This process may also be achieved by using coated tungsten particles, or treating yeast with lithium salts.
This process may be initiated in RecBC-lacking strains of Gram-positive cells by forming protoplasts and incubating with polyethylene glycol. This process may also be achieved by using coated tungsten particles, or treating yeast with lithium salts. It naturally occurs in Haemophilus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, but its effectiveness in other prokaryotes may be enhanced by cold incubating with calcium chloride and application of a heat shock. Studied by Avery, MacLeod, and MacCarty, who determined that the causative agent of Griffiths' virulence experiment was DNA, FTP identify this process by which a cell takes up free foreign genetic material from its environment.
This process may be initiated in RecBC-lacking strains of Gram-positive cells by forming protoplasts and incubating with polyethylene glycol.
{transformation}