  New Left Review I/182, July-August 1990  Alice H. Amsden
Third World Industrialization: ‘Global Fordism’ or a New Model?
From the 1960s to the 1970s, industrial output in almost all
Third World countries grew rapidly. Growth was especially fast
in a subset of developing countries that can be called ‘late
industrializers’, countries which industrialized without the
competitive asset of being able to monopolize an original
technology. Late industrializers include South Korea—the subject
of this article—Taiwan, India, Brazil, Mexico, and possibly
Turkey. (Japan also qualifies as a late-industrializing country
because it, too, started to grow without indigenous technology.)
Since the 1980s, stagnation has afflicted the economies of most
late-industrializing countries and those of the Third World in
general. Yet Korea and Taiwan have continued to grow very
rapidly, posing a special puzzle for those who seek to
understand different patterns of growth in the world today.
Dependency theories of economic developme