Adyghe grammar
Tense Suffix Example Meaning
Present ~∅ макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ ( s ) he is going ; ( s ) he goes
Preterite ~агъэ /~aːʁa/ кӏуагъэ /kʷʼaːʁa/ ( s ) he went
Discontinuous past ~гъагъ /~ʁaːʁ/ кӏогъагъ /kʷʼaʁaːʁ/ ( s ) he went ( but not there anymore )
Pluperfect ~гъагъ /~ʁaːʁ/ кӏогъагъ /kʷʼaʁaːʁ/ ( s ) he went a long time ago ; ( s ) he had gone
Categorical Future ~н /~n/ кӏон /kʷʼan/ ( s ) he will go
Factual Future ~щт /~ɕt/ кӏощт /kʷʼaɕt/ ( s ) he will go , ( s ) he is about to go
Past continuous ~щтыгъ кӏощтыгъ /kʷʼaɕtəʁ/ ( s ) he used to go ; ( s ) he was going
Conditional perfect ~щтыгъ кӏощтыгъ /kʷʼaɕtəʁ/ ( s ) he was going to go ; ( s ) he would have gone
Future perfect ~гъэщт /~ʁaɕt/ кӏуагъэщт /kʷʼaːʁaɕt/ ( s ) he will have gone
Recent past ~гъакӏ /~ʁaːt͡ʃʼ/ кӏогъакӏ /kʷʼaʁaːt͡ʃʼ/ ( s ) he just ( recently ) went
Present Perfect ~гъах /~ʁaːχ/ кӏогъах /kʷʼaʁaːx/ ( s ) he already went
Verbs -- Tenses
Adyghe verbs have several forms to express different tenses , here are some of them :
Adyghe is a polysynthetic language with an ergative verb-final clause structure and rich verb morphology.