This quantity equals negative one times the partial derivative of chemical energy with respect to number of electrons, and its derivative is negative hardness.
This quantity equals negative one times the partial derivative of chemical energy with respect to number of electrons, and its derivative is negative hardness. It is proportional to the square root of the covalent radius times actual nuclear charge minus a screening constant determined by Slater's rules. Due to d-block contraction, gallium and germanium have higher values of it than aluminum. The mean of electron affinity and first ionization energy is Mulliken's formulation of this quantity that increases across a period and up a group. Its greatest value on the Pauling scale, 4.0, is assigned to fluorine. For 10 points, name this tendency of an atom to attract electrons.
This quantity equals negative one times the partial derivative of chemical energy with respect to number of electrons, and its derivative is negative hardness.
electronegativity [accept Mulliken electronegativity or Allred-Rochow electronegativity]