During Manhattan Project research on the atomic bomb during World War II, American physicists Marshall Holloway and Charles P. Baker were working at Purdue University on a project using a particle accelerator to measure the cross sections of certain nuclear reactions. According to an account of theirs from a couple years later, they were dining in a cafeteria in December 1942 and discussing their work. They "lamented" that there was no name for the unit of cross section and challenged themselves to develop one. They initially tried to find the name of "some great man closely associated with the field" that they could name the unit after, but struggled to find one that was appropriate. They considered " Oppenheimer " too long (in retrospect, they considered an "Oppy" to perhaps have been allowable), and considered " Bethe " to be too easily confused with the commonly-used Greek letter beta. They then considered naming it after John Manley, another scientist associated with their work, but considered "Manley" too long and "John" too closely associated with toilets. But this latter association, combined with the "rural background" of one of the scientists, suggested to them the term " barn ", which also worked because the unit was "really as big as a barn." According to the authors, the first published use of the term was in a (secret) Los Alamos report from late June 1943, on which the two originators were co-authors.