Below that temperature, the ground state begins to have macroscopic numbers of particles, leading to the formation of this.
In a mean field approximation of dilute forms of this substance, the healing length gives the minimum length that the order parameter must go to 0 at boundary. In the thermodynamic limit, this substance cannot be created in a 1D harmonic trap. A similar substance can be made through Cooper pairs. The critical temperature for the existence of this is defined as the point where the excited states have macroscopic numbers of particles. Below that temperature, the ground state begins to have macroscopic numbers of particles, leading to the formation of this. The approximate behavior of it is shown via the (*) Gross-Pitaevskii equation and it was first created in 1995 with rubidium-57 at very low temperatures. For 10 points, name this substance named for two scientists who also name a statistical distribution contrasting with the Fermi-Dirac distribution that describes bosons.
In a mean field approximation of dilute forms of this substance, the healing length gives the minimum length that the order parameter must go to 0 at boundary.
Bose-Einstein condensate [accept BEC; prompt on partial answers]