Quebec
Location July ( °C ) July ( °F ) January ( °C ) January ( °F )
Montreal 26/16 79/61 −5/−14 22/7
Gatineau 26/15 79/60 −6/−15 21/5
Quebec City 25/13 77/56 −8/−18 17/0
Trois-Rivières 25/14 78/58 −7/−17 19/1
Sherbrooke 24/11 76/53 −6/−18 21/0
Saguenay 24/12 75/54 −10/−21 14/−6
Matagami 23/9 73/48 −13/−26 8/−16
Kuujjuaq 17/6 63/43 −20/−29 −4/−20
Inukjuak 13/5 56/42 −21/−28 −6/−19
Geography -- Climate
Köppen climate types of Quebec In general , the climate of Quebec is cold and humid . [ 41 ] The climate of the province is largely determined by its latitude , maritime and elevation influences . [ 41 ] According to the Köppen climate classification , Quebec has three main climate regions . [ 41 ] Southern and western Quebec , including most of the major population centres and areas south of 51oN , have a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) with four distinct seasons having warm to occasionally hot and humid summers and often very cold and snowy winters . [ 41 ] [ 42 ] The main climatic influences are from western and northern Canada and move eastward , and from the southern and central United States that move northward . Because of the influence of both storm systems from the core of North America and the Atlantic Ocean , precipitation is abundant throughout the year , with most areas receiving more than 1,000 millimetres ( 39 in ) of precipitation , including over 300 centimetres ( 120 in ) of snow in many areas . [ 43 ] During the summer , severe weather patterns ( such as tornadoes and severe thunderstorms ) occur occasionally . [ 44 ] Most of central Quebec , ranging from 51 to 58 degrees North has a subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc ) . [ 41 ] Winters are long , very cold , and snowy , and among the coldest in eastern Canada , while summers are warm but very short due to the higher latitude and the greater influence of Arctic air masses . Precipitation is also somewhat less than farther south , except at some of the higher elevations . The northern regions of Quebec have an arctic climate ( Köppen ET ) , with very cold winters and short , much cooler summers . [ 41 ] The primary influences in this region are the Arctic Ocean currents ( such as the Labrador Current ) and continental air masses from the High Arctic . Baie-Saint-Paul during winter The four calendar seasons in Quebec are spring , summer , autumn and winter , with conditions differing by region . They are then differentiated according to the insolation , temperature , and precipitation of snow and rain . [ 45 ] At Quebec City , the length of the daily sunshine varies from 8:37 hrs in December to 15:50 hrs in June ; the annual variation is much greater ( from 4:54 to 19:29 hrs ) at the northern tip of the province . [ 46 ] From temperate zones to the northern territories of the Far North , the brightness varies with latitude , as well as the Northern Lights and midnight sun . Quebec is divided into four climatic zones : arctic , subarctic , humid continental and East maritime . From south to north , average temperatures range in summer between 25 and 5 °C ( 77 and 41 °F ) and , in winter , between −10 and −25 °C ( 14 and −13 °F ) . [ 47 ] [ 48 ] In periods of intense heat and cold , temperatures can reach 35 °C ( 95 °F ) in the summer [ 49 ] and −40 °C ( −40 °F ) during the Quebec winter , [ 49 ] They may vary depending on the Humidex or Wind chill . The all time record high was 40.0 °C ( 104.0 °F ) and the all time record low was −51.0 °C ( −59.8 °F ) . [ 50 ] The all-time record of the greatest precipitation in winter was established in winter 2007–2008 , with more than five metres [ 51 ] of snow in the area of Quebec City , while the average amount received per winter is around three metres . [ 52 ] March 1971 , however , saw the `` Century 's Snowstorm '' with more than 40 centimetres ( 16 in ) in Montreal to 80 centimetres ( 31 in ) in Mont Apica of snow within 24 hours in many regions of southern Quebec . Also , the winter of 2010 was the warmest and driest recorded in more than 60 years . [ 53 ]
Quebec (/k(w)ɪˈbɛk/ (listen); French: Québec [kebɛk] (listen)) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada (with Ontario). Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada, after Ontario. It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, including the Island of Montreal. English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais, Eastern Townships, and Gaspé regions. The Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers, but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions.