Ghosh obtained his BSc degree with physics honours from St. Xaviers College, Kolkata which was then part of the Calcutta University (1991). Following the graduation, he became an Integrated PhD student at IISc, Bangalore where he did his masters (1994) and PhD (1999) in Physics. He was then a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Cambridge, UK (2000–2005). Ghosh then came back to IISc to take up a position as an assistant professor (2005–2011) followed by an associate professor (2011–2017). In 2017, he was promoted to a full professor of physics at the Department of Physics, IISc Bangalore. During his tenure at IISc, he was also a Visiting Research Fellow in Nanotechnology at T J Watson Research Center of IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA (May 2009 – Sept 2009).