then spans the range of − − ∞ ∞ ≤ ≤ λ λ n ≤ ≤ ∞ ∞ and indicates whether the characteristic mode is capacitive ( λ λ n < 0 ), inductive ( λ λ n > 0 ), or in resonance ( λ λ n = 0 ). In reality, the Rayleigh quotient is limited by the numerical dynamics of the machine precision used and the number of correctly found modes is limited.