Europe
Name Sovereign state Area ( km² ) Population Population density ( per km² ) Capital
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia UK 254 15,700 59.1 Episkopi Cantonment
Åland Finland 13,517 29,489 18.36 Mariehamn
Bailiwick of Guernsey UK 78 65,849 844.0 St. Peter Port
Bailiwick of Jersey UK 118.2 100,080 819 Saint Helier
Faroe Islands Denmark 1,399 50,778 35.2 Tórshavn
Gibraltar UK 6.7 32,194 4,328 Gibraltar
Greenland Denmark 2,166,086 55,877 0.028 Nuuk
Isle of Man UK 572 83,314 148 Douglas
Svalbard Norway 61,022 2,667 0.044 Longyearbyen
List of states and territories
Main articles : List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe and Area and population of European countries It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe . ( Discuss ) ( October 2016 ) The list below includes all entities [ clarification needed ] falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe , [ clarification needed ] geographic or political . Flag Arms Name Area ( km ) Population Populationdensity ( per km ) Capital Name ( s ) in official language ( s ) Albania 28,748 2,876,591 98.5 Tirana Shqipëria Andorra 468 77,281 179.8 Andorra la Vella Andorra Armenia 29,743 2,924,816 101.5 Yerevan Հայաստան ( Hayastan ) Austria 83,858 8,823,054 104 Vienna Österreich Azerbaijan 86,600 9,911,646 113 Baku Azǝrbaycan Belarus 207,560 9,504,700 45.8 Minsk Беларусь ( Belaruś ) Belgium 30,528 11,358,357 372.06 Brussels België/Belgique/Belgien Bosnia and Herzegovina 51,129 3,531,159 68.97 Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina/Боснa и Херцеговина Bulgaria 110,910 7,101,859 64.9 Sofia България ( Bǎlgariya ) Croatia 56,542 4,284,889 75.8 Zagreb Hrvatska Cyprus 9,251 1,170,125 123.4 Nicosia Kýpros/Kıbrıs Czech Republic 78,866 10,610,947 134 Prague Česko Denmark 43,094 5,748,796 133.9 Copenhagen Danmark Estonia 45,226 1,319,133 28 Tallinn Eesti Finland 336,593 5,509,717 16 Helsinki Suomi/Finland France 547,030 67,348,000 116 Paris France Georgia 69,700 3,718,200 53.5 Tbilisi საქართველო ( Sakartvelo ) Germany 357,168 82,800,000 232 Berlin Deutschland Greece 131,957 10,768,477 82 Athens Ελλάδα ( Elláda ) Hungary 93,030 9,797,561 105.3 Budapest Magyarország Iceland 103,000 350,710 3.2 Reykjavík Ísland Ireland 70,280 4,761,865 67.7 Dublin Éire/Ireland Italy 301,338 60,589,445 201.3 Rome Italia Kazakhstan 2,724,900 17,987,736 6.49 Nur-Sultan Қазақстан ( Qazaqstan ) Latvia 64,589 1,925,800 34.3 Riga Latvija Liechtenstein 160 38,111 227 Vaduz Liechtenstein Lithuania 65,300 2,800,667 45.8 Vilnius Lietuva Luxembourg 2,586 602,005 233.7 Luxembourg Lëtzebuerg/Luxemburg/Luxembourg Malta 316 445,426 1,410 Valletta Malta Moldova 33,846 4,434,547 131.0 Chișinău Moldova Monaco 2.020 38,400 18,713 Monaco Monaco Montenegro 13,812 642,550 45.0 Podgorica Crna Gora/Црна Гора Netherlands 41,543 17,271,990 414.9 Amsterdam Nederland North Macedonia 25,713 2,103,721 80.1 Skopje Северна Македонија ( Severna Makedonija ) Norway 385,203 5,295,619 15.8 Oslo Norge/Noreg/Norga Poland 312,685 38,422,346 123.5 Warsaw Polska Portugal 92,212 10,379,537 115 Lisbon Portugal Romania 238,397 19,638,000 84.4 Bucharest România Russia 17,098,246 144,526,636 8.4 Moscow Россия ( Rossiya ) San Marino 61.2 33,285 520 San Marino San Marino Serbia 88,361 7,040,272 91.1 Belgrade Srbija/Србија Slovakia 49,035 5,435,343 111.0 Bratislava Slovensko Slovenia 20,273 2,066,880 101.8 Ljubljana Slovenija Spain 505,990 46,698,151 92 Madrid España Sweden 450,295 10,151,588 22.5 Stockholm Sverige Switzerland 41,285 8,401,120 202 Bern Schweiz/Suisse/Svizzera/Svizra Turkey 783,356 80,810,525 105 Ankara Türkiye Ukraine 603,628 42,418,235 73.8 Kiev Україна ( Ukraina ) United Kingdom 244,820 66,040,229 270.7 London United Kingdom Vatican City 0.44 1000 2,272 Vatican City Città del Vaticano/Civitas Vaticana Total 50 10,180,000 743,000,000 73 Within the above-mentioned states are several de facto independent countries with limited to no international recognition . None of them are members of the UN : Flag Symbol Name Area ( km² ) Population Population density ( per km² ) Capital Abkhazia 8,660 243,206 28 Sukhumi Artsakh 11,458 150,932 12 Stepanakert Kosovo 10,908 1,920,079 159 Pristina Northern Cyprus 3,355 313,626 93 Nicosia South Ossetia 3,900 53,532 13.7 Tskhinvali Transnistria 4,163 475,665 114 Tiraspol Several dependencies and similar territories with broad autonomy are also found within or in close proximity to Europe . This includes Åland ( a region of Finland ) , two constituent countries of the Kingdom of Denmark ( other than Denmark itself ) , three Crown dependencies , and two British Overseas Territories . Svalbard is also included due to its unique status within Norway , although it is not autonomous . Not included are the three countries of the United Kingdom with devolved powers and the two Autonomous Regions of Portugal , which despite having a unique degree of autonomy , are not largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs . Areas with little more than a unique tax status , such as Heligoland and the Canary Islands , are also not included for this reason .
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. The eastern border comprises a long and mixed line of mountain ranges and waterways that would normally define a subcontinent. However, Europe is generally accorded the status of a full continent because of its great physical size and the weight of history and tradition. It is the 6th largest continent in the world. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth's surface (6.8% of land area). Politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which Russia is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a total population of about 741 million (about 11% of the world population) as of 2018[update]. The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast. Europe, in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome, was the birthplace of Western civilisation.