Apparatuses for this technique can operate at either constant height or constant current modes.
A form of vibrational spectroscopy based on this technique was developed by Stipe, Rezaei, and Ho via the IETS method. The apparatus for this technique is commonly calibrated by ensuring there is a "chicken wire" configuration when this technique is applied to HOPG. Apparatuses for this technique can operate at either constant height or constant current modes. This technique when used alongside CITS is able to measure the local density of states by temporarily disabling feedback and taking an I-V curve. Lutz, Eigler, and Crommie applied this technique to create a (*) quantum corral of iron. Invented by Nobelists Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM, this technique relies on piezoelectric feedback for precise control of a platinum-iridium or tungsten tip as it's moved across a surface. AFM is an improvement of this technique, which relies on the formation of a bias voltage as electrons pass through a potential barrier. For 10 points, name this type of microscopy in which single atoms on a surface can be imaged.
A form of vibrational spectroscopy based on this technique was developed by Stipe, Rezaei, and Ho via the IETS method.
scanning tunneling microscopy [or scanning tunneling microscope or STM; prompt on partial answer, but order does matter; accept AFM or atomic force microscopy or atomic force microscope until the word “AFM”, prompt after]