where λ λ is some scaling factor. The momentum p and the position x are vectors, while the components p i , x i and the radius r are scalars. In an inverse square potential system, if a wavefunction ψ ψ ( r ) is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian operator H ^ ^ ( p ^ ^ , x ^ ^ ) , it is also an eigenfunction of the operator H ^ ^ ( p ^ ^ ′ , x ^ ^ ′ ) , where the scaled operators p ^ ^ i ′ and x ^ ^ i ′ are defined as above.