In 1949 Piero Caldirola moved as full professor of theoretical physics at the University of Milan, where he always remained afterwards, as full professor of general physics from 1966 to 1976 and full professor of theoretical physics institutions starting from 1974. From a scientific interest for the problems of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in weakly ionized gases began his involvement in Milan in plasma physics, also becoming president of the Euratom committee for fusion studies at the Frascati Laboratories. In the following years Caldirola, after having created the Italian school of theoretical solid state physics, founded the research group for quantum electronics, and the plasma physics laboratory, as well as the International School of Plasma Physics in Varenna in Milan. He was also director of the Institute of Physics, and of the Postgraduate Schools in "Atomic and Nuclear Physics" and in "Health and Hospital Physics" of the university. In November 1966 Giovanni Polvani, now at the end of his career, was elected Rector of the Milanese university; it's the first time for a physicist. In the 1980s, the group led by Occhialini made numerous progress, collaborating in the design and construction of the first European satellites for astronomy: Cos-B, Exosat, XMM and Beppo-SAX. After 1984, Giuliano Preparata, who has recently returned to Italy after a long period in the United States and a short period in Bari, where he has aroused current controversy among theoretical physicists on cold fusion, is called to the chair of high energy nuclear physics of the 'University of Milan, where he creates, with some young collaborators, his own independent research group with the best students of the department. Here Preparata appears to be the only one who manages to bring a breath of fresh air into what is narrated as the stale world of Italian theoretical physics, giving prestige to the Milanese university. In the same period Preparata met Emilio Del Giudice in Milan, from which a fruitful friendship and collaboration was born aimed at developing a cold fusion theory, which will give him international fame in the following years. However, the collaboration stopped unexpectedly in 2000 with the premature death of Preparata. The duo was also interested in the properties of electromagnetic fields in water, in a series of experimental works then resumed in 2009 by the Nobel Prize for Medicine Luc Montagnier. Between 1982 and 1991 Ugo Amaldi received a professorship at the University of Milan. Here for a decade he headed an international collaboration of over 400 scientists who designed and implemented the DELPHI experiment at the LEP accelerator at CERN. In this same period Fabiola Gianotti studied at the Milanese university, before becoming director of the ATLAS experiment, and then general director of CERN in Geneva. Meanwhile Nanni Bignami, after twenty years of work, managed to identify and understand Geminga, the first neutron star without radio emission, and the American Astronomical Society in 1993 awarded it the Bruno Rossi Award for this discovery.