Describing their motion was the original intent of a formula containing Pauli matrices, the Dirac equation.
Describing their motion was the original intent of a formula containing Pauli matrices, the Dirac equation. They are discharged en masse in a tube named for William Crookes; in an experiment using a nickel crystal, these particles were shown to diffract like waves by Davisson and Germer. Hertz discovered that they are emitted when matter is hit by sufficiently-energetic light. Emitted in beta-minus decay, they became the first discovered leptons in 1897, when J.J. Thomson determined cathode rays were made of them. For 10 points, name this ubiquitous elementary particle with negative charge.
Describing their motion was the original intent of a formula containing Pauli matrices, the Dirac equation.
electrons [prompt "cathode rays" since it's sort of unclear throughout]