A Review of Selective Forwarding Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks
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paper_title: Lightweight defense scheme against selective forwarding attacks in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

In data-centric wireless sensor networks, the malicious nodes may selectively drop some crucial data packets, which seriously destroy the network's data collection and decrease the availability of sensor services. In this paper, we present a lightweight defense scheme against selective forwarding attacks. According to characteristics of easy positioning the nodes around transmission paths in a structured topology made of hexagonal mesh, the nodes around transmission path are used to monitor packet transmission of its neighbor nodes, judge the attackers' location and resend the packets dropped by the attackers. The method is effective in detecting selective forwarding attacks to ensure reliable packet delivery. Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme consumes less energy and storage.
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paper_title: Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks

paper_content:

Advances in processor, memory and radio technology will enable small and cheap nodes capable of sensing, communication and computation. Networks of such nodes can coordinate to perform distributed sensing of environmental phenomena. In this paper, we explore the directed diffusion paradigm for such coordination. Directed diffusion is datacentric in that all communication is for named data. All nodes in a directed diffusion-based network are application-aware. This enables diffusion to achieve energy savings by selecting empirically good paths and by caching and processing data in-network. We explore and evaluate the use of directed diffusion for a simple remote-surveillance sensor network.
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paper_title: A Novel Cooperation Mechanism to Enforce Security in Wireless Sensor Networks

paper_content:

In wireless sensor networks, how to detect the malicious nodes and prevent them from attacking the normal nodes has become one of the most important issues. This paper introduces a new mechanism in which the sensor nodes collaborate with each other to resist denial of service (DoS) attack and protect the being attacked nodes. A reputation-based incentive model for cooperation is also proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has low false alarm rate and can increase the chance of success in stopping the malicious nodes from attacking the normal nodes in wireless sensor networks.
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paper_title: Research about security mechanism in wireless sensor network

paper_content:

WSN has been widely used in many prospects, and more and more researchers at home and abroad are paying attention to this hot field. However, due to the deployment of environmental requirements and their conditions, most of the mechanisms used in traditional wireless networks are difficult to directly apply to wireless sensor networks. So, it is very eager to design a special wireless sensor network. This paper introduces wireless sensor network routing protocols and describes the security routing of wireless sensor network. Moreover, this paper has done deep research on SPIN. Finally, through the analysis of NS2 simulation, we prove that SPIN protocol is valuable in security performance evaluation and confidentiality.
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paper_title: GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks

paper_content:

We present Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), a novel routing protocol for wireless datagram networks that uses the positions of routers and a packet's destination to make packet forwarding decisions. GPSR makes greedy forwarding decisions using only information about a router's immediate neighbors in the network topology. When a packet reaches a region where greedy forwarding is impossible, the algorithm recovers by routing around the perimeter of the region. By keeping state only about the local topology, GPSR scales better in per-router state than shortest-path and ad-hoc routing protocols as the number of network destinations increases. Under mobility's frequent topology changes, GPSR can use local topology information to find correct new routes quickly. We describe the GPSR protocol, and use extensive simulation of mobile wireless networks to compare its performance with that of Dynamic Source Routing. Our simulations demonstrate GPSR's scalability on densely deployed wireless networks.
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paper_title: Denial of Service in Sensor Networks

paper_content:

Sensor networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale, real-time data processing in complex environments, helping to protect and monitor military, environmental, safety-critical, or domestic infrastructures and resources, Denial-of-service attacks against such networks, however, may permit real world damage to public health and safety. Without proper security mechanisms, networks will be confined to limited, controlled environments, negating much of the promise they hold. The limited ability of individual sensor nodes to thwart failure or attack makes ensuring network availability more difficult. To identify denial-of-service vulnerabilities, the authors analyzed two effective sensor network protocols that did not initially consider security. These examples demonstrate that consideration of security at design time is the best way to ensure successful network deployment.
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paper_title: Priority and Random Selection for Dynamic Window Secured Implicit Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Network

paper_content:

