In their early 1957 paper on what is now called pseudo Jahn–Teller effect (PJTE), Öpik and Pryce showed that a small splitting of the degenerate electronic term does not necessarily remove the instability and distortion of a polyatomic system induced by the Jahn–Teller effect (JTE), provided that the splitting is sufficiently small (the two split states remain "pseudo degenerate"), and the vibronic coupling between them is strong enough. From another perspective, the idea of a "mix" of different electronic states induced by low-symmetry vibrations was introduced in 1933 by Herzberg and Teller to explore forbidden electronic transitions, and extended in the late 1950s by Murrell and Pople and by Liehr. The role of excited states in softening the ground state with respect to distortions in benzene was demonstrated qualitatively by Longuet-Higgins and Salem by analyzing the π electron levels in the Hückel approximation, while a general second-order perturbation formula for such vibronic softening was derived by Bader in 1960. In 1961 Fulton and Gouterman presented a symmetry analysis of the two-level case in dimers and introduced the term "pseudo Jahn–Teller effect". The first application of the PJTE to solving a major solid-state structural problem with regard to the origin of ferroelectricity was published in 1966 by Isaac Bersuker, and the first book on the JTE covering the PJTE was published in 1972 by Englman. The second-order perturbation approach was employed by Pearson in 1975 to predict instabilities and distortions in molecular systems; he called it "second-order JTE" (SOJTE). The first explanation of PJT origin of puckering distortion as due to the vibronic coupling to the excited state, was given for the N 3 H 3 radical by Borden, Davidson, and Feller in 1980 (they called it "pyramidalization"). Methods of numerical calculation of the PJT vibronic coupling effect with applications to spectroscopic problems were developed in the early 1980s A significant step forward in this field was achieved in 1984 when it was shown by numerical calculations that the energy gap to the active excited state may not be the ultimate limiting factor in the PJTE, as there are two other compensating parameters in the condition of instability. It was also shown that, in extension of the initial definition, the PJT interacting electronic states are not necessarily components emerging from the same symmetry type (as in the split degenerate term). As a result, the applicability of the PJTE became a priory unlimited. Moreover, it was shown by Bersuker that the PJTE is the only source of instability of high-symmetry configurations of polyatomic systems in nondegenerate states (works cited in Refs.), and degeneracy and pseudo degeneracy are the only source of spontaneous symmetry breaking in matter in all its forms. The many applications of the PJTE to the study of a variety of properties of molecular systems and solids are reflected in a number of reviews and books ), as well as in proceedings of conferences on the JTE.