If the fractional preponderance of this property is denoted X, then X squared over quantity one minus X is proportional to the three-halves power of the temperature times a Boltzmann factor, according to the Saha equation. The absence of Gunn-Peterson troughs in younger quasars indicates that this phenomenon, driven by star ignition, black hole accretion, and particle decay occurred on a universe-wide scale for a second time between redshifts of 10 and 6. When a gas with this property meets the criterion that its density times the volume of a D
If the fractional preponderance of this property is denoted X, then X squared over quantity one minus X is proportional to the three-halves power of the temperature times a Boltzmann factor, according to the Saha equation. The absence of Gunn-Peterson troughs in younger quasars indicates that this phenomenon, driven by star ignition, black hole accretion, and particle decay occurred on a universe-wide scale for a second time between redshifts of 10 and 6. When a gas with this property meets the criterion that its density times the volume of a Debye sphere is much greater than 1, it will behave as a plasma. In neutral atomic hydrogen, the energy that must be absorbed for this phenomenon to occur is 13.6 electron-volts. For 10 points, identify this phenomenon in which an electron is separated from an atom, leaving behind a positively charged entity.
If the fractional preponderance of this property is denoted X, then X squared over quantity one minus X is proportional to the three-halves power of the temperature times a Boltzmann factor, according to the Saha equation.
ionization [accept word forms]