While in power, he relied on the support of his brutal private army, the Tontons Macoutes.  
This member of Les Groupe des Griots was among the few leaders to recognize the Biafra region of Nigeria as an independent state, and he was excommunicated from the Catholic Church for expelling most of his country's foreign bishops.  He served various posts under President Estimé, and then helped overthrow that man's overthrower, Paul Magloire.  While in power, he relied on the support of his brutal private army, the Tontons Macoutes.  For 10 points, which leader of Haiti from 1957-71 was succeeded by his similarly nicknamed son Jean-Claude?
This member of Les Groupe des Griots was among the few leaders to recognize the Biafra region of Nigeria as an independent state, and he was excommunicated from the Catholic Church for expelling most of his country's foreign bishops.  
Francois {Duvalier} [or {“Papa Doc”} Duvalier]