Minecraft wiki entry for Patrol, associated text: The idea of Pillagers appearing in patrols was decided based on wanting Pillagers to not be "hidden away," giving the player a sense of life in the world outside of their personal area.[1]
In Bedrock Edition, it is possible for patrols to spawn directly inside villages.
Although vindicator patroller and captain no longer spawn in Java and Bedrock edition, vindicator captain still can be still found in the game data pack and only summon via command.