The Bauschinger effect is primarily attributed to the interaction between dislocations and the internal stress fields within the material. Initially, as external stress is applied, dislocations are generated and traverse the crystal lattice, creating internal stress fields. These fields, in turn, interact with the applied stress, leading to a phenomenon known as work hardening or strain hardening. With the accumulation of dislocations, the material's yield strength rises, hindering further plastic deformation. When stresses are applied in the reverse direction, the dislocations are now aided by the back stresses that were present at the dislocation barriers previously and also because the back stresses at the dislocation barriers in the back are not likely to be strong compared to the previous case. Hence the dislocations glide easily, resulting in lower yield stress for plastic deformation for reversed direction of loading.