For 10 points, name this mixture of molten rock that is called lava when extruded onto the surface of the earth.
The formation of three different types of this substance, including alkaline and tholeiite varieties, was the subject of a model by Kuno. The infinite onion and infinite leek models explain the rise of this substance from structures containing it. Assimilation, replenishment, and mixing are three of the FARM processes by which this substance differentiates. Cumulate rocks are created by the settling out of crystals from this substance, and (*) flow banding occurs when this substance leaves phenocrysts and xenoliths behind as it contacts a solid interface. The existence of rocks containing large quantities anorthosite of KREEP is used to posit an "ocean" of this substance on the moon. This substance can form sills, dikes, or other plutons upon intrusion, and its viscosity helps determine whether it forms andesite, rhyolite, or basalt upon cooling. For 10 points, name this mixture of molten rock that is called lava when extruded onto the surface of the earth.
The formation of three different types of this substance, including alkaline and tholeiite varieties, was the subject of a model by Kuno.
magma [do NOT accept “lava” until “flow banding”, accept it after]