" Measuring this "as a single variable" is the root of problematic determinist theories according to Stephen Jay Gould's The Mismeasure of Man.
Media bias in coverage of studies of this variable is alleged in a book about "[its] Controversy, the Media, and Public Policy" by Mark Synderman. Failures of attempts to change this variable prompted a controversial 1969 article by Arthur Jensen, which reignited debate over it. In US v Sharon Steel Corp, the Justice Department cited Herbert Needleman's controversial research linking lead exposure and this variable. The Pioneer Fund has funded a number of studies of this variable, including work by (*) Hans Eysenck which got him punched in the face. Charles Spearman theorized that this variable was connected to a "g factor." Measuring this "as a single variable" is the root of problematic determinist theories according to Stephen Jay Gould's The Mismeasure of Man. For 10 points, Charles Murray's The Bell Curve gained controversy for showing a differential distribution of what variable across races?
Media bias in coverage of studies of this variable is alleged in a book about "[its] Controversy, the Media, and Public Policy" by Mark Synderman.
intelligence (quotient) [or IQ]