That ruler, who supported the tenentismo movement, cracked down on the greenshirted Integralists, and established a regime called the (*) Estado Novo in this country, was Getulio Vargas.
One 18th century rebel in this country had worked as a dentist before leading the "Minas disloyalty," and so was called "Tiradentes", or "tooth-puller." This nation was also the site of the Tailors' Revolt, whose mixed-race leaders decided it was "necessary for all to become Frenchmen." An earlier French attempt to take over this country  would have renamed it "Antarctic France." Despite an alliance with the Tamoio people, that colony collapsed in a disaster written about by the Protestant Jean de Lery in the text "A Voyage to the Land of [this nation]." One of its later rulers wrote a (**) suicide note ending with the sentence "I take the first step on the road to eternity and leave life to enter history." That ruler, who supported the tenentismo movement, cracked down on the greenshirted Integralists, and established a regime called the (*) Estado Novo in this country, was Getulio Vargas. For 10 points, what South American nation was also ruled by a 19th-century imperial dynasty that fled Napoleon's invasion of Portugal?
One 18th century rebel in this country had worked as a dentist before leading the "Minas disloyalty," and so was called "Tiradentes", or "tooth-puller.
Brazil