The KATRIN experiments at the University of Mainz developed the MAC-E filter to study these particles.
The KATRIN experiments at the University of Mainz developed the MAC-E filter to study these particles. The mass of these particles can be expressed via the vacuum expectation value of a Higgs triplet field. An asymmetry between these particles traveling "up" and those traveling "down" was discussed in a 1998 paper by Y. Fukuda et al. Up to three CP-violating phases are needed to parameterize a construct describing these particles, which can have mixing angles as large as 45 degrees. An experiment at Brookhaven showed that these particles spin opposite their momentum, suggesting that they are all left-handed. The PMNS matrix predicts the relative contribution of three mass eigenstates to these particles. Arthur McDonald and Takaaki Kajita won the 2015 Nobel in Physics for detecting their flavor oscillations. For 10 points, name these actually-not-massless neutral leptons.
The KATRIN experiments at the University of Mainz developed the MAC-E filter to study these particles.
neutrinos [or antineutrinos; or electron  neutrinos; or muon neutrinos; or tau neutrinos]