The temperature equal to h-bar times gamma over 2 times Boltzmann's constant is the lower limit achievable using this effect.
The temperature equal to h-bar times gamma over 2 times Boltzmann's constant is the lower limit achievable using this effect. Saturated absorption spectroscopy is sometimes said to be "free" of this effect, which introduces a type of line (*) broadening counteracted by the Dicke effect. An experiment in which canal rays were fired through perforated plates experimentally detected the transverse version of this effect; that experiment was conducted by Ives and Stilwell. This effect is used to measure the flow rate of blood through ultrasound, and in astronomy it is the basis for redshift. For 10 points, name this effect in which the frequency of a wave decreases as the source moves away.
The temperature equal to h-bar times gamma over 2 times Boltzmann's constant is the lower limit achievable using this effect.
Doppler effect [or Doppler cooling]