Minecraft wiki entry for Survival_in_an_infinite_desert, associated text: For large scale mining probably the best approach is to mark out a large square and cut steps down the side of the square in a continuous spiral. For example, a 16×16 square allows you to dig down about 60 layers without needing roofing materials or light sources. (You might want to check your altitude with F3 before starting a mining project). Without tools, progress is slow, and you can potentially waste ore as well. Arguably, there is not much point starting a mine (except a sand mine) unless you have first obtained a pickaxe.