For 10 points, name this process, another example of which is "optical molasses", in which a certain light-amplifying device is used to decelerate particles.
A mythologically-named form of this process is ineffective below the recoil limit, and is dominated by the dipole force, which does not saturate. Some forms of this technique are ineffective when a certain value is less than "pi times h-bar times the natural linewidth divided by Boltzmann's constant". One form of this technique operates in the presence of three mutually-orthogonal polarization gradients and produces a velocity-dependent force with a damping coefficient proportional to the partial of the scattering force with respect to angular frequency. The most common form of it, discovered around the same time as chirping, widens an atomic transition over the length of a solenoid via the (*) Zeeman effect to facilitate the scattering of Doppler-shifted photons. For 10 points, name this process, another example of which is "optical molasses", in which a certain light-amplifying device is used to decelerate particles.
A mythologically-named form of this process is ineffective below the recoil limit, and is dominated by the dipole force, which does not saturate.
laser cooling [prompt on "cooling"; prompt on "optical trapping"]