| Share   Ulm (ŏlm) [key], city (1994 pop. 114,839), Baden-
Württemberg, S Germany, on the Danube (Donau) River. It is an
active river port, rail junction, and industrial center.
Manufactures include motor vehicles, machinery, electrical
equipment, and diversified, light manufacturing. Known in 854,
Ulm became (14th cent.) a free imperial city in Swabia and ruled
a considerable territory N of the Danube. It was one of the
greatest commercial centers and one of the most powerful cities
of the medieval empire, reaching its zenith in the 15th cent.
Changes in international trade routes during the 15th and 16th
cent. and the religious wars in Germany (e.g., the Thirty Years
War, 1618–48) caused its decline. Ulm accepted the Reformation
c.1530 and was a member of the Schmalkaldic League. The city and
its territory were awarded to Bavaria in 1803 at the Diet of
Regensburg, but were transferred to Württemberg in 1810. Bavaria
built Neu-Ulm on the opposite shore of the Danube, which forms
the state boundary there. The