In the special case of a steady state (stationary charges and currents), the Maxwell-Faraday inductive effect disappears. The resulting two equations (Gauss's law ∇ ∇ ⋅ ⋅ E = ρ ρ ε ε 0 and Faraday's law with no induction term ∇ ∇ × × E = 0 ), taken together, are equivalent to Coulomb's law, which states that a particle with electric charge q 1 at position r 1 exerts a force on a particle with charge q 0 at position r 0 of: F 01 = q 1 q 0 4 π π ε ε 0 r ^ ^ 01 | r 01 | 2 = q 1 q 0 4 π π ε ε 0 r 01 | r 01 | 3 where