The compressor flow and pressure range is shown with a carpet plot of engine constant rpm and constant torque lines superimposed on the map. OpenCourseWare material shows a carpet plot of engine speed and load for the airflow requirements of 4-stroke truck engine. Shahed shows lines of constant engine speed and engine BMEP for a heavy-duty diesel engine. Woollenweber shows engine airflow requirements at different engine speeds and load/fuelling/torque. Hiereth et al. show operating lines for various applications such as a full-load operating line for a passenger car engine, the effect of an uncontrolled turbocharger on a truck diesel engine and wastegate control on passenger diesel and gasoline engines, and the effect of altitude on a compressor operating line.