This quantity can be calculated by dividing both sides of Coulomb's Law by a test charge and noting it equals force divided by charge.
The displacement current in Ampere's Law is proportional to the time rate of change of this quantity. Current density equals conductivity times this value, according to a variant of Ohm's Law. This quantity is independent of distance from a charged sheet according to Gauss' Law, which is used to calculate it for charge distributions. It is constant inside a capacitor and zero inside a metal. The negative integral of it equals the change in potential between two points. This quantity can be calculated by dividing both sides of Coulomb's Law by a test charge and noting it equals force divided by charge. For 10 points, name this quantity, the field from charged particles.
The displacement current in Ampere's Law is proportional to the time rate of change of this quantity.
electric field [or E; accept electric flux until "independent of distance"]