For complex numbers, the Riemann surface formed by connecting this function's branches spirals around the origin, as the imaginary component of this function may be the argument plus any multiple of two pi.
The baby-step giant-step method is a way to calculate values for a type of this function. For groups with composite order, the Pohlig-Hellman algorithm is a faster way to find the values of one type of this function. The Chebyshev functions sum this function over primes and are used in the prime number theorem. According to that theorem, as x goes to infinity, the prime counting function asymptotically approaches x over this function of x. For complex numbers, the Riemann surface formed by connecting this function's branches spirals around the origin, as the imaginary component of this function may be the argument plus any multiple of two pi. Another version of this function appears in the asymptotic runtime of binary search. For 10 points, name this function whose derivative is one over x, the inverse of exponentiation.
The baby-step giant-step method is a way to calculate values for a type of this function.
logarithm (accept discrete or natural logarithm)