Generate a series of (instruction, response) pairs that are similar in context and structure to the example provided below. Each pair should consist of a concise instruction followed by an appropriate, detailed response. The instruction should pose a clear task or question, while the response should provide a comprehensive answer or solution that could be understood by someone with a basic understanding of the subject.

Example pair: 
Instruction: Summarize the information about retinoids. Here is the information:
Retinoid: The term "retinoid" is a catch-all for an array of vitamin A-based products used on skin. It can treat mild fine lines and wrinkles, acne, and dark spots. It can also improve skin texture.

If you’re looking to treat uneven skin tone, dark spots, or your skin’s texture, look for the word “retinol.” It’s a type of retinoid that’s used for these purposes.

Retinol can give you younger-looking skin by speeding up new skin cell turnover, which starts to slow in your 20s.

To treat acne, dermatologists prescribe one of these retinoids – adapalene, tazarotene, tretinoin, or trifarotene. You’ll also find adapalene in an acne-fighting product available without a prescription.

When spread on acne-prone skin, a retinoid can unclog pores. This can give you clearer skin and allow other acne gels and creams to work better.

When to apply a retinoid: Dr. Baxt recommends applying a retinoid before bed. After washing your face, wait 20 to 30 minutes and then apply it.

If you find the retinoid too drying, apply a moisturizer immediately after washing your face, using a moisturizer that won’t clog your pores. Then apply the retinoid 20 to 30 minutes later.
Response: Retinoids are vitamin A-based products. They have been found to treat mild fine lines, acne, wrinkles, and dark spots and improve skin texture. Apply retinoids 20 to 30 minutes after washing your face before bed.

Your task is to generate more pairs that maintain this level of clarity and detail. The topic is Summarization. Write a long text of instruction by yourself, then summarize the given instruction in a response. Ensure that the responses are informative and accurate, suitable for an educational context. 

Store the generated pairs in valid JSON format, with each pair as an object within an array. Each object should have two key-value pairs: "instruction" and "response". For instance: 

{"contents": [{"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, {"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, ...]} 

Remember to maintain consistency in the format and ensure the generated pairs are diverse and cover a broad range of subjects. You must return the response in the asked format and you must not add any additional text in your response.

Summarize the following information about the steps involved in summarization:

Summarization typically involves several steps:

1. Preprocessing: The input text is cleaned and processed, which may involve tokenization, stopword removal, stemming/lemmatization, and other text normalization techniques.

2. Content selection: The most important information from the input text is identified and selected for inclusion in the summary. This can be done using techniques like keyword extraction, sentence scoring based on features like position and length, or more advanced methods like topic modeling or graph-based ranking.

3. Content organization: If necessary, the selected content is reorganized or restructured to improve coherence and flow in the summary. This may involve reordering sentences, removing redundancies, or generating transitions between sentences.

4. Summary generation: For extractive summarization, the selected sentences or phrases are concatenated to form the final summary. For abstractive summarization, the selected content is used as input for a language model or sequence-to-sequence model to generate the summary text.

5. Post-processing: The generated summary may undergo additional processing, such as length adjustment, formatting, or grammar and style corrections.

6. Evaluation: The quality of the summary is assessed, typically using metrics like ROUGE (Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation) or human evaluation. The evaluation results can be used to refine the summarization model or algorithm.
user
The summarization process typically involves several steps: preprocessing the input text, selecting the most important content, organizing the selected content, generating the summary (either by concatenating selected sentences/phrases or using a language model), post-processing the summary, and evaluating the quality of the summary using metrics like ROUGE or human evaluation. The content selection step can use techniques like keyword extraction, sentence scoring, topic modeling, or graph-based ranking, while the organization step may involve reordering sentences, removing redundancies, or generating transitions.
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