Liou (2002, page 459) and other authors use the term global radiative equilibrium to refer to radiative exchange equilibrium globally between Earth and extraterrestrial space; such authors intend to mean that, in the theoretical, incoming solar radiation absorbed by Earth's surface and its atmosphere would be equal to outgoing longwave radiation from Earth's surface and its atmosphere. Prevost would say then that the Earth's surface and its atmosphere regarded as a whole were in absolute radiative equilibrium. Some texts, for example Satoh (2004), simply refer to "radiative equilibrium" in referring to global exchange radiative equilibrium.