A REVIEW OF RECORDING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIGITAL FABRICATION IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION
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paper_title: A Dictionary of Construction, Surveying, and Civil Engineering

paper_content:

This A to Z is the most up-to-date dictionary of building, surveying, and civil engineering terms and definitions available. Written by an experienced team of experts in the respective fields, it covers in over 7,500 entries the key areas of construction technology and practice, civil and construction engineering, construction management techniques and processes, and legal aspects such as contracts and procurement. Illustrations complement entries where necessary and other extra features include entry-level web links, which are listed and regularly updated on a companion website. Its wide coverage makes it the ideal reference for students of construction and related areas, as well as for professionals in the field.
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paper_title: The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art

paper_content:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques deals with all aspects of materials, techniques, conservation, and restoration in both traditional and nontraditional media, including ceramics, sculpture, metalwork, painting, works on paper, textiles, video, digital art, and more. Drawing upon the expansive scholarship in The Dictionary of Art and adding new entries, this work is a comprehensive reference resource for artists, art dealers, collectors, curators, conservators, students, researchers, and scholars. Similar in design to The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts, this one-volume reference work contains articles of various lengths in alphabetical order. The shorter, more factual articles are combined with larger, multi-section articles tracing the development of materials and techniques in various geographical locations. The Encyclopedia provides unparalleled scope and depth, and it offers fully updated articles and bibliography as well as over 150 illustrations and color plates. The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques offers scholarly information on materials and techniques in art for anyone who studies, creates, collects, or deals in works of art. The entries are written to be accessible to a wide range of readers, and the work is designed as a reliable and convenient resource covering this essential area in the visual arts.
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paper_title: Close Range Photogrammetry: Principles, Techniques and Applications

paper_content:

This book provides a thorough presentation of the methods, mathematics, systems and applications which comprise the subject of close range photogrammetry, which uses accurate imaging techniques to analyse the three-dimensional shape of a wide range of manufactured and natural objects. Close range photogrammetry, for the most part entirely digital, has become an accepted, powerful and readily available technique for engineers and scientists who wish to utilise images to make accurate 3-D measurements of complex objects. After an introduction, the book provides fundamental mathematics, including orientation, digital imaging processing and 3-D reconstruction methods, as well as presenting a discussion of imaging technology including targeting and illumination, hardware and software systems. Finally it gives a short overview of photogrammetric solutions for typical applications in engineering, manufacturing, medical science, architecture, archaeology and other fields.
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paper_title: REPLICAS IN CULTURAL HERITAGE: 3D PRINTING AND THE MUSEUM EXPERIENCE

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Abstract. 3D printing has seen a recent massive diffusion for several applications, not least the field of Cultural Heritage. Being used for different purposes, such as study, analysis, conservation or access in museum exhibitions, 3D printed replicas need to undergo a process of validation also in terms of metrical precision and accuracy. The Laboratory of Photogrammetry of Iuav University of Venice has started several collaborations with Italian museum institutions firstly for the digital acquisition and then for the physical reproduction of objects of historical and artistic interest. The aim of the research is to analyse the metric characteristics of the printed model in relation to the original data, and to optimize the process that from the survey leads to the physical representation of an object. In fact, this could be acquired through different methodologies that have different precisions (multi-image photogrammetry, TOF laser scanner, triangulation based laser scanner), and it always involves a long processing phase. It should not be forgotten that the digital data have to undergo a series of simplifications, which, on one hand, eliminate the noise introduced by the acquisition process, but on the other one, they can lead to discrepancies between the physical copy and the original geometry. In this paper we will show the results obtained on a small archaeological find that was acquired and reproduced for a museum exhibition intended for blind and partially sighted people.
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Title: A REVIEW OF RECORDING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIGITAL FABRICATION IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION

Section 1: ANALOG TECHNIQUES
Description 1: Describe traditional survey instruments, hybrid techniques, and tools like the pointing machine and pantograph used before the advent of digital technologies.

Section 2: Photogrammetry
Description 2: Explain Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, its various applications, and case studies illustrating its use in heritage conservation.

Section 3: Hand Laser Scanning
Description 3: Discuss the method of hand laser scanning, its applications, and examples of its use in conservation projects.

Section 4: Lucida Scanner
Description 4: Detail the development, capabilities, and applications of the Lucida Scanner, especially in recording micro surface details.

Section 5: Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Description 5: Outline the use of terrestrial laser scanning, different types of scanners, and examples of their use in documenting and restoring heritage structures.

Section 6: DIGITAL RECORDING FOR FABRICATION
Description 6: Summarize the distinctions between subtractive and additive machining, and focus on how digital recording techniques are utilized in fabrication for heritage conservation.

Section 7: Lucida Scanning
Description 7: Provide specific examples of how the Lucida Scanner's results contribute to the recreation of micro surface details and the production of facsimiles.

Section 8: DISCUSSION
Description 8: Review the current and potential applications of digital fabrication techniques for cultural heritage, including different significant applications and the connections between various techniques.

Section 9: CONCLUSIONS
Description 9: Conclude the findings by summarizing how recording and fabrication technologies assist in the conservation of cultural heritage.