Description acceptable"Degenerate" examples of these buildings included one at Athlit, which was called a "stupidity" in a work that criticized the theories of E. G. Rey and Charles Oman.
Description acceptable"Degenerate" examples of these buildings included one at Athlit, which was called a "stupidity" in a work that criticized the theories of E. G. Rey and Charles Oman. A 1906 bicycle tour of France was the inspiration for a book about these buildings, which concluded that "there is not a trace of anything Byzantine in" these structures, "while there were evident signs that all that was good in" them "hailed from France and Italy." T. E. Lawrence's undergraduate thesis at Jesus College, Oxford, examined the architectural history of these structures, which R. C. Smail described as "repositories of lordship" in the kingdom of Baldwin IV. (*) Krak des Chevaliers, a Hospitaller example of these structures, was damaged by airstrikes during the Syrian Civil War. For 10 points, what group of medieval fortifications were built to protect European outposts in the Holy Land?
Description acceptable"Degenerate" examples of these buildings included one at Athlit, which was called a "stupidity" in a work that criticized the theories of E. G. Rey and Charles Oman.
crusader castles (accept equivalents indicating castles built in the era of the crusades; accept Templar castles before "Hospitaller"; prompt on "castle(s)" or "castles in the Holy Land/Levant/Syria/etc." with instructions to indicate built by whom)