DESCRIPTION ACCEPTABLE. A study by the de la Fuente Marcos brothers confirmed that a set of evidence for this hypothesis was not due to observational bias.
DESCRIPTION ACCEPTABLE. A study by the de la Fuente Marcos brothers confirmed that a set of evidence for this hypothesis was not due to observational bias. A paper on this subject notes that there is insufficient mass for Madigan and McCourt's suggestion of inclination instability. An anomalous cluster of omega values librating about zero is consistent with the Kozai mechanism that would be implied if it were true. This hypothesis was originally put forth after simulations meant to refute Sheppard and Trujillo's observations actually provided evidence for their proposal. The results of those simulations about this hypothesis were announced by Konstantin Batygin and famed "Pluto-killer" Mike Brown in a January 2016 paper. For 10 points, what is this hypothesis that a large gas giant is lurking in the Kuiper Belt?
DESCRIPTION ACCEPTABLE. A study by the de la Fuente Marcos brothers confirmed that a set of evidence for this hypothesis was not due to observational bias.
Planet Nine [accept descriptions like "the recent paper about another planet out there", accept answers about trans-Neptunian planets or fifth gas giants, prompt on "planet migration" or the Nice model]