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The element-gain paradox for a phased-array antenna  Sign In
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subscriptions  1 Author(s) Hannan, P. ; Wheeler Laboratories,
Inc., Smithtown, NY, USA  In a phased-array antenna with a very
large number of regularly-spaced radiating elements, the gain
realized at the beam peak is equal to the number of elements
times the gain realized in the same direction when only one
typical element is excited. The ideal radiation pattern of one
such element in a large planar array has a cosine variation of
gain with angle when the elements are closely spaced, and has a
peak value of gain equal to4pi A/lambda^{2}whereAis the area
allotted to each element. The active impedance of each element
in a practical phased array varies with scan angle, because of
mutual coupling between t