In photonics, cascading can give rise to the quadratic variety of these objects, which in the limit of a small harmonic component reduce to the Kerr variety. The Zakharov equations can be solved to obtain their Langmuir type, while switching the sign of the interaction term in the same equations yield the "whistler" type. Backlund transforms can be used to show that collis
In photonics, cascading can give rise to the quadratic variety of these objects, which in the limit of a small harmonic component reduce to the Kerr variety. The Zakharov equations can be solved to obtain their Langmuir type, while switching the sign of the interaction term in the same equations yield the "whistler" type. Backlund transforms can be used to show that collision between two of these only results in a phase shift, and kink and anti-kink forms of these are solutions to the ?sine-Gordon equation, which can also be used to model their collisions. A mathematical basis for them was discovered by Kruskal and Zabusky, and they arise in the solution of the Fermi-Passta-Ulam problem. Also arising as solutions to the Kortevieg-de Vries equation, for 10 points, identify these wave packets, first observed by John Russell, which travel at a constant speed and whose name is derived from the description of a "solitary wave."
In photonics, cascading can give rise to the quadratic variety of these objects, which in the limit of a small harmonic component reduce to the Kerr variety.
{Solitons}