This activity ended with the adoption of the Sakoku policy and the restriction of European contact to Dejima Island.
An outpost established for this activity was the most famous place to be run by an official called an Opperhoofd. It did not involve Brazil, but King Sebastian of Portugal decried the acquisition of slaves due to this activity because he believed it would hurt missionary activity. The wreck of the San Felipe revealed an alleged Spanish invasion, threatening this activity and leading to the crucifixion of (*) 26 Christians. In order to keep up scientifically with a people called Kōmō, an extended cessation of this activity prompted the study of rangaku. This activity ended with the adoption of the Sakoku policy and the restriction of European contact to Dejima Island. For 10 points, identify this activity naming a 16th century historical period and known in Japanese by a name meaning "southern barbarian".
An outpost established for this activity was the most famous place to be run by an official called an Opperhoofd.
Nanban trade (accept descriptive answers suggesting trade between Europe and Japan before "European")