For 10 points, name these compounds containing two OH groups.
Rychnovsky determined a way to analyze a subtype of these compounds in 13-C NMR, finding that, depending on the configuration, they exhibit peaks at either 19 and 30 ppm or 25 ppm. Acetonide is a common protecting group for these compounds. Trimethyl phosphite attacks the sulfur atom of a cyclic intermediate that forms from the reaction of thiophosgene and one of these compounds in the Corey-Winter reaction. A racemic mixture of these compounds is produced by using NMO as a re-oxidant in the Upjohn reaction. The most common usage of (*) periodic acid is to cleave these compounds into aldehyde or ketone fragments. They are made asymmetrically by treating alkenes with osmium tetroxide in the Sharpless reaction. Under acidic conditions, these compounds transform into carbonyl compounds in the 1,2-pinacol rearrangement. The most frequently-used of these compounds in industry, ethylene glycol, is of the "vicinal" type because the hydroxyl groups are attached to adjacent atoms. For 10 points, name these compounds containing two OH groups.
Rychnovsky determined a way to analyze a subtype of these compounds in 13-C NMR, finding that, depending on the configuration, they exhibit peaks at either 19 and 30 ppm or 25 ppm.
diols [or glycols]