One generalization of this statement can be used to derive Landauer's principle. One consequence of this law is that the matr
One generalization of this statement can be used to derive Landauer's principle. One consequence of this law is that the matrix L in the Onsager reciprocal relations is positive-definite. One extension of this law states that the ratio of the probability of a pair of time-averaged dissipation functions is equal to an exponential; that theorem gives the probability of microscopically violating this law and is called the (*) fluctuation theorem. One method of deriving this statement is to take a closed line integral of dQ over T for an irreversible process; that gives an inequality named for Clausius. A creature that could sort fast particles from slow ones would violate this law; that creature is Maxwell's demon. This law limits the efficiency of the Carnot cycle. For 10 points, name this law which states that for a closed system, the entropy always increases.
One generalization of this statement can be used to derive Landauer's principle.
Second Law of Thermodynamics