Boltzmann writes: “The first task is to determine the permutation number, previously designated by 𝒫 , for any state distribution. Denoting by J the sum of the permutations 𝒫 for all possible state distributions, the quotient 𝒫 /J is the state distribution’s probability, henceforth denoted by W. We would first like to calculate the permutations 𝒫 for the state distribution characterized by w 0 molecules with kinetic energy 0, w 1 molecules with kinetic energy ϵ, etc. …