Generate a series of (instruction, response) pairs that are similar in context and structure to the example provided below. Each pair should consist of a concise instruction followed by an appropriate, detailed response. The instruction should pose a clear task or question, while the response should provide a comprehensive answer or solution that could be understood by someone with a basic understanding of the subject.

Example pair: 
Instruction: Source text:
At its simplest, forex trading is similar to the currency exchange you may do while traveling abroad: A trader buys one currency and sells another, and the exchange rate constantly fluctuates based on supply and demand.

Currencies are traded in the foreign exchange market, a global marketplace that’s open 24 hours a day Monday through Friday. All forex trading is conducted over the counter (OTC), meaning there’s no physical exchange (as there is for stocks) and a global network of banks and other financial institutions oversee the market (instead of a central exchange, like the New York Stock Exchange).

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A vast majority of trade activity in the forex market occurs between institutional traders, such as people who work for banks, fund managers and multinational corporations. These traders don’t necessarily intend to take physical possession of the currencies themselves; they may simply be speculating about or hedging against future exchange rate fluctuations.

A forex trader might buy U.S. dollars (and sell euros), for example, if she believes the dollar will strengthen in value and therefore be able to buy more euros in the future. Meanwhile, an American company with European operations could use the forex market as a hedge in the event the euro weakens, meaning the value of their income earned there falls.

Summarization request:
Briefly summarize how forex trading works and who the major players are.
Response: Forex trading involves exchanging one currency for another. The value of currencies fluctuates constantly based on supply and demand as well as economic factors. Most forex trading is done between large institutions like banks, fund managers, and multinational companies. These major players speculate on the strength of currencies or hedge against changes. They don’t usually take physical possession of the currencies.

Your task is to generate more pairs that maintain this level of clarity and detail. The topic is Summarization. Write a long text of instruction by yourself, then summarize the given instruction in a response. Ensure that the responses are informative and accurate, suitable for an educational context. 

Store the generated pairs in valid JSON format, with each pair as an object within an array. Each object should have two key-value pairs: "instruction" and "response". For instance: 

{"contents": [{"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, {"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, ...]} 

Remember to maintain consistency in the format and ensure the generated pairs are diverse and cover a broad range of subjects. You must return the response in the asked format and you must not add any additional text in your response.

Source text:
Summarization evaluation is an essential task in the field of natural language processing (NLP) and plays a crucial role in assessing the quality and effectiveness of summarization systems. It involves comparing the automatically generated summaries with reference summaries, which are typically created by human experts.

There are two main categories of evaluation metrics used for summarization: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic evaluation metrics assess the quality of the generated summaries based on their content and linguistic properties, without considering their impact on downstream tasks. These metrics include ROUGE (Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation), which measures the overlap of n-grams between the generated and reference summaries, and BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy), which is commonly used in machine translation but can also be adapted for summarization evaluation.

Extrinsic evaluation metrics, on the other hand, measure the performance of summaries in specific downstream tasks or applications. These metrics assess the usefulness of the summaries for a particular task, such as information retrieval, question answering, or reading comprehension.

Both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation metrics have their strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of metric depends on the specific requirements and goals of the summarization system. Additionally, manual evaluation by human annotators is often used to complement automatic metrics, providing a more comprehensive assessment of summary quality.

Summarization request:
Explain the two main categories of evaluation metrics used for summarization (intrinsic and extrinsic), highlighting their differences and providing examples of specific metrics in each category. Discuss the importance of evaluation in the development of effective summarization systems.
user
Summarization evaluation involves comparing automatically generated summaries with reference summaries created by human experts. There are two main categories of evaluation metrics: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic metrics assess the quality of the summaries based on their content and linguistic properties, without considering downstream tasks. Examples include ROUGE, which measures n-gram overlap between generated and reference summaries, and BLEU, adapted from machine translation. Extrinsic metrics measure the performance of summaries in specific downstream tasks or applications, assessing their usefulness for tasks like information retrieval or question answering. Both intrinsic and extrinsic metrics have advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on the requirements of the summarization system. Manual evaluation by human annotators is also important for a comprehensive assessment of summary quality. Evaluation is crucial for developing effective summarization systems and ensuring they meet the desired criteria.
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