This ruler's threat to intervene forced the Treaty of Teschen in the War of Bavarian Succession.
After a defeat, the leader of an uprising against this ruler supposedly watched a city burn from the Mari forest under his namesake oak tree; that leader was beheaded and cut into four pieces to be displayed on wheels before the pieces were burned. This non-French ruler set up two banks for paper currency, including one designed by Giacomo Quarenghi located at the old Sea Market building, and each bank created 500,000 notes of "assignation" currency to replace the glut of impractical copper money. One hundred wives and daughters of the Greek Infantry Battalion were enlisted to receive this ruler as the "Amazon Company" during a tour of the Tauric provinces. This ruler's threat to intervene forced the Treaty of Teschen in the War of Bavarian Succession. For 10 points, identify this ruler for whom fake settlements known as "Potemkin Villages" were erected during her 1787 visit to the Crimea that she annexed.
After a defeat, the leader of an uprising against this ruler supposedly watched a city burn from the Mari forest under his namesake oak tree; that leader was beheaded and cut into four pieces to be displayed on wheels before the pieces were burned.
Catherine the Great [or Catherine II of Russia; or Yekaterina Alexeevna; or Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbst]