Valerie Flint wrote about "the rise" of this phenomenon in early medieval Europe. ElementaryForms of the Religious Life argues that this practice was done on behalf of individuals and did notprovide the group cohesion that priests do. Edward Tylor's 
Valerie Flint wrote about "the rise" of this phenomenon in early medieval Europe. ElementaryForms of the Religious Life argues that this practice was done on behalf of individuals and did notprovide the group cohesion that priests do. Edward Tylor's Primitive Culture suggests that thisphenomenon works on the "symbolic principle" and defined it as the belief in a direct cause andeffect relationship between act and outcome. E. Evans-Pritchard identified this kind of (*) "thinking"in a book comparing this phenomenon to witchcraft and oracles "among the Azande." For 10 points, namethis practice, traditionally placed as ancestral to religion in anthropology, which involves using spells orrituals to achieve specific supernatural ends.
Valerie Flint wrote about "the rise" of this phenomenon in early medieval Europe.
magic [or magical thinking]