The Frenet-Serret formulas give this operation on the tangent vector as the product of curvature and the normal vector, and summing this operation performed twice with respect to each variable yields the Laplacian. The entries of the Jacobian matrix are first order examples 
The Frenet-Serret formulas give this operation on the tangent vector as the product of curvature and the normal vector, and summing this operation performed twice with respect to each variable yields the Laplacian. The entries of the Jacobian matrix are first order examples of them, and the gradient is calculated by taking the partial form of this operation on a scalar field. Local extrema of a function are found by using one of two tests named for it. It is performed on a composition of functions with the chain rule, and this operation on x-squared yields two x. For 10 points, name this operation that describes the instantaneous rate of change of a function.
The Frenet-Serret formulas give this operation on the tangent vector as the product of curvature and the normal vector, and summing this operation performed twice with respect to each variable yields the Laplacian.