This work compares modern critical philosophy to a legendary Indian cynic who responds to the fable that the world sits on an elephant by asking what the elephant rests on, but is satisfied by the answer "a tortoise.
This work compares modern critical philosophy to a legendary Indian cynic who responds to the fable that the world sits on an elephant by asking what the elephant rests on, but is satisfied by the answer "a tortoise." This book criticizes revolutionaries for viewing the state as the object of struggle rather than the enemy in a chapter titled "Legality and Illegality." The author argues that "Orthodoxy refers exclusively to method" rather than dogma in its opening chapter "What is Orthodox Marxism?," and claims that the commodity has become the "universal category of society," leading to objectification of social relations through the process of "reification." This book, subtitled "Studies in Marxist Dialectics," argues that the bourgeois are prevented from understanding the totality of the past by a false consciousness, while the proletariat are the first class to achieve the title awareness. FTP, name this 1923 Marxist tome by Georg Lukacs.  
This work compares modern critical philosophy to a legendary Indian cynic who responds to the fable that the world sits on an elephant by asking what the elephant rests on, but is satisfied by the answer "a tortoise.
History and Class Consciousness [or Geschichte und Klassenbewubtsein]