For 10 points, name these substances, of which water is considered the "universal" one, which dissolves solutes.
The effect of these substances on elimination and substitution reactions is summarized in the Hughes-Ingold rules. When these substances are simply assumed to be a continuum, the change in free energy from adding one of them equals the sum of sigma times the accessible surface area. COSMO and Generalized Born are implicit models of these substances, whose strength is often given by their dielectric constant. The (*) partition coefficient is used to determine when a compound will move from one of these substances to another. Rotary evaporation is used to remove these substances. Polar aprotic ones like THF are used for SN2 reactions, whose volume appears in the denominator of the equation for calculating molarity. For 10 points, name these substances, of which water is considered the "universal" one, which dissolves solutes.
The effect of these substances on elimination and substitution reactions is summarized in the Hughes-Ingold rules.
solvent [prompt on “solution”]