Future work in this field includes further developments in fabrication and characterization methods, exploration of new geometries and material combinations, and potential applications in computation, data storage, and reconfigurable microwave circuits. In 2021 a study demonstrated neuromorphic reservoir computing using artificial spin ice, solving a range of computational tasks using the complex magnetic dynamics of the artificial spin ice. In 2022, another studied achieved an artificial kagome spin ice which could potentially be used in the future for novel high-speed computers with low power consumption.