Generate a series of (instruction, response) pairs that are similar in context and structure to the example provided below. Each pair should consist of a concise instruction followed by an appropriate, detailed response. The instruction should pose a clear task or question, while the response should provide a comprehensive answer or solution that could be understood by someone with a basic understanding of the subject.

Example pair: 
Instruction: Few people would have predicted going into 2022 that it would finally be the year Netflix’s gangbusters growth stalled out. During consecutive quarters this year, the longtime leading streaming site saw year-to-year declines in subscribers, marking the first time that had happened in 10 years.

By the time the streamer reported third-quarter results, its growth was back on track, but the damage was clearly done. NetflixNFLX +1% fast-tracked its new ad-supported tier and began testing a system for banning password sharing. Those moves will be closely scrutinized in 2023, with observers keen to see whether consumers will accept major changes to the very DNA of the popular streamer.

Netflix’s subscriber loss was certainly one of the biggest surprise headlines of 2022. What will be this year’s? Here are five streaming trends to watch for in 2023.


Both Disney+ and Netflix recently introduced ad-supported platforms, and AmazonAMZN -3.7% is accepting ads for Thursday Night Football. How consumers receive the lower-priced, ad-supported tiers may determine whether other platforms adopt similar approaches.

While some initial reports suggested Netflix didn’t meet early advertising promises, this week, CFRA raised its stock price target for the streamer based on a strong outlook for the ad-supported platform. “We think it will be difficult for competitors to catch NFLX, one of the few profitable streaming providers with global scale,” wrote CFRA analyst Kenneth Leon.


The specter of the disastrous CNN+ launch will loom large in 2023. Where it once seemed the market was saturated with 800-pound gorillas like Disney+ and HBO Max, the fast folding of CNN+ and the takeaways from that will serve to keep future niche launches more limited. With people reaching a saturation point with their new subscriptions, it’s a big risk to launch something with limited appeal.

Disney+ has crowed about moving ahead of Netflix in subscribers—which, granted, includes Hulu and ESPN bundles as well. But Disney+ has seen outstanding growth, including adding 12.1 million subscribers in third quarter to boost the three-way total to more than 235 million, or 12 million more than Netflix. Analysts have said they anticipate the recent launch of Disney+’s ad-supported service will push Disney+ even farther ahead in the streaming wars.
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Based on the above text, what are some key trends in the streaming industry?
Response: Ad-supported tiers are growing in popularity among streaming providers as they leverage their global audience and scale. Furthermore, launches of niche products will slow down given the poor reception of CNN+ and as people reach a personal limit of streaming subscriptions. On the flip side, Disney+ is experiencing rampant growth and is expected to pull ahead of the competition in terms of subscriber numbers with the launch of its own ad-supported tier. 

Your task is to generate more pairs that maintain this level of clarity and detail. The topic is Summarization. Write a long text of instruction by yourself, then summarize the given instruction in a response. Ensure that the responses are informative and accurate, suitable for an educational context. 

Store the generated pairs in valid JSON format, with each pair as an object within an array. Each object should have two key-value pairs: "instruction" and "response". For instance: 

{"contents": [{"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, {"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, ...]} 

Remember to maintain consistency in the format and ensure the generated pairs are diverse and cover a broad range of subjects. You must return the response in the asked format and you must not add any additional text in your response.

Text summarization is the process of creating a concise and precise summary of a longer text document. It involves identifying the key points and essential information within a text and condensing it into a shorter form while preserving the overall meaning and context. Summarization techniques are widely used in fields like information retrieval, data mining, and natural language processing. Some common applications of text summarization include generating news article summaries, creating executive summaries of reports, and condensing long documents for quicker comprehension. Explain in detail the key steps and approaches involved in automatic text summarization.
user
Automatic text summarization involves several key steps and approaches:

1. Preprocessing: The text is cleaned by removing unnecessary elements like HTML tags, special characters, and stop words. Stemming and lemmatization may also be performed to reduce words to their root forms.

2. Sentence Tokenization: The text is divided into individual sentences, which serve as the basic units for summarization.

3. Sentence Scoring: Each sentence is assigned a score based on various features like word frequency, position in the text, presence of proper nouns or numerical data, and similarity to the title or topic.

4. Sentence Selection: The top-scoring sentences are selected to form the summary, either by choosing a fixed number of sentences or using a dynamic threshold based on the desired summary length.

5. Summary Generation: The selected sentences are ordered and combined to create a coherent summary. This may involve rewriting, compression, or fusion of sentences to improve readability and flow.

6. Post-processing: The summary may undergo additional processing like removing redundant information, resolving anaphora, and ensuring grammatical correctness.

Common approaches include Extractive Summarization, which selects and concatenates important sentences from the original text, and Abstractive Summarization, which generates entirely new sentences to capture the essence of the text. Advanced techniques like Sequence-to-Sequence models, Graph-based methods, and Attention-based models are also employed for more sophisticated summarization.
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