Safronova is an expert in the field of theoretical atomic physics. She studies weak interactions in heavy atoms, ultracold atoms and atomic clocks. She also develops high-precision methodologies for the calculation of atomic properties and applications of such calculations. Her research involves both the study of the fundamental physics problems (search for new physics with atomic systems) and applications of atomic physics to future technological developments. She is the author of over 160 peer-reviewed scientific articles and over 140 presentations at colloquia, seminars, and conferences in the US and abroad.