One Among Many  The self in social context  Testing, Testing!
How to make most people worse (or better) than average  There
are two major approaches to testing. One approach is to measure
individual differences. The other is to measure whether a person
has a reached minimum standard  of competence. The first
approach is associated with the measurement of presumably
stable, trait-like personal properties, such as intelligence.
The second is associated with the assessment of skill
acquisition as in driving a motor vehicle.  In education, both
types of testing can be found, and they are often confounded.
Students like to ask if the scores on an exam will be “curved.”
They may also want to know what minimum score they need to
succeed, not realizing that they are fuddling the two schools of
measurement. The educators who respond to such questions may not
realize it either.  Find a Therapist  Search for a mental health
professional near you.  Most educational testing involves a
distribution of points that can be g