For paired comparisons, you use t times sample standard deviation of the differences times the square root of the sum of the inverses of the sample sizes.
For the mean response, this can be calculated using the regression model at x0 and square-root of sigma-hat x0-transpose data-matrix-X-transpose-X-inverse x0. Using two inversely-related F statistics and sample variances, it can be calculated for the ratio of population variances, while "n-1 times sample variance over chi-square for alpha over 2" and "one minus alpha over 2" are used to compute the one for a hypothesis equating variance of a normal population with a constant. For paired comparisons, you use t times sample standard deviation of the differences times the square root of the sum of the inverses of the sample sizes. The probability that a parameter lies between its lower and upper limits is equal to one minus alpha, the type I error probability. It contains zero when the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. FTP name this range of values where a ► random sample is likely to fall with some probability, such as 95%.
For the mean response, this can be calculated using the regression model at x0 and square-root of sigma-hat x0-transpose data-matrix-X-transpose-X-inverse x0.
confidence intervals