In Dandy-Walker syndrome, the vermis of this structure is often absent, and this structure's tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum in the (*) Chiari malformation.
Paraneoplastic degeneration of this structure is diagnosed by testing for Anti-Yo antibodies. One tumor most commonly found in this structure is associated with deletions in hSNF5 or INI1, and a childhood tumor exclusively found here is characterized by a 17p deletion with duplication of 17q, resulting in a 17q isochromosome; those malignancies are atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumors and medulloblastomas. In Dandy-Walker syndrome, the vermis of this structure is often absent, and this structure's tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum in the (*) Chiari malformation. Mossy fibers transmit sensory information directly to this structure's deep nuclei, while climbing fibers transmit motor inputs to a single Purkinje cell, enabling fine adjustment to motor action. Problems with this structure manifest as motor ataxias, or impairments in balance or gait. For ten points, name this brain structure, located dorsal to the brainstem and inferior to the cerebrum, whose name means "little brain".
Paraneoplastic degeneration of this structure is diagnosed by testing for Anti-Yo antibodies.
cerebellum [prompt on "brain" or "central nervous system"]