(*) and was its last Norman ruler.
Several rulers of this polity were served by the admiral Eugenius who was also a distinguished intellectual at this polity's court, translating Ptolemy's Optics into Latin during his time there. A ruler of this polity allied with the antipope Anacletus and captured Innocent II, forcing the latter to recognize his title. Hugo Falcandus chronicled the reign of another ruler of this kingdom, who was given the sobriquet "the Bad;" that ruler, William I, was succeeded by a son, William II, who was called "the Good." For four years, this polity was ruled by Tancred of Lecce, who launched an unsuccessful rebellion against the emperor Henry VI (*) and was its last Norman ruler. The first ruler to hold the title of "king" of this polity was Roger II. This polity confusingly had to change its name to Trincarnia after concluding the Treaty of Caltabelotta with a neighboring polity that assumed its name; that treaty ended a rebellion in this polity launched against its Angevin ruler, Charles I, by Peter III of Aragon. For 10 points, identify this island polity, the site of a massacre of French civilians during its namesake "Vespers."
Several rulers of this polity were served by the admiral Eugenius who was also a distinguished intellectual at this polity's court, translating Ptolemy's Optics into Latin during his time there.
Kingdom of Sicily [do not accept or prompt on "Kingdom of the Two Sicilies"]