A map from virtual addresses is contained in a specialized one of these components known as a TLB.
The MSI protocol is used to mark the state of these components in distributed systems in order to preserve "coherence." Under high load, a "stampede" can occur when many concurrent processes access one of these structures. The optimal algorithm to control these components is known as Belady's algorithm, but more practical choices include LRU and MRU. A map from virtual addresses is contained in a specialized one of these components known as a TLB. Compiler (*) optimizations like loop-tiling make use of these components. These components can mark elements as "dirty," which indicates that they must be copied if evicted in the "write-back" system of managing these components. These structures, which take advantage of temporal and spatial locality, usually measure performance through a "hit rate." For 10 points, name these small components that store data to be retrieved faster on subsequent requests, which have a hierarchy that includes the L1 and L2 types.
The MSI protocol is used to mark the state of these components in distributed systems in order to preserve "coherence.
cache [prompt on “memory” or “buffer”; do not prompt on “RAM” or “hard drive” or “disk”]