Assume for simplicity that the considered graph is indirected, connected and aperiodic, allowing to conclude from the Perron–Frobenius theorem that the dominant eigenvector is unique. Hence A l can be asymptotically ( l → → ∞ ∞ ) approximated by λ λ l ψ ψ ψ ψ T (or λ λ l | ψ ψ ⟩ ⟩ ⟨ ⟨ ψ ψ | in bra–ket notation).