One theorist of this phenomenon said that it was often caused by "innovators," one of his "modes of adaptation." Robert K. Merton developed strain theory to explains this phenomenon. Emile Durkheim wrote on the "normality" of this phenomenon, which is aggravated by urban blight according to Wilson and Kelling's "broken windows theory." This phenomenon was noted to increase if torture and the death penalty were used after less serious instances of it in a work by Cesare Beccaria, a pioneer in the study of it. Recidivism is the return to this type of action. For 10 points, name this phenomenon responded to by punishment
One theorist of this phenomenon said that it was often caused by "innovators," one of his "modes of adaptation." Robert K. Merton developed strain theory to explains this phenomenon. Emile Durkheim wrote on the "normality" of this phenomenon, which is aggravated by urban blight according to Wilson and Kelling's "broken windows theory." This phenomenon was noted to increase if torture and the death penalty were used after less serious instances of it in a work by Cesare Beccaria, a pioneer in the study of it. Recidivism is the return to this type of action. For 10 points, name this phenomenon responded to by punishment, by which laws are broken. 
One theorist of this phenomenon said that it was often caused by "innovators," one of his "modes of adaptation."
crime [accept equivalents like criminal activity; prompt on "deviance"] 