Air–fuel ratio  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to fuel present in
a combustion process such as in an internal combustion engine or
industrial furnace. If exactly enough air is provided to
completely burn all of the fuel, the ratio is known as the
stoichiometric mixture, often abbreviated to stoic. For precise
AFR calculations, the oxygen content of combustion air should be
specified because of possible dilution by ambient water vapor,
or enrichment by oxygen additions. The AFR is an important
measure for anti-pollution and performance-tuning reasons. The
lower the AFR, the "richer" the mixture.   In theory a
stoichiometric mixture has just enough air to completely burn
the available fuel. In practice this is never quite achieved,
due primarily to the very short time available in an internal
combustion engine for each combustion cycle. Most of the
combustion process completes in approximately 4–