Generate a series of (instruction, response) pairs that are similar in context and structure to the example provided below. Each pair should consist of a concise instruction followed by an appropriate, detailed response. The instruction should pose a clear task or question, while the response should provide a comprehensive answer or solution that could be understood by someone with a basic understanding of the subject.

Example pair: 
Instruction: Please summarize how Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month was started based on the text below: 

History
A former congressional staffer in the 1970s, Jeanie Jew, first approached Representative Frank Horton with the idea of designating a month to recognize Asian Pacific Americans, following the bicentennial celebrations.[19] In June 1977, Representatives Horton, and Norman Y. Mineta, introduced a United States House of Representatives resolution to proclaim the first ten days of May as Asian-Pacific Heritage Week.[20][21] A similar bill was introduced in the Senate a month later by Daniel Inouye and Spark Matsunaga.[20][22]

The proposed resolutions sought that May be designated for two reasons. For on May 7, 1843, the first Japanese immigrant arrived in the United States.[23][24][25] More than two decades later, on May 10, 1869, the golden spike was driven into the first transcontinental railroad, which was completed using Chinese labor.[23][24][26]

President Jimmy Carter signed a joint resolution for the celebration on October 5, 1978.[20]

On May 1, 2009, President Barack Obama signed Proclamation 8369, recognizing the month of May as Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.[1][27]
Response: A former congressional staffer with the idea approached a representative about it in the 1970s. In 1977, a resolution was introduced in the House and the Senate, and the President signed it in 1978. However, that resolution was only for the first ten days of May. It wasn't until 2009 that the whole month of May was named Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.

Your task is to generate more pairs that maintain this level of clarity and detail. The topic is Summarization. Write a long text of instruction by yourself, then summarize the given instruction in a response. Ensure that the responses are informative and accurate, suitable for an educational context. 

Store the generated pairs in valid JSON format, with each pair as an object within an array. Each object should have two key-value pairs: "instruction" and "response". For instance: 

{"contents": [{"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, {"instruction": "text", "response": "text"}, ...]} 

Remember to maintain consistency in the format and ensure the generated pairs are diverse and cover a broad range of subjects. You must return the response in the asked format and you must not add any additional text in your response.

Summarize the main challenges and future directions discussed for automatic summarization in the following text:

While significant progress has been made in automatic summarization, several key challenges remain, and there are numerous avenues for future research and development:

1. Generating coherent and fluent summaries: Current systems still struggle to produce summaries that are truly coherent and read like natural language, often generating disjointed or grammatically incorrect text.

2. Accounting for context and background knowledge: Effective summarization requires understanding the broader context and drawing upon background knowledge, which remains a significant challenge for current models.

3. Handling multimodal and multimedia data: Most summarization techniques focus on text, but there is a growing need to summarize multimodal data, such as images, videos, and audio, as well as combinations of different modalities.

4. Customizing summaries for specific users and purposes: Summaries should ideally be tailored to the user's needs, background, and intended purpose, requiring personalization and adaptation capabilities.

5. Ensuring factual accuracy and mitigating biases: Summarization systems can sometimes introduce factual errors or propagate biases present in the original data, which is a critical concern for applications where accuracy is paramount.

6. Improving evaluation methods: Developing more comprehensive and reliable evaluation methods that capture various aspects of summary quality and usefulness is an ongoing challenge.

7. Addressing ethical and societal implications: As summarization systems become more widespread, it is crucial to address ethical concerns, such as privacy, transparency, and potential misuse or manipulation of information.

Future research directions include exploring new neural architectures, incorporating commonsense reasoning, developing multimodal and multimedia summarization techniques, advancing personalization and adaptation methods, enhancing factual accuracy and bias mitigation, refining evaluation metrics, and establishing ethical guidelines and frameworks for responsible summarization.
user
Key challenges in automatic summarization include generating truly coherent and fluent summaries, accounting for context and background knowledge, handling multimodal and multimedia data, customizing summaries for specific users and purposes, ensuring factual accuracy and mitigating biases, improving evaluation methods, and addressing ethical and societal implications. Future research directions involve exploring new neural architectures, incorporating commonsense reasoning, developing multimodal techniques, advancing personalization and adaptation, enhancing factual accuracy and bias mitigation, refining evaluation metrics, and establishing ethical guidelines for responsible summarization.
assistant