In one of his books, this thinker uses the Observation Equation to refute the notion that the freak observer problem means that the anthropic principle must be true.  
This man's best known book opens with a fable about a flock of sparrows that take in an owl but don't prepare for how the owl will live among them.  In one of his books, this thinker uses the Observation Equation to refute the notion that the freak observer problem means that the anthropic principle must be true.  In a 2002 paper, this thinker described the importance of scope, intensity and probability in calculating existential risk.  This co-founder of the World Transhumanist Association and formulator of the Simulation hypothesis outlined the concept of a "Great Filter" that keeps the "billions Â… of potential germination points for life" from blossoming in his essay, "Where Are They?  Why I Hope the Search for Extraterrestrial Life Finds Nothing".  For 15 points, name this Swedish-born Oxford philosopher, the author of Superintelligence.
This man's best known book opens with a fable about a flock of sparrows that take in an owl but don't prepare for how the owl will live among them.  
Nick Bostrom [or Nikias Bostrom] 