The manipulation of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) using a standing light wave is an important technique in the field of atomic physics. A Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter that emerges when a group of atoms is cooled to extremely low temperatures, approaching absolute zero. Within this state, all the atoms composing the condensate converge into a single quantum state with macroscopic quantum coherence and behave as a unified, wave-like entity.