Provide your best answer for the following question. Give ONLY the answer, no other words or explanation.
For example:

Answer: <most likely answer, as short as possible; not a complete sentence, just the answer!>.

The question is: When hunting by humans causes a species to become extinct, this may produce damaging effects throughout the ecosystem of the extinct species. What is the cause of this damage?
alteration of a food web
Loss of functional roles and trophic cascades.