A SURVEY ON MOBILITY MODELS FOR VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS
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paper_title: Modeling mobility for vehicular ad-hoc networks

paper_content:

Without realistic modeling of node mobility, simulation evaluation of performance of mobile ad hoc networks may not correlate well with performance in a real deployment. In this work, we present a new, realistic model of node motion based on the movement of vehicles on real street maps. Our model can be used with the ns-2 network simulator. We compare our model with the Random Waypoint mobility model, the most widely used mobility model. Results show that, in many ways, the Random Waypoint mobility model is a good approximation for simulating the motion of vehicles on a road, but there are situations in which our new model is better suited.
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paper_title: Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs

paper_content:

During the last few years, continuous progresses in wireless communications have opened new research fields in computer networking, aimed at extending data networks connectivity to environments where wired solutions are impracticable. Among these, vehicular traffic is attracting a growing attention from both academia and industry, due to the amount and importance of the related applications, ranging from road safety to traffic control, up to mobile entertainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self-organized networks built up from moving vehicles, and are part of the broader class of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Because of their peculiar characteristics, VANETs require the definition of specific networking techniques, whose feasibility and performance are usually tested by means of simulation. One of the main challenges posed by VANETs simulations is the faithful characterization of vehicular mobility at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, leading to realistic non-uniform distributions of cars and velocity, and unique connectivity dynamics. In this paper, we first present and describe VanetMobiSim, a freely available generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for networks simulators. Then, VanetMobiSim is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic
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paper_title: Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs

paper_content:

During the last few years, continuous progresses in wireless communications have opened new research fields in computer networking, aimed at extending data networks connectivity to environments where wired solutions are impracticable. Among these, vehicular traffic is attracting a growing attention from both academia and industry, due to the amount and importance of the related applications, ranging from road safety to traffic control, up to mobile entertainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self-organized networks built up from moving vehicles, and are part of the broader class of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Because of their peculiar characteristics, VANETs require the definition of specific networking techniques, whose feasibility and performance are usually tested by means of simulation. One of the main challenges posed by VANETs simulations is the faithful characterization of vehicular mobility at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, leading to realistic non-uniform distributions of cars and velocity, and unique connectivity dynamics. In this paper, we first present and describe VanetMobiSim, a freely available generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for networks simulators. Then, VanetMobiSim is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic
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paper_title: Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs

paper_content:

During the last few years, continuous progresses in wireless communications have opened new research fields in computer networking, aimed at extending data networks connectivity to environments where wired solutions are impracticable. Among these, vehicular traffic is attracting a growing attention from both academia and industry, due to the amount and importance of the related applications, ranging from road safety to traffic control, up to mobile entertainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self-organized networks built up from moving vehicles, and are part of the broader class of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Because of their peculiar characteristics, VANETs require the definition of specific networking techniques, whose feasibility and performance are usually tested by means of simulation. One of the main challenges posed by VANETs simulations is the faithful characterization of vehicular mobility at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, leading to realistic non-uniform distributions of cars and velocity, and unique connectivity dynamics. In this paper, we first present and describe VanetMobiSim, a freely available generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for networks simulators. Then, VanetMobiSim is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic
---
paper_title: Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs

paper_content:

During the last few years, continuous progresses in wireless communications have opened new research fields in computer networking, aimed at extending data networks connectivity to environments where wired solutions are impracticable. Among these, vehicular traffic is attracting a growing attention from both academia and industry, due to the amount and importance of the related applications, ranging from road safety to traffic control, up to mobile entertainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self-organized networks built up from moving vehicles, and are part of the broader class of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Because of their peculiar characteristics, VANETs require the definition of specific networking techniques, whose feasibility and performance are usually tested by means of simulation. One of the main challenges posed by VANETs simulations is the faithful characterization of vehicular mobility at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, leading to realistic non-uniform distributions of cars and velocity, and unique connectivity dynamics. In this paper, we first present and describe VanetMobiSim, a freely available generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for networks simulators. Then, VanetMobiSim is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic
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paper_title: Rate of location area updates in cellular systems

paper_content:

