David Wineland  David Wineland, 2012.Ed Andrieski/AP  David
Wineland, in full David Jeffrey Wineland   (born February 24,
1944, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, U.S.), American physicist who was
awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics for devising methods to
study the quantum mechanical behaviour of individual ions. He
shared the prize with French physicist Serge Haroche.  Wineland
received a bachelor’s degree in physics from the University of
California, Berkeley, in 1965 and a doctorate in physics from
Harvard University in 1970. He was then a postdoctoral
researcher at the University of Washington, and from 1975 he
worked at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in
Boulder, Colorado.  David Wineland, 2003.© Geoffrey
Wheeler/National Institute of Standards and Technology/U.S.
Department of CommerceWineland’s work concentrated on studying
individual ions trapped in an electric field. Beginning in 1978
he and his collaborators used laser pulses of light at specific
wavelengths to cool the ions to their low