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Effects of Electronegative VLDL on Endothelium Damage in
Metabolic Syndrome  Diabetes Care  2012;35(3):648-653.
Biochemical heterogeneity governs functional disparities among
lipoproteins. We examined charge-defined VLDL subfractions in
metabolic syndrome (MetS) to determine whether their increased
electronegativity is associated with increased cytotoxicity and
whether high concentrations of highly electronegative
subfractions render VLDL harmful to the vascular endothelium.
Plasma VLDL of normal individuals (control subjects) (n = 13)
and of those with MetS (n = 13) was resolved into subfractions
with increasing negative charge (V1–V5) by anion-exchange
chromatography. Human aortic endothelial cells were treated with
V1–V5 or unfractionated VLDL. Compared with the control
subjects, individuals with MetS had a significantly higher
percentage of V5 VLDL (V5/VLDL%) (34 ± 20 vs. 39 ± 11%, re