<SYSTEM_TASK:>
Given the following text description, write Python code to implement the functionality described below step by step
<END_TASK>
<USER_TASK:>
Description:
 <table class="tfo-notebook-buttons" align="left">
  <td>
    <a target="_blank" href="https
Step1:  We define the model, adapted from the Keras CIFAR-10 example
Step2:  We train the model using the
RMSprop
optimizer
Step3:  Now let's train the model again, using the XLA compiler.
To enable the compiler in the middle of the application, we need to reset the Keras session.
<ASSISTANT_TASK:>
Python Code:
import tensorflow as tf
# Check that GPU is available: cf. https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/gpu.ipynb
assert(tf.test.gpu_device_name())
tf.keras.backend.clear_session()
tf.config.optimizer.set_jit(False) # Start with XLA disabled.
def load_data():
  (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = tf.keras.datasets.cifar10.load_data()
  x_train = x_train.astype('float32') / 256
  x_test = x_test.astype('float32') / 256
  # Convert class vectors to binary class matrices.
  y_train = tf.keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train, num_classes=10)
  y_test = tf.keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test, num_classes=10)
  return ((x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test))
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = load_data()
Explanation: <table class="tfo-notebook-buttons" align="left">
  <td>
    <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tensorflow.org/xla/tutorials/autoclustering_xla"><img src="https://www.tensorflow.org/images/tf_logo_32px.png" />View on TensorFlow.org</a>
  </td>
  <td>
    <a target="_blank" href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/compiler/xla/g3doc/tutorials/autoclustering_xla.ipynb"><img src="https://www.tensorflow.org/images/colab_logo_32px.png" />Run in Google Colab</a>
  </td>
  <td>
    <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/compiler/xla/g3doc/tutorials/autoclustering_xla.ipynb"><img src="https://www.tensorflow.org/images/GitHub-Mark-32px.png" />View source on GitHub</a>
  </td>
</table>
Classifying CIFAR-10 with XLA
This tutorial trains a TensorFlow model to classify the CIFAR-10 dataset, and we compile it using XLA.
Load and normalize the dataset using the Keras API:
End of explanation
def generate_model():
  return tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), padding='same', input_shape=x_train.shape[1:]),
    tf.keras.layers.Activation('relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3)),
    tf.keras.layers.Activation('relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)),
    tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.25),
    tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), padding='same'),
    tf.keras.layers.Activation('relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3)),
    tf.keras.layers.Activation('relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)),
    tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.25),
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(512),
    tf.keras.layers.Activation('relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10),
    tf.keras.layers.Activation('softmax')
  ])
model = generate_model()
Explanation: We define the model, adapted from the Keras CIFAR-10 example:
End of explanation
def compile_model(model):
  opt = tf.keras.optimizers.RMSprop(lr=0.0001, decay=1e-6)
  model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
                optimizer=opt,
                metrics=['accuracy'])
  return model
model = compile_model(model)
def train_model(model, x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test, epochs=25):
  model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=256, epochs=epochs, validation_data=(x_test, y_test), shuffle=True)
def warmup(model, x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test):
  # Warm up the JIT, we do not wish to measure the compilation time.
  initial_weights = model.get_weights()
  train_model(model, x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test, epochs=1)
  model.set_weights(initial_weights)
warmup(model, x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test)
%time train_model(model, x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test)
scores = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=1)
print('Test loss:', scores[0])
print('Test accuracy:', scores[1])
Explanation: We train the model using the
RMSprop
optimizer:
End of explanation
# We need to clear the session to enable JIT in the middle of the program.
tf.keras.backend.clear_session()
tf.config.optimizer.set_jit(True) # Enable XLA.
model = compile_model(generate_model())
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = load_data()
warmup(model, x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test)
%time train_model(model, x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test)
Explanation: Now let's train the model again, using the XLA compiler.
To enable the compiler in the middle of the application, we need to reset the Keras session.
End of explanation
<END_TASK>