At a pH below their pI, proteins carry a net positive charge; above their pI they carry a net negative charge.
Above their pI they carry a net negative charge. At a pH below their pI, proteins carry a net positive charge.
At a pH below their pI, proteins carry a net positive charge. Above their pI they carry a net negative charge.
At a pH below their pI, proteins carry a net positive charge. Above their pI they carry a net negative charge.