A Review Paper on Microprocessor Based Controller Programming
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paper_title: A Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Microprocessor Core Implementation for Microcontrollers

paper_content:

Microcontrollers are widely used on simple systems; thus, how to keep them operating with high robustness and low power consumption are the two most important issues. It is widely known that asynchronous circuit is the best solution to address these two issues at the same time. However, it’s not very easy to realize asynchronous circuit and certainly very hard to model processors with asynchronous pipeline. That's why most processors are implemented with synchronous circuit. There are several ways to model asynchronous pipeline. The most famous of all is the micropipeline; in addition, most micropipeline based asynchronous systems are implemented with single-rail bundleddelay model. However, we implemented our 8-bit microprocessor core for asynchronous microcontrollers with an alternative – the Muller pipeline. We implemented our microprocessor core with dual-rail quasi-delay-insensitive model with Verilog gate-level design. The instruction set for the target microprocessor core is compatible with PIC18. The correctness was verified with ModelSim software, and the gate-level design was synthesized into Altera Cyclone FPGA. In fact, the model we used in this paper can be applied to implement other simple microprocessor core without much difficulty.
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paper_title: A novel asynchronous pipeline architecture for CISC type embedded controller, A8051

paper_content:

Asynchronous design methods are known to have higher performance in power consumption and execution speed than synchronous ones because they just needs to activate the required module without feeding clock and power to the entire system. In this paper, we propose an asynchronous processor, A8051, compatible with the Intel 8051, which is a challenge for a pipelined asynchronous design for a CISC type microcontroller. The A8051 has special features such as an optimal instruction execution scheme that eliminates the bubble state, variable instruction length handling and multi-looping pipeline architectures for a CISC machine. The A8051 is composed of 5 pipeline stages based on the CISC architecture. It is implemented with RTL level languages and a verified behavioral model is synthesized with a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS standard cell library. The results show that the A8051 exhibits about 18 times higher speed than that of the Intel 80C51 and about 5 times higher than another asynchronous 8051 design in (H. van Gageldonk et al. Proc. Int. Symp. on Advanced Research in Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, p.96-107, 1998).
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Title: A Review Paper on Microprocessor Based Controller Programming
Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: Introduce the historical background, importance, and basic principles of microprocessor-based controllers, emphasizing their evolution and the advantages they offer over earlier systems.

Section 2: CONTROLLER CONFIGURATION
Description 2: Explain the essential elements and building blocks of microprocessor-based controllers, coupling hardware components with their functional roles.

Section 3: CONTROLLER SOFTWARE
Description 3: Describe the two main categories of controller software: operating software and application software, detailing their respective functions and significance in the control process.

Section 4: Operating software
Description 4: Detail the components and functionality of the operating software, including the operating system, task scheduling, I/O scanning, priority interrupts, and other essential tasks.

Section 5: Application Software
Description 5: Explore different types of application software used for various control requirements, and explain how software can be customized for specific applications such as building management and energy control.

Section 6: DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL SOFTWARE
Description 6: Discuss Direct Digital Control (DDC) software, highlighting its role in executing specific control actions, including key elements and various operators used in DDC programs.

Section 7: CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING
Description 7: Elaborate on the different categories of controller programming, such as configuration programming, system initialization programming, data file programming, and custom control programming, along with necessary procedures and considerations.

Section 8: CONCLUSION
Description 8: Summarize the importance of software in defining the behavior of microprocessor-based controllers, and discuss key factors influencing programming complexity and effectiveness.