Systems of this type that switch discontinuously between two states show "bang-bang" behavior.
In the theory of these systems, Pontryagin's principle and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation give conditions for their optimality. An equation governing some systems of this type sums past, present, and predicted future error to determine output. Systems of this type that switch discontinuously between two states show "bang-bang" behavior. The (*) proportional-integral-derivative loop feedback mechanism is used in industrial systems of this type. For 10 points, name these systems that direct behavior of other devices, exemplified by thermostats.
In the theory of these systems, Pontryagin's principle and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation give conditions for their optimality.
control systems [accept specific types like PID controller]