  Grace Hopper got idea for the term Grace Hopper got idea for
the term "bug" from an incident in which troubles in the Mark II
computer were traced to a moth trapped in one of its many
relays. The moth was removed -- the first time a computer was
debugged -- and is now on display in the Smithsonian Institute.
Grace Hopper Computer linguist and software pioneer  She is
credited with building the first compiler, the software that
translates between machine language and programming languages.
Compilers turn computers from specialized calculators into
general-purpose problem solvers. She also wrote several
programming languages, including Flow-matic for the Univac 1,
the first large computer, and Cobol, the most widely used
language for business programs. Her work laid the foundation for
numerous computer concepts common today, including subroutines,
formula translation, relative addressing, code optimization,
symbolic manipulation, and the linking loader.  Hopper was also
the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in Mat