A French king with this byname sparked the Burgundian-Orleanist conflict with one of forty-four instances of his characteristic behavior.
One ruler of Syria with this derisive epithet, a pun on his official name of Epiphanes, caused the Wars of the Macabees. One ruler with this nickname spent his early life in a web on intrigue centering on Johann Eberhard Nithard and Juan José, his bastard half brother; a second one from the same country passed almost fifty years under armed guard at Tordesillas. A French king with this byname sparked the Burgundian-Orleanist conflict with one of forty-four instances of his characteristic behavior. Al-Hakim is known as this kind of Caliph. Still another ruler with this epithet built such structures as Linderhof, Hohenschwangau, and Neuschwanstein during his rule over Bavaria. For 10 points, name this epithet applied to Antiochus IV, Charles II of Spain, Charles VI of France, Ludwig II of Bavaria, and Joan of Spain.
One ruler of Syria with this derisive epithet, a pun on his official name of Epiphanes, caused the Wars of the Macabees.
{Mad} [or {Crazy}; accept close equivalents; accept {Epimanes} or {Loca} or {Hechizado} or {Verrückte}]