Stress distribution at the laminate level due to external loadings applied to the structure can be acquired using finite element analysis (FEA). Stresses at the ply level can be obtained through transformation of laminate stresses from laminate coordinate system to ply coordinate system. To further calculate micro stresses at the constituent level, the unit cell model is employed. Micro stresses σ σ at any point within fiber/matrix, and micro surface tractions t at any interfacial point, are related to ply stresses σ σ ¯ ¯ as well as temperature increment Δ Δ T through: