Its end saw Swiss and Dutch independence formally confirmed and the population of central Europe resorting to cannibalism.
Its end saw Swiss and Dutch independence formally confirmed and the population of central Europe resorting to cannibalism. Christian IV invaded, but retreated and gave up Holstein after four years. The Spanish conquest of Trier had caused Louis XIII to take part after Richelieu had subsidized Sweden for years. Although the Swedes smashed their enemies at Leipzig, they were nearly annihilated by a Spanish and Austrian army at Nordlingen, leading to the Peace of Prague. The trouble started when Protestant states formed the Evangelical Union to counter the threat of Baron Tilly's Catholic League. For ten points, name this conflict ended by the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia.
Its end saw Swiss and Dutch independence formally confirmed and the population of central Europe resorting to cannibalism.
The {Thirty Years’} War