Harvard geneticist Richard Lewontin offers Biology as this, in a work criticizing biological determinism, while Louis Althusser discusses this concept in the context of State Apparatuses.
Harvard geneticist Richard Lewontin offers Biology as this, in a work criticizing biological determinism, while Louis Althusser discusses this concept in the context of State Apparatuses. The term was coined in the late 18th century by a member of French liberal republican group that included Say and Condorcet, named Destutt de Tracy. Antonio Gramsci claimed these were superstructures consolidated by intellectuals, and Geertz suggested it was an ordered cultural system of symbiosis. Napoleon was perhaps first to use the term in its pejorative sense suggesting a historically distorted political thought that manipulates or dominates relations and this sense was picked up by Marx in his Theses on Feuerbach, which is a German version of this. Paired with Utopia in a work by Karl Manheim, for 10 points, name this concept originally intended as a science of ideas.
Harvard geneticist Richard Lewontin offers Biology as this, in a work criticizing biological determinism, while Louis Althusser discusses this concept in the context of State Apparatuses.
Ideology