One over the product of c and permeability of free space is multiplied by the square of this quantity in a formula for instantaneous energy flow rate, and according to Gauss's law, the surface integral of this quantity is equal to enclosed charge over permittivity of free space.
One over the product of c and permeability of free space is multiplied by the square of this quantity in a formula for instantaneous energy flow rate, and according to Gauss's law, the surface integral of this quantity is equal to enclosed charge over permittivity of free space. This quantity is equal to zero at all points inside a charged conducting sphere, and namesake lines indicate the direction a positive test charge would move in one of these. For 10 points, name this quantity defined as the electric force per unit charge.
One over the product of c and permeability of free space is multiplied by the square of this quantity in a formula for instantaneous energy flow rate, and according to Gauss's law, the surface integral of this quantity is equal to enclosed charge over permittivity of free space.
{Electric Field}