This capacity was tested for in the Stanford marshmallow experiment.
The cognitive-affective processing model posits that this ability is correlated positively with using "cool" cognitive strategies instead of "hot" cognitive strategies. Failure to perform this psychological, non-economic ability can be modeled formally using hyperbolic utility functions that demonstrate an individual's dynamic inconsistency. Failure to perform this ability correlates with high ventral striatum activity, and this ability is directly opposed by (*) temporal discounting. This ability was discovered to be correlated with higher SAT scores by Walter Mischel, who studied this ability in an experiment in which subjects were left in a room with the namesake object. Many of those subjects would bang on the table or squirm as they struggled to contain themselves to obtain a second of the namesake snack. This capacity was tested for in the Stanford marshmallow experiment. For 10 points, identify this ability to resist immediate reward in favor of waiting for a later reward.
The cognitive-affective processing model posits that this ability is correlated positively with using "cool" cognitive strategies instead of "hot" cognitive strategies.
delay of gratification [or  deferred gratification or  delaying reward; accept anything that suggests waiting for or delaying or improperly discounting some reward or gratification; prompt on willpower or self-control or self-regulation]