Take the tour ×  Bob is given a bar of chocolate by the
experimenter. Then he is to propose how he will share the
chocolate with Emilly. If Emilly agrees with Bob's proposal, the
kids will each get their share. If Emilly disagrees, nobody gets
anything.  The experiment demonstrates that Emilly will refuse a
profitable share (anything more than no chocolate is profitable
for her), if the split Bob proposed would be "unfair".
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down vote accepted  The experiment you are referring to is
usually called the ultimatum game, and was first experimentally
tested by Güth, Schmittberger, and Schwarze in 1982 [1].  [1]
Güth, Werner, Rolf Schmittberger, and Bernd Schwarze. "An
experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining." Journal of
Economic Behavior & Organization 3.4 (1982): 367-388. PDF
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