MPM represents materials as collections of material points (or particles). Unlike other particle methods such as SPH (Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics) and DEM (Discrete element method), MPM also uses a background grid to solve the momentum equations arising from particle interactions. MPM can be categorized as a mixed particle/ grid method or a mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian method. By combining the strengths of both frameworks, MPM aims to be the most effective numerical solver for large deformation problems. It has been further developed and applied to various challenging problems such as high-speed impact (Huang et al., 2011), landslides (Fern et al., 2019), saturated porous media (He et al., 2024), and fluid-structure interaction (Li et al., 2022).