For 10 points, name this ancient theorem regarding simultaneous congruences, generally attributed to Sun Zi and Qin Jiushao.
It is fabled to have been used to count the size of armies in ancient times. In modern computer applications, it is used to solve simultaneous systems of equations using exact arithmetic and is also applied to random number generation. The theorem has been extended to general rings and in modern parlance it can be stated that given N congruence relations of the form x equals a mod p, where the p's are relatively prime, there exists an integer solution. For 10 points, name this ancient theorem regarding simultaneous congruences, generally attributed to Sun Zi and Qin Jiushao.
It is fabled to have been used to count the size of armies in ancient times.
{Chinese Remainder Theorem}