Dragoman predicts the existence of a Giant version of this effect in graphene over metallic electrodes. In Type II superconductors, Huber's counterflow model accounts for it by assuming a Lorentz-like force acts on vortices, resulting in a phase slip, and on quantity important in it is given by a formula derived by taking an integral over sigma of E modulated by Fermi statistics, called the Cutler-Mott formula. One cause of this effect is predominant when T is approximately equal to 1/5 of the Debye temperature, and occurs when phonons interact with other particles, causing phonon drag. This effect is used in the radioisotope generators on space probes. This effect occurs because electrons migrate in gas-expansion-like manner away from their positively charged nuclei when heated, and is the inverse of the Peltier 
Dragoman predicts the existence of a Giant version of this effect in graphene over metallic electrodes. In Type II superconductors, Huber's counterflow model accounts for it by assuming a Lorentz-like force acts on vortices, resulting in a phase slip, and on quantity important in it is given by a formula derived by taking an integral over sigma of E modulated by Fermi statistics, called the Cutler-Mott formula. One cause of this effect is predominant when T is approximately equal to 1/5 of the Debye temperature, and occurs when phonons interact with other particles, causing phonon drag. This effect is used in the radioisotope generators on space probes. This effect occurs because electrons migrate in gas-expansion-like manner away from their positively charged nuclei when heated, and is the inverse of the Peltier effect. For 10 points, name this effect exploited in thermocouples, in which applying a temperature difference to a conductor induces in a current.
Dragoman predicts the existence of a Giant version of this effect in graphene over metallic electrodes.
{Seebeck} effect or {Thermoelectric} effect