The mule track El Camino Real connected these structures, which were first established by the Portola expedition of 1769.
A plot to seize one of these places and carry off cattle was planned by the shaman Toypurina, who claimed the ability to kill residents of these places from a distance. The Scottish trader Hugo Reid criticized the excessive use of corporal punishment at these places, whose residents often concealed talismans of membership in the datura cult beneath their shirts. Local leaders of these places were known as alcaldes, like a man named Estanislao who led a rebellion against these places in 1828. Tongva people who lived as (*) "neophytes" at these structures became known as the Gabrielino. The mule track El Camino Real connected these structures, which were first established by the Portola expedition of 1769. For 10 points, Junipero Serra helped establish what series of 21 religious buildings home to the Franciscans of colonial California?
A plot to seize one of these places and carry off cattle was planned by the shaman Toypurina, who claimed the ability to kill residents of these places from a distance.
California missions (accept Franciscan missions)