Minecraft wiki entry for Nether_survival, associated text: Blaze rods, from killing blazes, are needed to make a brewing stand, where all potions are brewed. They are also required for making an eye of ender (making the rod into powder), which can locate an End portal.
Nether wart can be found in nether fortresses or bastion remant and is used to brew the awkward potion, the base for most potions.
Blaze rods can also be crafted into blaze powder, for strength potions, and fuel for the brewing stand.
Magma cream is dropped from killed magma cubes, and can also be crafted from blaze powder and slimeballs. It can be used to brew fire resistance potions.
Gold nuggets dropped by zombified piglins and also when mining gilded blackstone and nether gold ore, can be used to make glistering melon slices, for healing potions, and golden carrots, which is one of the best kinds of food in Minecraft and can also be used to brew night vision and invisibility potions.
Ghast tears drop from killed ghasts, and are used to brew regeneration potions.
Glowstone dust is mined in the Nether, and used to increase potion potency (e.g., from poison to poison II).
Gunpowder is used for creating splash potions.
Piglins can give you water bottles when bartering.