For 10 points, name this technique that determines the structure of solids typically using probing radiation more energetic than ultraviolet light.
This technique is subject to a so-called phase problem that is resolved by rotating a goniometer around a sample. Samples for this technique are often flash-frozen to reduce the Debye-Waller effect, which can degrade its results. A Ramachandran plot can be used to check its results in biological applications. In general, the result of this technique is Fourier transformed in consideration of Bragg's law; in that way, the diffraction pattern can be re-assembled into a structural map. For 10 points, name this technique that determines the structure of solids typically using probing radiation more energetic than ultraviolet light.
This technique is subject to a so-called phase problem that is resolved by rotating a goniometer around a sample.
X-ray {crystallography}