According to legend, an early ruler with this title cut a horse clean in half using a sword with a bifurcated tip.
According to legend, an early ruler with this title cut a horse clean in half using a sword with a bifurcated tip. That early example of these leaders was betrayed by the Kharijites after the Battle of Siffin, turning the tide of the First Fitna. The Ilkhanate of Hulagu Khan replaced one power structure ruled by these people. A ruler with this title gathered scholars at the House of Wisdom and sent Charlemagne an elephant. In the 700s CE, Damascus gave way to Baghdad as the capital city ruled by leaders of this type, such as Harun al-Rashid. For 10 points, give the title of the rulers of the Abbasid and Umayyad dynasties, which means "successor of Muhammad".
According to legend, an early ruler with this title cut a horse clean in half using a sword with a bifurcated tip.
caliph [or halifah; or khalifah; or khalifat rasul Allah] 