This type of gap is defined as the smallest energy state orthogonal to the vacuum and its existence in Yang-Mills theory is a Millennium Prize problem.
This type of gap is defined as the smallest energy state orthogonal to the vacuum and its existence in Yang-Mills theory is a Millennium Prize problem. In analogy with a superconductor generating a surface current to exclude external magnetic flux, spontaneous symmetry breaking to create Nambu-Goldstone bosons along with the existence of gauge symmetry interact to generate this quantity. That mechanism is often compared to a (*) cocktail party, in which social interaction represents interaction with a namesake field. Two forms of this quantity are equated in the equivalence principle, and it is generated via the Higgs mechanism. In special relativity, an observer moving with an object will observe the rest form of this. Newton's second law relates, for 10 points, force and what quantity times acceleration?
This type of gap is defined as the smallest energy state orthogonal to the vacuum and its existence in Yang-Mills theory is a Millennium Prize problem.
mass