For 10 points, name this rationalist who invented calculus independently of Newton.
In one work, the alter ego of this man attacks the empiricist position of Philalethes, arguing in favor of innatism. That alterego, Theophilus, rejects the "tabula rasa" in a work meant to rebut Locke, New Essays on Human Understanding. He also proposed that there is no physical causation; rather God designed everything to occur the way it does and created "pre-established harmony." This author of Theodicy and Monadology also believed in "sufficient reason," a concept for which he was satirized in Candide as Dr. Pangloss, a character who maintains the faith that he lives in the best of all worlds. For 10 points, name this rationalist who invented calculus independently of Newton.
In one work, the alter ego of this man attacks the empiricist position of Philalethes, arguing in favor of innatism.
Gottfried Wilhelm {Leibniz}