Some values for S 8 are 0.832 ± 0.013 (2020 Planck), 0.766 +0.020 −0.014 (2021 KIDS), 0.776 ± 0.017 (2022 DES), 0.790 +0.018 −0.014 (2023 DES+KIDS), 0.769 +0.031 −0.034 – 0.776 +0.032 −0.033 (2023 HSC-SSP), 0.86 ± 0.01 (2024 EROSITA). Values have also obtained using peculiar velocities, 0.637 ± 0.054 (2020) and 0.776 ± 0.033 (2020), among other methods.