Large doses of this vitamin may dilate blood vessels and cause a namesake flush.
One receptor for this compound is GPR109A, whose activation in Langerhans cells leads to the release of prostaglandins D2 and E2. L-kynurenine is an intermediate in the synthesis of this molecule via cleavage of the five-membered ring of tryptophan. This molecule is a pyridine with a carboxyl group at the 3 position. Hartnup's disease may cause deficiency of this vitamin, which results in the (*) three Ds of diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Among patients not taking statins, this vitamin can help reduce LDL levels. Large doses of this vitamin may dilate blood vessels and cause a namesake flush. Bioavailability of this vitamin from maize can be increased by nixtamalization, which involves treatment with lime. This vitamin is a precursor to the coenzymes NAD and NADP. For 10 points, name this B-vitamin whose deficiency is called pellagra.
One receptor for this compound is GPR109A, whose activation in Langerhans cells leads to the release of prostaglandins D2 and E2.
niacin [or Vitamin B3; or nicotinic acid]