The Escherichia coli endonuclease III (Nth-Eco) protein is involved in the removal of damaged pyrimidine residues from DNA by base excision repair. It is an iron-sulphur enzyme possessing both DNA glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic lyase activities. A database homology search identified an open reading frame in genomic sequences of Schizosaccharomyces pombe which encodes a protein highly similar to Nth-Eco. The gene has been subcloned in an expression vector and the protein purified to apparent homogeneity. The S.pombe Nth homologue (Nth-Spo) is a 40.2 kDa protein of 355 amino acids. Nth-Spo possesses glycosylase activity on different types of DNA substrates with pyrimidine damage, being able to release both urea and thymine glycol from double-stranded polymers. The eukaryotic protein removes urea more efficiently than the prokaryotic enzyme, whereas its efficiency in excising thymine glycol is lower. A nicking assay was used to show that the enzyme also exhibits an AP lyase activity on UV- and gamma-irradiated DNA substrates. These findings show that Nth protein is structurally and functionally conserved from bacteria to fission yeast.