For 10 points, name this early Islamic philosopher who summarized Galen's work in The Canon of Medicine and wrote The Book of Healing.
This man's theory of essence posits that it can exist in the external world, in the mind, or by itself without any mode of existence, which is called radical contingency. This man wrote his two earliest works under the guidance of "the Second Teacher" whose commentary elucidated a book he read forty times without comprehending. In the beginning of this philosopher's "Treatise on the Soul", he describes a thought experiment where a blind man (*) suspended in the air cannot affirm his own self-existence. The Incoherence of the Philosophers criticizes this man's viewpoints on Aristotelian philosophy, which was earlier summarized by Al-Ghazali in The Intentions of the Philosophers. For 10 points, name this early Islamic philosopher who summarized Galen's work in The Canon of Medicine and wrote The Book of Healing.
This man's theory of essence posits that it can exist in the external world, in the mind, or by itself without any mode of existence, which is called radical contingency.
Avicenna [or Ibn Sina]