A Review of Personal Communications Services
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paper_title: Personal Communications Services Through the Evolution of Fixed and Mobile Communications and the Intelligent Network Concept

paper_content:

New telecommunications services tend to consider fixed network subscribers' requirements as well as mobile network subscribers' requirements. On one hand, subscribers of fixed networks would like to benefit from the mobility offered in mobile networks. On the other hand, mobile subscribers would like to access to services inherent in fixed networks. Personal communications services (PCS) meet this trend while allowing fixed and mobile convergence. In this environment, the application of intelligent networks (INs) to fixed and mobile networks is very convenient to realize PCS. Thus, the natural advancement of telecommunications systems (fixed and mobile) consists in the definition of new telecommunications architectures which take into account technologies from both fixed and mobile environments. This article studies how the IN is used to support mobility and interworking for PCS. Although mobility management already exists in cellular networks like GSM, it is desirable to use the IN concept to introduce flexibility. In addition, the IN allows the introduction of new supplementary services in PCS. Furthermore, the IN concept can be utilized to provide necessary networking functions for the integration of fixed and mobile networks. This article also highlights the involvement of IN in the definition of the global communications systems such as Telecommunication Information Networking Architecture (TINA), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and International Mobile Telecommunications in the year 2000 (IMT2000).
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paper_title: Global development of PCS

paper_content:

A brief survey of international efforts to address spectrum and incumbency issues and implement new personal communications services (PCS) is presented. Worldwide frequency allocations agreed to in the 1992 World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC 92) are discussed. The development of personal communication services in European, Asian, and North American countries is reviewed. >
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paper_title: Network evolution to support personal communications services

paper_content:

Personal communications services (PCS) are a set of capabilities that allow terminal mobility, personal mobility, and service mobility. The PCS concept is part of such initiatives as universal personal telecommunications (UPT) promoted by standards bodes. PCS is generally segmented into low tier and high tier services, significantly lower in cost than today's cellular service, providing significantly more mobility than today's landline service, and having voice quality and feature sets similar to today's landline service. The paper addresses how communications networks may evolve in supporting the vision of personal communications networks (PCN) which is to create a single seamless network to provide services associated with a mobile individual or a personal identifier, and not simply a terminal. Specifically addressed are the evolution of two of the most common networks in the United States-the cellular and landline networks. Discussed are several new technologies that facilitate the creation of a PCN, among the most important are: SS7 signaling, intelligent network, digital switching, digital radio, portable terminal and operations support technologies. Also addressed is an evolution of wireless communications to broadband networks.
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paper_title: Toward a framework for power control in cellular systems

paper_content:

Efficiently sharing the spectrum resource is of paramount importance in wireless communication systems, in particular in Personal Communications where large numbers of wireless subscribers are to be served. Spectrum resource sharing involves protecting other users from excessive interference as well as making receivers more tolerant to this interference. Transmitter power control techniques fall into the first category. In this paper we describe the power control problem, discuss its major factors, objective criteria, measurable information and algorithm requirements. We attempt to put the problem in a general framework and propose an evolving knowledge-bank to share, study and compare between algorithms.
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paper_title: Personal communications networks bridging the gap between cellular and cordless phones

paper_content:

Today's cellular radiotelephone systems currently serve some 12 million subscribers but at average costs of $70/month for service, cellular remains a business, not a consumer, service. On the other hand, cordless phones are already a consumer product in over 40% of US households and annual sales of new cordless phones are already greater than sales of regular corded phones. Personal Communications Networks (PCN) providing Personal Communications Services (PCS) are designed to bridge the gap between expensive public cellular and private cordless services. In this paper we explore PCN/PCS topics including: a definition of the service, identification of the underlying technologies, and discussion of tradeoffs between the technologies. >
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paper_title: Personal Communications Services Through the Evolution of Fixed and Mobile Communications and the Intelligent Network Concept

paper_content:

