previous sub-section Twelve Interactive Strategies and
Alternative Policy Instruments next sub-section  Niches for
Public Standards  An interactive standards policy should also be
based on identifying niches for public standards. This strategy
targets issues or areas that   private standards do not cover.
Some oppose this effort at interactive regulation, fearing that
public standards will "drive out" private ones. That has
happened several times on a programmatic level. The emergence of
federal automobile safety standards displaced the safety program
of the Society of Automotive Engineers. (The SAE still writes
test methods that are referred to in government standards,
however.) Similarly, the creation of the Civil Aeronautics Board
ended UL's involvement in airplane certification. But the
argument does not provide a valid reason for avoiding overlap in
individual standards. Public and private standards-setters can
and do operate in the same policy space. They sometimes even
cooperate. UL works with the Food