Risk factors that increase the likelihood of birth asphyxia are categorized based on when they occur, before birth (known as antepartum risk factors), during birth (intrapartum risk factors), or after birth (postpartum risk factors). Antepartum risk factors comprise severe maternal hypotension or hypertension during pregnancy, a history of stillbirth, being too young or too old as a mother. Intrapartum risk factors consist of a fetus with an abnormal presentation, an extended second stage of labor, or giving birth at home. Postpartum risk factors include having a baby with low or high birth weight, preterm delivery, and inadequate resuscitation efforts after birth. 