New telecommunications services tend to consider fixed network subscribers' requirements as well as mobile network subscribers' requirements. On one hand, subscribers of fixed networks would like to benefit from the mobility offered in mobile networks. On the other hand, mobile subscribers would like to access to services inherent in fixed networks. Personal communications services (PCS) meet this trend while allowing fixed and mobile convergence. In this environment, the application of intelligent networks (INs) to fixed and mobile networks is very convenient to realize PCS. Thus, the natural advancement of telecommunications systems (fixed and mobile) consists in the definition of new telecommunications architectures which take into account technologies from both fixed and mobile environments. This article studies how the IN is used to support mobility and interworking for PCS. Although mobility management already exists in cellular networks like GSM, it is desirable to use the IN concept to introduce flexibility. In addition, the IN allows the introduction of new supplementary services in PCS. Furthermore, the IN concept can be utilized to provide necessary networking functions for the integration of fixed and mobile networks. This article also highlights the involvement of IN in the definition of the global communications systems such as Telecommunication Information Networking Architecture (TINA), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and International Mobile Telecommunications in the year 2000 (IMT2000).
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paper_title: Heterogeneous personal communications services: integration of PCS systems

paper_content:

Personal communications services (PCS) are being introduced to offer ubiquitous communication. In its first phase PCS consists of a plethora of systems that address cellular, vehicular, cordless phone, and a variety of other services. The integration of these different systems is referred to as "heterogeneous PCS (HPCS)". We describe the various PCS systems available and address in detail the issue of PCS systems integration. Key implementation issues for integrating PCS systems are defined and discussed.
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paper_title: Network architecture and signaling for wireless personal communications

paper_content:

A distributed microcellular architecture based on the IEEE 802.6 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is proposed, and is shown to meet anticipated personal communications service (PCS) needs. A method is presented to calculate MAN coverage in urban areas, and is used to demonstrate coverage of approximately 50 city blocks per MAN. A distributed subscriber database architecture is proposed to facilitate call setup, tracking of roamers and handoffs. To fully utilize MAN bandwidth, a quick method for the heat stations to switch on/off isochronous slots is proposed to facilitate adaptation to PCS traffic level variations. Call setup and handoff procedures are detailed. The PCS signaling overhead is calculated to be 15% of the capacity required to carry voice traffic. >
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paper_title: Comparison of signaling loads for PCS systems

paper_content:

We present a comparison of the control signaling load of two vastly different architectures for providing personal communication services (PCSs). One architecture is based on current cellular networks. The other architecture, called the wireless distributed call processing architecture (WDCPA), distributes processing from the mobile switching centers and cell sites and executes new procedures for tracking mobile users and locating mobile users to deliver calls. We determine the signaling load generated within each system to support mobility management and call control based on standard assumptions about the operating parameters of a cellular network. Our results show that, when compared to current cellular systems, for simple single-connection services, WDCPA has marginally reduced cross-network signaling loads. For multiconnection calls, WDCPA incurs 35% less total signaling load for mobility management, has reduced cross-network signaling load for mobility management by up to 65%, and depending on the user model (e.g., data or telecommunication), has reduced total cross-network signaling load, including procedures for call/connection and mobility management, by up to 55% when compared to current cellular systems, while more flexibly supporting services.
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paper_title: Intelligent network requirements for personal communications services

paper_content:

It is shown that a moderate set of capabilities within the service switching point (SSP), service control point (SCP), and intelligent peripheral (IP), which are the intelligent network (IN) components directly responsible for the real-time execution and control of end-user services, can engender a wide range of end-user personal communication service (PCS) features. These capabilities could be used as the starting point for an economic analysis of IN implementation costs versus service worth. From a very large target set of call model trigger check points (TCPs), the dozen or so identified in the CCITT Capability Set 1 are shown to be sufficient. The SCP and IP functional entity actions identified are also sufficient to support PCS core network functions. >
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paper_title: IN architectures for implementing universal personal telecommunications

paper_content:

This article focuses on architectures for providing universal personal telecommunications (UPT) service to wireline users. Although UPT services could be provided to users of wireless phones, thereby giving those users personal communication services (PCS), the wireline environment introduces certain important complications. Unlike "smart" cellular phones, which can register themselves and the user automatically, wireline telephones are unable to automatically detect and register a UPT user. UPT therefore includes a manual registration procedure to associate a PTN with the phone where calls will be received or placed. Also, unlike personal communications terminals that are typically used by only one person, wireline phones are likely to be shared among other users. Therefore, the network must keep track of who is using the phone, so it can provide the appropriate telecommunications services. It would be difficult or impossible to implement UPT as a switch-based service. Fortunately, an intelligent network (IN) architecture that is well suited for implementing UPT is being deployed by many local exchange (LECs) and interexchange carriers (IXCs). >
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paper_title: Intelligent network: a key platform for PCS interworking and interoperability

paper_content:

