The first commercial use of these genetic elements was for the bacterial production of human insulin, and their use won Walter Gilbert a Nobel Prize.
The organism Agrobacterium tumefaciens produces an important one known as Ti, or tumor inducing. Those that undergo reversible incorporation are known as episomes, and Hfr cells contain the F, or fertility, variety. The R variety is useful for conferring cells with various antibiotic-resistant genes. The first commercial use of these genetic elements was for the bacterial production of human insulin, and their use won Walter Gilbert a Nobel Prize. FTP, identify this genetic element that consists of small, circular DNA molecules separated from bacterial chromosomes.
The organism Agrobacterium tumefaciens produces an important one known as Ti, or tumor inducing.
{plasmids}