The IPCC reports an outgoing thermal radiation flux (OLR) of 239 (237-242) W m and a surface thermal radiation flux (SLR) of 398 (395-400) W m, where the parenthesized amounts indicate the 5-95% confidence intervals as of 2015. These values indicate that the atmosphere (with clouds included) reduces Earth's overall emissivity, relative to its surface emissions, by a factor of 239/398 ≈ 0.60. In other words, emissions to space are given by O L R = ϵ ϵ e f f σ σ T s e 4 where ϵ ϵ e f f ≈ ≈ 0.6 is the effective emissivity of Earth as viewed from space and T s e ≡ ≡ [ S L R / σ σ ] 1 / 4 ≈ ≈ 289 K (16 °C; 61 °F) is the effective temperature of the surface.