Job Demands–Control model have emphasized the relevance of job stressors defined as a collective construct such as time pressure. Nevertheless, empirical evidence on the potential negative outcomes associated with time pressure as a collective phenomenon and the mechanisms underlying these relationships is lacking. The Healthy Work Organization model posits work adjustment (e.g., job satisfaction) to be a potential mediating variable in the link between shared time pressure at the organizational level and poor health. This study examined the extent to which job satisfaction mediates this relationship in a sample of 367 professional drivers. Findings indicated that shared time pressure at the organizational level was negatively related to job satisfaction and self-reported health but not to sickness absence. Additionally, job satisfaction media...
---
paper_title: Time pressure, task complexity, and audit effectiveness

paper_content:

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among time pressure (TP), task complexity (TC), and audit effectiveness (AE). It is motivated by the conflicting results reported in prior TP studies. Design/methodology/approach - The research hypotheses are developed using McGrath's interactional model of the Yerkes-Dodson Law. Data are collected using a two-treatment field experiment involving 63 public accountants. Findings - The results show a negative, interactional relationship among TP, TC, and AE. Research limitations/implications - The first limitation concerns the non-random procedure used to recruit public accounting firms and auditors. Second, there is the less than perfect operationalization of the TC construct. Practical implications - First, the findings suggest that public accounting firms may need to resist the urge to reduce the time allowed for performing compliance tests, and provide training to improve the detection rate for all type of compliance deviations. Second, the fact that the rate of change in AE, in response to changes in TP, is different for the two audit tasks studied, suggests that it may not be appropriate for audit planners to assume a uniform TP effect across the various tasks involved in an audit. This insight has implication for the trade-offs between the lower direct audit costs associated with tighter time budgets, and possible increases in audit risk associated with lower AE. Originality/value - Two unique aspects of this paper are the operationalization of TP as a continuous random variable and the use of
---
paper_title: Do faster releases improve software quality? An empirical case study of Mozilla Firefox

paper_content:

Nowadays, many software companies are shifting from the traditional 18-month release cycle to shorter release cycles. For example, Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox release new versions every 6 weeks. These shorter release cycles reduce the users' waiting time for a new release and offer better marketing opportunities to companies, but it is unclear if the quality of the software product improves as well, since shorter release cycles result in shorter testing periods. In this paper, we empirically study the development process of Mozilla Firefox in 2010 and 2011, a period during which the project transitioned to a shorter release cycle. We compare crash rates, median uptime, and the proportion of post-release bugs of the versions that had a shorter release cycle with those having a traditional release cycle, to assess the relation between release cycle length and the software quality observed by the end user. We found that (1) with shorter release cycles, users do not experience significantly more post-release bugs and (2) bugs are fixed faster, yet (3) users experience these bugs earlier during software execution (the program crashes earlier).
---
paper_title: Sources of errors in distributed development projects: implications for collaborative tools

paper_content:

An important dimension of success in development projects is the quality of the new product. Researchers have primarily concentrated on developing and evaluating processes to reduce errors and mistakes and, consequently, achieve higher levels of quality. However, little attention has been given to other factors that have a significant impact on enabling development organizations carry the numerous development activities with minimal errors. In this paper, we examined the relative role of multiple sources of errors such as experience, geographic distribution, technical properties of the product and projects' time pressure. Our empirical analyses of 209 development projects showed that all four categories of sources of errors are quite relevant. We dis-cussed those results in terms of their implications for improving collaborative tools to support distributed development projects.
---
paper_title: Auditors' Efficiency Motivated Evaluation

paper_content:

Abstract This paper proposes an evaluation approach – “Efficiency Motivated Evaluation” (EME hereafter) – that auditors use in response to increased efficiency demands. EME is defined as discounting (emphasizing) negative (positive) audit evidence and making favorable assessments as the demands for efficiency increase. We propose that increased time pressure will exacerbate auditors' use of EME but that experience will mitigate this tendency. We conduct an experiment in which 83 auditors differing in experience evaluated internal control effectiveness under high or low time budget pressure. Consistent with expectations based on EME, auditors assess overall internal control effectiveness higher, and positive information about controls as more relevant, under high (compared to) low time budget pressure. Moreover, we find that less (compared to more) experienced auditors under high time budget pressure rate negative information about controls as less relevant. The results suggest the importance of assigning experienced staff to high time budget pressure engagements.
---
paper_title: Perceived time pressure and social processes in project teams

paper_content:

