COUNCIL REGULATION (EURATOM) No 237/2014
of 13 December 2013
establishing an Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in particular Article 203 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (1),
Whereas:
(1)
The Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation, established by Council Regulation (Euratom) No 300/2007 (2), constitutes one of the instruments providing direct support for the external policies of the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community.
(2)
The Union is a major provider of economic, financial, technical, humanitarian and macroeconomic assistance to third countries. This Regulation forms part of the framework devised for the planning of cooperation and the provision of assistance aimed at supporting the promotion of a high level of nuclear safety, radiation protection and the application of efficient and effective safeguards of nuclear material in third countries.
(3)
The Chernobyl accident in 1986 highlighted the global importance of nuclear safety. The Fukushima Daiichi accident in 2011 confirmed the need for continued efforts to improve nuclear safety and reach the highest standards. To create the conditions of safety necessary in order to eliminate hazards to the life and health of the public, the Community should be able to support nuclear safety in third countries.
(4)
By acting within common policies and strategies with its Member States, the Union alone has the critical mass to respond to global challenges and is also best placed to coordinate cooperation with third countries.
(5)
By Commission Decision 1999/819/Euratom (3), the Community acceded to the 1994 Convention on Nuclear Safety. By Commission Decision 2005/510/Euratom (4), the Community also acceded to the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management.
(6)
In order to maintain and promote the continuous improvement of nuclear safety and its regulation, the Council adopted Directive 2009/71/Euratom (5) and Directive 2011/70/Euratom (6). These Directives and the high standards of nuclear safety and of radioactive waste and spent fuel management implemented in the Community are examples to be used in order to encourage third countries to adopt similar high standards.
(7)
The promotion of regulatory and other forms of cooperation with emerging economies and the promotion of Union approaches, rules, standards and practices are external policy objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy.
(8)
The Community Member States are signatory parties of the Non Proliferation Treaty and the Additional Protocol.
(9)
The Community already pursues close cooperation, in accordance with Chapter 10 of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (‘Euratom Treaty’), with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), both in relation to nuclear safeguards, in furtherance of the objectives of Chapter 7 of Title Two of the Euratom Treaty, and in relation to nuclear safety.
(10)
There are a number of international organisations and programmes pursuing objectives similar to those of this Regulation, such as the IAEA, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA), European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the Northern Dimension Environmental Partnership (NDEP).
(11)
There is a particular need for the Community to continue its efforts in support of the application of effective safeguards of nuclear material in third countries, building on its own safeguard activities within the Union.
(12)
In the application of this Regulation, the Commission should consult the European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group (ENSREG) prior to the elaboration and adoption of the strategy paper and multiannual indicative programmes. The action programmes should be based on consultation, where relevant, with the national regulatory bodies of the Member States, and on a dialogue with the partner countries.
(13)
The measures supporting the objectives of this Regulation should also be supported by exploiting further synergies with the direct and indirect actions of the Euratom Framework Programmes in nuclear research and training.
(14)
It is understood that the responsibility for the safety of the installation rests with the operator and the State having the jurisdiction over the installation.
(15)
While Union external assistance has increasing financing needs, the economic and budgetary situation of the Union limits the resources available for such assistance. The Commission should therefore seek the most efficient use of available resources through, in particular, the use of financial instruments with leverage effect. Such leverage effect is increased by allowing the possibility to use and re-use the funds invested and generated by those financial instruments.
(16)
In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this Regulation, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission.
(17)
The implementing powers relating to the programming and financing of the actions supported under this Regulation, should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 (7), which is to apply for the purpose of this Regulation, notwithstanding the fact that it does not refer to Article 106a of the Euratom Treaty. Taking into account the nature of those implementing acts, in particular their policy orientation nature or their financial implications, the examination procedure provided for in that Regulation is to, in principle, be used for their adoption, except for technical implementing measures on a small financial scale. The Commission should adopt immediately applicable implementing acts where, in duly justified cases relating to a nuclear or radiological accident, including accidental exposure, the need for a swift response from the Community to mitigate its consequences or imperative grounds of urgency so require.
