Númenor
Quenya name Sindarin name Meaning French
Narvinyë Narwain new sun Nivôse
Nénimë Nínui watery Pluviôse
Súlimë Gwaeron windy / wind month Ventôse
Víressë Gwirith new / young / budding ? Germinal
Lótessë Lothron flower month Floréal
Nárië Nórui sunny Prairial
Cermië Cerveth harvest Messidor
Urimë Urui hot Thermidor
Yavannië Ivanneth fruit giving Fructidor
Narquelië Narbeleth sun-fading Vendémiaire
Hísimë Hithui misty Brumaire
Ringarë Girithron cold / shivering month Frimaire
Fictional geography -- Culture
 The Númenóreans were descended from the Edain of Beleriand , with three clans : the people of Hador , the people of Bëor , and the Folk of Haleth . Most Númenóreans descended from the fair-haired and blue-eyed people of Hador . The settlers of the western regions , especially Andustar , came mostly from the people of Bëor , with darker hair and grey eyes . [ T 4 ] A few remnants of the Folk of Haleth and a few families of the Drúedain were also present . [ T 8 ] The average Númenórean was taller than two rangar or 6 ' 4 '' . Elendil was the tallest of Men who escaped the Downfall ( almost 2.5 rangar tall , 7'11 '' ) . [ T 9 ] Tolkien originally suggested that Númenóreans not of the Line of Elros lived for 200 years , with royal kindred living 400 years . Later , royal Númenóreans were said to have `` five times '' the lifespan of normal men , or 300–350 years . Men of the House of Elros lived for some 400 years ; this diminished due to their rebellion . [ T 10 ] Coming-of-age was at 25 years . [ T 11 ] The common language of the Númenóreans , Adûnaic , was derived from the speech of the Hadorians . [ T 12 ] [ T 13 ] The descendants of the people of Bëor were sometimes said to have spoken an accented form of Adûnaic , [ T 13 ] [ T 14 ] while elsewhere it is stated that they had dropped their own tongue before coming to the island and used the Grey-elven Sindarin as daily speech in Númenor . [ T 15 ] [ T 16 ] All texts , however , agree that Sindarin was known to most Númenóreans , and was widely used in noble families ; the latter also knew the High-elven Quenya , employing it in works of lore and nomenclature . [ T 14 ] [ T 16 ] This changed when the friendship with the Elves was broken ; usage of both Sindarin and Quenya lessened , until at last King Ar-Adûnakhôr forbade their teaching , and knowledge of the Elven-tongues was only preserved by the Faithful . [ T 6 ] Before the coming of the Shadow , the Númenóreans maintained several traditions connected with the worship of Ilúvatar and respect to the Valar . Among them are recorded the setting a bough of the fragrant oiolairë upon the prow of a departing ship , [ T 4 ] the ceremonies concerned with the passing of the Sceptre , and laying down one 's life . The most famous traditions were the Three Prayers , during which a great concourse of people ascended to the holy summit of Meneltarma and the King praised Eru Ilúvatar . These were : the spring prayer for a good year , Erukyermë ; the midsummer prayer for a good harvest , Erulaitalë ; and the autumn harvest thanksgiving , Eruhantalë . [ T 2 ] The Númenórean calendar , the `` King 's Reckoning '' , is similar to the Gregorian with a week of seven days , a year of 365 days except in leap years , and twelve months ( astar ) : ten with 30 days and two with 31 . However , King 's Reckoning has some days outside the months , a feature borrowed from Elvish Calendars , which were generally holidays . Two of these were the pair which book-ends the year ; thus the last month of the year was followed by mettarë , the last day of the year ; this was followed by yestarë , New Year 's Day , before the start of the first month . The other monthless day was loëndë , mid-year day . In a leap year there were two mid-year days . In the Second and Third Ages , years were reckoned from the beginning of the age . Various irregularities occur in this calendar , especially following the Downfall . Mardil Voronwë revised the calendar , and the new version became the `` Steward 's Reckoning '' : all the months had 30 days , with two additional `` extra '' days at the equinoxes , tuilérë and yáviérë . The five extra days ( the equinoxes , midsummer and two at midwinter ) were holidays . The Reunited Kingdom adopted a `` New Reckoning '' , which began the year on March 25 ( cf . Lady Day , the English new year between A.D. 1155 and 1752 ) , the date of the downfall of Sauron . This made it correspond more closely to the spring beginning of the Elven calendar . The months of the Reckonings were in Quenya ( or Sindarin among the Dúnedain ) : [ T 17 ]
Númenor , also called Elenna-nórë or Westernesse, is a fictional place in English author J. R. R. Tolkien's writings. It was a large island located in the Sundering Seas to the west of the Old World of Middle-earth, the main setting of Tolkien's writings, and was known to be the greatest civilization of Men. However many of the inhabitants ceased to worship the One God, Eru Ilúvatar, and ultimately rebelled against the Valar, resulting in the destruction of the island and death of the majority of its population. Tolkien had intended Númenor to be an allusion to the legendary Atlantis. Númenor first appeared in print in The Lord of the Rings, which is set thousands of years after Númenor's destruction. Within the story of The Lord of the Rings, Númenor looms as a fabulous lost civilization. An unfinished story, Aldarion and Erendis, is set in the realm of Númenor at the time of its zenith, and another, Akallabêth, summarizes its history and downfall. Otherwise only compendious or abandoned writings of Tolkien deal with Númenor, such as the appendices to The Lord of the Rings and several accounts published in Unfinished Tales and The History of Middle-earth series. Originally intended to be a part of a time-travel story, the tale of the fall of Númenor was for some time viewed by Tolkien as a conclusion to his The Silmarillion and the last tale about the Elder Days. Later, with the emergence of The Lord of the Rings, it became the link between these two works and a major part of his legendarium.