The fission yeast  Schizosaccharomyces   pombe  serves as a good genetic model organism for the molecular dissection of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. However, analysis of the number and distribution of individual MTs throughout the cell cycle, particularly during mitosis, in living cells is still lacking, making quantitative modelling imprecise. We use quantitative fluorescent imaging and analysis to measure the changes in tubulin concentration and MT number and distribution throughout the cell cycle at a single MT resolution in living cells. In the wild-type cell, both mother and daughter spindle pole body (SPB) nucleate a maximum of 23 ± 6 MTs at the onset of mitosis, which decreases to a minimum of 4 ± 1 MTs at spindle break down. Interphase MT bundles, astral MT bundles, and the post anaphase array (PAA) microtubules are composed primarily of 1 ± 1 individual MT along their lengths. We measure the cellular concentration of αβ-tubulin subunits to be ~5 µM throughout the cell cycle, of which one-third is in polymer form during interphase and one-quarter is in polymer form during mitosis. This analysis provides a definitive characterization of αβ-tubulin concentration and MT number and distribution in fission yeast and establishes a foundation for future quantitative comparison of mutants defective in MTs.