After this king sponsored a contest to create a low-cost alternative to butter, a chemist invented margarine.
After this king sponsored a contest to create a low-cost alternative to butter, a chemist invented margarine. This leader's relationship with the Countess of Castiglione, a pioneering photography model and spy, was set up to influence his policies towards her country. A general from this monarch's country defeated Ferenc Gyulay at the Battle of Magenta. After the Plombieres Agreement, this monarch's army united with (*) Victor Emmanuel II's forces to win the Battle of Solferino against Franz Joseph during the Italian Wars for Independence. Baron Haussmann renovated Paris under this ruler. The Paris Commune rose to power after this monarch was captured by Otto von Bismarck's forces at the Battle of Sedan. For 10 points, name this last leader of the Second French Empire.
After this king sponsored a contest to create a low-cost alternative to butter, a chemist invented margarine.
Napoleon III [or Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte; prompt on Napoleon; prompt on Bonaparte; do not accept or prompt on "Napoleon Bonaparte"]