John
A mural arc was purchased for this institution by its first chairman, a man who worked tirelessly to destroy unauthorized early publications of his magnum opus, the Atlas Coelestis.  One head of this institution, Nevil Maskelyne, repeatedly worked to deny prize money that should have gone to John Harrison.  This institution published the Nautical Almanac in 1767.  Thomas Tompion built two blocks for this institution's Christopher Wren-designed octagon room.  In 1948, this institution moved to Hertmonceux in Sussex.  John (*) Flamsteed was the first head of this institution.  Since 1999, a green laser has shined out from its original headquarters.  The French anarchist Martial Bourdin was killed when his bomb went off prematurely near this institution, an event which inspired Joseph Conrad's The Secret Agent.  Charles II founded this institution to solve the Longitude problem.  For 10 points, the Prime Meridian runs through which institution's building?
A mural arc was purchased for this institution by its first chairman, a man who worked tirelessly to destroy unauthorized early publications of his magnum opus, the Atlas Coelestis.  
Greenwich Observatory [or Royal Greenwich Observatory; or Royal Observatory, Greenwich; or RGO; prompt on Royal Society] 