In particular, Steele and Aronson established that black students perform more poorly on exams relative to white students if they must reveal their racial identities before the exam, a phenomenon known as stereotype threat Keller and Dauenheimer find a similar phenomena in relation to female students performance relative to male students on math tests Sociologists of education Zhou and Lee have observed the reverse phenomena occurring amongst AsianAmericans, whose confidence becomes tied up in expectations that they will succeed by both parents and teachers and who claim others perceive them as excelling academically more than they in fact are
विशेषतः, स्टील आणि अ्रेनसन यांनी असे प्रस्थापित केले की जर काळ्या विद्यार्थ्यांना (पांढ-या विद्यार्थ्यांशी संबंधित) परीक्षेपूर्वी त्यांची वांशिक ओळख उघडकीस आणावी लागली, तर काळे विद्यार्थी परीक्षेत अधिक वाईट कामगिरी करुन शकतात ही घटना “रूढीवादी धमकी” म्हणून ओळखली जाते.