For 10 points, name this value, which is a temperature-dependent coefficient that appears multiplied to the quadratic term of the virial equation of state.
Along with the radius of gyration and molecular weight, dynamic light scattering is used to determine this value via a Zimm plot. For a polymer solution, this value is calculated by taking the negative excess change in chemical potential divided by partial specific volume of the solvent times concentration squared, and it is zero at the point where the solvent is just poor enough to cancel the expansion of excluded volume. For a hard sphere potential, this value is equal to two-thirds pi times the radius of the sphere cubed, and for a van der Waals gas it is equal to b minus quantity a over RT. This value, which has units of (*) molar volume and is equal to negative two pi times the integral of r-squared times the Mayer-f function, is dependent only on pairwise interactions between particles. For a real gas, this value is zero at the point where the gas behaves the most like an ideal gas; that point is the Boyle temperature. For 10 points, name this value, which is a temperature-dependent coefficient that appears multiplied to the quadratic term of the virial equation of state.
Along with the radius of gyration and molecular weight, dynamic light scattering is used to determine this value via a Zimm plot.
second virial coefficient [accept B or B-sub-2; prompt on “virial coefficient” or “virial”]