For a point charge, this quantity scales with one-over distance, and, in general, the gradient of this quantity gives the electric field.
Johnson–Nyquist noise is typically expressed in terms of the uncertainty in this quantity. One type of this quantity is proportional to current times magnetic field, and arises when a charge carrier is subject to an electromagnetic force. This quantity equals inductance times the time-derivative of current, by (*) Faraday's Law. Kirchoff's second law states that the sum of of this quantity around a loop equals zero. For a point charge, this quantity scales with one-over distance, and, in general, the gradient of this quantity gives the electric field. This quantity equals current times resistance. For 10 points, name this quantity also known as EMF or electric potential.
Johnson–Nyquist noise is typically expressed in terms of the uncertainty in this quantity.
voltage [or EMF (electromotive force) until it’s mentioned; or electric potential until it’s mentioned; prompt on “potential”; accept Hall voltage] &lt;AF&gt;