Vieregg received a B.A. in physics from Dartmouth College in 2004, and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 2010. Her Ph.D. dissertation, The Search for Astrophysical Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos Using Radio Detection Techniques, focused on the detection of subatomic particles called neutrinos through radio pulses that arise from the neutrinos' interactions with matter. In it, she analyzes data from ANITA-II, the second flight of the ANITA experiment, a balloon-based study of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos interacting in the Antarctic ice, and set the strongest parameter limits to date for cosmic neutrinos with energies between 10 and 10 electronvolts.