The CCDM approach has also been applied to fluidised beds as reviewed by Rowe and Nienow and Feng and Yu and applied by Feng and Yu to the chaotic motion of particles of different sizes in a gas fluidized bed. Kafuia et al. describe discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas-solid fluidised beds. Further applications of XDEM include thermal conversion of biomass on a backward and forward acting grate. Heat transfer in thermal/reacting particulate systems was also solved and investigated, as comprehensively reviewed by Peng et al. The deformation of a conveyor belt due to impacting granular material that is discharged over a chute represents an application in the field of stress / strain analysis.