This effect demonstrates the quantization of conductance in terms of e-squared over h, and it occurs in integer and fractional varieties.
The Laughlin wavefunction is used to study this effect for filling factors of one over an odd integer. Composite fermions were introduced to study this effect. It occurs when electrons are confined to two dimensions and very cold temperatures and when B-fields are strong enough that Landau levels become degenerate enough so that free electrons remain in only a few levels. This effect demonstrates the quantization of conductance in terms of e-squared over h, and it occurs in integer and fractional varieties. For 10 points, name this effect discovered by Klaus von Klitzing, which is analogous to an effect from classical electrodynamics in which a voltage is produced transverse to an electric current and an applied magnetic field.
The Laughlin wavefunction is used to study this effect for filling factors of one over an odd integer.
quantum Hall effect [or fractional quantum Hall effect; or integer quantum Hall effect; prompt on Hall effect] &lt;Overman&gt;