While advantageous to the reproductive success of the individual male, traumatic insemination imposes a cost on females-reduced lifespan and decreased reproductive output.
Traumatic insemination results in reduced lifespan and decreased reproductive output. While advantageous to the reproductive success of the individual male, traumatic insemination imposes a cost on females.
While advantageous to the reproductive success of the individual male, traumatic insemination imposes a cost on females. Traumatic insemination results in reduced lifespan and decreased reproductive output.
While advantageous to the reproductive success of the individual male, traumatic insemination imposes a cost on females. Traumatic insemination results in reduced lifespan and decreased reproductive output.