Hints of ferromagnetism in LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 were first seen in 2007, when Dutch researchers observed hysteresis in the magnetoresistance of LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3. Follow up measurements with torque magnetometry indicated that the magnetism in LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 persisted all the way to room temperature. In 2011, researchers at Stanford University used a scanning SQUID to directly image the ferromagnetism, and found that it occurred in heterogeneous patches. Like the conductivity in LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3, the magnetism only appeared when the LaAlO 3 films were thicker than a few unit cells. However, unlike conductivity, magnetism was seen at SrO-terminated surfaces as well as TiO 2 -terminated surfaces.