Assamese language
Cases Suffix Example Literal English translation Normal English translation
Absolutive none বাৰীত গৰু সোমাল। ( barit goru- xümal . ) Garden-LOC cattle- ABS entered Cattles entered into the garden
Ergative - এ , - ই ( -e , -i ) গৰু ৱে ঘাঁহ খায়। ( goru- e ghãh kha-e . ) Cattle- ERG grass-ACC eat- ( 3rd person , habitual present ) Cattles eat grass
Accusative - ( অ ) ক , − ( - ( o ) k , − ) ১ . শিয়ালটোৱে শহাটো ক খেদি আছে। ( 1. xial-tü-e xoha-tü- k khedi ase . ) ২ . তেওঁলোকে চোৰটো পুলিচক গতালে। ( 2. teü̃lük-e sür-tü- pulis-ok gotale . ) 1 . Jackal-the-ERG hare-the- ACC chasing exist- ( 3rd person , present continuous ) . 2 . They thief-the- ACC police-ACC handover- ( recent past ) - ( 3rd person ) 1 . The jackal is chasing the hare . 2 . They handed over the thief to the police
Genitive - ( অ ) ৰ ( - ( o ) r ) তাই ৰ ঘৰ ( tai- r ghor ) she- GEN house Her house
Dative - ( অ ) লৈ [ dialectal : - ( অ ) লে ] ; - ( অ ) ক ( - ( o ) loi [ dialectal : - ( o ) le ] ; - ( o ) k ) ১ . সি পঢ়াশালি লৈ গৈ আছে। ( 1. xi porhaxali- loi goi ase . ) ২ . বা ক চাবিটো দিয়া। ( 2. ba- k sabi-tü- dia . ) 1 . He school- DAT going exist- ( 3rd person , present continuous ) 2 . Eldersister- DAT key-the-ACC give- ( familiar , imperative ) 1 . He is going to ( the ) school . 2 . Give elder sister the key
Terminative - ( অ ) লৈকে [ dialectal : - ( অ ) লেকে ] ( - ( o ) loi [ dialectal : - ( o ) leke ] ) ১ . মই নহা লৈকে কʼতো নেযাবা। ( 1. moi n-oha- loike kót-ü ne-za-b-a . ) ২ . ১ৰ পৰা ৭ লৈকে ( 2 . 1-or pora 7- oloike ) 1 . I not-coming- TERM where-even not-go-future- ( 3rd person ) 2 . 1-GEN from 7- TERM 1 . Do n't go anywhere until I do n't come . 2 . From 1 up to 7
Instrumental - ( এ ) ৰে [ dialectal : - ( এ ) দি ] ( - ( e ) re [ dialectical : - ( e ) di ] ) কল মেৰে লিখিছিলা। ( kolom- ere likhisila . ) pen- INS write- ( 2rd person , distant past ) You wrote with ( a ) pen
Locative - ( অ ) ত [ sometimes : -এ ] ( - ( o ) t [ sometimes : -e ] ) ১ . সি বহীখন ত লিখিছে। ( 1. xi bohi-khon- ot likhise . ) ২ . আইতা মঙলবা ৰে আহিছিল। ( 2. aita moŋolbar- e ahisil . ) 1 . He notebook-the- LOC write- ( present perfect ) - ( 3rd person ) . 2 . Grandmother Tuesday- LOC come- ( distant past ) - ( 3rd person ) 1 . He has written on the notebook . 2 . Grandmother came on Tuesday
Morphology and grammar -- Grammatical cases
Assamese has 8 grammatical cases :
Assamese (/ˌæsəˈmiːz/), also Asamiya (/ɔxomia/ অসমীয়া), is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Assam, where it is an official language. It is the easternmost Indo-European language, spoken by over 15 million speakers, and serves as a lingua franca in the region. Nefamese is an Assamese-based pidgin used in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagamese, an Assamese-based Creole language is widely used in Nagaland. The Kamtapuri language of Rangpur division of Bangladesh and Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts of India are linguistically closer to Assamese, though the speakers identify with the Bengali culture and the literary language. In the past, it was the court language of the Ahom kingdom from the 17th century. Along with other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Assamese evolved at least before 7th century CE from the middle Indo-Aryan Magadhi Prakrit, which developed from dialects similar to, but in some ways more archaic than Vedic Sanskrit. Its sister languages include Angika, Bengali, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Rajbangsi, Maithili, Rohingya and Sylheti. It is written in the Assamese alphabet, an abugida system, from left to right, with many typographic ligatures.