These reproductive strategies are examples of asexual reproduction, which produces offspring genetically identical to the parent (that is, to the original starfish or cactus).
Trees send out rootlike extensions that produce new stems is an example of asexual reproduction.
Trees<>send<>out<>rootlike extensions that produce new stems$$$rootlike extensions<>produce<>new stems$$$Trees send out rootlike extensions<>is<>an example of asexual reproduction