Instabilities in the entity that creates this region are measured by the K-index.
Nightside energy release due to the formation of a near and far x-line, resulting in "flux ropes," is an attempt to explain one feature of this region called the "near-earth neutral line" model. Instabilities in the entity that creates this region are measured by the K-index. A z-pinch called Birkeland currents occur here, and, in a namesake layer, which separates the plasma sheet from the ring current, this region displays Alfven waves. It exhibits "substorms," and its inner edge is made up of a layer where Schumann resonances may occur and which has sub-layers like Kennelly-Heaviside, that being the ionosphere. Ganymede is the only non-planet in the solar system to possess one of these, which contain a torus of plasma called the Van Allen belt. Generally denoted B, FTP, name this region of the atmosphere caused by interactions with the solar wind, named for the field that permeates it.
Nightside energy release due to the formation of a near and far x-line, resulting in "flux ropes," is an attempt to explain one feature of this region called the "near-earth neutral line" model.
{magnetosphere}