An opera with this name includes the Jewel song, and features this character seducing Marguerite after drinking a magic elixir of youth.
Alfred Schnittke's cantata about this character ends with a wild tango accompanying his death in the movement "Es geschah." This character is the namesake of the second movement of Charles Alkan's piano sonata The Four Ages. A literary work about this character is the source of Mussorgsky's "Song of the Flea." A composition named for this character includes the "Dance of the Sylphs," and depicts his indifference to the Rakozcy March in its first scene. Mahler composed a setting of a "chorus mysticus" from a play named after this character for the second part of his Symphony of a Thousand. An opera with this name includes the Jewel song, and features this character seducing Marguerite after drinking a magic elixir of youth. For 10 points, name this title character of a Gounod opera, who ends up in hell in a work by Berlioz about his damnation.  
Alfred Schnittke's cantata about this character ends with a wild tango accompanying his death in the movement "Es geschah.
Doctor Faust