The creator of algebra worked at this dynasty's House of Wisdom, which was destroyed when Hulagu Khan sacked its capital of Baghdad.
This dynasty was opposed by a husband-and-wife team of freedom fighters named Banu and Babak Khorramdin. This dynasty established the Mihna inquisition to persecute followers of the Mutazilite heresy. Turkish chieftains fought for control of this dynasty during the Anarchy at Samarra, and it was once dominated by viziers from the Barmakid family. The last ruler of this dynasty was either starved to death in his treasure room or rolled up in a carpet and trampled by horses. The creator of algebra worked at this dynasty's House of Wisdom, which was destroyed when Hulagu Khan sacked its capital of Baghdad. For 10 points, name this caliphate that succeeded the Umayyads.
This dynasty was opposed by a husband-and-wife team of freedom fighters named Banu and Babak Khorramdin.
Abbasid Caliphate [or al-Khilafah al-'Abbasiyyah]