[Note to moderator: sorry, complicated answerline]A treatise on these entities proves at length that infinite magnitudes do not exist, and thus seemed to deny the omnipotence of God to Scholastic thinkers. Nicholas Oresme is most famous for his two translations of, and commentaries on, that treatise about these things. The opening of book 1, section 5 of the Parts of Animals famously compares biology to the study of these things. Book 2, section 2 of Aristotle's treatise on these things consists of a proof that they in fact have a top, bottom, 
[Note to moderator: sorry, complicated answerline]A treatise on these entities proves at length that infinite magnitudes do not exist, and thus seemed to deny the omnipotence of God to Scholastic thinkers. Nicholas Oresme is most famous for his two translations of, and commentaries on, that treatise about these things. The opening of book 1, section 5 of the Parts of Animals famously compares biology to the study of these things. Book 2, section 2 of Aristotle's treatise on these things consists of a proof that they in fact have a top, bottom, left, and right. These entities have the more perfect, non-(*)rectilinear kind of natural motion. In the Metaphysics, the most distant one of these entities is moved by the unmoved mover. These entities, which are subject to neither generation nor corruption, revolve in a perfectly circular fashion in the aether around the sublunary sphere. For 10 points, name these subjects of Aristotle's De Caelo, his main cosmological treatise.
[Note to moderator: sorry, complicated answerline]A treatise on these entities proves at length that infinite magnitudes do not exist, and thus seemed to deny the omnipotence of God to Scholastic thinkers.
heavenly bodies [accept answers about the Heavens, e.g. "heavenly spheres" or On the Heavens; until mentioned, accept answers including the word "Caelo," e.g. De Caelo; accept answers with the word "Ouranos", e.g. Peri Ouranou; antiprompt on any specific heavenly bodies: "stars," "the Sun," etc.] 