This value is generalized
This value is generalized by a complex-valued function named for Erik Fredholm. For transformation T applied to parallelogram P, this value for T equals the coefficient for the change in area of P under the transformation. To find the characteristic polynomial for A, this value is calculated for A minus the identity times lambda, which represents a scalar eigenvalue. Quotients of these values can be used to find the coefficients that solve a system of linear equations by Cramer's rule. Only the sign of this value is changed when rows or columns are swapped. For 10 points, name this value which, for a two row matrix, is often expressed as ad minus bc.