This phenomenon is responsible for constraints such as relaxation enhancements in determining the solution structures of molecules that exhibit it, and Commoner et al. used it to detect free radicals in biological systems by employing its namesake refinement strategy.  
This phenomenon is responsible for constraints such as relaxation enhancements in determining the solution structures of molecules that exhibit it, and Commoner et al. used it to detect free radicals in biological systems by employing its namesake refinement strategy.  The weakest form of this effect, named after Pauli, occurs when electrons are delocalized throughout the solid, and it follows Weiss's law, which includes an interaction term that is attenuated by thermal motion.  It occurs in elements with unpaired electrons, and liquid oxygen is a well known material exhibiting this property.  Occuring in ferromagnets below the Curie point, FTP identify this phenomenon that occurs when a material becomes temporarily magnetized in parallel with a magnetic field, and is contrasted from diamagnetism.
This phenomenon is responsible for constraints such as relaxation enhancements in determining the solution structures of molecules that exhibit it, and Commoner et al. used it to detect free radicals in biological systems by employing its namesake refinement strategy.  
{paramagnetism}