The difference between this quantity in an arbitrary state and in some reference state is given by the gas constant times (*) temperature times the logarithm of the activity.
In density functional theory, this quantity can be approximated by the negative of Mulliken absolute electronegativity. For a gas of fermions at absolute zero, this quantity is equal to the Fermi energy. The difference between this quantity in an arbitrary state and in some reference state is given by the gas constant times (*) temperature times the logarithm of the activity. For a process at constant temperature and volume, the Gibbs-Duhem equation sets the sum of the number of moles times the change in this quantity for each component to zero. Two phases are in equilibrium when this property is equal for each. For 10 points, name this intrinsic property, defined as the partial derivative of internal energy with respect to particle number at constant entropy and volume.
In density functional theory, this quantity can be approximated by the negative of Mulliken absolute electronegativity.
chemical potential [prompt on "mu"]