His most famous problem, related to the  Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, was scribbled in a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica and finally proved by Andrew Wiles.
This man proved that an odd prime can be expressed distinctively as the difference of two  squares, and his principle of least time was used to derive Snell's law. 2-to- the-2-to-the-n plus 1  for any integer n gives his namesake "numbers." His most famous problem, related to the  Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, was scribbled in a copy of Diophantus' Arithmetica and finally proved by Andrew Wiles. For 10 points, identify this French mathematician with a namesake  "little" theorem and "Last" theorem.
This man proved that an odd prime can be expressed distinctively as the difference of two  squares, and his principle of least time was used to derive Snell's law.
Pierre de Fermat