Introspection and Reflection in PHP  Introspection is a common
feature in any programming language which allows object classes
to be manipulated by the programmer. You’ll find introspection
particularly useful when you don’t know which class or method
you need to execute at design time.  Introspection in PHP offers
the useful ability to examine classes, interfaces, properties,
and methods. PHP offers a large number functions that you can
use to accomplish the task. In order to help you understand
introspection, I’ll provide a brief overview of some of PHP’s
classes, methods, and functions using examples in PHP to
highlight how they are used.  During this article, you’ll see a
couple examples of how to use some of the most useful PHP’s
introspection function and a section dedicated to an API that
offers functionality similar to introspection, the Reflection
API.  PHP Introspection Functions  In the first example, I’ll
demonstrate a handful of PHP’s introspection functions. You can
use these functions to extrac