Aviation and the Global Atmosphere  Other reports in this
collection  1.5. Mitigation  Environmental issues regarding
emissions from aircraft were originally related to their
contribution to local air quality in the vicinity of airports.
These considerations led to the introduction of legislation in
the United States resulting in domestic regulatory standards.
Subsequently, ICAO developed international standards and
recommended practices for the control of fuel venting and
emissions of carbon moNOxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and
smoke from aircraft engines over a prescribed landing/take-off
(LTO) cycle below 915 m (3,000 feet) (ICAO, 1981). Although the
global environmental effects of aircraft emissions have been a
matter of much debate at a scientific and technical level, there
are no specific standards for the control of emissions from
aircraft during cruise. However, the LTO standards in place do
indirectly limit emissions from an engine during climb and
cruise.  The UNFCCC seeks to stabilize green