That portion, also known as the Appleton–Barnett layer, lies above the Kennelly–Heaviside layer.
Convection in this region is measured by a set of 35 antenna arrays that form the SuperDARN network. Sq- and L-variations are caused by air movement in this region's "dynamo," which hosts the narrow eastward-flowing EEJ band. The lower boundary of this region creates a waveguide that hosts extremely low-frequency modes called Schumann resonances. Solar flares can trigger namesake "sudden disturbances" in this region. The outermost F region is the only portion of this layer that exists at night. That portion, also known as the Appleton–Barnett layer, lies above the Kennelly–Heaviside layer. This atmospheric layer is responsible for most reflection and refraction of radio signals. For 10 points, name this layer of the atmosphere in which solar radiation creates a high concentration of charged particles.
Convection in this region is measured by a set of 35 antenna arrays that form the SuperDARN network.
ionosphere [accept D region until “F region”; accept E region or F region until “waveguide”; accept Appleton–Barnett layer or Kennelly–Heaviside layer until “waveguide”; prompt on magnetosphere, Earth’s magnetic field, Earth’s atmosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, or exosphere] &lt;Other Science (Earth Science)&gt;