As mentioned above, so called e and m quasiparticles are associated with the vertices and plaquettes of the model, respectively. These quasiparticles can be described as anyons, due to the non-trivial effect of their braiding. Specifically, though both species of anyons are bosonic with respect to themselves, the braiding of two e 's or m 's having no effect, a full monodromy of an e and an m will yield a phase of − − 1 . Such a result is not consistent with either bosonic or fermionic statistics, and hence is anyonic.