Minecraft wiki entry for Shelters, associated text: Cobblestone
Deepslate and its variants.
Wool
Nether quartz
Terracotta, both plain and stained
Concrete
Obsidian
Bricks
Stone and stone bricks
Sandstone
Nether bricks
Wood planks
Wood logs
Wooden door
Decoration blocks:
Stairs and slabs for a sloping roof and for tables or chairs
Wool or carpets for the floor
Glass and glass panes for windows
Wooden fences or cobblestone walls for pillars, fences and other decorations
Torches for lighting to stop mobs spawning
Extra terracotta is nice too
Stained glass is decorative