The critical kinetic temperature in these systems is about three times h-bar squared times number density to the two-thirds, divided by the particle mass; that value is obtained by integrating the underlying particle distribution function maximum over wavevectors. A semi-classical model of these systems has each additional particle adding the ground state energy, so the Hamiltonian of these systems includes a term of the ground state potential times the square modulus of the wave function, as can be seen in the Gross-Piatevskii equation. That equation gives their ground state wave functions. Lasers can be used to create soliton trains in these materials, which may allow for the creation of extremely precise gyroscopes. They were first successfully created using rubidium in 1995 by Cornell and Wieman. For 10 points, name these compact, degenerate states formed near absolute zero from part
The critical kinetic temperature in these systems is about three times h-bar squared times number density to the two-thirds, divided by the particle mass; that value is obtained by integrating the underlying particle distribution function maximum over wavevectors. A semi-classical model of these systems has each additional particle adding the ground state energy, so the Hamiltonian of these systems includes a term of the ground state potential times the square modulus of the wave function, as can be seen in the Gross-Piatevskii equation. That equation gives their ground state wave functions. Lasers can be used to create soliton trains in these materials, which may allow for the creation of extremely precise gyroscopes. They were first successfully created using rubidium in 1995 by Cornell and Wieman. For 10 points, name these compact, degenerate states formed near absolute zero from particles with integer spins.
The critical kinetic temperature in these systems is about three times h-bar squared times number density to the two-thirds, divided by the particle mass; that value is obtained by integrating the underlying particle distribution function maximum over wavevectors.
{Bose}-{Einstein} condensates [or {BECs}; prompt on {condensates}]