Among patients not taking statins, this vitamin can help reduce LDL levels.
One receptor for this compound is GPR109A, whose activation in Langerhans cells leads to the release of prostaglandins D2 and E2. L-kynurenine is an intermediate in the synthesis of this molecule via cleavage of the five-membered ring of tryptophan. This molecule is a pyridine with a carboxyl group at the 3 position. Hartnup's disease may cause deficiency of this vitamin, which results in the (*) three Ds of diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Among patients not taking statins, this vitamin can help reduce LDL levels. Large doses of this vitamin may dilate blood vessels and cause a namesake flush. Bioavailability of this vitamin from maize can be increased by nixtamalization, which involves treatment with lime. This vitamin is a precursor to the coenzymes NAD and NADP. For 10 points, name this B-vitamin whose deficiency is called pellagra.
One receptor for this compound is GPR109A, whose activation in Langerhans cells leads to the release of prostaglandins D2 and E2.
niacin [or Vitamin B3; or nicotinic acid]