The spectral irradiance of these systems is described by the StefanÂ–Boltzmann law and Planck's law.
The number density of particles in these systems contains a constant equal to 16 pi times the Riemann zeta function of 3. In an accelerating reference frame, vacuums resemble one of these systems with a temperature proportional to the acceleration. One equation describing these systems is derived by counting the number of standing waves per unit volume, then calculating the average energy per mode with a Boltzmann distribution. That law was derived because using the equipartition theorem to describe these systems leads to them having (*) infinite power at low wavelengths, a result called the ultraviolet catastrophe. The spectral irradiance of these systems is described by the StefanÂ–Boltzmann law and Planck's law. For 10 points, name these idealized systems that absorb all incoming electromagnetic radiation.
The number density of particles in these systems contains a constant equal to 16 pi times the Riemann zeta function of 3.
blackbody [prompt on photon gas]