The monopoles studied by condensed-matter groups have none of these properties. They are not a new elementary particle, but rather are an emergent phenomenon in systems of everyday particles (protons, neutrons, electrons, photons); in other words, they are quasi-particles. They are not sources for the B -field (i.e., they do not violate ∇⋅ B = 0); instead, they are sources for other fields, for example the H -field, the " B * -field" (related to superfluid vorticity), or various other quantum fields. They are not directly relevant to grand unified theories or other aspects of particle physics, and do not help explain charge quantization —except insofar as studies of analogous situations can help confirm that the mathematical analyses involved are sound.