Also controlled by the release of melatonin from the pineal gland, they are disrupted in individuals with seasonal affective disorder and jet lag.
The expression of BMAL is integral to the development of these processes. In humans, they are partly controlled by the dimerization of ARNTL2 and NPAS2, and in Drosophila, Seymour Benzer discovered the Per and Cry genes, which are integral to these processes. Established through zeitgebers via a process called entrainment, in humans they are largely controlled by signals from the retinohypothalamic tract to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Also controlled by the release of melatonin from the pineal gland, they are disrupted in individuals with seasonal affective disorder and jet lag. FTP, name these 24-hour cycles of behavioral and biochemical processes in living beings, the prime example being sleep.
The expression of BMAL is integral to the development of these processes.
{Circadian rhythms} (prompt on things like “day-night cycles”)