Located to the south is Fire Island, and scientists may know it as the location of both Cold Spring Harbor and Brookhaven national laboratory.
The Shinnecock and Possepatuk Indian Reservations are the only ones located here, and it was called Paumanok by the Native Americans.  It contains 4 counties, including Suffolk county, and it was formed by glacial moraines. Minor towns here include Far Rockaway, Oyster Bay and Glen Cove, and it is home to Hofstra University and the United States Merchant marine academy. Located to the south is Fire Island, and scientists may know it as the location of both Cold Spring Harbor and Brookhaven national laboratory. At the farthest east point is the Montauk lighthouse, and in the eastern part of the island are the Hamptons. A namesake sound separates it from the mainland, and Nassau county is located on it. For 10 points, name this most populated island in America, just east of Manhattan, separated from the rest of New York by the East river.
The Shinnecock and Possepatuk Indian Reservations are the only ones located here, and it was called Paumanok by the Native Americans.  
{Long} island