If no transmission bias is assumed in the Price equation, character value changes due to differential productivity are given by this function of character value and fitness. Dispersion matrices contain these quantities, and in the capital asset pricing model, the constant of proportionality between the rate of return on an 
If no transmission bias is assumed in the Price equation, character value changes due to differential productivity are given by this function of character value and fitness. Dispersion matrices contain these quantities, and in the capital asset pricing model, the constant of proportionality between the rate of return on an asset and the rate of return on the market is equal to a ratio of this quantity for the asset and the market and this quantity for the market. For two (*) random variables X and Y, it  is defined as the expected value of X times Y minus the product of the expected value of X and the expected value of Y. For 10 points, identify this quantity whose normalized form is the correlation of two random variables, and when calculated for a random variable with itself gives the variance of that variable.
If no transmission bias is assumed in the Price equation, character value changes due to differential productivity are given by this function of character value and fitness.
{covariance} [prompt on “{variance}” until mentioned]