text: One thinker from this non-Greek tradition defended the immortality of the soul in Phaedon and waspart of this tradition's enlightenment or Haskalah.
full_question: One thinker from this non-Greek tradition defended the immortality of the soul in Phaedon and waspart of this tradition's enlightenment or Haskalah. Another philosopher of this religion criticized themethods, but not the conclusions, of the Kalam school in a treatise whose third book begins with anexegesis of a passage about a chariot. That book argued that the God of this religion can only bedescribed by what he is (*) not and attempted to reconcile Aristotelianism with this religion. The TractatusTheologico-Politicus disputed this religion's claim to chosenness. The Guide for the Perplexed was written by a member ofthis religion, Maimonides. For 10 points, name this religion from which Baruch Spinoza was expelled for denyingthe divine origins of the Torah.
first_sentence: One thinker from this non-Greek tradition defended the immortality of the soul in Phaedon and waspart of this tradition's enlightenment or Haskalah.
raw_answer: Judaism [or Jewish; or other word forms] 