Dudley was nominated to the French research body the Institut Universitaire de France in 2005 and elected a Fellow of the Optical Society of America (FOSA) in 2007. He was an IEEE LEOS Distinguished Lecturer for the period 2008-2010 and is past Chair of the Quantum Electronics and Optics Division of the European Physical Society. In 2009, he was awarded the Grand Prix de l'Electronique Général Ferrié from the Société des Electriciens et Electroniciens (SEE) and has also received a research award from the IXCORE Foundation. He was elected as a Fellow of the IEEE (FIEEE) in 2011, a Fellow of the European Optical Society (FEOS) in 2012, and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2018. He is also a recipient of the CNRS Silver Medal in 2013, the SPIE President's Award in 2014, the Hopkins Leadership Award of the OSA in 2015, the Institute of Physics (IOP) President's Medal in 2016, the American Physical Society Dwight Nicholson Medal for Outreach in 2017, and the SPIE Harold E. Edgerton Award for High-Speed Optics in 2019. In 2019, Dudley was elected an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. In 2020, he was awarded the R. W. Wood Prize of The Optical Society (OSA) which recognizes an outstanding discovery, scientific or technical achievement, or invention in the field of optics. In 2024, he was joint recipient of the European Physical Society Quantum Electronics and Optics Division Prize for Research into the Science of Light, which recognizes scientific excellence in the area of electromagnetic science in its broadest sense.