text: A paper by Lutchyn, Sau and Das Sarma details how observing one of these events in a nanowire would prove the existence of Majorana fermions.
full_question: A paper by Lutchyn, Sau and Das Sarma details how observing one of these events in a nanowire would prove the existence of Majorana fermions. Widom scaling leads to the dependence of critical exponents that characterize these events. The dissociation of vortex-antivortex pairs occurs during one of these events named for Kosterlitz and Thouless. YBCO undergoes one of these events at an abnormally high temperature. In contrast, elemental mercury undergoes one at about 234 Kelvin, far lower than most metals. When materials are brought past these events' points without undergoing these events, the material can enter metastates such as supercooled or superheated. For 10 points, name these events such as freezing, which are transitions between different states of matter.
first_sentence: A paper by Lutchyn, Sau and Das Sarma details how observing one of these events in a nanowire would prove the existence of Majorana fermions.