One device that is apparently able to circumvent the best-known rule applying to this quantity was undermined by Claude Shannon's definition of this quantity for information.
A naïve definition of this quantity for distinguishable particles is not extensive, which leads to Gibbs' paradox. One equation for this quantity contains a term proportional to the logarithm of the specific volume to the three-halves; this quantity is it given more generally as proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates corresponding to a macrostate. One device that is apparently able to circumvent the best-known rule applying to this quantity was undermined by Claude Shannon's definition of this quantity for information. The Sakur-Tetrode and Boltzmann equations are used to compute this quantity, which can seemingly be decreased by Maxwell's demon. For 10 points, name this thermodynamic quantity that is non-decreasing for an isolated system according to the second law of thermodynamics.
A naïve definition of this quantity for distinguishable particles is not extensive, which leads to Gibbs' paradox.
{entropy} [prompt on {S}]