Minecraft wiki entry for Villager, associated text: Farmer (straw hat)
Trades crops and natural foods, such as bread and cookies.
Fisherman (fisher hat)
Trades campfires and fishing items.
Shepherd (brown hat with white apron)
Trades shears, wool, dyes, paintings and beds.
Fletcher (hat with feather and quiver on the back)
Trades bows, crossbows, all types of arrows (except luck) and archery ingredients.
Cleric (purple apron and creeper cloak)
Trades magic items like ender pearls, redstone dust, glowstone dust, and other enchanting or potion ingredients.
Weaponsmith (eyepatch and black apron)
Trades minerals, bells and enchanted melee weapons. The axe enchantments are weapon related, such as sharpness or smite.
Armorer (welding mask)
Trades foundry items and sells chain, iron and enchanted diamond armor tiers.
Toolsmith (black apron)
Trades minerals, bells and harvest tools. The axe enchantments are tool related.
Librarian (eyeglasses and a book as a hat)
Trades enchanted books, clocks, compasses, name tags, glass, ink sacs, lanterns, and book and quills.
Cartographer (golden monocle)
Trades banners, compasses, banner patterns, papers and various maps, including explorer maps.
Leatherworker (brown apron and brown gloves)
Trades scutes, rabbit hide, and leather-related items.
Butcher (red headband and white apron)
Trades meats, sweet berries, rabbit stew, and dried kelp blocks.
Mason‌[JE only]/Stone Mason‌[BE only] (black apron and black gloves)
Trades polished stones, terracotta, clay, glazed terracotta and quartz.
Nitwit (green coated, no badge)
No trades, No badge
Unemployed (no overlay, base clothing of biome without any extra features)
No trades until employed. No badge until employed.