The Dirac equation, for an electrically charged particle of mass m and charge e, takes the form: i ∂ ∂ ¯ ¯ Ψ Ψ e 3 + e A ¯ ¯ Ψ Ψ = m Ψ Ψ ¯ ¯ † † , where e 3 is an arbitrary unitary vector, and A is the electromagnetic paravector potential as above. The electromagnetic interaction has been included via minimal coupling in terms of the potential A.