Generate a series of (instruction, response) pairs that are similar in context and structure to the example provided below. Each pair should consist of a concise instruction followed by an appropriate, detailed response. The instruction should pose a clear task or question, while the response should provide a comprehensive answer or solution that could be understood by someone with a basic understanding of the subject.

Example pair: 
Instruction: Summarize the information about retinoids. Here is the information:
Retinoid: The term "retinoid" is a catch-all for an array of vitamin A-based products used on skin. It can treat mild fine lines and wrinkles, acne, and dark spots. It can also improve skin texture.

If you’re looking to treat uneven skin tone, dark spots, or your skin’s texture, look for the word “retinol.” It’s a type of retinoid that’s used for these purposes.

Retinol can give you younger-looking skin by speeding up new skin cell turnover, which starts to slow in your 20s.

To treat acne, dermatologists prescribe one of these retinoids – adapalene, tazarotene, tretinoin, or trifarotene. You’ll also find adapalene in an acne-fighting product available without a prescription.

When spread on acne-prone skin, a retinoid can unclog pores. This can give you clearer skin and allow other acne gels and creams to work better.

When to apply a retinoid: Dr. Baxt recommends applying a retinoid before bed. After washing your face, wait 20 to 30 minutes and then apply it.

If you find the retinoid too drying, apply a moisturizer immediately after washing your face, using a moisturizer that won’t clog your pores. Then apply the retinoid 20 to 30 minutes later.
Response: Retinoids are vitamin A-based products. They have been found to treat mild fine lines, acne, wrinkles, and dark spots and improve skin texture. Apply retinoids 20 to 30 minutes after washing your face before bed.

Your task is to generate more pairs that maintain this level of clarity and detail. The topic is Summarization. Write a long text of instruction by yourself, then summarize the given instruction in a response. Ensure that the responses are informative and accurate, suitable for an educational context. 

Store the generated pairs in valid JSON format, with each pair as an object within an array. Each object should have two key-value pairs: "instruction" and "response". For instance: 

{"contents": [{"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, {"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, ...]} 

Remember to maintain consistency in the format and ensure the generated pairs are diverse and cover a broad range of subjects. You must return the response in the asked format and you must not add any additional text in your response.

Summarize the following information about summarization techniques:

Summarization is the process of condensing a large piece of text into a shorter version. There are two main types of summarization techniques: extractive and abstractive. Extractive summarization involves selecting and concatenating the most important sentences or phrases from the original text to create a summary. Abstractive summarization, on the other hand, attempts to rewrite the text in a more concise form, generating new sentences that capture the key points of the original text. Abstractive summarization requires a deeper understanding of the text and is more challenging to implement.

Extractive summarization methods often rely on statistical approaches, such as calculating the frequency of words or phrases, or using machine learning algorithms to identify important sentences based on features like position, length, and similarity to the centroid of the document. These methods are generally simpler and faster than abstractive approaches.

Abstractive summarization often involves techniques like sequence-to-sequence models, which take the input text and generate a new summary sequence. These models are trained on parallel datasets of documents and their corresponding human-written summaries. However, creating high-quality training data for abstractive summarization can be costly and time-consuming.

In addition to the extractive and abstractive categorization, summarization techniques can also be classified as supervised or unsupervised. Supervised methods rely on labeled training data, while unsupervised methods attempt to identify patterns and structure in the text without explicit labels. Both approaches have their advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on the specific use case and the availability of labeled data.
user
The given text provides an overview of summarization techniques, which are methods for condensing a large piece of text into a shorter version. Two main types are discussed: extractive summarization, which selects and concatenates important sentences or phrases from the original text, and abstractive summarization, which rewrites the text in a concise form by generating new sentences capturing the key points. Extractive methods often use statistical or machine learning approaches, while abstractive methods employ sequence-to-sequence models trained on parallel datasets of documents and summaries. Summarization techniques can also be classified as supervised or unsupervised, depending on whether they rely on labeled training data or not.
assistant