Under the activity of Ugo Amaldi, in the 2000s the first National Center for Oncological Hadrotherapy was created in Italy and fourth in the world, which houses a synchrotron of 25 meters in diameter, capable of accelerating both protons and ions of carbon. In 1995 Marco Bersanelli, who returned to Italy from the Berkeley laboratories after having studied and collaborated with the Nobel laureate George Smoot, creates an observational cosmology group for the study of the cosmic microwave background at the University of Milan, which becomes one of the main executive and scientific managers of the space missions of ESA Planck, launched in 2009, and of the Euclid space telescope, scheduled for launch in 2021. In the same period Giuseppe Bertin won a chair at the University of Milan where he focuses on studies on the growth dynamics of galaxies; earned him the "National Prize of the President of the Republic" of the Accademia dei Lincei. He is the third professor of the physics department of the University of Milan to receive him, after Giuseppe Occhialini (in '49) and Piero Caldirola (in '56).