Most observations of fivelings have been for isolated particles. Similar structures can occur in thin films when particles merge to form a continuous coating, but do not recrystallize immediately. They can also form during annealing of films, which molecular dynamics simulations have indicated correlates to the motion of twin boundaries and a disclination, similar to the case of isolated nanoparticles described earlier. There is experimental evidence in thin films for interactions between partial dislocations and disclinations, as discussed in 1971 by de Wit. They can also be formed by mechanical deformation. The formation of a local fiveling structure by annealing or deformation has been attributed to a combination of stress relief and twin motion, which is different from the surface energy driven formation of isolated particles described above.