In the US, Dworzecka worked as a researcher at Michigan State University from 1970 to 1972 before obtaining a faculty position as an assistant professor of physics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1972. She moved to the University of Maryland, College Park in 1974. Dworzecka became an associate professor of physics at George Mason University in 1982, and was promoted to full professor in 1987. She chaired the Physics & Astronomy Department from 1999 to 2006, and from 2006 to 2011 was Senior Associate Dean for Special Projects in the George Mason College of Science.