Those experiments, conducted by Maier and Overmaier, divided the subjects into three groups, one of which received punishment seemingly at random and started exhibiting depressed behaviors.
Teasedale and Abrahmson distinguished between universal and personal versions of this phenomenon by using attribution theory, and states that non-contingency leads to association with one of many causes. Watson and Ramey tested this behavior by having babies attempt to control a mobile via a sensory pillow. One experiment that studied this effect used curare to paralyze one group of subjects, and also used a shuttle-box apparatus which contained a low partition. Those experiments, conducted by Maier and Overmaier, divided the subjects into three groups, one of which received punishment seemingly at random and started exhibiting depressed behaviors. For 10 points, identify this behavior, exemplified by Martin Seligman shocking dogs, in which a loss of control leads to submissive behavior even when the organism can escape.
Teasedale and Abrahmson distinguished between universal and personal versions of this phenomenon by using attribution theory, and states that non-contingency leads to association with one of many causes.
learned helplessness