By using a mathematical model in which valuation varied with quality, Novos and Waldman concluded that this concept did not l
By using a mathematical model in which valuation varied with quality, Novos and Waldman concluded that this concept did not lead to increased social loss from underutilization, while Takeyama showed that under certain conditions the absence of this concept could produce Pareto optimal results via network effects. David Levine and Michelle Boldrin have argued against this concept in a book which claims that this concept does not produce the increasing returns claimed by its advocates. The decision in Feist v. Rural established that "sweat of the brow," was not sufficient for this status, holding that this status requires originality. Baker v. Selden held that this status was not applicable to an idea but only to the expression of an idea itself, while Gyles v. Wilcox established an abridgement of this status called "fair use." Regulated on an international scale by the 1988 Berne Convention, for ten points, identify this legal concept outlined in Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution which grants exclusive rights to authors over their works.
By using a mathematical model in which valuation varied with quality, Novos and Waldman concluded that this concept did not lead to increased social loss from underutilization, while Takeyama showed that under certain conditions the absence of this concept could produce Pareto optimal results via network effects.
copyright [prompt on "intellectual property" since this is all concerned explicitly with copyright and not, say, patents]