For 10 points, name this measure of the total energy inside a system given by the sum of the potential and kinetic energy.
The differential of this quantity is equal to T times dS minus p times dV, implying it is minimized at constant entropy and volume. Using the free expansion of gas into vacuum, Joule's experiment kept this quantity and gravity constant. The temperature derivative of this quantity is the constant-volume heat capacity, and this (*) state function is equal to the enthalpy minus the product of P and V. By the first law of thermodynamics, the change in this quantity is the heat supplied plus the work done, and it is symbolized by uppercase U. For 10 points, name this measure of the total energy inside a system given by the sum of the potential and kinetic energy.
The differential of this quantity is equal to T times dS minus p times dV, implying it is minimized at constant entropy and volume.
internal energy (accept just energy before “uppercase U” is read, and accept just internal after “energy” is first read; prompt on “uppercase U” before read)