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Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the state of
the kidney and its role in renal physiology. Glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) describes the flow rate of filtered fluid
through the kidney. Creatinine clearance rate (CCr or CrCl) is
the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per
unit time and is a useful measure for approximating the GFR.
Creatinine clearance exceeds GFR due to creatinine secretion,
which can be blocked by cimetidine. In alternative fashion,
overestimation by older serum creatinine methods resulted in an
underestimation of creatinine clearance, which provided a less
biased estimate of GFR. Both GFR and CCr may be accurately
calculated by comparative measurements of substances in the
blood and urine, or estimated by formulas using just a blood
test result (eGFR and eCCr).  The results of these tests are
important in assessing the excretory f