Minecraft wiki entry for Ore, associated text: Coal, diamond, emerald, their respective deepslate variants, and nether quartz ores drop 1 unit of their corresponding material.
Iron, gold, and their respective deepslate variants drop 1 unit of their raw form.
Copper and deepslate copper ores drop 2-5 raw copper.
Redstone and deepslate redstone ores drop 4–5 redstone dust.
Lapis lazuli and deepslate lapis lazuli ores drop 4–9 lapis lazuli.
Nether gold ore drops 2–6 gold nuggets.
Ancient debris is the exception; it drops itself when mined and must be smelted to obtain netherite scrap.