One kingdom of this name was founded by Sumu-abum. A kingdom of this name lost the battle of Opis under its final ruler Nabonidus. This empire's capital, home of the Etemenanki temple, was sacked by Mursili I in an event dated by eclipses its astronomers observed under Ammisaduqa. The Amorite rulers led this kingdom, which was revived under the Chaldean Nabopolassar and overthrew the Neo-Assyrians. A non-Biblical law requiring eye-for-an-eye retribution appears on stelae put up by one of its rulers. For 10 points, name 
One kingdom of this name was founded by Sumu-abum. A kingdom of this name lost the battle of Opis under its final ruler Nabonidus. This empire's capital, home of the Etemenanki temple, was sacked by Mursili I in an event dated by eclipses its astronomers observed under Ammisaduqa. The Amorite rulers led this kingdom, which was revived under the Chaldean Nabopolassar and overthrew the Neo-Assyrians. A non-Biblical law requiring eye-for-an-eye retribution appears on stelae put up by one of its rulers. For 10 points, name this Mesopotamian empire with incarnations ruled by Nebuchadnezzar and Hammurabi, centered on a city with hanging gardens.
One kingdom of this name was founded by Sumu-abum. A kingdom of this name lost the battle of Opis under its final ruler Nabonidus.
Babylonian Empire [or Babylonia; or Neo-Babylonian Empire; accept equivalents; accept "Chaldean Empire" or equivalents until mentioned] 