Raychaudhuri was born in Calcutta, India and did his schooling at the South Point School (India). He later attended Presidency College, Calcutta from where he obtained his BSc degree in Physics in 1970 and then went on to complete his MSc degree at Delhi University in 1973. Under the supervision of Oscar W. Greenberg, Raychaudhuri obtained his PhD degree in Particle Physics from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1977.