A female ruler with this title took Ernst von Biron as a lover.
One ruler with this title sparked the Copper Riot when he debased the currency. Another holder of this office created several powerful ministers with the title of "Ober-Procurator". A female ruler with this title took Ernst von Biron as a lover. From the early 1700's, holders of this title were assisted by a council called the General Senate. Holders of this office exercised control over the church through the Holy Synod. It's not in Germany, but one holder of this title issued the Anti-Semitic May Laws, which prohibited the creation of new towns by Jews. The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood was built where one holder of this office was assassinated. One holder of this office signed a treaty on a raft in the Neman River after being defeated by Napoleon, while another holder signed the Reinsurance Treaty with Bismarck's Germany. For 10 points, give this royal office, whose holders were opposed by the People's Will, last held by Nicholas II.
One ruler with this title sparked the Copper Riot when he debased the currency.
Tsar of Russia [or Emperor of Russia; or Emperor of All the Russias; or female equivalents Tsarina of Russia and Empress of Russia; prompt on "Autocrat" or "Autocrat of All the Russias"; prompt on "Imperator," "Kaiser," or "Keyser"]