In Scotland, the skepticism of magistrate George Mackenzie greatly reduced the number of deaths of these people, though more than 70 alleged ones perished earlier in an event in North Berwick in 1590.
The historians Keith Thomas and Alan Macfarlane developed a paradigm for studying these people which linked their existence to a refusal of charity. In the 19th century, the Reverend J.C. Atkinson undertook an ethnographic survey in Yorkshire that demonstrated the persistence of beliefs associated with these people. Hugh Trevor-Roper argued that the existence of a "craze" involving these people was part of a more general "Crisis of the Seventeenth Century," as it had not existed in the Middle Ages. An erroneous figure for the number of deaths of these people was worked out in the late 18th century by Gottfried Voigt; that nine million figure is now considered bogus. In Scotland, the skepticism of magistrate George Mackenzie greatly reduced the number of deaths of these people, though more than 70 alleged ones perished earlier in an event in North Berwick in 1590. The alleged evils of these people were catalogued by a tag team of Johann Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer, as well as by James I in his Daemonologie. For 10 points, identify these people described in the Malleus maleficarum, women who were accused of consorting with the Devil.
The historians Keith Thomas and Alan Macfarlane developed a paradigm for studying these people which linked their existence to a refusal of charity.
witches [accept anything that mentions "witches" e.g. "witch trials"; do not accept or prompt on "women"]