(18)
The rules and procedures laid down in Regulation (EU) No 236/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council (8), should apply for the implementation of this Regulation, as appropriate.
(19)
The Union and the Community continue to be served by a single institutional framework. It is therefore essential to ensure consistency between the external action of both. The European External Action Service is to be involved, where appropriate, in the programming of this instrument, in accordance with Council Decision 2010/427/EU (9).
(20)
The Union should seek the most efficient use of available resources in order to optimise the impact of its external action. This should be achieved through coherence and complementarity between Instruments for external action, as well as the creation of synergies between this Instrument, other Instruments for external action and other policies of the Union. This should further entail mutual reinforcement of the programmes devised under these Instruments.
(21)
This Regulation replaces Regulation (Euratom) No 300/2007, which expires on 31 December 2013.
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
TITLE I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
General objective
The Union shall finance measures to support the promotion of a high level of nuclear safety, radiation protection, and the application of efficient and effective safeguards of nuclear material in third countries, in line with the provisions of this Regulation and the Annex thereto.
Article 2
Specific objectives
Cooperation under this Regulation shall pursue the following specific objectives:
(1)
the promotion of an effective nuclear safety culture and implementation of the highest nuclear safety and radiation protection standards, and continuous improvement of nuclear safety;
(2)
responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste, namely transport, pre-treatment, treatment, processing, storage and disposal, and the decommissioning and remediation of former nuclear sites and installations;
(3)
the establishment of frameworks and methodologies for the application of efficient and effective safeguards for nuclear material in third countries.
Article 3
Specific measures
1. The objectives set out in point 1 of Article 2 shall be pursued through, in particular, the following measures:
(a)
support for regulatory bodies, technical support organisations;
(b)
reinforcement of the regulatory framework, in particular with regard to review and assessment, licensing and oversight activities for nuclear power plants and other nuclear installations;
(c)
promotion of effective regulatory frameworks, procedures and systems to ensure adequate protection against ionising radiations from radioactive materials, in particular from high activity radioactive sources, and their safe disposal;
(d)
establishment of effective arrangements for the prevention of accidents with radiological consequences, including accidental exposure, as well as the mitigation of such consequences should they occur, for example, monitoring the environment in case of radioactive releases, design and implementation of mitigation and remediation activities and cooperation with national and international organisations in the case of accidental exposure, and for emergency-planning, preparedness and response, civil protection and rehabilitation measures;
(e)
support for ensuring safety of nuclear installations and sites regarding practical protective measures designed to reduce existing radiation risks to the health of workers and of the general public.
2. The objectives set out in point 2 of Article 2 shall be pursued through, in particular, the following measures:
(a)
support for regulatory bodies, technical support organisations, and the reinforcement of the regulatory framework, in particular with regard to the responsible and safe management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste;
(b)
development and implementation of specific strategies and frameworks for the responsible and safe management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste;
(c)
development and implementation of strategies and frameworks for decommissioning existing installations, for the remediation of former nuclear sites and legacy sites related to uranium mining, and for the recovery and management of sunken radioactive objects and material at sea.
3. The objective set out in point 3 of Article 2 shall be limited to the technical aspects that ensure that ores, source material and special fissile material are not diverted from their intended uses as declared by the users. It shall be pursued through, in particular, the following measures:
(a)
the establishment of the necessary regulatory framework, methodologies, technology and approaches for the implementation of nuclear safeguards, including for the proper accounting and control of fissile materials at State and operators' level;
(b)
support for the infrastructure and training of personnel.
