text: This idea constitutes a "formal determining ground" unlike the "material determining grounds" of the will.
full_question: This idea constitutes a "formal determining ground" unlike the "material determining grounds" of the will. Judge Raveh examines a defendant in a glass box on his "household use" of this idea in Chapter 8 of Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem. Philippa Foot rejected this concept in favor of a "System" of weaker, "hypothetical" replacements. Adherence to this idea allows a person to escape heteronomy. One formulation of this idea envisions all men as legislators in the "kingdom of ends." Its discoverer applied it to condemn masturbation as use of one's self as a means rather than an end. For 10 points, name this principle that one should act only by maxims that can be willed as universal law, devised in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant.
first_sentence: This idea constitutes a "formal determining ground" unlike the "material determining grounds" of the will.
raw_answer: categorical imperative [or kategorischer Imperativ; prompt on "imperative;" prompt on "duty"; prompt on "autonomy"; prompt on "practical reason" or "pure practical reason" or "reason" or "moral law"]