system
A chat on subreddit /r/wallstreetbets
human
Max pain is a variable of current price though.  The cost of moving it by buying all the open volume to 12 would probably be more than what the mm loses from a bad finish.  Losing being a relative term, they still made money.

gpt
Thanks for putting this out there. It baffles me when people talk of max pain as some absolute force, divorced from market share price.