text: A 2011 meta-analytical review consisted of two RCTs, one a 1999 study done in New York and the other a 2001 study done in North Carolina, found that outpatient commitment "results in no significant difference in service use, social functioning or quality of life compared with standard care." The conclusions in 2017 Cochrane Review are mainly unchanged but the authors add that short periods of conditional leave may be as effective (or non-effective) as formal compulsory treatment in the community.