For integrable systems, changing to coordinates named for this term, represented by capital I or J, ispart of straightening out flow lines.
For integrable systems, changing to coordinates named for this term, represented by capital I or J, ispart of straightening out flow lines. For a separable and periodic system, variables denoted by this termare a constant of motion that can be defined in terms of the area in phase space taken over one periodof the motion; those constants of motion are paired with angle coordinates. Solutions to the EulerÂ–Lagrange equation extremize this quantity, whose critical points correspond to physical trajectories.This quantity is a functional defined as the integral, between two values of time for an input evolution,of the Lagrangian. For 10 points, name this quantity that is minimized by paths that physical systemstake, analogous to Fermat's (fair-MAH's) principle of least time.
For integrable systems, changing to coordinates named for this term, represented by capital I or J, ispart of straightening out flow lines.
action [prompt on S or J]