text: A predecessor to this empire was ruled by the chieftain Heraios, who minted notable coins showing his deliberately deformed head.
full_question: A predecessor to this empire was ruled by the chieftain Heraios, who minted notable coins showing his deliberately deformed head. This state did not rule Sri Lanka, but it did convene a Fourth Buddhist Council that produced the Maha-vibhasha in Kashmir. This empire administered regional power at Mathura and Bagram, and its founder used coinage to link himself to Hermaeus. The Rabatak Inscription describes the greatest king of this polity, a grandson of Kujula Kadphises who built a great stupa in his capital at Peshawar to champion Buddhism. This branch of the Yuezhi was ruled by Kanishka the Great, but after Kidara's revolt, this empire was dissected by the Hephthalites, Guptas, and Sassanids. For 10 points, name this empire in power from the 1st to the 4th century CE, based around the Amu Darya in modern-day Afghanistan.
first_sentence: A predecessor to this empire was ruled by the chieftain Heraios, who minted notable coins showing his deliberately deformed head.
raw_answer: Kushan Empire [or Kushana]