Among its tenets was that no great power was exempt from paying harbor or railroad charges and that only the Chinese government should collect taxes on trade.
It was violated by Japan's Twenty-one Demands in 1915, but it was later reaffirmed by the Nine-Power Treaty signed at the 1922 Washington Conference. Among its tenets was that no great power was exempt from paying harbor or railroad charges and that only the Chinese government should collect taxes on trade. Ultimately permitting equal trade access, FTP, what was this policy designed by Secretary of State John Hay to oppose the development of spheres of influence in China?
It was violated by Japan's Twenty-one Demands in 1915, but it was later reaffirmed by the Nine-Power Treaty signed at the 1922 Washington Conference.
{Open Door} Policy