Global single qubit gates on all the atoms can be done either by applying a microwave field for qubits encoded in the Hyperfine manifold such as Rb and Cs or by applying an RF magnetic field for qubits encoded in the nuclear spin such as Yb and Sr. Focused laser beams can be used to do single-site one qubit rotation using a lambda-type three level Raman scheme (see figure). In this scheme, the rotation between the qubit states is mediated by an intermediate excited state. Single qubit gate fidelities have been shown to be as high as.999 in state-of-the-art experiments.