This study addresses the issue of perceived time pressure in project teams. The first purpose was to investigate how time pressure relates to job satisfaction and estimated goal achievement. A second purpose was to investigate how team processes [team support for the goal, cooperation and collective ability] affect the potential effect of time pressure. The study includes members [n=110] of 12 projects [six construction projects, five product development projects and one organizational development project] from four Swedish companies. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire and the response rate was 76%. Time pressure was negatively related, although slightly, to both estimated goal fulfillment and job satisfaction. The negative effect of time pressure was moderated by team support for the goal and collective ability in such a way that the negative effect disappeared. The findings remained after controlling for task complexity.
---
paper_title: Resources and time pressure as day-level antecedents of work engagement

paper_content:

This diary study adds to research on the Job Demands-Resources model. We test main propositions of this model on the level of daily processes, namely, additive and interaction effects of day-specific job demands and day-specific job and personal resources on day-specific work engagement. One hundred and fourteen employees completed electronic questionnaires three times a day over the course of one working week. Hierarchical linear models indicated that day-specific resources (psychological climate, job control, and being recovered in the morning) promoted work engagement. As predicted, day-specific job control qualified the relationship between day-specific time pressure and work engagement: on days with higher job control, time pressure was beneficial for work engagement. On days with lower job control, time pressure was detrimental for work engagement. We discuss our findings and contextualize them in the current literature on dynamic and emergent job characteristics.
---
paper_title: The Job Demands‐Resources model: state of the art

paper_content:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to give a state‐of‐the art overview of the Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) modelDesign/methodology/approach – The strengths and weaknesses of the demand‐control model and the effort‐reward imbalance model regarding their predictive value for employee well being are discussed. The paper then introduces the more flexible JD‐R model and discusses its basic premises.Findings – The paper provides an overview of the studies that have been conducted with the JD‐R model. It discusses evidence for each of the model's main propositions. The JD‐R model can be used as a tool for human resource management. A two‐stage approach can highlight the strengths and weaknesses of individuals, work groups, departments, and organizations at large.Originality/value – This paper challenges existing stress models, and focuses on both negative and positive indicators of employee well being. In addition, it outlines how the JD‐R model can be applied to a wide range of occupations, and be used to i...
---
paper_title: Overeducation and job satisfaction: the role of job demands and control

paper_content:

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how job demands and control contribute to the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach - – The analysis is based on data for Belgian young workers up to the age of 26. The authors execute regression analyses, with autonomy, quantitative demands and job satisfaction as dependent variables. The authors account for unobserved individual heterogeneity by means of panel-data techniques. Findings - – The results reveal a significant role of demands and control for the relationship between overeducation and job satisfaction. At career start, overeducated workers have less control than adequately educated individuals with similar skills levels, but more control than adequately educated employees doing similar work. Moreover, their control increases faster over the career than that of adequately educated workers with a similar educational background. Finally, demands have less adverse effects on satisfaction for high-skilled workers, irrespective of their match, while control moderates the negative satisfaction effect of overeducation. Research limitations/implications - – Future research should look beyond the early career and focus on other potential compensation mechanisms for overeducation. Also the role of underlying mechanisms, such as job crafting, deserves more attention. Practical implications - – The results suggest that providing more autonomy is an effective strategy to avoid job dissatisfaction among overeducated workers. Originality/value - – The study connects two areas of research, namely, that on overeducation and its consequences and that on the role of job demands and control for workers’ well-being. The results contribute to a better understanding why overeducation persists. Moreover, they are consistent with the hypothesis that employers hire overeducated workers because they require less monitoring and are more able to cope with demands, although more direct evidence on this is needed.
---
paper_title: Quasi-experimental method to identify the impact of ambiguity and urgency on project participants in the early project phase

paper_content:

