Gabriel Jonas Lippman  Lippman, Gabriel Jonas, 1845–1921, French
physicist, Ph.D. Sorbonne, 1875. He was a professor at the
Sorbonne from 1883 until his death in 1921. Lippman received the
1908 Nobel Prize in Physics for his method of reproducing colors
photographically. In the early 1890s he developed a two-step
process for recording and reproducing color images that
eliminated problems plaguing earlier techniques, which lacked a
way to fix the colors and resulted in rapid fading of the image.
Lippmann's color photographic method was based on interference,
wherein various light waves arriving simultaneously at the same
point are combined; the same phenomenon causes soap bubbles to
display colors even though they are actually colorless.   See
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