An oral history of this phenomenon in the United States between 1923 and 1965 was written by Don Des Jarlais, Herman Joseph, and David Courtwright.
An early theory about this phenomenon argued that it is not seen in young children and the insane due to their inability to manipulate "significant symbols." This phenomenon is connected via "chronicity" to a certain Hisapnic ethos in a recent essay by Angela Garcia about this phenomenon's "elegiac" form. An oral history of this phenomenon in the United States between 1923 and 1965 was written by Don Des Jarlais, Herman Joseph, and David Courtwright. This phenomenon was described as a "racialized habitus" in a 2009 book about it in San Francisco conducted by Jeff Schonberg and Philippe Bourgois, and is characterized as a pattern of consumption that maximizes discounted utility, (*)  and therefore as "rational," in a theory formulated by Kevin Murphy and Gary Becker. This phenomenon studied by Alfred Lindesmith was hypothesized by Bruce Alexander to be a product of isolation and distress, replacing an earlier "disease model," following his "Rat Park" experiment. For 10 points, name this phenomenon written about in books like Righteous Dopefiend.
An early theory about this phenomenon argued that it is not seen in young children and the insane due to their inability to manipulate "significant symbols.
drug addiction [accept close equivalents such as opiate or herion addiction; prompt on "addiction"]