One nation declared its independence from this leader in the Act of Abjuration.
One nation declared its independence from this leader in the Act of Abjuration. With Henry IV of France he signed the Treaty of Vervins. This figure's murderous secretary Antonio Perez escaped to France. This ruler's half-brother Don John of Austria won at the Battle of (*) Lepanto. This ruler's reign saw the building of El Escorial, and he offered a reward for murdering William the Silent and ordered the Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead a naval attack against England. Briefly married to the Catholic queen Bloody Mary, for 10 points, identify this Spanish ruler whose Armada failed to overthrow Elizabeth I.
One nation declared its independence from this leader in the Act of Abjuration.
{Philip II} of Spain [accept {Philip I of Portugal}; accept Felipe instead of Philip in either case]