The stack effect is used both in traditional buildings and modern green architecture. Examples of traditional usage include the wind towers common in Middle Eastern architecture, which capture and direct cooler breezes into the building while expelling hot air to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures. Contemporary sustainable buildings often make use of the stack effect along with related non-electric techniques like ground coupling, earth sheltering, and evaporative cooling to enhance the passive cooling profile of a building. By carefully designing the building's structure, orientation and ventilation paths, architects can leverage the stack effect to reduce reliance on mechanical cooling systems and improve overall energy efficiency.