This was the office most famously represented by a monogram called the tughra, and the "Valide" was the mother of its holder.
The current heir to this office rose to it in 2009 after the death of Ertugul. This was the office most famously represented by a monogram called the tughra, and the "Valide" was the mother of its holder. This office sat atop a government metonymically called the Sublime Porte, and the "Chief (*) Black Eunuch" served this office by supervising the Seraglio. These rulers belonged to the Osman dynasty, and the Prime Minister under this ruler was called the Grand Vizier. For 10 points, name this office, held by people like Mehmet the Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent from their throne in what's now Istanbul, Turkey.
The current heir to this office rose to it in 2009 after the death of Ertugul.
sultan of the Ottoman Empire (prompt on partial answer; accept caliph, emperor, khan. Shah, or other synonyms in place of sultan but do not accept or prompt on “Ottoman king”; accept head of the House of Osman before “Osman” is read)