4. The measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 may include actions to promote international cooperation, including implementation and monitoring of international Conventions and Treaties. They shall also include a substantial element of knowledge transfer, such as exchange of information, capacity building and training in the area of nuclear safety and research, in order to reinforce the sustainability of the results achieved. They shall be implemented through cooperation with the competent authorities of Member States of the Union and/or with third countries' authorities, nuclear regulators and their technical support organisations, and/or relevant international organisations, in particular the IAEA. In specific and duly justified cases, the measures concerning points (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 shall be implemented through cooperation with operators and/or competent organisations from the Member States and third countries' operators of nuclear installations, as defined in Article 3(1) of Directive 2009/71/Euratom, and nuclear sites.
Article 4
Compliance, coherence and complementarity
1. Progress towards the achievement of the specific objectives set out in Article 2 shall be assessed, respectively, through the following performance indicators:
(a)
the number and importance of issues identified during the implementation of the cooperation;
(b)
the status of development of the spent fuel, nuclear waste and decommissioning strategies, of the respective legislative and regulatory framework and of implementation of projects;
(c)
the number and importance of issues identified in relevant nuclear safeguards reports.
Prior to the implementation of the projects, and taking into account the particularities of each action, specific indicators for monitoring, evaluation and review of performance shall be defined as referred to in Article 7(2).
2. The Commission shall ensure that the measures adopted are consistent with the Union's overall strategic policy framework for the partner country concerned, and in particular with the objectives of that partner country's development and economic cooperation policies and programmes.
3. The financial, economic and technical cooperation provided under this Regulation shall be complementary to that provided by the Union under other instruments.
TITLE II
PROGRAMMING AND INDICATIVE ALLOCATION OF FUNDS
Article 5
Strategy paper
1. Community cooperation under this Regulation shall be implemented on the basis of a general multiannual strategy paper for the Instrument for Nuclear Safety Cooperation.
2. The strategy paper shall constitute a general basis for the cooperation and shall be established for a period up to seven years. It shall set out the Community's strategy for cooperation under this Regulation, having regard to the needs of the countries concerned, the Community's priorities, the international situation and the activities of the respective third countries. The strategy paper shall also indicate the added value of the cooperation and how to avoid duplication with other programmes and initiatives, in particular those of international organisations pursuing similar objectives and major donors.
3. The strategy paper shall aim at providing a coherent framework for cooperation between the Community and the third countries or regions concerned, consistent with the overall purpose and scope, objectives, principles and policy of the Community.
4. Preparation of the strategy paper shall be subject to the principles of aid effectiveness: national ownership, partnership, coordination, harmonisation, alignment to recipient country or regional systems, mutual accountability and results orientation.
5. The Commission shall approve the strategy paper, in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 11(2). The Commission shall review and, if necessary, update the strategy paper at mid-term, or whenever necessary, following the same procedure.
Article 6
Multiannual indicative programmes
1. Multiannual indicative programmes shall be drawn up on the basis of the strategy paper referred to in Article 5. Multiannual indicative programmes shall cover a period of 2 to 4 years.
2. Multiannual indicative programmes shall set out the priority areas selected for financing, the specific objectives, the expected results, the performance indicators and the indicative financial allocations, both overall and per priority area, and including a reasonable reserve of unallocated funds. This may be given in the form of a range or a minimum, where appropriate. Multiannual indicative programmes shall set out guidelines to avoid duplication.
3. Multiannual indicative programmes shall be based on a request from and on a dialogue with the partner countries or region(s) which involves the stakeholders, so as to ensure that the country or region concerned takes sufficient ownership of the process, and to encourage support for national development strategies. In order to achieve complementarity and avoid duplication, the multiannual indicative programmes shall take into account the current and planned international cooperation, in particular with international organisations pursuing similar objectives, and major donors in the fields set out in Article 2. The multiannual indicative programmes shall also indicate the added value of the cooperation.
4. The Commission shall adopt the multiannual indicative programmes in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 11(2). The Commission shall, following the same procedure, revise and, if necessary, update those indicative programmes, taking into account any review of the strategy paper referred to in Article 5.
