One can also write a Maclaurin series in e . This series does not converge when e is larger than the Laplace limit (about 0.66), regardless of the value of M (unless M is a multiple of 2π), but it converges for all M if e is less than the Laplace limit. The coefficients in the series, other than the first (which is simply M ), depend on M in a periodic way with period 2π.