For ten points, name this first among the twelve apostles who some argue became the first Pope, named because of Christ's assertion that this man would be the rock of his church.
This man was recruited to the Apostolship with his brother Andrew, and he was martyred upside down on a cross in Rome. With James and John, this man spent a long time in Antioch after being released from prison, and earlier, Jesus pronounced that whatever this man loosed on Earth would also be loosed in heaven. After trying to defend Christ by force, he denied his association with Jesus three times, as had been predicted by Jesus before. For ten points, name this first among the twelve apostles who some argue became the first Pope, named because of Christ's assertion that this man would be the rock of his church.
This man was recruited to the Apostolship with his brother Andrew, and he was martyred upside down on a cross in Rome.
Saint {Peter} (also accept “Simon” or “Simon Peter”)