Page from Galileo’s “Starry Messenger”  Galileo’s “Starry
Messenger” contained the first telescopic drawings of the moon
to be published. Galileo showed the moon to be a solid body with
irregular surface features. This drawing correctly shows
mountain tops catching the sunlight and casting shadows, the
length of which Galileo used to estimate the mountains’ height.
—Bruno, L.C. (1987). The Tradition of Science.  ones. The
students recognize that each of their explanations may have
seemed plausible until all the evidence was brought into play.
Moreover, they were not embarrassed to give up an explanation
that did not work when the evidence pointed in another
direction. When such displacement occurs, scientific
understanding advances.  At this point in the unit, Mr. Gilbert
finds it very helpful to assign a take-home exam. Each student
is asked to look at all the activities the class has completed
thus far. The assignment is to select and then record in a
summary table all the evidence that supports or refutes