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A chat on subreddit /r/NoStupidQuestions
human
Before 2009, you mean, and only after 2001. He was an independent from 2011 to 2012, Reform party 1999-2001, and Republican the rest of the time, at least from 1987 on

Edit: corrected

Edit 2: sorry, overlooked the Republican membership noted

Edit 3: I'm done now.
gpt
Thank you for the correction