Minecraft wiki entry for Ore, associated text: All of the current overworld ores, including deepslate variants.
Naturally generated Diamond Ore, Redstone Ore and Lapis Lazuli Ore found in a canyon. Check the image for seed and cords.
Multiple ores found in one cave.
This graph shows the actual amount of ores found in a relatively small but untapped world as of Java Edition 1.12.2