Occhialini himself in the period between '52 and '55 supervises Riccardo Giacconi, who will then be awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 2002 for his pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which led to the discovery of the first cosmic sources in X-rays, and Giovanni Bignami, then president of ASI, INAF, COSPAR and SKA. With the advent of particle accelerators, Occhialini explores new fields of research, including space physics, making a decisive contribution to the foundation of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the European Space Agency (ESA), as well as to the INAF-IASF section of Milan. From 1947 to 1961 Polvani was president of the Italian Physics Society and in this capacity contributed to the reorganization of Italian research after the war and, in 1953, he founded the International School of Physics of Varenna in the municipality of the same name, in the province of Lecco, subsequently named after Enrico Fermi, site of periodic meetings between established scientists and young physicists. Fermi himself, in the summer of 1954, gave a lecture on the physics of π mesons. To date, the school has hosted speeches by over thirty-four Nobel laureates.