For 10 points, name this Hapsburg monarch opposed by Benito JuarÃ©z, who gained power after Napoleon III's intervention in Mexico.
As the commanderÂ­inÂ­chief of a navy, this man authorized an expedition in which the SMS Novara circumnavigated the globe. This man's refusal to shave his beard thwarted Felix SalmÂ­Salm's plan to break him out of imprisonment. This ruler promulgated the Black Decree mandating the execution of prisoners associated with armed bands. After failing to obtain assistance from Pius IX, this ruler's wife (*) Carlota went insane. This ruler adopted two grandsons of AugustÃ­n de Iturbide as his heirs. This ruler was executed along with his generals MejÃ­a and MiramÃ³n following his defeat at QuerÃ©taro. For 10 points, name this Hapsburg monarch opposed by Benito JuarÃ©z, who gained power after Napoleon III's intervention in Mexico.
As the commanderÂ­inÂ­chief of a navy, this man authorized an expedition in which the SMS Novara circumnavigated the globe.
Maximilian I of Mexico [prompt on "Maximilian"; accept Maximiliano for "Maximilian"]