For 10 points, identify this human activity, the subject of a philosophical work by Karl Popper, which advances in "paradigm shifts" connected to its namesake "revolutions" according to Thomas Kuhn, and which includes such disciplines as geology and physics.
One work concerned with analyzing this activity contains a chapter explaining how this activity spreads itself via the diffusion and translation models; that work analyzes the compartmentalization of this activity into "black boxes" and was written about this practice "in Action," by Bruno Latour. Another work about this practice claims that its "normal" variety consists largely of "puzzle-solving," while yet another work argued that this practice required the absence of ad hoc hypotheses and was "demarcated" from a false form by the falsifiability criterion. For 10 points, identify this human activity, the subject of a philosophical work by Karl Popper, which advances in "paradigm shifts" connected to its namesake "revolutions" according to Thomas Kuhn, and which includes such disciplines as geology and physics.
One work concerned with analyzing this activity contains a chapter explaining how this activity spreads itself via the diffusion and translation models; that work analyzes the compartmentalization of this activity into "black boxes" and was written about this practice "in Action," by Bruno Latour.
science [prompt "scientific revolutions" or "scientific discovery"]