This quantity equals Boltzmann's(*) constant times the natural logarithm of the number of available microstates.
John von Neumann names a version of this quantity that is equal to the negative of the trace of the density matrix times its natural logarithm, which coincides with Claude Shannon's definition of this quantity in information theory. Rudolf Clausius originated this concept, and his outdated eponymous unit for it is equal to 1 calorie per degree Celsius. This quantity equals Boltzmann's(*) constant times the natural logarithm of the number of available microstates. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, this state function for the universe will always increase over time. For 10 points, name this measure of disorder.
John von Neumann names a version of this quantity that is equal to the negative of the trace of the density matrix times its natural logarithm, which coincides with Claude Shannon's definition of this quantity in information theory.
Entropy [do NOT accept or prompt on “enthalpy”]