Arvanitaki pursued her post-doctoral research at Stanford University. She joined the Perimeter Institute in 2014. She is the first woman to hold a named chair at the institute. Arvanitaki suggested naming the chair for Aristarchus — the ancient Greek astronomer who surmised that the Earth rotated around the sun centuries before Coperniucs — in a nod to the cosmological scope of her research, the Greek background of the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, and her own Greek origin.