Department of State Publication 10136  Office of the Secretary
Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism     International
terrorism in Europe increased in 1993, primarily because of
attacks by the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) on Turkish targets
throughout Western Europe. No Americans died in any attacks
during the year, although one American was kidnapped and
eventually released by the PKK in Turkey. The Provisional Irish
Republican Army (PIRA) and Loyalist paramilitaries continued
their violent activity in the United Kingdom, mostly against
domestic targets in Northern Ireland. In Spain, the Basque
Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) continued its attacks as well.
Elsewhere, leftwing groups such as Germany's Red Army Faction
(RAF) and Italy's Red Brigades showed renewed signs of activity;
the RAF undertook its first terrorist operation in two years.
Eastern Europe  Anarchist and skinhead groups in Eastern Europe,
particularly in Poland and the Czech Republic, have engaged in
violent demonstrations and clash