For 10 points, name these systems studied by Ferdinand de Saussure, whose words are translated into one another.
These systems' components' distortion causes problems in the "Oxford philosophy" developed by J.L. Austin and Gilbert Ryle about their "ordinary" variety. If one of these systems is only understood by one person, it is incoherent according to an argument by Ludwig Wittgenstein. The original Turing test determined whether artificial intelligence was distinguishable from that of humans by its ability to communicate through one of these systems. For 10 points, name these systems studied by Ferdinand de Saussure, whose words are translated into one another.
These systems' components' distortion causes problems in the "Oxford philosophy" developed by J.L. Austin and Gilbert Ryle about their "ordinary" variety.
languages [accept private languages or ordinary languages or natural languages or human languages; do not accept "programming languages" or "computer languages"]