Chitra Dutta is a former chief scientist and head of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics division in CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India. She is a physicist working in the areas of bioinformatics and computational biology. She is engaged in 'in-silico' analysis of genome/proteome architectures of host/vector/pathogen systems in quest of novel intervention strategies. Comparative genome analysis of various bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens conducted by her group have not only given an insight into the natural forces driving the molecular evolution of the microbial world, but also provided a better understanding of the intricacies of pathogen–host interactions and co-evolution. She has demonstrated how the relative strengths of various selection pressures vary within and across the organisms depending on their G+C-content, life-style and taxonomic distribution. Her group has also delineated the role played by mutational imbalance, hydrophobicity, gene expressivity and aromaticity in shaping microbial protein architectures. She is also internationally acclaimed for her studies on ‘Chaos game representation’. She has developed novel algorithms for recognition of fractal patterns in nucleotide and amino acid sequences through statistical analyses of genome and proteome composition of different thermophilic, symbiotic/parasitic organisms and she has revealed that thermal adaptation involves overrepresentation of purine bases in mRNAs, higher GC-content of the structural RNAs and enhanced usage of positively charged residues and aromatic residues at the cost of neutral polar residues, while the parasitic adaptation is reflected in the extreme genome reduction, presence of weak translational selection and large heterogeneity in membrane associated proteins. Recent works from her group on 'pan-genomic analysis of human microbiome in health and diseases' have also been highly acknowledged in scientific literature.