We used as study methods of retro-pyelic artery: dissection on adult human bodies and on human fetuses, injection of plastic material followed by corrosion and the study of selective and total renal nephroangiography. We've studied the origin, the termination way and vascularization territory of retro-pyelic artery on 208 cases. We found retro-pyelic artery origin to have 3 arterial sources: as terminal branch of renal artery (58.65%); from pre-pyelic artery (40.38%) and as supplementary renal artery from aorta (0.96%). Although, usually retro-pyelic artery trajectory is arcade like, we found this aspect in 38.46% cases. In 19.71% cases the trajectory has an italic "S" or double arcade aspect, in 31.73% cases, retro-pyelic artery is terminated by bifurcation, trifurcation in 9.13% cases and ramification in four branches in only 0.96% cases. Regardless of it's aspect, in most of the cases (31.73%), retro-pyelic artery branches vascularize the posterior half of the kidney, in 28.36% cases, just the posterior middle part of the kidney and in the remaining cases does not vascularize the superior pole (18.75%) or the inferior pole (21.15%).