This ruler captured Theobald I after invading Lorraine in support of Philip Augustus during the War of Succession of Champagne.
This ruler captured Theobald I after invading Lorraine in support of Philip Augustus during the War of Succession of Champagne. The "Old Lord of Beiruit" opposed the forces of this man, who used his fluency in Arabic to negotiate a controversial treaty with the Ayyubid Al-Kamil which left this man as King of Jerusalem and plunged the Crusader States into the War of the Lombards. Pietro della Vigna figured in his court's cultural efforts, which centrally involved his son Enzio of Sardinia's kingdom in (*) Sicily. The Treaty of San Germano lifted one of Gregory IX's several excommunications of this ruler, who confirmed Teutonic Knight holdings in Prussia in the Golden Bull of Rimini. A failed siege of Parma ended the dominance of this ruler, which began after his uncle Otto IV of Brunswick lost at Bouvines. For 10 points, identify this last great Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor, the second of his name after a grandfather known as "Barbarossa."
This ruler captured Theobald I after invading Lorraine in support of Philip Augustus during the War of Succession of Champagne.
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor [do not accept "Frederick the Great"]