TITLE III
IMPLEMENTATION
Article 7
Annual action programs
1. The annual action programmes (hereinafter referred to as ‘action programmes’) shall be drawn up on the basis of the strategy paper and multiannual indicative programmes referred to in Articles 5 and 6, respectively. The action programmes shall be set out for each third country or region and shall specify details concerning the implementation of cooperation provided under this Regulation.
Exceptionally, in particular where an action programme has not yet been adopted, the Commission may, on the basis of the indicative programming documents, adopt individual measures under the same rules and procedures as for the action programmes.
In the event of unforeseen and duly justified needs, circumstances or commitments, the Commission may adopt special measures not provided for in the indicative programming documents.
2. The action programmes shall specify the objectives pursued, the fields of intervention, the measures and projects envisaged, the expected results, the management procedures and total amount of financing planned. They shall contain a summary description of the operations to be financed, an indication of the amounts allocated for each operation, an indicative implementation timetable and specific indicators for monitoring, evaluation and review of performance, as appropriate. They shall include, if appropriate, the results of any lesson learned from previous cooperation.
3. The Commission shall adopt the action programmes, individual measures and special measures in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 11(2). The Commission may revise and extend the action programmes and the measures following the same procedure.
4. By derogation from paragraph 3, the examination procedure referred to in Article 11(2) shall not be required for:
(i)
individual measures for which the Union's financial assistance does not exceed EUR 5 million;
(ii)
special measures for which the Union's financial assistance does not exceed EUR 5 million;
(iii)
technical amendments to action programmes, individual measures and special measures.
For the purposes of this paragraph, ‘technical amendments’ shall mean adjustments such as:
-
extending the implementation period,
-
reassigning funds between actions contained in annual action programmes, individual and special measures and projects by not more than 20 % of the initial budget, but not exceeding EUR 5 million, or
-
increasing or reducing the budget of the annual action programmes, individual or special measures by not more than 20 % of the initial budget and not exceeding EUR 5 million,
provided that these amendments do not substantially affect the objectives of the initial measures and action programmes.
Measures adopted under this paragraph shall be communicated to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the Committee referred to in Article 11(1) within one month of their adoption.
5. On duly justified imperative grounds of urgency relating to the need for a swift response from the Community to mitigate consequences of a nuclear or radiological accident, the Commission shall adopt or amend the action programmes or measures by means of immediately applicable implementing acts in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 11(3).
6. The Commission may decide to join any initiative launched by international organisations and major donors pursuing similar objectives as far as that initiative complies with the general objective set out in Article 1. The corresponding financing decision shall be taken in accordance with the procedure referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article.
Article 8
Coherence and complementarity
Any programming or reviews of programmes taking place after the publication of the mid-term report referred to in Article 17 of Regulation (EU) No 236/2014 shall take into account the results, findings and conclusions of it.
Article 9
Implementation
This Regulation shall be implemented in accordance with Articles 1(3), 1(4), 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 17 of Regulation (EU) No 236/2014 unless specified otherwise in this Regulation.
Article 10
Report
The Commission shall examine the progress achieved in implementing the measures undertaken pursuant to this Regulation and shall submit to the European Parliament and the Council an annual report on the implementation of the cooperation referred to in this Regulation. The report shall contain information relating to the previous year on the measures financed, information on the results of monitoring and evaluation exercises and the implementation of budget commitments and payments, broken down by country, region and type of cooperation.
TITLE IV
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 11
Committee
1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Nuclear Safety Cooperation Committee. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.
2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.
3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 8 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011, in conjunction with Article 5 thereof, shall apply.
Article 12
European External Action Service
The application of this Regulation shall be in accordance with Article 9 of Decision 2010/427/EU.
Article 13
Financial reference amount
1. The financial reference amount for the implementation of this Regulation over the period 2014 to 2020 shall be EUR 225 321 000.
2. Annual appropriations shall be authorised by the European Parliament and Council within the limits of the multiannual financial framework.
Article 14
Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
It shall apply from 1 January 2014 until 31 December 2020.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States in accordance with the Treaties.
Done at Brussels, 13 December 2013.