In Brief  Chimpanzees who have early cultural experiences with
humans may develop the brain capacity for paying better
attention to conceptual and memory tasks, according to research
presented by Ohio State University psychologist Sally Boysen,
PhD, at APA's 2003 Annual Convention.  Her research suggests
that cognitive differences may exist between chimpanzees raised
in a structured human environment with constant, nurturing
communication from caretakers--called enculturation--and
chimpanzees that grew up in the wild or in lab environments
without enrichment. Chimps whose formative years included
interactive teaching techniques such as looking at picture books
and playing naming games probably develop more enhanced neural
pathways, especially in their frontal lobes, Boysen therorized.
Such development allows them to attend significantly better to
the communicative features of human interactions and to
reference human gestures and other dialogue-like systems used by
their teachers.  "We're bringing chimpanzees