text: While consulting a plywood manufacturer, a mathematician from this country developed a method offinding "objectively determined valuations" or "shadow prices" for goods through linear programming.
full_question: While consulting a plywood manufacturer, a mathematician from this country developed a method offinding "objectively determined valuations" or "shadow prices" for goods through linear programming. In thearticle "Plans, Profits, and Bonuses," an economist here argued for using profit rather than output as anindicator of economic success. Paul Samuelson's Economics textbook contained predictions of when thiscountry's GNP would surpass that of the United States that kept being pushed back in later editions. JosephSchumpeter named 50 year-long economic growth waves after a man from here who supported a policyallowing small private enterprises during the 1920s. Gosplan was in charge of setting production quotas in thiscountry, and its more long-term economic policies were laid out in Five-Year Plans. For 10 points, name thisformer Communist country. 
first_sentence: While consulting a plywood manufacturer, a mathematician from this country developed a method offinding "objectively determined valuations" or "shadow prices" for goods through linear programming.
raw_answer:  Soviet Union [or USSR; or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics] 