Mixture
Dispersion medium ( mixture phase ) Dissolved or dispersed phase Solution Colloid Suspension ( coarse dispersion )
Gas Gas Gas mixture : air ( oxygen and other gases in nitrogen ) None None
Gas Liquid None Liquid aerosol : fog , mist , vapor , hair sprays Spray
Gas Solid None Solid aerosol : smoke , ice cloud , air particulates Dust
Liquid Gas Solution : oxygen in water Liquid foam : whipped cream , shaving cream Sea foam , beer head
Liquid Liquid Solution : alcoholic beverages Emulsion : milk , mayonnaise , hand cream Vinaigrette
Liquid Solid Solution : sugar in water Liquid sol : pigmented ink , blood Suspension : mud ( soil , clay or silt particles are suspended in water ) , chalk powder suspended in water
Solid Gas Solution : hydrogen in metals Solid foam : aerogel , styrofoam , pumice Foam : dry sponge
Solid Liquid Solution : amalgam ( mercury in gold ) , hexane in paraffin wax Gel : agar , gelatin , silicagel , opal Wet sponge
Solid Solid Solution : alloys , plasticizers in plastics Solid sol : cranberry glass Clay , silt , sand , gravel , granite
Characteristics of mixtures
Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous . A mixture in which its constituents are distributed uniformly is called homogeneous mixture , such as salt in water . A mixture in which its constituents are not distributed uniformly is called heterogeneous mixture , such as sand in water . One example of a mixture is air . Air is a homogeneous mixture of the gaseous substances nitrogen , oxygen , and smaller amounts of other substances . Salt , sugar , and many other substances dissolve in water to form homogeneous mixtures . A homogeneous mixture in which there is both a solute and solvent present is also a solution . Mixtures can have any amounts of ingredients . Mixtures are unlike chemical compounds , because : The substances in a mixture can be separated using physical methods such as filtration , freezing , and distillation . There is little or no energy change when a mixture forms . Mixtures have variable compositions , while compounds have a fixed , definite formula . When mixed , individual substances keep their properties in a mixture , while if they form a compound their properties can change . [ 8 ] The following table shows the main properties of the three families of mixtures and examples of the three types of mixture .
In chemistry, a mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically combined. A mixture is the physical combination of two or more substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions and colloids. Mixtures are one product of mechanically blending or mixing chemical substances such as elements and compounds, without chemical bonding or other chemical change, so that each ingredient substance retains its own chemical properties and makeup. Despite the fact that there are no chemical changes to its constituents, the physical properties of a mixture, such as its melting point, may differ from those of the components. Some mixtures can be separated into their components by using physical (mechanical or thermal) means. Azeotropes are one kind of mixture that usually poses considerable difficulties regarding the separation processes required to obtain their constituents (physical or chemical processes or, even a blend of them).