It's not India, but one insect-infested jail cell in this country's city of Bukhara was known as its "black hole".
A group of aristocratic intellectuals called the  jadids pushed for modernization in this country, and one Islamist movement in this country was founded by a former math teacher. That movement was attacked in the (*)  Andijan Massacre. This country's language is a modernized form of Chagatay Turkish, and this country faces a separatist movement led by the Karakalpaks. This country is the home of the Tughril Beg Madrasa. It's not India, but one insect-infested jail cell in this country's city of Bukhara was known as its "black hole". The daughter of this country's first post-independence leader, Gulnara Karimova, has been missing for years. For ten points, name this Central Asian country with capital Tashkent.
A group of aristocratic intellectuals called the  jadids pushed for modernization in this country, and one Islamist movement in this country was founded by a former math teacher.
Uzbekistan