The path integral representation of these particles does not require using Grassmann numbers.
In 2016, Shah and Bolech discovered inconsistencies in the standard strategy for expressing 1D systems in terms of these particles. Spin operators can be written in terms of creation and annihilation operators for these particles in the HolsteinÂ–Primakoff transformation. The path integral representation of these particles does not require using Grassmann numbers. The exchange interaction for these particles is (*) attractive, and the wavefunction is unchanged upon exchanging them according to the spinÂ­statistics theorem. Cornell and Wieman first produced a system in which many of these particles occupy the ground state, which is possible because they do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle. For 10 points, identify this class of integerÂ­spin particles whose namesakeand Einstein name both the statistics they follow and the condensate they can form. 
In 2016, Shah and Bolech discovered inconsistencies in the standard strategy for expressing 1D systems in terms of these particles.
bosons