DNA microarray  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is
a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid
surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the
expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to
genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains
picomoles (10−12 moles) of a specific DNA sequence, known as
probes (or reporters or oligos). These can be a short section of
a gene or other DNA element that are used to hybridize a cDNA or
cRNA (also called anti-sense RNA) sample (called target) under
high-stringency conditions. Probe-target hybridization is
usually detected and quantified by detection of fluorophore-,
silver-, or chemiluminescence-labeled targets to determine
relative abundance of nucleic acid sequences in the target.  The
basic microarray[edit]  Since an array can contain tens of
thousands of probes, a microarray experiment