Heisenberg, Werner in full Werner Karl Heisenberg  ( born Dec.
5, 1901 , Wurzburg Würzburg, Ger.—died Feb. 1, 1976 , Munich,
W.Ger. )  German physicist and philosopher who discovered (1925)
a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices
(1925). For that discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for
Physics for 1932. In 1927 he published his indeterminacy, or
uncertainty , principle, upon which he built his philosophy and
for which he is best known. He also made important contributions
to the theories of the hydrodynamics of turbulenceturbulent
flows, the atomic nucleus, ferromagnetism, cosmic rays, and
elementary subatomic particles, and he planned was instrumental
in planning the first post-World War II West German nuclear
reactor , at Karlsruhe, then in West Germany.  In his
philosophical and methodological writings, Heisenberg was much
influenced by Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein. From the former he
derived the concepts of the social and dialogical character of
scientific invention; the principl