While graphene has a hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure with alternating double-bonds emerging from its sp -bonded carbons, graphane, still maintaining the hexagonal structure, is the fully hydrogenated version of graphene with every sp -hybrized carbon bonded to a hydrogen (chemical formula of (CH) n). Furthermore, while graphene is planar due to its double-bonded nature, graphane is rugged, with the hexagons adopting different out-of-plane structural conformers like the chair or boat, to allow for the ideal 109.5° angles which reduce ring strain, in a direct analogy to the conformers of cyclohexane. Graphane was first theorized in 2003, was shown to be stable using first principles energy calculations in 2007, and was first experimentally synthesized in 2009. There are various experimental routes available for making graphane, including the top-down approaches of reduction of graphite in solution or hydrogenation of graphite using plasma/hydrogen gas as well as the bottom-up approach of chemical vapor deposition. Graphane is an insulator, with a predicted band gap of 3.5 eV; however, partially hydrogenated graphene is a semi-conductor, with the band gap being controlled by the degree of hydrogenation.