For 10 points, name this process, for which public- and symmetric-key algorithms exist, in which plaintext data is converted into ciphertext, thus making an original message difficult for an eavesdropper to read.
One algorithm to perform it is RC4, which is based on a "one-time pad" and the XOR [ecks-oar] function. SEAL can do it in a streaming fashion, unlike older algorithms such as DES [dez], IDEA, and Blowfish, which must break the input up into fixed-length blocks. One easy-to-break method of it is based on performing modular arithmetic on the Roman alphabet, and is named after Julius Caesar, while another, based on the infeasibility of factoring really big numbers quickly, is called RSA. For 10 points, name this process, for which public- and symmetric-key algorithms exist, in which plaintext data is converted into ciphertext, thus making an original message difficult for an eavesdropper to read.
One algorithm to perform it is RC4, which is based on a "one-time pad" and the XOR [ecks-oar] function.
{encryption} [accept obvious equivalents]