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manuscriptregisterthis articleBMC Systems Biology BMC Syst Biol.
2011; 5: 166. Published online Oct 17, 2011. doi: 
10.1186/1752-0509-5-166 PMCID: PMC3306009  Rule-based multi-
level modeling of cell biological systems    Proteins,
individual cells, and cell populations denote different levels
of an organizational hierarchy, each of which with its own
dynamics. Multi-level modeling is concerned with describing a
system at these different levels and relating their dynamics.
Rule-based modeling has increasingly attracted attention due to
enabling a concise and compact description of biochemical
systems. In addition, it allows different methods for model
analysis, since more than one semantics can be defined for the
same syntax.   Multi-level modeling implies the hierarchical
nesting of model entities and explicit support for downward and
upward causation between different levels. Concepts to support
multi-level modeling in a rule-based language are identified. To
tho