A minority of astrophysicists continue to work on the theory. Jacob Bekenstein developed a relativistic generalization of MOND in 2004, TeVeS, which however had its own set of problems. Another notable attempt was by Constantinos Skordis and Tom Złośnik, who proposed a relativistic model of MOND in 2021 that claimed to explain the cosmic microwave background, but appears to be highly contrived.