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Select a Filter Below  Year of Publication 1.  Function and
Evolution of DNA Methylation in Nasonia vitripennis  PLoS
Genetics  2013;9(10):e1003872. Author Summary PMCID: PMC3794928
2.  Multiple Signaling Pathways Coordinate to Induce a Threshold
Response in a Chordate Embryo  PLoS Genetics 
2013;9(10):e1003818. In animal development, secreted signaling
molecules evoke all-or-none threshold responses of target gene
transcription to specify cell fates. In the chordate Ciona
intestinalis, the neural markers Otx and Nodal are induced at
early embryonic stages by Fgf9/16/20 signaling. Here we show
that three additional signaling molecules act negatively to
generate a sharp expression boundary for neural genes. EphrinA
signaling antagonizes FGF signaling by inhibiting ERK
phosphorylation more strongly in epidermal cells than in neural
cells, which accentuates differences in the strength of ERK
activation. However, even weakly activated ERK activates Ot