Communication technology has expanded enormously in the last 200
years. All forms involving electronic or radio signaling have
been affected by space weather events, beginning with the first
telegraph outages in 1848, and continuing into the modern age of
satellite communication. The timeline below is adapted from
events mentioned in the book 'The 23rd Cycle' and additional
historical resources including newspaper articles and scientific
journal notes.  The chronicle of telegraph, short-wave,
satellite and electrical outages is a major reminder of the
constancy of the space weather impact upon human technology.
November 14, 1837 - Great aurora [American Journal of Science
and Arts vol.34 p.286]  November 17, 1848 - During the aurora of
November 17, 1848, the clicker of the telegraph connecting
Florence and Piza remained stuck together as though it had
become magnetized, even though the receiving apparatus was not
in action at the time. This could only happen if an electric
current from some outside source ha