A 2005 paper by Ward explored why this entity used greater levels of state 
A 2005 paper by Ward explored why this entity used greater levels of state violence and terror than other similar entities.  It included the Lado Enclave that reverted to British control after it dissolved.  District officials in this entity were paid on a commission based on the profit they generated for the "owner" of it.  Most of its territory was in the Domaine Prive [dough-man pree-vay], and native communities were required to provide food and rubber payments.  Those who provided insufficient payments suffered from the "currency of the severed hands" perpetrated by the Force Publique.  The Casement Report detailed abuses in it, while works of literature titled after its owner's "Soliliquy" and "Ghost" detail its impact.  With capital at Boma and lasting from the Berlin Conference until 1908, name, for 10 points, this private colony of Leopold II, the predecessor state to the Belgian Congo.
A 2005 paper by Ward explored why this entity used greater levels of state violence and terror than other similar entities.  