Minecraft wiki entry for Rock, associated text: Basalt – columnar basalt found in the bastion remnants of the Nether; It also generates around Amethyst Geodes in its smooth form
Blackstone – black rock that can found in bastions of the Nether
Cobblestone – generates in a variety of structures, including villages and jungle temples
Netherrack – generates in ruined portals and bastion remnants
Obsidian – a superhard rock that can be found in ruined portals
Sandstone – generates in desert pyramids and in desert villages
Calcite - a white rock found around Amethyst Geodes