Differences in the magnitude of this phenomenon are used to generate pico-Newton forces to move microscopic objects in single-beam gradient traps. An alteration to this phenomenon is proportional to the strength of an applied electric field in the Pockels effect. Alternating layers of dielectrics and metals can form metamaterials, in which it occurs opposite to the typical direction.The magnitude of this phenomenon in anisotropic materials depends on the direction of travel, and is called birefringence. The ratio of the sines of two angles is proportional to the ratio of light velocities, according to Snell's law of t
Differences in the magnitude of this phenomenon are used to generate pico-Newton forces to move microscopic objects in single-beam gradient traps. An alteration to this phenomenon is proportional to the strength of an applied electric field in the Pockels effect. Alternating layers of dielectrics and metals can form metamaterials, in which it occurs opposite to the typical direction.The magnitude of this phenomenon in anisotropic materials depends on the direction of travel, and is called birefringence. The ratio of the sines of two angles is proportional to the ratio of light velocities, according to Snell's law of this phenomenon. For 10 points, identify this effect in which light bends as its passes through different media.
Differences in the magnitude of this phenomenon are used to generate pico-Newton forces to move microscopic objects in single-beam gradient traps.