The problem of keeping track of the location of moving subscriber terminals in cellular systems is discussed. A vehicle traffic model is developed on the basis of realistic relationships between important traffic parameters: speed, density and volume. Results for various traffic conditions were obtained for ideal and real street maps and compared with the uniform traffic model. Observations are made about when the uniform traffic model is sufficient. >
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paper_title: Congested traffic states in empirical observations and microscopic simulations, Phys

paper_content:

We present data from several German freeways showing different kinds of congested traffic forming near road inhomogeneities, specifically lane closings, intersections, or uphill gradients. The states are localized or extended, homogeneous or oscillating. Combined states are observed as well, like the coexistence of moving localized clusters and clusters pinned at road inhomogeneities, or regions of oscillating congested traffic upstream of nearly homogeneous congested traffic. The experimental findings are consistent with a recently proposed theoretical phase diagram for traffic near on-ramps [D. Helbing, A. Hennecke, and M. Treiber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4360 (1999)]. We simulate these situations with a continuous microscopic single-lane model, the ``intelligent driver model,'' using empirical boundary conditions. All observations, including the coexistence of states, are qualitatively reproduced by describing inhomogeneities with local variations of one model parameter. We show that the results of the microscopic model can be understood by formulating the theoretical phase diagram for bottlenecks in a more general way. In particular, a local drop of the road capacity induced by parameter variations has essentially the same effect as an on-ramp.
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paper_title: Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs

paper_content:

During the last few years, continuous progresses in wireless communications have opened new research fields in computer networking, aimed at extending data networks connectivity to environments where wired solutions are impracticable. Among these, vehicular traffic is attracting a growing attention from both academia and industry, due to the amount and importance of the related applications, ranging from road safety to traffic control, up to mobile entertainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self-organized networks built up from moving vehicles, and are part of the broader class of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Because of their peculiar characteristics, VANETs require the definition of specific networking techniques, whose feasibility and performance are usually tested by means of simulation. One of the main challenges posed by VANETs simulations is the faithful characterization of vehicular mobility at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, leading to realistic non-uniform distributions of cars and velocity, and unique connectivity dynamics. In this paper, we first present and describe VanetMobiSim, a freely available generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for networks simulators. Then, VanetMobiSim is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic
---
paper_title: Vehicular Mobility Simulation for VANETs

paper_content:

During the last few years, continuous progresses in wireless communications have opened new research fields in computer networking, aimed at extending data networks connectivity to environments where wired solutions are impracticable. Among these, vehicular traffic is attracting a growing attention from both academia and industry, due to the amount and importance of the related applications, ranging from road safety to traffic control, up to mobile entertainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self-organized networks built up from moving vehicles, and are part of the broader class of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Because of their peculiar characteristics, VANETs require the definition of specific networking techniques, whose feasibility and performance are usually tested by means of simulation. One of the main challenges posed by VANETs simulations is the faithful characterization of vehicular mobility at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, leading to realistic non-uniform distributions of cars and velocity, and unique connectivity dynamics. In this paper, we first present and describe VanetMobiSim, a freely available generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for networks simulators. Then, VanetMobiSim is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic
---
paper_title: Mobility models for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey and taxonomy

paper_content:

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have been recently attracting an increasing attention from both research and industry communities. One of the challenges posed by the study of VANETs is the definition of a vehicular mobility model providing an accurate and realistic vehicular mobility description at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Another challenge is to be able to dynamically alter this vehicular mobility as a consequence of the vehicular communication protocols. Many mobility models have been developed by the community in order to solve these two issues. However, due to the large number of available models claiming to be adapted to vehicular traffic, and also due to their different and somehow incomparable features, understanding their true characteristics, their degree of realism with respect to vehicular mobility, and real capabilities is a hard task. In this survey, we first introduce a framework that proposes a guideline for the generation of vehicular mobility models. Then, we illustrate the different approaches chosen by the community for the development of vehicular mobility models and their interactions with network simulators. Finally, we propose an overview and taxonomy of a large range of mobility models available for vehicular ad hoc networks. The objective is to provide readers with a guideline to easily understand and objectively compare the different models, and eventually identify the one required for their needs.
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paper_title: Mobility models for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey and taxonomy

paper_content:

