It took 6 minutes for one of the first of these devices to transmit a standard A4 page.  
Frederick Bakewell got rid of the pendulums in Alexander Bain's chemistry-powered one of these devices for an invention Bakewell demoed to general disinterest at the Crystal Palace in 1851.  Exxon's subsidiary Qwip lost millions making these devices.  In February 2016, a Twitter account for one of these devices at the University of Florida posted a video of itself playing a cover of Adele's "Hello".  The aforementioned Bain machine of this type was successfully challenged in patent court for violating the (*) telegraph patent owned by Samuel Morse.  The Kennedy administration killed Speed Mail, which was powered by this technology.  These machines are still essential to National Signing Day for some reason.  It took 6 minutes for one of the first of these devices to transmit a standard A4 page.  For 10 points, name these devices which use modems to send images across telephone wires.
Frederick Bakewell got rid of the pendulums in Alexander Bain's chemistry-powered one of these devices for an invention Bakewell demoed to general disinterest at the Crystal Palace in 1851.  
fax machines [or telecopying machine; or telefax machine; or facsimile machine; prompt on chemical telegram; prompt on Xerography machine; prompt on modem; do not accept "copying machine"] 