Circular logic  Tuesday, April 24, 2007  Formal fallacy  In
philosophy, a formal fallacy or a logical fallacy is a pattern
of reasoning which is always or at least most commonly wrong.
This is due to a flaw in the structure of the argument which
renders the argument invalid. A formal fallacy is contrasted
with an informal fallacy, which has a valid logical form, but is
false due to one or more of its premises being false.      These
fallacies are used in many forms of modern communication where
the intention is to influence behavior and change beliefs.
Examples in the mass media today include but are not limited to
propaganda, advertisements, politics, and opinion news shows.
Friday, February 23, 2007  Fallacy of many questions     Implied
form   In a September, 2006 New York Times column, David
Leonhardt queried readers whether they would "prefer spending an
extra $5,500 on health care every year — or losing 10 years off"
their lifespan. In doing so, Leonhardt — who earlier in the same
column dismissed heal