For 10 points, what Russian Arctic archipelago separates the Kara Sea from a sea named for the Dutch explorer who sailed there, Willem Barents?
Gerrit de Veer was the first person to describe this archipelago's namesake effect, which is a mirage that makes it seem like the sun is rising before it should. The northernmost point of this was shelled during Operation Wunderland, and Rogachevo airbase is located on this island group where Nenets reindeer herders were settled during the 1870s. Its peninsula of Sukhoy Nos was replaced by the narrow strait of Matochkin Shar, which separates its northern and southern islands, as the last site used for Soviet nuclear tests that probably ceased in 1990. Along with Vaygach Island to the south, it forms a northern extension of the ► Ural Mountains. For 10 points, what Russian Arctic archipelago separates the Kara Sea from a sea named for the Dutch explorer who sailed there, Willem Barents?
Gerrit de Veer was the first person to describe this archipelago's namesake effect, which is a mirage that makes it seem like the sun is rising before it should.
Novaya Zemlya [or New Land; accept Barents before "archipelago's namesake", I guess]