text: A lower-bound temperature named for this phenomenon is equal to Plank’s constant times the spectral linewidth over two times Boltzmann’s constant, and can be exceeded using an optical molasses.
full_question: A lower-bound temperature named for this phenomenon is equal to Plank’s constant times the spectral linewidth over two times Boltzmann’s constant, and can be exceeded using an optical molasses. Collisions lessen the effect of this phenomenon on spectral lines in the Dicke effect, thus narrowing the impact of this phenomenon’s namesake “broadening.” It names a commonly used form of laser cooling. Ives and Stilwell measured the “transverse” form of, for 10 points, what change in frequency of a wave caused by the relative motion of an observer and a source?
first_sentence: A lower-bound temperature named for this phenomenon is equal to Plank’s constant times the spectral linewidth over two times Boltzmann’s constant, and can be exceeded using an optical molasses.