In the Upanishads, this metaphysical concept is alternatively called Jiva or Atman, which stands in relation to Brahman, the "world" variety of this.
Sankhya thought typically uses the term purusha to characterize this entity. The Qur'an discusses Nafs, the evil kind of this. The term translated as this in Kaballah and the Old Testament is Nephesh. Ancient Chinese writers discuss Hun, a rational principle, which is also the subject of ancestor worship. Medieval Christians called this Anima because it functions as a principle of motion or life. In the Upanishads, this metaphysical concept is alternatively called Jiva or Atman, which stands in relation to Brahman, the "world" variety of this. For 10  points, name this imperishable part of a person that might be taken up to Heaven or reincarnated into a cucumber, contrasted with the mind and body.
Sankhya thought typically uses the term purusha to characterize this entity.
soul