The Tl and TIA standards committees in the United States have worked jointly on the development of the first phase of personal communication services (PCS) standards, which were approved in December 1995. PCS systems based on these standards are currently under development. As these systems are deployed, the variety of wireless systems will grow, making interworking and interoperability a key challenge. This article provides an overview of PCS standards and explores how the different types of wireless systems (PCS and cellular) will utilize the capabilities of the intelligent network to provide seamless roaming.
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paper_title: Personal Communications Services Through the Evolution of Fixed and Mobile Communications and the Intelligent Network Concept

paper_content:

New telecommunications services tend to consider fixed network subscribers' requirements as well as mobile network subscribers' requirements. On one hand, subscribers of fixed networks would like to benefit from the mobility offered in mobile networks. On the other hand, mobile subscribers would like to access to services inherent in fixed networks. Personal communications services (PCS) meet this trend while allowing fixed and mobile convergence. In this environment, the application of intelligent networks (INs) to fixed and mobile networks is very convenient to realize PCS. Thus, the natural advancement of telecommunications systems (fixed and mobile) consists in the definition of new telecommunications architectures which take into account technologies from both fixed and mobile environments. This article studies how the IN is used to support mobility and interworking for PCS. Although mobility management already exists in cellular networks like GSM, it is desirable to use the IN concept to introduce flexibility. In addition, the IN allows the introduction of new supplementary services in PCS. Furthermore, the IN concept can be utilized to provide necessary networking functions for the integration of fixed and mobile networks. This article also highlights the involvement of IN in the definition of the global communications systems such as Telecommunication Information Networking Architecture (TINA), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and International Mobile Telecommunications in the year 2000 (IMT2000).
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paper_title: Intelligent networks: a key to provide personal communications services

paper_content:

Personal communications services provide communication services to any user anywhere, whichever network he uses, at any time and in any form. This concept could be symbolized by a small telephone used indoors (home, office) and outdoors (in the street). Such attractive features impose some requirements on the network. The intelligent network is a concept characterized by a flexible and open architecture. Thus, the intelligent network has been introduced in fixed networks to facilitate the development of new services and is being used to integrate mobility in this type of networks. The intelligent network has been also introduced in mobile networks to increase the flexibility of such network, allowing an improved services provision. As a consequence, IN shows efficient characteristics to provide PCS in fixed and mobile networks. Since PCS could be offered in fixed and mobile networks thanks to the IN, the future networks will have to consider this concept to propose personal services to the users.
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Title: A Review of Personal Communications Services

Section 1: Introduction
Description 1: Introduce the concept of Personal Communications Services (PCS) and discuss its significance and general features.

Section 2: Technological Evolution for Personal Communications
Description 2: Review the history and technological development of personal communication systems, including mobile radio, cellular telephone, and cordless telephone.

Section 3: Spectrum Allocation
Description 3: Discuss the spectrum allocation for PCS, including the decisions made by the World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC) and the role of the FCC.

Section 4: Mobility
Description 4: Explain the different types of mobility supported by PCS, namely terminal mobility, personal mobility, and service mobility, and their relevant functionalities.

Section 5: Standardization Efforts
Description 5: Explore the international standards and organizations involved in PCS standardization, such as ITU, ETSI, TIA, and Committee T1.

Section 6: Heterogeneous PCS (HPCS)
Description 6: Describe the concept and advantages of integrating different PCS systems, such as cellular and cordless telephony, into a heterogeneous PCS.

Section 7: Distributed Network Architecture
Description 7: Detail the proposed distributed network architectures for PCS deployment, including distributed microcellular architecture and Wireless Distributed Call Processing Architecture (WDCPA).

Section 8: Intelligent Network
Description 8: Outline the application of intelligent network (IN) concepts in PCS to provide flexible and cost-effective service provisioning and support seamless roaming.

Section 9: Conclusion
Description 9: Summarize the unique characteristics and benefits of PCS, and emphasize the importance of integrating wireless and wireline systems for ubiquitous PCS.