The virial theorem implies that this quantity must be negative for a self-gravitating system. One model for it assumes a three-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator with a characteristic frequency, and was modified to better fit the low-temperature T-cubed dependency by treating variations as phonons. At high temperatures, the models of Einstein and Debye approaches the value of three times the ideal constant given by the Dulong-Petit law. For an ideal gas, the universal constant is equal to the difference between the constant pressure and co
The virial theorem implies that this quantity must be negative for a self-gravitating system. One model for it assumes a three-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator with a characteristic frequency, and was modified to better fit the low-temperature T-cubed dependency by treating variations as phonons. At high temperatures, the models of Einstein and Debye approaches the value of three times the ideal constant given by the Dulong-Petit law. For an ideal gas, the universal constant is equal to the difference between the constant pressure and constant volume values for, FTP, this quantity defined as the amount of heat needed to change an object's temperature.
The virial theorem implies that this quantity must be negative for a self-gravitating system.