Members of this group were targeted in the Colfax massacre in New Orleans, with the Supreme Court later ruling in U.S. v Cruikshank that the Enforcement Act could not protect these people from private individuals.
Even though Joseph Brooks, leader of the "Brindle Tail" cause, did not belong to this group, members of it provided his military strength in the Brooks-Baxter War. After John Stephens was killed while helping this group, Governor William Holden's reprisal measures resulted in him becoming the first governor to be removed from office. Members of this group were targeted in the Colfax massacre in New Orleans, with the Supreme Court later ruling in U.S. v Cruikshank that the Enforcement Act could not protect these people from private individuals. This group was aided by an organization headed by General Oliver O. Howard and by the passing of the Force Acts, while William Sherman ordered that some members of this group receive "forty acres and a mule." For 10 points, identify this demographic group aided by a namesake bureau after the Civil War and who became subject to Jim Crow laws.
Even though Joseph Brooks, leader of the "Brindle Tail" cause, did not belong to this group, members of it provided his military strength in the Brooks-Baxter War.
freedmen [accept African-Americans, accept black people, accept Freedmen's Bureau, accept former slaves, accept other obvious equivalents, prompt on Southerners or Americans, accept Southerners not part of the Confederacy until Colfax Massacre, do not accept or prompt on just slaves]