TIQM is explicitly non-local and, as a consequence, logically consistent with counterfactual definiteness (CFD), the minimum realist assumption. As such it incorporates the non-locality demonstrated by the Bell test experiments and eliminates the observer-dependent reality that has been criticized as part of the Copenhagen interpretation. Cramer states that the key advances over Everett's Relative State Interpretation are that the transactional interpretation has a physical collapse and is time-symmetric. Cramer also states that the TI is consistent with but not dependent upon the notion of an Einsteinian block universe. Kastner claims that by considering the product of the advanced and retarded wavefunctions, the Born rule can be explained ontologically.