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of gaming simulation as a research method in project management. Gaming simulation is used for identifying the impact of ambiguity and urgency on project participants' attitudes in the early phase. By ambiguity we mean lack of clarity of goals and objectives of the project. Urgency refers to time pressure, in the sense that the project has to be completed within specified time frame. The results of the experiments shows that ambiguity and urgency leads to three significant response patterns by the project participants 1) the tendency to overly focus on the technical solution, 2) the tendency to make unverified assumptions 3) significance rise to personal emotions, such as fear, diffidence, competitiveness and eagerness. The results obtained using gaming simulation as a research method are consistent with previously published studies. The paper concludes that gaming simulation can be used in project management research. Threats to validity and reliability can be controlled to a satisfactory level if the game design and configuration guarantee an adequate level of realism and insight.
---
paper_title: The active learning hypothesis of the job-demand-control model: an experimental examination.

paper_content:

The active learning hypothesis of the job–demand–control model [Karasek, R. A. 1979. “Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign.” Administration Science Quarterly 24: 285–307] proposes positive effects of high job demands and high job control on performance. We conducted a 2 (demands: high vs. low) × 2 (control: high vs. low) experimental office workplace simulation to examine this hypothesis. Since performance during a work simulation is confounded by the boundaries of the demands and control manipulations (e.g. time limits), we used a post-test, in which participants continued working at their task, but without any manipulation of demands and control. This post-test allowed for examining active learning (transfer) effects in an unconfounded fashion. Our results revealed that high demands had a positive effect on quantitative performance, without affecting task accuracy. In contrast, high control resulted in a speed–accuracy tradeoff, that is participants in the...
---
paper_title: Are Lengthy Audit Report Lags a Warning Signal?

paper_content:

SUMMARY: In this paper, we summarize our recent research into the association between abnormal audit report lags (the length of time between the fiscal year-end and the audit report date) and the likelihood of future restatements (Blankley, Hurtt, and MacGregor 2014). We find that as the audit report lag increases, the likelihood of a future restatement increases, and this dynamic appears to be associated with the effect of time pressure on the auditor. We will first summarize the motivation for the study, then discuss the empirical methods used, explain our results, and conclude with a discussion of the practical applications to practitioners.
---

Title: Reviewing Literature on Time Pressure in Software Engineering and Related Professions: Computer Assisted Interdisciplinary Literature Review

Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: This section introduces the association between time pressure and various psychological and physiological outcomes, presents relevant theories, and outlines the motivation and goals of the study.

Section 2: METHODOLOGY
Description 2: This section describes the methodology used to gather and analyze papers related to time pressure, including the search strategy, data collection, filtering process, and clustering techniques.

Section 3: RESULTS OF CLUSTERING
Description 3: This section provides the results of the clustering analysis, detailing the high-level categories of topics derived from the literature and their associated themes.

Section 4: OVERVIEW OF TOPICS RELATED TO WORKPLACE
Description 4: This section reviews the topics related to workplace environments, particularly focusing on software engineering, project work, auditing, and job satisfaction.

Section 5: Software engineering
Description 5: This subsection discusses the specific findings related to time pressure in software engineering, including its impact on various development processes and the relevant literature.

Section 6: Project work
Description 6: This subsection reviews literature concerning time pressure in different types of project work, including the implications for project management and the common response patterns identified in research.

Section 7: Auditors and Auditing
Description 7: This subsection explores literature on time pressure in the context of auditing, noting the similarities and relevance to software development, and summarizing key findings from the studies reviewed.

Section 8: Job Satisfaction
Description 8: This subsection reviews research on the relationship between time pressure and job satisfaction, highlighting the negative impacts observed and potential mitigating factors.

Section 9: DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK
Description 9: This section discusses the findings of the review, outlines testable hypotheses based on the literature, and proposes future research directions to validate these hypotheses within software development contexts.