Hannu Nurmi created a four-level hierarchy which describes the manipulation that can occur in various kinds of these systems.
Hannu Nurmi created a four-level hierarchy which describes the manipulation that can occur in various kinds of these systems. In a seminal analysis of these systems by Robin Farquharson, he analyzes a letter by Pliny the Younger about the consul Afranius Dexter. Peter Ordeshook and William Riker propounded the formula "p B minus C plus D" in their book on the theory of "the calculus of" these systems. Anthony Downs gives his name to a paradox which holds that their costs seem to exceed the expected benefits. Duncan Black discovered the single-peakedness theorem in studying these systems, for which he developed a two-method approach. TheNanson-Baldwin rules can be applied to them, as well as a method named for Jean-Charles de Borda. For 10 points, name this kind of system which can use the Condorcet method or the "first-past-the-post" method in order to identify a winning candidate.
Hannu Nurmi created a four-level hierarchy which describes the manipulation that can occur in various kinds of these systems.
voting systems [or election systems; or obvious equivalents indicating that a winner is being chosen by voters]