Minecraft wiki entry for South-east_rule, associated text: Always the same way (only has 1 orientation, no other facing version exists); for example, cobblestone, planks, bookshelf, obsidian, ores, etc.
The texture orientation is based on the location of the block, not dependent on the placing direction (dirt, grass blocks)
Based on the mode of placing, it uses a certain predictable orientation/block state (glazed terracotta, furnace, piston, logs)