The behavior of the transmission in the two limiting cases can be replicated with the transmission line model by adding an extra element. In addition, losses can be taken into account by adding another resistance R . At resonance ( ω ω = ω ω o ) , the impedance of capacitors and inductors are Z o = i ω ω L = 1 / i ω ω C . Typically, Z o and ω ω o have to be measured based on transmission properties of the grids, and both depend on the parameter a / g . The R included in the 2-element equivalent circuit is consistent with the earlier calculation of absorptivity, which gives R = η η / 2 ( c λ λ σ σ ) 1 / 2 . The following table summarizes all the parameters to go from equivalent circuit parameters to expected reflection and transmission coefficients.