The cores of these stars are convectively mixed with their outer layers in a process known as dredge-up.
The cores of these stars are convectively mixed with their outer layers in a process known as dredge-up. They're not white dwarfs, but these stars experience periods of helium burning known as thermal pulses. These stars, which are of luminosity class II or III and spectral class K or M, have run out of hydrogen in their core and instead draw fuel from a shell around the core. Some of these stars enter a namesake asymptotic branch on the HR-diagram, and they often lose their outer mass to planetary nebulae before reducing into a white dwarf. For 10 points, name these large, cool stars such as Aldebaran and Arcturus, which are smaller than a "super" variety exemplified by Betelgeuse.
The cores of these stars are convectively mixed with their outer layers in a process known as dredge-up.
red giants