Its last Caliph, Marwan II, died, Abd ar-Rahman
The Sogdian people revolted against this empire when it revoked its promise not to tax them if they converted , highlighting its problems with tax expectations on non-Arab Muslims. Its first dynasty within a dynasty was called the Sufyanids, and its founder ended the First Fitnah. Its last Caliph, Marwan II, died, Abd ar-Rahman I was the only of their line to escape, fleeing to Spain where the Caliphate continued. By the time that the Abbasids had killed Marwan II, this empire extended from Spain to India. FTP identify this Islamic dynasty, founded by Muawiyya, the first Islamic caliphate.
The Sogdian people revolted against this empire when it revoked its promise not to tax them if they converted , highlighting its problems with tax expectations on non-Arab Muslims.
The {Umayyad} Caliphate