Along with thermal disequilibrium and violation of the baryon number, this phenomenon is one of the conditions required for (*) baryogenesis according to the Sakharov conditions.
According to the Witten effect, any grand unified theory which does NOT show this phenomenon has dyons with only integer charges. The interaction of scalar fields with the instanton field causes this phenomenon as part of the Affleck-Dine mechanism. When this phenomenon does NOT occur, the areas of the unitarity triangles vanish. Along with thermal disequilibrium and violation of the baryon number, this phenomenon is one of the conditions required for (*) baryogenesis according to the Sakharov conditions. Complex phases in the CKM matrix allow for this phenomenon. In local and Lorentz-invariant quantum field theories, this phenomenon necessitates a flipping of the time-reversal symmetry. The indirect form of this phenomenon was originally discovered in the decay of neutral kaons by James Cronin and Val Fitch. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which the product of charge conjugation and parity symmetry are broken by some process.
According to the Witten effect, any grand unified theory which does NOT show this phenomenon has dyons with only integer charges.
CP violation [or charge conjugation and parity until "charge conjugation" is read]