What is the Hamiltonian version of this model? Well, first, we have to split A noncovariantly into a time component φ and a spatial part A →. Then, the resulting symplectic space has the conjugate variables σ, π σ (taking values in the underlying vector space of ρ ρ ¯ ¯ , the dual rep of ρ), A →, π → A, φ and π φ. For each spatial point, we have the constraints, π φ =0 and the Gaussian constraint