This value is generalized by a complex-valued function named for Erik Fredholm. For transformation T applied to parallelogram P, this value for T equals the coefficient for the change in area of P under the transformation. To find the characteristic polynomial for A, this value is calculated for A minus the identity times lambda, which represents a scalar eigenvalue. Quotients of these values can be used to find the coefficients that solve a system of linear equations by Cramer's rule. Only the sign of this value is changed when rows or columns are swapped. For 10 points, name this value which
This value is generalized by a complex-valued function named for Erik Fredholm. For transformation T applied to parallelogram P, this value for T equals the coefficient for the change in area of P under the transformation. To find the characteristic polynomial for A, this value is calculated for A minus the identity times lambda, which represents a scalar eigenvalue. Quotients of these values can be used to find the coefficients that solve a system of linear equations by Cramer's rule. Only the sign of this value is changed when rows or columns are swapped. For 10 points, name this value which, for a two row matrix, is often expressed as ad minus bc.