In the greenhouse effect, long wave radiation emitted by a planet is absorbed by certain gases in the atmosphere, reducing longwave emissions to space. Planets with substantial greenhouse atmospheres emit more longwave radiation at the surface than what reaches space. Consequently, such planets have surface temperatures higher than their effective radiation emission temperature. For example, Venus has an effective temperature of approximately 226 K (−47 °C; −53 °F), but a surface temperature of 740 K (467 °C; 872 °F). Similarly, Earth has an effective temperature of 255 K (−18 °C; −1 °F), but a surface temperature of about 288 K (15 °C; 59 °F) due to the greenhouse effect in our lower atmosphere. The surface temperatures of such planets are more accurately estimated by modeling thermal radiation transport through the atmosphere.