For 10 points, identify this British philosopher who took the "against" side in a book co-authored with J.J.C. Smart titled Utilitarianism: for and against, and coined the term "moral luck."
In one work, this thinker explored Descartes' "project of pure enquiry" and its failure to provide an "absolute conception" of reality, and in another work, imagined that "the day cannot be too far off... in which we shall hear no more" of a certain philosophical doctrine. This thinker began with a "sub-Humean" model of motivation in a paper that concluded that only "internal reasons" rather than "external reasons" exist. This philosopher denied the possibility of doing moral philosophy from what he called an "Archimedean point," outside of all knowledge, and called morality, "the peculiar institution" that we "would be better off without," in his 1985 work Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. In a notable paper, answered by a paper of the same title by Thomas Nagel, this philosopher used the story of Gauguin to argue that moral justifications are not independent of fortune. For 10 points, identify this British philosopher who took the "against" side in a book co-authored with J.J.C. Smart titled Utilitarianism: for and against, and coined the term "moral luck."
In one work, this thinker explored Descartes' "project of pure enquiry" and its failure to provide an "absolute conception" of reality, and in another work, imagined that "the day cannot be too far off... in which we shall hear no more" of a certain philosophical doctrine.
Bernard Williams