In contrast to the case of the breaking of internal symmetries, when spacetime symmetries such as Lorentz, conformal, rotational, or translational symmetries are broken, the order parameter need not be a scalar field, but may be a tensor field, and the number of independent massless modes may be fewer than the number of spontaneously broken generators. For a theory with an order parameter ⟨ ⟨ ϕ ϕ ( r ) ⟩ ⟩ that spontaneously breaks a spacetime symmetry, the number of broken generators T a minus the number non-trivial independent solutions c a ( r ) to