Principal applications of EDSR are expected in quantum computing and semiconductor spintronics, currently focused on low-dimensional systems. One of its main goals is fast manipulation of individual electron spins at a nanometer scale, e.g., in quantum dots of about 50 nm size. Such dots can serve as qubits of quantum computing circuits. Time-dependent magnetic fields practically cannot address individual electron spins at such a scale, but individual spins can be well addressed by time dependent electric fields produced by nanoscale gates. All basic mechanisms of EDSR listed above are operating in quantum dots, but in A 3 B 5 compounds also the hyperfine coupling of electron spins to nuclear spins plays an essential role. For achieving fast qubits operated by EDSR are needed nanostructures with strong spin–orbit coupling. For the Rashba spin–orbit coupling