It can also be derived by using L'Hopital's rule on the limits of the change in enthalpy divided by temperature and the negative change in Gibbs free energy divided by temperature.
Exceptions to this statement occur with systems containing half integer spins which have multiple degenerate ground states. It can be derived by writing one quantity as the integral of the specific heat divided by temperature as temperature goes to zero. It can also be derived by using L'Hopital's rule on the limits of the change in enthalpy divided by temperature and the negative change in Gibbs free energy divided by temperature. Sometimes called the Nernst theorem, it is often used to calculate the standard entropy of a substance at any temperature. For 10 points, name this law which states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is equal to zero.
Exceptions to this statement occur with systems containing half integer spins which have multiple degenerate ground states.
{third law of thermodynamics}