Beta Code
Diacritic Beta Code Name Examples Coded as
̓ ) Smooth breathing ἐν E ) N
̔ ( Rough breathing ὁ , οἱ O ( , OI (
́ / Acute accent πρός PRO/S
͂ = Circumflex accent τῶν TW=N
̀ \ Grave accent πρὸς PRO\S
̈ + Diaeresis προϊέναι PROI+E/NAI
ͅ | Iota subscript τῷ TW=|
̄ & macron μαχαίρᾱς MAXAI/RA & S
̆ ' Breve μάχαιρᾰ MA/XAIRA '
Encoding -- Accents and diacritics
Beta Code is a method of representing, using only ASCII characters, characters and formatting found in ancient Greek texts (and other ancient languages). Its aim is to be not merely a romanization of the Greek alphabet, but to represent faithfully a wide variety of source texts - including formatting as well as rare or idiosyncratic characters. Beta Code was developed by David W. Packard in the late 1970s and adopted by Thesaurus Linguae Graecae in 1981. It has become the standard for encoding polytonic Greek and has also been used by a number of other projects such as the Perseus Project (which encodes all its Ancient Greek texts using Beta code), the Packard Humanities Institute, the Duke collection of Documentary Papyri, and the Greek Epigraphy Project at Cornell and Ohio State University. Beta Code can be easily converted to a variety of systems for display, most notably Unicode. Systems such as Sophokeys for typing Beta Code but producing Greek glyphs directly in the entered text (rather than when it is typeset or otherwise output) are increasingly popular, with the result that Beta Code, with some variations, has become a sort of universal default keymap for text entry in polytonic Greek.