Of the three types of naturally occurring radioactivities (α, β, and γ), only alpha decay is a type of decay resulting from the nuclear strong force. The other proton and neutron decays occurred much earlier in the life of the atomic species and before the earth was formed. Thus, alpha decay can be considered either a form of particle decay or, less frequently, as a special case of nuclear fission. The timescale for the nuclear strong force is much faster than that of the nuclear weak force or the electromagnetic force, so the lifetime of nuclei past the drip lines are typically on the order of nanoseconds or less. For alpha decay, the timescale can be much longer than for proton or neutron emission owing to the high Coulomb barrier seen by an alpha-cluster in a nucleus (the alpha particle must tunnel through the barrier). As a consequence, there are no naturally-occurring nuclei on Earth that undergo proton or neutron emission ; however, such nuclei can be created, for example, in the laboratory with accelerators or naturally in stars. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University came online in mid-2022 and is slated to create novel radioisotopes, which will be extracted in a beam and used for study. It uses a process of running a beam of relatively stable isotopes through a medium, which disrupts the nuclei and creating numerous novel nuclei, which are then extracted.