After its political fracture, this region was ruled by independent taifa kingdoms.
Princeton's Mark Cohen criticizes the hypothesis that this cultural region was a paradise during a period termed "the coexistence," though he also argues that "counter-myths" about it presented by Bat Ye'or ["BOUGHT yay-"OR"] are incorrect. In the 11th century, kingdoms in this cultural region started paying paria tributes to ward off razzias from northern rivals. The last dynasty to unite this cultural region originated with a revolt by the Masmuda confederacy. Part of this no- longer-existing cultural region that bordered Septimania was conquered by Charlemagne, who established a local (*) "march" to govern it. After its political fracture, this region was ruled by independent taifa kingdoms. This cultural region, home to the Mozarabs, was defined after being conquered by the exiled Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman. For 10 points, identify this diverse medieval cultural region governed by Muslim dynasties like the Almoravids and Caliphate of Cordoba.
Princeton's Mark Cohen criticizes the hypothesis that this cultural region was a paradise during a period termed "the coexistence," though he also argues that "counter-myths" about it presented by Bat Ye'or ["BOUGHT yay-"OR"] are incorrect.
 al-Andalus [or Andalusia, the derivative term, even though they're not exactly the same thing; accept answers that indicate Muslim Spain or Muslim Iberia or even Umayyad Spain; prompt on Spain or Iberia or Catalonia by asking "ruled by who?"] 