Minecraft wiki entry for Rock, associated text: Basalt – columnar basalt found making up the basalt delta biomes of the Nether
Bedrock – the unbreakable layer of rock that limits mining below the deepslate layer; also sandwiches the Nether; unobtainable in survival
Deepslate – the dark gray rock that makes up the deepest mineable layer of the Overworld, below Y=0; useful for crafting
End Stone – a hard, pale yellow material that makes up all the islands of the End
Netherrack – a soft, red material that makes up most of the Nether
Sandstone – a light-colored rock found below almost any sand deposit
Stone – the gray rock that makes up the bulk of the Overworld above Y=−7
Terracotta – a stone found in colorful, exposed layers in the mesa; craftable by cooking clay in a furnace