Zwanzig developed a method of estimating changes in this quantity by averaging exponentials of potential differences; that method is generally considered inferior to the Bennett acceptance ratio.
Zwanzig developed a method of estimating changes in this quantity by averaging exponentials of potential differences; that method is generally considered inferior to the Bennett acceptance ratio. Crooks' formulation of the fluctuation theorem can be used to derive an equation that states the mean value of "e to the minus W times beta" equals "e to the negative change in this quantity times beta." Mean field theory states that this quantity is bounded by the expectation value of the Hamiltonian minus temperature times entropy. Temperature replaces entropy as an independent variable when computing this quantity via a Legendre transform of internal energy. In the canonical ensemble, this quantity is proportional to the natural log of the partition function. Temperature and volume are the natural variables of, for 10 points, what thermodynamic quantity symbolized A or F?
Zwanzig developed a method of estimating changes in this quantity by averaging exponentials of potential differences; that method is generally considered inferior to the Bennett acceptance ratio.
Helmholtz free energy [accept  A or  F before mention, prompt after, prompt on "free energy," do not accept or prompt on "G" or "Gibbs free energy"]