Problem statement: Sensor nodes are easily exposed to many attacks since it were deployed in unattended adversarial environment with no global addressing and used for critical applications such as battlefield surveillance and emergency response. While the sensor also needs to act as a router to relay a message to a required recipient, then this increased the vulnerabilities to a network layer. However, existing security mechanisms are not permissible to be fitted directly into any sensor network due to constraints on energy and computational capabilities of sensor node itself that require on the modification on the protocols that associated with the sensor node itself in order to provide the security. Approach: In this study, a Dynamic Window Secured Implicit Geographic Forwarding (DWIGF) routing protocol was presented which based on an approach of lazy binding technique and dynamic time on collection window and inherits a geographical routing techniques. Results: The DWIGF was intelligent to minimize a Clear To Send (CTS) rushing attack and robust against black hole and selective forwarding attacks with high packet delivery ratios because of selection of a failed node and an attacker was minimized respectively. Moreover, few routing attacks were eliminated since the routing technique used was classified as geographic routing. Conclusion: This novel routing protocol was promising a secured routing without inserting any existing security mechanism inside.
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paper_title: Lightweight defense scheme against selective forwarding attacks in wireless sensor networks

paper_content:

In data-centric wireless sensor networks, the malicious nodes may selectively drop some crucial data packets, which seriously destroy the network's data collection and decrease the availability of sensor services. In this paper, we present a lightweight defense scheme against selective forwarding attacks. According to characteristics of easy positioning the nodes around transmission paths in a structured topology made of hexagonal mesh, the nodes around transmission path are used to monitor packet transmission of its neighbor nodes, judge the attackers' location and resend the packets dropped by the attackers. The method is effective in detecting selective forwarding attacks to ensure reliable packet delivery. Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme consumes less energy and storage.
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paper_title: Achieving Network Level Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

paper_content:

Full network level privacy has often been categorized into four sub-categories: Identity, Route, Location and Data privacy. Achieving full network level privacy is a critical and challenging problem due to the constraints imposed by the sensor nodes (e.g., energy, memory and computation power), sensor networks (e.g., mobility and topology) and QoS issues (e.g., packet reach-ability and timeliness). In this paper, we proposed two new identity, route and location privacy algorithms and data privacy mechanism that addresses this problem. The proposed solutions provide additional trustworthiness and reliability at modest cost of memory and energy. Also, we proved that our proposed solutions provide protection against various privacy disclosure attacks, such as eavesdropping and hop-by-hop trace back attacks. Achieving Network Level Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks
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paper_title: A sequential mesh test based selective forwarding attack detection scheme in wireless sensor networks

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It is very difficult to distinguish between selective forwarding attacks and normal packet drops in wireless sensor networks. In order to detect selective forwarding attack effectively, we propose the sequential mesh test based detection scheme in this paper. The cluster head node detects the packet drop nodes based on the sequential mesh test method after receiving the packet drop reports. This scheme extracts a small quantity of samples to run the test, instead of regulating the total times of test in advance. It decides whether continue the test or not based on the test result until it obtains the final conclusion. We show through experiments that our scheme can provide a higher detection accurate rate and a lower false alarm rate than the existing detection scheme. Meanwhile, it requires less communication and computation power and shorter detection time to detect the selective forwarding attack nodes.
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paper_title: Detection of Selective Forwarding Attacks in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

paper_content:

Security is crucial for wireless sensor networks deployed in the military and other hostile environments. Due to the limited transmission range, a sensor node may need multiple hops of transmissions to deliver a packet to the base station. An attacker can launch the selective forwarding attack and drop a portion of packets for which it needs to relay while forward the rest. Selective forwarding attack is hard to detect, since packet drops in sensor networks may be caused by unreliable wireless communications or node failures. In this paper, first we describe an efficient scheme for reporting packet drops, then we present an effective scheme for detecting the selective forwarding attack in a heterogeneous sensor network. The scheme utilizes powerful high-end sensors and is based on the sequential probability ratio test. Our extensive simulations show that the proposed scheme achieves high detection ratio and very low false alarm rate.
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Title: A Review of Selective Forwarding Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks
Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: This section introduces Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), highlighting their structure, communication methods, and security vulnerabilities, particularly focusing on selective forwarding attacks.

Section 2: SELECTIVE FORWARDING ATTACK
Description 2: This section describes the selective forwarding attack in detail, explaining how malicious nodes drop or selectively forward packets to compromise the network.

Section 3: RECENT PROPOSED DETECTION TECHNIQUES OF SELECTIVE FORWARDING ATTACKS
Description 3: This section reviews various detection techniques proposed in recent years for identifying and mitigating selective forwarding attacks in WSNs.

Section 4: CONCLUSIONS
Description 4: This section summarizes the importance of detecting selective forwarding attacks and reviews the recent techniques discussed in the paper, potentially guiding future research directions.