Minecraft wiki entry for Crops, associated text: Wheat seeds – The growing wheat seeds block is called "Crops" in-game.
Wheat – The crop harvested from fully-grown wheat planted from wheat seeds.
Beetroot seeds – A crop harvested from beetroots.
Beetroot – A crop harvested from beetroots.
Carrot – The crop harvested from carrots.
Potato – A crop harvested from potatoes.
Poisonous Potato – A crop harvested from potatoes.
Melon – The fruit crop harvested from fully-grown melons planted from melon seeds.
Pumpkin – The fruit crop harvested from fully-grown pumpkins planted from pumpkin seeds.
Farmland – The block where all the previous crops can and should be planted. It is created by using a hoe on dirt or grass.
Bamboo – The crop harvested from a bamboo sapling.
Cocoa Beans – The crop harvested from cocoa plants.
Sugar Cane – The crop harvested from sugar canes.
Sweet Berries – The crop harvested from a sweet berry bush.
Cactus – The crop harvested from itself. Can only be planted on any sand block.
Mushrooms – The crop harvested from itself. As long it is planted in dark areas or on podzol or mycelium it can be grown into a giant mushroom by adding bone meal. Also can spread under the same conditions.
Kelp – The crop harvested from itself. It can be planted anywhere underwater.
Sea Pickle – The crop harvested from itself. Should be planted on any alive coral block underwater. If all conditions are met can also spread over other coral blocks when planted.
Nether Wart – A crop that can only be planted on soul sand. Primarily used for brewing.
Chorus Fruit – A crop harvested from chorus plants.
Fungus – A mushroom that grows in the Nether that is planted on nylium. With bone meal, these become huge fungi, with crimson and warped variants.
Glow berries