Systems employing non-integration methods are forced to operate in isolated regions of spectrum-space-time. However, in the real world, perfect isolation is not realizable and as a result, isolated systems will leak out and occupy segments of spectrum-space-time occupied by other systems. This is why systems that employ non-integration methods end up interfering with each other, and due to the philosophy of isolation being employed, each system makes no attempt at interference mitigation. Consequentially, each user's performance is degraded. Non-integration is one of the common and traditional solutions, and as highlighted here, is a part of the problem.