In November 2003 independent teams led by Rudolf Grimm and Deborah Jin were able to show that they can also be formed from molecules.
They can be made to have an extremely high gradient in the optical densities, resulting in extremely low measured speed of light within them; some have slowed beams of light down to mere meters per second. In November 2003 independent teams led by Rudolf Grimm and Deborah Jin were able to show that they can also be formed from molecules. Chu, Phillips, and Cohen- Tannoudji won a Nobel for the technique used to create them, though the final achievement, using a cloud of approximately 2000 rubidium atoms, was done by Wieman, Ketterle, and Cornell. Formed from matter that has been cooled to near absolute zero, FTP, name this so-called fifth phase of matter.
They can be made to have an extremely high gradient in the optical densities, resulting in extremely low measured speed of light within them; some have slowed beams of light down to mere meters per second.
{Bose-Einstein condensate} (prompt on “B-E-C”)