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have been recently attracting an increasing attention from both research and industry communities. One of the challenges posed by the study of VANETs is the definition of a vehicular mobility model providing an accurate and realistic vehicular mobility description at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Another challenge is to be able to dynamically alter this vehicular mobility as a consequence of the vehicular communication protocols. Many mobility models have been developed by the community in order to solve these two issues. However, due to the large number of available models claiming to be adapted to vehicular traffic, and also due to their different and somehow incomparable features, understanding their true characteristics, their degree of realism with respect to vehicular mobility, and real capabilities is a hard task. In this survey, we first introduce a framework that proposes a guideline for the generation of vehicular mobility models. Then, we illustrate the different approaches chosen by the community for the development of vehicular mobility models and their interactions with network simulators. Finally, we propose an overview and taxonomy of a large range of mobility models available for vehicular ad hoc networks. The objective is to provide readers with a guideline to easily understand and objectively compare the different models, and eventually identify the one required for their needs.
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paper_title: STRAW - An Integrated Mobility and Traffic Model for VANETs

paper_content:

Abstract : Ad-hoc wireless communication among highly dynamic, mobile nodes in a urban network is a critical capability for a wide range of important applications including automated vehicles, real-time traffic monitoring, and battleground communication. When evaluating application performance through simulation, a realistic mobility model for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is critical for accurate results. This technical report discusses the implementation of STRAW, a new mobility model for VANETs in which nodes move according to a realistic vehicular traffic model on roads defined by real street map data. The challenge is to create a traffic model that accounts for individual vehicle motion without incurring significant overhead relative to the cost of performing the wireless network simulation. We identify essential and optional techniques for modeling vehicular motion that can be integrated into any wireless network simulator. We then detail choices we made in implementing STRAW.
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paper_title: STRAW - An Integrated Mobility and Traffic Model for VANETs

paper_content:

Abstract : Ad-hoc wireless communication among highly dynamic, mobile nodes in a urban network is a critical capability for a wide range of important applications including automated vehicles, real-time traffic monitoring, and battleground communication. When evaluating application performance through simulation, a realistic mobility model for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is critical for accurate results. This technical report discusses the implementation of STRAW, a new mobility model for VANETs in which nodes move according to a realistic vehicular traffic model on roads defined by real street map data. The challenge is to create a traffic model that accounts for individual vehicle motion without incurring significant overhead relative to the cost of performing the wireless network simulation. We identify essential and optional techniques for modeling vehicular motion that can be integrated into any wireless network simulator. We then detail choices we made in implementing STRAW.
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<format>
Title: A SURVEY ON MOBILITY MODELS FOR VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS

Section 1: INTRODUCTION
Description 1: Provide an introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), their characteristics, and the significance of mobility management in VANETs.

Section 2: OVERVIEW
Description 2: Offer an overview of mobility models in VANETs, their importance, and the major components of these models.

Section 3: MOBILITY
Description 3: Discuss factors affecting mobility in vehicular networks.

Section 4: VEHICULAR MOBILITY FEATURES
Description 4: Describe macro-mobility and micro-mobility features, which include road topology, vehicular characteristics, and movement patterns.

Section 5: VEHICULAR MOBILITY MODELS
Description 5: Classify and elaborate on different vehicular mobility models, including synthetic, survey-based, trace-based, and traffic simulator-based models.

Section 6: Urban Vehicular Mobility Models
Description 6: Explain urban vehicular mobility models that emphasize street factors, stop signs, and traffic lights.

Section 7: CONCLUSIONS
Description 7: Summarize the survey findings, the importance of realistic mobility models in VANET simulations, and the need for further research.
</format>
