Unless the force field is the gradient of a scalar field so the force is (*) conservative, it is path dependent.
D'Alembert's principle generalizes the principle of this quantity's virtual form to dynamics. In a reversible process at constant temperature, this quantity equals the change of the Helmholtz free energy. Unless the force field is the gradient of a scalar field so the force is (*) conservative, it is path dependent. It is the namesake of the minimum energy of photons required for the photoelectric effect. This quantity is given by the integral of PdV, and equals the difference between heat and change of internal energy by the 1st law of thermodynamics. In mechanics, it equals the change in kinetic energy. For 10 points, name this quantity given by the integral of F-dot-dx.
D'Alembert's principle generalizes the principle of this quantity's virtual form to dynamics.
work [or work function]