The effect was used to measure the properties of various ferromagnetic elements and alloys. The key to more accurate measurements was better magnetic shielding, while the methods were essentially similar to those of the first experiments. The experiments measure the value of the g -factor g ′ = 2 m e M J (here we use the projections of the pseudovectors M and J onto the magnetization axis and omit the Δ Δ sign). The magnetization and the angular momentum consist of the contributions from the spin and the orbital angular momentum : M = M s + M o , J = J s + J o .