Separators in Orthodontics: A Review
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paper_title: Buccal Separators for relief of TMJ Pain and Symptoms

paper_content:

Abstract A case report and extended discussion of a simple technique that is effective in relieving TMJ symptoms in some cases. The many questions raised by the clinical response to insertion of separators between some buccal teeth demonstrate the complexity of TMJ problems and the limitations of present understanding.
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paper_title: Perception of discomfort by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

paper_content:

The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of discomfort over time by a group of 70 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Patients who were selected for comprehensive orthodontic treatment completed questionnaires before insertion of separators and initial arch wires and after placement at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days. The level of discomfort during these time periods was assessed by a visual analogue scale. The results showed a significant increase in the level of discomfort after insertion of either separators or arch wires at 4 hours and 24 hours, but not at 7 days. No significant difference was found in the level of discomfort of patients more than 16 years of age compared with those 16 years and under. No significant difference in discomfort was found between the sexes. These results are useful in relating expectations of discomfort to patients who undergo orthodontic treatment.
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Title: Separators in Orthodontics: A Review

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Provide an overview of the purpose and importance of separators in orthodontics, emphasizing the initial step in banding and patient trust-building.

Section 2: History of Separators
Description 2: Discuss the historical development of orthodontic separators, highlighting key contributions and innovations from different researchers over time.

Section 3: Ideal Requirements of Separators
Description 3: Outline the essential characteristics that make a separator effective, comfortable, and practical for both orthodontists and patients.

Section 4: Uses of Separators
Description 4: Explain the main uses of orthodontic separators, including their role in the separation of teeth for band placement.

Section 5: Dumb-bell Shaped Separator
Description 5: Describe the dumb-bell shaped separator, its design, how it is used, and its effects on patients.

Section 6: Safe-T Separator
Description 6: Detail the Safe-T separator, including its unique features, the designs available, and its application in orthodontics.

Section 7: Kansal Separator
Description 7: Provide information on the Kansal separator, also known as the "2-in-1" self-secured orthodontic spring separator, and its advantages for both patients and practitioners.

Section 8: Pain Associated with Separators
Description 8: Discuss the pain and discomfort associated with the use of orthodontic separators and any findings or research on this aspect.