Magic state distillation is a scheme for quantum computing in which quantum circuits constructed only of Clifford operators, which by themselves are fault-tolerant but efficiently classically simulable, are injected with certain "magic" states that promote the computational power to universal fault-tolerant quantum computing. In 2014, Mark Howard, et al. showed that contextuality characterizes magic states for qubits of odd prime dimension and for qubits with real wavefunctions. Extensions to the qubit case have been investigated by Juani Bermejo-Vega et al. This line of research builds on earlier work by Ernesto Galvão, which showed that Wigner function negativity is necessary for a state to be "magic"; it later emerged that Wigner negativity and contextuality are in a sense equivalent notions of nonclassicality.