In a rotating frame of reference, the time derivatives of any vector function P of time—such as the velocity and acceleration vectors of an object—will differ from its time derivatives in the stationary frame. If P 1 P 2, P 3 are the components of P with respect to unit vectors i, j, k directed along the axes of the rotating frame (i.e. P = P 1 i + P 2 j + P 3 k), then the first time derivative [d P /d t ] of P with respect to the rotating frame is, by definition, d P 1 /d t i + d P 2 /d t j + d P 3 /d t k. If the absolute angular velocity of the rotating frame is ω then the derivative d P /d t of P with respect to the stationary frame is related to [d P /d t ] by the equation: d P d t = [ d P d t ] + ω ω × × P , where × × denotes the vector cross product. In other words, the rate of change of P in the stationary frame is the sum of its apparent rate of change in the rotating frame and a rate of rotation ω ω × × P attributable to the motion of the rotating frame. The vector ω has magnitude ω equal to the rate of rotation and is directed along the axis of rotation according to the right-hand rule.