An alternative to the disclination strain model which was proposed by B G Bagley in 1965 for whiskers is that there is a change in the atomic structure away from face-centered cubic; a hypothesis that a tetragonal crystal structure is lower in energy than fcc, and a lower energy atomic structure leads to the decahedral particles. This view was expanded upon by Cary Y. Yang and can also be found in some of the early work of Miguel José Yacamán. There have been measurements of the average structure using X-ray diffraction which it has been argued support this view. However, these x-ray measurements only see the average which necessarily shows a tetragonal arrangement, and there is extensive evidence for inhomogeneous deformations dating back to the early work of Allpress and Sanders, Tsutomu Komoda, Marks and David J. Smith and more recently by high resolution imaging of details of the atomic structure. As mentioned above, as of 2024 experimental imaging supports a disclination model with anisotropic elasticity.