Following his PhD, Dibyendu worked as a postdoctoral fellow, research scientist and assistant research professor at the Solar Physics Group at Montana State University, Bozeman, US. He returned to India in 2008 and joined the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata as an assistant professor in the physics department. He is currently professor and head of the Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India. He has held a visiting faculty position at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics at St Andrews University (UK), a visiting astrophysicist position at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (USA) and a Wenner Gren Visiting Professorship at the Nordic Institute of Theoretical Physics (NORDITA) in Stockholm (Sweden).