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Up-regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in menthol
cigarette smokers  One-third of smokers primarily use menthol
cigarettes and usage of these cigarettes leads to elevated serum
nicotine levels and more difficulty quitting in standard
treatment programmes. Previous brain imaging studies demonstrate
that smoking (without regard to cigarette type) leads to up-
regulation of β2*-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
(nAChRs). We sought to determine if menthol cigarette usage
results in greater nAChR up-regulation than non-menthol
cigarette usage. Altogether, 114 participants (22 menthol
cigarette smokers, 41 non-menthol cigarette smokers and 51 non-
smokers) underwent positron emission tomography scanning using
the α4β2* nAChR radioligand 2-[18F]fluoro-A-85380 (2-FA). In
comparing menthol to non-menthol cigarette smokers, an overall
test of 2-FA total volume of distribution