March 2005  
  
All the best [hackers](gba.html) I know are gradually switching to Macs. My
friend Robert said his whole research group at MIT recently bought themselves
Powerbooks. These guys are not the graphic designers and grandmas who were
buying Macs at Apple's low point in the mid 1990s. They're about as hardcore
OS hackers as you can get.  
  
The reason, of course, is OS X. Powerbooks are beautifully designed and run
FreeBSD. What more do you need to know?  
  
I got a Powerbook at the end of last year. When my IBM Thinkpad's hard disk
died soon after, it became my only laptop. And when my friend Trevor showed up
at my house recently, he was carrying a Powerbook [identical](tlbmac.html) to
mine.  
  
For most of us, it's not a switch to Apple, but a return. Hard as this was to
believe in the mid 90s, the Mac was in its time the canonical hacker's
computer.  
  
In the fall of 1983, the professor in one of my college CS classes got up and
announced, like a prophet, that there would soon be a computer with half a
MIPS of processing power that would fit under an airline seat and cost so
little that we could save enough to buy one from a summer job. The whole room
gasped. And when the Mac appeared, it was even better than we'd hoped. It was
small and powerful and cheap, as promised. But it was also something we'd
never considered a computer could be: fabulously well [designed](taste.html).  
  
I had to have one. And I wasn't alone. In the mid to late 1980s, all the
hackers I knew were either writing software for the Mac, or wanted to. Every
futon sofa in Cambridge seemed to have the same fat white book lying open on
it. If you turned it over, it said "Inside Macintosh."  
  
Then came Linux and FreeBSD, and hackers, who follow the most powerful OS
wherever it leads, found themselves switching to Intel boxes. If you cared
about design, you could buy a Thinkpad, which was at least not actively
repellent, if you could get the Intel and Microsoft
[stickers](designedforwindows.html) off the front. [1]  
  
With OS X, the hackers are back. When I walked into the Apple store in
Cambridge, it was like coming home. Much was changed, but there was still that
Apple coolness in the air, that feeling that the show was being run by someone
who really cared, instead of random corporate deal-makers.  
  
So what, the business world may say. Who cares if hackers like Apple again?
How big is the hacker market, after all?  
  
Quite small, but important out of proportion to its size. When it comes to
computers, what hackers are doing now, everyone will be doing in ten years.
Almost all technology, from Unix to bitmapped displays to the Web, became
popular first within CS departments and research labs, and gradually spread to
the rest of the world.  
  
I remember telling my father back in 1986 that there was a new kind of
computer called a Sun that was a serious Unix machine, but so small and cheap
that you could have one of your own to sit in front of, instead of sitting in
front of a VT100 connected to a single central Vax. Maybe, I suggested, he
should buy some stock in this company. I think he really wishes he'd listened.  
  
In 1994 my friend Koling wanted to talk to his girlfriend in Taiwan, and to
save long-distance bills he wrote some software that would convert sound to
data packets that could be sent over the Internet. We weren't sure at the time
whether this was a proper use of the Internet, which was still then a quasi-
government entity. What he was doing is now called VoIP, and it is a huge and
rapidly growing business.  
  
If you want to know what ordinary people will be doing with computers in ten
years, just walk around the CS department at a good university. Whatever
they're doing, you'll be doing.  
  
In the matter of "platforms" this tendency is even more pronounced, because
novel software originates with [great hackers](gh.html), and they tend to
write it first for whatever computer they personally use. And software sells
hardware. Many if not most of the initial sales of the Apple II came from
people who bought one to run VisiCalc. And why did Bricklin and Frankston
write VisiCalc for the Apple II? Because they personally liked it. They could
have chosen any machine to make into a star.  
  
If you want to attract hackers to write software that will sell your hardware,
you have to make it something that they themselves use. It's not enough to
make it "open." It has to be open and good.  
  
And open and good is what Macs are again, finally. The intervening years have
created a situation that is, as far as I know, without precedent: Apple is
popular at the low end and the high end, but not in the middle. My seventy
year old mother has a Mac laptop. My friends with PhDs in computer science
have Mac laptops. [2] And yet Apple's overall market share is still small.  
  
Though unprecedented, I predict this situation is also temporary.  
  
So Dad, there's this company called Apple. They make a new kind of computer
that's as well designed as a Bang & Olufsen stereo system, and underneath is
the best Unix machine you can buy. Yes, the price to earnings ratio is kind of
high, but I think a lot of people are going to want these.  
  
  
  
**Notes**  
  
[1] These horrible stickers are much like the intrusive ads popular on pre-
Google search engines. They say to the customer: you are unimportant. We care
about Intel and Microsoft, not you.  
  
[2] [Y Combinator](http://ycombinator.com) is (we hope) visited mostly by
hackers. The proportions of OSes are: Windows 66.4%, Macintosh 18.8%, Linux
11.4%, and FreeBSD 1.5%. The Mac number is a big change from what it would
have been five years ago.  
  
  
  

