Moon Treaty
State Deposited Method
Armenia 19 Jan 2018 Accession
Australia 7 Jul 1986 Accession
Austria 11 Jun 1984 Ratification
Belgium 29 Jun 2004 Accession
Chile 12 Nov 1981 Ratification
Kazakhstan 11 Jan 2001 Accession
Kuwait 28 Apr 2014 Accession
Lebanon 12 Apr 2006 Accession
Mexico 11 Oct 1991 Accession
Morocco 21 Jan 1993 Ratification
Netherlands 17 Feb 1983 Ratification
Pakistan 27 Feb 1986 Accession
Peru 23 Nov 2005 Ratification
Philippines 26 May 1981 Ratification
Saudi Arabia 18 Jul 2012 Accession
Turkey 29 Feb 2012 Accession
Uruguay 9 Nov 1981 Ratification
Venezuela 3 Nov 2016 Accession
List of parties
The Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, better known as the Moon Treaty or Moon Agreement, is a multilateral treaty that turns jurisdiction of all celestial bodies (including the orbits around such bodies) over to the participant countries. Thus, all activities would conform to international law, including the United Nations Charter. It has not been ratified by any state that engages in self-launched human spaceflight or has plans to do so (e.g. the United States, the larger part of the member states of the European Space Agency, Russia (former Soviet Union), People's Republic of China and Japan) since its creation in 1979, and thus it has little to no relevancy in international law. As of January 2019, 18 states are parties to the treaty.